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Khoury RD, Minhoto GB, de Barros PP, Junqueira JC, Gagliardi CF, do Prado RF, Valera MC. Systemic administration of propranolol reduces bone resorption and inflammation in apical periodontitis of chronically stressed rats. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 39003599 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of systemic administration of propranolol on the severity of apical periodontitis (AP) in chronically stressed rats. METHODOLOGY Twenty-four 70-day-old male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus) were distributed into three groups (n = 8): rats with AP without stressful conditions (AP-Control), rats with AP and submitted to a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) protocol (AP + S) and rats with AP and submitted to a CUS protocol treated with propranolol (AP + S + PRO). Stress procedures were applied daily until the end of the experiment. After 3 weeks of CUS, AP was induced in all groups by exposing the pulpal tissue of mandibular and maxillary first molars to the oral environment. Propranolol treatment was administered orally once a day for the entire period of the experiment. Rats were sacrificed at 42 days, and the blood was collected for stress biomarkers serum dosage by multiplex assay. Mandibles were removed and submitted to microtomography and histopathological analyses. Periapical tissue surrounding the upper first molar was homogenized and subjected to RT-PCR analysis to evaluate the mRNA expression of RANKL, TRAP and OPG. Parametric data were assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test while the nonparametric data were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test. Significance level was set at 5% (p < .05) for all assessed parameters. RESULTS Micro-CT revealed statistically significant differences in bone resorption which was greater in the AP + S group (p < .05), but no differences were observed between the Control and AP + S + PRO groups (p > .05). The AP + S + PRO group had a lower intensity and extent of inflammatory infiltrate compared to the AP + S group with smaller areas of bone loss (p < 0.05). The gene expression of RANKL and TRAP was significantly higher in the stressed group AP + S compared to the control group (p < .05), and a significantly higher OPG expression was observed in AP + S + PRO compared to the AP + S group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of propranolol had a significant effect on the AP severity in stressed rats, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect and a protective role on bone resorption of AP in stressed animals. Further research is necessary to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayana Duarte Khoury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Fedel Gagliardi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Falchete do Prado
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Carneiro Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sato T, Sugaya T, Talukder AH, Tsushima Y, Sasaki S, Uchida K, Sato T, Ikoma Y, Sakimura K, Fukuda A, Matsui K, Itoi K. Dual action of serotonin on local excitatory and inhibitory neural circuits regulating the corticotropin-releasing factor neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13351. [PMID: 37901949 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Serotonergic neurons originating from the raphe nuclei have been proposed to regulate corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Since glutamate- and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing neurons, constituting the hypothalamic local circuits, innervate PVH CRF neurons, we examined whether they mediate the actions of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) on CRF neurons. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) or spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) were recorded in PVH CRF neurons, under whole cell patch-clamp, using the CRF-modified yellow fluorescent protein (Venus) ΔNeo mouse. Serotonin elicited an increase in the frequency of sEPSCs in 77% of the cells and a decrease in the frequency of sIPSCs in 71% of the cells, tested in normal medium. Neither the amplitude nor decay time of sEPSC and sIPSC was affected, thus the site(s) of action of serotonin may be presynaptic. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), serotonin had no significant effects on either parameter of sEPSC or sIPSC, indicating that the effects of serotonin are action potential-dependent, and that the presynaptic interneurons are largely intact within the slice; distant neurons may exist, though, since some 20%-30% of neurons did not respond to serotonin without TTX. We next examined through what receptor subtype(s) serotonin exerts its effects on presynaptic interneurons. DOI (5-HT2A/2C agonist) mimicked the action of serotonin on the sIPSCs, and the serotonin-induced decrease in sIPSC frequency was inhibited by a selective 5-HT2C antagonist RS102221. 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A/7 agonist) mimicked the action of serotonin on the sEPSCs, and the serotonin-induced increase in sEPSC frequency was inhibited by a selective 5-HT7 antagonist SB269970. Thus, serotonin showed a dual action on PVH CRF neurons, by upregulating glutamatergic- and downregulating GABAergic interneurons; the former may partly be mediated by 5-HT7 receptors, whereas the latter by 5-HT2C receptors. The CRF-Venus ΔNeo mouse was useful for the electrophysiological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sato
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuma Sugaya
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ashraf Hossain Talukder
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsushima
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shotaro Sasaki
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsuya Uchida
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoko Ikoma
- Super-Network Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuo Fukuda
- Department of Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ko Matsui
- Super-Network Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiichi Itoi
