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Mahmoudi Z, Tajik A, Vahdat M, Mobarakeh KA, Saeedirad Z, Azaryan F, Amjadi A, Alami F, Valisoltani N, Mirshafaei MA, Khoshdooz S, Gholamalizadeh M, Doaei S, Kooshki A. The association between dietary intake of fats and transient global amnesia (TGA). Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39012761 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2359866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different types of dietary fat may influence memory and cognitive functions. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary fat intake and transient global amnesia (TGA). METHODS This case-control study was conducted using Persian Sabzevar cohort data on 258 individuals with TGA and 520 individuals without amnesia in Sabzevar Iran. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the intake of dietary fats of the participants. All study participants were screened for TGA by a neurologist and their status was determined based on the diagnostic symptoms defined by the Kaplan and Hodges criteria. RESULTS There was an inverse association between the risk of TGA and dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (OR = 0.94, CI95%:0.88-0.99, P = 0.01). Also, a positive association was observed between TGA and dietary intake of n-6 fatty acids (OR = 1.18, CI 95%: 1.04-1.33, P = 0.01). The results remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, education, job, marital status, physical activity, BMI, and calorie intake. CONCLUSION Omega-3 fatty acids may have beneficial effects; however, omega-6 fatty acids may have adverse effects on the risk of amnesia. Further longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Tajik
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Vahdat
- Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi Mobarakeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Saeedirad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azaryan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Amjadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Alami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Neda Valisoltani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Alsadat Mirshafaei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Sara Khoshdooz
- Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Kooshki
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Cecchi N, Romanelli R, Ricevuti F, Carbone MG, Dinardo M, Cesarano E, De Michele A, Messere G, Morra S, Scognamiglio A, Spagnuolo MI. Bioactives in Oral Nutritional Supplementation: A Pediatric Point of View. Nutrients 2024; 16:2067. [PMID: 38999815 PMCID: PMC11243142 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) are crucial for supporting the nutritional needs of pediatric populations, particularly those with medical conditions or dietary deficiencies. Bioactive compounds within ONSs play a pivotal role in enhancing health outcomes by exerting various physiological effects beyond basic nutrition. However, the comprehensive understanding of these bioactives in pediatric ONSs remains elusive. OBJECTIVE This systematic narrative review aims to critically evaluate the existing literature concerning bioactive compounds present in oral nutritional supplements from a pediatric standpoint, focusing on their types, sources, bioavailability, physiological effects, and clinical implications. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across the major academic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, employing predefined search terms related to oral nutritional supplements, bioactives, and pediatrics. Studies published between 2013 and 2024 were considered eligible for inclusion. Data extraction and synthesis were performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS The initial search yielded 558 of articles, of which 72 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies encompassed a diverse range of bioactive compounds present in pediatric ONS formulations, including, but not limited to, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and phytonutrients. These bioactives were sourced from various natural and synthetic origins and were found to exert beneficial effects on growth, development, immune function, gastrointestinal health, cognitive function, and overall well-being in pediatric populations. However, variations in bioavailability, dosing, and clinical efficacy were noted across different compounds and formulations. CONCLUSIONS Bioactive compounds in oral nutritional supplements offer promising avenues for addressing the unique nutritional requirements and health challenges faced by pediatric populations. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the optimal composition, dosage, and clinical applications of these bioactives in pediatric ONS formulations. A deeper understanding of these bioactive compounds and their interplay with pediatric health may pave the way for personalized and effective nutritional interventions in pediatric clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cecchi
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Romanelli
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Ricevuti
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Carbone
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Dinardo
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cesarano
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Michele
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messere
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Morra
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Scognamiglio
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
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Wylenzek F, Bühling KJ, Laakmann E. A systematic review on the impact of nutrition and possible supplementation on the deficiency of vitamin complexes, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene in relation to increased morbidity in women after menopause. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024:10.1007/s00404-024-07555-6. [PMID: 38935105 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
A balanced and healthy diet during the menopausal transition and after menopause is crucial for women to reduce the risk for morbidities and chronic diseases due to deficiency of essential nutrients. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies that analyzed the impact of vitamin and nutrient deficiencies in postmenopausal women in relation to increased morbidities and chronic conditions. METHODS Observational studies were searched in the databases PubMed, UpToDate, and Google Scholar. RESULTS We searched 122 studies, of which 90 were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis of the data could not be performed because of the heterogeneity of the statistical methods in the included studies. In our study, we focused on the aspects of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene, belonging to the family of carotenoids. Postmenopausal women with deficiencies of these nutrients are more vulnerable to comorbidities such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, metabolic diseases, osteoporosis, obesity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, cognitive decline, dementia, and stroke. We concluded that women after menopause tend to have a greater probability of suffering from deficiencies in various vitamins and nutrients, and consequently have an increased risk of developing morbidities and chronic diseases. CONCLUSION In conclusion, maintaining optimum serum levels of nutrients and vitamins, either through a balanced and healthy diet consuming fresh fruits, vegetables, and fats or by taking appropriate supplementation, is essential in maintaining optimal health-related quality of life and reducing the risk for women during the menopausal transition and after menopause. Nevertheless, more recent studies need to be assessed to formulate adequate recommendations to achieve positive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Wylenzek
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai J Bühling
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Elena Laakmann
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Janson E, Koolschijn PCMP, Schipper L, Boerma TD, Wijnen FNK, de Boode WP, van den Akker CHP, Licht-van der Stap RG, Nuytemans DHGM, Onland W, Obermann-Borst SA, Dudink J, de Theije CGM, Benders MJNL, van der Aa NE. Dolphin CONTINUE: a multi-center randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of a nutritional intervention on brain development and long-term outcome in infants born before 30 weeks of gestation. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:384. [PMID: 38849784 PMCID: PMC11157897 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm born infants are at risk for brain injury and subsequent developmental delay. Treatment options are limited, but optimizing postnatal nutrition may improve brain- and neurodevelopment in these infants. In pre-clinical animal models, combined supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), choline, and uridine-5-monophosphate (UMP) have shown to support neuronal membrane formation. In two randomized controlled pilot trials, supplementation with the investigational product was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in cognitive, attention, and language scores. The present study aims to assess the effect of a similar nutritional intervention on brain development and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcome in infants born very and extremely preterm. METHODS This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-group, multi-center trial. A total of 130 infants, born at less than 30 weeks of gestation, will be randomized to receive a test or control product between term-equivalent age and 12 months corrected age (CA). The test product is a nutrient blend containing DHA, choline, and UMP amongst others. The control product contains only fractions of the active components. Both products are isocaloric powder supplements which can be added to milk and solid feeds. The primary outcome parameter is white matter integrity at three months CA, assessed using diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) on MRI scanning. Secondary outcome parameters include volumetric brain development, cortical thickness, cortical folding, the metabolic and biochemical status of the brain, and product safety. Additionally, language, cognitive, motor, and behavioral development will be assessed at 12 and 24 months CA, using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III and digital questionnaires (Dutch version of the Communicative Development Inventories (N-CDI), Ages and Stages Questionnaire 4 (ASQ-4), and Parent Report of Children's Abilities - Revised (PARCA-R)). DISCUSSION The investigated nutritional intervention is hypothesized to promote brain development and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm born infants who have an inherent risk of developmental delay. Moreover, this innovative study may give rise to new treatment possibilities and improvements in routine clinical care. TRIAL REGISTRATION WHO International Clinical Trials Registry: NL-OMON56181 (registration assigned October 28, 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Janson
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - L Schipper
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T D Boerma
- Institute for Language Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F N K Wijnen
- Institute for Language Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W P de Boode
- Department of Neonatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C H P van den Akker
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - W Onland
- Neonatology Network Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - J Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C G M de Theije
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N E van der Aa
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Alfaro-González S, Garrido-Miguel M, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Mesas AE, Bravo-Esteban E, López-Muñoz P, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is associated with better academic achievement in Spanish university students: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Nutr Res 2024; 126:193-203. [PMID: 38759502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the association of the overall score and different items of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire with academic achievement in Spanish university students. We hypothesized that university students with greater adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) would have better academic achievement. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 266 first-year students from the University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, during the 2017-2018 academic year. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the 14-item MEDAS questionnaire. As an indicator variable for academic achievement, the average marks of the examinations required for access to Spanish universities were used. A total of 63 participants (23.6%) adhered to MedDiet recommendations. Analysis of covariance models showed that participants with higher adherence to the MedDiet had significantly higher scores on academic achievement than their peers with low adherence (P < .001) after controlling for potential confounders. Additionally, the evaluation of each item of the MEDAS questionnaire showed that a diet rich in olive oil, vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish and shellfish, and a low consumption of sweets and carbonated beverages were positively associated with academic achievement; nevertheless, wine intake was inversely associated. This study showed that Spanish university students had a low prevalence of good adherence to the MedDiet. Additionally, our results suggested that higher adherence to the MedDiet is associated with better academic achievement in Spanish university students. From a public health perspective and because of low adherence, it is important to continue to focus on promoting adherence to the MedDiet as part of a healthy lifestyle pattern to improve the academic performance of young university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Alfaro-González
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071, Cuenca, Spain; Faculty of Nursing, Castilla-La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain; Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Cuenca, Spain.
| | | | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071, Cuenca, Spain; Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Cuenca, Spain; Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidad de Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Bravo-Esteban
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071, Cuenca, Spain; Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Cuenca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071, Cuenca, Spain; Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Cuenca, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 3460000 Talca, Chile
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Li L, Lixia D, Gan G, Li J, Yang L, Wu Y, Fang Z, Zhang X. Astrocytic HILPDA promotes lipid droplets generation to drive cognitive dysfunction in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14758. [PMID: 38757390 PMCID: PMC11099789 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is manifested as a spectrum of disturbed cerebral function ranging from mild delirium to coma. However, the pathogenesis of SAE has not been clearly elucidated. Astrocytes play important roles in maintaining the function and metabolism of the brain. Most recently, it has been demonstrated that disorders of lipid metabolism, especially lipid droplets (LDs) dyshomeostasis, are involved in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LDs are involved in the underlying mechanism of SAE. METHODS The open field test, Y-maze test, and contextual fear conditioning test (CFCT) were used to test cognitive function in SAE mice. Lipidomics was utilized to investigate alterations in hippocampal lipid metabolism in SAE mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence labeling were applied for the observation of related proteins. RESULTS In the current study, we found that SAE mice showed severe cognitive dysfunction, including spatial working and contextual memory. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that lipid metabolism was widely dysregulated in the hippocampus by using lipidomic analysis. Furthermore, western blotting and immunofluorescence confirmed that LDs accumulation in hippocampal astrocytes was involved in the pathological process of cognitive dysfunction in SAE mice. We verified that LDs can be inhibited by specifically suppress hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated protein (HILPDA) in astrocytes. Meanwhile, cognitive dysfunction in SAE was ameliorated by reducing A1 astrocyte activation and inhibiting presynaptic membrane transmitter release. CONCLUSION The accumulation of astrocytic lipid droplets plays a crucial role in the pathological process of SAE. HILPDA is an attractive therapeutic target for lipid metabolism regulation and cognitive improvement in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of PediatricXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Du Lixia
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Guifen Gan
- Department of Critical Care MedicineQinghai University Affiliated HospitalXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - You Wu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zongping Fang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Critical Care MedicineShanghai Fourth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Cukierman-Yaffe T, Ramasundarahettige C, Bosch J, Gerstein HC. Effect of basal insulin and omega 3 fatty acids on cognitive impairment in dysglycaemia: An exploratory analysis of the ORIGIN trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1180-1187. [PMID: 38204215 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM The outcomes reduction with an initial glargine intervention (ORIGIN) trial reported that, allocation to insulin glargine-mediated normoglycaemia versus standard care, and to omega 3 fatty acids versus placebo had a neutral effect on cognitive test scores when analysed as continuous variables. Analyses of these scores as standardized categorical variables using a previously validated strategy may yield different results. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ORIGIN trial recruited participants with dysglycaemia and additional cardiovascular risk factors from 573 sites in 40 countries. They completed a mini mental state examination and a subset completed the digit symbol substitution test at baseline and up to three subsequent visits. The effect of the interventions on country-standardized substantive cognitive impairment, defined as the first occurrence of a baseline-adjusted follow-up mini mental state examination or digit symbol substitution test score ≥1.5 standard deviations below the baseline mean score in each participant's country was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 2627 of 11 682 people (22.5%) developed country-standardized substantive cognitive impairment. The hazard of this outcome was reduced by 9% (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.85, 0.99; p = .023) in participants assigned to insulin glargine (21.6%) versus standard care (23.3%). Conversely, the hazard of this outcome was not affected by assignment to omega 3 fatty acid versus placebo (hazard ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.86, 1.01; p = .074). CONCLUSIONS In this post hoc exploratory analysis, insulin glargine-mediated normoglycaemia but not omega 3 fatty acids reduced the hazard of substantive cognitive impairment in people with dysglycaemia and additional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Cukierman-Yaffe
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Herczeg Institute of Aging, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jackie Bosch
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Alhattab M, Moorthy LS, Patel D, Franco CMM, Puri M. Oleaginous Microbial Lipids' Potential in the Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:80. [PMID: 38393051 PMCID: PMC10890163 DOI: 10.3390/md22020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The products of oleaginous microbes, primarily lipids, have gained tremendous attention for their health benefits in food-based applications as supplements. However, this emerging biotechnology also offers a neuroprotective treatment/management potential for various diseases that are seldom discussed. Essential fatty acids, such as DHA, are known to make up the majority of brain phospholipid membranes and are integral to cognitive function, which forms an important defense against Alzheimer's disease. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have also been shown to reduce recurrent epilepsy seizures and have been used in brain cancer therapies. The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 PUFAs is essential in maintaining physiological function. Furthermore, lipids have also been employed as an effective vehicle to deliver drugs for the treatment of diseases. Lipid nanoparticle technology, used in pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals, has recently emerged as a biocompatible, biodegradable, low-toxicity, and high-stability means for drug delivery to address the drawbacks associated with traditional medicine delivery methods. This review aims to highlight the dual benefit that lipids offer in maintaining good health for disease prevention and in the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Alhattab
- Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Lakshana S Moorthy
- Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Durva Patel
- Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Christopher M M Franco
- Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
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9
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Vacy K, Thomson S, Moore A, Eisner A, Tanner S, Pham C, Saffery R, Mansell T, Burgner D, Collier F, Vuillermin P, O'Hely M, Boon WC, Meikle P, Burugupalli S, Ponsonby AL. Cord blood lipid correlation network profiles are associated with subsequent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder symptoms at 2 years: a prospective birth cohort study. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104949. [PMID: 38199043 PMCID: PMC10825361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions with early life origins. Alterations in blood lipids have been linked to ADHD and ASD; however, prospective early life data are limited. This study examined (i) associations between the cord blood lipidome and ADHD/ASD symptoms at 2 years of age, (ii) associations between prenatal and perinatal predictors of ADHD/ASD symptoms and cord blood lipidome, and (iii) mediation by the cord blood lipidome. METHODS From the Barwon Infant Study cohort (1074 mother-child pairs, 52.3% male children), child circulating lipid levels at birth were analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These were clustered into lipid network modules via Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis. Associations between lipid modules and ADHD/ASD symptoms at 2 years, assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist, were explored via linear regression analyses. Mediation analysis identified indirect effects of prenatal and perinatal risk factors on ADHD/ASD symptoms through lipid modules. FINDINGS The acylcarnitine lipid module is associated with both ADHD and ASD symptoms at 2 years of age. Risk factors of these outcomes such as low income, Apgar score, and maternal inflammation were partly mediated by higher birth acylcarnitine levels. Other cord blood lipid profiles were also associated with ADHD and ASD symptoms. INTERPRETATION This study highlights that elevated cord blood birth acylcarnitine levels, either directly or as a possible marker of disrupted cell energy metabolism, are on the causal pathway of prenatal and perinatal risk factors for ADHD and ASD symptoms in early life. FUNDING The foundational work and infrastructure for the BIS was sponsored by the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Deakin University, and Barwon Health. Subsequent funding was secured from the Minderoo Foundation, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ENDpoiNTs: No 825759), National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) and Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore [APP1149047], The William and Vera Ellen Houston Memorial Trust Fund (via HOMER Hack), The Shepherd Foundation, The Jack Brockhoff Foundation, the Scobie & Claire McKinnon Trust, the Shane O'Brien Memorial Asthma Foundation, the Our Women Our Children's Fund Raising Committee Barwon Health, the Rotary Club of Geelong, the Ilhan Food Allergy Foundation, Geelong Medical and Hospital Benefits Association, Vanguard Investments Australia Ltd, the Percy Baxter Charitable Trust, and Perpetual Trustees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Vacy
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah Thomson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Archer Moore
- Melbourne School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Alex Eisner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Sam Tanner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Cindy Pham
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Fiona Collier
- Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong 3220, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Martin O'Hely
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Wah Chin Boon
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Peter Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Satvika Burugupalli
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
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10
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Wen J, Satyanarayanan SK, Li A, Yan L, Zhao Z, Yuan Q, Su KP, Su H. Unraveling the impact of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and glymphatic function. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:335-355. [PMID: 37914102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia represent major public health challenges but effective therapeutic options are limited. Pathological brain aging is associated with microvascular changes and impaired clearance systems. The application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 or omega-3 PUFAs) is one of the most promising nutritional interventions in neurodegenerative disorders from epidemiological data, clinical and pre-clinical studies. As essential components of neuronal membranes, n-3 PUFAs have shown neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as modulatory effects through microvascular pathophysiology, amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance and glymphatic pathways. This review meticulously explores these underlying mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs against AD and dementia, synthesizing evidence from both animal and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Ziai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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11
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Lakshimi VI, Kavitha M. New Insights into Prospective Health Potential of ω-3 PUFAs. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:813-829. [PMID: 37996669 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are the two essential long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) promoting human health which are obtained from diet or supplementation. The eicosanoids derived from ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs have opposite characteristics of pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. The proinflammatory effects of ω-6 PUFAs are behind the pathology of the adverse health conditions of PUFA metabolism like cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and inflammatory diseases. A balanced ω-6 to ω-3 ratio of 1-4:1 is critical to prevent the associated disorders. But due to modern agricultural practices, there is a disastrous shift in this ratio to 10-20:1. This review primarily aims to discuss the myriad health potentials of ω-3 PUFAs uncovered through recent research. It further manifests the importance of maintaining a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio. RECENT FINDINGS ω-3 PUFAs exhibit protective effects against diabetes mellitus-associated complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and proteinuria. COVID-19 is also not an exception to the health benefits of ω-3 PUFAs. Supplementation of ω-3 PUFAs improved the respiratory and clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. ω-3 PUFAs exhibit a variety of health benefits including anti-inflammatory property and antimicrobial property and are effective in protecting against various health conditions like atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, COVID-19, and neurological disorders. In the present review, various health potentials of ω-3 PUFAs are extensively reviewed and summarized. Further, the importance of a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio has been emphasized besides stating the diverse sources of ω-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Iswareya Lakshimi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kavitha
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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Khan I, Hussain M, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Khan A, Ashraf A, Zou X. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Metabolism and health implications. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101255. [PMID: 37838255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adil Khan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Azqa Ashraf
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2666100, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Vlaicu PA, Untea AE, Varzaru I, Saracila M, Oancea AG. Designing Nutrition for Health-Incorporating Dietary By-Products into Poultry Feeds to Create Functional Foods with Insights into Health Benefits, Risks, Bioactive Compounds, Food Component Functionality and Safety Regulations. Foods 2023; 12:4001. [PMID: 37959120 PMCID: PMC10650119 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the concept of nutrition by design, exploring the relationship between poultry production, the utilization of dietary by-products to create functional foods, and their impact on human health. Functional foods are defined as products that extend beyond their basic nutritional value, offering potential benefits in disease prevention and management. Various methods, including extraction, fermentation, enrichment, biotechnology, and nanotechnology, are employed to obtain bioactive compounds for these functional foods. This review also examines the innovative approach of enhancing livestock diets to create functional foods through animal-based methods. Bioactive compounds found in these functional foods, such as essential fatty acids, antioxidants, carotenoids, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive peptides, are highlighted for their potential in promoting well-being and mitigating chronic diseases. Additionally, the review explores the functionality of food components within these products, emphasizing the critical roles of bioaccessibility, bioactivity, and bioavailability in promoting health. The importance of considering key aspects in the design of enhanced poultry diets for functional food production is thoroughly reviewed. The safety of these foods through the establishment of regulations and guidelines was reviewed. It is concluded that the integration of nutrition by design principles empowers individuals to make informed choices that can prioritize their health and well-being. By incorporating functional foods rich in bioactive compounds, consumers can proactively take steps to prevent and manage health issues, ultimately contributing to a healthier society and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petru Alexandru Vlaicu
- Feed and Food Quality Department, National Research and Development Institute for Animal Nutrition and Biology, 077015 Balotesti, Romania; (A.E.U.); (I.V.); (M.S.); (A.G.O.)
