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Li ZY, Yang X, Wang JK, Yan XX, Liu F, Zuo YC. MFGE8 promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rats following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via modifying the integrin β3/Akt signaling pathway. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:359. [PMID: 39128910 PMCID: PMC11317487 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most severe type of cerebral strokes, which can cause multiple cellular changes in the brain leading to neuronal injury and neurological deficits. Specifically, SAH can impair adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, thus may affecting poststroke neurological and cognitive recovery. Here, we identified a non-canonical role of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) in rat brain after experimental SAH, involving a stimulation on adult hippocampal neurogenesis(AHN). Experimental SAH was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via endovascular perforation, with the in vivo effect of MFGE8 evaluated via the application of recombinant human MFGE8 (rhMFGE8) along with pharmacological interventions, as determined by hemorrhagic grading, neurobehavioral test, and histological and biochemical analyses of neurogenesis related markers. Results: Levels of the endogenous hippocampal MFGE8 protein, integrin-β3 and protein kinase B (p-Akt) were elevated in the SAH relative to control groups, while that of hippocalcin (HPCA) and cyclin D1 showed the opposite change. Intraventricular rhMGFE8 infusion reversed the decrease in doublecortin (DCX) immature neurons in the DG after SAH, along with improved the short/long term neurobehavioral scores. rhMGFE8 treatment elevated the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), p-Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), CyclinD1, HPCA and DCX in hippocampal lysates, but not that of integrin β3 and Akt, at 24 hr after SAH. Treatment of integrin β3 siRNA, the PI3K selective inhibitor ly294002 or Akt selective inhibitor MK2206 abolished the effects of rhMGFE8 after SAH. In conclusion, MFGE8 is upregulated in the hippocampus in adult rats with reduced granule cell genesis. rhMFGE8 administration can rescue this impaired adult neurogenesis and improve neurobehavioral recovery. Mechanistically, the effect of MFGE8 on hippocampal adult neurogenesis is mediated by the activation of integrin β3/Akt pathway. These findings suggest that exogenous MFGE8 may be of potential therapeutic value in SAH management. Graphical abstract and proposed pathway of rhMFGE8 administration attenuate hippocampal injury by improving neurogenesis in SAH models. SAH caused hippocampal injury and neurogenesis interruption. Administered exogenous MFGE8, recombinant human MFGE8(rhMFGE8), could ameliorate hippocampal injury and improve neurological functions after SAH. Mechanistically, MFGE8 bind to the receptor integrin β3, which activated the PI3K/Akt pathway to increase the mTOR expression, and further promote the expression of cyclin D1, HPCA and DCX. rhMFGE8 could attenuated hippocampal injury by improving neurogenesis after SAH, however, know down integrin β3 or pharmacological inhibited PI3K/Akt by ly294002 or MK2206 reversed the neuro-protective effect of rhMFGE8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xian Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Ji-Kai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Yu-Chun Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Liu Y, Qin Y, Zhang Y. circRNA-PTPN4 mediated regulation of FOXO3 and ZO-1 expression: implications for blood-brain barrier integrity and cognitive function in uremic encephalopathy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:22. [PMID: 38630149 PMCID: PMC11024022 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Uremic encephalopathy (UE) poses a significant challenge in neurology, leading to the need to investigate the involvement of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in its development. This study employed ncRNA-seq and RNA-seq approaches to identify fundamental ncRNAs, specifically circRNA and miRNA, in the pathogenesis of UE using a mouse model. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to explore the circRNA-PTPN4/miR-301a-3p/FOXO3 axis and its effects on blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and cognitive abilities. The research revealed that circRNA-PTPN4 binds to and inhibits miR-301a-3p, leading to an increase in FOXO3 expression. This upregulation results in alterations in the transcriptional regulation of ZO-1, affecting the permeability of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). The axis also influences the growth, proliferation, and migration of HBMECs. Mice with UE exhibited cognitive deficits, which were reversed by overexpression of circRNA-PTPN4, whereas silencing FOXO3 exacerbated these deficits. Furthermore, the uremic mice showed neuronal loss, inflammation, and dysfunction in the BBB, with the expression of circRNA-PTPN4 demonstrating therapeutic effects. In conclusion, circRNA-PTPN4 plays a role in promoting FOXO3 expression by sequestering miR-301a-3p, ultimately leading to the upregulation of ZO-1 expression and restoration of BBB function in mice with UE. This process contributes to the restoration of cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of the Northern Theatre, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Qin
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of the Northern Theatre, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of the Northern Theatre, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Wu J, Wang H, Wang N, Wang Z, Zhu Q. TIE2 expression in hypertensive ICH and its therapeutic modulation with AKB-9778: Implications for brain vascular health. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114685. [PMID: 38195021 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating condition, the molecular underpinnings of which remain not fully understood. By leveraging high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and network pharmacology analysis, this study unveils the significant role of the tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 2 (TIE2) in ICH pathogenesis. Compared to controls, a conspicuous downregulation of TIE2 was observed in the cerebral blood vessels of hypertensive ICH mice. In vitro assays with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), HBEC-5i revealed that modulation of TIE2 expression significantly influences cellular proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, mediated via the Rap1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Notably, the small molecule AKB-9778 was identified to target and activate TIE2, affecting the functional attributes of HBEC-5i. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that combining AKB-9778 with antihypertensive drugs could mitigate the incidence and volume of bleeding in hypertensive ICH mouse models, suggesting potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Naizhu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Zai Wang
- Science and Education Division, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, PR China.
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4
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Mizote Y, Inoue T, Akazawa T, Kunimasa K, Tamiya M, Kumamoto Y, Tsuda A, Yoshida S, Tatsumi K, Ekawa T, Honma K, Nishino K, Tahara H. Potent CTLs can be induced against tumor cells in an environment of lower levels of systemic MFG-E8. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1114-1128. [PMID: 38332689 PMCID: PMC11007000 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The direction and magnitude of immune responses are critically affected when dead cells are disposed of. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8 (MFG-E8) promotes the engulfment of apoptotic normal and cancerous cells without inducing inflammation. We have previously reported that a certain proportion of the cancer cells express abundant MFG-E8, and that such expression is associated with the shorter survival of patients with esophageal cancer who had received chemotherapy before surgery. However, the influence of tumor-derived and systemically existing MFG-E8 on antitumor immune responses has not yet been fully investigated. Herein, we showed that CTL-dependent antitumor immune responses were observed in mice with no or decreased levels of systemic MFG-E8, and that such responses were enhanced further with the administration of anti-PD-1 antibody. In mice with decreased levels of systemic MFG-E8, the dominance of regulatory T cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was inverted to CD8+ T cell dominance. MFG-E8 expression by tumor cells appears to affect antitumor immune responses only when the level of systemic MFG-E8 is lower than the physiological status. We have also demonstrated in the clinical setting that lower levels of plasma MFG-E8, but not MFG-E8 expression in tumor cells, before the treatment was associated with objective responses to anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. These results suggest that systemic MFG-E8 plays a critical role during the immunological initiation process of antigen-presenting cells to increase tumor-specific CTLs. Regulation of the systemic level of MFG-E8 might induce efficient antitumor immune responses and enhance the potency of anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mizote
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Takako Inoue
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Motohiro Tamiya
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Yachiyo Kumamoto
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Arisa Tsuda
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Satomi Yoshida
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Kumiko Tatsumi
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoya Ekawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and CytologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Kazumi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
- Project Division of Cancer Biomolecular Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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5
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Xu H, Jiang W, Li X, Jiang J, Afridi SK, Deng L, Li R, Luo E, Zhang Z, Huang YWA, Cui Y, So KF, Chen H, Qiu W, Tang C. hUC-MSCs-derived MFGE8 ameliorates locomotor dysfunction via inhibition of ITGB3/ NF-κB signaling in an NMO mouse model. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:4. [PMID: 38242900 PMCID: PMC10798960 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that affects motor function and causes relapsing disability. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have been used extensively in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, due to their potent regulatory roles that can mitigate inflammation and repair damaged tissues. However, their use in NMO is currently limited, and the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of hUC-MSCs on motor function in NMO remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the effects of hUC-MSCs on the recovery of motor function in an NMO systemic model. Our findings demonstrate that milk fat globule epidermal growth 8 (MFGE8), a key functional factor secreted by hUC-MSCs, plays a critical role in ameliorating motor impairments. We also elucidate that the MFGE8/Integrin αvβ3/NF-κB signaling pathway is partially responsible for structural and functional recovery, in addition to motor functional enhancements induced by hUC-MSC exposure. Taken together, these findings strongly support the involvement of MFGE8 in mediating hUC-MSCs-induced improvements in motor functional recovery in an NMO mouse model. In addition, this provides new insight on the therapeutic potential of hUC-MSCs and the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects in NMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuejia Li
- Guangzhou SALIAI Stem Cell Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Saliai Stem Cell Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiaohua Jiang
- Guangzhou SALIAI Stem Cell Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Saliai Stem Cell Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shabbir Khan Afridi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Longhui Deng
- Guangzhou SALIAI Stem Cell Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Saliai Stem Cell Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ermei Luo
- Guangzhou SALIAI Stem Cell Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Saliai Stem Cell Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaoqing Zhang
- Guangzhou SALIAI Stem Cell Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Saliai Stem Cell Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Wen Alvin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 70 Ship 15 Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Yaxiong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangzhou SALIAI Stem Cell Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Saliai Stem Cell Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haijia Chen
- Guangzhou SALIAI Stem Cell Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Saliai Stem Cell Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Changyong Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
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6
