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Chen Y, Liu P, Yi S, Fan C, Zhao W, Liu J. Investigating the shared genetic architecture between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk taking behavior: A large-scale genomewide cross-trait analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:22-31. [PMID: 38565336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the genetic architecture shared between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and risk behavior. METHODS Based on the latest large-scale Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we firstly employed Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and Local Analysis of Variant Association (LAVA) to investigate the genetic correlation between risk behavior and ADHD. Then, we conducted cross-trait analysis to identified the Pleiotropic loci. Finally, bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis (MR) was applied to examine the causal relationship. RESULTS We found a significant positive genetic correlation between ADHD and risk-taking behavior (rg = 0.351, p = 6.50E-37). The cross-trait meta-analysis identified 27 significant SNPs shared between ADHD and risk behavior. The most significant locus, located near the CADM2 gene on chromosome 3, had been identified associated with this two trait (pADHD = 3.07E-05 and prisk-taking behavior = 2.47E-30). The same situation can also be observed near the FOXP2 gene on chromosome 7 (rs8180817, pmeta = 5.72E-21). We found CCDC171 gene and other genes played a significant role in ADHD and risk behavior in mRNA level. Bidirectional MR analysis found a causal relationship between them. LIMITATION The majority of our data sources were of European origin, which may limit the generalizability of our findings to other ethnic populations. CONCLUSION This article reveals in depth the shared genetic structure between ADHD and risk-taking behavior, finding a significant positive genetic correlation between ADHD and risk-taking behavior. Providing insights for the future treatment and management of these two traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Chen
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sijie Yi
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Fan
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, People's Republic of China.
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Bahar N, Cler GJ, Krishnan S, Asaridou SS, Smith HJ, Willis HE, Healy MP, Watkins KE. Differences in Cortical Surface Area in Developmental Language Disorder. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2024; 5:288-314. [PMID: 38832358 PMCID: PMC11093399 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 7% of children have developmental language disorder (DLD), a neurodevelopmental condition associated with persistent language learning difficulties without a known cause. Our understanding of the neurobiological basis of DLD is limited. Here, we used FreeSurfer to investigate cortical surface area and thickness in a large cohort of 156 children and adolescents aged 10-16 years with a range of language abilities, including 54 with DLD, 28 with a history of speech-language difficulties who did not meet criteria for DLD, and 74 age-matched controls with typical language development (TD). We also examined cortical asymmetries in DLD using an automated surface-based technique. Relative to the TD group, those with DLD showed smaller surface area bilaterally in the inferior frontal gyrus extending to the anterior insula, in the posterior temporal and ventral occipito-temporal cortex, and in portions of the anterior cingulate and superior frontal cortex. Analysis of the whole cohort using a language proficiency factor revealed that language ability correlated positively with surface area in similar regions. There were no differences in cortical thickness, nor in asymmetry of these cortical metrics between TD and DLD. This study highlights the importance of distinguishing between surface area and cortical thickness in investigating the brain basis of neurodevelopmental disorders and suggests the development of cortical surface area to be of importance to DLD. Future longitudinal studies are required to understand the developmental trajectory of these cortical differences in DLD and how they relate to language maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgoun Bahar
- Department of Experimental Psychology & Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriel J. Cler
- Department of Experimental Psychology & Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Saloni Krishnan
- Department of Experimental Psychology & Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey, UK
| | - Salomi S. Asaridou
- Department of Experimental Psychology & Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Harriet J. Smith
- Department of Experimental Psychology & Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hanna E. Willis
- Department of Experimental Psychology & Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Máiréad P. Healy
- Department of Experimental Psychology & Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate E. Watkins
- Department of Experimental Psychology & Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Che F, Li C, Zhang L, Qian C, Mo L, Li B, Wu H, Wang L, Yang Y. Novel FOXP2 variant associated with speech and language dysfunction in a Chinese family and literature review. J Appl Genet 2024; 65:367-373. [PMID: 38418803 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Since its initial identification, the Forkhead Box P2 gene (FOXP2) has maintained its singular status as the archetypal monogenic determinant implicated in Mendelian forms of human speech and language impairments. Despite the passage of two decades subsequent to its discovery, extant literature remains disproportionately sparse with regard to case-specific instances and loci of mutational perturbations. The objective of the current investigation centers on furnishing an enriched delineation of both its clinical manifestations and its mutational heterogeneity. Clinical phenotypes and peripheral blood samples were assiduously amassed from familial subjects. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing methodologies were deployed for the unambiguous identification of potential genetic variants and for corroborating their co-segregation within the family pedigree. An exhaustive review of published literature focusing on patients manifesting speech and language disorders consequent to FOXP2 genetic anomalies was also undertaken. The investigation yielded the identification of a novel heterozygous variant, c.661del (p.L221Ffs*41), localized within the FOXP2 gene in the proband, an inheritance from his symptomatic mother. The proband presented with an array of symptoms, encompassing dysarthric speech, deficits in instruction comprehension, and communicative impediments. In comparison, the mother exhibited attenuated symptoms, including rudimentary verbalization capabilities punctuated by pronounced stuttering and dysarthria. A comprehensive analysis of articles archived in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) classified under "DM" disclosed the existence of 74 patients inclusive of the subjects under current examination, sub-divided into 19 patients with null variants, 5 patients with missense variants, and 50 patients with gross deletions or complex genomic rearrangements. A conspicuous predominance of delayed speech, impoverished current verbal abilities, verbal comprehension deficits, and learning difficulties were observed in patients harboring null or missense FOXP2 variants, as compared to their counterparts with gross deletions or complex rearrangements. Developmental delays, hypotonia, and craniofacial aberrations were exclusive to the latter cohort. The elucidated findings augment the existing corpus of knowledge on the genetic architecture influencing both the proband and his mother within this specified familial context. Of critical importance, these discoveries furnish a robust molecular framework conducive to the prenatal diagnostic evaluations of prospective progeny within this familial lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Che
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenhao Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Liyu Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Qian
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lidangzhi Mo
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Benchang Li
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
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4
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Benítez-Burraco A. Toward an evolutionary account of the changes in the human pitch vocal system. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1249727. [PMID: 37928592 PMCID: PMC10621747 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1249727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
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5
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Everaert E, Boerma T, Selten I, Gerrits E, Houben M, Vorstman J, Wijnen F. Nonverbal Executive Functioning in Relation to Vocabulary and Morphosyntax in Preschool Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:3954-3973. [PMID: 37713541 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Developmental language disorder (DLD) is characterized by persistent and unexplained difficulties in language development. Accumulating evidence shows that children with DLD also present with deficits in other cognitive domains, such as executive functioning (EF). There is an ongoing debate on whether exclusively verbal EF abilities are impaired in children with DLD or whether nonverbal EF is also impaired, and whether these EF impairments are related to their language difficulties. The aims of this study were to (a) compare nonverbal performance of preschoolers with DLD and typically developing (TD) peers, (b) examine how nonverbal EF and language abilities are related, and (c) investigate whether a diagnosis of DLD moderates the relationship between EF and language abilities. METHOD A total of 143 children (nDLD = 65, nTD = 78) participated. All children were between 3 and 6.5 years old and were monolingual Dutch. We assessed nonverbal EF with a visual selective attention task, a visuospatial short-term and working memory task, and a task gauging broad EF abilities. Vocabulary and morphosyntax were each measured with two standardized language tests. We created latent variables for EF, vocabulary, and morphosyntax. RESULTS Analyses showed that children with DLD were outperformed by their TD peers on all nonverbal EF tasks. Nonverbal EF abilities were related to morphosyntactic abilities in both groups, whereas a relationship between vocabulary and EF skills was found in the TD group only. These relationships were not significantly moderated by a diagnosis of DLD. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence for nonverbal EF impairments in preschool children with DLD. Moreover, nonverbal EF and morphosyntactic abilities were significantly related in these children. These findings may have implications for intervention and support the improvement of prognostic accuracy. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24121287.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Everaert
- Institute for Language Sciences, Utrecht University, Trans 10, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tessel Boerma
- Institute for Language Sciences, Utrecht University, Trans 10, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Selten
- Institute for Language Sciences, Utrecht University, Trans 10, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Gerrits
- Institute for Language Sciences, Utrecht University, Trans 10, the Netherlands
- Research Group Speech and Language Therapy: Participation Through Communication, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Houben
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Wijnen
- Institute for Language Sciences, Utrecht University, Trans 10, the Netherlands
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Qi H, Luo L, Lu C, Chen R, Zhou X, Zhang X, Jia Y. TCF7L2 acts as a molecular switch in midbrain to control mammal vocalization through its DNA binding domain but not transcription activation domain. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1703-1717. [PMID: 36782064 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Vocalization is an essential medium for social signaling in birds and mammals. Periaqueductal gray (PAG) a conserved midbrain structure is believed to be responsible for innate vocalizations, but its molecular regulation remains largely unknown. Here, through a mouse forward genetic screening we identified one of the key Wnt/β-catenin effectors TCF7L2/TCF4 controls ultrasonic vocalization (USV) production and syllable complexity during maternal deprivation and sexual encounter. Early developmental expression of TCF7L2 in PAG excitatory neurons is necessary for the complex trait, while TCF7L2 loss reduces neuronal gene expressions and synaptic transmission in PAG. TCF7L2-mediated vocal control is independent of its β-catenin-binding domain but dependent of its DNA binding ability. Patient mutations associated with developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, disrupt the transcriptional repression effect of TCF7L2, while mice carrying those mutations display severe USV impairments. Therefore, we conclude that TCF7L2 orchestrates gene expression in midbrain to control vocal production through its DNA binding but not transcription activation domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Luo
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Caijing Lu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Runze Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xianyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yichang Jia
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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7
