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Gao X, Sun Y, Huang X, Zhou Y, Zhu H, Li Q, Ma Y. Adequate dietary magnesium intake may protect females but not males older than 55 years from cognitive impairment. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:184-195. [PMID: 36803323 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2169986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium is an essential nutrient required to maintain brain health throughout life, and adequate magnesium intake is positively associated with cognitive performance in older adults. However, sex differences in magnesium metabolism have not been adequately assessed in humans. OBJECTIVES We investigated sex differences in the effect of dietary magnesium intake and the risk of different types of cognitive impairment in older Chinese adults. METHODS We collected and assessed dietary data and cognitive function status in people aged 55 years and older in northern China who participated in the Community Cohort Study of Nervous System Diseases from 2018 to 2019 to explore the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of each type of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in sex-specific cohorts of older adults. RESULTS The study included 612 people: 260 (42.5%) men and 352 (57.5%) women. Logistic regression results showed that for the total sample and women's sample, high dietary magnesium intake reduced the risk of amnestic MCI (ORtotal = 0.300; ORwomen = 0.190) and multidomain amnestic MCI (ORtotal = 0.225; ORwomen = 0.145). The results of restricted cubic spline analysis showed that the risk of amnestic MCI (ptotal = 0.0193; pwomen = 0.0351) and multidomain amnestic MCI (ptotal = 0.0089; pwomen = 0.0096) in the total sample and women's sample gradually decreased with increasing dietary magnesium intake. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that adequate magnesium intake may have a preventive effect against the risk of MCI in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
- Handan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Handan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huichen Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhigulin AS, Barygin OI. Mechanisms of NMDA Receptor Inhibition by Sepimostat-Comparison with Nafamostat and Diarylamidine Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15685. [PMID: 37958669 PMCID: PMC10649274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are inhibited by many amidine and guanidine compounds. In this work, we studied the mechanisms of their inhibition by sepimostat-an amidine-containing serine protease inhibitor with neuroprotective properties. Sepimostat inhibited native NMDA receptors in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons with IC50 of 3.5 ± 0.3 µM at -80 mV holding voltage. It demonstrated complex voltage dependence with voltage-independent and voltage-dependent components, suggesting the presence of shallow and deep binding sites. At -80 mV holding voltage, the voltage-dependent component dominates, and we observed pronounced tail currents and overshoots evidencing a "foot-in-the-door" open channel block. At depolarized voltages, the voltage-independent inhibition by sepimostat was significantly attenuated by the increase of agonist concentration. However, the voltage-independent inhibition was non-competitive. We further compared the mechanisms of the action of sepimostat with those of structurally-related amidine and guanidine compounds-nafamostat, gabexate, furamidine, pentamidine, diminazene, and DAPI-investigated previously. The action of all these compounds can be described by the two-component mechanism. All compounds demonstrated similar affinity to the shallow site, which is responsible for the voltage-independent inhibition, with binding constants in the range of 3-30 µM. In contrast, affinities to the deep site differed dramatically, with nafamostat, furamidine, and pentamidine being much more active.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleg I. Barygin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 44, Toreza Prospekt, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
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3
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Lee K, Lee JM, Phan TT, Lee CJ, Park JM, Park J. Ultrasonocoverslip: In-vitro platform for high-throughput assay of cell type-specific neuromodulation with ultra-low-intensity ultrasound stimulation. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1533-1548. [PMID: 37909109 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain stimulation with ultra-low-intensity ultrasound has rarely been investigated due to the lack of a reliable device to measure small neuronal signal changes made by the ultra-low intensity range. We propose Ultrasonocoverslip, an ultrasound-transducer-integrated-glass-coverslip that determines the minimum intensity for brain cell activation. Brain cells can be cultured directly on Ultrasonocoverslip to simultaneously deliver uniform ultrasonic pressure to hundreds of cells with real-time monitoring of cellular responses using fluorescence microscopy and single-cell electrophysiology. The sensitivity for detecting small responses to ultra-low-intensity ultrasound can be improved by averaging simultaneously obtained responses. Acoustic absorbers can be placed under Ultrasonocoverslip, and stimuli distortions are substantially reduced to precisely deliver user-intended acoustic stimulations. With the proposed device, we discover the lowest acoustic threshold to induce reliable neuronal excitation releasing glutamate. Furthermore, mechanistic studies on the device show that the ultra-low-intensity ultrasound stimulation induces cell type-specific neuromodulation by activating astrocyte-mediated neuronal excitation without direct neuronal involvement. The performance of ultra-low-intensity stimulation is validated by in vivo experiments demonstrating improved safety and specificity in motor modulation of tail movement compared to that with supra-watt-intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunhyung Lee
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Moo Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Thuy Phan
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Min Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinhyoung Park
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Sande R, Doshi G, Godad A. Deciphering the role of metal and non-metals in the treatment of epilepsy. Neurochem Int 2023; 167:105536. [PMID: 37178926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metals and non-metals have known to play a significant role in various physiological roles in the body including the central nervous system (CNS). The alterations in their concentration in the CNS leads to abnormalities in the normal functions which may lead to various neurological conditions including epilepsy. Manganese is a cofactor required for antioxidant enzymes such as Superoxide dismutase, Glutamine synthetase, etc. The accumulation of iron leads to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) which have the potential to cause ferroptosis, one of the reasons for epileptogenesis. Zinc has biphasic response, both neurotoxic and neuroprotective, based on concentration levels in the CNS. Selenium is a main element for selenoproteins which is responsible for the regulation of oxidative state and antioxidant defence mechanism. The reduction in the phosphorous levels in the CNS is widely observed after generalised tonic clonic seizures (GTC), which can be a potential diagnostic biomarker. Copper acts in the CNS in an identical manner, i.e., by blocking both AMPA mediated and GABA mediated neuronal transmission. Magnesium blocks calcium channels in the NMDA receptor and prevents glutamatergic transmission, thus inhibiting excitotoxicity. Lithium acts as a proconvulsive agent and is used in combination with pilocarpine to induce seizures. The identified potential of metals and non-metals in epilepsy can be utilised in order to devise new adjuvant therapies for the management of epilepsy. The article summaries in depth the role of metals and non-metals in the treatment of epilepsy supported with special paragraph on author perspective on to the topic. Furthermore, an update of preclinical and clinical evidences are discussed in the review to give evidence on metal and non-metal based therapies in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruksar Sande
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Angel Godad
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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5
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Kozin S, Kravtsov A, Ivashchenko L, Dotsenko V, Vasilyeva L, Vasilyev A, Tekutskaya E, Aksenov N, Baryshev M, Dorohova A, Fedulova L, Dzhimak S. Study of the Magnesium Comenate Structure, Its Neuroprotective and Stress-Protective Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098046. [PMID: 37175753 PMCID: PMC10178379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure and the biological activity of a new coordination compound of magnesium ions with comenic acid, magnesium comenate, was characterized and studied. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the compound was investigated in detail using elemental X-ray fluorescent analysis, thermal analysis, IR-Fourier spectrometry, UV spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Based on experimental analytical data, the empirical formula of magnesium comenate [Mg(HCom)2(H2O)6]·2H2O was established. This complex compound crystallizes with eight water molecules, six of which are the hydration shell of the Mg2+ cation, and two more molecules bind the [Mg(H2O)6]2+ aquacation with ionized ligand molecules by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The packing of molecules in the crystal lattice is stabilized by a branched system of hydrogen bonds with the participation of solvate water molecules and oxygen atoms of various functional groups of ionized ligand molecules. With regard to the biological activity of magnesium comenate, a neuroprotective, stress-protective, and antioxidant effect was established in in vitro and in vivo models. In in vitro experiments, magnesium comenate protected cerebellar neurons from the toxic effects of glutamate and contributed to the preservation of neurite growth parameters under oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide. In animal studies, magnesium comenate had a stress-protective and antioxidant effect in models of immobilization-cold stress. Oral administration of magnesium comenate at a dose of 2 mg/kg of animal body weight for 3 days before stress exposure and for 3 days during the stress period led to a decrease in oxidative damage and normalization of the antioxidant system of brain tissues against the background of induced stress. The obtained results indicate the advisability of further studies of magnesium comenate as a compound potentially applicable in medicine for the pharmacological correction of conditions associated with oxidative and excitotoxic damage to nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kozin