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Qaed E, Almoiliqy M, Al-Hamyari B, Qaid A, Alademy H, Al-Maamari A, Alyafeai E, Geng Z, Tang Z, Ma X. Procyanidins: A promising anti-diabetic agent with potential benefits on glucose metabolism and diabetes complications. Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:688-699. [PMID: 37553788 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease with alarming worldwide health implications and high mortality rates, largely due to its complications such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Recent research has shown that procyanidins (PC), a type of flavonoid, have strong antioxidant and free radical elimination effects, and may be useful in improving glucose metabolism, enhancing pancreatic islet cell activity, and decreasing the prevalence of DM complications. This review article presents a systematic search for peer-reviewed articles on the use of PC in the treatment of DM, without any language restrictions. The article also discusses the potential for PC to sensitise DM medications and improve their efficacy. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated promising results in improving the biological activity and bioavailability of PC for the treatment of DM. The article concludes by highlighting the potential for novel materials and targeted drug delivery methods to enhance the pharmacokinetics and bioactivity of PC, leading to the creation of safer and more effective anti-DM medications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskandar Qaed
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Marwan Almoiliqy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen
| | - Bandar Al-Hamyari
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdullah Qaid
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Haneen Alademy
- Taiz University Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Taizz, Yemen
| | - Ahmed Al-Maamari
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Eman Alyafeai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaohong Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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7
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Tartara F, Montalbetti A, Crobeddu E, Armocida D, Tavazzi E, Cardia A, Cenzato M, Boeris D, Garbossa D, Cofano F. Compartmental Cerebrospinal Fluid Events Occurring after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An "Heparin Oriented" Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7832. [PMID: 37175544 PMCID: PMC10178276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a severe acute event with high morbidity and mortality due to the development of early brain injury (EBI), secondary delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and shunt-related hydrocephalus. Secondary events (SSE) such as neuroinflammation, vasospasm, excitotoxicity, blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative cascade, and neuronal apoptosis are related to DCI. Despite improvement in management strategies and therapeutic protocols, surviving patients frequently present neurological deficits with neurocognitive impairment. The aim of this paper is to offer to clinicians a practical review of the actually documented pathophysiological events following subarachnoid hemorrhage. To reach our goal we performed a literature review analyzing reported studies regarding the mediators involved in the pathophysiological events following SAH occurring in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (hemoglobin degradation products, platelets, complement, cytokines, chemokines, leucocytes, endothelin-1, NO-synthase, osteopontin, matricellular proteins, blood-brain barrier disruption, microglia polarization). The cascade of pathophysiological events secondary to SAH is very complex and involves several interconnected, but also distinct pathways. The identification of single therapeutical targets or specific pharmacological agents may be a limited strategy able to block only selective pathophysiological paths, but not the global evolution of SAH-related events. We report furthermore on the role of heparin in SAH management and discuss the rationale for use of intrathecal heparin as a pleiotropic therapeutical agent. The combination of the anticoagulant effect and the ability to interfere with SSE theoretically make heparin a very interesting molecule for SAH management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Tartara
- IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale C. Mondino, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Montalbetti
- A.O.U. Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Crobeddu
- A.O.U. Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniele Armocida
- A.U.O. Policlinico Umberto I, Neurosurgery Division, Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Eleonora Tavazzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale C. Mondino, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Cardia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cenzato
- Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, Department of Neurosurgery, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Boeris
- Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, Department of Neurosurgery, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Cofano
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy
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8
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Ren J, Zhu B, Gu G, Zhang W, Li J, Wang H, Wang M, Song X, Wei Z, Feng S. Schwann cell-derived exosomes containing MFG-E8 modify macrophage/microglial polarization for attenuating inflammation via the SOCS3/STAT3 pathway after spinal cord injury. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:70. [PMID: 36717543 PMCID: PMC9887051 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage/microglia polarization acts as an important part in regulating inflammatory responses in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the regulation of inflammation of Schwann cell-derived exosomes (SCDEs) for SCI repair is still unclear. Therefore, we intend to find out the effect of SCDEs on regulating the inflammation related to macrophage polarization during the recovery of SCI. Firstly, the thesis demonstrated that SCDEs could attenuate the LPS- inflammation in BMDMs by suppressing M1 polarization and stimulating M2 polarization. Similarly, SCDEs improved functional recovery of female Wistar rats of the SCI contusion model according to BBB (Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan) score, electrophysiological assay, and the gait analysis system of CatWalk XT. Moreover, MFG-E8 was verified as the main component of SCDEs to improve the inflammatory response by proteomic sequencing and lentiviral transfection. Improvement of the inflammatory microenvironment also inhibited neuronal apoptosis. The knockout of MFG-E8 in SCs can reverse the anti-inflammatory effects of SCDEs treatment. The SOCS3/STAT3 signaling pathway was identified to participate in upregulating M2 polarization induced by MFG-E8. In conclusion, our findings will enrich the mechanism of SCDEs in repairing SCI and provide potential applications and new insights for the clinical translation of SCDEs treatment for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangjin Gu
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wencan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junjin Li
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhijian Wei
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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9
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Ruotsalainen SE, Surakka I, Mars N, Karjalainen J, Kurki M, Kanai M, Krebs K, Graham S, Mishra PP, Mishra BH, Sinisalo J, Palta P, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Milani L, Okada Y, Palotie A, Widen E, Daly MJ, Ripatti S. Inframe insertion and splice site variants in MFGE8 associate with protection against coronary atherosclerosis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:802. [PMID: 35978133 PMCID: PMC9385630 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of premature death and disability worldwide, with both genetic and environmental determinants. While genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genetic loci associated with cardiovascular diseases, exact genes driving these associations remain mostly uncovered. Due to Finland’s population history, many deleterious and high-impact variants are enriched in the Finnish population giving a possibility to find genetic associations for protein-truncating variants that likely tie the association to a gene and that would not be detected elsewhere. In a large Finnish biobank study FinnGen, we identified an association between an inframe insertion rs534125149 in MFGE8 (encoding lactadherin) and protection against coronary atherosclerosis. This variant is highly enriched in Finland, and the protective association was replicated in meta-analysis of BioBank Japan and Estonian biobank. Additionally, we identified a protective association between splice acceptor variant rs201988637 in MFGE8 and coronary atherosclerosis, independent of the rs534125149, with no significant risk-increasing associations. This variant was also associated with lower pulse pressure, pointing towards a function of MFGE8 in arterial aging also in humans in addition to previous evidence in mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that inhibiting the production of lactadherin could lower the risk for coronary heart disease substantially. A genome-wide association study identifies MFGE8 as protective against coronary atherosclerosis in European and East Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nina Mars
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mitja Kurki
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Masfsachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kristi Krebs
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sarah Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Binisha H Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Priit Palta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark J Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Masfsachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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10
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Schrader JM, Stanisavljevic A, Xu F, Van Nostrand WE. Distinct Brain Proteomic Signatures in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Rat Models of Hypertension and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:731-745. [PMID: 35856898 PMCID: PMC9803909 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) are prominent contributors to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia and can arise from a range of etiologies. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and hypertension (HTN), both prevalent in the elderly population, lead to cerebral microhemorrhages, macrohemorrhages, and white matter damage. However, their respective underlying mechanisms and molecular events are poorly understood. Here, we show that the transgenic rat model of CAA type 1 (rTg-DI) exhibits perivascular inflammation that is lacking in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHR-SP) rat model of HTN. Alternatively, SHR-SP rats display notable dilation of arteriolar perivascular spaces. Comparative proteomics analysis revealed few shared altered proteins, with key proteins such as ANXA3, H2A, and HTRA1 unique to rTg-DI rats, and Nt5e, Flot-1 and Flot-2 unique to SHR-SP rats. Immunolabeling confirmed that upregulation of ANXA3, HTRA1, and neutrophil extracellular trap proteins were distinctly associated with rTg-DI rats. Pathway analysis predicted activation of TGF-β1 and TNFα in rTg-DI rat brain, while insulin signaling was reduced in the SHR-SP rat brain. Thus, we report divergent protein signatures associated with distinct cerebral vessel pathologies in the SHR-SP and rTg-DI rat models and provide new mechanistic insight into these different forms of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Schrader
- From the George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Aleksandra Stanisavljevic
- From the George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- From the George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Send correspondence to: William E. Van Nostrand, PhD, George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; E-mail:
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11
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Liu XL, Ouyang FB, Hu LT, Sun P, Yang J, Sun YJ, Liao MS, Lan LF, Pei Z, Fan YH. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Cognitive Impairment and Reduce Aβ Deposition via Promoting AQP4 Polarity and Relieving Neuroinflammation in Rats With Chronic Hypertension-Induced Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:883503. [PMID: 35663575 PMCID: PMC9160459 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.883503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) is the main cause of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), and the accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) may be significantly involved in CSVD-induced VCI. The imbalance between Aβ production and clearance is believed to be an important pathological mechanism of Aβ deposition in Alzheimer disease. In this study, we aimed to disclose the roles of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and neuroinflammation in CSVD, which were the key factors for Aβ clearance and production, respectively, and the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on Aβ deposition and these two factors. The stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive (RHRSP) rats were grouped and received MSC and MSC + AS1517499 (an inhibitor of pSTAT6). The latter was used to explore the underlying mechanism. The cognitive function, white matter lesions, Aβ expression, expression, and polarity of AQP4, neuroinflammation and the STAT6 pathway were investigated. Compared with sham-operated rats, RHRSP rats showed spatial cognitive impairment, white matter lesions and Aβ deposition. Moreover, AQP4 polarity disorder and neuroinflammatory activation were found, which were linked to Aβ deposition. Treatment with MSCs markedly improved cognitive tasks and reduced Aβ deposition but failed to reduce white-matter lesions. Furthermore, MSCs not only promoted AQP4 polarity but also alleviated neuroinflammation probably through the STAT6 pathway. The present study demonstrated that Aβ deposition, AQP4 polarity disorder and neuroinflammation might be involved in CSVD and the regulatory effects of MSCs on them suggested potential therapeutic value for CSVD.
