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Huang S, Dong W, Lin X, Bian J. Na+/K+-ATPase: ion pump, signal transducer, or cytoprotective protein, and novel biological functions. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2684-2697. [PMID: 38595287 PMCID: PMC11168508 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Na+/K+-ATPase is a transmembrane protein that has important roles in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cell membranes by transporting three Na+ out of and two K+ into cells. Additionally, Na+/K+-ATPase participates in Ca2+-signaling transduction and neurotransmitter release by coordinating the ion concentration gradient across the cell membrane. Na+/K+-ATPase works synergistically with multiple ion channels in the cell membrane to form a dynamic network of ion homeostatic regulation and affects cellular communication by regulating chemical signals and the ion balance among different types of cells. Therefore, it is not surprising that Na+/K+-ATPase dysfunction has emerged as a risk factor for a variety of neurological diseases. However, published studies have so far only elucidated the important roles of Na+/K+-ATPase dysfunction in disease development, and we are lacking detailed mechanisms to clarify how Na+/K+-ATPase affects cell function. Our recent studies revealed that membrane loss of Na+/K+-ATPase is a key mechanism in many neurological disorders, particularly stroke and Parkinson's disease. Stabilization of plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase with an antibody is a novel strategy to treat these diseases. For this reason, Na+/K+-ATPase acts not only as a simple ion pump but also as a sensor/regulator or cytoprotective protein, participating in signal transduction such as neuronal autophagy and apoptosis, and glial cell migration. Thus, the present review attempts to summarize the novel biological functions of Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase-related pathogenesis. The potential for novel strategies to treat Na+/K+-ATPase-related brain diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqiang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wanting Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Hou W, Cai J, Shen P, Zhang S, Xiao S, You P, Tong Y, Li K, Qi Z, Luo H. Identification of FXYD6 as the novel biomarker for glioma based on differential expression and DNA methylation. Cancer Med 2023; 12:22170-22184. [PMID: 38093622 PMCID: PMC10757084 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As a single-transmembrane protein of the FXYD family, FXYD6 plays different roles under physiological and pathological status, especially in the nervous system. This study aims to identify FXYD6 as a biomarker for glioma, by analyzing its expression and methylation patterns. METHODS Using TCGA and GTEx datasets, we analyzed FXYD6 expression in various tissues, confirming its levels in normal brain and different glioma grades via immunoblotting and immunostaining. FXYD6 biological functions were explored through enrichment analysis, and tumor immune infiltration was assessed using ESTIMATE and TIMER algorithms. Pearson correlation analysis probed FXYD6 associations with biological function-related genes. A glioma detection model was developed using FXYD6 methylation data from TCGA and GEO. Consistently, a FXYD6 methylation-based prognostic model was constructed for glioma via LASSO Cox regression. RESULTS FXYD6 was observed to be downregulated in GBM and implicated in a range of cellular functions, including synapse formation, cell junctions, immune checkpoint, ferroptosis, EMT, and pyroptosis. Hypermethylation of specific FXYD6 CpG sites in gliomas was identified, which could be used to build a diagnostic model. Additionally, FXYD6 methylation-based prognostic model could serve as an independent factor as well. CONCLUSIONS FXYD6 is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma, with its methylation-based prognostic model serving as an independent factor. This highlights its potential in clinical application for glioma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Pei Shen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Shanghai QuietD Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Siyu Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Gongan HospitalHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Pu You
- Shanghai QuietD Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Yusheng Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Shanghai QuietD Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Zengxin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Luo
- Shanghai QuietD Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
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Anand U, Anand P, Sodergren MH. Terpenes in Cannabis sativa Inhibit Capsaicin Responses in Rat DRG Neurons via Na +/K + ATPase Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16340. [PMID: 38003528 PMCID: PMC10671062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes in Cannabis sativa exert analgesic effects, but the mechanisms are uncertain. We examined the effects of 10 terpenes on capsaicin responses in an established model of neuronal hypersensitivity. Adult rat DRG neurons cultured with neurotrophic factors NGF and GDNF were loaded with Fura2AM for calcium imaging, and treated with individual terpenes or vehicle for 5 min, followed by 1 µMol capsaicin. In vehicle treated control experiments, capsaicin elicited immediate and sustained calcium influx. Most neurons treated with terpenes responded to capsaicin after 6-8 min. Few neurons showed immediate capsaicin responses that were transient or normal. The delayed responses were found to be due to calcium released from the endoplasmic reticulum, as they were maintained in calcium/magnesium free media, but not after thapsigargin pre-treatment. Terpene inhibition of calcium influx was reversed after washout of medium, in the absence of terpenes, and in the presence of the Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor ouabain, but not CB1 or CB2 receptor antagonists. Thus, terpenes inhibit capsaicin evoked calcium influx by Na+/K+ ATPase activation. Immunofluorescence showed TRPV1 co-expression with α1β1 Na+/K+ ATPase in most neurons while others were either TRPV1 or α1β1 Na+/K+ ATPase positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Anand
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK; (P.A.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Praveen Anand
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK; (P.A.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Mikael Hans Sodergren
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK; (P.A.); (M.H.S.)
- Curaleaf International Ltd., 179 Great Portland Street, London W1W 5PL, UK
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Sun L, Qu K, Liu Y, Ma X, Chen N, Zhang J, Huang B, Lei C. Assessing genomic diversity and selective pressures in Bashan cattle by whole-genome sequencing data. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:835-846. [PMID: 34762022 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1998094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Specific ecological environments and domestication have continuously influenced the physiological characteristics of Chinese indigenous cattle. Among them, Bashan cattle belongs to one of the indigenous breeds. However, the genomic diversity of Bashan cattle is still unknown. Published whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of 13 Bashan cattle and 48 worldwide cattle were used to investigate the genetic composition and selection characteristics of Bashan cattle. The population structure analysis revealed that Bashan cattle harbored ancestries with East Asian taurine and Chinese indicine. Genetic diversity analysis implied the relatively high genomic diversity in Bashan cattle. Through the identification of containing >5 nsSNPs or frameshift mutations genes in Bashan cattle, a large number of pathways related to sensory perception were discovered. CLR, θπ ratio, FST, and XP-EHH methods were used to detect the candidate signatures of positive selection in Bashan cattle. Among the identified genes, most of the enriched signal pathways were related to environmental information processing, biological systems, and metabolism. We mainly reported genes related to the nervous system (HCN1, KATNA1, FSTL1, GRIK2, and CPLX2), immune (CD244, SLAMF1, LY9, and CD48), and reproduction (AKR1C1, AKR1C3, AKR1C4, and TUSC3). Our findings will be significant in understanding the molecular basis underlying phenotypic variation of breed-related traits and improving productivity in Bashan cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kaixing Qu
- Academy of Science and Technology, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, China
| | - Yangkai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Thouaye M, Yalcin I. Neuropathic pain: From actual pharmacological treatments to new therapeutic horizons. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108546. [PMID: 37832728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system, affects between 3 and 17% of the general population. The treatment of neuropathic pain is challenging due to its heterogeneous etiologies, lack of objective diagnostic tools and resistance to classical analgesic drugs. First-line treatments recommended by the Special Interest Group on Neuropathic Pain (NeuPSIG) and European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) include gabapentinoids, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Nevertheless these treatments have modest efficacy or dose limiting side effects. There is therefore a growing number of preclinical and clinical studies aim at developing new treatment strategies to treat neuropathic pain with better efficacy, selectivity, and less side effects. In this review, after a brief description of the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and limitations of current therapeutic drugs, we reviewed new preclinical and clinical targets currently under investigation, as well as promising non-pharmacological alternatives and their potential co-use with pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Thouaye
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ipek Yalcin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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6