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Rashaid AB, Alqhazo M, Newbury DF, Kanaan H, El-Khateeb M, Abukashabeh A, Al-Tamimi F. Evaluation of elements in hair samples of children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:138-147. [PMID: 35034571 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2022068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have highlighted a role for trace elements and toxic metals across neurodevelopmental disorders, including developmental stuttering, Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, these environmental influences have yet to be explored in relation to Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). METHODS Elemental hair composition of seven elements; zinc (64Zn), magnesium (26Mg), iron (57Fe), potassium (39K), aluminum (27Al), lead (208Pb), and barium (138Ba) were analyzed in hair samples from 35 children affected by DLD and 35 controls with typical language development (TLD) using both inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). RESULTS The concentration of 64Zn was significantly lower in the hair of DLD group compared to the TLD control group. All other elements showed similar levels between cases and controls. This pilot study demonstrates the utility of trace elements and toxic metals screening in relation to language disorders and the use of hair samples in such investigations. CONCLUSION The finding that zinc levels differed between cases and controls could represent a clinically relevant result and should be replicated in larger sample size across time. A wider battery of related elements will help to better understand the role of trace elements and toxic metals in DLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Bani Rashaid
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Mazin Alqhazo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Dianne F Newbury
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Heba Kanaan
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Mohammad El-Khateeb
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Ahmad Abukashabeh
- Chemical and Physical Analyses Laboratories, Jordan Atomic Energy Commission, Amman, Jordan
| | - Feda Al-Tamimi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
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Jockwitz C, Krämer C, Stumme J, Dellani P, Moebus S, Bittner N, Caspers S. Characterization of the angular gyrus in an older adult population: a multimodal multilevel approach. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:83-102. [PMID: 35904594 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The angular gyrus (AG) has been associated with multiple cognitive functions, such as language, spatial and memory functions. Since the AG is thought to be a cross-modal hub region suffering from significant age-related structural atrophy, it may also play a key role in age-related cognitive decline. However, the exact relation between structural atrophy of the AG and cognitive decline in older adults is not fully understood, which may be related to two aspects: First, the AG is cytoarchitectonically divided into two areas, PGa and PGp, potentially sub-serving different cognitive functions. Second, the older adult population is characterized by high between-subjects variability which requires targeting individual phenomena during the aging process. We therefore performed a multimodal (gray matter volume [GMV], resting-state functional connectivity [RSFC] and structural connectivity [SC]) characterization of AG subdivisions PGa and PGp in a large older adult population, together with relations to age, cognition and lifestyle on the group level. Afterwards, we switched the perspective to the individual, which is especially important when it comes to the assessment of individual patients. The AG can be considered a heterogeneous structure in of the older brain: we found the different AG parts to be associated with different patterns of whole-brain GMV associations as well as their associations with RSFC, and SC patterns. Similarly, differential effects of age, cognition and lifestyle on the GMV of AG subdivisions were observed. This suggests each region to be structurally and functionally differentially involved in the older adult's brain network architecture, which was supported by differential molecular and genetic patterns, derived from the EBRAINS multilevel atlas framework. Importantly, individual profiles deviated considerably from the global conclusion drawn from the group study. Hence, general observations within the older adult population need to be carefully considered, when addressing individual conditions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany. .,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Camilla Krämer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Stumme
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paulo Dellani
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Urban Public Health, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nora Bittner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Malocclusion in children with speech sound disorders and motor speech involvement: a cross-sectional clinical study in Swedish children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:619-628. [PMID: 35776286 PMCID: PMC9338153 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence, types and severity of malocclusions in children with speech sound disorder (SSD) persisting after 6 years of age, and to compare these findings to a control group of children with typical speech development (TSD). METHODS In total, 105 children were included: 61 with SSD and motor speech involvement (mean age 8:5 ± 2:8 years; range 6:0-16:7 years, 14 girls and 47 boys) and 44 children with TSD (mean age 8:8 ± 1:6; range 6:0-12:2 years, 19 girls and 25 boys). Extra-oral and intra-oral examinations were performed by an orthodontist. The severity of malocclusion was scored using the IOTN-DHC Index. RESULTS There were differences between the SSD and TSD groups with regard to the prevalence, type, and severity of malocclusions; 61% of the children in the SSD group had a malocclusion, as compared to 29% in the TSD group. In addition, the malocclusions in the SSD group were rated as more severe. Functional posterior crossbite and habitual lateral and/or anterior shift appeared more frequently in the SSD group. Class III malocclusion, anterior open bite and scissors bite were found only in the SSD group. CONCLUSION Children with SSD and motor speech involvement are more likely to have a higher prevalence of and more severe malocclusions than children with TSD.
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Martin KC, Ketchabaw WT, Turkeltaub PE. Plasticity of the language system in children and adults. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:397-414. [PMID: 35034751 PMCID: PMC10149040 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The language system is perhaps the most unique feature of the human brain's cognitive architecture. It has long been a quest of cognitive neuroscience to understand the neural components that contribute to the hierarchical pattern processing and advanced rule learning required for language. The most important goal of this research is to understand how language becomes impaired when these neural components malfunction or are lost to stroke, and ultimately how we might recover language abilities under these circumstances. Additionally, understanding how the language system develops and how it can reorganize in the face of brain injury or dysfunction could help us to understand brain plasticity in cognitive networks more broadly. In this chapter we will discuss the earliest features of language organization in infants, and how deviations in typical development can-but in some cases, do not-lead to disordered language. We will then survey findings from adult stroke and aphasia research on the potential for recovering language processing in both the remaining left hemisphere tissue and in the non-dominant right hemisphere. Altogether, we hope to present a clear picture of what is known about the capacity for plastic change in the neurobiology of the human language system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Martin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - W Tyler Ketchabaw
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Peter E Turkeltaub
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Research Division, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.
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11
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Wong PCM, Kang X, So HC, Choy KW. Contributions of common genetic variants to specific languages and to when a language is learned. Sci Rep 2022; 12:580. [PMID: 35022429 PMCID: PMC8755716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research over the past two decades has identified a group of common genetic variants explaining a portion of variance in native language ability. The present study investigates whether the same group of genetic variants are associated with different languages and languages learned at different times in life. We recruited 940 young adults who spoke from childhood Chinese and English as their first (native) (L1) and second (L2) language, respectively, who were learners of a new, third (L3) language. For the variants examined, we found a general decrease of contribution of genes to language functions from native to foreign (L2 and L3) languages, with variance in foreign languages explained largely by non-genetic factors such as musical training and motivation. Furthermore, genetic variants that were found to contribute to traits specific to Chinese and English respectively exerted the strongest effects on L1 and L2. These results seem to speak against the hypothesis of a language- and time-universal genetic core of linguistic functions. Instead, they provide preliminary evidence that genetic contribution to language may depend at least partly on the intricate language-specific features. Future research including a larger sample size, more languages and more genetic variants is required to further explore these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C M Wong
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xin Kang
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Research Centre for Language, Cognition and Language Application, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. .,School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hon-Cheong So
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Andres EM, Neely HL, Hafeez H, Yasmin T, Kausar F, Basra MAR, Raza MH. Study of rare genetic variants in TM4SF20, NFXL1, CNTNAP2, and ATP2C2 in Pakistani probands and families with language impairment. Meta Gene 2021; 30. [PMID: 34540591 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Language impairment (LI) is highly heritable and aggregates in families. Genetic investigation of LI has revealed many chromosomal regions and genes of interest, though very few studies have focused on rare variant analysis in non-English speaking or non-European samples. We selected four candidate genes (TM4SF20, NFXL1, CNTNAP2 and ATP2C2) strongly suggested for specific language impairment (SLI), a subtype of LI, and investigated rare protein coding variants through Sanger sequencing of probands with LI ascertained from Pakistan. The probands and their family members completed a speech and language family history questionnaire and a vocabulary measure, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-fourth edition (PPVT-4), translated to Urdu, the national language of Pakistan. Our study aimed to determine the significance of rare variants in these SLI candidate genes through segregation analysis in a novel population with a high rate of consanguinity. In total, we identified 16 rare variants (according to the rare MAF in the global population in gnomAD v2.1.1 database exomes), including eight variants with a MAF <0.5 % in the South Asian population. Most of the identified rare variants aggregated in proband's families, one rare variant (c.*9T>C in CNTNAP2) co-segregated in a small family (PKSLI-64) and another (c.2465C>T in ATP2C2) co-segregated in the proband branch (PKSLI-27). The lack of complete co-segregation of most of the identified rare variants indicates that while these genes could be involved in overall risk for LI, other genes are likely involved in LI in this population. Future investigation of these consanguineous families has the potential to expand our understanding of gene function related to language acquisition and impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Andres
- University of Kansas, Child Language Doctoral Program
| | | | - Huma Hafeez
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab
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13
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Turk AZ, Lotfi Marchoubeh M, Fritsch I, Maguire GA, SheikhBahaei S. Dopamine, vocalization, and astrocytes. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 219:104970. [PMID: 34098250 PMCID: PMC8260450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine, the main catecholamine neurotransmitter in the brain, is predominately produced in the basal ganglia and released to various brain regions including the frontal cortex, midbrain and brainstem. Dopamine's effects are widespread and include modulation of a number of voluntary and innate behaviors. Vigilant regulation and modulation of dopamine levels throughout the brain is imperative for proper execution of motor behaviors, in particular speech and other types of vocalizations. While dopamine's role in motor circuitry is widely accepted, its unique function in normal and abnormal speech production is not fully understood. In this perspective, we first review the role of dopaminergic circuits in vocal production. We then discuss and propose the conceivable involvement of astrocytes, the numerous star-shaped glia cells of the brain, in the dopaminergic network modulating normal and abnormal vocal productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Z Turk
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Mahsa Lotfi Marchoubeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701 AR, USA
| | - Ingrid Fritsch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701 AR, USA
| | - Gerald A Maguire
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 92521 CA, USA
| | - Shahriar SheikhBahaei
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA.
