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Tankus A, Rosenberg N, Ben-Hamo O, Stern E, Strauss I. Machine learning decoding of single neurons in the thalamus for speech brain-machine interfaces. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:036009. [PMID: 38648783 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad4179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Our goal is to decode firing patterns of single neurons in the left ventralis intermediate nucleus (Vim) of the thalamus, related to speech production, perception, and imagery. For realistic speech brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), we aim to characterize the amount of thalamic neurons necessary for high accuracy decoding.Approach. We intraoperatively recorded single neuron activity in the left Vim of eight neurosurgical patients undergoing implantation of deep brain stimulator or RF lesioning during production, perception and imagery of the five monophthongal vowel sounds. We utilized the Spade decoder, a machine learning algorithm that dynamically learns specific features of firing patterns and is based on sparse decomposition of the high dimensional feature space.Main results. Spade outperformed all algorithms compared with, for all three aspects of speech: production, perception and imagery, and obtained accuracies of 100%, 96%, and 92%, respectively (chance level: 20%) based on pooling together neurons across all patients. The accuracy was logarithmic in the amount of neurons for all three aspects of speech. Regardless of the amount of units employed, production gained highest accuracies, whereas perception and imagery equated with each other.Significance. Our research renders single neuron activity in the left Vim a promising source of inputs to BMIs for restoration of speech faculties for locked-in patients or patients with anarthria or dysarthria to allow them to communicate again. Our characterization of how many neurons are necessary to achieve a certain decoding accuracy is of utmost importance for planning BMI implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Tankus
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Noam Rosenberg
- School of Electrical Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Oz Ben-Hamo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Einat Stern
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ido Strauss
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Bulut T, Hagoort P. Contributions of the left and right thalami to language: A meta-analytic approach. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02795-3. [PMID: 38625556 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a pervasive cortico-centric view in cognitive neuroscience, subcortical structures including the thalamus have been shown to be increasingly involved in higher cognitive functions. Previous structural and functional imaging studies demonstrated cortico-thalamo-cortical loops which may support various cognitive functions including language. However, large-scale functional connectivity of the thalamus during language tasks has not been examined before. METHODS The present study employed meta-analytic connectivity modeling to identify language-related coactivation patterns of the left and right thalami. The left and right thalami were used as regions of interest to search the BrainMap functional database for neuroimaging experiments with healthy participants reporting language-related activations in each region of interest. Activation likelihood estimation analyses were then carried out on the foci extracted from the identified studies to estimate functional convergence for each thalamus. A functional decoding analysis based on the same database was conducted to characterize thalamic contributions to different language functions. RESULTS The results revealed bilateral frontotemporal and bilateral subcortical (basal ganglia) coactivation patterns for both the left and right thalami, and also right cerebellar coactivations for the left thalamus, during language processing. In light of previous empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, the present connectivity and functional decoding findings suggest that cortico-subcortical-cerebellar-cortical loops modulate and fine-tune information transfer within the bilateral frontotemporal cortices during language processing, especially during production and semantic operations, but also other language (e.g., syntax, phonology) and cognitive operations (e.g., attention, cognitive control). CONCLUSION The current findings show that the language-relevant network extends beyond the classical left perisylvian cortices and spans bilateral cortical, bilateral subcortical (bilateral thalamus, bilateral basal ganglia) and right cerebellar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talat Bulut
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Peter Hagoort
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mračková M, Mareček R, Mekyska J, Košťálová M, Rektorová I. Levodopa may modulate specific speech impairment in Parkinson's disease: an fMRI study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:181-187. [PMID: 37943390 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypokinetic dysarthria (HD) is a difficult-to-treat symptom affecting quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Levodopa may partially alleviate some symptoms of HD in PD, but the neural correlates of these effects are not fully understood. The aim of our study was to identify neural mechanisms by which levodopa affects articulation and prosody in patients with PD. Altogether 20 PD patients participated in a task fMRI study (overt sentence reading). Using a single dose of levodopa after an overnight withdrawal of dopaminergic medication, levodopa-induced BOLD signal changes within the articulatory pathway (in regions of interest; ROIs) were studied. We also correlated levodopa-induced BOLD signal changes with the changes in acoustic parameters of speech. We observed no significant changes in acoustic parameters due to acute levodopa administration. After levodopa administration as compared to the OFF dopaminergic condition, patients showed task-induced BOLD signal decreases in the left ventral thalamus (p = 0.0033). The changes in thalamic activation were associated with changes in pitch variation (R = 0.67, p = 0.006), while the changes in caudate nucleus activation were related to changes in the second formant variability which evaluates precise articulation (R = 0.70, p = 0.003). The results are in line with the notion that levodopa does not have a major impact on HD in PD, but it may induce neural changes within the basal ganglia circuitries that are related to changes in speech prosody and articulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mračková
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Mareček
- Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mekyska
- Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Košťálová
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Rektorová
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Tankus A, Lustig-Barzelay Y, Gurevitch G, Faust-Socher A, Strauss I. Neuronal Encoding of Speech Features in the Human Thalamus in Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor Patients. Neurosurgery 2024; 94:307-316. [PMID: 37695053 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The human thalamus is known, from stimulation studies and functional imaging, to participate in high-level language tasks. The goal of this study is to find whether and how speech features, in particular, vowel phonemes, are encoded in the neuronal activity of the thalamus, and specifically of the left ventralis intermediate nucleus (Vim), during speech production, perception, and imagery. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we intraoperatively recorded single neuron activity in the left Vim of eight neurosurgical patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 4) or essential tremor (n = 4) undergoing implantation of deep brain stimulation (n = 3) or radiofrequency lesioning (n = 5) while patients articulated the five monophthongal vowel sounds. RESULTS In this article, we report that single neurons in the left Vim encode individual vowel phonemes mainly during speech production but also during perception and imagery. They mainly use one of two encoding schemes: broad or sharp tuning, with a similar percentage of units each. Sinusoidal tuning has been demonstrated in almost half of the broadly tuned units. Patients with PD had a lower percentage of speech-related units in each aspect of speech (production, perception, and imagery), a significantly lower percentage of broadly tuned units, and significantly lower median firing rates during speech production and perception, but significantly higher rates during imagery, than patients with essential tremor. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the left Vim uses mixed encoding schemes for speech features. Our findings explain, at the single neuron level, why deep brain stimulation and radiofrequency lesioning of the left Vim are likely to cause speech side effects. Moreover, they may indicate that speech-related units in the left Vim of patients with PD may be degraded even in the subclinical phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Tankus
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv , Israel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv , Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Yael Lustig-Barzelay
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Guy Gurevitch
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv , Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Achinoam Faust-Socher
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Ido Strauss
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv , Israel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv , Israel
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Dai Z, Song L, Luo C, Liu D, Li M, Han Z. Hemispheric lateralization of language processing: insights from network-based symptom mapping and patient subgroups. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad437. [PMID: 38031356 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemispheric laterality of language processing has become a hot topic in modern neuroscience. Although most previous studies have reported left-lateralized language processing, other studies found it to be bilateral. A previous neurocomputational model has proposed a unified framework to explain that the above discrepancy might be from healthy and patient individuals. This model posits an initial symmetry but imbalanced capacity in language processing for healthy individuals, with this imbalance contributing to language recovery disparities following different hemispheric injuries. The present study investigated this model by analyzing the lateralization patterns of language subnetworks across multiple attributes with a group of 99 patients (compared to nonlanguage processing) and examining the lateralization patterns of language subnetworks in subgroups with damage to different hemispheres. Subnetworks were identified using a whole-brain network-based lesion-symptom mapping method, and the lateralization index was quantitatively measured. We found that all the subnetworks in language processing were left-lateralized, while subnetworks in nonlanguage processing had different lateralization patterns. Moreover, diverse hemisphere-injury subgroups exhibited distinct language recovery effects. These findings provide robust support for the proposed neurocomputational model of language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Luping Song