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Super-Network Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan
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3
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Bauer MB, Currie KPM. Serotonin and the serotonin transporter in the adrenal gland. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 124:39-78. [PMID: 38408804 PMCID: PMC11217909 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The adrenal glands are key components of the mammalian endocrine system, helping maintain physiological homeostasis and the coordinated response to stress. Each adrenal gland has two morphologically and functionally distinct regions, the outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex is organized into three concentric zones which secrete steroid hormones, including aldosterone and cortisol. Neural crest-derived chromaffin cells in the medulla are innervated by preganglionic sympathetic neurons and secrete catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) and neuropeptides into the bloodstream, thereby functioning as the neuroendocrine arm of the sympathetic nervous system. In this article we review serotonin (5-HT) and the serotonin transporter (SERT; SLC6A4) in the adrenal gland. In the adrenal cortex, 5-HT, primarily sourced from resident mast cells, acts as a paracrine signal to stimulate aldosterone and cortisol secretion through 5-HT4/5-HT7 receptors. Medullary chromaffin cells contain a small amount of 5-HT due to SERT-mediated uptake and express 5-HT1A receptors which inhibit secretion. The atypical mechanism of the 5-HT1A receptors and interaction with SERT fine tune this autocrine pathway to control stress-evoked catecholamine secretion. Receptor-independent signaling by SERT/intracellular 5-HT modulates the amount and kinetics of transmitter release from single vesicle fusion events. SERT might also influence stress-evoked upregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase transcription. Transient signaling via 5-HT3 receptors during embryonic development can limit the number of chromaffin cells found in the mature adrenal gland. Together, this emerging evidence suggests that the adrenal medulla is a peripheral hub for serotonergic control of the sympathoadrenal stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Bauer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, South Broadway, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Kevin P M Currie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, South Broadway, Camden, NJ, United States.
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4
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Grassi D, Marraudino M, Garcia-Segura LM, Panzica GC. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus as a central hub for the estrogenic modulation of neuroendocrine function and behavior. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100974. [PMID: 34995643 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) help coordinate reproduction with body physiology, growth and metabolism. PVN integrates hormonal and neural signals originating in the periphery, generating an output mediated both by its long-distance neuronal projections, and by a variety of neurohormones produced by its magnocellular and parvocellular neurosecretory cells. Here we review the cyto-and chemo-architecture, the connectivity and function of PVN and the sex-specific regulation exerted by estradiol on PVN neurons and on the expression of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, neuropeptides and neurohormones in PVN. Classical and non-classical estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in neuronal afferents to PVN and in specific PVN interneurons, projecting neurons, neurosecretory neurons and glial cells that are involved in the input-output integration and coordination of neurohormonal signals. Indeed, PVN ERs are known to modulate body homeostatic processes such as autonomic functions, stress response, reproduction, and metabolic control. Finally, the functional implications of the estrogenic modulation of the PVN for body homeostasis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grassi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Marraudino
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - L M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - G C Panzica
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Torino, Italy; Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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5
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Smvk P, Kommu S, Yadav D, Kondeti S, Kalashikam RR, Natarajan S. Effect of different dietary fats on inflammation and glucose intolerance in high fructose and high fat fed experimental animals. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 43:307-314. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Diet is the major modifiable risk factor for the onset of insulin resistance and its progression into diabetes. In the present study the effect of various dietary fats on inflammatory homeostasis and glucose tolerance is investigated in high fat and high fructose fed mice model.
Methods
C57/BL6J mice were divided into four groups and fed a casein-based diet containing high fructose (45%) and high fat (24%) (clarified butter oil [CBO]; safflower oil [SFFO] and lard oil [LO]) for 120 days; oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), plasma lipid profile and plasma & adipose tissue cytokines levels were compared with the control diet (10% groundnut oil and 59.5% starch) fed animals.
Results
The total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in CBO and LO fed animals with glucose intolerance and increased body weights; liver and white adipose tissue weights were higher in CBO and LO fed animals respectively. CBO feeding increased the plasma (IFN-γ) and adipose tissue cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 & TNF-α). LO feeding increased plasma IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β and adipose tissue IL-6. SFFO feeding decreased body weight and tissue cytokines and increased plasma IFN-γ levels without causing impairment in the glucose tolerance.