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Laboratory of Technologies for the Production of Physiologically Active Substances, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Alexandr Kravtsov
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Laboratory of Technologies for the Production of Physiologically Active Substances, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Lev Ivashchenko
- Laboratory of Technologies for the Production of Physiologically Active Substances, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Victor Dotsenko
- Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Lada Vasilyeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Alexander Vasilyev
- Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Elena Tekutskaya
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Nicolai Aksenov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, North Caucasus Federal University, 355017 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Mikhail Baryshev
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anna Dorohova
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Lilia Fedulova
- Experimental Clinic-Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of Animal Origin, The V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Dzhimak
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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6
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Neurotoxicity evoked by organophosphates and available countermeasures. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:39-72. [PMID: 36335468 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OP) are a constant problem, both in the military and in the civilian field, not only in the form of acute poisoning but also for their long-lasting consequences. No antidote has been found that satisfactorily protects against the toxic effects of organophosphates. Likewise, there is no universal cure to avert damage after poisoning. The key mechanism of organophosphate toxicity is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The overstimulation of nicotinic or muscarinic receptors by accumulated acetylcholine on a synaptic cleft leads to activation of the glutamatergic system and the development of seizures. Further consequences include generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation, and the formation of various other neuropathologists. In this review, we present neuroprotection strategies which can slow down the secondary nerve cell damage and alleviate neurological and neuropsychiatric disturbance. In our opinion, there is no unequivocal approach to ensure neuroprotection, however, sooner the neurotoxicity pathway is targeted, the better the results which can be expected. It seems crucial to target the key propagation pathways, i.e., to block cholinergic and, foremostly, glutamatergic cascades. Currently, the privileged approach oriented to stimulating GABAAR by benzodiazepines is of limited efficacy, so that antagonizing the hyperactivity of the glutamatergic system could provide an even more efficacious approach for terminating OP-induced seizures and protecting the brain from permanent damage. Encouraging results have been reported for tezampanel, an antagonist of GluK1 kainate and AMPA receptors, especially in combination with caramiphen, an anticholinergic and anti-glutamatergic agent. On the other hand, targeting ROS by antioxidants cannot or already developed neuroinflammation does not seem to be very productive as other processes are also involved.
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7
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Mathew AA, Panonnummal R. A Mini Review on the Various Facets Effecting Brain Delivery of Magnesium and Its Role in Neurological Disorders. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03517-8. [PMID: 36534337 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential cation present in the body that participates in the regulation of various vital body functions. Maintaining normal level of magnesium is essential for proper brain functions by regulating the activities of numerous neurotransmitters and their receptors. Various studies have been reported that magnesium level is found to be declined in both neurological and psychiatric diseases. Declined magnesium level in the brain initiates various cumbersome effects like excitotoxicity, altered blood-brain permeability, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which may further worsen the disease condition. Shreds of evidence from the experimental and clinical studies proved that exogenous administration of magnesium is useful for correcting disease-induced alterations in the brain. But one of the major limiting factors in the use of magnesium for treatment purposes is its poor blood-brain barrier permeability. Various approaches like the administration of its organic salts as pidolate and threonate forms, and the combination with polyethylene glycol or mannitol have been tried to improve its permeability to make magnesium as a suitable drug for different neurological disorders. These results have shown their experimental efficacy in diseased animal models, but studies regarding the safety and efficacy in human subjects are currently underway. We present a comprehensive review on the role of magnesium in the maintenance of normal functioning of the brain and various approaches for improving its BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ann Mathew
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Rajitha Panonnummal
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
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8
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Turcu AL, Companys-Alemany J, Phillips MB, Patel DS, Griñán-Ferré C, Loza MI, Brea JM, Pérez B, Soto D, Sureda FX, Kurnikova MG, Johnson JW, Pallàs M, Vázquez S. Design, synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo characterization of new memantine analogs for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114354. [PMID: 35453065 PMCID: PMC9106868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, of the few accessible symptomatic therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), memantine is the only N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) blocker approved by the FDA. This work further explores a series of memantine analogs featuring a benzohomoadamantane scaffold. Most of the newly synthesized compounds block NMDARs in the micromolar range, but with lower potency than previously reported hit IIc, results that were supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Subsequently, electrophysiological studies with the more potent compounds allowed classification of IIc, a low micromolar, uncompetitive, voltage-dependent, NMDAR blocker, as a memantine-like compound. The excellent in vitro DMPK properties of IIc made it a promising candidate for in vivo studies in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and in the 5XFAD mouse model of AD. Administration of IIc or memantine improved locomotion and rescues chemotaxis behavior in C. elegans. Furthermore, both compounds enhanced working memory in 5XFAD mice and modified NMDAR and CREB signaling, which may prevent synaptic dysfunction and modulate neurodegenerative progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea L Turcu
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació i Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Companys-Alemany
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (NeuroUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew B Phillips
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Dhilon S Patel
- Chemistry Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (NeuroUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Isabel Loza
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research Group, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Edificio CIMUS, Av. Barcelona, S/N, E, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José M Brea
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research Group, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Edificio CIMUS, Av. Barcelona, S/N, E, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David Soto
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc X Sureda
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C./ St. Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria G Kurnikova