- Shenzhen Sixth People's Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Chongjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Yuquan Campus, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zaizhu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Tsuchiyagaito A, Misaki M, Cochran G, Philip NS, Paulus MP, Guinjoan SM. Thalamo-cortical circuits associated with trait- and state-repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:184-192. [PMID: 37913745 PMCID: PMC10872862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive negative thinking (RNT), often referred to as rumination in the mood disorders literature, is a symptom dimension associated with poor prognosis and suicide in major depressive disorder (MDD). Given the transdiagnostic nature of RNT, this study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that neurobiological substrates of RNT in MDD may share the brain mechanisms underlying obsessions, particularly those involving cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuits. METHODS Thirty-nine individuals with MDD underwent RNT induction during fMRI. Trait-RNT was measured by the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) and state-RNT was measured by a visual analogue scale. We employed a connectome-wide association analysis examining the association between RNT intensity with striatal and thalamic connectivity. RESULTS A greater RRS score was associated with hyperconnectivity of the right mediodorsal thalamus with prefrontal cortex, including lateral orbitofrontal cortex, along with Wernicke's area and posterior default mode network nodes (t = 4.66-6.70). A greater state-RNT score was associated with hyperconnectivity of the right laterodorsal thalamus with bilateral primary sensory and motor cortices, supplementary motor area, and Broca's area (t = 4.51-6.57). Unexpectedly, there were no significant findings related to the striatum. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest RNT in MDD is subserved by abnormal connectivity between right thalamic nuclei and cortical regions involved in both visceral and higher order cognitive processing. Emerging deep-brain neuromodulation methods may be useful to establish causal relationships between dysfunction of right thalamic-cortical circuits and RNT in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Tsuchiyagaito
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Masaya Misaki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Gabe Cochran
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Noah S Philip
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center at Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA; Laureate Psychiatric Hospital and Clinic, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Abbott N, Love T. Bridging the Divide: Brain and Behavior in Developmental Language Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1606. [PMID: 38002565 PMCID: PMC10670267 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a child's ability to comprehend and/or produce spoken and/or written language, yet it cannot be attributed to hearing loss or overt neurological damage. It is widely believed that some combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors influences brain and language development in this population, but it has been difficult to bridge theoretical accounts of DLD with neuroimaging findings, due to heterogeneity in language impairment profiles across individuals and inconsistent neuroimaging findings. Therefore, the purpose of this overview is two-fold: (1) to summarize the neuroimaging literature (while drawing on findings from other language-impaired populations, where appropriate); and (2) to briefly review the theoretical accounts of language impairment patterns in DLD, with the goal of bridging the disparate findings. As will be demonstrated with this overview, the current state of the field suggests that children with DLD have atypical brain volume, laterality, and activation/connectivity patterns in key language regions that likely contribute to language difficulties. However, the precise nature of these differences and the underlying neural mechanisms contributing to them remain an open area of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Abbott
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Tracy Love
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Liu Y, Gao C, Wang P, Friederici AD, Zaccarella E, Chen L. Exploring the neurobiology of Merge at a basic level: insights from a novel artificial grammar paradigm. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1151518. [PMID: 37287773 PMCID: PMC10242141 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1151518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human language allows us to generate an infinite number of linguistic expressions. It's proposed that this competence is based on a binary syntactic operation, Merge, combining two elements to form a new constituent. An increasing number of recent studies have shifted from complex syntactic structures to two-word constructions to investigate the neural representation of this operation at the most basic level. Methods This fMRI study aimed to develop a highly flexible artificial grammar paradigm for testing the neurobiology of human syntax at a basic level. During scanning, participants had to apply abstract syntactic rules to assess whether a given two-word artificial phrase could be further merged with a third word. To control for lower-level template-matching and working memory strategies, an additional non-mergeable word-list task was set up. Results Behavioral data indicated that participants complied with the experiment. Whole brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses were performed under the contrast of "structure > word-list." Whole brain analysis confirmed significant involvement of the posterior inferior frontal gyrus [pIFG, corresponding to Brodmann area (BA) 44]. Furthermore, both the signal intensity in Broca's area and the behavioral performance showed significant correlations with natural language performance in the same participants. ROI analysis within the language atlas and anatomically defined Broca's area revealed that only the pIFG was reliably activated. Discussion Taken together, these results support the notion that Broca's area, particularly BA 44, works as a combinatorial engine where words are merged together according to syntactic information. Furthermore, this study suggests that the present artificial grammar may serve as promising material for investigating the neurobiological basis of syntax, fostering future cross-species studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Gao
- School of Global Education and Development, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Method and Development Group (MEG and Cortical Networks), Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angela D. Friederici
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emiliano Zaccarella
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luyao Chen
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Educational System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Liu H, Guo Z, Jiang Y, Schwieter JW, Wang F. Neural circuits underlying language control and modality control in bilinguals: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2023; 178:108430. [PMID: 36460081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human communication not only involves the need to switch between the modalities of speaking and listening, but for bilinguals, it can also involve switching between languages. It is unknown as to whether modality and language switching share underlying control mechanisms or whether one type of switching affects control processes involved in the other. The present study uses behavioral and fMRI measures to examine neural circuits of control during communicative situations that required Chinese-English bilinguals to switch between modalities and their two languages according to associated color cues. The results showed that for both language and modality control, similar brain regions were recruited during speech production and comprehension. For modality control, the specific control processes partly depended on the corresponding modality. Finally, switching between modalities appears to exert more influence on language control in production compared to comprehension. These findings offer a first detailed characterization of the neural bases involved in control mechanisms in bilingual communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China.
| | - Zibin Guo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Yishan Jiang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - John W Schwieter
- Language Acquisition, Cognition, And Multilingualism Laboratory / Bilingualism Matters @ Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada; Department of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fenqi Wang
- Department of Linguistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Becker R, Hervais-Adelman A. Individual theta-band cortical entrainment to speech in quiet predicts word-in-noise comprehension. Cereb Cortex Commun 2023; 4:tgad001. [PMID: 36726796 PMCID: PMC9883620 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Speech elicits brain activity time-locked to its amplitude envelope. The resulting speech-brain synchrony (SBS) is thought to be crucial to speech parsing and comprehension. It has been shown that higher speech-brain coherence is associated with increased speech intelligibility. However, studies depending on the experimental manipulation of speech stimuli do not allow conclusion about the causality of the observed tracking. Here, we investigate whether individual differences in the intrinsic propensity to track the speech envelope when listening to speech-in-quiet is predictive of individual differences in speech-recognition-in-noise, in an independent task. We evaluated the cerebral tracking of speech in source-localized magnetoencephalography, at timescales corresponding to the phrases, words, syllables and phonemes. We found that individual differences in syllabic tracking in right superior temporal gyrus and in left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) were positively associated with recognition accuracy in an independent words-in-noise task. Furthermore, directed connectivity analysis showed that this relationship is partially mediated by top-down connectivity from premotor cortex-associated with speech processing and active sensing in the auditory domain-to left MTG. Thus, the extent of SBS-even during clear speech-reflects an active mechanism of the speech processing system that may confer resilience to noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Becker