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12
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Protective Effect of MFG-E8 on Necroptosis-Induced Intestinal Inflammation and Enteroendocrine Cell Function in Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030604. [PMID: 35276962 PMCID: PMC8839169 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is one of the characteristics of metabolic disorders induced by diabetes mellitus. The present study explores the underlying mechanism of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) on necroptosis-induced intestinal inflammation and intestinal epithelial endocrine cell dysfunction in diabetes. Compared with the normal control group, pathological changes such as blunt and shortened villus and denuded villus tips were observed in ileum tissue of streptozotocin (STZ) induced senescence-resistant 1 (SAMR1) and senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) diabetic mice under light microscope. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) displayed significantly decreased protein expression of MFG-E8 in SAMR1 and SAMP8 diabetic mice, accompanied by an increased expression of phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (p-MLKL) and HMGB1. In addition, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) significantly increased the pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and HMGB1 by activating the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)/MLKL signaling pathway in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells. D-pinitol pretreatment markedly attenuated the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and increased the expression of MFG-E8. MFG-E8 small interfering RNA (siRNA) promoted, while MFG-E8 overexpression inhibited, the activation of receptor-interacting proteins (RIPs) pathway and pro-inflammatory factors. Our study demonstrated that downregulation of MFG-E8 is an important phenomenon in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related intestinal inflammatory damage. MFG-E8 overexpression and D-pinitol intervention could protect against necroptosis-induced intestinal inflammation and maintain the function of enteroendocrine STC-1 cells in diabetes.
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13
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Brown GC. Neuronal Loss after Stroke Due to Microglial Phagocytosis of Stressed Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13442. [PMID: 34948237 PMCID: PMC8707068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
After stroke, there is a rapid necrosis of all cells in the infarct, followed by a delayed loss of neurons both in brain areas surrounding the infarct, known as 'selective neuronal loss', and in brain areas remote from, but connected to, the infarct, known as 'secondary neurodegeneration'. Here we review evidence indicating that this delayed loss of neurons after stroke is mediated by the microglial phagocytosis of stressed neurons. After a stroke, neurons are stressed by ongoing ischemia, excitotoxicity and/or inflammation and are known to: (i) release "find-me" signals such as ATP, (ii) expose "eat-me" signals such as phosphatidylserine, and (iii) bind to opsonins, such as complement components C1q and C3b, inducing microglia to phagocytose such neurons. Blocking these factors on neurons, or their phagocytic receptors on microglia, can prevent delayed neuronal loss and behavioral deficits in rodent models of ischemic stroke. Phagocytic receptors on microglia may be attractive treatment targets to prevent delayed neuronal loss after stroke due to the microglial phagocytosis of stressed neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
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14
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An GH, Lee J, Jin X, Chung J, Kim JC, Park JH, Kim M, Han C, Kim JH, Woo DH. Truncated Milk Fat Globule-EGF-like Factor 8 Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis via Inhibition of Integrin-TGFβ Receptor Interaction. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111529. [PMID: 34829758 PMCID: PMC8615163 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) protein is known as an immunomodulator in various diseases, and we previously demonstrated the anti-fibrotic role of MFG-E8 in liver disease. Here, we present a truncated form of MFG-E8 that provides an advanced therapeutic benefit in treating liver fibrosis. The enhanced therapeutic potential of the modified MFG-E8 was demonstrated in various liver fibrosis animal models, and the efficacy was further confirmed in human hepatic stellate cells and a liver spheroid model. In the subsequent analysis, we found that the modified MFG-E8 more efficiently suppressed transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling than the original form of MFG-E8, and it deactivated the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells in the liver disease environment through interfering with the interactions between integrins (αvβ3 & αvβ5) and TGF-βRI. Furthermore, the protein preferentially delivered in the liver after administration, and the safety profiles of the protein were demonstrated in male and female rat models. Therefore, in conclusion, this modified MFG-E8 provides a promising new therapeutic strategy for treating fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Ho An
- Department of New Drug Development, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 8th Floor, 55 Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07802, Korea; (G.H.A.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.P.); (M.K.); (C.H.)
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Science Campus, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jaehun Lee
- Department of New Drug Development, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 8th Floor, 55 Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07802, Korea; (G.H.A.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.P.); (M.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Xiong Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jin Ming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Jinwoo Chung
- Department of New Drug Development, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 8th Floor, 55 Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07802, Korea; (G.H.A.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.P.); (M.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Joon-Chul Kim
- Department of New Drug Development, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 8th Floor, 55 Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07802, Korea; (G.H.A.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.P.); (M.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Jung-Hyuck Park
- Department of New Drug Development, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 8th Floor, 55 Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07802, Korea; (G.H.A.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.P.); (M.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of New Drug Development, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 8th Floor, 55 Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07802, Korea; (G.H.A.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.P.); (M.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Choongseong Han
- Department of New Drug Development, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 8th Floor, 55 Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07802, Korea; (G.H.A.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.P.); (M.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Science Campus, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (D.-H.W.)
| | - Dong-Hun Woo
- Department of New Drug Development, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 8th Floor, 55 Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07802, Korea; (G.H.A.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.P.); (M.K.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (D.-H.W.)
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15
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Marazuela P, Solé M, Bonaterra-Pastra A, Pizarro J, Camacho J, Martínez-Sáez E, Kuiperij HB, Verbeek MM, de Kort AM, Schreuder FHBM, Klijn CJM, Castillo-Ribelles L, Pancorbo O, Rodríguez-Luna D, Pujadas F, Delgado P, Hernández-Guillamon M. MFG-E8 (LACTADHERIN): a novel marker associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:154. [PMID: 34530925 PMCID: PMC8444498 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) is a crucial feature in Alzheimer´s disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), although the pathophysiological relationship between these diseases remains unclear. Numerous proteins are associated with Aβ deposited in parenchymal plaques and/or cerebral vessels. We hypothesized that the study of these proteins would increase our understanding of the overlap and biological differences between these two pathologies and may yield new diagnostic tools and specific therapeutic targets. We used a laser capture microdissection approach combined with mass spectrometry in the APP23 transgenic mouse model of cerebral-β-amyloidosis to specifically identify vascular Aβ-associated proteins. We focused on one of the main proteins detected in the Aβ-affected cerebrovasculature: MFG-E8 (milk fat globule-EGF factor 8), also known as lactadherin. We first validated the presence of MFG-E8 in mouse and human brains. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting studies revealed that MFG-E8 brain levels were higher in APP23 mice than in WT mice. Furthermore, MFG-E8 was strongly detected in Aβ-positive vessels in human postmortem CAA brains, whereas MFG-E8 was not present in parenchymal Aβ deposits. Levels of MFG-E8 were additionally analysed in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients diagnosed with CAA, patients with AD and control subjects. Whereas no differences were found in MFG-E8 serum levels between groups, MFG-E8 concentration was significantly lower in the CSF of CAA patients compared to controls and AD patients. Finally, in human vascular smooth muscle cells MFG-E8 was protective against the toxic effects of the treatment with the Aβ40 peptide containing the Dutch mutation. In summary, our study shows that MFG-E8 is highly associated with CAA pathology and highlights MFG-E8 as a new CSF biomarker that could potentially be used to differentiate cerebrovascular Aβ pathology from parenchymal Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Marazuela
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d´Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Solé
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d´Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bonaterra-Pastra
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d´Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Pizarro
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d´Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Camacho
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Sáez
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M de Kort
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris H B M Schreuder
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J M Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Castillo-Ribelles
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olalla Pancorbo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-Luna
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Pujadas
- Neurology Department, Dementia Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d´Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Hernández-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d´Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Ren Y, Cui Q, Zhang J, Liu W, Xu M, Lv Y, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Wu R. Milk Fat Globule-EGF Factor 8 Alleviates Pancreatic Fibrosis by Inhibiting ER Stress-Induced Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707259. [PMID: 34421598 PMCID: PMC8375434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis is an important pathophysiological feature of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Our recent study has shown that milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is beneficial in acute pancreatitis. However, its role in CP remained unknown. To study this, CP was induced in male adult Mfge8-knockout (Mfge8-KO) mice and wild type (WT) mice by six intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg/body weight) twice a week for 10 weeks. The results showed that knockout of mfge8 gene aggravated pancreatic fibrosis after repeated cerulein injection. In WT mice, pancreatic levels of MFG-E8 were reduced after induction of CP and administration of recombinant MFG-E8 alleviated cerulein-induced pancreatic fibrosis. The protective effect of MFG-E8 in CP was associated with reduced autophagy and oxidative stress. In human pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), MFG-E8 inhibited TGF-β1-induced ER stress and autophagy. MFG-E8 downregulated the expression of lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A), a key factor in ER stress-induced chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). QX77, an activator of CMA, eliminated the effects of MFG-E8 on TGF-β1-induced PSC activation. In conclusion, MFG-E8 appears to mitigate pancreatic fibrosis via inhibiting ER stress-induced chaperone-mediated autophagy. Recombinant MFG-E8 may be developed as a novel treatment for pancreatic fibrosis in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wuming Liu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Quitadamo PA, Comegna L, Cristalli P. Anti-Infective, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Breast Milk Factors for the Protection of Infants in the Pandemic From COVID-19. Front Public Health 2021; 8:589736. [PMID: 33738273 PMCID: PMC7960784 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.589736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic since the end of 2019 spreads worldwide, counting millions of victims. The viral invasion, systemic inflammation, and consequent organ failure are the gravest features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and they are associated with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of breast milk in the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects due to its bioactive components, so numerous and important for the protection of infants. The study tried to demonstrate that all the components of human milk are capable of performing functions on all the pathogenic events recognized and described in COVID-19 disease. Those human milk factors are well-tolerated and practically free of side effects, so breast milk should become a research topic to discover therapies even in this epidemic. In the first part, the mechanisms of protection and defense of the breast milk elements will be delineated; in the second section, it will describe the human milk effects in viral infections and it will be hypothesized how the known mechanisms could act in COVID infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqua Anna Quitadamo
- NICU “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Foundation, Scientific Research and Care Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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18
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Ni YQ, Zhan JK, Liu YS. Roles and mechanisms of MFG-E8 in vascular aging-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101176. [PMID: 32971257 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aging of the vasculature plays a crucial role in the pathological progression of various vascular aging-related diseases. As endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential parts in the inner and medial layers of vessel wall, respectively, the structural and functional alterations of ECs and VSMCs are the major causes of vascular aging. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a multifunctional glycoprotein which exerts a regulatory role in the intercellular interactions involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that MFG-E8 is a novel and outstanding modulator for vascular aging via targeting at ECs and VSMCs. In this review, we will summarise the cumulative roles and mechanisms of MFG-E8 in vascular aging and vascular aging-related diseases with special emphasis on the functions of ECs and VSMCs. In addition, we also aim to focus on the promising diagnostic function as a biomarker and the potential therapeutic application of MFG-E8 in vascular aging and the clinical evaluation of vascular aging-related diseases.