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14
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Fang S, Wu Z, Guo Y, Zhu W, Wan C, Yuan N, Chen J, Hao W, Mo X, Guo X, Fan L, Li X, Chen J. Roles of microglia in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression and their therapeutics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193053. [PMID: 37881439 PMCID: PMC10597707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis generates functional neurons from neural progenitor cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) to complement and repair neurons and neural circuits, thus benefiting the treatment of depression. Increasing evidence has shown that aberrant microglial activity can disrupt the appropriate formation and development of functional properties of neurogenesis, which will play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of depression. However, the mechanisms of the crosstalk between microglia and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression are not yet fully understood. Therefore, in this review, we first introduce recent discoveries regarding the roles of microglia and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the etiology of depression. Then, we systematically discuss the possible mechanisms of how microglia regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression according to recent studies, which involve toll-like receptors, microglial polarization, fractalkine-C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis, etc. In addition, we summarize the promising drugs that could improve the adult hippocampal neurogenesis by regulating the microglia. These findings will help us understand the complicated pathological mechanisms of depression and shed light on the development of new treatment strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Fang
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Guo
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmiao Wan
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naijun Yuan
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, 2Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbei Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhi Hao
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Mo
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Fan
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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15
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Kinsara AJ, Sabbour H. Flash'O real-world evidence programme - Attitude and practices toward the use of omega-3 FA by physicians from Middle East Countries. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35416. [PMID: 37800826 PMCID: PMC10553087 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Flash'O project was designed to provide insights into the current use of prescription omega-3 and their perceived benefits by physicians in real-world clinical practice, in Russia, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, and Gulf countries, and to determine the adherence of physicians to dyslipidemia management guidelines. The present study focuses on Flash'O's process and results in Middle East countries. A total of 338 physicians and specialists completed the online questionnaire. Most responding physicians were male (91.7%), general practitioners (42.6%) with more than 5 years of seniority (80.4%) and saw more than 50 patients a week (71.5%). Most surveyed physicians (64.2%) reported using guidelines in their daily practice for the management of their patients with dyslipidemia. They mostly followed national guidelines (68.6%). American or European ones were less commonly used. Responding physicians thought that omega-3 supplementation could be more beneficial in all types of dyslipidemia, except high non- hight density lipoproteins, and for patients suffering from obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and high cardiovascular diseases risk (score ≥ 5% and < 10%), but less beneficial in chronic kidney disease. Respondents recommended omega-3 to their patients mainly after statin treatment in patients with dyslipidemia and for the treatment of dyslipidemia. This survey confirmed that omega-3 fatty acids are at the heart of the cardiovascular medical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhalim Jamal Kinsara
- Ministry of National Guard health affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, COM-WR, King Abdullah International Research center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Sabbour
- Heart and Vascular Institute, AL Maryah Island, Abu Dhabi Global Market Square, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Doughty KN, Blazek J, Leonard D, Barlow CE, DeFina LF, Omree Shuval, Farrell SW, Shuval K. Omega-3 index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cognitive function in mid-age and older adults. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102364. [PMID: 37601829 PMCID: PMC10432782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cell membranes (omega-3 index or O3I) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are each associated with reduced cognitive impairment, but little research has examined the relationship between O3I and cognitive function while accounting for CRF. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 5,464 healthy men and women aged 55-85 years who had preventive medical examinations between 2009 and 2023. Primary exposures included O3I (<4.0%, 4.0-7.9%, or ≥ 8.0%) and age- and sex-based CRF quintile (1 = low, 2-3 = moderate, 4-5 = high). Cognitive impairment was defined as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of ≤ 25. We used Poisson regression to estimate relative risks (RR) of cognitive impairment, controlling for covariates. O3I < 4% was associated with increased cognitive impairment relative to ≥ 8.0% (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01-1.44) in a partially adjusted model. This association did not remain statistically significant in the fully adjusted model which included CRF. Low versus high CRF was associated with cognitive impairment (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.07-1.53), independent of O3I and clinical biomarkers. The interaction between CRF and O3I was not significant (P = 0.8). In joint association analysis, risk of cognitive impairment was elevated with lower omega-3 index or CRF or both. Additional research is needed to fully understand the association between O3I and cognitive function at varying CRF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N. Doughty
- Marion Peckham Egan School of Nursing & Health Studies, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - Juliana Blazek
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David Leonard
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Laura F. DeFina
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Kerem Shuval
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
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17
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Rodrigues RBA, Zafalon RVA, Rentas MF, Risolia LW, Macedo HT, Perini MP, da Silva AMG, Marchi PH, Balieiro JCDC, Mendes WS, Vendramini THA, Brunetto MA. The Supplementation of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Concentrated Fish Oil Enhances Cognitive Function in Puppies. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2938. [PMID: 37760338 PMCID: PMC10525578 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has an important role in brain development and functionality. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of DHA-concentrated fish oil on the cognitive function of puppies. Twelve 3-month-old puppies were included, blocked by breed and randomly distributed into two groups: the Control Group (CG), without supplementation, and the Experimental Group (EG), supplemented with 40 mg DHA/kg BW/day. The object discrimination test was used, with a normal stage (NS) and a reverse stage (RS), and blood samples were collected to evaluate the serum polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) before (T0) and 30 (T1), 60 (T2) and 90 (T3) days after beginning the study. For the NS, there were effects of treatment (p = 0.0039) and time (p < 0.0001), in which the correct answer frequency in the EG was higher than the CG. The serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + HA concentrations at T1, T2 and T3 were higher than at T0 for the EG (p = 0.0159), in addition, EG showed higher serum EPA + DHA concentrations than CG at T2 (p = 0.0245). The TAC values were similar between the groups (p = 0.3211). It was concluded that the cognitive function of puppies can be enhanced with DHA-concentrated fish oil supplementation without increasing the serum lipid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bueno Ayres Rodrigues
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Larissa Wünsche Risolia
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Henrique Tobaro Macedo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Mariana Pamplona Perini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Amanda Maria Gomes da Silva
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Marchi
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | | | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
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Loong S, Barnes S, Gatto NM, Chowdhury S, Lee GJ. Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cognition, and Brain Volume in Older Adults. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1278. [PMID: 37759879 PMCID: PMC10526215 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The elderly population is growing at increased rates and is expected to double in size by 2050 in the United States and worldwide. The consumption of healthy foods and enriched diets have been associated with improved cognition and brain health. The key nutrients common to many healthy foods and diets are the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 FAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We explored whether omega-3 FA levels are associated with brain volume and cognition. Forty healthy, cognitively normal, Seventh-day Adventist older adults (mean age 76.3 years at MRI scan, 22 females) completed neurocognitive testing, a blood draw, and structural neuroimaging from 2016 to 2018. EPA and an overall omega-3 index were associated with individual measures of delayed recall (RAVLT-DR) and processing speed (Stroop Color) as well as entorhinal cortex thickness. EPA, DHA, and the omega-3 index were significantly correlated with the total white matter volume. The entorhinal cortex, frontal pole, and total white matter were associated with higher scores on delayed memory recall. This exploratory study found that among healthy, cognitively older adults, increased levels of omega-3 FAs are associated with better memory, processing speed, and structural brain measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Loong
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Samuel Barnes
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (S.B.)
| | - Nicole M. Gatto
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Shilpy Chowdhury
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (S.B.)
| | - Grace J. Lee
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
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Characterisation of the Paternal Influence on Intergenerational Offspring Cardiac and Brain Lipid Homeostasis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031814. [PMID: 36768137 PMCID: PMC9916277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that poor paternal diet at the time of conception increase the risk of offspring developing a range of non-communicable metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, in adulthood. We hypothesise that a paternal low protein-high carbohydrate diet perturbs offspring tissue lipid abundance through both sperm and seminal plasma-mediated mechanisms. To test our hypothesis, we fed male C57BL/6 mice either a control normal protein diet (NPD; 18% protein) or an isocaloric low protein diet (LPD; 9% protein) for a minimum of 8 weeks. We generated offspring through artificial insemination, in combination with vasectomised male mating. Using this approach, we derived offspring from either NPD or LPD sperm but in the presence of NPD or LPD seminal plasma. Using high resolution mass-spectrometry, we found that offspring derived from either LPD sperm or seminal fluid displayed perturbed cardiac and brain lipid abundance from just three weeks of age, typically associated with the altered abundance of tissue triglycerides. We also observed the differential sex-specific patterns of lipids between the control and experimental offspring's hearts and brains. These observations indicate that poor paternal diet at the time of conception affects offspring cardiac and brain lipid profiles in an age-, sex- and generation-specific manner.