Conclusions
Consumption of a high fructose and high fat diet which mimic the present-day dietary pattern resulted in altered inflammatory homeostasis and impairment in glucose tolerance in 24% CBO and LO fed animals. The deleterious effects of high fructose feeding were reversed in SFFO fed mice possibly due to the presence of oleic and linoleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Smvk
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Animal Facility , ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Srinivasulu Kommu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Animal Facility , ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Dinesh Yadav
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Animal Facility , ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Suresh Kondeti
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Animal Facility , ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Rajender Rao Kalashikam
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Animal Facility , ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Saravanan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry , ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , Chennai , India
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Paasonen J, Stenroos P, Laakso H, Pirttimäki T, Paasonen E, Salo RA, Tanila H, Idiyatullin D, Garwood M, Michaeli S, Mangia S, Gröhn O. Whole-brain studies of spontaneous behavior in head-fixed rats enabled by zero echo time MB-SWIFT fMRI. Neuroimage 2022; 250:118924. [PMID: 35065267 PMCID: PMC9464759 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the link between the brain activity and behavior is a key challenge in modern neuroscience. Behavioral neuroscience, however, lacks tools to record whole-brain activity in complex behavioral settings. Here we demonstrate that a novel Multi-Band SWeep Imaging with Fourier Transformation (MB-SWIFT) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approach enables whole-brain studies in spontaneously behaving head-fixed rats. First, we show anatomically relevant functional parcellation. Second, we show sensory, motor, exploration, and stress-related brain activity in relevant networks during corresponding spontaneous behavior. Third, we show odor-induced activation of olfactory system with high correlation between the fMRI and behavioral responses. We conclude that the applied methodology enables novel behavioral study designs in rodents focusing on tasks, cognition, emotions, physical exercise, and social interaction. Importantly, novel zero echo time and large bandwidth approaches, such as MB-SWIFT, can be applied for human behavioral studies, allowing more freedom as body movement is dramatically less restricting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Paasonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petteri Stenroos
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Neuroscience, Grenoble, France
| | - Hanne Laakso
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Pirttimäki
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Paasonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raimo A Salo
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Djaudat Idiyatullin
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Michael Garwood
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Shalom Michaeli
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Moreno-Martínez S, Tendilla H, Sandoval V, Flores G, Terrón JA. Chronic restraint stress induces anxiety-like behavior and remodeling of dendritic spines in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Behav Brain Res 2021; 416:113523. [PMID: 34390801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the anxiogenic effects of chronic stress do not correlate with dendritic remodeling in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). We analyzed the effect of chronic restraint stress (CRS; 20 min/day for 14 days), relative to control (CTRL) conditions on anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the open field tests, and dendritic morphology, dendritic spine density and spine type numbers in pyramidal neurons of the CeA. Reversal of CRS-induced effects was explored in animals allowed a 14-day stress-free recovery after treatments. CRS decreased the frequency and time in the open arms and increased the anxiety index in the EPM, and reduced visits and time in the center of the open field. Morphological assays in these animals revealed no effect of CRS on dendritic complexity in CeA neurons; however, a decrease in dendritic spine density together with decreased and increased amounts of mushroom and thin spines, respectively, was detected. Subsequent to a stress-free recovery, a significant reduction in open arm entries together with an increased anxiety index was detected in CRS-exposed animals; open field parameters did not change significantly. A decreased density of total dendritic spines, in parallel with higher and lower numbers of thin and stubby spines, respectively, was observed in CeA neurons. Results suggest that CRS-induced anxiety-like behavior might be accounted for by a reduction in synaptic connectivity of the CeA. This effect, which is long lasting, could mediate the persisting anxiogenic effects of chronic stress after exposure to it has ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidel Moreno-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City, Mexico
| | - Hiram Tendilla
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Vicente Sandoval
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D. F., Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - José A Terrón
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City, Mexico.
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Roustazade R, Radahmadi M, Yazdani Y. Therapeutic effects of saffron extract on different memory types, anxiety, and hippocampal BDNF and TNF-α gene expressions in sub-chronically stressed rats. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:192-206. [PMID: 34165393 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1943138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: While stress reportedly impairs memory, saffron enhances it. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of saffron extract on different memory types, anxiety-like behavior, and expressions of BDNF and TNF-α genes in sub-chronically stressed rats.Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to control, restraint stress (6 h/day/7 days), two 7-days saffron treatments with 30 and 60 mg/kg, and two stress-saffron groups (30 and 60 mg/kg/7 post-stress days). Serum cortisol level and hippocampal BDNF and TNF-α gene expressions were measured. Open field, passive avoidance, novel object recognition, and object location tests were performed to assess anxiety-like behavior and avoidance as well as cognitive and spatial memories, respectively.Results: The low saffron dose in the sub-chronic stressed group led to a significant increase in passive avoidance latency from day 3 onward whereas this effect was observed after 7 days under the high-dose treatment that simultaneously led to a significant decline in serum cortisol level. While the low saffron dose led to a sharp drop in hippocampal TNF-α gene expression, the high dose significantly increased the hippocampal BDNF gene expression in the sub-chronic stress group. Finally, both saffron doses reduced anxiety in the stressed groups.Conclusion: Compared to the low saffron dose, the high dose had a latent but long-lasting impact. Cognitive and spatial memories remained unaffected by either stress or saffron treatment. In addition, only the high saffron dose reversed anxiety in the sub-chronically stressed group. These findings suggest that various doses of saffron act differently on different brain functions under sub-chronic stress conditions.Abbreviations: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), novel object recognition task (NORT), novel object location task (NOLT), open field test (OFT), passive avoidance (PA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Roustazade