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MFG-E8 attenuates inflammation in subarachnoid hemorrhage by driving microglial M2 polarization. Exp Neurol 2020; 336:113532. [PMID: 33245889 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that microglial polarization plays an important role in the pathological processes of neuroinflammation following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous studies indicated that milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-8 (MFG-E8) has potential anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in cerebral ischemia. However, the effects of MFG-E8 on microglial polarization have not been evaluated after SAH. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of MFG-E8 in anti-inflammation, and its effects on microglial polarization following SAH. We established the SAH model via prechiasmatic cistern blood injection in mice. Double-immunofluorescence staining, western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were performed to investigate the expression and cellular distribution of MFG-E8. Two different dosages (1 and 5 μg) of recombinant human MFG-E8 (rhMFG-E8) were injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at 1 h after SAH. Brain water content, neurological scores, beam-walking score, Fluoro-Jade C (FJC), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick endlabeling staining (TUNEL) were measured at 24 h. Suppression of MFG-E8, integrin β3 and phosphorylation of STAT3 were achieved by specific siRNAs (500 pmol/5 μl) and the STAT3 inhibitor Stattic (5 μM). The potential signaling pathways and microglial polarization were measured by immunofluorescence labeling and western blotting. SAH induction increased the levels of inflammatory mediators and the proportion of M1 cells, and caused neuronal apoptosis in mice at 24 h. Treatment with rhMFG-E8 (5 μg) remarkably decreased brain edema, improved neurological functions, reduced the levels of proinflammatory factors, and promoted the microglial to shift to M2 phenotype. However, knockdown of MFG-E8 and integrin β3 via siRNA abolished the effects of MFG-E8 on anti-inflammation and M2 phenotype polarization. The STAT3 inhibitor Stattic further clarified the role of rhMFG-E8 in microglial polarization by regulating the protein levels of the integrin β3/SOCS3/STAT3 pathway. rhMFG-E8 inhibits neuronal inflammation by transformation the microglial phenotype toward M2 and its direct protective effect on neurons after SAH, which may be mediated by modulation of the integrin β3/SOCS3/STAT3 signaling pathway, highlighting rhMFG-E8 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of SAH patients.
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Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T, Lambris JD. Current understanding of periodontal disease pathogenesis and targets for host-modulation therapy. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:14-34. [PMID: 32844416 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances indicate that periodontitis is driven by reciprocally reinforced interactions between a dysbiotic microbiome and dysregulated inflammation. Inflammation is not only a consequence of dysbiosis but, via mediating tissue dysfunction and damage, fuels further growth of selectively dysbiotic communities of bacteria (inflammophiles), thereby generating a self-sustained feed-forward loop that perpetuates the disease. These considerations provide a strong rationale for developing adjunctive host-modulation therapies for the treatment of periodontitis. Such host-modulation approaches aim to inhibit harmful inflammation and promote its resolution or to interfere directly with downstream effectors of connective tissue and bone destruction. This paper reviews diverse strategies targeted to modulate the host periodontal response and discusses their mechanisms of action, perceived safety, and potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Gong Z, Wang C, Ni L, Ying L, Shu J, Wang J, Yu C, Xia K, Cheng F, Shi K, Xu G, Yu Q, Shen J, Chen Q, Li F, Liang C. An injectable recombinant human milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8-loaded copolymer system for spinal cord injury reduces inflammation through NF-κB and neuronal cell death. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:193-203. [PMID: 32173261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common disease and a major cause of paralysis, carrying much burden around the world. Despite the progress made with growth factors therapy, the response rate of acute SCI treatment still remains unsatisfactory, due largely to complex and severe inflammatory reactions. Herein, we prepare a MFG-E8-loaded copolymer system-based anti-inflammation therapy for SCI treatment. It is shown that the MFG-E8-loaded copolymer system can decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and neuron death. In a rat model of crush-caused SCI, the copolymer system shows significant therapeutic efficacy by ameliorating inflammation, decreasing fibrotic scar, promoting myelin regeneration and suppressing overall SCI severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Licheng Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qunfei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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22
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Choi JI, Kang HY, Han C, Woo DH, Kim JH, Park DH. Milk Fat Globule-Epidermal Growth Factor VIII Ameliorates Brain Injury in the Subacute Phase of Cerebral Ischemia in an Animal Model. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2020; 63:163-170. [PMID: 32120456 PMCID: PMC7054108 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2019.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor VIII (MFG-E8) may play a key role in inflammatory responses and has the potential to function as a neuroprotective agent for ameliorating brain injury in cerebral infarction. This study aimed to determine the role of MFG-E8 in brain injury in the subacute phase of cerebral ischemia in a rat model.
Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by occluding the middle cerebral artery with the modified intraluminal filament technique. Twenty-four hours after ischemia induction, rats were randomly assigned to two groups and treated with either recombinant human MFG-E8 or saline. Functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), and infarct volumes were evaluated using histology. Anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis were assessed using immunohistochemistry with antibodies against ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1), and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/doublecortin (DCX), respectively.
Results Our results showed that intravenous MFG-E8 treatment did not reduce the infarct volume; however, the mNSS test revealed that neurobehavioral deficits were significantly improved in the MFG-E8-treated group than in the vehicle group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a significantly lower number of Iba-1-positive cells and higher number of RECA-1 in the peri-infarcted brain region, and significantly higher numbers of BrdU- and DCX-positive cells in the subventricular zone in the MFG-E8-treated group than in the vehicle group.
Conclusion Our findings suggest that MFG-E8 improves neurological function by suppressing inflammation and enhancing angiogenesis and neuronal proliferation in the subacute phase of cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Center of Innovative Cell Therapy and Research, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Fang YY, Zhang JH. MFG-E8 alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal cell apoptosis by STAT3 regulating the selective polarization of microglia. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:15-24. [PMID: 32098538 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1732971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is a complex pathological process, involving inflammatory reaction, energy metabolism disorder, free radical injury, cell apoptosis and other aspects. Accumulating evidences have revealed that MFG-E8 had a protective effect on multiple organ injuries. However, the comprehensive function and mechanism of MFG-E8 in ischemic brain remain largely unclear.Methods: BV-2 cells were treated with recombinant murine MFG-E8 (rmMFG-E8) or/and Colivelin TFA after exposing for 4 h with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and Flow cytometry. RT-qPCR and Western blot assays were applied to examine the expression levels of MFG-E8, apoptosis-related proteins and M1/M2 polarization markers.Results: Our results demonstrated that OGD significantly inhibited microglial viability and facilitated apoptosis. In addition, we found that OGD downregulated MFG-E8 expression, and MFG-E8 inhibited OGD-induced microglial apoptosis and promoted microglial M2 polarization. In terms of mechanism, we proved that MFG-E8 regulated OGD-induced microglial M1/M2 polarization by inhibiting p-STAT3 and SOCS3 expressions, which was reversed by STAT3 activator (Colivelin TFA). Finally, we verified MFG-E8 alleviated OGD-induced neuronal cell apoptosis by M2 polarization of BV-2 cells.Conclusions: We demonstrated that MFG-E8 reduced neuronal cell apoptosis by enhancing activation of microglia via STAT3 signaling. Therefore, we suggested that MFG-E8 might provide a novel mechanism for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Fang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China.,Guangdong Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
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24
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Wang J, Zuo Y, Zhuang K, Luo K, Yan X, Li J, Zhang JH, Liu F. Recombinant Human Milk Fat Globule-Epidermal Growth Factor 8 Attenuates Microthrombosis after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 29:104536. [PMID: 31883781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microthrombosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage has an adverse effect on prognosis. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 promotes phagocytosis of phagocytic cells and may reduce microthrombosis. This study investigated the effects of recombinant human milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 on microthrombosis and neurological function after subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS Rats subarachnoid hemorrhage model was induced by intravascular puncture method. Western blot was performed to measure the expression of endogenous milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Microthrombosis was quantified by microthrombi count using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The neuroprotective effect of recombinant human milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 administration was evaluated by modified Garcia score, beam balance, Rotarod test, and Morris water maze. RESULTS Endogenous milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 protein level increased after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Microthrombosis was significantly increased in subarachnoid hemorrhage rats brain, while recombinant human milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 dramatically reduced microthrombosis as well as improve short- and long- term neurobehavior after subarachnoid hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant human milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 reduces microthrombosis and improves neurological function after subarachnoid hemorrhage, which may be an effective strategy for treating subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuchun Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Chen Z, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Li W, Venkat P, Wang F, Landschoot-Ward J, Chen J. Brain-Derived Microparticles (BDMPs) Contribute to Neuroinflammation and Lactadherin Reduces BDMP Induced Neuroinflammation and Improves Outcome After Stroke. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2747. [PMID: 31993045 PMCID: PMC6968774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs, ~size between 0.1 and 1 mm) are lipid encased containers derived from intact cells which contain antigen from the parent cells. MPs are involved in intercellular communication and regulate inflammation. Stroke increases secretion of brain derived MP (BDMP) which activate macrophages/microglia and induce neuroinflammation. Lactadherin (Milk fat globule–EGF factor-8) binds to anionic phospholipids and extracellular matrices, promotes apoptotic cell clearance and limits pathogenic antigen cross presentation. In this study, we investigate whether BDMP affects stroke-induced neuroinflammation and whether Lactadherin treatment reduces stroke initiated BDMP-induced neuroinflammation, thereby improving functional outcome after stroke. Middle aged (8–9 months old) male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAo) stroke, and BDMPs were extracted from ischemic brain 24 h after dMCAo by ultracentrifugation. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to dMCAo and treated via tail vein injection at 3 h after stroke with: (A) +PBS (n = 5/group); (B) +BDMPs (1.5 × 108, n = 6/group); (C) +Lactadherin (400 μg/kg, n = 5/group); (D) +BDMP+Lactadherin (n = 6/group). A battery of neurological function tests were performed and mice sacrificed for immunostaining at 14 days after stroke. Blood plasma was used for Western blot assay. Our data indicate: (1) treatment of Stroke with BDMP significantly increases lesion volume, neurological deficits, blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage, microglial activation, inflammatory cell infiltration (CD45, microglia/macrophages, and neutrophils) into brain, inflammatory factor (TNFα, IL6, and IL1β) expression in brain, increases axon/white matter (WM) damage identified by decreased axon and myelin density, and increases inflammatory factor expression in the plasma when compared to PBS treated stroke mice; (2) when compared to PBS and BDMP treated stroke mice, Lactadherin and BDMP+Lactadherin treatment significantly improves neurological outcome, and decreases lesion volume, BBB leakage, axon/WM injury, inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory factor expression in the ischemic brain, respectively. Lactadherin treatment significantly increases anti-inflammatory factor (IL10) expression in ischemic brain and decreases IL1β expression in plasma compared to PBS and BDMP treated stroke mice, respectively. BDMP increases neuroinflammation and aggravates ischemic brain damage after stroke. Thus, Lactadherin exerts anti-inflammatory effects and improves the clearance of MPs to reduce stroke and BDMP induced neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Fenjie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