- Corresponding author: Neurolinguistics, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Alexis Hervais-Adelman
- Neurolinguistics, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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Rohringer CR, Sewell IJ, Gandhi S, Isen J, Davidson B, McSweeney M, Swardfager W, Scantlebury N, Swartz RH, Hamani C, Giacobbe P, Nestor SM, Yunusova Y, Lam B, Schwartz ML, Lipsman N, Abrahao A, Rabin JS. Cognitive effects of unilateral thalamotomy for tremor: a meta-analysis. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac287. [PMID: 36440102 PMCID: PMC9683603 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tremor is a debilitating symptom that can lead to functional impairment. Pharmacotherapy is often successful, but up to 50% of patients are resistant to medications or cannot tolerate side effects. Thalamotomy to the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus is a surgical intervention for refractory tremor. Thalamotomy surgeries include radiofrequency and incisionless procedures, such as Gamma Knife radiosurgery and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound. Cognitive changes following thalamotomy have been inconsistently reported across studies. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the impact of unilateral thalamotomy to the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus across multiple cognitive domains. We searched MEDLINE, Embase Classic, Embase and EBM Reviews for relevant studies. Neuropsychological tests were categorized into seven cognitive domains: global cognition, verbal memory, non-verbal memory, executive function, phonemic fluency, semantic fluency and visuospatial processing. We calculated standardized mean differences as Hedges' g and 95% confidence intervals of the change between pre- and postoperative cognitive scores. Pooling of standardized mean differences across studies was performed using random-effects models. Risk of bias across studies and quality of evidence for each cognitive domain were assessed with the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool and the GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool, respectively. Of the 1251 records reviewed, eight studies met inclusion criteria. We included 193 patients with essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis in the meta-analysis. There was a small significant decline in phonemic fluency [standardized mean difference = -0.29, 95% confidence interval: (-0.52, -0.05), P = 0.017] and a trend towards a decline in semantic fluency [standardized mean difference = -0.19, 95% confidence interval: (-0.40, 0.01), P = 0.056]. No postoperative changes were observed in the other cognitive domains (P values >0.14). In secondary analyses, we restricted the analyses to studies using magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound given its growing popularity and more precise targeting. In those analyses, there was no evidence of cognitive decline across any domain (P values >0.37). In terms of risk of bias, five studies were rated as 'good' and three studies were rated as 'fair'. According to GRADEpro guidelines, the certainty of the effect for all cognitive domains was low. This study provides evidence that unilateral thalamotomy to the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus is relatively safe from a cognitive standpoint, however, there may be a small decline in verbal fluency. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound might have a more favourable postoperative cognitive profile compared with other thalamotomy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camryn R Rohringer
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Isabella J Sewell
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Shikha Gandhi
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jonah Isen
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Benjamin Davidson
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Melissa McSweeney
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nadia Scantlebury
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Richard H Swartz
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Sean M Nestor
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Yana Yunusova
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Benjamin Lam
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Michael L Schwartz
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Agessandro Abrahao
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
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12
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Cheng L, Zhan L, Huang L, Zhang H, Sun J, Huang G, Wang Y, Li M, Li H, Gao Y, Jia X. The atypical functional connectivity of Broca's area at multiple frequency bands in autism spectrum disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2627-2636. [PMID: 36163448 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a developmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has drawn much attention due to its severe impacts on one's language capacity. Broca's area, an important brain region of the language network, is largely involved in language-related functions. Using the Autism Brain Image Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset, a mega-analysis was performed involving a total of 1454 participants (including 618 individuals with ASD and 836 healthy controls (HCs). To detect the neural pathophysiological mechanism of ASD from the perspective of language, we conducted a functional connectivity (FC) analysis with Broca's area as the seed in multiple frequency bands (conventional: 0.01-0.08 Hz; slow-4: 0.027-0.073 Hz; slow-5: 0.01-0.027 Hz). We found that compared with HC, ASD patients demonstrated increased FC in the left thalamus, left precuneus, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and left medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus in the conventional frequency band (0.01-0.08 Hz). The results of the slow-5 frequency band (0.01-0.027 Hz) presented increased FC values of the left precuneus, left medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus, right medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus and right thalamus. No significant cluster was detected in the slow-4 frequency band (0.027-0.073 Hz). In conclusion, the abnormal functional connectivity in patients with ASD has frequency-specific properties. Furthermore, the slow-5 frequency band (0.01-0.027 Hz) mainly contributed to the findings of the conventional frequency band (0.01-0.08 Hz). The current study might shed new light on the neural pathophysiological mechanism of language impairments in people with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cheng
- School of Foreign Studies, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.,Shanghai Center for Research in English Language Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Zhan
- Faculty of Western Languages, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Huang
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Guofeng Huang
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yadan Wang
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Mengting Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Huayun Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China. .,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Xize Jia
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China. .,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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13
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Wei Y, Han S, Chen J, Wang C, Wang W, Li H, Song X, Xue K, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Abnormal interhemispheric and intrahemispheric functional connectivity dynamics in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4347-4358. [PMID: 35611547 PMCID: PMC9435010 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies indicate altered static local and long‐range functional connectivity of multiple brain regions in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). However, the temporal dynamics of interhemispheric and intrahemispheric functional connectivity patterns remain unknown in schizophrenia patients with AVHs. We analyzed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data for drug‐naïve first‐episode schizophrenia patients, 50 with AVHs and 50 without AVH (NAVH), and 50 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Whole‐brain functional connectivity was decomposed into ipsilateral and contralateral parts, and sliding‐window analysis was used to calculate voxel‐wise interhemispheric and intrahemispheric dynamic functional connectivity density (dFCD). Finally, the correlation analysis was performed between abnormal dFCD variance and clinical measures in the AVH and NAVH groups. Compared with the NAVH group and healthy controls, the AVH group showed weaker interhemispheric dFCD variability in the left middle temporal gyrus (p < .01; p < .001), as well as stronger interhemispheric dFCD variability in the right thalamus (p < .001; p < .001) and right inferior temporal gyrus (p < .01; p < .001) and stronger intrahemispheric dFCD variability in the left inferior frontal gyrus (p < .001; p < .01). Moreover, abnormal contralateral dFCD variability of the left middle temporal gyrus correlated with the severity of AVHs in the AVH group (r = −.319, p = .024). The findings demonstrate that abnormal temporal variability of interhemispheric and intrahemispheric dFCD in schizophrenia patients with AVHs mainly focus on the temporal and frontal cortices and thalamus that are pivotal components of auditory and language pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangkang Xue
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Klostermann F, Ehlen F, Tiedt HO. Effects of thalamic and basal ganglia deep brain stimulation on language-related functions - Conceptual and clinical considerations. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 37:75-81. [PMID: 35149269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a therapy for various neurological movement disorders. It acts predominantly on motor symptoms, but may unfold a number of mostly subtle cognitive effects. In this regard, reports on particular language-related DBS sequels are comparably frequent, but difficult to overlook, given the heterogeneity of targeted structures in the brain, treated diseases, assessment methods and results reported. Accordingly, available knowledge was organized with respect to important aspects, such as the main DBS loci and surgical versus neuromodulatory therapy actions. Current views of biolinguistic underpinnings of the reviewed data, their clinical relevance and potential implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Klostermann
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Clinic for Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Germany.