- Chemistry Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jon W Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (NeuroUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació i Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Xie J, Li J, Ma J, Li M, Wang X, Fu X, Ma Y, Yang H, Li B, Saijilafu. Magnesium Oxide/Poly (l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds Loaded with Neural Morphogens Promote Spinal Cord Repair through Targeting the Calcium Influx and Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200386. [PMID: 35587044 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Because of the limited regenerative ability of the central nervous system (CNS), effective treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still lacking. After SCI, neuron loss and axon regeneration failure often result in irreversible functional impairment. The calcium overload induced by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) overactivation is critical for cell death in SCI. It has been reported that the magnesium ion (Mg2+ ) can competitively block the NMDAR and reduce the calcium influx, and that sonic hedgehog (Shh) and retinoic acid (RA) are the critical regulators of neuronal differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs). Here, magnesium oxide (MgO)/poly (l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffold loaded with purmorphamine (PUR, a Shh signaling agonist) and RA is developed and its feasibility in SCI repair is tested. The results showed that the Mg2+ released from MgO attenuated cell apoptosis by blocking the calcium influx, and the PUR/RA promoted the recruitment and neuronal differentiation of endogenous NSCs, thereby reducing the glial scar formation at the SCI lesion site. Furthermore, implantation of PUR/RA-loaded MgO/PLCL scaffold facilitates the partial recovery of a locomotor function of SCI mouse in vivo. Together, findings from this study imply that PUR/RA-loaded MgO/PLCL scaffold may be a promising biomaterial for the clinical treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jile Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University 899 Pinghai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Orthopaedic Institute Medical College Soochow University 1 Shizi Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
| | - Jinjin Ma
- Orthopaedic Institute Medical College Soochow University 1 Shizi Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
| | - Meimei Li
- Orthopaedic Institute Medical College Soochow University 1 Shizi Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
| | - Xingran Wang
- Orthopaedic Institute Medical College Soochow University 1 Shizi Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
| | - Xinya Fu
- Orthopaedic Institute Medical College Soochow University 1 Shizi Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
| | - Yanxia Ma
- Orthopaedic Institute Medical College Soochow University 1 Shizi Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University 899 Pinghai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
- Orthopaedic Institute Medical College Soochow University 1 Shizi Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University 899 Pinghai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
- Orthopaedic Institute Medical College Soochow University 1 Shizi Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University 899 Pinghai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
- Orthopaedic Institute Medical College Soochow University 1 Shizi Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China
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10
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Zhigulin AS, Barygin OI. Mechanisms of NMDA receptor inhibition by nafamostat, gabexate and furamidine. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174795. [PMID: 35122868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are affected by many pharmaceuticals. In this work, we studied the action of the serine protease inhibitors nafamostat, gabexate and camostat, and an antiprotozoal compound, furamidine, on native NMDA receptors in rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Nafamostat, furamidine and gabexate inhibited these receptors with IC50 values of 0.20 ± 0.04, 0.64 ± 0.13 and 16 ± 3 μM, respectively, whereas camostat was ineffective. Nafamostat and furamidine showed voltage-dependent inhibition, while gabexate showed practically voltage-independent inhibition. Nafamostat and furamidine demonstrated tail currents, implying a 'foot-in-the-door' mechanism of action; gabexate did not demonstrate any signs of 'foot-in-the-door' or trapping channel block. Gabexate action was also not competitive, suggesting allosteric inhibition of NMDA receptors. Furamidine and nafamostat are structurally similar to the previously studied diminazene and all three demonstrated a 'foot-in-the-door' mechanism. They have a rather rigid, elongated structures and cannot fold into more compact forms. By contrast, the gabexate molecule can fold, but its folded structure differs drastically from that of typical NMDA receptor blockers, in agreement with its voltage-independent inhibition. These findings provide a better understanding of the structural determinants of NMDA receptor antagonism, while also supporting the potential clinical repurposing of these drugs as neuroprotectors for glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy S Zhigulin
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg I Barygin
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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11
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Holton KF. Micronutrients May Be a Unique Weapon Against the Neurotoxic Triad of Excitotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation: A Perspective. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:726457. [PMID: 34630015 PMCID: PMC8492967 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.726457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity has been implicated in many neurological disorders and is a leading cause of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the nervous system. Most of the research to date has focused on each of these conditions individually; however, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation have the ability to influence one another in a self-sustaining manner, thus functioning as a "neurotoxic triad." This perspective article re-introduces the concept of the neurotoxic triad and reviews how specific dietary micronutrients have been shown to protect against not only oxidative stress, but also excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Future dietary interventions for neurological disorders could focus on the effects on all three aspects of the neurotoxic triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F Holton
- Nutritional Neuroscience Lab, Department of Health Studies, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States
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12
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Magnesium for Pain Treatment in 2021? State of the Art. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051397. [PMID: 33919346 PMCID: PMC8143286 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Magnesium (Mg) is commonly used in clinical practice for acute and chronic pain and has been reported to reduce pain intensity and analgesics consumption in a number of studies. Results are, however, contested. Objectives: This review aims to investigate randomised clinical trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of Mg treatment on pain and analgesics consumption in situations including post-operative pain, migraine, renal pain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. Results: The literature search identified 81 RCTs (n = 5447 patients) on Mg treatment in pain (50 RCTs in post-operative pain, 18 RCTs in migraine, 5 RCTs in renal pain, 6 RCTs in chronic/neuropathic pain, 2 RCTs in fibromyalgia). Conclusion: The level of evidence for the efficacy of Mg in reducing pain and analgesics consumption is globally modest and studies are not very numerous in chronic pain. A number of gaps have been identified in the literature that need to be addressed especially in methodology, rheumatic disease, and cancer. Additional clinical trials are needed to achieve a sufficient level of evidence and to better optimize the use of Mg for pain and pain comorbidities in order to improve the quality of life of patients who are in pain.
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13
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Tikhonov DB. Channel Blockers of Ionotropic Glutamate
Receptors. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Molecular mechanisms of action determine inhibition of paroxysmal depolarizing shifts by NMDA receptor antagonists in rat cortical neurons. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108443. [PMID: 33345828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are involved in numerous central nervous system (CNS) processes, including epileptiform activity. We used a picrotoxin-induced epileptiform activity model to compare the action of different types of NMDAR antagonists in rat brain slices. Paroxysmal depolarizing shifts (PDS) were evoked by external stimulation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) slices and recorded in pyramidal cells (PC) and in fast-spiking interneurons (FSI). The NMDAR antagonists APV and memantine reduced the duration of PDS. However, the competitive antagonist APV caused similar effects on the PC and FSI, while the open-channel blocker memantine had a much stronger effect on the PDS in the FSI than in the PC. This difference cannot be explained by a corresponding difference in NMDAR sensitivity to memantine because the drug inhibited the excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) similarly in both cell types. Importantly, the PDS were significantly longer in the FSI than in the PC. The degree of PDS inhibition by memantine correlated with individual PDS durations in each cell type. Computer modeling of a synaptic network in the mPFC suggests that the different effects of memantine on the PDS in the PC and FSI can be explained by use dependence of its action. An open-channel blocking mechanism and competition with Mg2+ ions for the binding site result in pronounced inhibition of the long PDS, whereas the short PDS are weakly sensitive. Our results show that peculiarities of kinetics and the mechanism of action largely determine the effects of NMDAR antagonists on physiological and/or pathological processes.