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Chaung WW, Brenner M, Yen HT, Ochani ML, Jacob A, Wang P. Recombinant human milk fat globule-EGF factor VIII (rhMFG-E8) as a therapy for sepsis after acute exposure to alcohol. Mol Med 2019; 25:52. [PMID: 31747882 PMCID: PMC6868720 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol intake predisposes to infections and sepsis. Alcohol and sepsis inhibit the expression of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-factor VIII (MFG-E8), a glycoprotein essential for optimal efferocytosis, resulting in the release of proinflammatory molecules and increased sepsis severity. We previously reported that recombinant mouse (rm) MFG-E8 attenuates sepsis-induced organ injury in rats with acute alcohol intoxication. In order to develop a therapy that can be safely used in humans, we have produced recombinant human (rh) MFG-E8 and evaluated its efficacy to ameliorate sepsis after acute exposure to alcohol. METHODS We induced acute alcohol intoxication with a bolus injection of alcohol (1.75 g/kg BW) followed by an intravenous infusion of 300 mg/kg/h alcohol for 10 h. Sepsis was then induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At -10, 0, and 10 h relative to CLP, rats received MFG-E8 or vehicle (albumin) intravenously. Animals were euthanized at 20 h after CLP for blood and tissue collection. Additional groups of animals were used for a survival study. RESULTS Compared to vehicle, rhMFG-E8 treatment ameliorated blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines (% improvement: TNF-α 49.8%, IL-6 34.7%) and endotoxin (61.7%), as well as of transaminases (AST 36.2%, ALT 40.1%) and lactate (18.4%). Rats treated with rhMFG-E8 also had a significant histological attenuation of the acute lung injury, as well as a reduction in the number of apoptotic cells in the thymus (43.4%) and cleaved caspase 3 (38.7%) in the spleen. In addition, rhMFG-E8 improved the 10-day sepsis survival rate from 45 to 80% CONCLUSION: rhMFG-E8 significantly ameliorated sepsis in rats with acute alcohol exposure, demonstrating rhMFG-E8's potential to be developed as an effective therapy for sepsis in alcohol abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Brenner
- TheraSource LLC, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Hao-Ting Yen
- TheraSource LLC, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Mahendar L. Ochani
- TheraSource LLC, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Asha Jacob
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
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27
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Chikazawa M, Shimizu M, Yamauchi Y, Sato R. Bridging molecules are secreted from the skeletal muscle and potentially regulate muscle differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:113-120. [PMID: 31753488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Muscle myogenesis is an essential step for muscle development and recovery. During muscle fusion, multiple molecules are thought to be necessary for the formation of normal myotubes. Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) and Gas6 are phosphatidylserine-recognizing bridging molecules that are secreted mainly from immune cells. In this study, we confirmed that these molecules are expressed and secreted from C2C12 cells. Mouse muscle and satellite cells also expressed these molecules. MFG-E8 was highly expressed and secreted in both undifferentiated and differentiated C2C12 cells. We observed that MFG-E8 and Gas6 were bound to the surface of differentiated C2C12 cells more compared with undifferentiated cells. Additionally, the treatment of recombinant MFG-E8 upregulated expression of myogenic genes and suppressed apoptosis during myogenesis in C2C12 cells. In this paper, we discuss the presence of novel functional molecules expressed and secreted in the skeletal muscle. The results of this study suggest that bridging molecules are one of the determinants of myogenesis or other muscle responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Chikazawa
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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28
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Zhu T, Zhao Y, Hu H, Zheng Q, Luo X, Ling Y, Ying Y, Shen Z, Jiang P, Shu Q. TRPM2 channel regulates cytokines production in astrocytes and aggravates brain disorder during lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105836. [PMID: 31450153 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the most significant challenges in intensive care units, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a severe complication which can cause death and serious disabilities. Calcium signaling in astrocyte is essential for cellular activation and the potential resolution of infection or inflammation in SAE patients. The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel has been identified as a unique fusion of a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, which plays an important role in inflammation and immune response. Because of its role as an oxidative stress sensor in astrocytes, we investigated the function of TRPM2 in inflammation mediators (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) release, Bcl-2/E1B-19 K-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and Endonuclease G (Endo G) expression. We showed that TRPM2-KO mice, when intraperitoneally (i.p) injected with LPS, exhibited better neurologic assessment scores and decreased inflammatory injury in hippocampal neurons compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The absence of TRPM2 triggered less production of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and decreased apoptosis related proteins (BNIP3, AIF, Endo G) expressions in response to LPS induced sepsis. Furthermore, TRPM2-deficient astrocytes (transfected with TRPM2 siRNA) upon LPS stimulation also induced decreased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α level. Our data suggested that decreased production of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis related proteins with TRPM2 deletion could regulate inflammatory stress and decrease inflammatory injury in hippocampal neurons, and consequently, ameliorate brain disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yisha Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pediatrics, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pediatrics, Lishui Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Peditrica, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Luo
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinjie Ling
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Peditrica, first people's hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingchao Ying
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peifang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Cheyuo C, Aziz M, Wang P. Neurogenesis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of MFG-E8. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:569. [PMID: 31213977 PMCID: PMC6558065 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating medical conditions with no effective treatments. Restoration of impaired neurogenesis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor VIII (MFG-E8) is a secretory glycoprotein that plays a wide range of cellular functions including phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, anti-inflammation, tissue regeneration, and homeostasis. The beneficial role of MFG-E8 has been shown in cerebral ischemia (stroke), neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, and traumatic brain injury. In stroke, MFG-E8 promotes neural stem cell proliferation and their migration toward the ischemic brain tissues. These novel functions of MFG-E8 are primarily mediated through its receptor αvβ3-integrin. Here, we focus on the pivotal role of MFG-E8 in protecting against neuronal diseases by promoting neurogenesis. We also discuss the mechanisms of MFG-E8-mediated neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation and migration, and the potential of MFG-E8 for neural stem cell niche maintenance via angiogenesis. We propose further investigation of the molecular pathways for MFG-E8 signaling in NSPC and effective strategies for MFG-E8 delivery across the blood–brain barrier, which will help develop MFG-E8 as a future drug candidate for the bedside management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cletus Cheyuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
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30
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Weise SC, Villarreal A, Heidrich S, Dehghanian F, Schachtrup C, Nestel S, Schwarz J, Thedieck K, Vogel T. TGFβ-Signaling and FOXG1-Expression Are a Hallmark of Astrocyte Lineage Diversity in the Murine Ventral and Dorsal Forebrain. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:448. [PMID: 30555301 PMCID: PMC6282056 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous astrocyte populations are defined by diversity in cellular environment, progenitor identity or function. Yet, little is known about the extent of the heterogeneity and how this diversity is acquired during development. To investigate the impact of TGF (transforming growth factor) β-signaling on astrocyte development in the telencephalon we deleted the TGFBR2 (transforming growth factor beta receptor 2) in early neural progenitor cells in mice using a FOXG1 (forkhead box G1)-driven CRE-recombinase. We used quantitative proteomics to characterize TGFBR2-deficient cells derived from the mouse telencephalon and identified differential protein expression of the astrocyte proteins GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and MFGE8 (milk fat globule-EGF factor 8). Biochemical and histological investigations revealed distinct populations of astrocytes in the dorsal and ventral telencephalon marked by GFAP or MFGE8 protein expression. The two subtypes differed in their response to TGFβ-signaling. Impaired TGFβ-signaling affected numbers of GFAP astrocytes in the ventral telencephalon. In contrast, TGFβ reduced MFGE8-expression in astrocytes deriving from both regions. Additionally, lineage tracing revealed that both GFAP and MFGE8 astrocyte subtypes derived partly from FOXG1-expressing neural precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Christopher Weise
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Villarreal
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heidrich
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fariba Dehghanian
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Nestel
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Section of Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Department of Pediatrics and University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vogel
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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31
