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Hellevik AM, Mardoum P, Hahn J, Kölsch Y, D'Orazi FD, Suzuki SC, Godinho L, Lawrence O, Rieke F, Shekhar K, Sanes JR, Baier H, Baden T, Wong RO, Yoshimatsu T. Ancient origin of the rod bipolar cell pathway in the vertebrate retina. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1165-1179. [PMID: 38627529 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Vertebrates rely on rod photoreceptors for vision in low-light conditions. The specialized downstream circuit for rod signalling, called the primary rod pathway, is well characterized in mammals, but circuitry for rod signalling in non-mammals is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the mammalian primary rod pathway is conserved in zebrafish, which diverged from extant mammals ~400 million years ago. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified two bipolar cell types in zebrafish that are related to mammalian rod bipolar cell (RBCs), the only bipolar type that directly carries rod signals from the outer to the inner retina in the primary rod pathway. By combining electrophysiology, histology and ultrastructural reconstruction of the zebrafish RBCs, we found that, similar to mammalian RBCs, both zebrafish RBC types connect with all rods in their dendritic territory and provide output largely onto amacrine cells. The wiring pattern of the amacrine cells postsynaptic to one RBC type is strikingly similar to that of mammalian RBCs and their amacrine partners, suggesting that the cell types and circuit design of the primary rod pathway emerged before the divergence of teleost fish and mammals. The second RBC type, which forms separate pathways, was either lost in mammals or emerged in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana M Hellevik
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip Mardoum
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua Hahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute; Vision Sciences Graduate Program; California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Kölsch
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florence D D'Orazi
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sachihiro C Suzuki
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leanne Godinho
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Owen Lawrence
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fred Rieke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vision Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karthik Shekhar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute; Vision Sciences Graduate Program; California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Herwig Baier
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tom Baden
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rachel O Wong
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- BioRTC, Yobe State University, Damatsuru, Yobe, Nigeria.
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2
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Baden T. The vertebrate retina: a window into the evolution of computation in the brain. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2024; 57:None. [PMID: 38899158 PMCID: PMC11183302 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Animal brains are probably the most complex computational machines on our planet, and like everything in biology, they are the product of evolution. Advances in developmental and palaeobiology have been expanding our general understanding of how nervous systems can change at a molecular and structural level. However, how these changes translate into altered function - that is, into 'computation' - remains comparatively sparsely explored. What, concretely, does it mean for neuronal computation when neurons change their morphology and connectivity, when new neurons appear or old ones disappear, or when transmitter systems are slowly modified over many generations? And how does evolution use these many possible knobs and dials to constantly tune computation to give rise to the amazing diversity in animal behaviours we see today? Addressing these major gaps of understanding benefits from choosing a suitable model system. Here, I present the vertebrate retina as one perhaps unusually promising candidate. The retina is ancient and displays highly conserved core organisational principles across the entire vertebrate lineage, alongside a myriad of adjustments across extant species that were shaped by the history of their visual ecology. Moreover, the computational logic of the retina is readily interrogated experimentally, and our existing understanding of retinal circuits in a handful of species can serve as an anchor when exploring the visual circuit adaptations across the entire vertebrate tree of life, from fish deep in the aphotic zone of the oceans to eagles soaring high up in the sky.
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Franke K, Cai C, Ponder K, Fu J, Sokoloski S, Berens P, Tolias AS. Asymmetric distribution of color-opponent response types across mouse visual cortex supports superior color vision in the sky. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.01.543054. [PMID: 37333280 PMCID: PMC10274736 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.01.543054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Color is an important visual feature that informs behavior, and the retinal basis for color vision has been studied across various vertebrate species. While many studies have investigated how color information is processed in visual brain areas of primate species, we have limited understanding of how it is organized beyond the retina in other species, including most dichromatic mammals. In this study, we systematically characterized how color is represented in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice. Using large-scale neuronal recordings and a luminance and color noise stimulus, we found that more than a third of neurons in mouse V1 are color-opponent in their receptive field center, while the receptive field surround predominantly captures luminance contrast. Furthermore, we found that color-opponency is especially pronounced in posterior V1 that encodes the sky, matching the statistics of natural scenes experienced by mice. Using unsupervised clustering, we demonstrate that the asymmetry in color representations across cortex can be explained by an uneven distribution of green-On/UV-Off color-opponent response types that are represented in the upper visual field. Finally, a simple model with natural scene-inspired parametric stimuli shows that green-On/UV-Off color-opponent response types may enhance the detection of "predatory"-like dark UV-objects in noisy daylight scenes. The results from this study highlight the relevance of color processing in the mouse visual system and contribute to our understanding of how color information is organized in the visual hierarchy across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Franke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, US
- Stanford Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US
- Department of Neuroscience & Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chenchen Cai
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kayla Ponder
- Department of Neuroscience & Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiakun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience & Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sacha Sokoloski
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for AI in Brain Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Berens
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for AI in Brain Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas S Tolias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, US
- Stanford Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US
- Department of Neuroscience & Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US
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Murphy L, Kwabiah R, Rouah A, Wade R, Osmond T, Tucker D, Boyce D, Vance J, Cao T, Machimbirike VI, Gnanagobal H, Vasquez I, Santander J, Gendron RL. Systematic analysis of ocular features and responses of cultured spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024:e13959. [PMID: 38706441 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
A better understanding of unique anatomical and functional features of the visual systems of teleost fish could provide key knowledge on how these systems influence the health and survival of these animals in both wild and culture environments. We took a systematic approach to assess some of the visual systems of spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor), a species of increasing importance in North Atlantic aquaculture initiatives. The lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) was included in these studies in a comparative manner to provide reference. Histology, light and electron microscopy were used to study the spatial distribution and occurrence of cone photoreceptor cells and the nature of the retinal tissues, while immunohistochemistry was used to explore the expression patterns of two photoreceptor markers, XAP-1 and XAP-2, in both species. A marine bacterial infection paradigm in lumpfish was used to assess how host-pathogen responses might impact the expression of these photoreceptor markers in these animals. We define a basic photoreceptor mosaic and present an ultrastructural to macroscopic geographical configuration of the retinal pigment tissues in both animals. Photoreceptor markers XAP-1 and XAP-2 have novel distribution patterns in spotted wolffish and lumpfish retinas, and exogenous pathogenic influences can affect the normal expression pattern of XAP-1 in lumpfish. Live tank-side ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) revealed that normal cultured spotted wolffish display novel variations in the shape of the retinal tissue. These two complementary imaging findings suggest that spotted wolffish harbour unique ocular features not yet described in marine teleosts and that visual function might involve specific retinal tissue shape dynamics in these animals. Finally, extensive endogenous biofluorescence is present in the retinal tissues of both animals, which raises questions about how these animals might use retinal tissue in novel ways for visual perception and/or communication. This work advances fundamental knowledge on the visual systems of two economically important but now threatened North Atlantic teleosts and provides a basic foundation for further research on the visual systems of these animals in health versus disease settings. This work could also be useful for understanding and optimizing the health and welfare of lumpfish and spotted wolffish in aquaculture towards a one health or integrative perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Murphy
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Rebecca Kwabiah
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ayla Rouah
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ryan Wade
- Dalhousie Department of Family Medicine, St. John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Thomas Osmond
- MUN MED 3D, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Denise Tucker
- Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Danny Boyce
- Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | | | - Trung Cao
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Vimbai I Machimbirike
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Hajarooba Gnanagobal
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ignacio Vasquez
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Robert L Gendron
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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5
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Fitzpatrick MJ, Krizan J, Hsiang JC, Shen N, Kerschensteiner D. A pupillary contrast response in mice and humans: Neural mechanisms and visual functions. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00273-3. [PMID: 38697114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