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14
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Benchek P, Igo RP, Voss-Hoynes H, Wren Y, Miller G, Truitt B, Zhang W, Osterman M, Freebairn L, Tag J, Taylor HG, Chan ER, Roussos P, Lewis B, Stein CM, Iyengar SK. Association between genes regulating neural pathways for quantitative traits of speech and language disorders. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:64. [PMID: 34315907 PMCID: PMC8316336 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Speech sound disorders (SSD) manifest as difficulties in phonological memory and awareness, oral motor function, language, vocabulary, reading, and spelling. Families enriched for SSD are rare, and typically display a cluster of deficits. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 435 children from 148 families in the Cleveland Family Speech and Reading study (CFSRS), examining 16 variables representing 6 domains. Replication was conducted using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We identified 18 significant loci (combined p < 10-8) that we pursued bioinformatically. We prioritized 5 novel gene regions with likely functional repercussions on neural pathways, including those which colocalized with differentially methylated regions in our sample. Polygenic risk scores for receptive language, expressive vocabulary, phonological awareness, phonological memory, spelling, and reading decoding associated with increasing clinical severity. In summary, neural-genetic influence on SSD is primarily multigenic and acts on genomic regulatory elements, similar to other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Benchek
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert P Igo
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Heather Voss-Hoynes
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yvonne Wren
- Bristol Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Speech and Language Therapy Research Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Gabrielle Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Truitt
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, and Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Osterman
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lisa Freebairn
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Tag
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, and Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, University Hospital Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E Ricky Chan
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, and Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Lewis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Hearing and Speech Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Sudha K Iyengar
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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15
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Xiao L, Merullo DP, Koch TMI, Cao M, Co M, Kulkarni A, Konopka G, Roberts TF. Expression of FoxP2 in the basal ganglia regulates vocal motor sequences in the adult songbird. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2617. [PMID: 33976169 PMCID: PMC8113549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the transcription factor FoxP2, which is enriched in the basal ganglia, impairs vocal development in humans and songbirds. The basal ganglia are important for the selection and sequencing of motor actions, but the circuit mechanisms governing accurate sequencing of learned vocalizations are unknown. Here, we show that expression of FoxP2 in the basal ganglia is vital for the fluent initiation and termination of birdsong, as well as the maintenance of song syllable sequencing in adulthood. Knockdown of FoxP2 imbalances dopamine receptor expression across striatal direct-like and indirect-like pathways, suggesting a role of dopaminergic signaling in regulating vocal motor sequencing. Confirming this prediction, we show that phasic dopamine activation, and not inhibition, during singing drives repetition of song syllables, thus also impairing fluent initiation and termination of birdsong. These findings demonstrate discrete circuit origins for the dysfluent repetition of vocal elements in songbirds, with implications for speech disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiao
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Devin P Merullo
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Therese M I Koch
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mou Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marissa Co
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Todd F Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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16
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Plug MB, van Wijngaarden V, de Wilde H, van Binsbergen E, Stegeman I, van den Boogaard MJH, Smit AL. Clinical Characteristics and Genetic Etiology of Children With Developmental Language Disorder. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:651995. [PMID: 34277514 PMCID: PMC8282268 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.651995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Developmental language delay (DLD) is one of the most common disabilities in childhood and can negatively affect a child's communication skills and academic and/or psychosocial development. To date, an increasing number of causative genes have been identified by diagnostic techniques like next generation sequencing. An early genetic diagnosis is important to properly prepare and counsel children and parents for possible future difficulties. Despite this, genetic assessment is usually not part of a standardized diagnostic set in children with developmental language delay. In this study, we aim to assess the diagnostic outcomes of children primarily assessed for speech and language delay who were subsequently referred for genetic etiological assessment. Methods: Medical records of children referred to the department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Wilhelmina Children's Hospital for diagnostic work-up for a suspected speech and language delay between June 2011 and December 2018 who were additionally referred to a geneticist were evaluated. Study parameters concerning medical history, behavioral problems, language development, intelligence, and hearing were recorded. Outcomes of genetic analysis were evaluated. Results: A total of 127 patients were diagnosed with a developmental language delay. Genetic analysis was conducted in 119 out of 127 patients with a language delay and eligible for this study. The median time between initial speech and language assessment and the first genetic consultation was 10 months (IQR 5.0-23.0). In 34 out of 127 patients a causative genetic diagnosis was found to explain their DLD. Conclusion: In approximately a quarter of the patients (26.8%) diagnosed with developmental language delay, a causative genetic diagnosis was confirmed. This demonstrates the opportunity to identify an underlying genetic etiology in children with developmental language delay. However, in order to optimize the diagnostic process and clinical care for these children, two important research gaps need to be addressed. First, research should focus on assessing the clinical impact and effect on treatment outcomes of a genetic diagnosis. Secondly, it is important to recognize for which children genetic testing is most beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle B Plug
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Hester de Wilde
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Adriana L Smit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Levickis P, McKean C, Wiles A, Law J. Expectations and experiences of parents taking part in parent-child interaction programmes to promote child language: a qualitative interview study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2020; 55:603-617. [PMID: 32525603 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent-child interaction therapies are commonly used by speech and language therapists (SLTs) when providing services to young children with language learning difficulties. However, the way parents react to the demands of such interventions is clearly important, especially for those from socially disadvantaged backgrounds. Parents play a central role in the therapy process so to ensure parent engagement, and to maximize intervention effectiveness, parents' views must be considered. AIMS To explore the expectations and experiences of parents from socially disadvantaged backgrounds who had taken part in a parent-child interaction programme aimed at promoting language development in 2-3 year olds with language difficulties. METHODS & PROCEDURES The sample included parents who had a child aged 2-3 years and had attended a parent-child interaction programme to promote their child's language development. Parents were eligible to take part if they were living in the 30% most deprived areas in a city in the North of England that constituted the study site. Ten parents participated in a qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interview in the home. Framework analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Parents' expectations before taking part in parent-child interaction interventions contribute to how they may engage throughout the intervention process. Barriers include parents' uncertainty about the nature of the intervention and differing attitudes regarding intervention approaches and strategies. Facilitators during the intervention process include gaining support from other parents, reassurance from the SLT regarding their child's language development, and their own ability to support their child's language learning, as well as increased confidence in how they support their child's development. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Parents respond very differently to parent-child interaction intervention for children with language difficulties, depending on their expectations and attitudes towards intervention. Thus, it is critical that these different perspectives are understood by practitioners before intervention commences to ensure successful engagement. What this paper adds What is already known on this subject Parent-child interaction interventions are widely used to promote child language development. Parents play a central role in the therapy process of such interventions, so to maximize effectiveness, parents must be appropriately 'engaged' in that intervention. This involves attending, fully participating and having appropriate attitudinal and/or emotional involvement. The reciprocal nature of engagement means that parents are more likely to become engaged in intervention over time when they are supported by their SLT. What this paper adds to existing knowledge Parental expectations about the intervention process vary considerably and often need to be negotiated before the start of intervention. Reassurance and supporting positive attitudes to co-working with their SLT may be particularly important for families living with social disadvantage. Supporting parent engagement in parent-child interaction programmes can contribute to the parents' capability to continue implementing language-promoting strategies outside the intervention context and beyond the end of therapy. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Parents have different expectations regarding programme involvement. Therefore, having a two-way, open dialogue between parents and SLTs from the beginning is clearly important, not only as a way of sharing information but also to build on parents' understanding of what the intervention will involve and trust that the SLT will be able to deliver the intervention in collaboration with the parent. SLTs can enhance parent engagement by supporting parents to feel confident and providing reassurance in terms of their child's development and how they can support their child's language learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Levickis
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cristina McKean
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Wiles
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Law
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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18
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Mélo TR, Lucchesi VDO, Ribeiro Junior EJF, Signorelli MC. Characterization of neuropsychomotor and language development of children receiving care from groups at an extended Family Health Care Center: an interprofessional approach. REVISTA CEFAC 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/202022314919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to characterize the language and neuropsychomotor development of children referred for speech-language-hearing and physical therapy at an Extended Family Health Care Center (NASF) in Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil. Methods: 36 children aged 3 to 13 (7.9 ± 2.3) years were assessed through anamnesis, speech-language-hearing assessment with a flipchart, and motor development scale (MDS). The analysis was made with the two-tailed Pearson correlation test. Results: 69% had no initial clinical diagnosis; 83% were referred by their school, due to suspected language difficulties (92%), which were confirmed. Children both at risk and with psychomotor delays represented 69% of the sample; 78% of the children had learning difficulties and overall motor age 16 months below their chronological age, on average. The psychomotor areas with the worst scores for motor age and motor quotient were temporal organization, body scheme, and spatial organization. School difficulties were related to delays in motor age (p = 0.03), MDS psychomotor profile classification (p = 0.01), overall motor quotient (p = 0.04), and psychomotor diagnosis (p = 0.001). Conclusion: it is concluded that children both at risk and with psychomotor delays pose a great demand. Most of them present language delays, and have difficulties in other areas as well, confirming the need for health professionals’ multi- and interdisciplinary actions. NASF is an option for promoting follow-up and intervention.