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15
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Mallah K, Couch C, Borucki DM, Toutonji A, Alshareef M, Tomlinson S. Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective Agents in Clinical Trials for CNS Disease and Injury: Where Do We Go From Here? Front Immunol 2020; 11:2021. [PMID: 33013859 PMCID: PMC7513624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are major contributors to death and disability worldwide. The pathology of injuries and disease processes includes a cascade of events that often involve molecular and cellular components of the immune system and their interaction with cells and structures within the central nervous system. Because of this, there has been great interest in developing neuroprotective therapeutic approaches that target neuroinflammatory pathways. Several neuroprotective anti-inflammatory agents have been investigated in clinical trials for a variety of neurological diseases and injuries, but to date the results from the great majority of these trials has been disappointing. There nevertheless remains great interest in the development of neuroprotective strategies in this arena. With this in mind, the complement system is being increasingly discussed as an attractive therapeutic target for treating brain injury and neurodegenerative conditions, due to emerging data supporting a pivotal role for complement in promoting multiple downstream activities that promote neuroinflammation and degeneration. As we move forward in testing additional neuroprotective and immune-modulating agents, we believe it will be useful to review past trials and discuss potential factors that may have contributed to failure, which will assist with future agent selection and trial design, including for complement inhibitors. In this context, we also discuss inhibition of the complement system as a potential neuroprotective strategy for neuropathologies of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Mallah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Christine Couch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Davis M. Borucki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amer Toutonji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mohammed Alshareef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
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16
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Stith SS, Diviant JP, Brockelman F, Keeling K, Hall B, Lucern S, Vigil JM. Alleviative effects of Cannabis flower on migraine and headache. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:416-424. [PMID: 32758396 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies to date have measured the real-time effects of consumption of common and commercially available Cannabis products for the treatment of headache and migraine under naturalistic conditions. This study examines, for the first time, the effectiveness of using dried Cannabis flower, the most widely used type of Cannabis product in the United States, in actual time for treatment of headache- and migraine-related pain and the associations between different product characteristics and changes in symptom intensity following Cannabis use. METHODS Between 06/10/2016 and 02/12/2019, 699 people used the Releaf Application to record real-time details of their Cannabis use, including product characteristics and symptom intensity levels prior to and following self-administration; data included 1910 session-level attempts to treat headache- (1328 sessions) or migraine-related pain (582 sessions). Changes in headache- or migraine-related pain intensity were measured on a 0-10 scale prior to, and immediately, following Cannabis consumption. RESULTS Ninety-four percent of users experienced symptom relief within a two-hour observation window. The average symptom intensity reduction was 3.3 points on a 0-10 scale (standard deviation = 2.28, Cohen's d = 1.58), with males experiencing greater relief than females (P < 0.001) and a trend that younger users (< 35 years) experience greater relief than older users (P = 0.08). Mixed effects regression models showed that, among the known (i.e., labeled) product characteristics, tetrahydrocannabinol levels 10% and higher are the strongest independent predictors of symptom relief, and this effect is particularly prominent in headache rather than migraine sufferers (P < 0.05), females (P < 0.05) and younger users (P < 0.001). Females and younger users also appear to gain greater symptom relief from flower labeled as "C. indica" rather than "C. sativa" or other hybrid strains. CONCLUSION These results suggest that whole dried Cannabis flower may be an effective medication for treatment of migraine- and headache-related pain, but the effectiveness differs according to characteristics of the Cannabis plant, the combustion methods, and the age and gender of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Stith
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Jegason P Diviant
- Department of Psychology, Student of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Franco Brockelman
- Morebetter Ltd. Software Developer, Hyattsville, Maryland 20781, USA
| | - Keenan Keeling
- Morebetter Ltd. Software Developer, Hyattsville, Maryland 20781, USA
| | - Branden Hall
- Morebetter Ltd. Software Developer, Hyattsville, Maryland 20781, USA
| | - Storri Lucern
- Department of Psychology, Student of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Jacob M Vigil
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
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17
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Schumacher SA, Toribio RE, Scansen B, Lakritz J, Bertone AL. Pharmacokinetics of magnesium and its effects on clinical variables following experimentally induced hypermagnesemia. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 43:577-590. [PMID: 32525571 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to describe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes as a result of a single intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4 ) to healthy horses. MgSO4 is a magnesium salt that has been used to calm horses in equestrian competition and is difficult to regulate because magnesium is an essential constituent of all mammals. Six healthy adult female horses were administered a single intravenous dose of MgSO4 at 60 mg/kg of body weight over 5 min. Blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected, and cardiovascular parameters were monitored and echocardiograms performed at predetermined times. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was applied to plasma concentrations of ionized magnesium (Mg2+ ). Objective data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test with p < .05 used as a determination for significance. Plasma concentrations of Mg2+ increased nearly fivefold, ionized calcium (Ca2+ ) decreased by nearly 10%, and the Ca2+ to Mg2+ ratio declined more than 3.5-fold and remained different than baseline until 24 hr (p < .05). Significant changes were seen with urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes, cardiovascular parameters, and echocardiographic measurements. No changes were detected in CSF electrolyte concentrations. The decrease in Ca2+ result of hypermagnesemia supports the interaction between these cations. Alterations detected in plasma electrolyte concentrations and urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes may serve as biomarkers for regulatory control for the nefarious administration of MgSO4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Schumacher
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramiro E Toribio
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian Scansen
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Services, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lakritz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alicia L Bertone
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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18
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Effects of Antagonists of Different Types of NMDA Receptor on Evoked Responses of Pyramidal Neurons in Rat Cerebral Cortex Slices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-020-00925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Civardi C, Collini A, Geda C. Oculogyric crisis in proton pump inhibitor-associated hypomagnesemia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 72:80-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Hypoxia influences the effects of magnesium degradation products on the interactions between endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:624-636. [PMID: 31622779 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable materials like well-documented Magnesium (Mg) are promising for their biocompatibility and tissue regeneration. Since Mg degradation is reported to be oxygen related, the effects of Mg were hypothesised to be influenced by oxygen. As two vital components of bone marrow, endothelial cells (EC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), their interactions represent high scientific interest for tissue engineering and biodegradable Mg application. Human umbilical cord perivascular (HUCPV) and umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) were selected as sources of MSC and EC, respectively. Two types of coculture models were established to represent different phases of MSC-EC interaction: (i) where cells were physically separated thanks to a transwell and (ii) where cells were allowed to have heterotypic cellular contacts. Cell migration, gene, cytokines, and proliferation were investigated in HUCPV-HUVEC coculture using DNA, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mg degradation products increased HUCPV migration in transwell under hypoxia. Oxygen tension changed the gene regulation of migratory, angiogenetic or osteogenic regulators. Under contacting coculture and hypoxia, Mg degradation products remarkably increased cytokines (e.g., c-c motif chemokine ligand 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor) and MSC mineralisation. Mg degradation products decreased and increased the MSC proliferation in transwell and in heterotypic-contact coculture, respectively. In summary, this study indicates the roles of low oxygen and heterotypic contact to effects of Mg materials facilitating HUVEC and HUCPV. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE.