- Medical Students' Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Radahmadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Yazdani
- Medical Students' Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Arikawe AP, Rorato RC, Gomes N, Elias LL, Anselmo-Franci J. Hormonal and neural responses to restraint stress in an animal model of perimenopause in female rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12976. [PMID: 33900672 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the hormonal and neural responses to stress in a perimenopause animal model induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), which induces progressive follicular depletion in rodents, allowing studies on the transition to ovarian failure. Female rats, aged 28 days old, were s.c. injected for 15 consecutive days with corn oil or VCD. At 85 ± 5 days after the onset of treatment, the jugular vein was cannulated in the afternoon of metoestrus and in next morning (dioestrus) at 10.00 am, rats were subjected to 30 minutes of restraint stress. Blood samples were withdrawn before (-5 minutes), during (2, 5, 15 and 30 minutes) and after (45, 60 and 90 minutes) stress and plasma prolactin, progesterone and corticosterone levels were measured. Animals were perfused, brains processed for c-Fos/tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the locus coeruleus (LC) and c-Fos/corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). In unstressed rats the density of β-endorphin fibres was assessed in LC and PVN. In VCD-treated rats, stress-induced prolactin peak was higher, basal and peak progesterone levels were lower, and both levels of corticosterone were similar to controls. However, the recovery period was longer for both adrenal hormones. In VCD-treated rats the number of c-Fos/TH and c-Fos/CRF-immunoreactive neurones was higher whereas the density of β-endorphin fibres was lower in LC and PVN. We surmise that the hyperactivity of the LC and PVN neurones in VCD-treated rats may be a result of the lower progesterone levels that resulted in the decrease of β-endorphin content in both nuclei, thus impairing the negative-feedback mechanism in the recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesina Paul Arikawe
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Basic and Oral Biology Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Rodrigo César Rorato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathali Gomes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucila Leico Elias
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Anselmo-Franci
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Basic and Oral Biology Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sheng JA, Bales NJ, Myers SA, Bautista AI, Roueinfar M, Hale TM, Handa RJ. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: Development, Programming Actions of Hormones, and Maternal-Fetal Interactions. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:601939. [PMID: 33519393 PMCID: PMC7838595 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.601939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a complex system of neuroendocrine pathways and feedback loops that function to maintain physiological homeostasis. Abnormal development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can further result in long-term alterations in neuropeptide and neurotransmitter synthesis in the central nervous system, as well as glucocorticoid hormone synthesis in the periphery. Together, these changes can potentially lead to a disruption in neuroendocrine, behavioral, autonomic, and metabolic functions in adulthood. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of the HPA axis and its development. We will also examine the maternal-fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and disruption of the normal fetal environment which becomes a major risk factor for many neurodevelopmental pathologies in adulthood, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julietta A. Sheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Natalie J. Bales
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sage A. Myers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Anna I. Bautista
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mina Roueinfar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Taben M. Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Robert J. Handa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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11
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Shanker S, Saroj N, Cordova EJ, Jarillo-Luna RA, López-Sánchez P, Terrón JA. Chronic restraint stress induces serotonin transporter expression in the rat adrenal glands. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110935. [PMID: 32659440 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic restraint stress (CRS) magnifies restraint-induced corticosterone secretion through a mechanism involving increased adrenocortical 5-HT content and turnover. We analysed the impact of CRS on serotonin transporter (SERT) expression and distribution in rat adrenal glands. Male Wistar rats were submitted to CRS (20 min/day) or undisturbed control conditions for 14 days. Exposure to CRS induced a remarkable increase in SERT-like immunoreactivity in the adrenal cortex, which closely matched that of chromogranin A immunostaining, along with a significant increase in SERT protein and mRNA levels in whole adrenals as determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-PCR assays, respectively; all these CRS-induced changes occurred almost exclusively in left adrenals. Closely similar results were obtained in animals that received a 14-day chronic corticosterone treatment. These results unravel an interesting association between chronic stress exposure and SERT expression in adrenocortical chromogranin A-positive cells, which seems to be a glucocorticoid-dependent phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Shanker
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Sto. Tomás, CP 11340, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Neeshu Saroj
- Departamento de Farmacología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, col. La Laguna Ticomán, CP 07360, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Emilio J Cordova
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, col. Arenal Tepepan, CP 14610, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rosa A Jarillo-Luna
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Sto. Tomás, CP 11340, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Pedro López-Sánchez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Sto. Tomás, CP 11340, CDMX, Mexico
| | - José A Terrón
- Departamento de Farmacología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, col. La Laguna Ticomán, CP 07360, CDMX, Mexico.