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Horak M, Fairweather D, Kokkonen P, Bednar D, Bienertova-Vasku J. Follistatin-like 1 and its paralogs in heart development and cardiovascular disease. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 27:2251-2265. [PMID: 35867287 PMCID: PMC11140762 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels and a leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, there is a need to identify new cardiokines that may protect the heart from damage as reported in GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators (2018) (The Lancet 392:1736-1788). Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a cardiokine that is highly expressed in the heart and released to the serum after cardiac injury where it is associated with CVD and predicts poor outcome. The action of FSTL1 likely depends not only on the tissue source but also post-translation modifications that are target tissue- and cell-specific. Animal studies examining the effect of FSTL1 in various models of heart disease have exploded over the past 15 years and primarily report a protective effect spanning from inhibiting inflammation via transforming growth factor, preventing remodeling and fibrosis to promoting angiogenesis and hypertrophy. A better understanding of FSTL1 and its homologs is needed to determine whether this protein could be a useful novel biomarker to predict poor outcome and death and whether it has therapeutic potential. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the literature for this family of proteins in order to better understand their role in normal physiology and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Horak
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Piia Kokkonen
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Bednar
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Bienertova-Vasku
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
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Ju C, Liang J, Zhang M, Zhao J, Li L, Chen S, Zhao J, Gao X. The mouse resource at National Resource Center for Mutant Mice. Mamm Genome 2022; 33:143-156. [PMID: 35138443 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are essential for dissecting disease mechanisms and defining potential drug targets. There are more than 18,500 mouse strains available for research communities in National Resource Center for Mutant Mice (NRCMM) of China, affiliated with Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and Gempharmatech Company. In 2019, Gempharmatech launched the Knockout All Project (KOAP) aiming to generate null mutants and gene floxed strains for all protein-coding genes in mouse genome within 5 years. So far, KOAP has generated 8,004 floxed strains and 9,769 KO (knockout) strains (updated to Oct, 2021). NRCMM also created hundreds of Cre transgenic lines, mutant knock-in models, immuno-deficient models, and humanized mouse models. As a member of the international mouse phenotyping consortium (IMPC), NRCMM provides comprehensive phenotyping services for mouse models. In summary, NRCMM will continue to support biomedical community with new mouse models as well as related services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuai Chen
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- GemPharmatech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, China. .,GemPharmatech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China. .,Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Wang X, Wu Y, Liu L, Bai H, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Ma T, Song X, Jia L, Lv L, Yu Y, Xu X, Chen H, Gao L. Xylazole inhibits NO-cGMP pathway in fetal rat nerve cells. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e16. [PMID: 35088953 PMCID: PMC8799944 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xylazole (Xyl) is a veterinary anesthetic that is structurally and functionally similar to xylazine. However, the effects of Xyl in vitro remain unknown. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the anesthetic mechanism of Xyl using fetal rat nerve cells treated with Xyl. Methods Fetal rat nerve cells cultured for seven days were treated with 10, 20, 30, and 40 μg/ mL Xyl for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Variations of amino acid neurotransmitters (AANTs), Nitric oxide-Cyclic GMP (NO-cGMP) signaling pathway, and ATPase were evaluated. Results Xyl decreased the levels of cGMP and NO in nerve cells. Furthermore, Xyl affected the AANT content and Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity in nerve cells. These findings suggested that Xyl inhibited the NO-cGMP signaling pathway in nerve cells in vitro. Conclusions This study provided new evidence that the anesthetic and analgesic effects of Xyl are related to the inhibition of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Hui Bai
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Mingchao Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Tianwen Ma
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Liangyu Lv
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Li Gao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
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Follistatin-Like 1 Induces the Activation of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells to Promote Airway Inflammation in Asthma. Inflammation 2021; 45:904-918. [PMID: 34757553 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease closely related to airway inflammation. It has been proven that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play an essential role in airway inflammation in asthma. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) can participate in various inflammatory reactions mediated by the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, among others. Therefore, we put forward a new hypothesis: FSTL1 promotes asthmatic airway inflammation by activating ILC2. This study generated an ovalbumin-sensitized asthma model in C57BL/6 and Fstl1+/- mice. The results showed that the absolute number and the proportion of ILC2 in the ovalbumin-challenged Fstl1+/- group were lower than in the ovalbumin-challenged wild-type group. We also measured the levels of Th2-type cytokines in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice and found that the corresponding cytokines in the Fstl1+/- were lower than in the wild-type groups. Finally, we tested whether MEK-JAK-STAT-GATA3 is the specific pathway for FSTL1 to activate ILC2, and further tested our working hypothesis by adding various inhibitors of proteins from this pathway. Overall, these findings reveal that FSTL1 can activate ILC2 through MEK-JAK-STAT-GATA3 to promote airway inflammation and participate in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Follistatin-Like Proteins: Structure, Functions and Biomedical Importance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080999. [PMID: 34440203 PMCID: PMC8391210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Main forms of cellular signal transmission are known to be autocrine and paracrine signaling. Several cells secrete messengers called autocrine or paracrine agents that can bind the corresponding receptors on the surface of the cells themselves or their microenvironment. Follistatin and follistatin-like proteins can be called one of the most important bifunctional messengers capable of displaying both autocrine and paracrine activity. Whilst they are not as diverse as protein hormones or protein kinases, there are only five types of proteins. However, unlike protein kinases, there are no minor proteins among them; each follistatin-like protein performs an important physiological function. These proteins are involved in a variety of signaling pathways and biological processes, having the ability to bind to receptors such as DIP2A, TLR4, BMP and some others. The activation or experimentally induced knockout of the protein-coding genes often leads to fatal consequences for individual cells and the whole body as follistatin-like proteins indirectly regulate the cell cycle, tissue differentiation, metabolic pathways, and participate in the transmission chains of the pro-inflammatory intracellular signal. Abnormal course of these processes can cause the development of oncology or apoptosis, programmed cell death. There is still no comprehensive understanding of the spectrum of mechanisms of action of follistatin-like proteins, so the systematization and study of their cellular functions and regulation is an important direction of modern molecular and cell biology. Therefore, this review focuses on follistatin-related proteins that affect multiple targets and have direct or indirect effects on cellular signaling pathways, as well as to characterize the directions of their practical application in the field of biomedicine.
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Wang Y, Zhang D, Liu T, Wang JF, Wu JX, Zhao JP, Xu JW, Zhang JT, Dong L. FSTL1 aggravates OVA-induced inflammatory responses by activating the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway in mice and macrophages. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:777-787. [PMID: 34076707 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma, a well-known disease with high morbidity, is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. However, the allergic inflammation mechanisms of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) have not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects of FSTL1 in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice and macrophages on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling pathway. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into control-WT, OVA-WT, control-Fstl1±, OVA-Fstl1±. Histological changes were assessed by HE and PAS staining. The protein levels of Muc-5AC, FSTL1, NLRP3, and IL-1β in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mice and human serum samples were detected by ELISA. Then, mice were grouped into control, FSTL1, MCC950 + FSTL1 to further investigate the relationship between FSTL1 and NLRP3/IL-1β. Alveolar macrophage cells (MH-S cells) were separated into control, OVA, FSTL1, OVA + FSTL1, OVA + siNC, OVA + siFSTL1, MCC950, and FSTL1 + MCC950 groups to explore the effect of FSTL1 on the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling. The protein expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in MH-S cells was detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The present results uncovered that Fstl1± significantly ameliorated OVA-induced Muc-5AC production and mucus hypersecretion. Fstl1± was also found to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cell infiltration in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Meanwhile, the serum concentrations of FSTL1 and IL-1β were higher in asthma subjects than the health subjects, and Fstl1± ameliorated the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Furthermore, mice by injected FSTL1 substantially stimulated the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β, while pretreatment with MCC950 in mice significantly weakened the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β induced by injection FSTL1. Pretreatment with siFSTL1 or MCC950 significantly reduced the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β induced by OVA or FSTL1 in MH-S cells. CONCLUSIONS The study results showed that FSTL1 played an important role in allergic airway inflammation by activating NLRP3/IL-1β. Hence, inhibition FSTL1 could be applied as a therapeutic agent against asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Fei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xiang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ping Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Xu
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China.