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20
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Wang W, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhang J, Ru S. Bisphenol S Impairs Behaviors through Disturbing Endoplasmic Reticulum Function and Reducing Lipid Levels in the Brain of Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:582-594. [PMID: 36520979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The number of neurotoxic pollutants is increasing, but their mechanism of action is unclear. Here, zebrafish were exposed to 0, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L bisphenol S (BPS) for different durations beginning at 2 h postfertilization (hpf) to explore the neurotoxic mechanisms of BPS. Zebrafish larvae exposed to BPS displayed abnormal neurobehaviors. At 48 and 120 hpf, BPS inhibited yolk lipid consumption and reduced the lipid distribution in the zebrafish brain. Moreover, BPS downregulated the mRNA levels of genes involved in fatty acid elongation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and activated ER stress pathways at 48 and 120 hpf, and KEGG analysis after RNA-seq showed that the protein processing pathway in the ER was significantly enriched after BPS exposure. Exposure to ER toxicants (thapsigargin and tunicamycin), two positive controls, induced neurotoxic effects on zebrafish embryos and larvae similar to those of BPS exposure. These data suggested that BPS and ER toxicants disturbed ER function and reduced brain lipid levels. Continued exposure to BPS into adulthood not only inhibited brain fatty acid elongation and ER function but also caused abnormal swelling of the ER in zebrafish. Our data provide new insights into the neurotoxic mechanism of BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ze Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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21
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de Oliveira Otto MC, Wu JHY, Thacker EL, Lai HTM, Lemaitre RN, Padhye N, Song X, King IB, Lopez O, Siscovick DS, Mozaffarian D. Circulating Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia in Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:965-979. [PMID: 37638432 PMCID: PMC10765383 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprising nearly 35% of brain lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for optimal brain function. However, the role of PUFA on cognitive health outcomes later in life is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated prospective associations of plasma phospholipid omega-3 (ALA [18 : 3], EPA [20 : 5], DPA [22 : 5], DHA [22 : 6]) and omega-6 (LA [18 : 2], AA [20 : 4]) PUFA with cognitive decline, risk of cognitive impairment and dementia among adults aged≥65 years in the Cardiovascular Health Study. METHODS Circulating fatty acid concentrations were measured serially at baseline (1992/1993), 6 years, and 13 years later. Cognitive decline and impairment were assessed using the 100-point Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) up to 7 times. Clinical dementia was identified using adjudicated neuropsychological tests, and ICD-9 codes. RESULTS Among 3,564 older adults free of stroke and dementia at baseline, cognitive function declined annually by approximately -0.5 3MSE points; 507 participants developed cognitive impairment and 499 dementia over up to 23 years of follow-up. In multivariable models, higher circulating arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations were associated with slower cognitive decline and lower dementia risk, with associations growing stronger with greater length of follow-up (hazard ratio [HR,95% CI] of dementia per interquintile range, 0.74 [0.56-0.97] at 5 years, and 0.53 [0.37-0.77] at 15 years). Circulating docosapentaenoic (DPA) concentrations were associated with slower cognitive decline and lower risk of cognitive impairment (extreme-quintile HR, 0.72 [95% CI: 0.55, 0.95]). Findings were generally null or inconsistent for other omega-3 or omega-6 PUFA. CONCLUSION Circulating AA and DPA, but not other PUFA, are associated with slower rate of cognitive decline and lower risk of dementia or cognitive impairment later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia C de Oliveira Otto
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health and the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Evan L Thacker
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Heidi Tsz Mung Lai
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nikhil Padhye
- Center for Nursing Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Nursing, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Oscar Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburg School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | | | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Gao X, Su X, Han X, Wen H, Cheng C, Zhang S, Li W, Cai J, Zheng L, Ma J, Liao M, Ni W, Liu T, Liu D, Ma W, Han S, Zhu S, Ye Y, Zeng FF. Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Mental Disorders: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2217-2236. [PMID: 36041185 PMCID: PMC9776730 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids might be involved in the prevention of and improvement in mental disorders, but the evidence on these associations has not been comprehensively assessed. This umbrella review aimed to appraise the credibility of published evidence evaluating the associations between unsaturated fatty acids and mental disorders. In this umbrella review, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies comparing unsaturated fatty acids (including supplementation, dietary intake, and blood concentrations) in participants with mental disorders with healthy individuals were included. We reanalyzed summary estimates, between-study heterogeneity, predictive intervals, publication bias, small-study effects, and excess significance bias for each meta-analysis. Ninety-five meta-analyses from 29 systematic reviews were included, encompassing 43 studies on supplementation interventions, 32 studies on dietary factors, and 20 studies on blood biomarkers. Suggestive evidence was only observed for dietary intake, in which higher intake of fish was associated with reduced risk of depression (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.89) and Alzheimer disease (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.87), and higher intake of total PUFAs might be associated with a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.84). Evidence showed that PUFA supplementation was favorable but had weak credibility in anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia (P-random effects <0.001-0.040). There was also weak evidence on the effect of decreased circulating n-3 (ɷ-3) PUFAs among patients on risk of ADHD, ASD, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia (P-random effects <10-6-0.037). Our results suggest that higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids may relieve symptoms or reduce the risk of various mental disorders; however, the strength of the associations and credibility of the evidence were generally weak. Future high-quality research is needed to identify whether PUFA interventions should be prioritized to alleviate mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Gao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiyan Wen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanlin Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Junrong Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Minqi Liao
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wanze Ni
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shasha Han
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbin Ye
- Address correspondence to YY (E-mail: )
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Al-Moghazy M, El-Sayed HS, Abo-Elwafa GA. Co-encapsulation of probiotic bacteria, fish oil and pomegranate peel extract for enhanced white soft cheese. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Li M, Shi Q, Jiang X, Liu X, Han W, Fan X, Li P, Qi K. Paternal preconceptional diet enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids affects offspring brain function in mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:969848. [PMID: 36386900 PMCID: PMC9650249 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.969848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that paternal nutrition prior to conception may determine offspring development and health through epigenetic modification. This study aims to investigate the effects of paternal supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on the brain development and function, and associated gene imprinting in the offspring. Three to four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (founder) were fed with an n-3 PUFA-deficient diet (n-3 D), and two n-3 PUFA supplementation diets – a normal n-3 PUFA content diet (n-3 N) and a high n-3 PUFA content diet (n-3 H) for 12 weeks. Then they were mated to 10-week-old virgin female C57BL/6J mice to generate the offspring. The results showed that paternal n-3 PUFA supplementation in preconception reduced the anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, and improved sociability, learning and memory in the offspring, along with increased synaptic number, upregulated expressions of neuron specific enolase, myelin basic protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, and altered expressions of genes associated with mitochondria biogenesis, fusion, fission and autophagy. Furthermore, with paternal n-3 PUFA supplementation, the expression of imprinted gene Snrpn was downregulated both in testes of the founder mice and their offspring, but upregulated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, with altered DNA methylation in its differentially methylated region. The data suggest that higher paternal intake of n-3 PUFAs in preconception may help to maintain optimal brain development and function in the offspring, and further raise the possibility of paternal nutritional intervention for mental health issues in subsequent generations.
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Mediterranean Diet on Sleep: A Health Alliance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142998. [PMID: 35889954 PMCID: PMC9318336 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is a plant-based, antioxidant-rich, unsaturated fat dietary pattern that has been consistently associated with lower rates of noncommunicable diseases and total mortality, so that it is considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns. Clinical trials and mechanistic studies have demonstrated that the Mediterranean diet and its peculiar foods and nutrients exert beneficial effects against inflammation, oxidative stress, dysmetabolism, vascular dysfunction, adiposity, senescence, cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, and tumorigenesis, thus preventing age-associated chronic diseases and improving wellbeing and health. Nocturnal sleep is an essential physiological function, whose alteration is associated with health outcomes and chronic diseases. Scientific evidence suggests that diet and sleep are related in a bidirectional relationship, and the understanding of this association is important given their role in disease prevention. In this review, we surveyed the literature concerning the current state of evidence from epidemiological studies on the impact of the Mediterranean diet on nighttime sleep quantity and quality. The available studies indicate that greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with adequate sleep duration and with several indicators of better sleep quality. Potential mechanisms mediating the effect of the Mediterranean diet and its foods and nutrients on sleep are described, and gap-in-knowledge and new research agenda to corroborate findings are discussed.