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12
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Sakhri FZ, Adachi N, Zerizer S, Ohashi Y, Ikemoto H, Tsukada M, Kabouche Z, Hisamitsu T, Sunagawa M. Behavioral and neurological improvement by Cydonia oblonga fruit extract in chronic immobilization stress rats. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2074-2084. [PMID: 33205508 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It is known that chronic stress is a contributing factor to several physical and mental diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of hydroethanolic extract of Cydonia oblonga fruit (HECO, 300 mg/kg) in chronically immobilized rats on physiological and behavioral parameters by the open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swimming test (FST) and on neurological alterations by analysis of the hippocampal neurogenesis. A daily 6 hr exposure to chronic immobilization stress (CIS) for 21 consecutive days induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in rats' concomitant with decreased weight gain and increased plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, rats also showed atrophy in the CA3 subregion of the hippocampus and a decreased number of Ki67 and DCX positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). Treatment with HECO successfully suppressed the physiological and behavioral markers of the CIS and prevents the structural abnormality and the impaired cell proliferation in the hippocampus. Moreover, the daily administration of HECO improved the mood function in normal rats. Taking together, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the anti-depressive effect of C. oblonga fruit by enhancing the hippocampal neurogenesis in the rat model of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Z Sakhri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Université Des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria.,Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques, Université Des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Naoki Adachi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Sakina Zerizer
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Université Des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Yusuke Ohashi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ikemoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Mana Tsukada
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques, Université Des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Tadashi Hisamitsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
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13
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Sowa J, Hess G. Prenatal stress-related alterations in synaptic transmission and 5-HT 7 receptor-mediated effects in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus are ameliorated by the 5-HT 7 receptor antagonist SB 269970. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3295-3305. [PMID: 32402149 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Early life adversity exerts a detrimental influence on developing brain neuronal networks and its consequences may include mental health disorders. In rats, prenatal stress may lead to anxiety and depressive-like behavior in the offspring. Several lines of evidence implicated an involvement of prenatal stress in alterations of the brain serotonergic system functions, but the effects of prenatal stress on its core, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), still remain incompletely understood. The present study was aimed at finding whether prenatal stress induces modifications in the glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to DRN projection cells and whether it affects DRN 5-HT7 receptors, which modulate activity of these synapses. Prenatal stress resulted in an increase in basal frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and in a decrease in basal frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) recorded from putative projection neurons in DRN slices ex vivo. While there were no changes in the excitability of DRN projection neurons, the 5-HT7 receptor-mediated reduction in the sEPSC frequency and rise in the sIPSC frequency, seen in control rats, were largely absent in slices obtained from prenatally stressed rats. Repeated administration of SB 269970, a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, resulted in a reversal of prenatal stress-induced alterations in 5-HT7 receptor-mediated effects on the sEPSC/sIPSC frequency. Moreover, the treatment reversed prenatal stress-induced alterations in basal excitatory transmission and partially reversed the effect of stress on basal inhibitory transmission in the DRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sowa
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hess
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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14
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Smvk P, M N M, D M DY, Kondeti S, Kalashikam RR. Strain specific variation underlines the disparity in stress response of rats to calorie dense diets in the pathophysiology of obesity. Steroids 2020; 160:108653. [PMID: 32407856 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder, caused mainly due to lifestyle changes, and increased consumption of calorie dense diets is not just limited to developed countries anymore. Chronic physiological stress and oxidative stress are known to be implicated in the etiology of obesity. However, the role of stress response towards obesity manifestation in genetically different rat strains is poorly understood. In the current study we have used obesity susceptible & resistant rat models to understand the role of both glucocorticoid and oxidativestress in the pathophysiology of obesity. Upon challenge with calorie dense diets, WNIN showed an increased glucocorticoid stress, resulting in increased oxidative stress; whereas such a phenomenon was not noticed in F-344 and SD. However, there was an increase in the circulatory melatonin levels in calorie dense fed groups of both F-344 and SD animals, which might have contributed to reduced oxidative stress. The molecular switch in the activation of melatonin could be possibly attributed to the genetic differences among these strains. It will be interesting to explore other molecular mechanisms for melatonin regulation, albeit increased corticosterone is implicated in the enhanced production of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Smvk
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Muralidhar M N
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Dinesh Yadav D M
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Kondeti
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Rajender Rao Kalashikam
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
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15