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19
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El-Din EMS, Elabd MA, Nassar MS, Metwally AM, Abdellatif GA, Rabah TM, Shalaan A, Shaaban SY, Kandeel W, Etreby LAE, Al-Tohamy M. The Interaction of Social, Physical and Nutritive Factors in Triggering Early Developmental Language Delay in a Sample of Egyptian Children. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2767-2774. [PMID: 31844434 PMCID: PMC6901873 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Language acquisition and child development during the early years of life depend on multiple interacting factors. AIM: To explore potential factors that can impact language development in 2 groups of Egyptian children, one with normal language development and the second with delayed development. Also, to explore to what extent can the involvement of impaired motor development potentiate the risk of developmental language delay. METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study involved Egyptian children belonging to the middle socioeconomic class between 18 and 36 months of age. Children were classified according to their performance on language domain of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) into two groups, infants with the average or above score (control group) and those having below-average scores (cases). Motor development was assessed on the same scale. Factors affecting language development were tested, including socio-demographic, obstetric, and maternal medical factors in addition to Infant Feeding Practices. RESULTS: The independent factors lowering the language scores were early introduction of complementary food, low family income, history of delivery problems, pregnancy-related diseases of the mother, and maternal education. Impaired motor development appears as a further highly significant risk factor to the previously mentioned factors CONCLUSION: In Egyptian children, delayed language development is severely affected by the interaction of medical, social and nutritional factors. Providing adequate maternal health care during pregnancy and childbirth, regular developmental monitoring at each child visit, and screening for such risk factors, can reduce size of the problem and promote child’s social and psychological development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona A Elabd
- Child Health Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maysa S Nassar
- Child Health Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ammal M Metwally
- Department of Community Medicine Research, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Abdellatif
- Department of Community Medicine Research, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Thanaa M Rabah
- Department of Community Medicine Research, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Shalaan
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Y Shaaban
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Kandeel
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna A El Etreby
- Department of Community Medicine Research, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Al-Tohamy
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Comparative Expression Analysis of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Elements in Peripheral Blood of Children with Specific Language Impairment. Balkan J Med Genet 2019; 22:49-56. [PMID: 31523620 PMCID: PMC6714331 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific language impairment (SLI) is a psychiatric condition with a complex etiology and a substantial genetic basis that affects children's verbal communication abilities. In this study, we examined the expression of five different human endogenous retrovirus elements (HERVs) in a cohort of 25 children with SLI and 25 healthy children in the control group. Human endogenous retrovirus elements, a diverse group of repetitive DNA sequences, can potentially cause considerable genetic heterogeneity. They had been integrated in the genome of our ancestors throughout evolution and now consist of about 8.0% of the human genome. Several HERV loci are transcribed in various cell types. Their expression in peripheral blood and in the brain is altered in many neurological and psychiatric diseases. To date, HERV expression profiles have never been studied in patients with SLI. This study aimed to elucidate differentially regulated human endogenous retroelements in peripheral blood of children with SLI, in comparison with healthy controls, through quantitative reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) methodology. Our results show that two genes: HERV-K (HLM-2) gag and HERV-P env were expressed at lower levels in the blood samples from SLI children in comparison with those in the control group.
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Terband H, Maassen B, Maas E. A Psycholinguistic Framework for Diagnosis and Treatment Planning of Developmental Speech Disorders. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2019; 71:216-227. [PMID: 31269495 DOI: 10.1159/000499426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential diagnosis and treatment planning of developmental speech disorders (DSD) remains a major challenge in paediatric speech-language pathology. Different classification systems exist, in which subtypes are differentiated based on their theoretical cause and in which the definitions generally refer to speech production processes. Accordingly, various intervention methods have been developed aiming at different parts of the speech production process. Diagnostic classification in these systems, however, is primarily based on a description of behavioural speech symptoms rather than on underlying deficits. PURPOSE In this paper, we present a process-oriented approach to diagnosis and treatment planning of DSD. Our framework comprises two general diagnostic categories: developmental delay and developmental disorder. Within these categories, treatment goals/targets and treatment methods are formulated at the level of processes and rules/representations. CONCLUSION A process-oriented approach to diagnosis and treatment planning holds important advantages, offering direct leads for treatment aimed at the underlying impairment, tailored to the specific needs of the individual and adjusted to the developmental trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayo Terband
- Utrecht Institute of Linguistics-OTS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | - Ben Maassen
- Centre for Language and Cognition (CLCG) and University Medical Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Maas
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Kuo HY, Liu FC. Synaptic Wiring of Corticostriatal Circuits in Basal Ganglia: Insights into the Pathogenesis of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0076-19.2019. [PMID: 31097624 PMCID: PMC6553570 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0076-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum is a key hub in the basal ganglia for processing neural information from the sensory, motor, and limbic cortices. The massive and diverse cortical inputs entering the striatum allow the basal ganglia to perform a repertoire of neurological functions ranging from basic level of motor control to high level of cognition. The heterogeneity of the corticostriatal circuits, however, also renders the system susceptible to a repertoire of neurological diseases. Clinical and animal model studies have indicated that defective development of the corticostriatal circuits is linked to various neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and schizophrenia. Importantly, many neuropsychiatric disease-risk genes have been found to form the molecular building blocks of the circuit wiring at the synaptic level. It is therefore imperative to understand how corticostriatal connectivity is established during development. Here, we review the construction during development of these corticostriatal circuits at the synaptic level, which should provide important insights into the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders related to the basal ganglia and help the development of appropriate therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ying Kuo
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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23
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Andres EM, Hafeez H, Yousaf A, Riazuddin S, Rice ML, Basra MAR, Raza MH. A genome-wide analysis in consanguineous families reveals new chromosomal loci in specific language impairment (SLI). Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1274-1285. [PMID: 30976110 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Language is a uniquely human ability, and failure to attain this ability can have a life-long impact on the affected individuals. This is particularly true for individuals with specific language impairment (SLI), which is defined as an impairment in normal language development in the absence of any other developmental disability. Although SLI displays high heritability, family-based linkage studies have been hampered by an unclear mode of Mendelian segregation, variable disease penetrance, and heterogeneity of diagnostic criteria. We performed genome-wide parametric linkage analysis and homozygosity mapping in 14 consanguineous families from Pakistan segregating SLI. Linkage analysis revealed a multipoint LOD score of 4.18 at chromosome 2q in family PKSLI05 under a recessive mode of inheritance. A second linkage score of 3.85 was observed in family PKSLI12 at a non-overlapping locus on chromosome 2q. Two other suggestive linkage loci were found in family PKSLI05 on 14q and 22q with LOD scores of 2.37 and 2.23, respectively, that were also identified in homozygosity mapping. Reduction to homozygosity was observed on chromosomes 2q, 5p, 8q, 14q, 17q, and 22q. Each homozygosity region occurred in multiple PKSLI families. We report new SLI loci on chromosomes 2 and 8 and confirm suggestive SLI linkage loci on chromosomes 5, 14, 17, and 22 reported previously in the population of Robinson Crusoe Island. These findings indicate that linkage and homozygosity mapping in consanguineous families can improve genetic analyses in SLI and suggest the involvement of additional genes in the causation of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Andres
- Child Language Doctoral Program (CLDP), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Huma Hafeez
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Yousaf
- Child Language Doctoral Program (CLDP), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mabel L Rice
- Child Language Doctoral Program (CLDP), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Hashim Raza
- Child Language Doctoral Program (CLDP), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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24
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Liégeois FJ, Turner SJ, Mayes A, Bonthrone AF, Boys A, Smith L, Parry-Fielder B, Mandelstam S, Spencer-Smith M, Bahlo M, Scerri TS, Hildebrand MS, Scheffer IE, Connelly A, Morgan AT. Dorsal language stream anomalies in an inherited speech disorder. Brain 2019; 142:966-977. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha J Turner
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Mayes
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | | | - Amber Boys
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Libby Smith
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | | | - Simone Mandelstam
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Megan Spencer-Smith
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Scenic Blvd, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Tom S Scerri
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Connelly