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21
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Kronbauer M, Metz VG, Roversi K, Milanesi LH, Rubert Rossato D, da Silva Barcelos RC, Burger ME. Influence of magnesium supplementation and L-type calcium channel blocker on haloperidol-induced movement disturbances. Behav Brain Res 2019; 374:112119. [PMID: 31374223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Haloperidol (Hal) is an antipsychotic related to movement disorders. Magnesium (Mg) showed benefits on orofacial dyskinesia (OD), suggesting its involvement with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) since it acts blocking calcium channels. Comparisons between nifedipine (NIF; a calcium channel blocker) and Mg were performed to establish the Mg mechanism. Male rats concomitantly received Hal and Mg or NIF for 28 days, and OD behaviors were weekly assessed. Both Mg and NIF decreased Hal-induced OD. Hal increased Ca2+-ATPase activity in the striatum, and Mg reversed it. In the cortex, both Mg and NIF decreased such activity. Dopaminergic and glutamatergic immunoreactivity were modified by Hal and treatments: i) in the cortex: Hal reduced D1R and D2R, increasing NMDAR immunoreactivity. Mg and NIF reversed this Hal influence on D1R and NMDAR, while only Mg reversed Hal effects on D2R levels; ii) in the striatum: Hal decreased D2R and increased NMDAR while Mg and NIF decreased D1R and reversed the Hal-induced decreasing D2R levels. Only Mg reversed the Hal-induced increasing NMDAR levels; iii) in the substantia nigra (SN): while Hal increased D1R, D2R, and NMDAR, both Mg and NIF reversed this influence on D2R, but only Mg reversed the Hal-influence on D1R levels. Only NIF reversed the Hal effects on NMDAR immunoreactivity. These findings allow us to propose that Mg may be useful to minimize Hal-induced movement disturbances. Mg molecular mechanism seems to be involved with a calcium channel blocker because the NIF group showed less expressive effects than the Mg group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Kronbauer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicia Garzela Metz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Laura H Milanesi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marilise E Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil.
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22
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Holton KF, Johnstone JM, Brandley ET, Nigg JT. Evaluation of dietary intake in children and college students with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 22:664-677. [PMID: 29361884 PMCID: PMC6309508 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1427661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate dietary intake among individuals with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to evaluate the likelihood that those with ADHD have inadequate intakes. Methods: Children, 7-12 years old, with (n = 23) and without (n = 22) ADHD, and college students, 18-25 years old, with (n = 21) and without (n = 30) ADHD comprised the samples. Children's dietary intake was assessed by a registered dietitian using 24-hour recalls over 3 days. College students kept a detailed food record over three days. Dietary information for both groups was entered into the Nutrition Data Systems for Research database, and output was analyzed using SAS 9.4. Nutrient analyses included the Healthy Eating Index-2010, Micronutrient Index (as a measure of overall micronutrient intake), and individual amino acids necessary for neurotransmission. Logistic regression was used to model the association of nutrient intake with ADHD. Models were adjusted for age, sex, IQ (or GPA), and energy intake (or total protein intake) as appropriate. Significance was evaluated at P = 0.05, and using the Benjamini-Hochberg corrected P-value for multiple comparisons. Results: No evidence existed for reduced nutrient intake among those with ADHD compared to controls in either age group. Across both groups, inadequate intakes of vitamin D and potassium were reported in 95% of participants. Children largely met nutrient intake guidelines, while college students failed to meet these guidelines for nine nutrients. In regards to amino acid intake in children, an increased likelihood of having ADHD was associated with higher consumption of aspartate, OR = 12.61 (P = 0.01) and glycine OR = 11.60 (P = 0.05); and a reduced likelihood of ADHD with higher intakes of glutamate, OR = 0.34 (P = 0.03). Among young adults, none of the amino acids were significantly associated with ADHD, though glycine and tryptophan approached significance. Discussion: Results fail to support the hypothesis that ADHD is driven solely by dietary micronutrient inadequacy. However, amino acids associated with neurotransmission, specifically those affecting glutamatergic neurotransmission, differed by ADHD status in children. Amino acids did not reliably vary among college students. Future larger scale studies are needed to further examine whether or not dietary intake of amino acids may be a modulating factor in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F. Holton
- Department of Health Studies, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Gray Hall 119, Washington, D.C. 20016; (202) 885-3797
| | - Jeanette M. Johnstone
- Departments of Neurology and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, DC7P; (503) 494-7340,
| | - Elizabeth T. Brandley
- Department of Health Studies, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20016; (603)313-9176;
| | - Joel T. Nigg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239; (503) 346-0640,
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23
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Pham TH, Gardier AM. Fast-acting antidepressant activity of ketamine: highlights on brain serotonin, glutamate, and GABA neurotransmission in preclinical studies. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:58-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Toffa DH, Magnerou MA, Kassab A, Hassane Djibo F, Sow AD. Can magnesium reduce central neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease? Basic evidences and research needs. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:195-202. [PMID: 30905744 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is a crucial divalent cation with more than 300 cellular functions. This ion shows therapeutic properties in several neurological diseases. Although there are numerous basic evidences showing that Mg can inhibit pathological processes involved in neuroglial degeneration, this low-cost option is not well-considered in clinical research and practice for now. Nevertheless, none of the expensive drugs currently recommended by the classic guidelines (in addition to physiological rehabilitation) had shown exceptional effectiveness. Herein, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), we analyze the therapeutic pathways that support the use of Mg for neurogenesis and neuroprotection. According to experimental findings reviewed, Mg shows interesting abilities to facilitate toxin clearance, reduce neuroinflammation, inhibit the pathologic processing of amyloid protein precursor (APP) as well as the abnormal tau protein phosphorylation, and to reverse the deregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Currently, some crucial details of the mechanisms involved in these proved effects remain elusive and clinical background is poor. Therefore, further studies are required to enable a better overview on pharmacodynamic targets of Mg and thus, to find optimal pharmacologic strategies for clinical use of this ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dènahin Hinnoutondji Toffa
- Epilepsy Lab, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Neurology Division, CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | | | - Ali Kassab
- Epilepsy Lab, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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van der Aart J, Golla SSV, van der Pluijm M, Schwarte LA, Schuit RC, Klein PJ, Metaxas A, Windhorst AD, Boellaard R, Lammertsma AA, van Berckel BNM. First in human evaluation of [ 18F]PK-209, a PET ligand for the ion channel binding site of NMDA receptors. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:69. [PMID: 30054846 PMCID: PMC6063804 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efforts to develop suitable positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for the ion channel site of human N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have had limited success. [18F]PK-209 is a GMOM derivative that binds to the intrachannel phencyclidine site with high affinity and selectivity. Primate PET studies have shown that the volume of distribution in the brain was reduced by administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801, consistent with substantial specific binding. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate [18F]PK-209 in 10 healthy humans by assessing test–retest reproducibility and binding specificity following intravenous S-ketamine administration (0.5 mg ∙ kg−1). Five healthy subjects underwent a test–retest protocol, and five others a baseline-ketamine protocol. In all cases dynamic, 120-min PET scans were acquired together with metabolite-corrected arterial plasma input functions. Additional input functions were tested based on within-subject and population-average parent fractions. Results Best fits of the brain time-activity curves were obtained using an irreversible two-tissue compartment model with additional blood volume parameter. Mean test–retest variability of the net rate of influx Ki varied between 7 and 24% depending on the input function. There were no consistent changes in [18F]PK-209 PET parameters following ketamine administration, which may be a consequence of the complex endogenous ligand processes that affect channel gating. Conclusions The molecular interaction between [18F]PK-209 and the binding site within the NMDA receptor ion channel is insufficiently reproducible and specific to be a reliable imaging agent for its quantification. Trial registration EudraCT 2014-001735-36. Registered 28 April 2014
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper van der Aart
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sandeep S V Golla
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van der Pluijm
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lothar A Schwarte