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12
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Luo H, Cai B, Pan J, Shi HX, Wang KK, Zhong YQ, Lu YJ, Bao L, Zhang X, Li KC. FXYD6 promotes thermal nociception by regulating TRPV1. Mol Pain 2021. [PMCID: PMC7887684 DOI: 10.1177/1744806921992249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
FXYD6, an unnecessary auxiliary subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase, is expressed in the nervous system. However, its functions remain largely unclear. In the present study, we find that FXYD6 is involved in the thermal nociception. FXYD6 was mainly expressed in small-diameter DRG neurons expressing transient receptor potential channel V1 (TRPV1). In the SNS-Cre/Fxyd6F/F mice, loss of FXYD6 in these sensory neurons impaired the behavioral responses to noxious heat stimulus and intraplantar injection of capsaicin. The capsaicin-induced and TRPV1-mediated currents were decreased in the FXYD6–deficient DRG neurons. Heterologous expression of FXYD6 could increase the TRPV1 capsaicin-sensitive currents in HEK293 cells. Furthermore, we found that the negatively charged PGDEE motif in C-terminal of FXYD6 is required for the FXYD6/TRPV1 interaction and FXYD6-mediated enhancement of TRPV1. Disrupting the FXYD6/TRPV1 interaction with the TAT-PGDEE peptide could elevate the threshold of thermal nociception. Therefore, FXYD6 maintains the thermal nociception via interacting with TRPV1 channel in nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Brain-Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Institute of Brain-Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Xiang Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Kai Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qing Zhong
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jin Lu
- Institute of Brain-Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Bao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Brain-Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences/XuHui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Cheng Li
- Institute of Brain-Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences/XuHui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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13
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Input-output signal processing plasticity of vagal motor neurons in response to cardiac ischemic injury. iScience 2021; 24:102143. [PMID: 33665562 PMCID: PMC7898179 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal stimulation is emerging as the next frontier in bioelectronic medicine to modulate peripheral organ health and treat disease. The neuronal molecular phenotypes in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) remain largely unexplored, limiting the potential for harnessing the DMV plasticity for therapeutic interventions. We developed a mesoscale single-cell transcriptomics data from hundreds of DMV neurons under homeostasis and following physiological perturbations. Our results revealed that homeostatic DMV neuronal states can be organized into distinguishable input-output signal processing units. Remote ischemic preconditioning induced a distinctive shift in the neuronal states toward diminishing the role of inhibitory inputs, with concomitant changes in regulatory microRNAs miR-218a and miR-495. Chronic cardiac ischemic injury resulted in a dramatic shift in DMV neuronal states suggestive of enhanced neurosecretory function. We propose a DMV molecular network mechanism that integrates combinatorial neurotransmitter inputs from multiple brain regions and humoral signals to modulate cardiac health.
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14
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FSTL1 aggravates cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and airway remodeling by regulating autophagy. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:45. [PMID: 33509151 PMCID: PMC7841997 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), a critical factor during embryogenesis particularly in respiratory lung development, is a novel mediator related to inflammation and tissue remodeling. We tried to investigate the role of FSTL1 in CS-induced autophagy dysregulation, airway inflammation and remodeling. METHODS Serum and lung specimens were obtained from COPD patients and controls. Adult female wild-type (WT) mice, FSTL1± mice and FSTL1flox/+ mice were exposed to room air or chronic CS. Additionally, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of autophagy, was applied in CS-exposed WT mice. The lung tissues and serum from patients and murine models were tested for FSTL1 and autophagy-associated protein expression by ELISA, western blotting and immunohistochemical. Autophagosome were observed using electron microscope technology. LTB4, IL-8 and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice were examined using ELISA. Airway remodeling and lung function were also assessed. RESULTS Both FSTL1 and autophagy biomarkers increased in COPD patients and CS-exposed WT mice. Autophagy activation was upregulated in CS-exposed mice accompanied by airway remodeling and airway inflammation. FSTL1± mice showed a lower level of CS-induced autophagy compared with the control mice. FSTL1± mice can also resist CS-induced inflammatory response, airway remodeling and impaired lung function. CS-exposed WT mice with 3-MA pretreatment have a similar manifestation with CS-exposed FSTL1± mice. CONCLUSIONS FSTL1 promotes CS-induced COPD by modulating autophagy, therefore targeting FSTL1 and autophagy may shed light on treating cigarette smoke-induced COPD.
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15
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Chen S, Zou Q, Chen Y, Kuang X, Wu W, Guo M, Cai Y, Li Q. Regulation of SPARC family proteins in disorders of the central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2020; 163:178-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Xiang S, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Ke Z, Shang Y, Ning W, Yang Z, Zhang T. Knockdown of Follistatin-like 1 disrupts synaptic transmission in hippocampus and leads to cognitive impairments. Exp Neurol 2020; 333:113412. [PMID: 32721453 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), also named transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-inducible gene, is a secreted extracellular glycoprotein expressing widely in nervous system. Several recent studies have revealed that FSTL1 plays an essential role in neurological diseases including neuropathic pain and ischemic stroke. It proves that FSTL1 suppresses synaptic transmission by activating Na/K-ATPase in DRG neurons and inhibits neuronal apoptosis by phosphorylation AKT signaling. However, it is not clear whether FSTL1 can play a role in other type of neuron or neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we found that the mice with Fstl1 genetic knockdown showed not only the impairments of learning and memory abilities, but also abnormal neural oscillations and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Subsequently, we identified broad transcriptional changes including 55 up-regulated and 184 down-regulated genes in Fstl1 knockdown mice by RNA-Seq analysis, as well as neurotransmitter transport, synaptic transmission and disease-related genes. The expression changes of some DEGs were further validated via quantitative Realtime PCR (qRT-PCR). Further patch-clamp whole cell recording showed that Fstl1+/- mice displayed a significant decrease in glutamatergic synaptic transmission and increase in GABAergic synaptic transmission, which were consistent with the RNA-Seq analysis. Taken together, our results provide an evidence and a possibly underlying mechanism for the critical role of FSTL1 in the hippocampus on learning and memory and normal neural oscillations, suggesting that FSTL1 may plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases related to cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Xiang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China; College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Tianyue Jiang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Ziying Ke
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yingchun Shang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Wen Ning
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Zhuo Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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17
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Jiang H, Zhang L, Liu X, Sun W, Kato K, Chen C, Li X, Li T, Sun Z, Han W, Zhang F, Xiao Q, Yang Z, Hu J, Qin Z, Adams RH, Gao X, He Y. Angiocrine FSTL1 (Follistatin-Like Protein 1) Insufficiency Leads to Atrial and Venous Wall Fibrosis via SMAD3 Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:958-972. [PMID: 32078339 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiocrine factors, mediating the endothelial-mural cell interaction in vascular wall construction as well as maintenance, are incompletely characterized. This study aims to investigate the role of endothelial cell-derived FSTL1 (follistatin-like protein 1) in vascular homeostasis. Approach and Results: Using conditional knockout mouse models, we show that loss of FSTL1 in endothelial cells (Fstl1ECKO) led to an increase of pulmonary vascular resistance, resulting in the heart regurgitation especially with tricuspid valves. However, this abnormality was not detected in mutant mice with Fstl1 knockout in smooth muscle cells or hematopoietic cells. We further showed that there was excessive αSMA (α-smooth muscle actin) associated with atrial endocardia, heart valves, veins, and microvessels after the endothelial FSTL1 deletion. There was also an increase in collagen deposition, as demonstrated in livers of Fstl1ECKO mutants. The SMAD3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) phosphorylation (pSMAD3) was significantly enhanced, and pSMAD3 staining was colocalized with αSMA in vein walls, suggesting the activation of TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) signaling in vascular mural cells of Fstl1ECKO mice. Consistently, treatment with a TGFβ pathway inhibitor reduced the abnormal association of αSMA with the atria and blood vessels in Fstl1ECKO mutant mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that endothelial FSTL1 is critical for the homeostasis of vascular walls, and its insufficiency may favor cardiovascular fibrosis leading to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Jiang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Luqing Zhang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.).,MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Xuelian Liu
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Wei Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.).,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (W.S.)
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (K.K., R.H.A.).,Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Chuankai Chen
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Xiao Li
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Taotao Li
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Zhiliang Sun
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Wencan Han
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Fujing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Qi Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Junhao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (J.H.)
| | - Zhihai Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China (Z.Q.)