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26
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Coccurello R, Marrone MC, Maccarrone M. The Endocannabinoids-Microbiota Partnership in Gut-Brain Axis Homeostasis: Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:869606. [PMID: 35721203 PMCID: PMC9204215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.869606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest years have witnessed a growing interest towards the relationship between neuropsychiatric disease in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and severe alterations in gut microbiota composition. In parallel, an increasing literature has focused the attention towards the association between derangement of the endocannabinoids machinery and some mechanisms and symptoms identified in ASD pathophysiology, such as alteration of neural development, immune system dysfunction, defective social interaction and stereotypic behavior. In this narrative review, we put together the vast ground of endocannabinoids and their partnership with gut microbiota, pursuing the hypothesis that the crosstalk between these two complex homeostatic systems (bioactive lipid mediators, receptors, biosynthetic and hydrolytic enzymes and the entire bacterial gut ecosystem, signaling molecules, metabolites and short chain fatty acids) may disclose new ideas and functional connections for the development of synergic treatments combining “gut-therapy,” nutritional intervention and pharmacological approaches. The two separate domains of the literature have been examined looking for all the plausible (and so far known) overlapping points, describing the mutual changes induced by acting either on the endocannabinoid system or on gut bacteria population and their relevance for the understanding of ASD pathophysiology. Both human pathology and symptoms relief in ASD subjects, as well as multiple ASD-like animal models, have been taken into consideration in order to provide evidence of the relevance of the endocannabinoids-microbiota crosstalk in this major neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Coccurello
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC), National Council of Research (CNR), Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Coccurello, ; Mauro Maccarrone,
| | - Maria Cristina Marrone
- Ministry of University and Research, Mission Unity for Recovery and Resilience Plan, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical and Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Coccurello, ; Mauro Maccarrone,
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27
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Decandia D, Landolfo E, Sacchetti S, Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Cutuli D. n-3 PUFA Improve Emotion and Cognition during Menopause: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091982. [PMID: 35565948 PMCID: PMC9100978 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Women show an increased risk of cognitive impairment and emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, when approaching menopause. Data on risk and protection factors have yielded robust evidence on the effects of lifestyle factors, such as diet, in preserving emotional and cognitive functioning. This review focused on the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on anxiety, depression, and cognition during the menopausal transition. This systematic review considered all articles published until 31 December 2021, and the search was performed on two databases, PubMed and Scopus. The fields of interest were "menopause", "n-3 PUFA" and "emotional and cognitive aspects". Out of the 361 articles found on PubMed and 283 on Scopus, 17 met inclusion criteria. They encompassed 11 human and 6 animal studies. Most studies reported relieved depressive symptoms in relation to n-3 PUFA intake. While controversial results were found on anxiety and cognition in humans, n-3 PUFA consistently reduced anxiety symptoms and improved cognition in animal studies. Taken together, n-3 PUFA intake shows beneficial effects on emotional and cognitive behaviours during menopause transition. However, further investigations could increase knowledge about the effectiveness of n-3 PUFA on psychological well-being in this delicate period of feminine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Decandia
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.L.); (S.S.); (F.G.); (L.P.); (D.C.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Eugenia Landolfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.L.); (S.S.); (F.G.); (L.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Stefano Sacchetti
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.L.); (S.S.); (F.G.); (L.P.); (D.C.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.L.); (S.S.); (F.G.); (L.P.); (D.C.)
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.L.); (S.S.); (F.G.); (L.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Debora Cutuli
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.L.); (S.S.); (F.G.); (L.P.); (D.C.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Hasselberg AE, Nøstbakken OJ, Aakre I, Madsen L, Atter A, Steiner-Asiedu M, Kjellevold M. Nutrient and contaminant exposure from smoked European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus): Implications for children's health in Ghana. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Curcumin and Quercetin-Loaded Lipid Nanocarriers: Development of Omega-3 Mucoadhesive Nanoemulsions for Intranasal Administration. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071073. [PMID: 35407191 PMCID: PMC9000715 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) and quercetin (QU) are potential compounds for treatment of brain diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases (ND) because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, low water solubility and poor bioavailability hinder their clinical use. In this context, nanotechnology arises as a strategy to overcome biopharmaceutical issues. In this work, we develop, characterize, compare, and optimize three different omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids nanoemulsions (NEs) loaded with CUR and QU (negative, cationic, gelling) prepared by two different methods for administration by intranasal route (IN). The results showed that formulations prepared with the two proposed methods exhibited good stability and were able to incorporate a similar amount of CUR and QU. On the other side, differences in size, zeta potential, in vitro release kinetics, and permeation/retention test were observed. Considering the two preparation methods tested, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) shows advantages, and the CQ NE- obtained demonstrated potential for sustained release. Toxicity studies demonstrated that the formulations were not toxic for Caenorhabditis elegans. The developed ω-3 fatty acid NEs have shown a range of interesting properties for the treatment of brain diseases, since they have the potential to increase the nose-to-brain permeation of CUR and QU, enabling enhanced treatments efficiency.
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Curcumin Alleviates DSS-Induced Anxiety-Like Behaviors via the Microbial-Brain-Gut Axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6244757. [PMID: 35345829 PMCID: PMC8957039 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6244757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The anxiety and depression caused by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are known to greatly affect the mental health of patients. The mechanism of psychiatric disorders caused by IBD is not fully understood. Previous research has suggested that the gut microbiome plays a key role in IBD. Curcumin is a yellow polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of the ginger plant, which has been shown to have effects against both depression and anxiety. Research has indicated that curcumin affects the gut microbiome and exerts antianxiety and neuroprotective effects through the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGB). However, whether curcumin can alleviate the psychiatric disorders caused by IBD and how curcumin affects the MGB axis through the gut microbiota have not been fully understood. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the metabolic parameters and microbiological environment in the peripheral and central nervous system to determine the effects of curcumin against anxiety induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) in mice. To elaborate on the link between the gut microbiota and how curcumin alleviates anxiety-like behaviors, we performed a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment. The results suggested that curcumin can effectively relieve anxiety-like behaviors caused by DSS in mice. Further, curcumin treatment can alleviate disturbances in the gut microbiota and systemic disorders of lipid metabolism caused by DSS. Finally, through FMT, we verified that curcumin increased phosphatidylcholine in the prefrontal cortex of the mice and alleviated DSS-induced anxiety-like behaviors by modulating specific gut microbiota. We also revealed that Muribaculaceae may be a key part of the gut microbiota for curcumin to alleviate DSS-induced anxiety-like behaviors through the MGB axis.
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Mabaya L, Matarira HT, Tanyanyiwa DM, Musarurwa C, Mukwembi J, Mudluli TE, Marera T. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition in Breast Milk Plasma of HIV-infected and Uninfected Mothers in Relation to Infant Clinical Outcomes. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388211072768. [PMID: 35153488 PMCID: PMC8829717 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211072768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The increased coverage of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services has significantly reduced paediatric HIV infection incidence. The aim of the study was to compare breast milk omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles of HIV infected and uninfected mothers and determine the association between fatty acid profiles and postnatal transmission of HIV, morbidity/mortality of HIV exposed and unexposed infants. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 57 HIV infected and 57 HIV uninfected lactating mothers was conducted in Gweru, Zimbabwe from July 2019 to March 2020. The women’s 114 babies (term and preterm) were also enrolled and stratified by HIV exposure and infection status. The mother-infant pairs were followed up at 6 weeks, 16 weeks and 6 months postpartum to determine, HIV transmission rate, breast milk polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles as well as infant clinical outcomes. Results: The mean breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels in HIV uninfected mothers (0.82 ± 0.92; 0.47 ± 0.75 μg/ml respectively) at 6 weeks postpartum were significantly higher compared to those of HIV infected mothers (0.33 ± 0.32; 0.08 ± 0.14 μg/ml) respectively. The same pattern was observed at 16 weeks postpartum in terms of DHA and EPA mean concentration. However, the arachidonic acid (AA) levels and AA/DHA ratio measured at 6 weeks postpartum were significantly higher in HIV infected mothers (2.31 ± 2.01; 17.18 ± 52.47 respectively) compared to HIV uninfected mothers (0.82 ± 0.54; 9.71 ± 21.80; P < .001). A higher morbidity rate was observed amongst HIV exposed infants than HIV unexposed infants (3.26 ± 0.13; 2.49 ± 0.09; P < .001) respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between AA and infant morbidity (r = .388; P < .001). Conclusion: Deficiencies in breast milk omega-3 fatty acids were observed in HIV infected women. Maintaining a healthy balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid diets is critical for breast feeding mothers regardless of their HIV status. The adverse clinical outcomes observed amongst HIV exposed infants emphasise their vulnerability under conditions of maternal universal antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Mabaya
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Hilda Tendisa Matarira
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Donald Moshen Tanyanyiwa
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand/ National Health Laboratory Services, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cuthbert Musarurwa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Johannes Mukwembi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Taona Emmah Mudluli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Tatenda Marera
- Scientific and Industrial Research and Development Centre, Hatcliffe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Egerton S, Donoso F, Fitzgerald P, Gite S, Fouhy F, Whooley J, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Culloty SC, Ross RP, Stanton C. Investigating the potential of fish oil as a nutraceutical in an animal model of early life stress. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 25:356-378. [PMID: 32734823 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1753322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Early life stress is a key predisposing factor for depression and anxiety disorders. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI) are frequently used as the first line of pharmacology treatment for depression but have several negative qualities, i.e. a delay or absence of effectiveness and negative side-effects. Therefore, there is a growing need for new nutraceutical-based strategies to blunt the effects of adverse-life events.Objectives: This study aimed to use the maternal separation model in rats to test the efficacy of fish oil dietary supplementation, on its own and in conjunction with the SSRI anti-depressant fluoxetine, as a treatment for depressive and anxiety-like symptoms associated with early life stress.Methods: Behavioural tests (open field test, elevated plus maze test and forced swim test) and biochemical markers (corticosterone, BDNF, brain fatty acids and short chain fatty acids) were used to analyse the effects of the dietary treatments. Gut microbial communities and relating metabolites (SCFA) were analysed to investigate possible changes in the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Results: Maternally separated rats showed depressive-like behaviours in the forced swim and open field tests. These behaviours were prevented significantly by fluoxetine administration and in part by fish oil supplementation. Associated biochemical changes reported include altered brain fatty acids, significantly lower plasma corticosterone levels (AUC) and reduced brain stem serotonin turnover, compared to untreated, maternally separated (MS) rats. Untreated MS animals had significantly lower ratios of SCFA producers such as Caldicoprobacteraceae, Streptococcaceae, Rothia, Lachnospiraceae_NC2004_group, and Ruminococcus_2, along with significantly reduced levels of total SCFA compared to non-separated animals. Compared to untreated MS animals, animals fed fish oil had significantly higher Bacteroidetes and Prevotellaceae and reduced levels of butyrate, while fluoxetine treatment resulted in significantly higher levels of Neochlamydia, Lachnoclostridium, Acetitomaculum and Stenotrophomonas and, acetate and propionate.Conclusion: Despite the limitations in extrapolating from animal behavioural data and the notable differences in pharmacokinetics between rodents and humans, the results of this study provide a further advancement into the understanding of some of the complex systems within which nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals effect the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Egerton