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuit
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Klein
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Glasgow NG, Wilcox MR, Johnson JW. Effects of Mg 2+ on recovery of NMDA receptors from inhibition by memantine and ketamine reveal properties of a second site. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:344-358. [PMID: 29793153 PMCID: PMC6050087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Memantine and ketamine are NMDA receptor (NMDAR) open channel blockers that are thought to act via similar mechanisms at NMDARs, but exhibit divergent clinical effects. Both drugs act by entering open NMDARs and binding at a site deep within the ion channel (the deep site) at which the endogenous NMDAR channel blocker Mg2+ also binds. Under physiological conditions, Mg2+ increases the IC50s of memantine and ketamine through competition for binding at the deep site. Memantine also can inhibit NMDARs after associating with a second site accessible in the absence of agonist, a process termed second site inhibition (SSI) that is not observed with ketamine. Here we investigated the effects of 1 mM Mg2+ on recovery from inhibition by memantine and ketamine, and on memantine SSI, of the four main diheteromeric NMDAR subtypes. We found that: recovery from memantine inhibition depended strongly on the concentration of memantine used to inhibit the NMDAR response; Mg2+ accelerated recovery from memantine and ketamine inhibition through distinct mechanisms and in an NMDAR subtype-dependent manner; and Mg2+ occupation of the deep site disrupted memantine SSI in a subtype-dependent manner. Our results support the hypothesis that memantine associates with, but does not inhibit at the second site. After associating with the second site, memantine can either slowly dissociate directly to the extracellular solution, or transit to the deep site, resulting in typical channel block. Memantine's relatively slow dissociation from the second site underlies the dependence of NMDAR recovery from inhibition on both memantine concentration and on Mg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Glasgow
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Madeleine R Wilcox
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jon W Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Possible association of CAG repeat polymorphism in KCNN3 encoding the potassium channel SK3 with oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:149-157. [PMID: 29774408 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data suggest a role of the potassium channel SK3 (KCNN3 gene) in oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity (OIN). Length variations in the polymorphic CAG repeat of the KCNN3 gene may be associated with the risk of OIN. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed patch-clamp experiments on HEK293 cell lines, expressing SK3 channel isoforms with short (11) or long (24) CAG repetitions, to measure intracellular calcium concentrations to test the effects of oxaliplatin on current density. A retrospective study was carried out on patients with colorectal cancer who had received oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. DNA for KCNN3 genotyping was extracted from leukocytes. The region containing the CAG repeats was amplified by PCR and the products separated by capillary electrophoresis for length analysis. The patients were divided into three groups depending on whether they carried two short alleles, one short allele and one long allele, or two long alleles. The primary endpoint was the onset of grade 2 or 3 neuropathy to oxaliplatin. RESULTS There was no difference in current density, but oxaliplatin induced a differential effect on apamin-sensitive current density between the two isoforms expressed in the HEK cell lines. There was a significant reduction of store-operated calcium entry into cells expressing the short and more active isoform only after high concentration of oxaliplatin exposition. Eighty-six patients were included in the clinical study. There was no significant association between OIN and KCNN3 polymorphism for the three groups. CONCLUSION We observed a slight association between OIN and CAG repeat polymorphisms of the KCNN3 gene in a preclinical model, but not a clinical study.
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Bennet L, Galinsky R, Draghi V, Lear CA, Davidson JO, Unsworth CP, Gunn AJ. Time and sex dependent effects of magnesium sulphate on post-asphyxial seizures in preterm fetal sheep. J Physiol 2018; 596:6079-6092. [PMID: 29572829 DOI: 10.1113/jp275627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We evaluated the effect of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4 ) on seizures induced by asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep. MgSO4 did not prevent seizures, but significantly reduced the total duration, number of seizures, seizure amplitude and average seizure burden. Saline-asphyxia male fetuses had significantly more seizures than female fetuses, but male fetuses showed significantly greater reduction in seizures during MgSO4 infusion than female fetuses. A circadian profile of seizure activity was observed in all fetuses, with peak seizures seen around 04.00-06.00 h on the first and second days after the end of asphyxia. This study is the first to demonstrate that MgSO4 has utility as an anti-seizure agent after hypoxia-ischaemia. More information is needed about the mechanisms mediating the effect of MgSO4 on seizures and sexual dimorphism, and the influence of circadian rhythms on seizure expression. ABSTRACT Seizures are common in newborns after asphyxia at birth and are often refractory to anti-seizure agents. Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4 ) has anticonvulsant effects and is increasingly given to women in preterm labour for potential neuroprotection. There is limited information on its effects on perinatal seizures. We examined the hypothesis that MgSO4 infusion would reduce fetal seizures after asphyxia in utero. Preterm fetal sheep at 0.7 gestation (104 days, term = 147 days) were given intravenous infusions of either saline (n = 14) or MgSO4 (n = 12, 160 mg bolus + 48 mg h-1 infusion over 48 h). Fetuses underwent umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) for 25 min, 24 h after the start of infusion. The start time for seizures did not differ between groups, but MgSO4 significantly reduced the total number of seizures (P < 0.001), peak seizure amplitude (P < 0.05) and seizure burden (P < 0.005). Within the saline-asphyxia group, male fetuses had significantly more seizures than females (P < 0.05). Within the MgSO4 -asphyxia group, although both sexes had fewer seizures than the saline-asphyxia group, the greatest effect of MgSO4 was on male fetuses, with reduced numbers of seizures (P < 0.001) and seizure burden (P < 0.005). Only 1 out of 6 MgSO4 males had seizures on the second day post-UCO compared to 5 out of 6 MgSO4 female fetuses (P = 0.08). Finally, seizures showed a circadian profile with peak seizures between 04.00 and 06.00 h on the first and second day post-UCO. Collectively, these results suggest that MgSO4 may have utility in treating perinatal seizures and has sexually dimorphic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bennet
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert Galinsky
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vittoria Draghi
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher A Lear
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanne O Davidson
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles P Unsworth
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Effect of developmental NMDAR antagonism with CGP 39551 on aspartame-induced hypothalamic and adrenal gene expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194416. [PMID: 29561882 PMCID: PMC5862471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Aspartame (L-aspartyl phenylalanine methyl ester) is a non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) approved for use in more than 6000 dietary products and pharmaceuticals consumed by the general public including adults and children, pregnant and nursing mothers. However a recent prospective study reported a doubling of the risk of being overweight amongst 1-year old children whose mothers consumed NNS-sweetened beverages daily during pregnancy. We have previously shown that chronic aspartame (ASP) exposure commencing in utero may detrimentally affect adulthood adiposity status, glucose metabolism and aspects of behavior and spatial cognition, and that this can be modulated by developmental N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) blockade with the competitive antagonist CGP 39551 (CGP). Since glucose homeostasis and certain aspects of behavior and locomotion are regulated in part by the NMDAR-rich hypothalamus, which is part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal- (HPA) axis, we have elected to examine changes in hypothalamic and adrenal gene expression in response to ASP exposure in the presence or absence of developmental NMDAR antagonism with CGP, using Affymetrix microarray analysis. Results Using 2-factor ANOVA we identified 189 ASP-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the adult male hypothalamus and 2188 in the adrenals, and a further 23 hypothalamic and 232 adrenal genes significantly regulated by developmental treatment with CGP alone. ASP exposure robustly elevated the expression of a network of genes involved in hypothalamic neurosteroidogenesis, together with cell stress and inflammatory genes, consistent with previous reports of aspartame-induced CNS stress and oxidative damage. These genes were not differentially expressed in ASP mice with CGP antagonism. In the adrenal glands of ASP-exposed mice, GABA and Glutamate receptor subunit genes were amongst those most highly upregulated. Developmental NMDAR antagonism alone had less effect on adulthood gene expression and affected mainly hypothalamic neurogenesis and adrenal steroid metabolism. Combined ASP + CGP treatment mainly upregulated genes involved in adrenal drug and cholesterol metabolism. Conclusion ASP exposure increased the expression of functional networks of genes involved in hypothalamic neurosteroidogenesis and adrenal catecholamine synthesis, patterns of expression which were not present in ASP-exposed mice with developmental NMDAR antagonism.