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (K.K., R.H.A.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Yulong He
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
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Nerve Injury-Induced Neuronal PAP-I Maintains Neuropathic Pain by Activating Spinal Microglia. J Neurosci 2019; 40:297-310. [PMID: 31744864 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1414-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis-associated proteins (PAPs) display multiple functions in visceral diseases. Previous studies showed that the expression level of PAP-I was low in the DRG of naive rats but was de novo expressed after peripheral nerve injury. However, its role in neuropathic pain remains unknown. We found that PAP-I expression was continuously upregulated in the DRG neurons from rat spared nerve injury models, and transported toward the spinal dorsal horn to act as a proinflammatory factor. Intrathecal delivery of PAP-I enhanced sensory hyperalgesia, whereas PAP-I deficiency by either gene knockout or antibody application alleviated tactile allodynia at the maintenance phase after spared nerve injury. Furthermore, PAP-I functioned by activating the spinal microglia via C-C chemokine receptor Type 2 that participated in neuropathic pain. Inhibition of either microglial activation or C-C chemokine receptor Type 2 abolished the PAP-I-induced hyperalgesia. Thus, PAP-I mediates the neuron-microglial crosstalk after peripheral nerve injury and contributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuropathic pain is maladaptive pain condition, and the maintaining mechanism is largely unclear. Here we reveal that, after peripheral nerve injury, PAP-I can be transported to the spinal dorsal horn and is crucial in the progression of neuropathic pain. Importantly, we prove that PAP-I mainly functions through activating the spinal microglia via the CCR2-p38 MAPK pathway. Furthermore, we confirm that the proinflammatory effect of PAP-I is more prominent after the establishment of neuropathic pain, thus indicating that microglia also participate in the maintenance phase of neuropathic pain.
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19
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Mehmood S, Bilal M, Manzoor R, Iqbal H. Deciphering the adult brain development complexity by single-cell transcriptome analysis—a review. MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Li X, Li L, Chang Y, Ning W, Liu X. Structural and functional study of FK domain of Fstl1. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1819-1829. [PMID: 31351024 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fstl1 is a TGF-β superfamily binding protein which involved in many pathological processes. The function of Fstl1 has been widely elucidated, but its structural characterization has not been explored. Here we solved the high-resolution crystal structure of FK domain of murine Fstl1, analyzed its unique characteristics, and investigated its contribution to the function of full-length Fstl1. We found that Fstl1-FK forms a stable dimer in both solution and crystal, which suggest that this protein may function as a dimer during its interaction with TGF-β, a molecule known to form dimer during activation process. We also found this FK domain is indispensable for the proper function of Fstl1 during the transduction of TGF-β signaling. These observations provide important insights into the understanding of Fstl1 and may facilitate the exploration of this molecule in clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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21
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Prakash S, Mattiotti A, Sylva M, Mulder BJM, Postma AV, van den Hoff MJB. Identifying pathogenic variants in the Follistatin-like 1 gene (FSTL1) in patients with skeletal and atrioventricular valve disorders. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00567. [PMID: 30722102 PMCID: PMC6465659 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) is a glycoprotein expressed throughout embryonic development. Homozygous loss of Fstl1 in mice results in skeletal and respiratory defects, leading to neonatal death due to a collapse of the trachea. Furthermore, Fstl1 conditional deletion from the endocardial/endothelial lineage results in postnatal death due to heart failure and profound atrioventricular valve defects. Here, we investigated patients with phenotypes similar to the phenotypes observed in the transgenic mice, for variants in FSTL1. METHODS In total, 69 genetically unresolved patients were selected with the following phenotypes: campomelic dysplasia (12), small patella syndrome (2), BILU (1), and congenital heart disease patients (54), of which 16 also had kyphoscoliosis, and 38 had valve abnormalities as their main diagnosis. Using qPCR, none of 69 patients showed copy number variations in FSTL1. The entire gene body, including microRNA-198 and three validated microRNA-binding sites, were analyzed using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS No variants were found in the coding region. However, 8 intronic variants were identified that differed significantly in their minor allele frequency compared to controls. Variant rs2272515 was found to significantly correlate (p < 0.05) with kyphoscoliosis. CONCLUSION We conclude that pathogenic variants in FSTL1 are unlikely to be responsible for skeletal or atrioventricular valve anomalies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Prakash
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Mattiotti
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Sylva
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara J M Mulder
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Shrivastava AN, Triller A, Melki R. Cell biology and dynamics of Neuronal Na +/K +-ATPase in health and diseases. Neuropharmacology 2018; 169:107461. [PMID: 30550795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal Na+/K+-ATPase is responsible for the maintenance of ionic gradient across plasma membrane. In doing so, in a healthy brain, Na+/K+-ATPase activity accounts for nearly half of total brain energy consumption. The α3-subunit containing Na+/K+-ATPase expression is restricted to neurons. Heterozygous mutations within α3-subunit leads to Rapid-onset Dystonia Parkinsonism, Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood and other neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, proteins such as α-synuclein, amyloid-β, tau and SOD1 whose aggregation is associated to neurodegenerative diseases directly bind and impair α3-Na+/K+-ATPase activity. The review will provide a summary of neuronal α3-Na+/K+-ATPase functional properties, expression pattern, protein-protein interactions at the plasma membrane, biophysical properties (distribution and lateral diffusion). Lastly, the role of α3-Na+/K+-ATPase in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders will be discussed. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Mobility and trafficking of neuronal membrane proteins'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Nidhi Shrivastava
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Antoine Triller
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, INSERM, CNRS, PSL, Research University, 46 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Yamada S, Itoh N, Nagai T, Nakai T, Ibi D, Nakajima A, Nabeshima T, Yamada K. Innate immune activation of astrocytes impairs neurodevelopment via upregulation of follistatin-like 1 and interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:295. [PMID: 30348171 PMCID: PMC6198367 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (polyI:C) triggers a strong innate immune response that mimics immune activation by viral infections. Induction of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (Ifitm3) in astrocytes has a crucial role in polyI:C-induced neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Through a quantitative proteomic screen, we previously identified candidate astroglial factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase-3 (Mmp3) and follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1), in polyl:C-induced neurodevelopmental impairment. Here, we characterized the Ifitm3-dependent inflammatory processes focusing on astrocyte-derived Fstl1 following polyI:C treatment to assess the neuropathologic role of Fstl1. METHODS Astrocytes were treated with PBS (control) or polyI:C (10 μg/mL). The conditioned medium was collected 24 h after the polyI:C treatment and used as astrocyte condition medium (ACM). The expression of Fstl1 mRNA and extracellular Fstl1 protein levels were analyzed by quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. For functional studies, neurons were treated with ACM and the effects of ACM on dendritic elongation were assayed. To examine the role of Fstl1, recombinant Fstl1 protein and siRNA for Fstl1 were used. To investigate the expression of Fstl1 in vivo, neonatal mice were treated with vehicle or polyI:C on postnatal day 2 to 6. RESULTS ACM prepared with polyI:C (polyI:C ACM) contained significantly higher Fstl1 protein than control ACM, but no increase in Fstl1 was observed in polyI:C ACM derived from Ifitm3-deficient astrocytes. We found that the production of Fstl1 involves the inflammatory responsive molecule Ifitm3 in astrocytes and influences neuronal differentiation. In agreement, the levels of Fstl1 increased in the hippocampus of polyI:C-treated neonatal mice. COS7 cells co-transfected with both Fstl1 and Ifitm3 had higher extracellular levels of Fstl1 than the cells transfected with Fstl1 alone. Treatment of primary cultured hippocampal neurons with recombinant Fstl1 impaired dendritic elongation, and the deleterious effect of polyI:C ACM on dendritic elongation was attenuated by knockdown of Fstl1 in astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS The extracellular level of Fstl1 is regulated by Ifitm3 in astrocytes, which could be involved in polyI:C-induced neurodevelopmental impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Norimichi Itoh
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Science and Aino University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan.