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Angela T Morgan
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
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25
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Mo MQ, Pan L, Lu QM, Li QL, Liao YH. The association of the CMIP rs16955379 polymorphism with dyslipidemia and the clinicopathological features of IgA nephropathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:5008-5023. [PMID: 31949578 PMCID: PMC6962923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is among the most common primary glomerular diseases. The prognosis in IgAN is affected by dyslipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The c-Maf inducing protein (CMIP) gene has been found to be associated with lipid metabolism. But the association between the CMIP rs16955379 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and dyslipidemia or the related clinicopathological features in IgAN have not been reported thus far. The present study investigated the correlation between them. The CMIP rs16955379 SNP genotypes of 300 subjects with IgAN recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were identified by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Compared with the control (normal lipid) group, the dyslipidemia group with IgAN had higher blood uric acid, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urinary protein quantity, higher proportions of mesangial cell proliferation and renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (IFTA), and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum albumin. The frequencies of the CMIP rs16955379 SNP TT genotype and T allele in the dyslipidemia group were higher than in the control group. Triglyceride, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoA1/B, incidences of mesangial cell proliferation, and IFTA were higher in TT genotype carriers than in CC/CT genotype carriers. Serum lipid profiles and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with renal dysfunction and IFTA. IgAN patients with the TT genotype were more likely to have dyslipidemia, renal dysfunction and IFTA (P < 0.05 for all above). These results indicate that CMIP rs16955379 SNP may be a genetic susceptibility gene for dyslipidemia and poor renal outcome in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Qiu Mo
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Mei Lu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Lin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Hua Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Kalnak N, Stamouli S, Peyrard-Janvid M, Rabkina I, Becker M, Klingberg T, Kere J, Forssberg H, Tammimies K. Enrichment of rare copy number variation in children with developmental language disorder. Clin Genet 2018; 94:313-320. [PMID: 29851021 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with largely unknown etiology. Rare copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in the genetic architecture of other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), which have led to clinical genetic testing recommendations for these disorders; however, the evidence is still lacking for DLD. We analyzed rare and de novo CNVs in 58 probands with severe DLD, their 159 family members and 76 Swedish typically developing children using high-resolution microarray. DLD probands had larger rare CNVs as measured by total length (P = .05), and average length (P = .04). In addition, the rate of rare CNVs overlapping coding genes was increased (P = .03 and P = .01) and in average more genes were affected (P = .006 and P = .03) in the probands and their siblings, respectively. De novo CNVs were found in 4.8% DLD probands (2/42) and 2.4% (1/42) siblings. Clinically significant CNVs or chromosomal anomalies were found in 6.9% (4/58) of the probands of which 2 carried 16p11.2 deletions. We provide further evidence that rare CNVs contribute to the etiology of DLD in loci that overlap with other NDDs. Based on our results and earlier literature, families with DLD should be offered molecular genetic testing as a routine in their clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kalnak
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Neuropediatric Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Stamouli
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden and Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Peyrard-Janvid
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - I Rabkina
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden and Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Becker
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden and Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Klingberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - J Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Forssberg
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Neuropediatric Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - K Tammimies
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden and Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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De Barbieri Z, Fernández MA, Newbury DF, Villanueva P. Family aggregation of language impairment in an isolated Chilean population from Robinson Crusoe Island. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2018; 53:643-655. [PMID: 29575355 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that the inhabitants of the Chilean Robinson Crusoe Island have an increased frequency of specific language impairment (SLI) or developmental language disorder (DLD). AIMS To explore the familial aggregation of DLD in this community. METHODS & PROCEDURES We assessed the frequency of DLD amongst colonial children between the ages of 3 and 8;11 years (50 individuals from 45 nuclear families). Familial aggregation rates of language disorder were calculated by assessing all available first-degree relatives (n = 107, 77 parents, 25 siblings, five half-siblings) of the probands. OUTCOMES & RESULTS We found that 71% of the child population performed significantly below expected in measures of phonological production or expressive and receptive morphology. The majority of these children presented with severe expressive and/or receptive language difficulties. One-quarter of language-disordered probands primarily had phonological difficulties. Family members of affected probands experienced a higher risk of language disorder than those of typically developing probands. This increased risk was apparent regardless of non-verbal IQ. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The study substantiates the existence of a familial form of speech and language disorder on Robinson Crusoe Island. Furthermore, we find that the familiarity is stable regardless of non-verbal IQ, supporting the recent movement to reduce the importance of non-verbal IQ criterion in DLD diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema De Barbieri
- Department of Speech language and Hearing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Angélica Fernández
- Department of Speech language and Hearing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dianne F Newbury
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Pía Villanueva
- Department of Speech language and Hearing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Genetics Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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28
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Krier JC, Green TD, Kruger A. Youths in foster care with language delays: Prevalence, causes, and interventions. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Wanke KA, Devanna P, Vernes SC. Understanding Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Promise of Regulatory Variation in the 3'UTRome. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:548-557. [PMID: 29289333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders have a strong genetic component, but despite widespread efforts, the specific genetic factors underlying these disorders remain undefined for a large proportion of affected individuals. Given the accessibility of exome sequencing, this problem has thus far been addressed from a protein-centric standpoint; however, protein-coding regions only make up ∼1% to 2% of the human genome. With the advent of whole genome sequencing we are in the midst of a paradigm shift as it is now possible to interrogate the entire sequence of the human genome (coding and noncoding) to fill in the missing heritability of complex disorders. These new technologies bring new challenges, as the number of noncoding variants identified per individual can be overwhelming, making it prudent to focus on noncoding regions of known function, for which the effects of variation can be predicted and directly tested to assess pathogenicity. The 3'UTRome is a region of the noncoding genome that perfectly fulfills these criteria and is of high interest when searching for pathogenic variation related to complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Herein, we review the regulatory roles of the 3'UTRome as binding sites for microRNAs or RNA binding proteins, or during alternative polyadenylation. We detail existing evidence that these regions contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders and outline strategies for identification and validation of novel putatively pathogenic variation in these regions. This evidence suggests that studying the 3'UTRome will lead to the identification of new risk factors, new candidate disease genes, and a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai A Wanke
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Devanna
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja C Vernes
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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30
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Chen MT, Sun HF, Li LD, Zhao Y, Yang LP, Gao SP, Jin W. Downregulation of FOXP2 promotes breast cancer migration and invasion through TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8582-8588. [PMID: 29805593 PMCID: PMC5950580 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and relapse are the primary cause of mortality for patients with breast cancer. The present study performed quantitative proteomic analysis on the differentially expressed proteins between highly metastatic breast cancer cells and parental cells. It was revealed that forkhead box P2 (FOXP2), a transcription factor in neural development, may become a potential inhibitor of breast cancer metastasis. The results demonstrated that patients with a lower level of FOXP2 expression had significantly poorer relapse-free survival (P=0.0047). The transcription of FOXP2 was also significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissue compared with normal breast tissue (P=0.0005). In addition, FOXP2 may inhibit breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. It was also revealed that the underlying mechanism may include the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process driven by the tumor growth factor β/SMAD signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study identified FOXP2 as a novel suppressor and prognostic marker of breast cancer metastasis. These results may provide further insight into breast cancer prevention and the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - He-Fen Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Dong Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Li-Peng Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Shui-Ping Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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31