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Barygin OI, Nagaeva EI, Tikhonov DB, Belinskaya DA, Vanchakova NP, Shestakova NN. Inhibition of the NMDA and AMPA receptor channels by antidepressants and antipsychotics. Brain Res 2017; 1660:58-66. [PMID: 28167075 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is known that some antidepressants and antipsychotics directly inhibit NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors. In this study we systematically studied action of seven drugs (Fluoxetine, Citalopram, Desipramine, Amitriptyline, Atomoxetine, Chlorpromazine, and Clozapine) on NMDA receptors and Ca2+-permeable and -impermeable AMPA receptors in rat brain neurons by whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Except for weak effect of fluoxetine, all drugs were virtually inactive against Ca2+-impermeable AMPA receptors. Fluoxetine and desipramine significantly inhibited Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors (IC50=43±7 and 105±12µM, respectively). Desipramine, atomoxetine and chlorpromazine inhibited NMDA receptors in clinically relevant low micromolar concentrations, while citalopram had only weak effect. All tested medicines have been clustered into two groups by their action on NMDA receptors: desipramine, amitriptyline, chlorpromazine, and atomoxetine display voltage- and magnesium-dependent open channel blocking mechanism. Action of fluoxetine and clozapine was found to be voltage- and magnesium-independent. All voltage-dependent compounds could be trapped in closed NMDA receptor channels. Possible contribution of NMDA receptor inhibition by certain antidepressants and antipsychotics to their analgesic effects in neuropathic pain is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Barygin
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elina I Nagaeva
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Denis B Tikhonov
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Darya A Belinskaya
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nina P Vanchakova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia N Shestakova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Kronbauer M, Metz VG, Roversi K, Dias VT, de David Antoniazzi CT, da Silva Barcelos RC, Burger ME. Influence of magnesium supplementation on movement side effects related to typical antipsychotic treatment in rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 320:400-411. [PMID: 27816557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic use of typical antipsychotic haloperidolis related to movement disturbances such as parkinsonism, akathisia and tardive dyskinesia which have been related to excitotoxicity in extrapyramidal brain areas, requiring their prevention and treatment. In the current study we evaluated the influence of the magnesium on prevention (for 28days before-), reversion (for 12days after-) and concomitant supplementation on haloperidol-induced movement disorders in rats. Sub-chronic haloperidol was related to orofacial dyskinesia (OD) and catalepsy development, increased generation of reactive species (RS) and levels of protein carbonyl (PC) in cortex, striatum and substantia nigra (SN) in all experimental protocols. When provided preventatively, Mg reduced the increase of OD and catalepsy time 14 and 7days after haloperidol administration, respectively. When supplemented after haloperidol-induced OD establishment, Mg reversed this behavior after 12days, while catalepsy was reversed after 6days of Mg supplementation.When Mg was concomitantly supplemented with haloperidol administration, OD and catalepsy were prevented. Moreover, Mg supplementation was able to prevent the RS generation in both cortex and SN, reducing PC levels in all brain areas evaluated. When supplemented after haloperidol, Mg reversed RS generation in cortex and striatum, decreasing PC levels in SN and striatum.The co-administration of haloperidol and Mg supplementation prevented RS generation in cortex, striatum and SN, and PC levels in the SN.These outcomes indicate that Mg supplementation may be a useful alternative to prevent movement disturbances resulting of classic antipsychotic pharmacotherapy as haloperidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Kronbauer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Veronica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marilise E Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, UFSM, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil.