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Barry AM, Sondermann JR, Sondermann JH, Gomez-Varela D, Schmidt M. Region-Resolved Quantitative Proteome Profiling Reveals Molecular Dynamics Associated With Chronic Pain in the PNS and Spinal Cord. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:259. [PMID: 30154697 PMCID: PMC6103001 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain a thorough understanding of chronic pain, large-scale molecular mapping of the pain axis at the protein level is necessary, but has not yet been achieved. We applied quantitative proteome profiling to build a comprehensive protein compendium of three regions of the pain neuraxis in mice: the sciatic nerve (SN), the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and the spinal cord (SC). Furthermore, extensive bioinformatics analysis enabled us to reveal unique protein subsets which are specifically enriched in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and SC. The immense value of these datasets for the scientific community is highlighted by validation experiments, where we monitored protein network dynamics during neuropathic pain. Here, we resolved profound region-specific differences and distinct changes of PNS-enriched proteins under pathological conditions. Overall, we provide a unique and validated systems biology proteome resource (summarized in our online database painproteome.em.mpg.de), which facilitates mechanistic insights into somatosensory biology and chronic pain—a prerequisite for the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Barry
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Julia R Sondermann
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Sondermann
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - David Gomez-Varela
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Goettingen, Germany
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Dash B, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG. Multiple myosin motors interact with sodium/potassium-ATPase alpha 1 subunits. Mol Brain 2018; 11:45. [PMID: 30086768 PMCID: PMC6081954 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha1 (α1) subunit of the sodium/potassium ATPase (i.e., Na+/K+-ATPase α1), the prototypical sodium pump, is expressed in each eukaryotic cell. They pump out three sodium ions in exchange for two extracellular potassium ions to establish a cellular electrochemical gradient important for firing of neuronal and cardiac action potentials. We hypothesized that myosin (myo or myh) motor proteins might interact with Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits in order for them to play an important role in the transport and trafficking of sodium pump. To this end immunoassays were performed to determine whether class II non-muscle myosins (i.e., NMHC-IIA/myh9, NMHC-IIB/myh10 or NMHC-IIC/myh14), myosin Va (myoVa) and myosin VI (myoVI) would interact with Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits. Immunoprecipitation of myh9, myh10, myh14, myoVa and myoVI from rat brain tissues led to the co-immunoprecipitation of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits expressed there. Heterologous expression studies using HEK293 cells indicated that recombinant myh9, myh10, myh14 and myoVI interact with Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells. Additional results indicated that loss of tail regions in recombinant myh9, myh10, myh14 and myoVI did not affect their interaction with Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits. However, recombinant myh9, myh10 and myh14 mutants having reduced or no actin binding ability, as a result of loss of their actin binding sites, displayed greatly reduced or null interaction with Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits. These results suggested the involvement of the actin binding site, but not tail regions, of NMHC-IIs in their interaction with Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits. Overall these results suggest a role for these diverse myosins in the trafficking and transport of sodium pump in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirathi Dash
- Department of Neurology, Yale University Schoolof Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.,Rehabilitation Research center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, Bldg. 34, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale University Schoolof Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.,Rehabilitation Research center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, Bldg. 34, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University Schoolof Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. .,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. .,Rehabilitation Research center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, Bldg. 34, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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Mattiotti A, Prakash S, Barnett P, van den Hoff MJB. Follistatin-like 1 in development and human diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2339-2354. [PMID: 29594389 PMCID: PMC5986856 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a secreted glycoprotein displaying expression changes during development and disease, among which cardiovascular disease, cancer, and arthritis. The cardioprotective role of FSTL1 has been intensively studied over the last years, though its mechanism of action remains elusive. FSTL1 is involved in multiple signaling pathways and biological processes, including vascularization and regulation of the immune response, a feature that complicates its study. Binding to the DIP2A, TLR4 and BMP receptors have been shown, but other molecular partners probably exist. During cancer progression and rheumatoid arthritis, controversial data have been reported with respect to the proliferative, apoptotic, migratory, and inflammatory effects of FSTL1. This controversy might reside in the extensive post-transcriptional regulation of FSTL1. The FSTL1 primary transcript also encodes for a microRNA (miR-198) in primates and multiple microRNA-binding sites are present in the 3'UTR. The switch between expression of the FSTL1 protein and miR-198 is an important regulator of tumour metastasis and wound healing. The glycosylation state of FSTL1 is a determinant of biological activity, in cardiomyocytes the glycosylated form promoting proliferation and the non-glycosylated working anti-apoptotic. Moreover, the glycosylation state shows differences between species and tissues which might underlie the differences observed in in vitro studies. Finally, regulation at the level of protein secretion has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mattiotti
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuti Prakash
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice J B van den Hoff
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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The Correlation between FSTL1 Expression and Airway Remodeling in Asthmatics. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7918472. [PMID: 28845090 PMCID: PMC5560092 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7918472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is characterized by airway remodeling. Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) is an extracellular glycoprotein. Recent studies suggest that FSTL1 may participate in the pathogenesis of asthma. Objectives To analyze the association between FSTL1 and some parameters and inspect the role of FSTL1 in asthma. Methods We examined FSTL1 levels in 32 asthmatics and 25 controls. All subjects enrolled had routine blood tests, spirometry, and impulse oscillometry performed. Additionally, 15 of the 32 asthmatics underwent fibre optic bronchoscopy. Spearman rank analysis was performed to detect the correlation between FSTL1 and other parameters. Results Plasma FSTL1 levels were higher in asthmatics (130.762 ± 46.029 ng/mL) than in controls (95.408 ± 33.938 ng/mL) (p = 0.009). Plasma FSTL1 levels were associated with fibrosis levels around the airways (rs = 0.529, p = 0.043) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (rs = 0.554, p = 0.032). FSTL1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were associated with collagen I (rs = 0.536, p = 0.040), α-SMA (rs = 0.561, p = 0.029), fibrosis levels (rs = 0.779, p = 0.001), and the thickness of the airway reticular basement membrane (RBM) (rs = 0.660, p = 0.007). Conclusions FSTL1 levels in asthmatics were linked with increased smooth muscle mass and thickened RBM. FSTL1 may contribute to airway remodeling in asthmatics.
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Prakash S, Borreguero LJJ, Sylva M, Flores Ruiz L, Rezai F, Gunst QD, de la Pompa JL, Ruijter JM, van den Hoff MJB. Deletion of Fstl1 (Follistatin-Like 1) From the Endocardial/Endothelial Lineage Causes Mitral Valve Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e116-e130. [PMID: 28705792 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fstl1 (Follistatin-like 1) is a secreted protein that is expressed in the atrioventricular valves throughout embryonic development, postnatal maturation, and adulthood. In this study, we investigated the loss of Fstl1 in the endocardium/endothelium and their derived cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS We conditionally ablated Fstl1 from the endocardial lineage using a transgenic Tie2-Cre mouse model. These mice showed a sustained Bmp and Tgfβ signaling after birth. This resulted in ongoing proliferation and endocardial-to-mesenchymal transition and ultimately in deformed nonfunctional mitral valves and a hypertrophic dilated heart. Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic analyses revealed that loss of Fstl1 leads to mitral regurgitation and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac function gradually deteriorated resulting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and death of the mice between 2 and 4 weeks after birth. CONCLUSIONS We report on a mouse model in which deletion of Fstl1 from the endocardial/endothelial lineage results in deformed mitral valves, which cause regurgitation, heart failure, and early cardiac death. The findings provide a potential molecular target for the clinical research into myxomatous mitral valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Prakash
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Luis J J Borreguero
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Marc Sylva
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Lorena Flores Ruiz
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Fereshte Rezai
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Quinn D Gunst
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - José-Luis de la Pompa
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Jan M Ruijter
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Maurice J B van den Hoff
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.).