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Ilchibaeva TV, Tsybko AS, Kondaurova EM, Kovetskaya AI, Kozhemyakina RV, Naumenko VS. Expression Patterns of Serotonin Receptors 1А and 7 in the Brain of Rats with Genetically Determined Fear-Induced Aggressive Behavior or the Lack of Aggression. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Le Mestre J, Duparc C, Reznik Y, Bonnet-Serrano F, Touraine P, Chabre O, Young J, Suzuki M, Sibony M, Gobet F, Stratakis CA, Raverot G, Bertherat J, Lefebvre H, Louiset E. Illicit Upregulation of Serotonin Signaling Pathway in Adrenals of Patients With High Plasma or Intra-Adrenal ACTH Levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4967-4980. [PMID: 31074783 PMCID: PMC6937520 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In the human adrenal, serotonin (5-HT), released by mast cells stimulates corticosteroid secretion through activation of type 4 serotonin receptors (5-HT4R). In primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease cells, activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway by PRKAR1A mutations triggers upregulation of the 5-HT synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and the 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors. Because ACTH stimulates cortisol secretion through activation of PKA, adrenocortical tissues exposed to sustained stimulation by ACTH may harbor increased expression of TPH and 5-HT4/6/7 receptors. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of long-term ACTH stimulation on the serotonergic pathway in adrenals of patients with high plasma or intra-adrenal ACTH levels. METHODS Adrenal tissues were obtained from patients with Cushing disease, ectopic secretion of ACTH [paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome; (paraCS)], 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD), primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with intra-adrenal ACTH presence, or cortisol-producing adenomas. TPH and 5-HT4/6/7 receptor expression was investigated using RT-PCR and immunochemistry in comparison with normal adrenals. Primary cultured adrenocortical cells originating from a patient with paraCS were incubated with 5-HT and 5-HTR agonists/antagonists. RESULTS TPH and/or 5-HT4/6/7 receptors were overexpressed in the different types of tissues. In paraCS cultured cells, the cortisol response to 5-HT was exaggerated compared with normal adrenal cells and the stimulatory action of 5-HT was reduced by 5-HT4R antagonist. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that prolonged activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway by ACTH induces an aberrant serotonergic stimulatory loop in the adrenal cortex that likely participates in the pathogenesis of corticosteroid hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Mestre
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Duparc
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Yves Reznik
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
- Hormonal Biology Laboratory, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, INSERMU1016, CNRSUMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Chabre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, INSERM, U1036, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Young
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HP, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mari Suzuki
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mathilde Sibony
- Institut Cochin, INSERMU1016, CNRSUMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Gobet
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gérald Raverot
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, INSERMU1016, CNRSUMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Hervé Lefebvre, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, University of Rouen, INSERM U1239, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France. E-mail:
| | - Estelle Louiset
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
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17
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Saroj N, Shanker S, Fernández-Parilla MA, López-Sánchez P, Terrón JA. Effect of chronic corticosterone treatment on expression and distribution of serotonin 5-HT7 receptors in rat adrenal glands. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:924-931. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sensitized stress-induced corticosterone (CORT) secretion in chronically stressed rats involves 5-HT7 receptor activation. The effect of 14-day chronic CORT and vehicle (VEH) administration on 5-HT7 receptor expression in adrenal glands, adrenal 5-HT content, and adrenocorticotropic hormone and CORT secretion was analysed. On day 15, VEH- and CORT-treated animals were perfused or decapitated without stress exposure (0 min) or after 10 and 30 min of restraint for collection of trunk blood and tissues. 5-HT7 receptor-like immunoreactivity (5-HT7R-LI), 5-HT7 receptor protein, and mRNA levels were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays, respectively; 5-HT levels and hormones were quantified using HPLC and ELISA kits, respectively. An undisturbed control group was included for most experimental comparisons. Chronic CORT strongly increased 5-HT7R-LI in the outer adrenal cortex, as well as 5-HT7 receptor protein and mRNA in whole adrenal glands; adrenal 5-HT content also increased in these animals. Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone and CORT secretion at 30 min of restraint occurred in CORT-treated rats. The results support the notion that chronic stress-induced increase of adrenocortical 5-HT7 receptors and adrenal 5-HT content is a glucocorticoid-dependent phenomenon; the development of magnified stress-induced 5-HT7 receptor-mediated CORT responses in chronically stressed animals nevertheless likely involves additional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeshu Saroj
- Departamento de Farmacología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, col. La Laguna Ticomán, CP 07360, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Shiv Shanker
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Sto Tomás, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manuel A. Fernández-Parilla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, col. La Laguna Ticomán, CP 07360, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Pedro López-Sánchez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Sto Tomás, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José A. Terrón
- Departamento de Farmacología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, col. La Laguna Ticomán, CP 07360, CDMX, Mexico
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18
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Blattner KM, Canney DJ, Pippin DA, Blass BE. Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of the 5-HT 7 Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:89-119. [PMID: 30020772 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that serotonin (5-HT) exerts its pharmacological effects through a series of 5-HT receptors. The most recently identified member of this family, 5-HT7, was first identified in 1993. Over the course of the last 25 years, this receptor has been the subject of intense investigation, and it has been demonstrated that 5-HT7 plays an important role in a wide range of pharmacological processes. As a result of these findings, modulation of 5-HT7 activity has been the focus of numerous drug discovery and development programs. This review provides an overview of the roles of 5-HT7 in normal physiology and the therapeutic potential of this interesting drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Blattner