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Gao YY, Zhang ZH, Zhuang Z, Lu Y, Wu LY, Ye ZN, Zhang XS, Chen CL, Li W, Hang CH. Recombinant milk fat globule-EGF factor-8 reduces apoptosis via integrin β3/FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rats after traumatic brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:845. [PMID: 30154436 PMCID: PMC6113274 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests neuronal apoptosis has the potential to lead to more harmful effects in the pathological processes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have established that milk fat globule-EGF factor-8 (MFG-E8) provides neuroprotection through modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and especially apoptosis in cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative disease. However, the effects of MFG-E8 on neuronal apoptosis in TBI have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we explored the role of MFG-E8 on anti-apoptosis and its potential mechanism following TBI. In the first set of experiments, adult male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into Sham and TBI groups that were each further divided into five groups representing different time points (6 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days) (n = 9 each). Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to identify the expression and cellular localization of MFG-E8. In the second set of experiments, four groups were randomly assigned: Sham group, TBI + Vehicle group, and TBI + rhMFG-E8 (1 and 3 µg) (n = 15). Recombinant human MFGE8 (rhMFG-E8) was administrated as two concentrations through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection at 1 h after TBI induction. Brain water content, neurological severity score, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were measured at 24 and 72 h following TBI. In the final set of experiments, MFG-E8 siRNA (500 pmol/3 µl), integrin β3 siRNA (500 pmol/3 µl), and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (5 and 20 µM) were injected i.c.v. and thereafter rats exposed to TBI. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, brain water content, neurological severity score, and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining were used to investigate the effect of the integrin-β3/FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway on MFG-E8-mediated anti-apoptosis after TBI. The expression of MFG-E8 was mainly located in microglial cells and increased to peak at 24 h after TBI. Treatment with rhMFG-E8 (3 µg) markedly decreased brain water content, improved neurological deficits, and reduced neuronal apoptosis at 24 and 72 h after TBI. rhMFG-E8 significantly enhanced the expression of integrin-β3/FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway-related components. Administration of integrin-β3 siRNA and LY294002 (5 and 20 µM) abolished the effect of rhMFG-E8 on anti-apoptosis and neuroprotection after TBI. This study demonstrated for the first time that rhMFG-E8 inhibits neuronal apoptosis and offers neuroprotection. This is suggested to occur through the modulation of the integrin-β3/FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, highlighting rhMFG-E8 as a potentially promising therapeutic strategy for TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yue Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zi-Huan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhen-Nan Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chun-Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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32
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von Haefen C, Sifringer M, Endesfelder S, Kalb A, González-López A, Tegethoff A, Paeschke N, Spies CD. Physostigmine Restores Impaired Autophagy in the Rat Hippocampus after Surgery Stress and LPS Treatment. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 13:383-395. [PMID: 29790105 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage and pathogen invasion during surgical trauma have been identified as contributing factors leading to neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, which can be protected by stimulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway using the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine. Macroautophagy, an intracellular degradation pathway used to recycle and eliminate damaged proteins and organelles by lysosomal digestion, seems to be important for cell survival under stress conditions. This study aimed to examine the role of autophagy in physostigmine-mediated hippocampal cell protection in a rat model of surgery stress. In the presence or absence of physostigmine, adult Wistar rats underwent surgery in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Activated microglia, apoptosis-, autophagy-, and anti-inflammatory-related genes and -proteins in the hippocampus were determined by Real-Time PCR, Western blot and fluorescence microscopy after 1 h, 24 h and 3 d. Surgery combined with LPS-treatment led to microglia activation after 1 h and 24 h which was accompanied by apoptotic cell death after 24 h in the hippocampus. Furthermore, it led to a decreased expression of ATG-3 after 24 h and an increased expression of p62/ SQSTM1 after 1 h and 24 h. Administration of physostigmine significantly increased autophagy related markers and restored the autophagic flux after surgery stress, detected by increased degradation of p62/ SQSTM1 in the hippocampus after 1 h and 24 h. Furthermore, physostigmine reduced activated microglia and apoptosis relevant proteins and elevated the increased expression of TGF-beta1 and MFG-E8 after surgery stress. In conclusion, activation of autophagy may be essential in physostigmine-induced neuroprotection against surgery stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa von Haefen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marco Sifringer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Endesfelder
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Kalb
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrián González-López
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annalena Tegethoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Paeschke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia D Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Xiao Y, Li G, Chen Y, Zuo Y, Rashid K, He T, Feng H, Zhang JH, Liu F. Milk Fat Globule-Epidermal Growth Factor-8 Pretreatment Attenuates Apoptosis and Inflammation via the Integrin-β3 Pathway after Surgical Brain Injury in Rats. Front Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29535679 PMCID: PMC5834760 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic brain injury inevitably occurs in neurosurgical operations, leading to brain edema, ischemia, intracranial hematoma, and other postoperative complications, eventually worsening neurological outcomes of patients. If apoptotic cells are not rapidly eliminated by phagocytic engulfment, they may communicate with surrounding cells to undergo secondary necrosis and releasing toxic signals. Recent studies have shown that milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-8 (MFGE8), which promotes phagocytosis and inhibits inflammation, is an endogenous protective factor in response to brain infarction, Alzheimer’s disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and prion disease. In the present study, we sought to investigate the different effects of both pretreated and posttreated recombinant milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-8 (rhMFGE8) for the surgical brain injury (SBI) rat model and potential involvement of its receptor integrin β3 for apoptosis and neuroinflammation after SBI. One hundred and sixty-seven male rats were employed in the preset study. Experiment 1 was performed to evaluate neurological scores and MFGE8, cleaved caspase-3 (CC3), and interleukine-1 beta (IL-1β) levels at 3, 24, and 120 h after SBI. Experiment 2 was performed to evaluate the effects of rhMFGE8 pretreatment (10 min before SBI) and rhMFGE8 posttreatment (6 h after SBI) on brain edema at 24 and 72 h after SBI. Experiment 3 was performed to evaluate the potential anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of rhMFGE8 pretreatment and posttreatment. Experiment 4 sought to investigate the involvement of the integrin-β3 signal in the effects of MFGE8 pretreatment. Our data showed rhMFGE8 pretreatment alleviated neurological deficits and decreased brain water content and apoptotic cells in the SBI model, which exhibited neurological dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammation. Meanwhile, MFGE8 siRNA, which inhibited endogenous MFGE8 expression, significantly increased IL-1β, TUNEL positive cells, and CC3. Furthermore, knockdown of its receptor integrin β3 by siRNA abolished the effects of rhMFGE8 in the SBI model. In conclusion, we found that rhMFGE8 pretreatment effectively alleviated neurological deficits and decreased brain water content and apoptotic cells in the SBI model through the MFGE8/integrin-β3 pathway, and treatment time was an important factor in achieving curative effects. Therefore, MFGE8 pretreatment may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for SBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicai Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Gaofeng Li
- Departments of Oncology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Hunan, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuchun Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Kauthar Rashid
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Tibiao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China
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Ghosh S, Sarkar S, Choudhury ST, Ghosh T, Das N. Triphenyl phosphonium coated nano-quercetin for oral delivery: Neuroprotective effects in attenuating age related global moderate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:2439-2450. [PMID: 28822845 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a classic example of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated acute damage to brain. Post-ischemic reperfusion induced oxygen free radicals production causes damage to brain cell mitochondria. Antioxidants like quercetin (Qc) have potentials to manage oxidative stress related pathophysiology. However low oral bioavailability and poor cell membrane permeability restrict its therapeutic efficacy. To overcome these hurdles mitochondria specific delivery of Qc nanocapsules was designed to efficiently counteract cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced cell death and neurodegeneration in young and aged rats. The orally deliverable quercetin loaded polymeric nanocapsules (N1QC) were made mitochondria specific by using triphenylphosphonium cation as one of the matrix components. N1QC demonstrated higher brain uptake and remarkable mitochondrial localization post cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. This unique controlled mitochondrial delivery of quercetin ameliorated histopathological severity by preserving mitochondrial structural and functional integrity through sequestering ROS thus modulating mitochondrial ROS mediated apoptotic cell death in young and aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarupa Ghosh
- Drug Development, Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
| | - Sibani Sarkar
- Drug Development, Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Somsubhra T Choudhury
- Drug Development, Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Tirtha Ghosh
- SRSV (Govt. Polytechnic), P.O. Suri, Dist-, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Nirmalendu Das
- Drug Development, Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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35
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Xu X, Wang B, Ren C, Hu J, Greenberg DA, Chen T, Xie L, Jin K. Recent Progress in Vascular Aging: Mechanisms and Its Role in Age-related Diseases. Aging Dis 2017; 8:486-505. [PMID: 28840062 PMCID: PMC5524810 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As with many age-related diseases including vascular dysfunction, age is considered an independent and crucial risk factor. Complicated alterations of structure and function in the vasculature are linked with aging hence, understanding the underlying mechanisms of age-induced vascular pathophysiological changes holds possibilities for developing clinical diagnostic methods and new therapeutic strategies. Here, we discuss the underlying molecular mediators that could be involved in vascular aging, e.g., the renin-angiotensin system and pro-inflammatory factors, metalloproteinases, calpain-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and TGFβ-1 as well as the potential roles of testosterone and estrogen. We then relate all of these to clinical manifestations such as vascular dementia and stroke in addition to reviewing the existing clinical measurements and potential interventions for age-related vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglai Xu
- 1Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brian Wang
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Changhong Ren
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.,4Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | | - Tianxiang Chen
- 6Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Xie
- 3Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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36