| | - Felicitas Ehlen
- Jewish Hospital Berlin, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Hannes Ole Tiedt
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Clinic for Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany
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15
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Fritsch M, Rangus I, Nolte CH. Thalamic Aphasia: a Review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022; 22:855-865. [PMID: 36383308 PMCID: PMC9750901 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-022-01242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Thalamic aphasia is a rare language disorder resulting from lesions to the thalamus. While most patients exhibit mild symptoms with a predominance of lexical-semantic difficulties, variations in phenotype have been described. Overall, the exact mechanisms of thalamic aphasia await empirical research. The article reviews recent findings regarding phenotypes and possible underlying mechanisms of thalamic aphasia. RECENT FINDINGS Variations in phenotype of thalamic aphasia may be related to different lesion locations. Overall, the thalamus' role in language is thought to be due to its involvement in cortico-thalamic language networks with lesioning of certain nuclei resulting in the diachisis of otherwise interconnected areas. Its possible monitoring function in such a network might be due to its different cellular firing modes. However, no specific evidence has been collected to date. While recent findings show a more distinct understanding of thalamic aphasia phenotypes and possible underlying mechanisms, further research is needed. Additionally, as standard language testing might oftentimes not pick up on its subtle symptoms, thalamic aphasia might be underdiagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Fritsch
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ida Rangus
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H. Nolte
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Chrabaszcz A, Wang D, Lipski W, Bush A, Crammond D, Shaiman S, Dickey M, Holt L, Turner R, Fiez J, Richardson R. Simultaneously recorded subthalamic and cortical LFPs reveal different lexicality effects during reading aloud. JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS 2021; 60:101019. [PMID: 34305315 PMCID: PMC8294107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2021.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Many language functions are traditionally assigned to cortical brain areas, leaving the contributions of subcortical structures to language processing largely unspecified. The present study examines a potential role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in lexical processing, specifically, reading aloud of words (e.g., 'fate') and pseudowords (e.g., 'fape'). We recorded local field potentials simultaneously from the STN and the cortex (precentral, postcentral, and superior temporal gyri) of 13 people with Parkinson's disease undergoing awake deep brain stimulation and compared STN's lexicality-related neural activity with that of the cortex. Both STN and cortical activity demonstrated significant task-related modulations, but the lexicality effects were different in the two brain structures. In the STN, an increase in gamma band activity (31-70 Hz) was present in pseudoword trials compared to word trials during subjects' spoken response. In the cortex, a greater decrease in beta band activity (12-30 Hz) was observed for pseudowords in the precentral gyrus. Additionally, 11 individual cortical sites showed lexicality effects with varying temporal and topographic characteristics in the alpha and beta frequency bands. These findings suggest that the STN and the sampled cortical regions are involved differently in the processing of lexical distinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Chrabaszcz
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA, 15213
| | - D. Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA, 15213
| | - W.J. Lipski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA, 15213
| | - A. Bush
- Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA, 02114
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, 02115
| | - D.J. Crammond
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA, 15213
| | - S. Shaiman
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA, 15213
| | - M.W. Dickey
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA, 15213
| | - L.L. Holt
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA, 15213
| | - R.S. Turner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA, 15213
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, USA, 15213
| | - J.A. Fiez
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA, 15213
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA, 15213
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, USA, 15213
| | - R.M. Richardson
- Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA, 02114
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, 02115
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17
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Li M, Song L, Zhang Y, Han Z. White matter network of oral word reading identified by network-based lesion-symptom mapping. iScience 2021; 24:102862. [PMID: 34386727 PMCID: PMC8346667 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral word reading is supported by a neural subnetwork that includes gray matter regions and white matter tracts connected by the regions. Traditional methods typically determine the reading-relevant focal gray matter regions or white matter tracts rather than the reading-relevant global subnetwork. The present study developed a network-based lesion-symptom mapping (NLSM) method to identify the reading-relevant global white matter subnetwork in 84 brain-damaged patients. The global subnetwork was selected among all possible subnetworks because its global efficiency exhibited the best explanatory power for patients' reading scores. This reading subnetwork was left lateralized and included 7 gray matter regions and 15 white matter tracts. Moreover, the reading subnetwork had additional explanatory power for the patients' reading performance after eliminating the effects of reading-related local regions and tracts. These findings refine the reading neuroanatomical architecture and indicate that the NLSM can be a better method for revealing behavior-specific subnetworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Luping Song
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Zaizhu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Corresponding author
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18
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Brinkmann P, Kotz SA, Smit JV, Janssen MLF, Schwartze M. Auditory thalamus dysfunction and pathophysiology in tinnitus: a predictive network hypothesis. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1659-1676. [PMID: 33934235 PMCID: PMC8203542 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus is the perception of a 'ringing' sound without an acoustic source. It is generally accepted that tinnitus develops after peripheral hearing loss and is associated with altered auditory processing. The thalamus is a crucial relay in the underlying pathways that actively shapes processing of auditory signals before the respective information reaches the cerebral cortex. Here, we review animal and human evidence to define thalamic function in tinnitus. Overall increased spontaneous firing patterns and altered coherence between the thalamic medial geniculate body (MGB) and auditory cortices is observed in animal models of tinnitus. It is likely that the functional connectivity between the MGB and primary and secondary auditory cortices is reduced in humans. Conversely, there are indications for increased connectivity between the MGB and several areas in the cingulate cortex and posterior cerebellar regions, as well as variability in connectivity between the MGB and frontal areas regarding laterality and orientation in the inferior, medial and superior frontal gyrus. We suggest that these changes affect adaptive sensory gating of temporal and spectral sound features along the auditory pathway, reflecting dysfunction in an extensive thalamo-cortical network implicated in predictive temporal adaptation to the auditory environment. Modulation of temporal characteristics of input signals might hence factor into a thalamo-cortical dysrhythmia profile of tinnitus, but could ultimately also establish new directions for treatment options for persons with tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Brinkmann
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jasper V Smit
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat/Head and Neck Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard/Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus L F Janssen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Schwartze
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Neurophysiological basis of the N400 deflection, from Mismatch Negativity to Semantic Prediction Potentials and late positive components. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 166:134-150. [PMID: 34097935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first theoretical model on the neurophysiological basis of the N400: the deflection reflects layer I dendritic plateaus on a preparatory state of synaptic integration that precedes layer V somatic burst firing for conscious identification of the higher-order features of the stimulus (a late positive shift). Plateaus ensue from apical disinhibition by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive interneurons (VIPs) through suppression of Martinotti cells, opening the gates for glutamatergic feedback to trigger dendritic regenerative potentials. Cholinergic transients contribute to these dynamics directly, holding a central role in the N400 deflection. The stereotypical timing of the (frontal) glutamatergic feedback and the accompanying cholinergic transients account for the enigmatic "invariability" of the peak latency in the face of a gamut of different stimuli and paradigms. The theoretical postulations presented here may bring about unprecedented level of detail for the N400 deflection to be used in the study of schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and other higher-order pathologies. The substrates of a late positive component, the Mismatch Negativity and the Semantic Prediction Potentials are also surveyed.
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20
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Álvarez CG, Torres Morales F, Culcay LC, Bascuñán Vidal JA. Cavernomas cerebrales en la infancia y desarrollo atípico de la comunicación y el lenguaje. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN LOGOPEDIA 2021. [DOI: 10.5209/rlog.70738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Los cavernomas cerebrales corresponden a malformaciones vasculares del sistema nervioso central, con baja prevalencia en la población pediátrica. Estas malformaciones pueden aparecer como lesiones únicas o múltiples. La manifestación sintomatológica de los cavernomas se ha asociado, principalmente, a la ubicación topográfica de las lesiones. En este artículo se reportan las habilidades de comunicación y lenguaje de un niño de 3 años 10 meses, diagnosticado con cavernomatosis cerebral múltiple, y se discute la posible relación entre las habilidades evidenciadas y el cuadro neurológico de base. La indagatoria se efectuó mediante la aplicación de los siguientes tres procedimientos: 1. compilación y análisis de antecedentes clínicos en ficha médica, 2. elaboración y análisis de muestra naturalista de comunicación y lenguaje, 3. aplicación y análisis de instrumento Inventario de Desarrollo Comunicativo MacArthur. El análisis cualitativo de los antecedentes recabados permite sugerir una asociación entre las habilidades atípicas de comunicación y lenguaje observadas y el diagnóstico de cavernomatosis cerebral múltiple, en particular, debido a la ubicación topográfica de las lesiones. A nuestro entender, este artículo representa la primera descripción de habilidades atípicas de comunicación y lenguaje, asociadas al diagnóstico de cavernomatosis cerebral múltiple en edad pediátrica.