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Daniel J. Canney
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Douglas A. Pippin
- Praeventix, LLC, 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 200H, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | - Benjamin E. Blass
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
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19
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Sowa J, Kusek M, Siwiec M, Sowa JE, Bobula B, Tokarski K, Hess G. The 5-HT 7 receptor antagonist SB 269970 ameliorates corticosterone-induced alterations in 5-HT 7 receptor-mediated modulation of GABAergic transmission in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:3381-3390. [PMID: 30267130 PMCID: PMC6267141 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic stress and corticosterone have been shown to affect serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission; however, the influence of stress on the activity of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), the main source of 5-HT in the forebrain, is not well understood. In particular, it is unknown if and how stress modifies DRN 5-HT7 receptors, which are involved in the modulation of the firing of local inhibitory interneurons responsible for regulating the activity of DRN projection cells. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to investigate the effect of repeated corticosterone injections on the modulation of the inhibitory transmission within the DRN by 5-HT7 receptors and whether it could be reversed by treatment with a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist. METHODS Male Wistar rats received corticosterone injections repeated twice daily for 14 days. Spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) were then recorded from DRN projection cells in ex vivo slice preparations obtained 24 h after the last injection. RESULTS Repeated corticosterone administration resulted in decreased frequency, but not amplitude, of sIPSCs in DRN projection cells. There were no changes in the excitability of these cells; however, corticosterone treatment suppressed the 5-HT7 receptor-mediated increase in sIPSC frequency. Administration of the 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB 269970 for 7 days beginning on the eighth day of corticosterone treatment reversed the detrimental effects of corticosterone on 5-HT7 receptor reactivity and GABAergic transmission in the DRN. CONCLUSIONS Elevated corticosterone level reduces DRN 5HT7 receptor reactivity and decreases GABAergic transmission within the DRN, which can be reversed by the 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB 269970.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sowa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kusek
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwiec
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Ewa Sowa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bobula
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tokarski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hess
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
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20
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Yeung EW, Craggs JG, Gizer IR. Comorbidity of Alcohol Use Disorder and Chronic Pain: Genetic Influences on Brain Reward and Stress Systems. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1831-1848. [PMID: 29048744 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly comorbid with chronic pain (CP). Evidence has suggested that neuroadaptive processes characterized by reward deficit and stress surfeit are involved in the development of AUD and pain chronification. Neurological data suggest that shared genetic architecture associated with the reward and stress systems may contribute to the comorbidity of AUD and CP. This monograph first delineates the prevailing theories of the development of AUD and pain chronification focusing on the reward and stress systems. It then provides a brief summary of relevant neurological findings followed by an evaluation of evidence documented by molecular genetic studies. Candidate gene association studies have provided some initial support for the genetic overlap between AUD and CP; however, these results must be interpreted with caution until studies with sufficient statistical power are conducted and replications obtained. Genomewide association studies have suggested a number of genes (e.g., TBX19, HTR7, and ADRA1A) that are either directly or indirectly related to the reward and stress systems in the AUD and CP literature. Evidence reviewed in this monograph suggests that shared genetic liability underlying the comorbidity between AUD and CP, if present, is likely to be complex. As the advancement in molecular genetic methods continues, future studies may show broader central nervous system involvement in AUD-CP comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen W Yeung
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Jason G Craggs
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,School of Health Professions, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ian R Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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21
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Bram Z, Louiset E, Ragazzon B, Renouf S, Wils J, Duparc C, Boutelet I, Rizk-Rabin M, Libé R, Young J, Carson D, Vantyghem MC, Szarek E, Martinez A, Stratakis CA, Bertherat J, Lefebvre H. PKA regulatory subunit 1A inactivating mutation induces serotonin signaling in primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e87958. [PMID: 27699247 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare cause of ACTH-independent hypercortisolism. The disease is primarily caused by germline mutations of the protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit 1A (PRKAR1A) gene, which induces constitutive activation of PKA in adrenocortical cells. Hypercortisolism is thought to result from PKA hyperactivity, but PPNAD tissues exhibit features of neuroendocrine differentiation, which may lead to stimulation of steroidogenesis by abnormally expressed neurotransmitters. We hypothesized that serotonin (5-HT) may participate in the pathophysiology of PPNAD-associated hypercortisolism. We show that PPNAD tissues overexpress the 5-HT synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase type 2 (Tph2) and the serotonin receptors types 4, 6, and 7, leading to formation of an illicit stimulatory serotonergic loop whose pharmacological inhibition in vitro decreases cortisol production. In the human PPNAD cell line CAR47, the PKA inhibitor H-89 decreases 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 receptor expression. Moreover, in the human adrenocortical cell line H295R, inhibition of PRKAR1A expression increases the expression of Tph2 and 5-HT4/6/7 receptors, an effect that is blocked by H-89. These findings show that the serotonergic process observed in PPNAD tissues results from PKA activation by PRKAR1A mutations. They also suggest that Tph inhibitors may represent efficient treatments of hypercortisolism in patients with PPNAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariae Bram