In the pupillary light response (PLR), increases in ambient light constrict the pupil to dampen increases in retinal illuminance. Here, we report that the pupillary reflex arc implements a second input-output transformation; it senses temporal contrast to enhance spatial contrast in the retinal image and increase visual acuity. The pupillary contrast response (PCoR) is driven by rod photoreceptors via type 6 bipolar cells and M1 ganglion cells. Temporal contrast is transformed into sustained pupil constriction by the M1's conversion of excitatory input into spike output. Computational modeling explains how the PCoR shapes retinal images. Pupil constriction improves acuity in gaze stabilization and predation in mice. Humans exhibit a PCoR with similar tuning properties to mice, which interacts with eye movements to optimize the statistics of the visual input for retinal encoding. Thus, we uncover a conserved component of active vision, its cell-type-specific pathway, computational mechanisms, and optical and behavioral significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Fitzpatrick
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jenna Krizan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jen-Chun Hsiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel Kerschensteiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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6
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Stieb SM, Cortesi F, Mitchell L, Jardim de Queiroz L, Marshall NJ, Seehausen O. Short-wavelength-sensitive 1 ( SWS1) opsin gene duplications and parallel visual pigment tuning support ultraviolet communication in damselfishes (Pomacentridae). Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11186. [PMID: 38628922 PMCID: PMC11019301 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) are one of the most behaviourally diverse, colourful and species-rich reef fish families. One remarkable characteristic of damselfishes is their communication in ultraviolet (UV) light. Not only are they sensitive to UV, they are also prone to have UV-reflective colours and patterns enabling social signalling. Using more than 50 species, we aimed to uncover the evolutionary history of UV colour and UV vision in damselfishes. All damselfishes had UV-transmitting lenses, expressed the UV-sensitive SWS1 opsin gene, and most displayed UV-reflective patterns and colours. We find evidence for several tuning events across the radiation, and while SWS1 gene duplications are generally very rare among teleosts, our phylogenetic reconstructions uncovered two independent duplication events: one close to the base of the most species-rich clade in the subfamily Pomacentrinae, and one in a single Chromis species. Using amino acid comparisons, we found that known spectral tuning sites were altered several times in parallel across the damselfish radiation (through sequence change and duplication followed by sequence change), causing repeated shifts in peak spectral absorbance of around 10 nm. Pomacentrinae damselfishes expressed either one or both copies of SWS1, likely to further finetune UV-signal detection and differentiation. This highly advanced and modified UV vision among damselfishes, in particular the duplication of SWS1 among Pomacentrinae, might be seen as a key evolutionary innovation that facilitated the evolution of the exuberant variety of UV-reflectance traits and the diversification of this coral reef fish lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Stieb
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and BiogeochemistryEAWAG Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyKastanienbaumSwitzerland
- Institute for Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Fabio Cortesi
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of the EnvironmentThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Laurie Mitchell
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Marine Eco‐Evo‐Devo UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyOnna sonOkinawaJapan
| | - Luiz Jardim de Queiroz
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and BiogeochemistryEAWAG Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyKastanienbaumSwitzerland
- Institute for Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - N. Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and BiogeochemistryEAWAG Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyKastanienbaumSwitzerland
- Institute for Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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7
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Mitchell LJ, Phelan A, Cortesi F, Marshall NJ, Chung WS, Osorio DC, Cheney KL. Ultraviolet vision in anemonefish improves colour discrimination. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247425. [PMID: 38586934 PMCID: PMC11057877 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In many animals, ultraviolet (UV) vision guides navigation, foraging, and communication, but few studies have addressed the contribution of UV signals to colour vision, or measured UV discrimination thresholds using behavioural experiments. Here, we tested UV colour vision in an anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) using a five-channel (RGB-V-UV) LED display. We first determined that the maximal sensitivity of the A. ocellaris UV cone was ∼386 nm using microspectrophotometry. Three additional cone spectral sensitivities had maxima at ∼497, 515 and ∼535 nm. We then behaviourally measured colour discrimination thresholds by training anemonefish to distinguish a coloured target pixel from grey distractor pixels of varying intensity. Thresholds were calculated for nine sets of colours with and without UV signals. Using a tetrachromatic vision model, we found that anemonefish were better (i.e. discrimination thresholds were lower) at discriminating colours when target pixels had higher UV chromatic contrast. These colours caused a greater stimulation of the UV cone relative to other cone types. These findings imply that a UV component of colour signals and cues improves their detectability, which likely increases the prominence of anemonefish body patterns for communication and the silhouette of zooplankton prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J. Mitchell
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amelia Phelan
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fabio Cortesi
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - N. Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wen-sung Chung
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel C. Osorio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Karen L. Cheney
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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8
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Chau KD, Hauser FE, Van Nynatten A, Daane JM, Harris MP, Chang BSW, Lovejoy NR. Multiple Ecological Axes Drive Molecular Evolution of Cone Opsins in Beloniform Fishes. J Mol Evol 2024; 92:93-103. [PMID: 38416218 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-024-10156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Ecological and evolutionary transitions offer an excellent opportunity to examine the molecular basis of adaptation. Fishes of the order Beloniformes include needlefishes, flyingfishes, halfbeaks, and allies, and comprise over 200 species occupying a wide array of habitats-from the marine epipelagic zone to tropical rainforest rivers. These fishes also exhibit a diversity of diets, including piscivory, herbivory, and zooplanktivory. We investigated how diet and habitat affected the molecular evolution of cone opsins, which play a key role in bright light and colour vision and are tightly linked to ecology and life history. We analyzed a targeted-capture dataset to reconstruct the evolutionary history of beloniforms and assemble cone opsin sequences. We implemented codon-based clade models of evolution to examine how molecular evolution was affected by habitat and diet. We found high levels of positive selection in medium- and long-wavelength beloniform opsins, with piscivores showing increased positive selection in medium-wavelength opsins and zooplanktivores showing increased positive selection in long-wavelength opsins. In contrast, short-wavelength opsins showed purifying selection. While marine/freshwater habitat transitions have an effect on opsin molecular evolution, we found that diet plays a more important role. Our study suggests that evolutionary transitions along ecological axes produce complex adaptive interactions that affect patterns of selection on genes that underlie vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Chau
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frances E Hauser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Van Nynatten
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Jacob M Daane
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Belinda S W Chang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan R Lovejoy
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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9
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Khan B, Lazarte IP, Jaesiri OM, Zhao P, Semmelhack JL. Protocol for using UV stimuli to evoke prey capture strikes in head-fixed zebrafish larvae. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102780. [PMID: 38117657 PMCID: PMC10772384 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hunting in larval zebrafish begins with eye convergence and orienting turns, proceeds to approach swims, and ends with the strike, where larvae consume the prey. Here, we describe a protocol to present UV stimuli to zebrafish, which greatly increases the occurrence of hunting initiation and strikes. We also describe how we record and analyze strike behavior in head-fixed larvae. Our goals are to increase the robustness of prey capture and to allow other labs to implement the strike behavioral assay. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Khan et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadeep Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
| | - Ivan P Lazarte
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - On-Mongkol Jaesiri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Peixiong Zhao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Julie L Semmelhack
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China; Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
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10
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Baden T. Ancestral photoreceptor diversity as the basis of visual behaviour. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:374-386. [PMID: 38253752 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Animal colour vision is based on comparing signals from different photoreceptors. It is generally assumed that processing different spectral types of photoreceptor mainly serves colour vision. Here I propose instead that photoreceptors are parallel feature channels that differentially support visual-motor programmes like motion vision behaviours, prey capture and predator evasion. Colour vision may have emerged as a secondary benefit of these circuits, which originally helped aquatic vertebrates to visually navigate and segment their underwater world. Specifically, I suggest that ancestral vertebrate vision was built around three main systems, including a high-resolution general purpose greyscale system based on ancestral red cones and rods to mediate visual body stabilization and navigation, a high-sensitivity specialized foreground system based on ancestral ultraviolet cones to mediate threat detection and prey capture, and a net-suppressive system based on ancestral green and blue cones for regulating red/rod and ultraviolet circuits. This ancestral strategy probably still underpins vision today, and different vertebrate lineages have since adapted their original photoreceptor circuits to suit their diverse visual ecologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Baden
- University of Sussex, Sussex Neuroscience, Sussex Center for Sensory Neuroscience and Computation, Brighton, UK.