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francisco Donoso
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Snehal Gite
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Biomarine Ingredients Ireland Ltd., Monaghan, Ireland
| | - Fiona Fouhy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason Whooley
- Biomarine Ingredients Ireland Ltd., Monaghan, Ireland
| | - Ted G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah C Culloty
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
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Becktel DA, Zbesko JC, Frye JB, Chung AG, Hayes M, Calderon K, Grover JW, Li A, Garcia FG, Tavera-Garcia MA, Schnellmann RG, Wu HJJ, Nguyen TVV, Doyle KP. Repeated Administration of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (HPβCD) Attenuates the Chronic Inflammatory Response to Experimental Stroke. J Neurosci 2022; 42:325-348. [PMID: 34819339 PMCID: PMC8802936 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0933-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, more than 67 million people are living with the effects of ischemic stroke. Importantly, many stroke survivors develop a chronic inflammatory response that may contribute to cognitive impairment, a common and debilitating sequela of stroke that is insufficiently studied and currently untreatable. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) is an FDA-approved cyclic oligosaccharide that can solubilize and entrap lipophilic substances. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the repeated administration of HPβCD curtails the chronic inflammatory response to stroke by reducing lipid accumulation within stroke infarcts in a distal middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model of stroke. To achieve this goal, we subcutaneously injected young adult and aged male mice with vehicle or HPβCD 3 times per week, with treatment beginning 1 week after stroke. We evaluated mice at 7 weeks following stroke using immunostaining, RNA sequencing, lipidomic, and behavioral analyses. Chronic stroke infarct and peri-infarct regions of HPβCD-treated mice were characterized by an upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and a downregulation of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity, reactive astrogliosis, and chemotaxis. Correspondingly, HPβCD reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and plasma cells in stroke infarcts. Repeated administration of HPβCD also preserved NeuN immunoreactivity in the striatum and thalamus and c-Fos immunoreactivity in hippocampal regions. Additionally, HPβCD improved recovery through the protection of hippocampal-dependent spatial working memory and reduction of impulsivity. These results indicate that systemic HPβCD treatment following stroke attenuates chronic inflammation and secondary neurodegeneration and prevents poststroke cognitive decline.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dementia is a common and debilitating sequela of stroke. Currently, there are no available treatments for poststroke dementia. Our study shows that lipid metabolism is disrupted in chronic stroke infarcts, which causes an accumulation of uncleared lipid debris and correlates with a chronic inflammatory response. To our knowledge, these substantial changes in lipid homeostasis have not been previously recognized or investigated in the context of ischemic stroke. We also provide a proof of principle that solubilizing and entrapping lipophilic substances using HPβCD could be an effective strategy for treating chronic inflammation after stroke and other CNS injuries. We propose that using HPβCD for the prevention of poststroke dementia could improve recovery and increase long-term quality of life in stroke sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Becktel
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Jacob C Zbesko
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Jennifer B Frye
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Amanda G Chung
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Megan Hayes
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Kylie Calderon
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Jeffrey W Grover
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Anna Li
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Frankie G Garcia
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | | | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Hsin-Jung Joyce Wu
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Thuy-Vi V Nguyen
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Kristian P Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
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Yan Z, Zhong Y, Yin Y, Duan Y, Wang W, Zhang L, Guo Q, Chen Q, Li F. Effects of Dietary Tea Powder on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Tibetan Pig × Bama Miniature Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3225. [PMID: 34827958 PMCID: PMC8614359 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of tea powder in diets on the growth performance, meat quality, muscular amino acid, fatty acid profile, and serum biochemical indices of pigs. A total of 120 local Chinese pigs (Tibetan × Bama miniature pigs) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups, each with six pens and four pigs per pen. During a 60-day experiment, these groups of pigs were fed the normal diet and the diet supplemented with 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6% tea powder, respectively. The results showed that the supplementation of tea powder did not affect the growth performance of pigs. However, the dietary tea powder inclusion decreased (p < 0.05) the average fat thickness, total fat, and abdominal fat, and increased (p < 0.05) the total muscle as well. In addition, the dietary 2% tea powder decreased (p < 0.05) the muscle lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*). Compared with the control group, the dietary supplementation with 1%, 2%, and 4% tea powder raised (p < 0.05) the total amino acids (TAA) and essential amino acids (EAA), and dietary 4% and 6% tea powder increased (p < 0.05) the C20:5n3 in the muscle tissue. Furthermore, the serum lipid metabolism-related biochemical indices and mRNA expression levels were improved with the addition of tea powder. These results indicated that dietary tea powder might improve the carcass traits and meat quality of the Chinese native finishing pigs, but it does not affect their growth performance. Tea powder could be fully developed and reasonably applied as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - Yunju Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410018, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Passeri E, Elkhoury K, Jiménez Garavito MC, Desor F, Huguet M, Soligot-Hognon C, Linder M, Malaplate C, Yen FT, Arab-Tehrany E. Use of Active Salmon-Lecithin Nanoliposomes to Increase Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Bioavailability in Cortical Neurons and Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11859. [PMID: 34769291 PMCID: PMC8584305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) play an important role in the development, maintenance, and function of the brain. Dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFAs in neurological diseases has been a subject of particular interest in preventing cognitive deficits, and particularly in age-related neurodegeneration. Developing strategies for the efficient delivery of these lipids to the brain has presented a challenge in recent years. We recently reported the preparation of n-3 PUFA-rich nanoliposomes (NLs) from salmon lecithin, and demonstrated their neurotrophic effects in rat embryo cortical neurons. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of these NLs to deliver PUFAs in cellulo and in vivo (in mice). NLs were prepared using salmon lecithin rich in n-3 PUFAs (29.13%), and characterized with an average size of 107.90 ± 0.35 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.25 ± 0.01, and a negative particle-surface electrical charge (-50.4 ± 0.2 mV). Incubation of rat embryo cortical neurons with NLs led to a significant increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (51.5%, p < 0.01), as well as palmitic acid, and a small decrease in oleic acid after 72 h (12.2%, p < 0.05). Twenty mice on a standard diet received oral administration of NLs (12 mg/mouse/day; 5 days per week) for 8 weeks. Fatty acid profiles obtained via gas chromatography revealed significant increases in cortical levels of saturated, monounsaturated, and n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid,) and n-6 (docosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid) PUFAs. This was not the case for the hippocampus or in the liver. There were no effects on plasma lipid levels, and daily monitoring confirmed NL biocompatibility. These results demonstrate that NLs can be used for delivery of PUFAs to the brain. This study opens new research possibilities in the development of preventive as well as therapeutic strategies for age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Passeri
- LIBio Laboratory, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (E.P.); (K.E.); (M.C.J.G.); (M.L.)
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (F.D.); (M.H.); (C.S.-H.); (C.M.)
| | - Kamil Elkhoury
- LIBio Laboratory, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (E.P.); (K.E.); (M.C.J.G.); (M.L.)
| | | | - Frédéric Desor
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (F.D.); (M.H.); (C.S.-H.); (C.M.)
| | - Marion Huguet
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (F.D.); (M.H.); (C.S.-H.); (C.M.)
| | - Claire Soligot-Hognon
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (F.D.); (M.H.); (C.S.-H.); (C.M.)
| | - Michel Linder
- LIBio Laboratory, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (E.P.); (K.E.); (M.C.J.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Catherine Malaplate
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (F.D.); (M.H.); (C.S.-H.); (C.M.)
| | - Frances T. Yen
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (F.D.); (M.H.); (C.S.-H.); (C.M.)
| | - Elmira Arab-Tehrany
- LIBio Laboratory, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (E.P.); (K.E.); (M.C.J.G.); (M.L.)
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Comparative Fatty Acid Profiling of Edible Fishes in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102456. [PMID: 34681503 PMCID: PMC8535710 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the relative nutritional benefit of edible Malaysian fishes from the coast of Terengganu in Malaysia, as well as to perform a taxonomical characterization and metal assessment. Discrimination between species was carried out by a morphological and molecular approach by evaluating the total concentrations of metals by ICP-MS analyses and the fatty acids (FA) composition using the GC–MS approach on the fish fillet tissues. The taxonomical studies detected fishes of 11 families and 13 species. The heavy metal assessment showed that all detected elements did not exceed the regulatory limit stated by Malaysian Food Regulations. The proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) ranged from 33 to 58.34%, followed by the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) values from 24 to 51.8%, and the lowest proportion was of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), ranging from 12.7 to 35.9%. The ω-3/ω-6 PUFA and PUFA/SFA ratios were determined in the range 1.1 to 7.4 and 0.35 to 1.6, respectively. The C20:5 ω-3 and C22:6 ω-3 acids were detected at levels comparable to those found in the corresponding species from similar tropical marine ecosystems. The high FA values can be useful biochemical tools for comparing the relative nutritional benefits of these biodiverse and non-toxic edible Malaysian fishes.
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Dietary and supplemental long-chain omega-3 fatty acids as moderators of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:589-604. [PMID: 34392394 PMCID: PMC8854294 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose There is an ever-growing body of literature examining the relationship between dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) and cerebral structure and function throughout life. In light of this, the use of ω3 PUFAs, namely, long-chain (LC) ω3 PUFAs (i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate cognitive impairment, and progression to Alzheimer’s disease is an attractive prospect. This review aims to summarise evidence reported by observational studies and clinical trials that investigated the role of LC ω3 PUFAs against cognition impairment and future risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Methods Studies were identified in PubMed and Scopus using the search terms “omega-3 fatty acids”, “Alzheimer’s disease” and “cognition”, along with common variants. Inclusion criteria included observational or randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with all participants aged ≥ 50 years that reported on the association between LC ω3 PUFAs and cognitive function or biological markers indicative of cognitive function linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Results Evidence from 33 studies suggests that dietary and supplemental LC ω3 PUFAs have a protective effect against cognitive impairment. Synaptic plasticity, neuronal membrane fluidity, neuroinflammation, and changes in expression of genes linked to cognitive decline have been identified as potential targets of LC ω3 PUFAs. The protective effects LC ω3 PUFAs on cognitive function and reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease were supported by both observational studies and RCTs, with RCTs suggesting a more pronounced effect in individuals with early and mild cognitive impairment. Conclusion The findings of this review suggest that individuals consuming higher amounts of LC ω3 PUFAs are less likely to develop cognitive impairment and that, as a preventative strategy against Alzheimer’s disease, it is most effective when dietary LC ω3 PUFAs are consumed prior to or in the early stages of cognitive decline. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02655-4.