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Raschle NM, Becker BLC, Smith S, Fehlbaum LV, Wang Y, Gaab N. Investigating the Influences of Language Delay and/or Familial Risk for Dyslexia on Brain Structure in 5-Year-Olds. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:764-776. [PMID: 26585334 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early language delay has often been associated with atypical language/literacy development. Neuroimaging studies further indicate functional disruptions during language and print processing in school-age children with a retrospective report of early language delay. Behavioral data of 114 5-year-olds with a retrospective report of early language delay in infancy (N = 34) and those without (N = 80) and with a familial risk for dyslexia and those without are presented. Behaviorally, children with a retrospective report of early language delay exhibited reduced performance in language/reading-related measures. A voxel-based morphometry analysis in a subset (N = 46) demonstrated an association between reduced gray matter volume and early language delay in left-hemispheric middle temporal, occipital, and frontal regions. Alterations in middle temporal cortex in children with a retrospective report of early language delay were observed regardless of familial risk for dyslexia. Additionally, while children with isolated familial risk for dyslexia showed gray matter reductions in temporoparietal and occipitotemporal regions, these effects were most profound in children with both risk factors. An interaction effect of early language delay and familial risk was revealed in temporoparietal, occipital, and frontal cortex. Our findings support a cumulative effect of early behavioral and genetic risk factors on brain development and may ultimately inform diagnosis/treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Maria Raschle
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bryce Larkin Chessell Becker
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Smith
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Valérie Fehlbaum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yingying Wang
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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32
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Abstract
The post-genomic era is an exciting time for researchers interested in the biology of speech and language. Substantive advances in molecular methodologies have opened up entire vistas of investigation that were not previously possible, or in some cases even imagined. Speculations concerning the origins of human cognitive traits are being transformed into empirically addressable questions, generating specific hypotheses that can be explicitly tested using data collected from both the natural world and experimental settings. In this article, I discuss a number of promising lines of research in this area. For example, the field has begun to identify genes implicated in speech and language skills, including not just disorders but also the normal range of abilities. Such genes provide powerful entry points for gaining insights into neural bases and evolutionary origins, using sophisticated experimental tools from molecular neuroscience and developmental neurobiology. At the same time, sequencing of ancient hominin genomes is giving us an unprecedented view of the molecular genetic changes that have occurred during the evolution of our species. Synthesis of data from these complementary sources offers an opportunity to robustly evaluate alternative accounts of language evolution. Of course, this endeavour remains challenging on many fronts, as I also highlight in the article. Nonetheless, such an integrated approach holds great potential for untangling the complexities of the capacities that make us human.
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33
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Kujala T, Leminen M. Low-level neural auditory discrimination dysfunctions in specific language impairment-A review on mismatch negativity findings. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 28:65-75. [PMID: 29182947 PMCID: PMC6987907 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In specific language impairment (SLI), there is a delay in the child’s oral language skills when compared with nonverbal cognitive abilities. The problems typically relate to phonological and morphological processing and word learning. This article reviews studies which have used mismatch negativity (MMN) in investigating low-level neural auditory dysfunctions in this disorder. With MMN, it is possible to tap the accuracy of neural sound discrimination and sensory memory functions. These studies have found smaller response amplitudes and longer latencies for speech and non-speech sound changes in children with SLI than in typically developing children, suggesting impaired and slow auditory discrimination in SLI. Furthermore, they suggest shortened sensory memory duration and vulnerability of the sensory memory to masking effects. Importantly, some studies reported associations between MMN parameters and language test measures. In addition, it was found that language intervention can influence the abnormal MMN in children with SLI, enhancing its amplitude. These results suggest that the MMN can shed light on the neural basis of various auditory and memory impairments in SLI, which are likely to influence speech perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teija Kujala
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Miika Leminen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Phoniatrics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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34
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Ziegler W, Ackermann H. Subcortical Contributions to Motor Speech: Phylogenetic, Developmental, Clinical. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:458-468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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35
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Meerschaut I, Rochefort D, Revençu N, Pètre J, Corsello C, Rouleau GA, Hamdan FF, Michaud JL, Morton J, Radley J, Ragge N, García-Miñaúr S, Lapunzina P, Bralo MP, Mori MÁ, Moortgat S, Benoit V, Mary S, Bockaert N, Oostra A, Vanakker O, Velinov M, de Ravel TJ, Mekahli D, Sebat J, Vaux KK, DiDonato N, Hanson-Kahn AK, Hudgins L, Dallapiccola B, Novelli A, Tarani L, Andrieux J, Parker MJ, Neas K, Ceulemans B, Schoonjans AS, Prchalova D, Havlovicova M, Hancarova M, Budisteanu M, Dheedene A, Menten B, Dion PA, Lederer D, Callewaert B. FOXP1-related intellectual disability syndrome: a recognisable entity. J Med Genet 2017; 54:613-623. [PMID: 28735298 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1) cause intellectual disability (ID) and specific language impairment (SLI), with or without autistic features (MIM: 613670). Despite multiple case reports no specific phenotype emerged so far. METHODS We correlate clinical and molecular data of 25 novel and 23 previously reported patients with FOXP1 defects. We evaluated FOXP1 activity by an in vitro luciferase model and assessed protein stability in vitro by western blotting. RESULTS Patients show ID, SLI, neuromotor delay (NMD) and recurrent facial features including a high broad forehead, bent downslanting palpebral fissures, ptosis and/or blepharophimosis and a bulbous nasal tip. Behavioural problems and autistic features are common. Brain, cardiac and urogenital malformations can be associated. More severe ID and NMD, sensorineural hearing loss and feeding difficulties are more common in patients with interstitial 3p deletions (14 patients) versus patients with monogenic FOXP1 defects (34 patients). Mutations result in impaired transcriptional repression and/or reduced protein stability. CONCLUSIONS FOXP1-related ID syndrome is a recognisable entity with a wide clinical spectrum and frequent systemic involvement. Our data will be helpful to evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations when interpreting next-generation sequencing data obtained in patients with ID and/or SLI and will guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Meerschaut
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Rochefort
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicole Revençu
- Centre de Génétique humaine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justine Pètre
- Centre de Génétique humaine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fadi F Hamdan
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jenny Morton
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Jessica Radley
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Nicola Ragge
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Sixto García-Miñaúr
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Palomares Bralo
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Mori
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Moortgat
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Valérie Benoit
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Mary
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Nele Bockaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Oostra
- Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Milen Velinov
- NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Thomy Jl de Ravel
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Beyster Center for Genomics of Psychiatric Diseases, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Keith K Vaux
- Departments of Medicine and Neurosciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - Nataliya DiDonato
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Andrea K Hanson-Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Louanne Hudgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Berten Ceulemans
- Department of Neurology-Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - An-Sofie Schoonjans
- Department of Neurology-Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Darina Prchalova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech
| | - Marketa Havlovicova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech
| | - Miroslava Hancarova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech
| | - Magdalena Budisteanu
- Psychiatry Research Laboratory, Prof Dr Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bercini, Romania
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Damien Lederer
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Genetic identification of a hindbrain nucleus essential for innate vocalization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8095-8100. [PMID: 28698373 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702893114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vocalization in young mice is an innate response to isolation or mechanical stimulation. Neuronal circuits that control vocalization and breathing overlap and rely on motor neurons that innervate laryngeal and expiratory muscles, but the brain center that coordinates these motor neurons has not been identified. Here, we show that the hindbrain nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is essential for vocalization in mice. By generating genetically modified newborn mice that specifically lack excitatory NTS neurons, we show that they are both mute and unable to produce the expiratory drive required for vocalization. Furthermore, the muteness of these newborns results in maternal neglect. We also show that neurons of the NTS directly connect to and entrain the activity of spinal (L1) and nucleus ambiguus motor pools located at positions where expiratory and laryngeal motor neurons reside. These motor neurons control expiratory pressure and laryngeal tension, respectively, thereby establishing the essential biomechanical parameters used for vocalization. In summary, our work demonstrates that the NTS is an obligatory component of the neuronal circuitry that transforms breaths into calls.