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11
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Krueger MR, Fishman-Williams E, Simó S, Tarantal AF, La Torre A. Expression patterns of CYP26A1, FGF8, CDKN1A, and NPVF in the developing rhesus monkey retina. Differentiation 2024; 135:100743. [PMID: 38147763 PMCID: PMC10868720 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The fovea centralis (fovea) is a specialized region of the primate retina that plays crucial roles in high-resolution visual acuity and color perception. The fovea is characterized by a high density of cone photoreceptors and no rods, and unique anatomical properties that contribute to its remarkable visual capabilities. Early histological analyses identified some of the key events that contribute to foveal development, but the mechanisms that direct the specification of this area are not understood. Recently, the expression of the retinoic acid-metabolizing enzyme CYP26A1 has become a hallmark of some of the retinal specializations found in vertebrates, including the primate fovea and the high-acuity area in avian species. In chickens, the retinoic acid pathway regulates the expression of FGF8 to then direct the development of a rod-free area. Similarly, high levels of CYP26A1, CDKN1A, and NPVF expression have been observed in the primate macula using transcriptomic approaches. However, which retinal cells express these genes and their expression dynamics in the developing primate eye remain unknown. Here, we systematically characterize the expression patterns of CYP26A1, FGF8, CDKN1A, and NPVF during the development of the rhesus monkey retina, from early stages of development in the first trimester until the third trimester (near term). Our data suggest that some of the markers previously proposed to be fovea-specific are not enriched in the progenitors of the rhesus monkey fovea. In contrast, CYP26A1 is expressed at high levels in the progenitors of the fovea, while it localizes in a subpopulation of macular Müller glia cells later in development. Together these data provide invaluable insights into the expression dynamics of several molecules in the nonhuman primate retina and highlight the developmental advancement of the foveal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R Krueger
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Elizabeth Fishman-Williams
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Alice F Tarantal
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Anna La Torre
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
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12
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Abstract
When vertebrates first conquered the land, they encountered a visual world that was radically distinct from that of their aquatic ancestors. Fish exploit the strong wavelength-dependent interactions of light with water by differentially feeding the signals from up to 5 spectral photoreceptor types into distinct behavioural programmes. However, above the water the same spectral rules do not apply, and this called for an update to visual circuit strategies. Early tetrapods soon evolved the double cone, a still poorly understood pair of new photoreceptors that brought the "ancestral terrestrial" complement from 5 to 7. Subsequent nonmammalian lineages differentially adapted this highly parallelised retinal input strategy for their diverse visual ecologies. By contrast, mammals shed most ancestral photoreceptors and converged on an input strategy that is exceptionally general. In eutherian mammals including in humans, parallelisation emerges gradually as the visual signal traverses the layers of the retina and into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Baden
- University of Sussex, Sussex Neuroscience, Sussex Center for Sensory Neuroscience and Computation, Brighton, United Kingdom
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13
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Anderson G, Borooah S, Megaw R, Bagnaninchi P, Weller R, McLeod A, Dhillon B. UVR and RPE - The Good, the Bad and the degenerate Macula. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 100:101233. [PMID: 38135244 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) has a well-established causative influence within the aetiology of conditions of the skin and the anterior segment of the eye. However, a grounded assessment of the role of UVR within conditions of the retina has been hampered by a historical lack of quantitative, and spectrally resolved, assessment of how UVR impacts upon the retina in terms congruent with contemporary theories of ageing. In this review, we sought to summarise the key findings of research investigating the connection between UVR exposure in retinal cytopathology while identifying necessary avenues for future research which can deliver a deeper understanding of UVR's place within the retinal risk landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Anderson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, CA, 92093-0946, USA
| | - Roly Megaw
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, EH4 2XU, UK; Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4UU, UK; Robert O Curle Eyelab, Instute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Richard Weller
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew McLeod
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Baljean Dhillon
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4SB, UK; Robert O Curle Eyelab, Instute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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14
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Mizoguchi K, Sato M, Saito R, Koshikuni M, Sakakibara M, Manabe R, Harada Y, Uchikawa T, Ansai S, Kamei Y, Naruse K, Fukamachi S. Behavioral photosensitivity of multi-color-blind medaka: enhanced response under ultraviolet light in the absence of short-wavelength-sensitive opsins. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:67. [PMID: 38097940 PMCID: PMC10722765 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The behavioral photosensitivity of animals could be quantified via the optomotor response (OMR), for example, and the luminous efficiency function (the range of visible light) should largely rely on the repertoire and expression of light-absorbing proteins in the retina, i.e., the opsins. In fact, the OMR under red light was suppressed in medaka lacking the red (long-wavelength sensitive [LWS]) opsin. RESULTS We investigated the ultraviolet (UV)- or blue-light sensitivity of medaka lacking the violet (short-wavelength sensitive 1 [SWS1]) and blue (SWS2) opsins. The sws1/sws2 double or sws1/sws2/lws triple mutants were as viable as the wild type. The remaining green (rhodopsin 2 [RH2]) or red opsins were not upregulated. Interestingly, the OMR of the double or triple mutants was equivalent or even increased under UV or blue light (λ = 350, 365, or 450 nm), which demonstrated that the rotating stripes (i.e., changes in luminance) could fully be recognized under UV light using RH2 alone. The OMR test using dichromatic stripes projected onto an RGB display consistently showed that the presence or absence of SWS1 and SWS2 did not affect the equiluminant conditions. CONCLUSIONS RH2 and LWS, but not SWS1 and SWS2, should predominantly contribute to the postreceptoral processes leading to the OMR or, possibly, to luminance detection in general, as the medium-wavelength-sensitive and LWS cones, but not the SWS cones, are responsible for luminance detection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyono Mizoguchi
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Mayu Sato
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Rina Saito
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Mayu Koshikuni
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Mana Sakakibara
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Ran Manabe
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Yumi Harada
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Tamaki Uchikawa
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Laboratory of Genome Editing Breeding, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukamachi
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan.
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15
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Longden KD, Rogers EM, Nern A, Dionne H, Reiser MB. Different spectral sensitivities of ON- and OFF-motion pathways enhance the detection of approaching color objects in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7693. [PMID: 38001097 PMCID: PMC10673857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Color and motion are used by many species to identify salient objects. They are processed largely independently, but color contributes to motion processing in humans, for example, enabling moving colored objects to be detected when their luminance matches the background. Here, we demonstrate an unexpected, additional contribution of color to motion vision in Drosophila. We show that behavioral ON-motion responses are more sensitive to UV than for OFF-motion, and we identify cellular pathways connecting UV-sensitive R7 photoreceptors to ON and OFF-motion-sensitive T4 and T5 cells, using neurogenetics and calcium imaging. Remarkably, this contribution of color circuitry to motion vision enhances the detection of approaching UV discs, but not green discs with the same chromatic contrast, and we show how this could generalize for systems with ON- and OFF-motion pathways. Our results provide a computational and circuit basis for how color enhances motion vision to favor the detection of saliently colored objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit D Longden
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
| | - Edward M Rogers
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Aljoscha Nern
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Heather Dionne
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Michael B Reiser
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
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16
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Uttley K, Papanastasiou AS, Lahne M, Brisbane JM, MacDonald RB, Bickmore WA, Bhatia S. Unique activities of two overlapping PAX6 retinal enhancers. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302126. [PMID: 37643867 PMCID: PMC10465922 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancers play a critical role in development by precisely modulating spatial, temporal, and cell type-specific gene expression. Sequence variants in enhancers have been implicated in diseases; however, establishing the functional consequences of these variants is challenging because of a lack of understanding of precise cell types and developmental stages where the enhancers are normally active. PAX6 is the master regulator of eye development, with a regulatory landscape containing multiple enhancers driving the expression in the eye. Whether these enhancers perform additive, redundant or distinct functions is unknown. Here, we describe the precise cell types and regulatory activity of two PAX6 retinal enhancers, HS5 and NRE. Using a unique combination of live imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing in dual enhancer-reporter zebrafish embryos, we uncover differences in the spatiotemporal activity of these enhancers. Our results show that although overlapping, these enhancers have distinct activities in different cell types and therefore likely nonredundant functions. This work demonstrates that unique cell type-specific activities can be uncovered for apparently similar enhancers when investigated at high resolution in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Uttley
- https://ror.org/011jsc803 MRC Human Genetics Unithttps://ror.org/01nrxwf90 , Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew S Papanastasiou
- https://ror.org/011jsc803 MRC Human Genetics Unithttps://ror.org/01nrxwf90 , Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manuela Lahne
- https://ror.org/02jx3x895 UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Greater London, UK
| | - Jennifer M Brisbane
- https://ror.org/011jsc803 MRC Human Genetics Unithttps://ror.org/01nrxwf90 , Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ryan B MacDonald
- https://ror.org/02jx3x895 UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Greater London, UK
| | - Wendy A Bickmore
- https://ror.org/011jsc803 MRC Human Genetics Unithttps://ror.org/01nrxwf90 , Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shipra Bhatia
- https://ror.org/011jsc803 MRC Human Genetics Unithttps://ror.org/01nrxwf90 , Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Hellevik AM, Mardoum P, Hahn J, Kölsch Y, D’Orazi FD, Suzuki SC, Godinho L, Lawrence O, Rieke F, Shekhar K, Sanes JR, Baier H, Baden T, Wong RO, Yoshimatsu T. Ancient origin of the rod bipolar cell pathway in the vertebrate retina. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3411693. [PMID: 37886445 PMCID: PMC10602083 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3411693/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrates rely on rod photoreceptors for vision in low-light conditions. Mammals have a specialized downstream circuit for rod signaling called the primary rod pathway, which comprises specific cell types and wiring patterns that are thought to be unique to this lineage. Thus, it has been long assumed that the primary rod pathway evolved in mammals. Here, we challenge this view by demonstrating that the mammalian primary rod pathway is conserved in zebrafish, which diverged from extant mammals ~400 million years ago. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we identified two bipolar cell (BC) types in zebrafish that are related to mammalian rod BCs (RBCs) of the primary rod pathway. By combining electrophysiology, histology, and ultrastructural reconstruction of the zebrafish RBCs, we found that, like mammalian RBCs, both zebrafish RBC types connect with all rods in their dendritic territory, and provide output largely onto amacrine cells. The wiring pattern of the amacrine cells post-synaptic to one RBC type is strikingly similar to that of mammalian RBCs, suggesting that the cell types and circuit design of the primary rod pathway have emerged before the divergence of teleost fish and amniotes. The second RBC type, which forms separate pathways, is either lost in mammals or emerged in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana M Hellevik