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Habibi-Asl B, Vaez H, Aghaie N, Hasanpour-Aghdam S, Parvizpur A, Chakhpur M, Mahmoudi J, Eteraf-Oskouei T, Pishdad S, Ghanbarzadeh S. Attenuation of Morphine-Induced Tolerance and Dependency by Pretreatment with Magnesium Sulfate and Amitriptyline in Male Mice. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2015.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Johnson JW, Glasgow NG, Povysheva NV. Recent insights into the mode of action of memantine and ketamine. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 20:54-63. [PMID: 25462293 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The clinical benefits of the glutamate receptor antagonists memantine and ketamine have helped sustain optimism that glutamate receptors represent viable targets for development of therapeutic drugs. Both memantine and ketamine antagonize N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), a glutamate receptor subfamily, by blocking the receptor-associated ion channel. Although many of the basic characteristics of NMDAR inhibition by memantine and ketamine appear similar, their effects on humans and to a lesser extent on rodents are strongly divergent. Some recent research suggests that preferential inhibition by memantine and ketamine of distinct NMDAR subpopulations may contribute to the drugs' differential clinical effects. Here we review studies that shed light on possible explanations for differences between the effects of memantine and ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon W Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Nathan G Glasgow
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nadezhda V Povysheva
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Zaitsev AV, Kim KK, Frolova EV, Lavrent’eva VV, Lukomskaya NY, Magazanik LG. Anticonvulsant activities of antagonists of NMDA and calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in a model of maximum electroshock in rats. NEUROCHEM J+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712414040138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zaitsev AV, Kim KK, Vasilev DS, Lukomskaya NY, Lavrentyeva VV, Tumanova NL, Zhuravin IA, Magazanik LG. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel blockers prevent pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions and morphological changes in rat brain neurons. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:454-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V. Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Kira Kh. Kim
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Vasilev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Nera Ya. Lukomskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Valeria V. Lavrentyeva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Natalia L. Tumanova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Igor A. Zhuravin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Lev G. Magazanik
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg Russia
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Ahmadi S, Golbaghi H, Azizbeigi R, Esmailzadeh N. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors involved in morphine-induced hyperalgesia in sensitized mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 737:85-90. [PMID: 24842190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate role of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the decrease of morphine analgesia in mice after nociceptive sensitization. We used a hot plate test to assess effects of morphine on pain behavior in male NMRI mice. All drugs were administered through an intraperitoneal route. Sensitization schedule composed of 3-days pre-treatment of morphine (20mg/kg) followed by 5-days washout. The results showed that morphine (5, 7.5, 10 and 15mg/kg) induced a significant analgesia in normal mice. However, the analgesic effects of morphine significantly decreased at higher dose (15mg/kg) in sensitized mice. Injections of either a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, D-AP5 (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1mg/kg) or an NMDA receptor channel blocker (30, 60 and 120mg/kg) alone had no effect on pain behavior. However, injections of D-AP5 (1mg/kg), along with morphine over 3-days of the sensitization schedule, significantly prevented the decrease in the analgesic effect of the opioid at doses of 7.5 and 10mg/kg on the hot plate test. Similarly, injections of MgSO4 (120mg/kg), along with morphine over 3-days of the sensitization schedule, significantly prevented the decrease in analgesic effect of morphine at doses of 10 and 15mg/kg. It can be concluded that NMDA receptors are influenced by morphine during the sensitization schedule, which in turn may affect morphine analgesia after the schedule. This may further support the potential effectiveness of NMDA blockade during repeated use of morphine for control of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamseddin Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 66167-15145, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Hajar Golbaghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ronak Azizbeigi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nabaz Esmailzadeh
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Vataev SI, Oganesyan GA, Gmiro VE, Lukomskaya NY, Magazanik LG. Effects of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Channel Blockers on the Organization of Sleep in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-014-9920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Varatharajan R, Joseph K, Loeffler S, Fuellgraf H, Hofmann UG, Moser A. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Activation Interacts with Electrical High Frequency Stimulation in the Rat Caudate Nucleus in vitro and in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.13055/ojns_4_1_1.140312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effects of Ionotropic Glutamate Channel Blockers on Audiogenic Seizure Reactions in Krushinskii–Molodkina Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-013-9877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wilmott LA, Thompson LT. Sex- and dose-dependent effects of post-trial calcium channel blockade by magnesium chloride on memory for inhibitory avoidance conditioning. Behav Brain Res 2013; 257:49-53. [PMID: 24095881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calcium influx through voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels is critical for many neuronal processes required for learning and memory. Persistent increases in cytosolic intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in aging neurons are associated with learning impairments, while small transient subcellular changes in intracellular calcium concentrations play critical roles in neural plasticity in young neurons. In the present study, young male and female Fisher 344 × Brown Norway (FBN) hybrid rats were administered different doses of magnesium chloride (0.0, 100.0, or 200.0mg/kg, i.p.) following a single inhibitory avoidance training trial. Extracellular magnesium ions can non-specifically block voltage-gated calcium channels, and/or reduce the calcium conductance gated via glutamate and serine's activation of neuronal NMDA receptors. In our study, magnesium chloride dose-dependently enhanced memory compared to controls (significantly increased latency to enter a dark compartment previously paired with an aversive stimulus) when tested 48 h later as compared to controls. A leftward shift in the dose response curve for memory enhancement by magnesium chloride was observed for male compared to female rats. These findings provide further insights into calcium-dependent modulation of aversive memory, and should be considered when assessing the design of effective treatment options for both male and female patients with dementia or other memory problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda A Wilmott
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Cognition & Neuroscience Program, School of Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 800 West Campbell Road, GR4.1, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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Pundir M, Arora S, Kaur T, Singh R, Singh AP. Effect of modulating the allosteric sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury. J Surg Res 2013; 183:668-77. [PMID: 23498342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the major health problems in developed as well as developing countries. The literature regarding the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) and the impact of the modulation of its allosteric sites on renal function is inadequate. The present study investigated the effect of modulating allosteric sites of NMDAR in ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We subjected rats to bilateral renal ischemia for 40 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h to induce AKI. We measured blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, uric acid, and lactate dehydrogenase to assess kidney injury. We assayed the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, reduced glutathione level, and myeloperoxidase and catalase activity to assess oxidative stress in renal tissue, and used hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe histopathologic changes. RESULTS Ischemia-reperfusion induced AKI, as demonstrated by an increase in serum parameters, oxidative stress and histopathologic changes in renal tissue. The NMDA agonist glutamic acid and polyamine binding site agonist spermidine significantly aggravated oxidative stress and ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI. Various NMDA receptor antagonists, including glycine binding site inhibitor kynurenic acid, polyamine binding site inhibitor ketamine, and channel blocking agent magnesium sulfate, attenuated ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI and significantly reduced oxidative stress, which suggests a role for NMDA receptors and the importance of regulating its allosteric sites in AKI. CONCLUSIONS Acute kidney injury is associated with the activation of NMDA receptors, as well as significant oxidative stress. The antagonism of various allosteric sites of NMDA receptors affords significant benefit against ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Pundir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Tamba BI, Leon MM, Petreus T. Common trace elements alleviate pain in an experimental mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:554-61. [PMID: 23362003 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements represent a group of essential metals or metaloids necessary for life, present in minute amounts. Analgesic adjuvants can enhance the effect of other pain drugs or be used for pain control themselves. Previous studies on the effects of trace elements on nociception and their potential use as analgesic adjuvants have yielded conflicting results. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that three vital trace elements (Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺) have direct antinociceptive effects. Groups of eight Swiss mice were intraperitoneally (i.p) injected with incremental concentrations of Zn²⁺ sulfate (0.5, 2.0 mg/kg), Zn²⁺ citrate (0.125, 0.5 mg/kg), Mg²⁺ chloride (37.5, 75, 150 mg/kg), Cu²⁺ chloride (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg), and Cu²⁺ sulfate (0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) or saline (control). Evaluations were made by hot plate (HP) and tail flick (TF) tests for central antinociceptive effect, writhing test (WT) for visceral antinociceptive effect, and activity cage (AC) test for spontaneous behavior. Zn²⁺ induced pain inhibition in HP/TF tests (up to 17%) and WT (up to 25%), with no significant differences among the salts used. Mg²⁺ salts induced pain inhibition for all performed tests (up to 85% in WT). Cu²⁺ salts showed antinociceptive effects for HP/TF (up to 28.6%) and WT (57.28%). Only Mg²⁺ and Cu²⁺ salts have displayed significant effects in AC (Mg²⁺ anxiolytic/depressant effect; Cu²⁺ anxiolytic effect). We interpret these data to mean that all tested trace elements induced antinociceptive effects in central and visceral pain tests. Our data indicate the potential use of these cheap adjuvants in pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan I Tamba
- Centre for the Study and Therapy of Pain, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
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