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Presynaptic inhibition of nociceptive neurotransmission by somatosensory neuron-secreted suppressors. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017. [PMID: 28624955 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Noxious stimuli cause pain by activating cutaneous nociceptors. The Aδ- and C-fibers of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons convey the nociceptive signals to the laminae I-II of spinal cord. In the dorsal horn of spinal cord, the excitatory afferent synaptic transmission is regulated by the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid and modulators such as opioid peptides released from the spinal interneurons, and by serotonin, norepinepherine and dopamine from the descending inhibitory system. In contrast to the accumulated evidence for these central inhibitors and their neural circuits in the dorsal spinal cord, the knowledge about the endogenous suppressive mechanisms in nociceptive DRG neurons remains very limited. In this review, we summarize our recent findings of the presynaptic suppressive mechanisms in nociceptive neurons, the BNP/NPR-A/PKG/BKCa channel pathway, the FSTL1/α1Na+-K+ ATPase pathway and the activin C/ERK pathway. These endogenous suppressive systems in the mechanoheat nociceptors may also contribute differentially to the mechanisms of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain or inflammation-induced pain.
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Profile of Dr. Xu Zhang. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017. [PMID: 28623547 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu T, Liu Y, Miller M, Cao L, Zhao J, Wu J, Wang J, Liu L, Li S, Zou M, Xu J, Broide DH, Dong L. Autophagy plays a role in FSTL1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition and airway remodeling in asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L27-L40. [PMID: 28473327 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00510.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease related to airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling. Airway remodeling is the important reason of refractory asthma and is associated with differentiation of airway epithelia into myofibroblasts via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to increase the process of subepithelial fibrosis. There is growing evidence that autophagy modulates remodeling. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects are still unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) promotes EMT and airway remodeling by intensifying autophagy. With the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), double-membrane autophagosomes were detected in the airways of patients and mice. More autophagosomes were in patients with asthma and OVA-challenged mice compared with healthy controls. The expression of FSTL1 and beclin-1 was upregulated in the airways of patients with asthma and OVA-challenged mice, accompanied by airway EMT and remodeling. In OVA-challenged Fstl1+/- mice, the degree of airway remodeling and autophagy was decreased compared with control mice. The effects of FSTL1 on autophagy and EMT were also tested in 16HBE cells in vitro. Additionally, inhibition of autophagy by using LY-294002 and siRNA-ATG5 reduced the FSTL1-induced EMT in 16HBE cells, as measured by E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin expression. In line herewith, administration of LY-294002 reduced the expression of autophagy, EMT, and airway remodeling markers in FSTL1-challenged WT mice. Taken together, our study suggests that FSTL1 may induce EMT and airway remodeling by activating autophagy. These findings may provide novel avenues for therapeutic research targeting the autophagy and FSTL1 pathway, which may be beneficial to patients with refractory asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Liuzhao Cao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiping Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxiang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junfei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minfang Zou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China;
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Su S, Parris AB, Grossman G, Mohler JL, Wang Z, Wilson EM. Up-Regulation of Follistatin-Like 1 By the Androgen Receptor and Melanoma Antigen-A11 in Prostate Cancer. Prostate 2017; 77:505-516. [PMID: 27976415 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High affinity androgen binding to the androgen receptor (AR) activates genes required for male sex differentiation and promotes the development and progression of prostate cancer. Human AR transcriptional activity involves interactions with coregulatory proteins that include primate-specific melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11), a coactivator that increases AR transcriptional activity during prostate cancer progression to castration-resistant/recurrent prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS Microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to identify androgen-regulated MAGE-A11-dependent genes in LAPC-4 prostate cancer cells after lentivirus shRNA knockdown of MAGE-A11. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to assess androgen-dependent AR recruitment, and immunocytochemistry to localize an androgen-dependent protein in prostate cancer cells and tissue and in the CWR22 human prostate cancer xenograft. RESULTS Microarray analysis of androgen-treated LAPC-4 prostate cancer cells indicated follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is up-regulated by MAGE-A11. Androgen-dependent up-regulation of FSTL1 was inhibited in LAPC-4 cells by lentivirus shRNA knockdown of AR or MAGE-A11. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated AR recruitment to intron 10 of the FSTL1 gene that contains a classical consensus androgen response element. Increased levels of FSTL1 protein in LAPC-4 cells correlated with higher levels of MAGE-A11 relative to other prostate cancer cells. FSTL1 mRNA levels increased in CRPC and castration-recurrent CWR22 xenografts in association with predominantly nuclear FSTL1. Increased nuclear localization of FSTL1 in prostate cancer was suggested by predominantly cytoplasmic FSTL1 in benign prostate epithelial cells and predominantly nuclear FSTL1 in epithelial cells in CRPC tissue and the castration-recurrent CWR22 xenograft. AR expression studies showed nuclear colocalization of AR and endogenous FSTL1 in response to androgen. CONCLUSION AR and MAGE-A11 cooperate in the up-regulation of FSTL1 to promote growth and progression of CRPC. Prostate 77:505-516, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Su
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amanda B Parris
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gail Grossman
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James L Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Urology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Zengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Elizabeth M Wilson
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Su Y, Yuan Y, Feng S, Ma S, Wang Y. High frequency stimulation induces sonic hedgehog release from hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43865. [PMID: 28262835 PMCID: PMC5338313 DOI: 10.1038/srep43865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) as a secreted protein is important for neuronal development in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanism about SHH release remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that SHH was expressed mainly in the synaptic vesicles of hippocampus in both young postnatal and adult rats. High, but not low, frequency stimulation, induces SHH release from the neurons. Moreover, removal of extracellular Ca2+, application of tetrodotoxin (TTX), an inhibitor of voltage-dependent sodium channels, or downregulation of soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) proteins, all blocked SHH release from the neurons in response to HFS. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism to control SHH release from the hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Su
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Feng
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaorong Ma
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizheng Wang
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Watakabe A, Sadakane O, Hata K, Ohtsuka M, Takaji M, Yamamori T. Application of viral vectors to the study of neural connectivities and neural circuits in the marmoset brain. Dev Neurobiol 2016; 77:354-372. [PMID: 27706918 PMCID: PMC5324647 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
It is important to study the neural connectivities and functions in primates. For this purpose, it is critical to be able to transfer genes to certain neurons in the primate brain so that we can image the neuronal signals and analyze the function of the transferred gene. Toward this end, our team has been developing gene transfer systems using viral vectors. In this review, we summarize our current achievements as follows. 1) We compared the features of gene transfer using five different AAV serotypes in combination with three different promoters, namely, CMV, mouse CaMKII (CaMKII), and human synapsin 1 (hSyn1), in the marmoset cortex with those in the mouse and macaque cortices. 2) We used target‐specific double‐infection techniques in combination with TET‐ON and TET‐OFF using lentiviral retrograde vectors for enhanced visualization of neural connections. 3) We used an AAV‐mediated gene transfer method to study the transcriptional control for amplifying fluorescent signals using the TET/TRE system in the primate neocortex. We also established systems for shRNA mediated gene targeting in a neocortical region where a gene is significantly expressed and for expressing the gene using the CMV promoter for an unexpressed neocortical area in the primate cortex using AAV vectors to understand the regulation of downstream genes. Our findings have demonstrated the feasibility of using viral vector mediated gene transfer systems for the study of primate cortical circuits using the marmoset as an animal model. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 354–372, 2017
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiya Watakabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Osamu Sadakane
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsusuke Hata
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanari Ohtsuka
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takaji
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Kim HJ, Kang WY, Seong SJ, Kim SY, Lim MS, Yoon YR. Follistatin-like 1 promotes osteoclast formation via RANKL-mediated NF-κB activation and M-CSF-induced precursor proliferation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1137-1144. [PMID: 27234130 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) functions as a pivotal modulator of inflammation and is implicated in many inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we report that FSTL1 is strongly upregulated and secreted during osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and that FSTL1 positively regulates osteoclast formation induced by RANKL and M-CSF. The overexpression of FSTL1 or treatment with recombinant FSTL1 (rFSTL1) in BMMs enhances the formation of multinuclear osteoclasts and the induction of c-Fos and NFATc1, transcription factors important for osteoclastogenesis. Conversely, knockdown of FSTL1 using a small hairpin RNA suppresses osteoclast formation and the expression of these transcription factors. While FSTL1 does not affect RANKL-stimulated activation of p38 MAPK, phosphorylation of IκBα, JNK, and ERK were increased by overexpression or addition of rFSTL1. Furthermore, rFSTL1 increased RANKL-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition to its role in osteoclastogenesis, FSTL1 promotes proliferation of osteoclast precursors by increasing M-CSF-induced ERK activation, which in turn leads to accelerated osteoclast formation. Together, our findings demonstrate that FSTL1 is a secreted osteoclastogenic factor that plays a critical role in osteoclast formation via the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Clinical Trial Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Youl Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Clinical Trial Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Jin Seong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Clinical Trial Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Yoon Kim
- Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Clinical Trial Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Miller M, Esnault S, Kurten RC, Kelly EA, Beppu A, Das S, Rosenthal P, Ramsdell J, Croft M, Zuraw B, Jarjour N, Hamid Q, Broide DH. Segmental allergen challenge increases levels of airway follistatin-like 1 in patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:596-599.e4. [PMID: 27001159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Richard C Kurten
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, Ark
| | - Elizabeth A Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Andrew Beppu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Peter Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Joe Ramsdell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Bruce Zuraw
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Nizar Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories of McGill University and McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif.