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Philip Mardoum
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joshua Hahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute; Vision Sciences Graduate Program; California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yvonne Kölsch
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Department Genes – Circuits – Behavior, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florence D D’Orazi
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sachihiro C. Suzuki
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Leanne Godinho
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Owen Lawrence
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Fred Rieke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Vision Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Karthik Shekhar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute; Vision Sciences Graduate Program; California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Herwig Baier
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Department Genes – Circuits – Behavior, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tom Baden
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Rachel O Wong
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- BioRTC, Yobe State University, Damatsuru, Yobe 620101, Nigeria
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18
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Hellevik AM, Mardoum P, Hahn J, Kölsch Y, D’Orazi FD, Suzuki SC, Godinho L, Lawrence O, Rieke F, Shekhar K, Sanes JR, Baier H, Baden T, Wong RO, Yoshimatsu T. Ancient origin of the rod bipolar cell pathway in the vertebrate retina. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557433. [PMID: 37771914 PMCID: PMC10525478 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrates rely on rod photoreceptors for vision in low-light conditions1. Mammals have a specialized downstream circuit for rod signaling called the primary rod pathway, which comprises specific cell types and wiring patterns that are thought to be unique to this lineage2-6. Thus, it has been long assumed that the primary rod pathway evolved in mammals3,5-7. Here, we challenge this view by demonstrating that the mammalian primary rod pathway is conserved in zebrafish, which diverged from extant mammals ~400 million years ago. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we identified two bipolar cell (BC) types in zebrafish that are related to mammalian rod BCs (RBCs) of the primary rod pathway. By combining electrophysiology, histology, and ultrastructural reconstruction of the zebrafish RBCs, we found that, like mammalian RBCs8, both zebrafish RBC types connect with all rods and red-cones in their dendritic territory, and provide output largely onto amacrine cells. The wiring pattern of the amacrine cells post-synaptic to one RBC type is strikingly similar to that of mammalian RBCs. This suggests that the cell types and circuit design of the primary rod pathway may have emerged before the divergence of teleost fish and amniotes (mammals, bird, reptiles). The second RBC type in zebrafish, which forms separate pathways from the first RBC type, is either lost in mammals or emerged in fish to serve yet unknown roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana M Hellevik
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Philip Mardoum
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joshua Hahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute; Vision Sciences Graduate Program; California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yvonne Kölsch
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Department Genes – Circuits – Behavior, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florence D D’Orazi
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sachihiro C. Suzuki
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Leanne Godinho
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Owen Lawrence
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Fred Rieke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Vision Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Karthik Shekhar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute; Vision Sciences Graduate Program; California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Herwig Baier
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Department Genes – Circuits – Behavior, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tom Baden
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Rachel O Wong
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- BioRTC, Yobe State University, Damatsuru, Yobe 620101, Nigeria
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19
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Lu K, Liang XF, Tang SL, Wu J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Chai F. Role of short-wave-sensitive 1 (sws1) in cone development and first feeding in larval zebrafish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:801-813. [PMID: 37495865 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Color vision is mediated by the expression of different major visual pigment proteins (opsins) on retinal photoreceptors. Vertebrates have four classes of cone opsins that are most sensitive to different wavelengths of light: short wavelength sensitive 1 (SWS1), short wavelength sensitive 2 (SWS2), medium wavelength sensitive (RH2), and long wavelength sensitive (LWS). UV wavelengths play important roles in foraging and communication. However, direct evidence provide links between sws1 and first feeding is lacking. Here, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was performed to generate mutant zebrafish lines with sws1 deletion. sws1 mutant zebrafish larvae exhibited decreased sws1, rh2-2, and lws1 expression, and increased rod gene (rho and gnat1) expression. Furthermore, the sws1-deficient larvae exhibited significantly reduced food intake, and the orexigenic genes npy and agrp signaling were upregulated at 6 days postfertilization (dpf). The transcription expression of sws1 and rh2-3 genes decreased in sws1-/- adults compared to wild type. Surprisingly, the results of feeding at the adult stage were not the same with larvae. sws1 deficiency did not affect food intake and appetite gene expression at adult stages. These results reveal a role for sws1 in normal cone development and first feeding in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shu-Lin Tang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuye Wang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Farui Chai
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
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20
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Moran AL, Fehilly JD, Blacque O, Kennedy BN. Gene therapy for RAB28: What can we learn from zebrafish? Vision Res 2023; 210:108270. [PMID: 37321111 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The eye is particularly suited to gene therapy due to its accessibility, immunoprivileged state and compartmentalised structure. Indeed, many clinical trials are underway for therapeutic gene strategies for inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs). However, as there are currently 281 genes associated with IRD, there is still a large unmet need for effective therapies for the majority of IRD-causing genes. In humans, RAB28 null and hypomorphic alleles cause autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy (arCORD). Previous work demonstrated that restoring wild type zebrafish Rab28 via germline transgenesis, specifically in cone photoreceptors, is sufficient to rescue the defects in outer segment phagocytosis (OSP) observed in zebrafish rab28-/- knockouts (KO). This rescue suggests that gene therapy for RAB28-associated CORD may be successful by RAB28 gene restoration to cones. It also inspired us to critically consider the scenarios in which zebrafish can provide informative preclinical data for development of gene therapies. Thus, this review focuses on RAB28 biology and disease, and delves into both the opportunities and limitations of using zebrafish as a model for both gene therapy development and as a diagnostic tool for patient variants of unknown significance (VUS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailis L Moran
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John D Fehilly
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliver Blacque
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Breandán N Kennedy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Seifert M, Roberts PA, Kafetzis G, Osorio D, Baden T. Birds multiplex spectral and temporal visual information via retinal On- and Off-channels. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5308. [PMID: 37652912 PMCID: PMC10471707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrate vision, early retinal circuits divide incoming visual information into functionally opposite elementary signals: On and Off, transient and sustained, chromatic and achromatic. Together these signals can yield an efficient representation of the scene for transmission to the brain via the optic nerve. However, this long-standing interpretation of retinal function is based on mammals, and it is unclear whether this functional arrangement is common to all vertebrates. Here we show that male poultry chicks use a fundamentally different strategy to communicate information from the eye to the brain. Rather than using functionally opposite pairs of retinal output channels, chicks encode the polarity, timing, and spectral composition of visual stimuli in a highly correlated manner: fast achromatic information is encoded by Off-circuits, and slow chromatic information overwhelmingly by On-circuits. Moreover, most retinal output channels combine On- and Off-circuits to simultaneously encode, or multiplex, both achromatic and chromatic information. Our results from birds conform to evidence from fish, amphibians, and reptiles which retain the full ancestral complement of four spectral types of cone photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Seifert
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - Paul A Roberts
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Daniel Osorio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - Tom Baden
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
- Institute of Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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22
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Lu K, Wu J, Tang S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Chai F, Liang XF. Altered Visual Function in Short-Wave-Sensitive 1 ( sws1) Gene Knockout Japanese Medaka ( Oryzias latipes) Larvae. Cells 2023; 12:2157. [PMID: 37681889 PMCID: PMC10486665 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual perception plays a crucial role in foraging, avoiding predators, mate selection, and communication. The regulation of color vision is largely dependent on opsin, which is the first step in the formation of the visual transduction cascade in photoreceptor cells. Short-wave-sensitive 1 (sws1) is a visual pigment that mediates short-wavelength light transduction in vertebrates. The depletion of sws1 resulted in increased M-opsin in mice. However, there is still no report on the visual function of sws1 in teleost fish. Here, we constructed the sws1 knockout medaka using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The 6 dph (days post-hatching) medaka sws1-/- larvae exhibited significantly decreased food intake and total length at the first feeding stage, and the mRNA levels of orexigenic genes (npy and agrp) were significantly upregulated after feeding. The swimming speed was significantly reduced during the period of dark-light transition stimulation in the sws1-mutant larvae. Histological analysis showed that the thickness of the lens was reduced, whereas the thickness of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) was significantly increased in sws1-/- medaka larvae. Additionally, the deletion of sws1 decreased the mRNA levels of genes involved in phototransduction (gnb3b, grk7a, grk7b, and pde6c). We also observed increased retinal cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in sws1 knockout medaka larvae. Collectively, these results suggest that sws1 deficiency in medaka larvae may impair visual function and cause retinal cell apoptosis, which is associated with the downregulation of photoconduction expression and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shulin Tang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuye Wang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Farui Chai
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
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23
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Yi J, Ma Y, Ma J, Yu H, Zhang K, Jin L, Yang Q, Sun D, Wu D. Rapid Assessment of Ocular Toxicity from Environmental Contaminants Based on Visually Mediated Zebrafish Behavior Studies. TOXICS 2023; 11:706. [PMID: 37624211 PMCID: PMC10459940 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The presence of contaminants in the environment has increased in recent years, and studies have demonstrated that these contaminants have the ability to penetrate the blood-retinal barrier and directly affect the visual systems of organisms. Zebrafish are recognized as an ideal model for human eye diseases due to their anatomical and functional similarities to the human eye, making them an efficient and versatile organism for studying ocular toxicity caused by environmental contaminants in the field of environmental toxicology. Meanwhile, zebrafish exhibit a diverse repertoire of visually mediated behaviors, and their visual system undergoes complex changes in behavioral responses when exposed to environmental contaminants, enabling rapid assessment of the ocular toxicity induced by such pollutants. Therefore, this review aimed to highlight the effectiveness of zebrafish as a model for examining the effects of environmental contaminants on ocular development. Special attention is given to the visually mediated behavior of zebrafish, which allows for a rapid assessment of ocular toxicity resulting from exposure to environmental contaminants. Additionally, the potential mechanisms by which environmental contaminants may induce ocular toxicity are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yilei Ma