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Kajikawa T, Meshikhes F, Maekawa T, Hajishengallis E, Hosur KB, Abe T, Moss K, Chavakis T, Hajishengallis G. Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 inhibits periodontitis in non-human primates and its gingival crevicular fluid levels can differentiate periodontal health from disease in humans. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:472-483. [PMID: 28207941 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM We have previously shown that the secreted glycoprotein milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) has anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic properties. Our objective was to investigate the potential of MFG-E8 as a diagnostic or therapeutic agent in periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontitis was induced in non-human primates (NHPs) by placing ligatures around posterior teeth on both halves of the mandible for a split-mouth design: one side was treated with MFG-E8-Fc and the other with Fc control. Disease was assessed by clinical periodontal examinations, radiographic analysis of bone loss, and analysis of cytokine mRNA expression in gingival biopsy samples. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from human healthy volunteers or subjects with gingivitis, chronic moderate periodontitis, or chronic severe periodontitis. Additionally, GCF was collected from a subset of severe periodontitis patients following scaling and root planing (SRP) and after pocket reduction surgery. GCF was analysed to quantify MFG-E8 and periodontitis-relevant cytokines using multiplex assays. RESULTS In NHPs, sites treated with MFG-E8-Fc exhibited significantly less ligature-induced periodontal inflammation and bone loss than Fc control-treated sites. In humans, the GCF levels of MFG-E8 were significantly higher in health than in periodontitis, whereas the reverse was true for the proinflammatory cytokines tested. Consistently, MFG-E8 was elevated in GCF after both non-surgical (SRP) and surgical periodontal treatment of periodontitis patients. CONCLUSION MFG-E8 is, in principle, a novel therapeutic agent and biomarker of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kajikawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fatimah Meshikhes
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evlambia Hajishengallis
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kavita B Hosur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toshiharu Abe
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Moss
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kishi C, Motegi SI, Ishikawa O. Elevated serum MFG-E8 level is possibly associated with the presence of high-intensity cerebral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Dermatol 2017; 44:783-788. [PMID: 28266034 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8), also known as lactadherin, is a secreted glycoprotein that plays essential roles in the clearance of apoptotic cells and angiogenesis. It has been reported that serum MFG-E8 levels are higher in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients compared with in healthy controls; however, a previous study reported no correlation between serum MFG-E8 levels and SLE disease activity. The objective of this study was to assess serum MFG-E8 levels and their clinical associations in patients with SLE. Serum MFG-E8 levels in 49 Japanese patients with SLE, eight with cutaneous LE, and 28 healthy controls were examined. Serum MFG-E8 levels in SLE patients were significantly higher than those in cutaneous LE patients and healthy individuals. In addition, serum MFG-E8 levels were positively correlated with the SLE Disease Activity Index score, which reflects the disease activity of SLE. Notably, the frequency of the presence of high-intensity cerebral lesions on MRI in the SLE patients with elevated serum MFG-E8 levels was significantly higher than that in SLE patients with normal serum MFG-E8 levels. These findings suggest that elevated serum MFG-E8 levels may be associated with cerebrovascular diseases or neuropsychiatric SLE in patients with SLE, and that the measurement of serum MFG-E8 levels in SLE patients is useful for risk stratification of cerebrovascular disease or cerebrovascular disease-related neuropsychiatric SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Kishi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Li Y, Ran W, Zhang J, Chen S, Li Y, Luo D, Wang C, Jia W. Elevated serum milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 levels in type 2 diabetic patients are suppressed by overweight or obese status. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:63-71. [PMID: 28067023 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the most important link between obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a key mediator in anti-inflammatory responses, its role in obesity and diabetes is not yet completely understood. We aimed to measure MFG-E8 serum levels and to explore the role of MFG-E8 in obesity and T2D. Fasting serum MFG-E8 levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 168 individuals, whose oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, and levels of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein, were measured. The participants were subdivided into 66 newly diagnosed T2D individuals, 44 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects and 58 healthy controls. Their characteristics were further classified as lean or nonlean for investigation. MFG-E8 levels were significantly higher in T2D subjects than in healthy controls (P = 0.028). Decreased levels of MFG-E8 were found in overweight or obese individuals, compared to those in lean subjects, in both the T2D and IGT groups (P < 0.001). Interestingly, MFG-E8 levels showed a negative correlation with body mass index (BMI) and TNF-α levels in the total population and the T2D subgroup. Further, BMI and TNF-α concentrations were found to be independent predictors of MFG-E8 levels in all subjects. MFG-E8 levels are elevated in T2D but suppressed by increased adipose tissues, thereby allowing inflammatory factors to rise to high levels. MFG-E8 may serve as a potential biomarker for obesity and T2D in the clinical setting. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(2):63-71, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhuo Ran
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Wu S, Yue Y, Peng A, Zhang L, Xiang J, Cao X, Ding H, Yin S. Myricetin ameliorates brain injury and neurological deficits via Nrf2 activation after experimental stroke in middle-aged rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:2624-34. [PMID: 27171848 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of myricetin, a bioactive food compound, on brain injury and neurological deficits after ischemic stroke. Treatment of myricetin significantly attenuated oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell death in SHSY5Y cells in vitro. In a rat model of cerebral ischemia, myricetin was administered intragastrically at 2 h before and every day after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The effects of myricetin were evaluated by various biochemical assays and neurobehavioral tests. Treatment with myricetin resulted in decreased infarction volume, reduced neuronal loss as well as lessened production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde following MCAO. We also found evidence that myricetin treatment could enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial function. Meanwhile, myricetin treatment reversed the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increased HO-1 expression in the ipsilateral ischemic brain and in the normal brain. Moreover, our results suggested that myricetin treatment resulted in significant improvement in neurological function. In conclusion, treatment with myricetin attenuates brain injury and neurological deficits in a rat model of cerebral ischemia via improvement of mitochondrial function and activation of the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangchan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
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Wang X, Bu HF, Liu SXL, De Plaen IG, Tan XD. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of the MFG-E8 Gene Promoter Activity in Physiological and Inflammatory Conditions. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1867-79. [PMID: 25711369 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is expressed by macrophages and plays an important role in attenuating inflammation and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Previously, we and others found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibits MFG-E8 gene expression in macrophages. Here, we characterized the 5'-flanking region of the mouse MFG-E8 gene. To functionally analyze the upstream regulatory region of the MFG-E8 gene, a series of luciferase reporter gene constructs containing deleted or mutated regulatory elements were prepared. Using the luciferase assay, we revealed that Sp1 binding motifs within the proximal promoter region were necessary for full activity of the MFG-E8 promoter, whereas AP-1 like binding sequence at -372 played a role in governing the promoter activity at a homeostatic level. With chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we showed that Sp1 and c-Jun physically interact with the MFG-E8 promoter region in vivo. In addition, Sp1 was found to regulate the MFG-E8 promoter activity positively and c-Jun negatively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LPS inhibited MFG-E8 promoter activity via targeting Sp1 and AP-1-like motifs in the 5'-flanking region. Collectively, our data indicate that Sp1 and AP-1-related factors are involved in the regulation of MFG-E8 gene transcription by targeting their binding sites in the 5'-flanking region under physiological and inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Heng-Fu Bu
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shirley X L Liu
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Isabelle G De Plaen
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Research & Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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41
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Zhong Z, Hu JQ, Wu XD, Sun Y, Jiang J. Anti-apoptotic effects of myocardin-related transcription factor-A on rat cardiomyocytes following hypoxia-induced injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:379-87. [PMID: 26854861 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) can transduce both biomechanical and humoral signals, which can positively modulate cardiac damage induced by acute myocardial infarction. However, the molecular mechanism that underlies the contribution that MRTF-A provides to the myocardium is not completely understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of MRTF-A on myocardium apoptosis and its mechanisms. Our experiment results showed that MRTF-A expression increased and Bcl-2 expression reduced during myocardial ischemia–reperfusion in rat. Meanwhile, primary cardiomyocytes were pretreated with wild-type MRTF-A or siRNA of MRTF-A before exposure to hypoxia. We found that overexpression of MRTF-A in myocardial cells inhibited apoptosis and the release of cytochrome c. MRTF-A enhanced Bcl-2, which contributes to MRTF-A interaction with Bcl-2 in the nuclei of cardiomyocytes. MRTF-A upregulation expression of Bcl-2 in cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia was inhibited by PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor. In conclusions, MRTF-A improved myocardial cell survival in a cardiomyocyte model of hypoxia-induced injury; this effect was correlated with the upregulation of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 through the activation of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, JianDe 311600, China
| | - Jia-qing Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, JianDe 311600, China
| | - Xin-dong Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, JianDe 311600, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Rački V, Petrić D, Kučić N, Gržeta N, Jurdana K, Rončević-Gržeta I. Cortical gray matter loss in schizophrenia: Could microglia be the culprit? Med Hypotheses 2016; 88:18-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Liu F, Chen Y, Hu Q, Li B, Tang J, He Y, Guo Z, Feng H, Tang J, Zhang JH. MFGE8/Integrin β3 pathway alleviates apoptosis and inflammation in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Exp Neurol 2015; 272:120-7. [PMID: 25936875 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8(MFGE8)/Integrin β3 pathway was reported to be involved in reducing oxidative stress and early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In the present study, the potential effects of MFGE8 and its receptor Integrin β3 in the inhibition of apoptosis and neuroinflammation in early brain injury after SAH were investigated. METHODS Ninety-five (95) male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The SAH model was induced by endovascular perforation. Recombinant human MFGE8 (rhMFGE8), MFGE8 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and Integrin β3 siRNA were injected intracerebroventricularly. SAH grade, neurologic scores, Western blots and immunofluorescence were employed to study the mechanisms of MFGE8 and its receptor Integrin β3, as well as neurological outcome. RESULTS SAH induced significant neuronal apoptosis and inflammation and exhibited neurological dysfunction in rats. Knockdown endogenous MFGE8 with siRNA significantly increased the protein levels of cleaved caspase 3 and IL-1β, accompanied with more neurological deficits. rhMFGE8 significantly reduced neural cell death in cortex, decreased cleaved caspase 3 and IL-1β expressions, and improved neurological functions 24h after SAH. The anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation effects of rhMFGE8 were abolished by Integrin β3 siRNA. CONCLUSION MFGE8 could alleviate neurologic damage in early brain injury after SAH via anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects. MFGE8 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for future management of SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Junjia Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Yue He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USA.