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Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and language disorders are neurodevelopmental conditions arising in early childhood. Child psychiatrists are likely to encounter children with ID and language disorders because both are strongly associated with challenging behaviors and mental disorder. Because early intervention is associated with optimal outcomes, child psychiatrists must be aware of their signs and symptoms, particularly as related to delays in cognitive and adaptive function. Optimal management of both ID and language disorders requires a multidisciplinary, team-based, and family centered approach. Child psychiatrists play an important role on this team, given their expertise with contextualizing and treating challenging behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Marrus
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8504, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Lacey Hall
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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38
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Braun KVE, Dhana K, de Vries PS, Voortman T, van Meurs JBJ, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Hu FB, Franco OH, Dehghan A. Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) on lipids: the Rotterdam Study. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:15. [PMID: 28194238 PMCID: PMC5297218 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism that is suggested to be associated with blood lipid levels. We aimed to identify CpG sites at which DNA methylation levels are associated with blood levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol in 725 participants of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study. Subsequently, we sought replication in a non-overlapping set of 760 participants. RESULTS Genome-wide methylation levels were measured in whole blood using the Illumina Methylation 450 array. Associations between lipid levels and DNA methylation beta values were examined using linear mixed-effect models. All models were adjusted for sex, age, smoking, white blood cell proportions, array number, and position on array. A Bonferroni-corrected p value lower than 1.08 × 10-7 was considered statistically significant. Five CpG sites annotated to genes including DHCR24, CPT1A, ABCG1, and SREBF1 were identified and replicated. Four CpG sites were associated with triglycerides, including CpG sites annotated to CPT1A (cg00574958 and cg17058475), ABCG1 (cg06500161), and SREBF1 (cg11024682). Two CpG sites were associated with HDL-C, including ABCG1 (cg06500161) and DHCR24 (cg17901584). No significant associations were observed with LDL-C or total cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS We report an association of HDL-C levels with methylation of a CpG site near DHCR24, a protein-coding gene involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, which has previously been reported to be associated with other metabolic traits. Furthermore, we confirmed previously reported associations of methylation of CpG sites within CPT1A, ABCG1, and SREBF1 and lipids. These results provide insight in the mechanisms that are involved in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim V E Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Office NA2906, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Office NA2906, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Office NA2906, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Office NA2906, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden/Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Office NA2906, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden/Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Office NA2906, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Office NA2906, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Office NA2906, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Zavadenko NN. [Speech disorders in children: early diagnosis and treatment]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 116:119-125. [PMID: 28139638 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2016116121119-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The author considers causes, clinical variants and diagnostic principles of speech development in children. A role of neurobiological factors in the genesis of speech disorders and developmental dysphasia including early organic CNS lesions due to perinatal pathology and hereditary predisposition is described. Outcomes of dysphasia in children reached school-age are discussed. A screening method of the identification of speech delay in early childhood is presented. Early diagnosis and treatment of speech disorders in children are of great importance. Timely treatment with nootropics facilitates the correction of speech disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Zavadenko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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40
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Puglisi ML, Befi-Lopes DM. Impact of specific language impairment and type of school on different language subsystems. Codas 2016; 28:388-94. [PMID: 27652925 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20162015242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore quantitative and qualitative effects of type of school and specific language impairment (SLI) on different language abilities. METHODS 204 Brazilian children aged from 4 to 6 years old participated in the study. Children were selected to form three groups: 1) 63 typically developing children studying in private schools (TDPri); 2) 102 typically developing children studying in state schools (TDSta); and 39 children with SLI studying in state schools (SLISta). All individuals were assessed regarding expressive vocabulary, number morphology and morphosyntactic comprehension. RESULTS All language subsystems were vulnerable to both environmental (type of school) and biological (SLI) effects. The relationship between the three language measures was exactly the same to all groups: vocabulary growth correlated with age and with the development of morphological abilities and morphosyntactic comprehension. Children with SLI showed atypical errors in the comprehension test at the age of 4, but presented a pattern of errors that gradually resembled typical development. CONCLUSION The effect of type of school was marked by quantitative differences, while the effect of SLI was characterised by both quantitative and qualitative differences.
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41
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Bathelt J, Astle D, Barnes J, Raymond FL, Baker K. Structural brain abnormalities in a single gene disorder associated with epilepsy, language impairment and intellectual disability. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:655-665. [PMID: 27747153 PMCID: PMC5053034 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Childhood speech and language deficits are highly prevalent and are a common feature of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, it is difficult to investigate the underlying causal pathways because many diagnostic groups have a heterogeneous aetiology. Studying disorders with a shared genetic cause and shared cognitive deficits can provide crucial insight into the cellular mechanisms and neural systems that give rise to those impairments. The current study investigated structural brain differences of individuals with mutations in ZDHHC9, which is associated with a specific neurodevelopmental phenotype including prominent speech and language impairments and intellectual disability. We used multiple structural neuroimaging methods to characterise neuroanatomy in this group, and observed bilateral reductions in cortical thickness in areas surrounding the temporo-parietal junction, parietal lobule, and inferior frontal lobe, and decreased microstructural integrity of cortical, subcortical-cortical, and interhemispheric white matter projections. These findings are compared to reports for other genetic groups and genetically heterogeneous disorders with a similar presentation. Overlap in the neuroanatomical phenotype suggests a common pathway that particularly affects the development of temporo-parietal and inferior frontal areas, and their connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Bathelt
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Astle
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Barnes
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - F. Lucy Raymond
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Baker
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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42
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Konopka G, Roberts TF. Insights into the Neural and Genetic Basis of Vocal Communication. Cell 2016; 164:1269-1276. [PMID: 26967292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of vocalizations to communicate information and elaborate social bonds is an adaptation seen in many vertebrate species. Human speech is an extreme version of this pervasive form of communication. Unlike the vocalizations exhibited by the majority of land vertebrates, speech is a learned behavior requiring early sensory exposure and auditory feedback for its development and maintenance. Studies in humans and a small number of other species have provided insights into the neural and genetic basis for learned vocal communication and are helping to delineate the roles of brain circuits across the cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum in generating vocal behaviors. This Review provides an outline of the current knowledge about these circuits and the genes implicated in vocal communication, as well as a perspective on future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.
| | - Todd F Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.
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43
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Pettigrew KA, Frinton E, Nudel R, Chan MTM, Thompson P, Hayiou-Thomas ME, Talcott JB, Stein J, Monaco AP, Hulme C, Snowling MJ, Newbury DF, Paracchini S. Further evidence for a parent-of-origin effect at the NOP9 locus on language-related phenotypes. J Neurodev Disord 2016; 8:24. [PMID: 27307794 PMCID: PMC4908686 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific language impairment (SLI) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, observed in 5-10 % of children. Family and twin studies suggest a strong genetic component, but relatively few candidate genes have been reported to date. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) described the first statistically significant association specifically for a SLI cohort between a missense variant (rs4280164) in the NOP9 gene and language-related phenotypes under a parent-of-origin model. Replications of these findings are particularly challenging because the availability of parental DNA is required. METHODS We used two independent family-based cohorts characterised with reading- and language-related traits: a longitudinal cohort (n = 106 informative families) including children with language and reading difficulties and a nuclear family cohort (n = 264 families) selected for dyslexia. RESULTS We observed association with language-related measures when modelling for parent-of-origin effects at the NOP9 locus in both cohorts: minimum P = 0.001 for phonological awareness with a paternal effect in the first cohort and minimum P = 0.0004 for irregular word reading with a maternal effect in the second cohort. Allelic and parental trends were not consistent when compared to the original study. CONCLUSIONS A parent-of-origin effect at this locus was detected in both cohorts, albeit with different trends. These findings contribute in interpreting the original GWAS report and support further investigations of the NOP9 locus and its role in language-related traits. A systematic evaluation of parent-of-origin effects in genetic association studies has the potential to reveal novel mechanisms underlying complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Frinton
- />School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
| | - Ron Nudel
- />Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - May T. M. Chan
- />Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
- />Worcester College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2HB UK
| | - Paul Thompson
- />Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UK
| | | | - Joel B. Talcott
- />School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - John Stein
- />Department of Physiology, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UK
| | - Anthony P. Monaco
- />Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Charles Hulme
- />Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, WC1 3PG UK
| | - Margaret J. Snowling
- />Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UK
- />St John’s College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3JP UK
| | - Dianne F. Newbury
- />Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Silvia Paracchini
- />School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