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Libo Jin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Dejun Wu
- Emergency Department, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
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24
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Khan B, Jaesiri OM, Lazarte IP, Li Y, Tian G, Zhao P, Zhao Y, Ho VD, Semmelhack JL. Zebrafish larvae use stimulus intensity and contrast to estimate distance to prey. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3179-3191.e4. [PMID: 37437573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to determine the distance to objects is an important feature of most visual systems, but little is known about the neuronal mechanisms for distance estimation. Larval zebrafish execute different visual behaviors depending on distance; at medium distances, they converge their eyes and approach, but when the prey is close enough, they execute a strike and suck the prey into their mouths. To study distance estimation, we developed a head-fixed strike assay. We found that we could evoke strike behavior in head-fixed larvae and quantify head movements to classify the behavior as a strike. Strikes were dependent on distance to prey, allowing us to use them to study distance estimation. Light intensity is rapidly attenuated as it travels through water, so we hypothesized that larvae could use intensity as a distance cue. We found that increasing stimulus intensity could cause larvae to strike at prey that would normally be out of range, and decreasing the intensity could lower the strike rate even for very proximal stimuli. In addition, stimulus contrast is a key parameter, and this could allow larvae to estimate distance over the range of natural illumination. Finally, we presented prey in the binocular vs. monocular visual field and found that monocular prey did evoke strikes, although the binocular input produced more. These results suggest that strike behavior is optimally evoked by bright UV dots in the binocular zone with minimal UV background light and provide a foundation to study the neuronal mechanisms of distance estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadeep Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - On-Mongkol Jaesiri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ivan P Lazarte
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Gilbert Building, 371 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Guangnan Tian
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peixiong Zhao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Viet Duc Ho
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Julie L Semmelhack
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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25
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Cai LT, Krishna VS, Hladnik TC, Guilbeault NC, Vijayakumar C, Arunachalam M, Juntti SA, Arrenberg AB, Thiele TR, Cooper EA. Spatiotemporal visual statistics of aquatic environments in the natural habitats of zebrafish. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12028. [PMID: 37491571 PMCID: PMC10368656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal sensory systems are tightly adapted to the demands of their environment. In the visual domain, research has shown that many species have circuits and systems that exploit statistical regularities in natural visual signals. The zebrafish is a popular model animal in visual neuroscience, but relatively little quantitative data is available about the visual properties of the aquatic habitats where zebrafish reside, as compared to terrestrial environments. Improving our understanding of the visual demands of the aquatic habitats of zebrafish can enhance the insights about sensory neuroscience yielded by this model system. We analyzed a video dataset of zebrafish habitats captured by a stationary camera and compared this dataset to videos of terrestrial scenes in the same geographic area. Our analysis of the spatiotemporal structure in these videos suggests that zebrafish habitats are characterized by low visual contrast and strong motion when compared to terrestrial environments. Similar to terrestrial environments, zebrafish habitats tended to be dominated by dark contrasts, particularly in the lower visual field. We discuss how these properties of the visual environment can inform the study of zebrafish visual behavior and neural processing and, by extension, can inform our understanding of the vertebrate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanya T Cai
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Venkatesh S Krishna
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Tim C Hladnik
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre for Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicholas C Guilbeault
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chinnian Vijayakumar
- Department of Zoology, Department of Zoology, St. Andrew's College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muthukumarasamy Arunachalam
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
- Centre for Inland Fishes and Conservation, St. Andrew's College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Scott A Juntti
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Aristides B Arrenberg
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tod R Thiele
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, Canada.
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Emily A Cooper
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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26
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Zhaoping L. Peripheral and central sensation: multisensory orienting and recognition across species. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:539-552. [PMID: 37095006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Attentional bottlenecks force animals to deeply process only a selected fraction of sensory inputs. This motivates a unifying central-peripheral dichotomy (CPD), which separates multisensory processing into functionally defined central and peripheral senses. Peripheral senses (e.g., human audition and peripheral vision) select a fraction of the sensory inputs by orienting animals' attention; central senses (e.g., human foveal vision) allow animals to recognize the selected inputs. Originally used to understand human vision, CPD can be applied to multisensory processes across species. I first describe key characteristics of central and peripheral senses, such as the degree of top-down feedback and density of sensory receptors, and then show CPD as a framework to link ecological, behavioral, neurophysiological, and anatomical data and produce falsifiable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhaoping
- University of Tübingen, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
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27
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Hasani H, Sun J, Zhu SI, Rong Q, Willomitzer F, Amor R, McConnell G, Cossairt O, Goodhill GJ. Whole-brain imaging of freely-moving zebrafish. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1127574. [PMID: 37139528 PMCID: PMC10150962 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1127574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the holy grails of neuroscience is to record the activity of every neuron in the brain while an animal moves freely and performs complex behavioral tasks. While important steps forward have been taken recently in large-scale neural recording in rodent models, single neuron resolution across the entire mammalian brain remains elusive. In contrast the larval zebrafish offers great promise in this regard. Zebrafish are a vertebrate model with substantial homology to the mammalian brain, but their transparency allows whole-brain recordings of genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators at single-neuron resolution using optical microscopy techniques. Furthermore zebrafish begin to show a complex repertoire of natural behavior from an early age, including hunting small, fast-moving prey using visual cues. Until recently work to address the neural bases of these behaviors mostly relied on assays where the fish was immobilized under the microscope objective, and stimuli such as prey were presented virtually. However significant progress has recently been made in developing brain imaging techniques for zebrafish which are not immobilized. Here we discuss recent advances, focusing particularly on techniques based on light-field microscopy. We also draw attention to several important outstanding issues which remain to be addressed to increase the ecological validity of the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hasani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jipeng Sun
- Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Shuyu I. Zhu
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qiangzhou Rong
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Florian Willomitzer
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rumelo Amor
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gail McConnell
- Centre for Biophotonics, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Cossairt
- Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Geoffrey J. Goodhill
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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28
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Wang X, Roberts PA, Yoshimatsu T, Lagnado L, Baden T. Amacrine cells differentially balance zebrafish color circuits in the central and peripheral retina. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112055. [PMID: 36757846 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate inner retina is driven by photoreceptors whose outputs are already pre-processed; in zebrafish, outer retinal circuits split "color" from "grayscale" information across four cone-photoreceptor types. It remains unclear how the inner retina processes incoming spectral information while also combining cone signals to shape grayscale functions. We address this question by imaging the light-driven responses of amacrine cells (ACs) and bipolar cells (BCs) in larval zebrafish in the presence and pharmacological absence of inner retinal inhibition. We find that ACs enhance opponency in some bipolar cells while at the same time suppressing pre-existing opponency in others, so that, depending on the retinal region, the net change in the number of color-opponent units is essentially zero. To achieve this "dynamic balance," ACs counteract intrinsic color opponency of BCs via the On channel. Consistent with these observations, Off-stratifying ACs are exclusively achromatic, while all color-opponent ACs stratify in the On sublamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Biology Road, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Paul A Roberts
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Biology Road, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Takeshi Yoshimatsu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Biology Road, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Leon Lagnado
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Biology Road, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Tom Baden
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Biology Road, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK; Institute of Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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29
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Kugler E, Bravo I, Durmishi X, Marcotti S, Beqiri S, Carrington A, Stramer B, Mattar P, MacDonald RB. GliaMorph: a modular image analysis toolkit to quantify Müller glial cell morphology. Development 2023; 150:dev201008. [PMID: 36625162 PMCID: PMC10110500 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell morphology is crucial for all cell functions. This is particularly true for glial cells as they rely on complex shape to contact and support neurons. However, methods to quantify complex glial cell shape accurately and reproducibly are lacking. To address this, we developed the image analysis pipeline 'GliaMorph'. GliaMorph is a modular analysis toolkit developed to perform (1) image pre-processing, (2) semi-automatic region-of-interest selection, (3) apicobasal texture analysis, (4) glia segmentation, and (5) cell feature quantification. Müller glia (MG) have a stereotypic shape linked to their maturation and physiological status. Here, we characterized MG on three levels: (1) global image-level, (2) apicobasal texture, and (3) regional apicobasal vertical-to-horizontal alignment. Using GliaMorph, we quantified MG development on a global and single-cell level, showing increased feature elaboration and subcellular morphological rearrangement in the zebrafish retina. As proof of principle, we analysed expression changes in a mouse glaucoma model, identifying subcellular protein localization changes in MG. Together, these data demonstrate that GliaMorph enables an in-depth understanding of MG morphology in the developing and diseased retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kugler
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath St, Greater London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Isabel Bravo
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath St, Greater London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Xhuljana Durmishi
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath St, Greater London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Stefania Marcotti
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sara Beqiri
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath St, Greater London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Alicia Carrington
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath St, Greater London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Brian Stramer
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Pierre Mattar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Ryan B. MacDonald