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Abstract
Cup-shaped secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane called porosomes mediate the precision release of intravesicular material from cells. Membrane-bound secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse at the base of porosomes facing the cytosol to expel pressurized intravesicular contents from the cell during secretion. The structure, isolation, composition, and functional reconstitution of the neuronal porosome complex have greatly progressed, providing a molecular understanding of its function in health and disease. Neuronal porosomes are 15 nm cup-shaped lipoprotein structures composed of nearly 40 proteins, compared to the 120 nm nuclear pore complex composed of >500 protein molecules. Membrane proteins compose the porosome complex, making it practically impossible to solve its atomic structure. However, atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray solution scattering studies have provided three-dimensional structural details of the native neuronal porosome at sub-nanometer resolution, providing insights into the molecular mechanism of its function. The participation of several porosome proteins previously implicated in neurotransmission and neurological disorders, further attest to the crosstalk between porosome proteins and their coordinated involvement in release of neurotransmitter at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshata R Naik
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kenneth T Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Bhanu P Jena
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Li CL, Li KC, Wu D, Chen Y, Luo H, Zhao JR, Wang SS, Sun MM, Lu YJ, Zhong YQ, Hu XY, Hou R, Zhou BB, Bao L, Xiao HS, Zhang X. Somatosensory neuron types identified by high-coverage single-cell RNA-sequencing and functional heterogeneity. Cell Res 2015; 26:83-102. [PMID: 26691752 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons are distinguished by distinct signaling networks and receptive characteristics. Thus, sensory neuron types can be defined by linking transcriptome-based neuron typing with the sensory phenotypes. Here we classify somatosensory neurons of the mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) by high-coverage single-cell RNA-sequencing (10 950 ± 1 218 genes per neuron) and neuron size-based hierarchical clustering. Moreover, single DRG neurons responding to cutaneous stimuli are recorded using an in vivo whole-cell patch clamp technique and classified by neuron-type genetic markers. Small diameter DRG neurons are classified into one type of low-threshold mechanoreceptor and five types of mechanoheat nociceptors (MHNs). Each of the MHN types is further categorized into two subtypes. Large DRG neurons are categorized into four types, including neurexophilin 1-expressing MHNs and mechanical nociceptors (MNs) expressing BAI1-associated protein 2-like 1 (Baiap2l1). Mechanoreceptors expressing trafficking protein particle complex 3-like and Baiap2l1-marked MNs are subdivided into two subtypes each. These results provide a new system for cataloging somatosensory neurons and their transcriptome databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Lin Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Kai-Cheng Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Hao Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTec University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing-Rong Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Sa-Shuang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTec University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ming-Ming Sun
- National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jin Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Yan-Qing Zhong
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Xu-Ye Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences/XuHui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Hou
- National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhou
- National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTec University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hua-Sheng Xiao
- National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTec University, Shanghai 200031, China
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Eblen-Zajjur A, Marín R, Vanegas H, Proverbio F, Proverbio T. Diurnal changes in ouabain-sensitive Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the rat spinal dorsal horn. NEUROCHEM J+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241504008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Liu R, Yang Y, Shen J, Chen H, Zhang Q, Ba R, Wei Y, Li KC, Zhang X, Zhao C. Fstl1 is involved in the regulation of radial glial scaffold development. Mol Brain 2015; 8:53. [PMID: 26382033 PMCID: PMC4573935 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radial glial cells (RGCs), the instructive scaffolds for neuronal migration, are well characterized by their unique morphology and polarization; these cells extend elongated basal processes to the pial basement membrane (BM) and parallel to one another. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the developmental regulation and maintenance of this unique morphology. Results Here, by crossing Fstl1fl/fl mice with an EIIa-Cre line, we identified a new role for the secreted glycoprotein Follistatin like-1 (FSTL1). The ablation of Fstl1 in both of its cortical expression domains, the ventricular zone (VZ) and the pia mater, resulted in RGC morphologic disruption; basal processes were not parallel to each other, and endfeet exhibited greater density and branching. However, Fstl1 deletion in only the VZ in the Emx1IREScre; Fstl1fl/fl line did not affect RGC morphology, indicating that FSTL1 derived from the pia mater might be more important for RGC morphology. In addition, upper-layer projection neurons, not deeper-layer projection neurons, failed to reach their appropriate positions. We also found that BMP, AKT/PKB, Cdc42, GSK3β, integrin and reelin signals, which have previously been reported to regulate RGC development, were unchanged, indicating that Fstl1 may function through a unique mechanism. Conclusions In the present study, we identified a new role for FSTL1 in the development of radial glial scaffolds and the neuronal migration of upper-layer projection neurons. Our findings will improve understanding of the regulation of RGC development and neuronal migration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0144-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Junhui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - He Chen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Ru Ba
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Kai-Cheng Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Center of Depression, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Miller M, Beppu A, Rosenthal P, Pham A, Das S, Karta M, Song DJ, Vuong C, Doherty T, Croft M, Zuraw B, Zhang X, Gao X, Aceves S, Chouiali F, Hamid Q, Broide DH. Fstl1 Promotes Asthmatic Airway Remodeling by Inducing Oncostatin M. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3546-56. [PMID: 26355153 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic asthma is associated with airway remodeling and decline in lung function. In this article, we show that follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1), a mediator not previously associated with asthma, is highly expressed by macrophages in the lungs of humans with severe asthma. Chronic allergen-challenged Lys-Cre(tg) /Fstl1(Δ/Δ) mice in whom Fstl1 is inactivated in macrophages/myeloid cells had significantly reduced airway remodeling and reduced levels of oncostatin M (OSM), a cytokine previously not known to be regulated by Fstl1. The importance of the Fstl1 induction of OSM to airway remodeling was demonstrated in murine studies in which administration of Fstl1 induced airway remodeling and increased OSM, whereas administration of an anti-OSM Ab blocked the effect of Fstl1 on inducing airway remodeling, eosinophilic airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness, all cardinal features of asthma. Overall, these studies demonstrate that the Fstl1/OSM pathway may be a novel pathway to inhibit airway remodeling in severe human asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Andrew Beppu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Peter Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alexa Pham
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Maya Karta
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Dae Jin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Christine Vuong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Taylor Doherty
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Bruce Zuraw
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Seema Aceves
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Fazila Chouiali
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories of McGill University and McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2p2, Canada
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories of McGill University and McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2p2, Canada
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
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Kozaki Y, Umetsu R, Mizukami Y, Yamamura A, Kitamori K, Tsuchikura S, Ikeda K, Yamori Y. Peripheral gene expression profile of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by repeated cold stress in SHRSP5/Dmcr rats. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:417-25. [PMID: 25972297 PMCID: PMC10717666 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Repeated cold stress (RCS) is known to transiently induce functional disorders associated with hypotension and hyperalgesia. In this study, we investigated the effects of RCS (24 and 4 °C alternately at 30-min intervals during the day and 4 °C at night for 2 days, followed by 4 °C on the next 2 consecutive nights) on the thresholds for cutaneous mechanical pain responses and on peripheral expression of "pain-related genes" in SHRSP5/Dmcr rats, which are derived from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. To define genes peripherally regulated by RCS, we detected changes in the expression of pain-related genes in dorsal root ganglion cells by PCR-based cDNA subtraction analysis or DNA microarray analysis, and confirmed the changes by RT-PCR. We found significantly changed expression in eight pain-related genes (upregulated: Fyn, St8sia1, and Tac 1; downregulated: Ctsb, Fstl1, Itpr1, Npy, S100a10). At least some of these genes may play key roles in hyperalgesia induced by RCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Kozaki
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Ohmori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan,
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FXYD2: a promising drug target for inflammatory mechanical pain therapy. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Forrest MD. Simulation of alcohol action upon a detailed Purkinje neuron model and a simpler surrogate model that runs >400 times faster. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:27. [PMID: 25928094 PMCID: PMC4417229 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An approach to investigate brain function/dysfunction is to simulate neuron circuits on a computer. A problem, however, is that detailed neuron descriptions are computationally expensive and this handicaps the pursuit of realistic network investigations, where many neurons need to be simulated. RESULTS We confront this issue; we employ a novel reduction algorithm to produce a 2 compartment model of the cerebellar Purkinje neuron from a previously published, 1089 compartment model. It runs more than 400 times faster and retains the electrical behavior of the full model. So, it is more suitable for inclusion in large network models, where computational power is a limiting issue. We show the utility of this reduced model by demonstrating that it can replicate the full model's response to alcohol, which can in turn reproduce experimental recordings from Purkinje neurons following alcohol application. CONCLUSIONS We show that alcohol may modulate Purkinje neuron firing by an inhibition of their sodium-potassium pumps. We suggest that this action, upon cerebellar Purkinje neurons, is how alcohol ingestion can corrupt motor co-ordination. In this way, we relate events on the molecular scale to the level of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Forrest
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, UK.