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Gialluisi A, Visconti A, Willcutt EG, Smith SD, Pennington BF, Falchi M, DeFries JC, Olson RK, Francks C, Fisher SE. Investigating the effects of copy number variants on reading and language performance. J Neurodev Disord 2016; 8:17. [PMID: 27186239 PMCID: PMC4868026 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reading and language skills have overlapping genetic bases, most of which are still unknown. Part of the missing heritability may be caused by copy number variants (CNVs). METHODS In a dataset of children recruited for a history of reading disability (RD, also known as dyslexia) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their siblings, we investigated the effects of CNVs on reading and language performance. First, we called CNVs with PennCNV using signal intensity data from Illumina OmniExpress arrays (~723,000 probes). Then, we computed the correlation between measures of CNV genomic burden and the first principal component (PC) score derived from several continuous reading and language traits, both before and after adjustment for performance IQ. Finally, we screened the genome, probe-by-probe, for association with the PC scores, through two complementary analyses: we tested a binary CNV state assigned for the location of each probe (i.e., CNV+ or CNV-), and we analyzed continuous probe intensity data using FamCNV. RESULTS No significant correlation was found between measures of CNV burden and PC scores, and no genome-wide significant associations were detected in probe-by-probe screening. Nominally significant associations were detected (p~10(-2)-10(-3)) within CNTN4 (contactin 4) and CTNNA3 (catenin alpha 3). These genes encode cell adhesion molecules with a likely role in neuronal development, and they have been previously implicated in autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. A further, targeted assessment of candidate CNV regions revealed associations with the PC score (p~0.026-0.045) within CHRNA7 (cholinergic nicotinic receptor alpha 7), which encodes a ligand-gated ion channel and has also been implicated in neurodevelopmental conditions and language impairment. FamCNV analysis detected a region of association (p~10(-2)-10(-4)) within a frequent deletion ~6 kb downstream of ZNF737 (zinc finger protein 737, uncharacterized protein), which was also observed in the association analysis using CNV calls. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that CNVs do not underlie a substantial proportion of variance in reading and language skills. Analysis of additional, larger datasets is warranted to further assess the potential effects that we found and to increase the power to detect CNV effects on reading and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gialluisi
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands ; Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erik G Willcutt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA ; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Shelley D Smith
- Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | | | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John C DeFries
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA ; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Richard K Olson
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA ; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Clyde Francks
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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45
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Mozzi A, Forni D, Clerici M, Pozzoli U, Mascheretti S, Guerini FR, Riva S, Bresolin N, Cagliani R, Sironi M. The evolutionary history of genes involved in spoken and written language: beyond FOXP2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22157. [PMID: 26912479 PMCID: PMC4766443 DOI: 10.1038/srep22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans possess a communication system based on spoken and written language. Other animals can learn vocalization by imitation, but this is not equivalent to human language. Many genes were described to be implicated in language impairment (LI) and developmental dyslexia (DD), but their evolutionary history has not been thoroughly analyzed. Herein we analyzed the evolution of ten genes involved in DD and LI. Results show that the evolutionary history of LI genes for mammals and aves was comparable in vocal-learner species and non-learners. For the human lineage, several sites showing evidence of positive selection were identified in KIAA0319 and were already present in Neanderthals and Denisovans, suggesting that any phenotypic change they entailed was shared with archaic hominins. Conversely, in FOXP2, ROBO1, ROBO2, and CNTNAP2 non-coding changes rose to high frequency after the separation from archaic hominins. These variants are promising candidates for association studies in LI and DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mozzi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Diego Forni
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Uberto Pozzoli
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Sara Mascheretti
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Riva
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
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Lee JC, Mueller KL, Tomblin JB. Examining Procedural Learning and Corticostriatal Pathways for Individual Differences in Language: Testing Endophenotypes of DRD2/ANKK1. LANGUAGE, COGNITION AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 31:1098-1114. [PMID: 31768398 PMCID: PMC6876848 DOI: 10.1080/23273798.2015.1089359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore whether genetic variation in the dopaminergic system is associated with procedural learning and the corticostriatal pathways in individuals with developmental language impairment (DLI). We viewed these two systems as endophenotypes and hypothesized that they would be more sensitive indicators of genetic effects than the language phenotype itself. Thus, we genotyped two SNPs in the DRD2/ANKK1 gene complex, and tested for their associations to the phenotype of DLI and the two endophenotypes. Results showed that individuals with DLI revealed poor procedural learning abilities and abnormal structures of the basal ganglia. Genetic variation in DRD2/ANKK1 was associated with procedural learning abilities and with microstructural differences of the caudate nucleus. The association of the language phenotype with these DRD2/ANKK1 polymorphisms was not significant, but the phenotype was significantly associated with the two endophenotypes. We suggest that procedural learning and the corticostriatal pathways could be used as effective endophenotypes to aid molecular genetic studies searching for genes predisposing to DLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C. Lee
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Mueller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J. Bruce Tomblin
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Parnandi A, Karappa V, Lan T, Shahin M, McKechnie J, Ballard K, Ahmed B, Gutierrez-Osuna R. Development of a Remote Therapy Tool for Childhood Apraxia of Speech. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ACCESSIBLE COMPUTING 2015. [DOI: 10.1145/2776895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a multitier system for the remote administration of speech therapy to children with apraxia of speech. The system uses a client-server architecture model and facilitates task-oriented remote therapeutic training in both in-home and clinical settings. The system allows a speech language pathologist (SLP) to remotely assign speech production exercises to each child through a web interface and the child to practice these exercises in the form of a game on a mobile device. The mobile app records the child's utterances and streams them to a back-end server for automated scoring by a speech-analysis engine. The SLP can then review the individual recordings and the automated scores through a web interface, provide feedback to the child, and adapt the training program as needed. We have validated the system through a pilot study with children diagnosed with apraxia of speech, their parents, and SLPs. Here, we describe the overall client-server architecture, middleware tools used to build the system, speech-analysis tools for automatic scoring of utterances, and present results from a clinical study. Our results support the feasibility of the system as a complement to traditional face-to-face therapy through the use of mobile tools and automated speech analysis algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tian Lan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Zhao YJ, Wang YP, Yang WZ, Sun HW, Ma HW, Zhao YR. CNTNAP2 Is Significantly Associated With Speech Sound Disorder in the Chinese Han Population. J Child Neurol 2015; 30:1806-11. [PMID: 25895914 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815581609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Speech sound disorder is the most common communication disorder. Some investigations support the possibility that the CNTNAP2 gene might be involved in the pathogenesis of speech-related diseases. To investigate single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the CNTNAP2 gene, 300 unrelated speech sound disorder patients and 200 normal controls were included in the study. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms were amplified and directly sequenced. Significant differences were found in the genotype (P = .0003) and allele (P = .0056) frequencies of rs2538976 between patients and controls. The excess frequency of the A allele in the patient group remained significant after Bonferroni correction (P = .0280). A significant haplotype association with rs2710102T/+rs17236239A/+2538976A/+2710117A (P = 4.10e-006) was identified. A neighboring single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs10608123, was found in complete linkage disequilibrium with rs2538976, and the genotypes exactly corresponded to each other. The authors propose that these CNTNAP2 variants increase the susceptibility to speech sound disorder. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs10608123 and rs2538976 may merge into one single-nucleotide polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jing Zhao
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue-Ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Yang
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Wei Ma
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhao
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Abstract
Language is a defining characteristic of the human species, but its foundations remain mysterious. Heritable disorders offer a gateway into biological underpinnings, as illustrated by the discovery that FOXP2 disruptions cause a rare form of speech and language impairment. The genetic architecture underlying language-related disorders is complex, and although some progress has been made, it has proved challenging to pinpoint additional relevant genes with confidence. Next-generation sequencing and genome-wide association studies are revolutionizing understanding of the genetic bases of other neurodevelopmental disorders, like autism and schizophrenia, and providing fundamental insights into the molecular networks crucial for typical brain development. We discuss how a similar genomic perspective, brought to the investigation of language-related phenotypes, promises to yield equally informative discoveries. Moreover, we outline how follow-up studies of genetic findings using cellular systems and animal models can help to elucidate the biological mechanisms involved in the development of brain circuits supporting language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Graham
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; .,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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Association between AVPR1A, DRD2, and ASPM and endophenotypes of communication disorders. Psychiatr Genet 2015; 24:191-200. [PMID: 24849541 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Speech sound disorder (SSD) is one of the most common communication disorders, with a prevalence rate of 16% at 3 years of age, and an estimated 3.8% of children still presenting speech difficulties at 6 years of age. Several studies have identified promising associations between communication disorders and genes in brain and neuronal pathways; however, there have been few studies focusing on SSD and its associated endophenotypes. On the basis of the hypothesis that neuronal genes may influence endophenotypes common to communication disorders, we focused on three genes related to brain and central nervous system functioning: the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene, the arginine-vasopressin receptor 1a (AVPR1A) gene, and the microcephaly-associated protein gene (ASPM). METHODS We examined the association of these genes with key endophenotypes of SSD - phonological memory measured through multisyllabic and nonword repetition, vocabulary measured using the Expressive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and reading decoding measured using the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests Revised - as well as with the clinical phenotype of SSD. We genotyped tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in these genes and examined 498 individuals from 180 families. RESULTS These data show that several single nucleotide polymorphisms in all three genes were associated with phonological memory, vocabulary, and reading decoding, with P less than 0.05. Notably, associations in AVPR1A (rs11832266) were significant after multiple testing correction. Gene-level tests showed that DRD2 was associated with vocabulary, ASPM with vocabulary and reading decoding, and AVPR1A with all three endophenotypes. CONCLUSION Endophenotypes common to SSD, language impairment, and reading disability are all associated with these neuronal pathway genes.
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