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath St, Greater London EC1V 9EL, UK
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30
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Angueyra JM, Kunze VP, Patak LK, Kim H, Kindt K, Li W. Transcription factors underlying photoreceptor diversity. eLife 2023; 12:e81579. [PMID: 36745553 PMCID: PMC9901936 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, retinal progenitors navigate a complex landscape of fate decisions to generate the major cell classes necessary for proper vision. Transcriptional regulation is critical to generate diversity within these major cell classes. Here, we aim to provide the resources and techniques required to identify transcription factors necessary to generate and maintain diversity in photoreceptor subtypes, which are critical for vision. First, we generate a key resource: a high-quality and deep transcriptomic profile of each photoreceptor subtype in adult zebrafish. We make this resource openly accessible, easy to explore, and have integrated it with other currently available photoreceptor transcriptomic datasets. Second, using our transcriptomic profiles, we derive an in-depth map of expression of transcription factors in photoreceptors. Third, we use efficient CRISPR-Cas9 based mutagenesis to screen for null phenotypes in F0 larvae (F0 screening) as a fast, efficient, and versatile technique to assess the involvement of candidate transcription factors in the generation of photoreceptor subtypes. We first show that known phenotypes can be easily replicated using this method: loss of S cones in foxq2 mutants and loss of rods in nr2e3 mutants. We then identify novel functions for the transcription factor Tbx2, demonstrating that it plays distinct roles in controlling the generation of all photoreceptor subtypes within the retina. Our study provides a roadmap to discover additional factors involved in this process. Additionally, we explore four transcription factors of unknown function (Skor1a, Sall1a, Lrrfip1a, and Xbp1), and find no evidence for their involvement in the generation of photoreceptor subtypes. This dataset and screening method will be a valuable way to explore the genes involved in many other essential aspects of photoreceptor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Angueyra
- Unit of Retinal Neurophysiology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Vincent P Kunze
- Unit of Retinal Neurophysiology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Laura K Patak
- Unit of Retinal Neurophysiology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Hailey Kim
- Unit of Retinal Neurophysiology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Katie Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Wei Li
- Unit of Retinal Neurophysiology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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31
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Zhu SI, Goodhill GJ. From perception to behavior: The neural circuits underlying prey hunting in larval zebrafish. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1087993. [PMID: 36817645 PMCID: PMC9928868 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1087993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A key challenge for neural systems is to extract relevant information from the environment and make appropriate behavioral responses. The larval zebrafish offers an exciting opportunity for studying these sensing processes and sensory-motor transformations. Prey hunting is an instinctual behavior of zebrafish that requires the brain to extract and combine different attributes of the sensory input and form appropriate motor outputs. Due to its small size and transparency the larval zebrafish brain allows optical recording of whole-brain activity to reveal the neural mechanisms involved in prey hunting and capture. In this review we discuss how the larval zebrafish brain processes visual information to identify and locate prey, the neural circuits governing the generation of motor commands in response to prey, how hunting behavior can be modulated by internal states and experience, and some outstanding questions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu I. Zhu
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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32
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Shen C, Cai Y, Li J, He C, Zuo Z. Mepanipyrim induces visual developmental toxicity and vision-guided behavioral alteration in zebrafish larvae. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:76-88. [PMID: 36182181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mepanipyrim, an anilinopyrimidine fungicide, has been extensively used to prevent fungal diseases in fruit culture. Currently, research on mepanipyrim-induced toxicity in organisms is still very scarce, especially visual developmental toxicity. Here, zebrafish larvae were employed to investigate mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity. Intense light and monochromatic light stimuli-evoked escape experiments were used to investigate vision-guided behaviors. Meanwhile, transcriptomic sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR assays were applied to assess the potential mechanisms of mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity and vision-guided behavioral alteration. Our results showed that mepanipyrim exposure could induce retinal impairment and vision-guided behavioral alteration in larval zebrafish. In addition, the grk1b gene of the phototransduction signaling pathway was found to be a potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-regulated gene. Mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity was potentially related to the AhR signaling pathway. Furthermore, mepanipyrim-induced behavioral alteration was guided by the visual function, and the effects of mepanipyrim on long and middle wavelength light-sensitive opsins may be the main cause of vision-guided behavioral alteration. Our results provide insights into understanding the relationship between visual development and vision-guided behaviors induced by mepanipyrim exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yimei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jialing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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33
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Park JS, Wei X. Size variations in synaptic terminals among different types of photoreceptors and across the zebrafish retina. Exp Eye Res 2023; 227:109377. [PMID: 36587757 PMCID: PMC9918681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptor synaptic terminals are responsible for transmitting visual information to downstream neurons. In vertebrate retinas, photoreceptor synaptic terminals are of different sizes and structures. The molecular mechanisms that underlie photoreceptor synaptic development are not clearly understood. Here, we have systematically examined the size variations in the synaptic terminals of cone and rod photoreceptors in the adult zebrafish retina. We reveal that the average cone pedicle sizes expand in the order of UV, blue, green, and red cones, echoing the increasing maximally sensitive wavelengths of the opsins expressed in the corresponding cone types. In addition, rod spherules are smaller than all cone pedicles. The terminals of each photoreceptor type also display distinct regional variations across the retina and between males and females. These findings establish the basis for using the zebrafish retina to study the molecular mechanisms that regulate the sizes and structures of photoreceptor terminals for proper visual functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Su Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiangyun Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213, Pennsylvania, USA.
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34
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Bonnen K. Motion vision: Fish swimming to see. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R30-R32. [PMID: 36626861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-motion generates optic flow, a visual motion signal used by many organisms for navigation and self-stabilization. A new study quantitatively demonstrates how environmental structure and current behavioral state explain the spatial biases observed in zebrafish optomotor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bonnen
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 Atwater Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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35
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Fogg LG, Cortesi F, Gache C, Lecchini D, Marshall NJ, de Busserolles F. Developing and adult reef fish show rapid light-induced plasticity in their visual system. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:167-181. [PMID: 36261875 PMCID: PMC10099556 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The visual capabilities of fish are optimized for their ecology and light environment over evolutionary time. Similarly, fish vision can adapt to regular changes in light conditions within their lifetime, e.g., ontogenetic or seasonal variation. However, we do not fully understand how vision responds to irregular short-term changes in the light environment, e.g., algal blooms and light pollution. In this study, we investigated the effect of short-term exposure to unnatural light conditions on opsin gene expression and retinal cell densities in juvenile and adult diurnal reef fish (convict surgeonfish; Acanthurus triostegus). Results revealed phenotypic plasticity in the retina across ontogeny, particularly during development. The most substantial differences at both molecular and cellular levels were found under constant dim light, while constant bright light and simulated artificial light at night had a lesser effect. Under dim light, juveniles and adults increased absolute expression of the cone opsin genes, sws2a, rh2c and lws, within a few days and juveniles also decreased densities of cones, inner nuclear layer cells and ganglion cells. These changes potentially enhanced vision under the altered light conditions. Thus, our study suggests that plasticity mainly comes into play when conditions are extremely different to the species' natural light environment, i.e., a diurnal fish in "constant night". Finally, in a rescue experiment on adults, shifts in opsin expression were reverted within 24 h. Overall, our study showed rapid, reversible light-induced changes in the retina of A. triostegus, demonstrating phenotypic plasticity in the visual system of a reef fish throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily G Fogg
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fabio Cortesi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Camille Gache
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR3278 CRIOBE, Papetoai, French Polynesia.,Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Paris, France
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR3278 CRIOBE, Papetoai, French Polynesia.,Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Paris, France
| | - N Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fanny de Busserolles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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36
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Hernández-Bejarano M, Gestri G, Monfries C, Tucker L, Dragomir EI, Bianco IH, Bovolenta P, Wilson SW, Cavodeassi F. Foxd1-dependent induction of a temporal retinal character is required for visual function. Development 2022; 149:285946. [PMID: 36520654 PMCID: PMC9845753 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate patterning of the retina during embryonic development is assumed to underlie the establishment of spatially localised specialisations that mediate the perception of specific visual features. For example, in zebrafish, an area involved in high acuity vision (HAA) is thought to be present in the ventro-temporal retina. Here, we show that the interplay of the transcription factor Rx3 with Fibroblast Growth Factor and Hedgehog signals initiates and restricts foxd1 expression to the prospective temporal retina, initiating naso-temporal regionalisation of the retina. Abrogation of Foxd1 results in the loss of temporal and expansion of nasal retinal character, and consequent absence of the HAA. These structural defects correlate with severe visual defects, as assessed in optokinetic and optomotor response assays. In contrast, optokinetic responses are unaffected in the opposite condition, in which nasal retinal character is lost at the expense of expanded temporal character. Our study indicates that the establishment of temporal retinal character during early retinal development is required for the specification of the HAA, and suggests a prominent role of the temporal retina in controlling specific visual functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Clinton Monfries
- St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Lisa Tucker
- St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Elena I. Dragomir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Isaac H. Bianco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK,Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28049, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28049, Spain,St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK,Authors for correspondence (; )
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37