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21
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Wang D, Jorge A, Lipski WJ, Kratter IH, Henry LC, Richardson RM. Lateralized Effect of Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Location on Verbal Abstraction. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1843-1852. [PMID: 33818819 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regionalized thalamic activity has been implicated in language function, and yet the effect of thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) on language-related clinical outcomes is underexplored. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if the location of stimulation within the thalamus correlates with changes in language-related neuropsychological outcomes following DBS for essential tremor. METHODS Thirty patients with essential tremor underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations before and after DBS surgery targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus. Changes in neuropsychological functions were evaluated. The relationships between language-related outcomes and stimulation location were assessed using both categorical and linear methods. Any significant results were further validated using linear discriminant analysis. RESULTS Most neuropsychological functions remained unchanged at the group level. However, outcome on a measure of verbal abstraction was significantly dependent on stimulation location along the anterior-posterior axis within the left ventral lateral thalamus, with anterior stimulation associated with reduced verbal abstraction performance. This result was supported by linear discriminant analysis, which showed that stimulation locations with improved and reduced verbal abstraction function were best separated by a vector nearly parallel to the anterior-posterior axis. No stimulation location dependence was found for verbal abstraction outcome in the right thalamus or for outcomes of other language functions in either hemisphere. CONCLUSION We demonstrate an effect of thalamic DBS on verbal abstraction as a function of left thalamic topography. This finding provides clinical evidence for the lateralization and regionalization of thalamic language function that may be relevant for understanding nonmotor effects of stimulation. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyu Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ahmed Jorge
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Witold J Lipski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian H Kratter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Luke C Henry
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Li W, Kutas M, Gray JA, Hagerman RH, Olichney JM. The Role of Glutamate in Language and Language Disorders - Evidence from ERP and Pharmacologic Studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:217-241. [PMID: 33039453 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current models of language processing do not address mechanisms at the neurotransmitter level, nor how pharmacologic agents may improve language function(s) in seemingly disparate disorders. L-Glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain, is extensively involved in various higher cortical functions. We postulate that the physiologic role of L-Glutamate neurotransmission extends to the regulation of language access, comprehension, and production, and that disorders in glutamatergic transmission and circuitry contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and sporadic-onset language disorders such as the aphasic stroke syndromes. We start with a review of basic science data pertaining to various glutamate receptors in the CNS and ways that they may influence the physiological processes of language access and comprehension. We then focus on the dysregulation of glutamate neurotransmission in three conditions in which language dysfunction is prominent: Alzheimer's Disease, Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome, and Aphasic Stroke Syndromes. Finally, we review the pharmacologic and electrophysiologic (event related brain potential or ERP) data pertaining to the role glutamate neurotransmission plays in language processing and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3700, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Marta Kutas
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0515, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - John A Gray
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3700, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
| | - Randi H Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - John M Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3700, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
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23
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Niego A, Benítez-Burraco A. Autism and Williams syndrome: Dissimilar socio-cognitive profiles with similar patterns of abnormal gene expression in the blood. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020; 25:464-489. [PMID: 33143449 DOI: 10.1177/1362361320965074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome are complex cognitive conditions exhibiting quite opposite features in the social domain: whereas people with autism spectrum disorders are mostly hyposocial, subjects with Williams syndrome are usually reported as hypersocial. At the same time, autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome share some common underlying behavioral and cognitive deficits. It is not clear, however, which genes account for the attested differences (and similarities) in the socio-cognitive domain. In this article, we adopted a comparative molecular approach and looked for genes that might be differentially (or similarly) regulated in the blood of people with these conditions. We found a significant overlap between genes dysregulated in the blood of patients compared to neurotypical controls, with most of them being upregulated or, in some cases, downregulated. Still, genes with similar expression trends can exhibit quantitative differences between conditions, with most of them being more dysregulated in Williams syndrome than in autism spectrum disorders. Differentially expressed genes are involved in aspects of brain development and function (particularly dendritogenesis) and are expressed in brain areas (particularly the cerebellum, the thalamus, and the striatum) of relevance for the autism spectrum disorder and the Williams syndrome etiopathogenesis. Overall, these genes emerge as promising candidates for the similarities and differences between the autism spectrum disorder and the Williams syndrome socio-cognitive profiles.
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24
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Kubota M, Matsuzaki J, Dan I, Dan H, Zouridakis G. Head errors of syntactic dependency increase neuromagnetic mismatch intensities. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2137-2160. [PMID: 32661653 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch-related brain activation in healthy individuals is an important area of neural investigation. Previously, we evaluated sentence-level syntactic dependencies, composed of a head and a dependent between two syntactically related words in head-initial English structures. We demonstrated that prominent mismatch effects were induced by within-category dependent errors when semantic interpretation was preserved. However, the following issues were not addressed: (1) whether head errors of syntactic dependency in head-final structures would elicit large mismatch field (MMF) intensities, and (2) whether an MMF effect of syntactic errors would be seen in the left superior temporal cortex alone. In this study, auditory MMFs were obtained by magnetocephalography (MEG) from healthy Japanese adults (n = 8) who were subjected to a passive auditory oddball paradigm with syntactically legal or illegal utterances and single words in Japanese. The results demonstrate that the source waveforms had significantly higher MMF cortical activation in response to the head error, which involved altered polarity of the predicate. This resulted in a syntactically incorrect and semantically incomprehensible expression, when compared to the syntactically correct expression and the non-structural lexical item. This mismatch effect, with a peak latency of 164 ms, was confined to the anterior region of the left superior temporal cortex. The current results clearly indicate that the representation of syntactic dependency is stored in long-term memory and tends to be activated in automatic auditory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Kubota
- Department of English, Seijo University, 6-1-20, Seijo, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8511, Japan.
- Functional Brain Science Lab, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Functional Brain Science Lab, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Integrated Sciences and Engineering for Sustainable Society, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Dan
- Functional Brain Science Lab, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - George Zouridakis
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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Benischek A, Long X, Rohr CS, Bray S, Dewey D, Lebel C. Pre-reading language abilities and the brain’s functional reading network in young children. Neuroimage 2020; 217:116903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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26
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Local and whole-network topologies reveal that pulvinar and semantic hub interactions correlate with picture vocabulary. Neuroreport 2020; 31:590-596. [PMID: 32366811 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from cognitive neuroscience indicates that subcortical regions, especially the pulvinar region of the thalamus, are involved in semantic processing. In the current study, graph-based methods were used to investigate whether a cortical-subcortical network is involved in vocabulary processing. In addition to traditional resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis between local brain areas, we applied a novel method to validate the interaction between semantic network hubs and the pulvinar. Unlike the traditional rsFC, the new metrics assessed rsFC pattern similarity (rsFCS), which was calculated with a cosine similarity algorithm based on whole-network topological information. We also applied a support vector regression program based on left pulvinar connectivity patterns. A brain-behavior analysis was conducted based on 100 randomly selected unrelated participants from the Human Connectome Project S1200 database. After controlling for the visuospatial and attention test scores, the rsFC between the left middle temporal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, and left pulvinar was significantly positively correlated with age-adjusted picture vocabulary scores. Similar results were confirmed based on the new rsFCS analysis. The support vector regression procedures also showed a clearly relationship between picture vocabulary scores and left pulvinar-related rsFCs. Our study verified a role for a subcortical-cortical network in vocabulary processing that is based on local and whole-network topologies.