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Gene Expression Profile in Different Age Groups and Its Association with Cognitive Function in Healthy Malay Adults in Malaysia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071611. [PMID: 34199148 PMCID: PMC8304476 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of cognitive aging at the molecular level is complex and not well understood. Growing evidence suggests that cognitive differences might also be caused by ethnicity. Thus, this study aims to determine the gene expression changes associated with age-related cognitive decline among Malay adults in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 healthy Malay subjects, aged between 28 and 79, and recruited around Selangor and Klang Valley, Malaysia. Gene expression analysis was performed using a HumanHT-12v4.0 Expression BeadChip microarray kit. The top 20 differentially expressed genes at p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) = 1.2 showed that PAFAH1B3, HIST1H1E, KCNA3, TM7SF2, RGS1, and TGFBRAP1 were regulated with increased age. The gene set analysis suggests that the Malay adult's susceptibility to developing age-related cognitive decline might be due to the changes in gene expression patterns associated with inflammation, signal transduction, and metabolic pathway in the genetic network. It may, perhaps, have important implications for finding a biomarker for cognitive decline and offer molecular targets to achieve successful aging, mainly in the Malay population in Malaysia.
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Marriott BP, Turner TH, Hibbeln JR, Newman JC, Pregulman M, Malek AM, Malcolm RJ, Burbelo GA, Wismann JW. Impact of Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cognitive Performance among United States (US) Military Officers: The Ranger Resilience and Improved Performance on Phospholipid-Bound Omega-3's (RRIPP-3) Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061854. [PMID: 34072293 PMCID: PMC8228047 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have assessed omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive decline among older adults and cognitive development among children, although less is known about cognitive or neurological effects among young adults. We examined whether omega-3 supplementation from krill oil could improve cognition and resilience among young military officers compared to a control. This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 555 officers (mean age 23.4 ± 2.8, 98.6% male) entering the United States (US) Army Infantry Basic Officer Leaders Course (IBOLC) with the intention to complete the US Ranger Course. Volunteer participants consumed eight dietary supplements daily of krill oil containing 2.3 g omega-3 or control (macadamia nut oil) over an approximate 20-week period. Cognitive functioning, resilience, and mood were assessed during a well-rested period at approximately 14 weeks and after a battlefield simulation at 16 weeks. Blood spot samples were collected to monitor compliance and dietary intake was assessed. All hypotheses were tested using both ‘Intention to Treat’ (ITT) and ‘As Per Protocol’ (APP) approaches. Of the 555 randomized individuals, 245 (44.1%) completed the study. No statistically significant group-by-time interactions indicating treatment effect were found on any outcomes. Poor compliance was indicated by lower than expected omega-3 elevations in the treatment group, and may have contributed to a failure to detect a response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette P. Marriott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-843-696-3208
| | - Travis H. Turner
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 301 CSB, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Joseph R. Hibbeln
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Barton Health, 2209 Second Avenue, South Lake Tahoe, CA 96150, USA;
| | - Jill C. Newman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Marcie Pregulman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, CSB, HE814, MSC629, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Angela M. Malek
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303C, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Robert J. Malcolm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Gregory A. Burbelo
- LTC, Infantry, United States Army, 432 Lee Road.2069, Smiths Station, AL 36877, USA;
| | - Jeffrey W. Wismann
- Major, US Army Battalion Operations Officer, 4-23 Infantry Regiment, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98433, USA;
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Tharmatt A, Thakur S, Singh A, Kaur M, Shahtaghi NR, Malhotra D, Jain SK. Olive oil and oleic acid-based self nano-emulsifying formulation of omega-3-fatty acids with improved strength, stability, and therapeutics. J Microencapsul 2021; 38:298-313. [PMID: 33863269 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2021.1914760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop, characterise, and optimise SNEDDS formulation to enhance organoleptics, bioavailability, physical & oxidative-stability, and extend shelf-life of pure Ω-3-fatty acids oil for use in the food fortification industry as nutraceuticals. METHODS SNEDDS formulations were prepared using a simple stirring technique and optimised based on in-vitro characterisation. RESULTS The optimised SNEDDS formulation (F3) had a mean diameter of 52.9 ± 0.4 nm, PDI of 0.229 ± 0.02, zeta potential of -17.3 ± 0.1 mV, cloud temperature of 92 ± 0.2 °C, self-emulsification time of 50 ± 0.2 sec, and stable under accelerated stability conditions. Intestinal permeability study on rat ileum depicted absorption of 88.5 ± 0.2% DHA at 5 h for F3 formulation in comparison to 61.5 ± 0.2% for commercial counterpart. F3 formulation exhibited better therapeutics for melamine-induced cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The developed Ω-3-loaded SNEDDS heralds the future for an efficacious, safer, and higher strength formulation intended as a better substitute for currently available formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Tharmatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Amrinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Manjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Navid Reza Shahtaghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Divay Malhotra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Kamel R, Salama A, Shaffie NM, Salah NM. Cerebral effect of optimized Allium sativum oil-loaded chitosan nanorods: GC-MS analysis and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Food Funct 2021; 11:5357-5376. [PMID: 32463028 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02911g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemical constituents of Allium sativum (garlic) oil were investigated using the GC/MS technique after silylation, and the presence of several fatty acids and their esters was revealed. The most dominant was 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid), a precursor of arachidonic acid, which is essential for brain development. Garlic oil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GCNs) were prepared to enhance its cerebral effects, and to mask its odor and taste. Two-level orthogonal factorial design, followed by regression analysis, was used to study the influence of different formulation variables. GCN3, the formula with the smallest particle size and the highest mucoadhesion, was selected as the optimized one. Transmission electron microscopy showed that GCN3 has a short nanorod-shape outline. We aimed to investigate the influence of orally administered GCN3 compared to the plain garlic oil (GO), on ciprofloxacin-induced (CPX) neurotoxicity in rats and the probable underlying mechanisms. The results show the significantly higher neurological curative effect of GCN3 compared to GO, and its greater antidepression-like and antianxiety-like potential via the alteration of brain neurotransmitter levels and inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. The histopathological examination showed the higher capability of GCN3 to repair the damage induced by CPX in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus area and substantia nigra brain sections. Similar results were proved immunohistochemically using Cox-2 antibody. The nanoencapsulation of GO represents a promising strategy for brain-targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Bohooth Street, Giza (P.O. 12622), Egypt.
| | - Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Nesma M Salah
- Chemistry of Natural Products Department, National Research Centre, Egypt
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Morgese MG, Schiavone S, Bove M, Colia AL, Dimonte S, Tucci P, Trabace L. N-3 PUFA Prevent Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Beta-Amyloid-Induced Toxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040339. [PMID: 33917814 PMCID: PMC8068120 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are involved in brain disorders associated to amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity for which oxidative stress, neurochemical dysfunctions, and neuroinflammation are underlying mechanisms. Here, mechanisms through which lifelong exposure to n-3 PUFA-enriched or n-6/n-3 balanced diets could elicit a protective role in a rat model of Aβ-induced toxicity were investigated. To this aim, we quantified hippocampal reactive oxygen species (ROS) amount, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and interleukin-10 levels, NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1, NOX2, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione contents, as well as plasmatic malondialdehyde. Moreover, in the same experimental groups, we assessed tryptophan, serotonin, and its turnover, kynurenine, and noradrenaline amounts. Results showed increased hippocampal ROS and NOX2 levels, serotonin turnover, kynurenine, and noradrenaline contents in Aβ-treated rats. Both n-6/n-3 balanced and n-3 PUFA enriched diets reduced ROS production, NOX1 and malondialdehyde levels, serotonin turnover, and kynurenine amount in Aβ-injected rats, while increasing NOX2, superoxide dismutase 1, and serotonin contents. No differences in plasmatic coenzyme Q10, reduced glutathione (GSH) and tryptophan levels were detected among different experimental groups, whereas GSH + oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were increased in sham animals fed with n-3 PUFA enriched diet and in Aβ-treated rats exposed to both n-6/n-3 balanced and n-3 enriched diets. In addition, Aβ-induced decrease of interleukin-10 levels was prevented by n-6/n-3 PUFA balanced diet. N-3 PUFA enriched diet further increased interleukin-10 and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. In conclusion, our data highlight the possible neuroprotective role of n-3 PUFA in perturbation of oxidative equilibrium induced by Aβ-administration.