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Alexander E, Cai LT, Fuchs S, Hladnik TC, Zhang Y, Subramanian V, Guilbeault NC, Vijayakumar C, Arunachalam M, Juntti SA, Thiele TR, Arrenberg AB, Cooper EA. Optic flow in the natural habitats of zebrafish supports spatial biases in visual self-motion estimation. Curr Biol 2022; 32:5008-5021.e8. [PMID: 36327979 PMCID: PMC9729457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Animals benefit from knowing if and how they are moving. Across the animal kingdom, sensory information in the form of optic flow over the visual field is used to estimate self-motion. However, different species exhibit strong spatial biases in how they use optic flow. Here, we show computationally that noisy natural environments favor visual systems that extract spatially biased samples of optic flow when estimating self-motion. The performance associated with these biases, however, depends on interactions between the environment and the animal's brain and behavior. Using the larval zebrafish as a model, we recorded natural optic flow associated with swimming trajectories in the animal's habitat with an omnidirectional camera mounted on a mechanical arm. An analysis of these flow fields suggests that lateral regions of the lower visual field are most informative about swimming speed. This pattern is consistent with the recent findings that zebrafish optomotor responses are preferentially driven by optic flow in the lateral lower visual field, which we extend with behavioral results from a high-resolution spherical arena. Spatial biases in optic-flow sampling are likely pervasive because they are an effective strategy for determining self-motion in noisy natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Alexander
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA,Present address: Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
| | - Lanya T. Cai
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA,Present address: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sabrina Fuchs
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Tim C. Hladnik
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany,Graduate Training Centre for Neuroscience, University of Tubingen, 72074 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Yue Zhang
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany,Graduate Training Centre for Neuroscience, University of Tubingen, 72074 Tubingen, Germany,Present address: Department of Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence in Foundation, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Venkatesh Subramanian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Nicholas C. Guilbeault
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Chinnian Vijayakumar
- Department of Zoology, St. Andrew’s College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273001, India
| | - Muthukumarasamy Arunachalam
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kerala 671316, India,Present address: Centre for Inland Fishes and Conservation, St. Andrew’s College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273001, India
| | - Scott A. Juntti
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tod R. Thiele
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Aristides B. Arrenberg
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Emily A. Cooper
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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38
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Alexander E, Cai LT, Fuchs S, Hladnik TC, Zhang Y, Subramanian V, Guilbeault NC, Vijayakumar C, Arunachalam M, Juntti SA, Thiele TR, Arrenberg AB, Cooper EA. Optic flow in the natural habitats of zebrafish supports spatial biases in visual self-motion estimation. Curr Biol 2022. [PMID: 36327979 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6604546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Animals benefit from knowing if and how they are moving. Across the animal kingdom, sensory information in the form of optic flow over the visual field is used to estimate self-motion. However, different species exhibit strong spatial biases in how they use optic flow. Here, we show computationally that noisy natural environments favor visual systems that extract spatially biased samples of optic flow when estimating self-motion. The performance associated with these biases, however, depends on interactions between the environment and the animal's brain and behavior. Using the larval zebrafish as a model, we recorded natural optic flow associated with swimming trajectories in the animal's habitat with an omnidirectional camera mounted on a mechanical arm. An analysis of these flow fields suggests that lateral regions of the lower visual field are most informative about swimming speed. This pattern is consistent with the recent findings that zebrafish optomotor responses are preferentially driven by optic flow in the lateral lower visual field, which we extend with behavioral results from a high-resolution spherical arena. Spatial biases in optic-flow sampling are likely pervasive because they are an effective strategy for determining self-motion in noisy natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Alexander
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Lanya T Cai
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sabrina Fuchs
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Tim C Hladnik
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre for Neuroscience, University of Tubingen, 72074 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Yue Zhang
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre for Neuroscience, University of Tubingen, 72074 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Venkatesh Subramanian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Guilbeault
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Chinnian Vijayakumar
- Department of Zoology, St. Andrew's College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273001, India
| | | | - Scott A Juntti
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tod R Thiele
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Aristides B Arrenberg
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Emily A Cooper
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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39
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Alexander E, Cai LT, Fuchs S, Hladnik TC, Zhang Y, Subramanian V, Guilbeault NC, Vijayakumar C, Arunachalam M, Juntti SA, Thiele TR, Arrenberg AB, Cooper EA. Optic flow in the natural habitats of zebrafish supports spatial biases in visual self-motion estimation. Curr Biol 2022. [PMID: 36327979 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7120876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Animals benefit from knowing if and how they are moving. Across the animal kingdom, sensory information in the form of optic flow over the visual field is used to estimate self-motion. However, different species exhibit strong spatial biases in how they use optic flow. Here, we show computationally that noisy natural environments favor visual systems that extract spatially biased samples of optic flow when estimating self-motion. The performance associated with these biases, however, depends on interactions between the environment and the animal's brain and behavior. Using the larval zebrafish as a model, we recorded natural optic flow associated with swimming trajectories in the animal's habitat with an omnidirectional camera mounted on a mechanical arm. An analysis of these flow fields suggests that lateral regions of the lower visual field are most informative about swimming speed. This pattern is consistent with the recent findings that zebrafish optomotor responses are preferentially driven by optic flow in the lateral lower visual field, which we extend with behavioral results from a high-resolution spherical arena. Spatial biases in optic-flow sampling are likely pervasive because they are an effective strategy for determining self-motion in noisy natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Alexander
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Lanya T Cai
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sabrina Fuchs
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Tim C Hladnik
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre for Neuroscience, University of Tubingen, 72074 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Yue Zhang
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre for Neuroscience, University of Tubingen, 72074 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Venkatesh Subramanian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Guilbeault
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Chinnian Vijayakumar
- Department of Zoology, St. Andrew's College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273001, India
| | | | - Scott A Juntti
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tod R Thiele
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Aristides B Arrenberg
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Emily A Cooper
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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40
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He L, He Y, Ma L, Huang T. A theoretical model reveals specialized synaptic depressions and temporal frequency tuning in retinal parallel channels. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:1034446. [DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.1034446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Outer Plexiform Layer of a retina, a cone pedicle provides synaptic inputs for multiple cone bipolar cell (CBC) subtypes so that each subtype formats a parallelized processing channel to filter visual features from the environment. Due to the diversity of short-term depressions among cone-CBC contacts, these channels have different temporal frequency tunings. Here, we propose a theoretical model based on the hierarchy Linear-Nonlinear-Synapse framework to link the synaptic depression and the neural activities of the cone-CBC circuit. The model successfully captures various frequency tunings of subtype-specialized channels and infers synaptic depression recovery time constants inside circuits. Furthermore, the model can predict frequency-tuning behaviors based on synaptic activities. With the prediction of region-specialized UV cone parallel channels, we suggest the acute zone in the zebrafish retina supports detecting light-off events at high temporal frequencies.
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41
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Roberts RJV, Pop S, Prieto-Godino LL. Evolution of central neural circuits: state of the art and perspectives. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:725-743. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Bolstad K, Novales Flamarique I. Chromatic organization of retinal photoreceptors during eye migration of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). J Comp Neurol 2022; 531:256-280. [PMID: 36217253 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The retinas of fishes often have single and double cone photoreceptors that are organized in lattice-like mosaics. In flatfishes experiencing eye migration (i.e., the metamorphic process whereby one eye migrates to the other side of the head), the hexagonal lattice of single cones present in the larva undergoes major restructuring resulting in a dominant square mosaic postmetamorphosis consisting of four double cones surrounding each single cone. The expression of different opsin types during eye migration has not been examined despite its importance in understanding photoreceptor plasticity and whether cell fate (in terms of spectral phenotype) could influence square mosaic formation. Here, we probed the retina of Atlantic halibut undergoing eye migration for opsin expression using two antibodies, AHblue and AB5407, that labeled short wavelength sensitive 2 (SWS2) opsin and longer wavelength (predominantly middle wavelength sensitive, RH2) opsins, respectively. Throughout the retina, double and triple cones labeled with AB5407 exclusively, whereas the vast majority of single cones labeled with AHblue. A minority (<5%) of single cones in the square mosaic of the centroventral retina labeled with AB5407. In regions of mosaic transition and near peripheral growth zones, some single cones co-expressed at least two opsins as they labeled with both antibodies. Short wavelength (SWS2 expressing, or S) cones formed a nonrandom mosaic gradient from central to dorsal retina in a region dominated by the larval single cone mosaic. Our results demonstrate the expression of at least two opsins throughout the postmetamorphic retina and suggest opsin switching as a mechanism to create new cone spectral phenotypes. In addition, the S cone gradient at the onset of eye migration may underlie a plastic, cell induction mechanism by which a cone's phenotype determines that of its neighbors and the formation of the square mosaic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Bolstad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Iñigo Novales Flamarique
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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43
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Franke K, Willeke KF, Ponder K, Galdamez M, Zhou N, Muhammad T, Patel S, Froudarakis E, Reimer J, Sinz FH, Tolias AS. State-dependent pupil dilation rapidly shifts visual feature selectivity. Nature 2022; 610:128-134. [PMID: 36171291 PMCID: PMC10635574 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To increase computational flexibility, the processing of sensory inputs changes with behavioural context. In the visual system, active behavioural states characterized by motor activity and pupil dilation1,2 enhance sensory responses, but typically leave the preferred stimuli of neurons unchanged2-9. Here we find that behavioural state also modulates stimulus selectivity in the mouse visual cortex in the context of coloured natural scenes. Using population imaging in behaving mice, pharmacology and deep neural network modelling, we identified a rapid shift in colour selectivity towards ultraviolet stimuli during an active behavioural state. This was exclusively caused by state-dependent pupil dilation, which resulted in a dynamic switch from rod to cone photoreceptors, thereby extending their role beyond night and day vision. The change in tuning facilitated the decoding of ethological stimuli, such as aerial predators against the twilight sky10. For decades, studies in neuroscience and cognitive science have used pupil dilation as an indirect measure of brain state. Our data suggest that, in addition, state-dependent pupil dilation itself tunes visual representations to behavioural demands by differentially recruiting rods and cones on fast timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Franke
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany.