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27
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Wu J, Yang J, Chen M, Li S, Zhang Z, Kang C, Ding G, Guo T. Brain network reconfiguration for language and domain-general cognitive control in bilinguals. Neuroimage 2019; 199:454-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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28
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Fritsch M, Krause T, Klostermann F, Villringer K, Ihrke M, Nolte CH. “Thalamic aphasia” after stroke is associated with left anterior lesion location. J Neurol 2019; 267:106-112. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Benítez-Burraco A, Kimura R. Robust Candidates for Language Development and Evolution Are Significantly Dysregulated in the Blood of People With Williams Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:258. [PMID: 30971880 PMCID: PMC6444191 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a clinical condition, involving cognitive deficits and an uneven language profile, which has been the object of intense inquiry over the last decades. Although WS results from the hemideletion of around two dozen genes in chromosome 7, no gene has yet been probed to account for, or contribute significantly to, the language problems exhibited by the affected people. In this paper we have relied on gene expression profiles in the peripheral blood of WS patients obtained by microarray analysis and show that several robust candidates for language disorders and/or for language evolution in the species, all of them located outside the hemideleted region, are up- or downregulated in the blood of subjects with WS. Most of these genes play a role in the development and function of brain areas involved in language processing, which exhibit structural and functional anomalies in people with this condition. Overall, these genes emerge as robust candidates for language dysfunction in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature (Linguistics), Faculty of Philology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ryo Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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30
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Murphy E, Benítez-Burraco A. Toward the Language Oscillogenome. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1999. [PMID: 30405489 PMCID: PMC6206218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Language has been argued to arise, both ontogenetically and phylogenetically, from specific patterns of brain wiring. We argue that it can further be shown that core features of language processing emerge from particular phasal and cross-frequency coupling properties of neural oscillations; what has been referred to as the language ‘oscillome.’ It is expected that basic aspects of the language oscillome result from genetic guidance, what we will here call the language ‘oscillogenome,’ for which we will put forward a list of candidate genes. We have considered genes for altered brain rhythmicity in conditions involving language deficits: autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, specific language impairment and dyslexia. These selected genes map on to aspects of brain function, particularly on to neurotransmitter function. We stress that caution should be adopted in the construction of any oscillogenome, given the range of potential roles particular localized frequency bands have in cognition. Our aim is to propose a set of genome-to-language linking hypotheses that, given testing, would grant explanatory power to brain rhythms with respect to language processing and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Murphy
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish Language, Linguistics and Literary Theory, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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31
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Eisinger RS, Urdaneta ME, Foote KD, Okun MS, Gunduz A. Non-motor Characterization of the Basal Ganglia: Evidence From Human and Non-human Primate Electrophysiology. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:385. [PMID: 30026679 PMCID: PMC6041403 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the basal ganglia have been implicated in a growing list of human behaviors, they include some of the least understood nuclei in the brain. For several decades studies have employed numerous methodologies to uncover evidence pointing to the basal ganglia as a hub of both motor and non-motor function. Recently, new electrophysiological characterization of the basal ganglia in humans has become possible through direct access to these deep structures as part of routine neurosurgery. Electrophysiological approaches for identifying non-motor function have the potential to unlock a deeper understanding of pathways that may inform clinical interventions and particularly neuromodulation. Various electrophysiological modalities can also be combined to reveal functional connections between the basal ganglia and traditional structures throughout the neocortex that have been linked to non-motor behavior. Several reviews have previously summarized evidence for non-motor function in the basal ganglia stemming from behavioral, clinical, computational, imaging, and non-primate animal studies; in this review, instead we turn to electrophysiological studies of non-human primates and humans. We begin by introducing common electrophysiological methodologies for basal ganglia investigation, and then we discuss studies across numerous non-motor domains–emotion, response inhibition, conflict, decision-making, error-detection and surprise, reward processing, language, and time processing. We discuss the limitations of current approaches and highlight the current state of the information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Eisinger
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Morgan E Urdaneta
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kelly D Foote
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael S Okun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aysegul Gunduz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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32
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Pu Y, Cheyne DO, Cornwell BR, Johnson BW. Non-invasive Investigation of Human Hippocampal Rhythms Using Magnetoencephalography: A Review. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:273. [PMID: 29755314 PMCID: PMC5932174 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal rhythms are believed to support crucial cognitive processes including memory, navigation, and language. Due to the location of the hippocampus deep in the brain, studying hippocampal rhythms using non-invasive magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings has generally been assumed to be methodologically challenging. However, with the advent of whole-head MEG systems in the 1990s and development of advanced source localization techniques, simulation and empirical studies have provided evidence that human hippocampal signals can be sensed by MEG and reliably reconstructed by source localization algorithms. This paper systematically reviews simulation studies and empirical evidence of the current capacities and limitations of MEG “deep source imaging” of the human hippocampus. Overall, these studies confirm that MEG provides a unique avenue to investigate human hippocampal rhythms in cognition, and can bridge the gap between animal studies and human hippocampal research, as well as elucidate the functional role and the behavioral correlates of human hippocampal oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas O Cheyne
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian R Cornwell
- Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Blake W Johnson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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33
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Kubota M, Ono Y, Ishiyama A, Zouridakis G, Papanicolaou AC. Magnetoencephalography Reveals Mismatch Field Enhancement from Unexpected Syntactic Category Errors in English Sentences. Neurosci Lett 2018; 662:195-204. [PMID: 28847487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The type of syntactic operations that increase neuronal activation in humans as a result of syntactically erroneous, unexpected lexical items in hearing sentences has remained unclear. In the present study, we used recordings of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity to compare bare infinitive and full infinitive constructions in English. This research aims to identify the type of syntactic deviance that may trigger an early syntax-related mismatch field (MMF) component when unexpected words appear in sentences. Six speakers of English as a first language were presented with auditory stimuli of sentences or words in a passive odd-ball paradigm while watching a silent movie. The experimental protocol included four sessions, specifically investigating the sentential (structural) versions of full (with the 'to' infinitival particle) and bare infinitival structures (without the particle) and the lexical (non-structure) versions of the verb either with or without the particle to determine whether the structure processing of sentences was a more crucial factor in the detection of the MMF than the simple processing of lexical items in verb-only conditions. The amplitude analysis of the resulting evoked fields showed that the presence of the syntactic category error of bare infinitival structures against syntactic predictions evoked a significantly larger MMF activation with a peak latency of approximately 200ms in the anterior superior temporal sulci in the left hemisphere, compared with the lexical items that did not have any syntactic status. These results clearly demonstrate that syntactically unexpected, illegal input in the bare infinitival structure is likely to be noticed more robustly in the brain while processing the structural information of the entire sentence than the corresponding verb-only items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Kubota
- Department of English, Seijo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Children's Learning Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yumie Ono
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Kanagawa Dental College, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishiyama
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - George Zouridakis
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C Papanicolaou
- Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Children's Learning Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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34
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Overcoming duality: the fused bousfieldian function for modeling word production in verbal fluency tasks. Psychon Bull Rev 2017; 23:1354-1373. [PMID: 26715583 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-015-0987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Word production is generally assumed to occur as a function of a broadly interconnected language system. In terms of verbal fluency tasks, word production dynamics can be assessed by analyzing respective time courses via curve fitting. Here, a new generalized fitting function is presented by merging the two dichotomous classical Bousfieldian functions into one overarching power function with an adjustable shape parameter. When applied to empirical data from verbal fluency tasks, the error of approximation was significantly reduced while also fulfilling the Bayesian information criterion, suggesting a superior overall application value. Moreover, the approach identified a previously unknown logarithmic time course, providing further evidence of an underlying lexical network structure. In view of theories on lexical access, the corresponding modeling differentiates task-immanent lexical suppression from automatic lexical coactivation. In conclusion, our approach indicates that process dynamics result from an increasing cognitive effort to suppress automatic network functions.