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45
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Chaly Y, Hostager B, Smith S, Hirsch R. Follistatin-like protein 1 and its role in inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Immunol Res 2015; 59:266-72. [PMID: 24838142 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) is a secreted glycoprotein produced mainly by cells of mesenchymal origin. FSTL1 has been shown to play an important role during embryogenesis; FSTL1-deficient mice die at birth from multiple developmental abnormalities. In the last decade, FSTL1 has been identified as a novel inflammatory protein, enhancing synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by immune cells in vitro and in vivo. FSTL1 mediates proinflammatory events in animal models of inflammatory diseases, particularly in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. FSTL1 is elevated in various inflammatory conditions and decreased during the course of treatment. FSTL1 may therefore be a valuable biomarker for such diseases. Moreover, a variety of experiments suggest that targeting of FSTL1 may be useful in the treatment of diseases in which inflammation plays a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Chaly
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 2191 ML, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA,
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Liu H, Wu QF, Li JY, Liu XJ, Li KC, Zhong YQ, Wu D, Wang Q, Lu YJ, Bao L, Zhang X. Fibroblast growth factor 7 is a nociceptive modulator secreted via large dense-core vesicles. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:466-75. [PMID: 25782913 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 7, a member of FGF family, is initially found to be secreted from mesenchymal cells to repair epithelial tissues. However, its functions in the nervous system are largely unknown. The present study showed that FGF7 was a neuromodulator localized in the large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) in nociceptive neurons. FGF7 was mainly expressed in small-diameter neurons of the dorsal root ganglion and could be transported to the dorsal spinal cord. Interestingly, FGF7 was mostly stored in LDCVs that did not contain neuropeptide substance P. Electrophysiological recordings in the spinal cord slice showed that buffer-applied FGF7 increased the amplitude of excitatory post-synaptic current evoked by stimulating the sensory afferent fibers. Behavior tests showed that intrathecally applied FGF7 potentiated the formalin-induced acute nociceptive response. Moreover, both acute and inflammatory nociceptive responses were significantly reduced in Fgf7-deficient mice. These results suggest that FGF7 exerts an excitatory modulation of nociceptive afferent transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia-Yin Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xing-Jun Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kai-Cheng Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan-Qing Zhong
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yin-Jing Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Wang F, Cai B, Li KC, Hu XY, Lu YJ, Wang Q, Bao L, Zhang X. FXYD2, a γ subunit of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, maintains persistent mechanical allodynia induced by inflammation. Cell Res 2015; 25:318-34. [PMID: 25633594 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase (NKA) is required to generate the resting membrane potential in neurons. Nociceptive afferent neurons express not only the α and β subunits of NKA but also the γ subunit FXYD2. However, the neural function of FXYD2 is unknown. The present study shows that FXYD2 in nociceptive neurons is necessary for maintaining the mechanical allodynia induced by peripheral inflammation. FXYD2 interacted with α1NKA and negatively regulated the NKA activity, depolarizing the membrane potential of nociceptive neurons. Mechanical allodynia initiated in FXYD2-deficient mice was abolished 4 days after inflammation, whereas it persisted for at least 3 weeks in wild-type mice. Importantly, the FXYD2/α1NKA interaction gradually increased after inflammation and peaked on day 4 post inflammation, resulting in reduction of NKA activity, depolarization of neuron membrane and facilitation of excitatory afferent neurotransmission. Thus, the increased FXYD2 activity may be a fundamental mechanism underlying the persistent hypersensitivity to pain induced by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bing Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kai-Cheng Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xu-Ye Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences/XuHui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jin Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lan Bao
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China [2] School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- 1] Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China [2] School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
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Forrest MD. The sodium-potassium pump is an information processing element in brain computation. Front Physiol 2014; 5:472. [PMID: 25566080 PMCID: PMC4274886 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lin CC, Chiang YS, Lung CC. Effect of infrared-C radiation on skin temperature, electrodermal conductance and pain in hemiparetic stroke patients. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 91:42-53. [PMID: 24991883 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.937512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A novel application of infrared-C (IR-C) radiation (3-1000 μm) on hemiparetic stroke patients was evaluated. Hot compresses (HC) were used on the paretic shoulders of patients in this placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effects of IR-C on skin temperature, electrodermal conductance (EC) and pain relief. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin temperature at the center of the middle deltoid (CMD), Quchi (LI11), and the center of the third metacarpal bone on dorsum of hand (COT) of the subjects at Brunnstrom stage 3-5 before and after IR-C HC, were examined. Meanwhile, EC was measured on Hegu (LI4), Quchi and Juanyu (LI15). Pain intensity was evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS Skin temperature increased significantly at the CMD and COT on the paretic side in males. In females after treatment, similar skin temperatures were found in each measured region on both the paretic and non-paretic sides. The EC on the paretic side tended to be higher than the non-paretic side before treatment. After treatment, the EC on paretic side declined in both sexes and became even lower than the non-paretic side in females. Pain intensity was lessened after treatment especially in males, which appeared to correspond with an increase in skin temperature and a decrease in EC. CONCLUSION IR-C hot compress is a promising method for stroke patients in rehabilitation. Physiological mechanisms of this treatment were proposed and summarized from this research.
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Zhang X, Bao L, Li S. Opioid receptor trafficking and interaction in nociceptors. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:364-74. [PMID: 24611685 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Opiate analgesics such as morphine are often used for pain therapy. However, antinociceptive tolerance and dependence may develop with long-term use of these drugs. It was found that μ-opioid receptors can interact with δ-opioid receptors, and morphine antinociceptive tolerance can be reduced by blocking δ-opioid receptors. Recent studies have shown that μ- and δ-opioid receptors are co-expressed in a considerable number of small neurons in the dorsal root ganglion. The interaction of μ-opioid receptors with δ-opioid receptors in the nociceptive afferents is facilitated by the stimulus-induced cell-surface expression of δ-opioid receptors, and contributes to morphine tolerance. Further analysis of the molecular, cellular and neural circuit mechanisms that regulate the trafficking and interaction of opioid receptors and related signalling molecules in the pain pathway would help to elucidate the mechanism of opiate analgesia and improve pain therapy. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai, China
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