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Konstantin F Willeke
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kayla Ponder
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mario Galdamez
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Na Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Taliah Muhammad
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Saumil Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emmanouil Froudarakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jacob Reimer
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabian H Sinz
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas S Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Kondrashev S, Pushchin I, Gatilova S, Kamenev Y. Retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolution in the smelt
Hypomesus japonicus
(Brevoort, 1856). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Kondrashev
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok Russia
- Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Igor Pushchin
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok Russia
| | - Svetlana Gatilova
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences Vladivostok Russia
| | - Yaroslav Kamenev
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok Russia
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Kondrashev SL. Photoreceptors, visual pigments and intraretinal variability in spectral sensitivity in two species of smelts (Pisces, Osmeridae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:584-596. [PMID: 35655413 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to clarify whether the spectral properties of retinal photoreceptors reflect the features of behaviour of closely related fish species cohabiting shallow marine and fresh waters. The spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors was compared between two smelt species, Hypomesus japonicus and Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis. The spectral absorption of the visual pigments was measured using microspectrophotometry. In H. japonicus, a mostly marine species, all photoreceptors contained visual pigments based on retinal and were distributed differently in specific retinal areas. The absorbance maxima (λmax ) of rods and long-wave-sensitive members of double cones throughout the retina amounted to 507 and 573 nm, respectively, but the λmax value of the short-wave-sensitive members of double cones and single cones in the temporal hemiretina showed a significant blue shift compared to the nasal hemiretina: 485 vs. 516 nm and 375 vs. 412 nm, respectively, thus enhancing the short-wave sensitivity of the temporal hemiretina. In H. nipponensis, an euryhaline species, the estimated λmax value of both rods and cones significantly varied between the groups caught in different localities (sea, river or estuary) because of the presence of rhodopsin/porphyropsin mixtures. The long-wavelength shift in rod and cone photoreceptors was observed because of changes in the chromophore complement in closely related but ecologically different species dwelling in freshened bodies of water. Considering the data available in the literature, several putative common opsin genes have been suggested for species under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei L Kondrashev
- Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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46
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Zebrafish and inherited photoreceptor disease: Models and insights. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101096. [PMID: 35811244 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptor dysfunctions and degenerative diseases are significant causes of vision loss in patients, with few effective treatments available. Targeted interventions to prevent or reverse photoreceptor-related vision loss are not possible without a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanism leading to disease, which is exceedingly difficult to accomplish in the human system. Cone diseases are particularly challenging to model, as some popular genetically modifiable model animals are nocturnal with a rod-dominant visual system and cones that have dissimilarities to human cones. As a result, cone diseases, which affect visual acuity, colour perception, and central vision in patients, are generally poorly understood in terms of pathology and mechanism. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) provide the opportunity to model photoreceptor diseases in a diurnal vertebrate with a cone-rich retina which develops many macular degeneration-like pathologies. Zebrafish undergo external development, allowing early-onset retinal diseases to be detected and studied, and many ophthalmic tools are available for zebrafish visual assessment during development and adulthood. There are numerous zebrafish models of photoreceptor disease, spanning the various types of photoreceptor disease (developmental, rod, cone, and mixed photoreceptor diseases) and genetic/molecular cause. In this review, we explore the features of zebrafish that make them uniquely poised to model cone diseases, summarize the established zebrafish models of inherited photoreceptor disease, and discuss how disease in these models compares to the human presentation, where applicable. Further, we highlight the contributions of these zebrafish models to our understanding of photoreceptor biology and disease, and discuss future directions for utilising and investigating these diverse models.
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Abstract
An ultimate goal in retina science is to understand how the neural circuit of the retina processes natural visual scenes. Yet most studies in laboratories have long been performed with simple, artificial visual stimuli such as full-field illumination, spots of light, or gratings. The underlying assumption is that the features of the retina thus identified carry over to the more complex scenario of natural scenes. As the application of corresponding natural settings is becoming more commonplace in experimental investigations, this assumption is being put to the test and opportunities arise to discover processing features that are triggered by specific aspects of natural scenes. Here, we review how natural stimuli have been used to probe, refine, and complement knowledge accumulated under simplified stimuli, and we discuss challenges and opportunities along the way toward a comprehensive understanding of the encoding of natural scenes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 8 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimokratis Karamanlis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helene Marianne Schreyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Gollisch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Tang SL, Liang XF, Li L, Wu J, Lu K. Genome-wide identification and expression patterns of opsin genes during larval development in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Gene X 2022; 825:146434. [PMID: 35304240 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision is important for fish to forage food and fishes express opsin genes to receive visual signals. Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) larvae prey on other fish species larvae at firstfeeding but donoteat any zooplankton, the expression of opsin genes in S. chuatsilarvae is unknown. In this study, we conducted a whole-genome analysis and demonstrated that S. chuatsihave5cone opsin genes (sws1, sws2Aα, sws2Aβ, rh2and lws)and 2 rod opsin genes (rh1and rh1-exorh). The syntenicanalysisshowedthe flanking genes ofall opsin genes were conserved during fish evolution, but the ancestorof S. chuatsimightlost some opsin gene copies duringtheevolution.The phylogeneticanalysisshowed sws1of S. chuatsiwas closest to those of Lates calcariferwhich had a truncated sws1gene; the sws2Aα, sws2Aβ,lws,rh2,rh1 andrh1-exorh of S. chuatsihad a closer relationship with those of Percomorpha fishes.Importantly, results of in situhybridization showed the sws1 opsingene,which is related to forage zooplankton,had extremely low levelexpression in retinaat early stages.Surprisingly, the rh2 opsin gene had a high level expression at firstfeeding stage. The sws2Aα, sws2Aβand lwshad a little expression at early stages but the lwsshowed a increasing trend with larval development, rh1 opsin gene expression appeared at15 dph. In thisstudy, we found a specialpattern of visual opsin genes expression in S. chuatsi, it might influence the larval first feeding and feeding habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lin Tang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ling Li
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
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Diurnal changes in the efficiency of information transmission at a sensory synapse. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2613. [PMID: 35551183 PMCID: PMC9098879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulators adapt sensory circuits to changes in the external world or the animal’s internal state and synapses are key control sites for such plasticity. Less clear is how neuromodulation alters the amount of information transmitted through the circuit. We investigated this question in the context of the diurnal regulation of visual processing in the retina of zebrafish, focusing on ribbon synapses of bipolar cells. We demonstrate that contrast-sensitivity peaks in the afternoon accompanied by a four-fold increase in the average Shannon information transmitted from an active zone. This increase reflects higher synaptic gain, lower spontaneous “noise” and reduced variability of evoked responses. Simultaneously, an increase in the probability of multivesicular events with larger information content increases the efficiency of transmission (bits per vesicle) by factors of 1.5-2.7. This study demonstrates the multiplicity of mechanisms by which a neuromodulator can adjust the synaptic transfer of sensory information. Neuromodulators can adjust how sensory signals are processed. In this study, the authors demonstrate how time of day affects the way information is transmitted in the zebrafish retina.
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Hsu WH, Chung CP, Wang YY, Kuo YH, Yeh CH, Lee IJ, Lin YL. Dendrobium nobile protects retinal cells from UV-induced oxidative stress damage via Nrf2/HO-1 and MAPK pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114886. [PMID: 34856359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Excessive UV irradiation and ROS exposure are the main contributors of ocular pathologies. Pseudobulb of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is one of the sources of Shihu and has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic to nourish stomach, replenish body fluid, antipyretic and anti-inflammation. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to investigate whether D. nobile could protect ocular cells against oxidative stress damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retinal-related cell lines, ARPE-19 and RGC-5 cells, were pretreated with D. nobile extracts before H2O2- and UV-treatment. Cell viability and the oxidative stress were monitored by sulforhodamine B (SRB) and SOD1 and CAT assay kits, respectively. The oxidative stress related proteins were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS Under activity-guided fractionation, a sesquiterpene-enriched fraction (DN-2) and a major component (1) could ameliorate H2O2- and UV-induced cytotoxicity and SOD1 and CAT activity, but not dendrobine, the chemical marker of D. nobile. Western blotting showed both DN-2 and compound 1 protected ARPE-19 cells against UV-induced oxidative stress damage by regulating MAPK and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. CONCLUSION Our results suggest D. nobile extract protects retinal pigment epithelia cells from UV- and oxidative stress-damage, which may have a beneficial effect on eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pei Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | | | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Yeh
- Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taoyuan 32754, Taiwan
| | - I-Jung Lee
- Herbal Medicine Department, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama Kanagawa 245-0046, Japan
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan.
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