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35
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Söderström P, Horne M, Mannfolk P, van Westen D, Roll M. Tone-grammar association within words: Concurrent ERP and fMRI show rapid neural pre-activation and involvement of left inferior frontal gyrus in pseudoword processing. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 174:119-126. [PMID: 28850882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using a concurrent ERP/fMRI paradigm, we investigated how listeners take advantage of morphologically relevant tonal information at the beginning of words to predict and pre-activate likely word endings. More predictive, low tone word stems gave rise to a 'pre-activation negativity' (PrAN) in the ERPs, a brain potential which has previously been found to increase along with the degree of predictive certainty as regards how a word is going to end. It is suggested that more predictive, low tone stems lead to rapid access to word endings with processing subserved by the left primary auditory cortex as well as the supramarginal gyrus, while high tone stems - which are less predictive - decrease predictive certainty, leading to increased competition between activated word endings, which needs to be resolved by the left inferior frontal gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelle Söderström
- Department of Linguistics, Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Box 201, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Merle Horne
- Department of Linguistics, Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Box 201, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Peter Mannfolk
- Skane University Hospital, Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Roll
- Department of Linguistics, Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Box 201, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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36
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Neurological evaluation of the selection stage of metaphor comprehension in individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder. Neuroscience 2017; 361:19-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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37
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Kim DH, Kyeong S, Ahn SJ, Park YG. The pulvinar nucleus is associated with the presence of dysarthria in patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage. Neurosci Lett 2017; 655:131-136. [PMID: 28687237 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysarthria is a frequent symptom in patients with stroke. The anatomical structures responsible for dysarthria have been reported in patients with lacunar infarcts, but the related lesions in patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage (BGH) have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to identify associations between the lesion location and the presence/absence of dysarthria in patients with BGH using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analyses. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 26 patients with acute BGH (mean age, 54.0 years; men:women, 14:12) who underwent conservative management. The patients were classified into groups based on the presence or absence of dysarthria at the time of admission, which was determined by reviewing the patients' medical records. Brain lesions were traced on magnetic resonance images that were acquired within the first 3 weeks after BGH onset, and then separate high-resolution region-of-interest images were generated. Associations between dysarthria and the lesion location were determined with the VLSM analyses. The average volume of the delimited lesions was 7.38±5.75cm3. The VLSM analyses identified several voxel clusters, mainly in the pulvinar nucleus of the left thalamus, that were significantly related to the presence of dysarthria at admission. These findings suggest that patients with BGH extending into the left pulvinar nucleus should be monitored for dysarthria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunghyon Kyeong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Jun Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ghil Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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38
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Youssofzadeh V, Williamson BJ, Kadis DS. Mapping Critical Language Sites in Children Performing Verb Generation: Whole-Brain Connectivity and Graph Theoretical Analysis in MEG. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:173. [PMID: 28424604 PMCID: PMC5380724 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A classic left frontal-temporal brain network is known to support language processes. However, the level of participation of constituent regions, and the contribution of extra-canonical areas, is not fully understood; this is particularly true in children, and in individuals who have experienced early neurological insult. In the present work, we propose whole-brain connectivity and graph-theoretical analysis of magnetoencephalography (MEG) source estimates to provide robust maps of the pediatric expressive language network. We examined neuromagnetic data from a group of typically-developing young children (n = 15, ages 4–6 years) and adolescents (n = 14, 16–18 years) completing an auditory verb generation task in MEG. All source analyses were carried out using a linearly-constrained minimum-variance (LCMV) beamformer. Conventional differential analyses revealed significant (p < 0.05, corrected) low-beta (13–23 Hz) event related desynchrony (ERD) focused in the left inferior frontal region (Broca’s area) in both groups, consistent with previous studies. Connectivity analyses were carried out in broadband (3–30 Hz) on time-course estimates obtained at the voxel level. Patterns of connectivity were characterized by phase locking value (PLV), and network hubs identified through eigenvector centrality (EVC). Hub analysis revealed the importance of left perisylvian sites, i.e., Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, across groups. The hemispheric distribution of frontal and temporal lobe EVC values was asymmetrical in most subjects; left dominant EVC was observed in 20% of young children, and 71% of adolescents. Interestingly, the adolescent group demonstrated increased critical sites in the right cerebellum, left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left putamen. Here, we show that whole brain connectivity and network analysis can be used to map critical language sites in typical development; these methods may be useful for defining the margins of eloquent tissue in neurosurgical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahab Youssofzadeh
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (PNRC), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brady J Williamson
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (PNRC), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Darren S Kadis
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (PNRC), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, OH, USA.,College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, USA
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Hohlefeld F, Ewald A, Ehlen F, Tiedt H, Horn A, Kühn A, Curio G, Klostermann F, Nikulin V. Neural correlates of lexical decisions in Parkinson’s disease revealed with multivariate extraction of cortico-subthalamic interactions. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:538-548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Korostil M, Remington G, McIntosh AR. Practice and Learning: Spatiotemporal Differences in Thalamo-Cortical-Cerebellar Networks Engagement across Learning Phases in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2017; 7:212. [PMID: 28167919 PMCID: PMC5256117 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how practice mediates the transition of brain-behavior networks between early and later stages of learning is constrained by the common approach to analysis of fMRI data. Prior imaging studies have mostly relied on a single scan, and parametric, task-related analyses. Our experiment incorporates a multisession fMRI lexicon-learning experiment with multivariate, whole-brain analysis to further knowledge of the distributed networks supporting practice-related learning in schizophrenia (SZ). METHODS Participants with SZ were compared with healthy control (HC) participants as they learned a novel lexicon during two fMRI scans over a several day period. All participants were trained to equal task proficiency prior to scanning. Behavioral-Partial Least Squares, a multivariate analytic approach, was used to analyze the imaging data. Permutation testing was used to determine statistical significance and bootstrap resampling to determine the reliability of the findings. RESULTS With practice, HC participants transitioned to a brain-accuracy network incorporating dorsostriatal regions in late-learning stages. The SZ participants did not transition to this pattern despite comparable behavioral results. Instead, successful learners with SZ were differentiated primarily on the basis of greater engagement of perceptual and perceptual-integration brain regions. CONCLUSION There is a different spatiotemporal unfolding of brain-learning relationships in SZ. In SZ, given the same amount of practice, the movement from networks suggestive of effortful learning toward subcortically driven procedural one differs from HC participants. Learning performance in SZ is driven by varying levels of engagement in perceptual regions, which suggests perception itself is impaired and may impact downstream, "higher level" cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Korostil
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Randal McIntosh
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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TANAKA K, OHTA S, KINNO R, SAKAI KL. Activation changes of the left inferior frontal gyrus for the factors of construction and scrambling in a sentence. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:511-522. [PMID: 28769020 PMCID: PMC5713179 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have indicated that the left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus (L. dF3op/F3t) and left lateral premotor cortex (L. LPMC) are crucial regions for syntactic processing among the syntax-related networks. In the present study, we further examined how activations in these regions were modified by the factors of construction and scrambling (object-initial type). Using various sentence types, we clarified three major points. First, we found that the main effects of construction and scrambling consistently activated the L. dF3op/F3t and L. LPMC. Secondly, the main effects of scrambling clearly localized activation in the L. dF3op/F3t and L. LPMC, indicating the more narrowed down processing of syntax. Thirdly, step-wise percent signal changes were observed in the L. dF3op/F3t, demonstrating synergistic effects of construction and scrambling. These results demonstrate the abstract and intensive nature of syntactic processing carried out by these regions, i.e., the grammar center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei TANAKA
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinri OHTA
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuta KINNO
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi L. SAKAI
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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de Almeida RG, Riven L, Manouilidou C, Lungu O, Dwivedi VD, Jarema G, Gillon B. The Neuronal Correlates of Indeterminate Sentence Comprehension: An fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:614. [PMID: 28066204 PMCID: PMC5168646 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sentences such as The author started the book are indeterminate because they do not make explicit what the subject (the author) started doing with the object (the book). In principle, indeterminate sentences allow for an infinite number of interpretations. One theory, however, assumes that these sentences are resolved by semanticcoercion, a linguistic process that forces the noun book to be interpreted as an activity (e.g., writing the book) or by a process that interpolates this activity information in the resulting enriched semantic composition. An alternative theory, pragmatic, assumes classical semantic composition, whereby meaning arises from the denotation of words and how they are combined syntactically, with enrichment obtained via pragmatic inferences beyond linguistic-semantic processes. Cognitive neuroscience studies investigating the neuroanatomical and functional correlates of indeterminate sentences have shown activations either at the ventromedial pre-frontal cortex (vmPFC) or at the left inferior frontal gyrus (L-IFG). These studies have supported the semantic coercion theory assuming that one of these regions is where enriched semantic composition takes place. Employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we found that indeterminate sentences activate bilaterally the superior temporal gyrus (STG), the right inferior frontal gyrus (R-IFG), and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), more so than control sentences (The author wrote the book). Activation of indeterminate sentences exceeded that of anomalous sentences (…drank the book) and engaged more left- and right-hemisphere areas than other sentence types. We suggest that the widespread activations for indeterminate sentences represent the deployment of pragmatic-inferential processes, which seek to enrich sentence content without necessarily resorting to semantic coercion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Levi Riven
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Manouilidou
- Department of Comparative and General Linguistics, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, Institute Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Veena D Dwivedi
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Brock University St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Gonia Jarema