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Lamarre J, Cheema SK, Robertson GJ, Wilson DR. Omega-3 fatty acids accelerate fledging in an avian marine predator: a potential role of cognition. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.235929. [PMID: 33462136 PMCID: PMC7929930 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.235929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Consuming omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) during development improves cognition in mammals, but the effect remains untested in other taxa. In aquatic ecosystems, n-3 LCPUFAs are produced by phytoplankton and bioaccumulate in the food web. Alarmingly, the warming and acidification of aquatic systems caused by climate change impair n-3 LCPUFA production, with an anticipated decrease of 80% by the year 2100. We tested whether n-3 LCPUFA consumption affects the physiology, morphology, behaviour and cognition of the chicks of a top marine predator, the ring-billed gull. Using a colony with little access to n-3 LCPUFAs, we supplemented siblings from 22 fenced nests with contrasting treatments from hatching until fledging; one sibling received n-3 LCPUFA-rich fish oil and the other, a control sucrose solution without n-3 LCPUFAs. Halfway through the nestling period, half the chicks receiving fish oil were switched to the sucrose solution to test whether n-3 LCPUFA intake remains crucial past the main growth phase (chronic versus transient treatments). Upon fledging, n-3 LCPUFAs were elevated in the blood and brains of chicks receiving the chronic treatment, but were comparable to control levels among those receiving the transient treatment. Across the entire sample, chicks with elevated n-3 LCPUFAs in their tissues fledged earlier despite their morphology and activity levels being unrelated to fledging age. Fledging required chicks to escape fences encircling their nest. We therefore interpret fledging age as a possible indicator of cognition, with chicks with improved cognition fledging earlier. These results provide insight into whether declining dietary n-3 LCPUFAs will compromise top predators' problem-solving skills, and thus their ability to survive in a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Lamarre
- Cognitive and Behavioural Ecology Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada, A1B 3X9
| | - Sukhinder Kaur Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada, A1B 3X9
| | - Gregory J Robertson
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Mount Pearl, NL, Canada, A1N 4T3
| | - David R Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada, A1B 3X9
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Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and academic performance in adolescents: Does BMI status moderate this association? Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4465-4472. [PMID: 33495088 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period for neurodevelopment, it is characterised by the establishment of behavioural patterns that can affect children's physical, mental and cognitive health, both immediately and later in life. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present research was to examine the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeD) and academic performance, as well as to analyze the moderating role of body mass index (BMI) status in this relationship. METHODS This cross-sectional study had a total 1290 adolescents (13.07 ± 0.82 years old, 714 boys and 576 girls) aged 12-14 years were included in this study. Adherence to the MeD was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index. Academic performance was assessed through school records using four subjects: language, mathematics, English and grade point average (GPA). RESULTS Results showed a positive association between adherence to the MeD and all academic indicators after adjusting for potential confounders (β ranging from 0.165 to 0.213, all p < 0.001). The group of good adherence to the MeD had significantly higher scores in all the academic indicators compared with the poor/average group (p < 0.01). No interaction was found between BMI status and adherence to MeD in relation to academic indicators (all p > 0.340). These differences remained significant for both normal weight and overweight/obesity groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that adherence to the MeD may be positively associated academic performance on adolescents regardless, of BMI status.
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Dietary fatty acids modulate cortisol concentrations and social dominance during social confrontations in adolescent male guinea pigs. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 123:105045. [PMID: 33242725 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and related glucocorticoid concentrations regulate physiology and behavior, which can be modulated by nutritional conditions, particularly by the dietary fatty acid composition. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to promote hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis functions, whereas saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in general produce adverse effects and even increase baseline glucocorticoid concentrations. Glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol) were further documented to modulate the establishment of dominance relationships, while the involvement of dietary fatty acids remains understudied. This study focused on different effects of PUFAs and SFAs on cortisol concentrations and social dominance in male guinea pigs. Three groups of animals were maintained on diets high in PUFAs (10 % w/w walnut oil), SFAs (10 % w/w coconut fat), or on an untreated control diet starting already prenatally. During adolescence, at an age of 60, 90, and 120 days, each individual's saliva cortisol concentrations and hierarchy index (calculated by initiated and received agonistic behavior) were measured during basal group housing conditions and stressful social confrontations with unfamiliar individuals of the other groups. SFA males showed highest baseline cortisol concentrations, lowest cortisol responses to social confrontations, and became subdominant. PUFA and control males showed significant cortisol responses. However, while control males became dominant during social confrontations, the hierarchy index in PUFA males decreased with age. Individual hierarchy indices during consecutive social confrontations revealed a high consistency. The findings presented here indicate that dietary fatty acids differently affect HPA-axis functions and social dominance but the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined.
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Zhang A, Guan Z, Ockerman K, Dong P, Guo J, Wang Z, Yan D. Regulation of glial size by eicosapentaenoic acid through a novel Golgi apparatus mechanism. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3001051. [PMID: 33370778 PMCID: PMC7793280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of cell growth is essential for the development of the brain, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of glial and neuronal size are poorly understood. To investigate the mechanisms involved in glial size regulation, we used Caenorhabditis elegans amphid sheath (AMsh) glia as a model and show that a conserved cis-Golgi membrane protein eas-1/GOLT1B negatively regulates glial growth. We found that eas-1 inhibits a conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase rnf-145/RNF145, which, in turn, promotes nuclear activation of sbp-1/ SREBP, a key regulator of sterol and fatty acid synthesis, to restrict cell growth. At early developmental stages, rnf-145 in the cis-Golgi network inhibits sbp-1 activation to promote the growth of glia, and when animals reach the adult stage, this inhibition is released through an eas-1-dependent shuttling of rnf-145 from the cis-Golgi to the trans-Golgi network to stop glial growth. Furthermore, we identified long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), as downstream products of the eas-1-rnf-145-sbp-1 pathway that functions to prevent the overgrowth of glia. Together, our findings reveal a novel and potentially conserved mechanism underlying glial size control. The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of glial and neuronal size are poorly understood. This study in nematodes reveals eicosapentaenoic acid as the downstream product of a pathway that functions to prevent the overgrowth of glia, suggesting a novel and potentially conserved mechanism underlying glial size control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kyle Ockerman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Pengyuan Dong
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Regeneration Next Initiative, and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yasseen DG, Waly NE, Abdulghani KO. Polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation can improve specific language impairment in preschool children: a pilot study. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-020-0158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Speech and language are one of the higher cognitive brain functions. Language delay is one of the major concerns of child health in Egypt. Speech therapy is the standard management in language delay.
Objective
We aimed to investigate the potential role of dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in improving specific language impairment.
Subjects and methods
A total of 220 children (ages 3–4) were included in this study at the Phonetics Department, Helwan School of Medicine, Egypt, during the period from 2015 to 2018. Children received comprehensive neurological examination and intelligence quotient (IQ) test to exclude the other causes of language delay. Language evaluation was performed using the Arabic language test. They either received family counseling, speech therapy (45 min; 3 times a week for 16 weeks), and PUFA supplementation 500 mg twice daily (group A) or only counseling and speech therapy (group B). Language quotient (LQ) was calculated before and after treatment.
Results
Our results show that LQ significantly improved in group A compared with group B (p < 0.004).
Conclusion
Dietary supplementation with PUFA has a beneficial role in the management of specific language impairment along with speech therapy.
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Cutuli D, Landolfo E, Nobili A, De Bartolo P, Sacchetti S, Chirico D, Marini F, Pieroni L, Ronci M, D'Amelio M, D'Amato FR, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Petrosini L. Behavioral, neuromorphological, and neurobiochemical effects induced by omega-3 fatty acids following basal forebrain cholinergic depletion in aged mice. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:150. [PMID: 33198763 PMCID: PMC7667851 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background In recent years, mechanistic, epidemiologic, and interventional studies have indicated beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) against brain aging and age-related cognitive decline, with the most consistent effects against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) confined especially in the early or prodromal stages of the pathology. In the present study, we investigated the action of n-3 PUFA supplementation on behavioral performances and hippocampal neurogenesis, volume, and astrogliosis in aged mice subjected to a selective depletion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Such a lesion represents a valuable model to mimic one of the most reliable hallmarks of early AD neuropathology. Methods Aged mice first underwent mu-p75-saporin immunotoxin intraventricular lesions to obtain a massive cholinergic depletion and then were orally supplemented with n-3 PUFA or olive oil (as isocaloric control) for 8 weeks. Four weeks after the beginning of the dietary supplementation, anxiety levels as well as mnesic, social, and depressive-like behaviors were evaluated. Subsequently, hippocampal morphological and biochemical analyses and n-3 PUFA brain quantification were carried out. Results The n-3 PUFA treatment regulated the anxiety alterations and reverted the novelty recognition memory impairment induced by the cholinergic depletion in aged mice. Moreover, n-3 PUFA preserved hippocampal volume, enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and reduced astrogliosis in the hippocampus. Brain levels of n-3 PUFA were positively related to mnesic abilities. Conclusions The demonstration that n-3 PUFA are able to counteract behavioral deficits and hippocampal neurodegeneration in cholinergically depleted aged mice promotes their use as a low-cost, safe nutraceutical tool to improve life quality at old age, even in the presence of first stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy. .,University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenia Landolfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,University "Campus Bio-Medico", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola De Bartolo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Doriana Chirico
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Federica Marini
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,University "Campus Bio-Medico", Rome, Italy
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Peng S, Peng Z, Qin M, Huang L, Zhao B, Wei L, Ning J, Tuo QH, Yuan TF, Shi Z, Liao DF. Targeting neuroinflammation: The therapeutic potential of ω-3 PUFAs in substance abuse. Nutrition 2020; 83:111058. [PMID: 33360033 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse is a chronic relapsing disorder that results in serious health and socioeconomic issues worldwide. Addictive drugs induce long-lasting morphologic and functional changes in brain circuits and account for the formation of compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors. Yet, there remains a lack of reliable therapy. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicated that neuroinflammation was implicated in the development of drug addiction. Findings from both our and other laboratories suggest that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are effective in treating neuroinflammation-related mental diseases, and indicate that they could exert positive effects in treating drug addiction. Thus, in the present review, we summarized and evaluated recently published articles reporting the neuroinflammation mechanism in drug addiction and the immune regulatory ability of ω-3 PUFAs. We also sought to identify some of the challenges ahead in the translation of ω-3 PUFAs into addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuang Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin-Hui Tuo
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhe Shi
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China.
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China.
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Yu X, Chu M, Chu C, Du Y, Shi J, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Yan N. Wild rice (Zizania spp.): A review of its nutritional constituents, phytochemicals, antioxidant activities, and health-promoting effects. Food Chem 2020; 331:127293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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