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Zhang Y, Brenner M, Yang WL, Wang P. Recombinant human MFG-E8 ameliorates colon damage in DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis in mice. J Transl Med 2015; 95:480-90. [PMID: 25751740 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the digestive system and typically requires lifelong medical care. Recombinant human MFG-E8 (rhMFG-E8) is a 364-amino acid protein, which promotes apoptotic cell clearance and reduces inflammation. This study investigates the therapeutic effect of rhMFG-E8 on two well-established mouse models of IBD. Acute mucosal injury leading to colitis was caused by exposing C57BL/6 mice to 4% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the drinking water over 7 days, and BALB/c mice to a single intrarectal dose of 2.75 mg of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Upon clinical onset of colitis (day 2 in the DSS model and day 1 in the TNBS model), mice were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of rhMFG-E8 (60 or 120 μg/kg/day) or vehicle (saline) for 6 days. Treatment with rhMFG-E8 significantly attenuated colitis in both models in a dose-dependent way. Treatment of DSS-induced colitis with rhMFG-E8 (120 μg/kg/day) decreased weight loss by 59%, the colitis severity score by 71%, and colon shrinkage by 49% when compared with vehicle. Similarly, treatment of TNBS-induced colitis with rhMFG-E8 (120 μg/kg/day) decreased weight loss by 97%, the colitis severity score by 82%, and colon shrinkage by 62% when compared with vehicle. In both models, the colons of animals receiving rhMFG-E8 showed marked reduction in neutrophil infiltration, cytokine and chemokine expression, and apoptotic cell counts. In conclusion, rhMFG-E8 ameliorates DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis, suggesting that it has the potential to become a novel therapeutic agent for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhong Zhang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Max Brenner
- 1] Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA [2] TheraSource LLC, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- 1] Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA [2] TheraSource LLC, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Aziz M, Yang WL, Corbo LM, Chaung WW, Matsuo S, Wang P. MFG-E8 inhibits neutrophil migration through αvβ₃-integrin-dependent MAP kinase activation. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:18-28. [PMID: 25936372 PMCID: PMC4494603 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the involvement of milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8 (MFG-E8) in reducing neutrophil infiltration in a murine model of acute lung injury (ALI). In the present study, we aimed to delineate the mechanisms through which MFG-E8 attenuates neutrophil migration. Recombinant human MFG-E8 (rhMFG-E8) was expressed and purified in our facility. The human differentiated neutrophil cell line, dHL-60, was treated with rhMFG-E8 and cell migration assay was performed in a Boyden chamber using recombinant interleukin-8 (IL-8) as the chemoattractant. Surface CXCR2 and intracellular G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) levels were evaluated by flow cytometry or western blot analysis. The levels of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases were determined by western blot analysis. Treatment with rhMFG-E8 resulted in a significant inhibition of dHL-60 cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. There was a 46% decrease in CXCR2 expression in the rhMFG-E8-treated dHL-60 cells, which was associated with a 32% increase in GRK2 expression. In the dHL-60 cells, treatment with rhMFG-E8 promoted the phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) within 10–30 min. The use of SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, and PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, resulted in the restoration of dHL-60 cell migration which was significantly inhibited treatment with rhMFG-E8. Furthermore, blocking the MFG-E8 receptors, αvβ3/αvβ5-integrins, by anti-αv-integrin neutralizing antibody (Ab) inhibited the activation of p38 and ERK, and reversed the rhMFG-E8-induced inhibition of dHL-60 cell migration. Finally, treatment of the dHL-60 cells with SB203580 and PD98059 neutralized the rhMFG-E8-induced downregulation of CXCR2 expression and upregulation of GRK2 expression, as well as the inhibitory effects on cell migration. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of action of MFG-E8 through which it inhibits neutrophil migration through αvβ3-integrin-dependent MAP kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monowar Aziz
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore‑LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore‑LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Lana M Corbo
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore‑LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Wayne W Chaung
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore‑LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Shingo Matsuo
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore‑LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore‑LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Cheyuo C, Aziz M, Yang WL, Jacob A, Zhou M, Wang P. Milk fat globule-EGF factor VIII attenuates CNS injury by promoting neural stem cell proliferation and migration after cerebral ischemia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122833. [PMID: 25867181 PMCID: PMC4394995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mediators in activating neural stem cells during the regenerative process of neurogenesis following stroke have not been fully identified. Milk fat globule-EGF Factor VIII (MFG-E8), a secreted glycoprotein serves several cellular functions by binding to its receptor, αv β3-integrin. However, its role in regulating neural stem cells after stroke has not been determined yet. We therefore, aim to reveal whether MFG-E8 promotes neural stem cell proliferation and migration during stroke. Stroke was induced in wild-type (Wt) and MFG-E8-deficinet (Mfge8-/-) mice by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Commercially available recombinant mouse MFG-E8 (rmMFG-E8) was used for mechanistic assays in neural stem cell line, while the in house prepared recombinant human MFG-E8 (rhMFG-E8) was used for in vivo administration into rats with tMCAO. The in vitro effects of recombinant rmMFG-E8 for the neural stem cell proliferation and migration were determined by BrdU and transwell migration assay, respectively. The expression of cyclin D2, p53 and netrin-1, was analyzed by qPCR. We report that the treatment of rhMFG-E8 significantly improved the neurological deficit score, body weight lost and neural stem cell proliferation in a rat model of tMCAO. Conversely, decreased neural stem cell proliferation was observed in Mfge8-/- mice in comparison with the Wt counterparts underwent tMCAO. rmMFG-E8 stimulated the proliferation of mouse embryonic neural stem cells via upregulation of cyclin D2 and downregulation of p53, which is mediated by αv β3-integrin. rmMFG-E8 also promoted mouse embryonic neural stem cell migration via αv β3-integrin dependent manner in upregulating netrin-1. Our findings suggest MFG-E8 to promote neural stem cell proliferation and migration, which therefore establishes a promising therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cletus Cheyuo
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Asha Jacob
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Mian Zhou
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xin Q, Cheng B, Pan Y, Liu H, Yang C, Chen J, Bai B. Neuroprotective effects of apelin-13 on experimental ischemic stroke through suppression of inflammation. Peptides 2015; 63:55-62. [PMID: 25278489 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenic progression of post-ischemic neuronal damage. Apelin-13 has been investigated as a neuropeptide for various neurological disorders. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of apelin-13 on the inflammation of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Transient focal I/R model in male Wistar rats were induced by 2h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24h reperfusion. Rats then received treatment with apelin-13 or vehicle after ischemia at the onset of reperfusion. The neurological deficit was evaluated and the infarct volume was measured by TTC staining. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured using real-time PCR. And the expression of apelin receptor (APJ), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Our results demonstrated that treatment with apelin-13 in I/R rats markedly reduced neurological deficits and the infarct volume. The increase of MPO activity induced by I/R was inhibited by apelin-13 treatment. The real-time PCR showed that apelin-13 decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α and ICAM-1 in I/R rats. The expression of APJ in I/R rats was increased. And the expression of Iba1, GFAP and HMGB1 in I/R rats was decreased by apelin-13 treatment indicating the inhibition of microglia, astrocytes and other inflammatory cells. In conclusion, apelin-13 is neuroprotective for neurons against I/R through inhibiting the neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xin
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Baohua Cheng
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Yanyou Pan
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Taian Medical University, Taian 271000, PR China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China.
| | - Bo Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China.
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Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening illness that occurs due to an abnormal host immune network which extends through the initial widespread and overwhelming inflammation, and culminates at the late stage of immunosupression. Recently, interest has been shifted toward therapies aimed at reversing the accompanying periods of immune suppression. Studies in experimental animals and critically ill patients have demonstrated that increased apoptosis of lymphoid organs and some parenchymal tissues contributes to this immune suppression, anergy and organ dysfunction. Immediate to the discoveries of the intracellular proteases, caspases for the induction of apoptosis and inflammation, and their striking roles in sepsis have been focused elaborately in a number of original and review articles. Here we revisited the different aspects of caspases in terms of apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis and inflammation and focused their links in sepsis by reviewing several recent findings. In addition, we have documented striking perspectives which not only rewrite the pathophysiology, but also modernize our understanding for developing novel therapeutics against sepsis.
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Liu F, Hu Q, Li B, Manaenko A, Chen Y, Tang J, Guo Z, Tang J, Zhang JH. Recombinant milk fat globule-EGF factor-8 reduces oxidative stress via integrin β3/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase pathway in subarachnoid hemorrhage rats. Stroke 2014; 45:3691-7. [PMID: 25342030 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.006635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Milk fat globule-EGF factor-8 (MFGE8) has been reported to be neuroprotective in ischemic stroke. However, the effects of MFGE8 in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have not been investigated. We investigated the role of MFGE8 in early brain injury and the potential mechanisms in antioxidation after SAH. METHODS Two dosages (1 μg and 3.3 μg) of recombinant human MFGE8 were injected intracerebroventricularly at 1.5 hours after SAH. SAH grades, neurological scores, and brain water content were measured at 24 and 72 hours. For mechanistic study, MFGE8 siRNA, integrin β3 siRNA, and heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitor SnPP IX were used for intervention. The oxidative stress and expression of MFGE8, integrin β3, HO-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 were measured by Western blots 24 hours after SAH. RESULTS The expression of MFGE8 and HO-1 increased and peaked 24 hours after SAH. Administration of recombinant human MFGE8 decreased brain water content and improved neurological functions both at 24 hours and at 72 hours after SAH. Recombinant human MFGE8 reduced oxidative stress and enhanced the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and HO-1; and the effects were abolished by integrin β3 siRNA and HO inhibitor SnPP IX. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant MFGE8 attenuated oxidative stress that may be mediated by integrin β3/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/HO pathway after SAH. Recombinant MFGE8 may serve as an alternative treatment to ameliorate early brain injury for SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Qin Hu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Bo Li
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Yujie Chen
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Junjia Tang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Zongduo Guo
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Jiping Tang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - John H Zhang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.).
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Spittau B, Rilka J, Steinfath E, Zöller T, Krieglstein K. TGFβ1 increases microglia-mediated engulfment of apoptotic cells via upregulation of the milk fat globule-EGF factor 8. Glia 2014; 63:142-53. [PMID: 25130376 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8 (Mfge8) has been described as an essential molecule during microglia-mediated clearance of apoptotic cells via binding to phosphatidylserine residues and subsequent phagocytosis. Impaired uptake of apoptotic cells by microglia results in prolonged inflammatory responses and damage of healthy cells. Although the mechanisms of Mfge8-mediated engulfment of apoptotic cells are well understood, endogenous or exogenous factors that regulate Mfge8 expression remain elusive. Here, we describe that TGFβ1 increases the expression of Mfge8 and enhances the engulfment of apoptotic cells by primary mouse microglia in a Mfge8-dependent manner. Further, apoptotic cells are capable of increasing microglial TGFβ expression and release and shift the microglia phenotype toward alternative activation. Moreover, we provide evidence that Mfge8 expression is differentially regulated in microglia after classical and alternative activation and that Mfge8 is not able to exert direct antiinflammatory effects on LPS-treated primary microglia. Together, these results underline the importance of TGFβ1 as a regulatory factor for microglia and suggest that increased TGFβ1 expression in models of neurodegeneration might be involved in clearance of apoptotic cells via regulation of Mfge8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Spittau
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
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