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brendan Gillon
- Department of Linguistics, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
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Maess B, Mamashli F, Obleser J, Helle L, Friederici AD. Prediction Signatures in the Brain: Semantic Pre-Activation during Language Comprehension. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:591. [PMID: 27895573 PMCID: PMC5108799 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is broad agreement that context-based predictions facilitate lexical-semantic processing. A robust index of semantic prediction during language comprehension is an evoked response, known as the N400, whose amplitude is modulated as a function of semantic context. However, the underlying neural mechanisms that utilize relations of the prior context and the embedded word within it are largely unknown. We measured magnetoencephalography (MEG) data while participants were listening to simple German sentences in which the verbs were either highly predictive for the occurrence of a particular noun (i.e., provided context) or not. The identical set of nouns was presented in both conditions. Hence, differences for the evoked responses of the nouns can only be due to differences in the earlier context. We observed a reduction of the N400 response for highly predicted nouns. Interestingly, the opposite pattern was observed for the preceding verbs: highly predictive (that is more informative) verbs yielded stronger neural magnitude compared to less predictive verbs. A negative correlation between the N400 effect of the verb and that of the noun was found in a distributed brain network, indicating an integral relation between the predictive power of the verb and the processing of the subsequent noun. This network consisted of left hemispheric superior and middle temporal areas and a subcortical area; the parahippocampus. Enhanced activity for highly predictive relative to less predictive verbs, likely reflects establishing semantic features associated with the expected nouns, that is a pre-activation of the expected nouns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Maess
- MEG and Cortical Networks Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fahimeh Mamashli
- MEG and Cortical Networks Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany; Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Jonas Obleser
- Max Planck Research Group "Auditory Cognition", Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of LübeckLübeck, Germany
| | - Liisa Helle
- Elekta OyHelsinki, Finland; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto UniversityEspoo, Finland
| | - Angela D Friederici
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
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Ehlen F, Vonberg I, Tiedt HO, Horn A, Fromm O, Kühn AA, Klostermann F. Thalamic deep brain stimulation decelerates automatic lexical activation. Brain Cogn 2016; 111:34-43. [PMID: 27816778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) is a therapeutic option for patients with essential tremor. Despite a generally low risk of side effects, declines in verbal fluency (VF) have previously been reported. OBJECTIVES We aimed to specify effects of VIM-DBS on major cognitive operations needed for VF task performance, represented by clusters and switches. Clusters are word production spurts, thought to arise from automatic activation of associated information pertaining to a given lexical field. Switches are slow word-to-word transitions, presumed to indicate controlled operations for stepping from one lexical field to another. PATIENTS & METHODS Thirteen essential tremor patients with VIM-DBS performed verbal fluency tasks in their VIM-DBS ON and OFF conditions. Clusters and switches were formally defined by mathematical criteria. All results were compared to those of fifteen healthy control subjects, and significant OFF-ON-change scores were correlated to stimulation parameters. RESULTS Patients produced fewer words than healthy controls. DBS ON compared to DBS OFF aggravated this deficit by prolonging the intervals between words within clusters, whereas switches remained unaffected. This stimulation effect correlated with more anterior electrode positions. CONCLUSION VIM-DBS seems to influence word output dynamics during verbal fluency tasks on the level of word clustering. This suggests a perturbation of automatic lexical co-activation by thalamic stimulation, particularly if delivered relatively anteriorly. The findings are discussed in the context of the hypothesized role of the thalamus in lexical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Ehlen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12000 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Vonberg
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12000 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannes O Tiedt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12000 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor Neuroscience Group, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Laboratory for Brain Network Imaging and Modulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ortwin Fromm
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12000 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor Neuroscience Group, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Klostermann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12000 Berlin, Germany.
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Wojtecki L, Elben S, Vesper J, Schnitzler A. The rhythm of the executive gate of speech: subthalamic low-frequency oscillations increase during verbal generation. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:1200-1211. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wojtecki
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology; Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Moorenstr. 5 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
- Department of Neurology; Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation; Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Moorenstr. 5 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Saskia Elben
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology; Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Moorenstr. 5 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
- Department of Neurology; Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation; Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Moorenstr. 5 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Jan Vesper
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery; Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation; Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology; Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Moorenstr. 5 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
- Department of Neurology; Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation; Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Moorenstr. 5 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
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Soshi T, Nakajima H, Hagiwara H. Grammatical markers switch roles and elicit different electrophysiological responses under shallow and deep semantic requirements. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00180. [PMID: 27790642 PMCID: PMC5071545 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Static knowledge about the grammar of a natural language is represented in the cortico-subcortical system. However, the differences in dynamic verbal processing under different cognitive conditions are unclear. To clarify this, we conducted an electrophysiological experiment involving a semantic priming paradigm in which semantically congruent or incongruent word sequences (prime nouns-target verbs) were randomly presented. We examined the event-related brain potentials that occurred in response to congruent and incongruent target words that were preceded by primes with or without grammatical case markers. The two participant groups performed either the shallow (lexical judgment) or deep (direct semantic judgment) semantic tasks. We hypothesized that, irrespective of the case markers, the congruent targets would reduce centro-posterior N400 activities under the deep semantic condition, which induces selective attention to the semantic relatedness of content words. However, the same congruent targets with correct case markers would reduce lateralized negativity under the shallow semantic condition because grammatical case markers are related to automatic structural integration under semantically unattended conditions. We observed that congruent targets (e.g., 'open') that were preceded by primes with congruent case markers (e.g., 'shutter-object case') reduced lateralized negativity under the shallow semantic condition. In contrast, congruent targets, irrespective of case markers, consistently yielded N400 reductions under the deep semantic condition. To summarize, human neural verbal processing differed in response to the same grammatical markers in the same verbal expressions under semantically attended or unattended conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Soshi
- Department of Humanity and Literatures, Faculty of Letters, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heizo Nakajima
- Department of English Language and Cultures, Faculty of Letters, Gakushuin University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hagiwara
- Department of Humanity and Literatures, Faculty of Letters, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Tiedt HO, Ehlen F, Krugel LK, Horn A, Kühn AA, Klostermann F. Subcortical roles in lexical task processing: Inferences from thalamic and subthalamic event-related potentials. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:370-383. [PMID: 27647660 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcortical functions for language capacities are poorly defined, but may be investigated in the context of deep brain stimulation. Here, we studied event-related potentials recorded from electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) together with surface-EEG. Participants completed a lexical decision task (LDT), which required the differentiation of acoustically presented words from pseudo-words by button press. Target stimuli were preceded by prime-words. In recordings from VIM, a slow potential shift apparent at the lower electrode contacts persisted during target stimulus presentation (equally for words and pseudo-words). In contrast, recordings from STN electrodes showed a short local activation on prime-words but not target-stimuli. In both depth-recording regions, further components related to contralateral motor responses to target words were evident. On scalp level, mid-central activations on (pseudo)lexical stimuli were obtained, in line with the expression of N400 potentials. The prolonged activity recorded from VIM, exclusively accompanying the relevant LDT phase, is in line with the idea of thalamic "selective engagement" for supporting the realization of the behavioral focus demanded by the task. In contrast, the phasic prime related activity rather indicates "procedural" STN functions, for example, for trial sequencing or readiness inhibition of prepared target reactions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:370-383, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes O Tiedt
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12003, Germany
| | - Felicitas Ehlen
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12003, Germany
| | - Lea K Krugel
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12003, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Department of Neurology, Motor Neuroscience Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Laboratory for Brain Network Imaging and Modulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Motor Neuroscience Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
| | - Fabian Klostermann
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12003, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Kljajević
- Vanja Kljajević, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain,
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49
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Ehlen F, Vonberg I, Kühn AA, Klostermann F. Effects of thalamic deep brain stimulation on spontaneous language production. Neuropsychologia 2016; 89:74-82. [PMID: 27267813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The thalamus is thought to contribute to language-related processing, but specifications of this notion remain vague. An assessment of potential effects of thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) on spontaneous language may help to delineate respective functions. For this purpose, we analyzed spontaneous language samples from thirteen (six female / seven male) patients with essential tremor treated with DBS of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) in their respective ON vs. OFF conditions. Samples were obtained from semi-structured interviews and examined on multidimensional linguistic levels. In the VIM-DBS ON condition, participants used a significantly higher proportion of paratactic as opposed to hypotactic sentence structures. This increase correlated negatively with the change in the more global cognitive score, which in itself did not change significantly. In conclusion, VIM-DBS appears to induce the use of a simplified syntactic structure. The findings are discussed in relation to concepts of thalamic roles in language-related cognitive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Ehlen
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Vonberg
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Department of Neurology, Motor Neuroscience Group, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Klostermann
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
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50
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Language structure in the brain: A fixation-related fMRI study of syntactic surprisal in reading. Neuroimage 2016; 132:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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