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U982, Laboratoire Differenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Estelle Louiset
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U982, Laboratoire Differenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- INSERM, U1016, University Paris V, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Renouf
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U982, Laboratoire Differenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Julien Wils
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U982, Laboratoire Differenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Céline Duparc
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U982, Laboratoire Differenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Boutelet
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U982, Laboratoire Differenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Rossella Libé
- INSERM, U1016, University Paris V, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Young
- University Paris Sud, INSERM Unité 693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Dennis Carson
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- CHU Lille, Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm U1190 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Eva Szarek
- Section of Endocrinology and Genetics, PDEGEN, NICHD, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Antoine Martinez
- CNRS UMR6247, INSERM U931, Gred, Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | | | - Jérôme Bertherat
- INSERM, U1016, University Paris V, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U982, Laboratoire Differenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, 76000 Rouen, France.,Department of Endocrinology, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
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22
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Abstract
In this review, nonassociative learning is advanced as an organizing principle to draw together findings from both sympathetic-adrenal medullary and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis responses to chronic intermittent exposure to a variety of stressors. Studies of habituation, facilitation and sensitization of stress effector systems are reviewed and linked to an animal's prior experience with a given stressor, the intensity of the stressor and the appraisal by the animal of its ability to mobilize physiological systems to adapt to the stressor. Brain pathways that regulate physiological and behavioral responses to stress are discussed, especially in light of their regulation of nonassociative processes in chronic intermittent stress. These findings may have special relevance to various psychiatric diseases, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard McCarty
- a Department of Psychology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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23
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Lefebvre H, Duparc C, Prévost G, Zennaro MC, Bertherat J, Louiset E. Paracrine control of steroidogenesis by serotonin in adrenocortical neoplasms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:198-204. [PMID: 25433205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is able to activate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis via multiple actions at different levels. In the human adrenal gland, 5-HT, released by subcapsular mast cells, stimulates corticosteroid production through a paracrine mode of communication which involves 5-HT receptor type 4 (5-HT4) primarily located in zona glomerulosa. As a result, 5-HT is much more efficient to stimulate aldosterone secretion than cortisol release in vitro and administration of 5-HT4 receptor agonists to healthy individuals is followed by an increase in plasma aldosterone levels without any change in plasma cortisol concentrations. Interestingly, adrenocortical hyperplasias and tumors responsible for corticosteroid hypersecretion exhibit various cellular and molecular defects which tend to reinforce the intraadrenal serotonergic tone. These pathophysiological mechanisms, which are summarized in the present review, include an increase in adrenal 5-HT production and overexpression of 5-HT receptors in adrenal neoplastic tissues. Altogether, these data support the concept of adrenal serotonergic paracrinopathy and suggest that 5-HT and its receptors may constitute valuable targets for pharmacological treatments of primary adrenal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lefebvre
- INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Differentiation & Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication, IRIB, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France.
| | - C Duparc
- INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Differentiation & Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication, IRIB, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - G Prévost
- INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Differentiation & Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication, IRIB, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - M C Zennaro
- INSERM, UMRS 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - J Bertherat
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Cochin and Cochin Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris V, Paris, France
| | - E Louiset
- INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Differentiation & Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication, IRIB, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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24
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Macedo IC, Rozisky JR, Oliveira C, Oliveira CM, Laste G, Nonose Y, Santos VS, Marques PR, Ribeiro MFM, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Chronic stress associated with hypercaloric diet changes the hippocampal BDNF levels in male Wistar rats. Neuropeptides 2015; 51:75-81. [PMID: 25963531 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress, whether associated with obesity or not, leads to different neuroendocrine and psychological changes. Obesity or being overweight has become one of the most serious worldwide public health problems. Additionally, it is related to a substantial increase in daily energy intake, which results in substituting nutritionally adequate meals for snacks. This metabolic disorder can lead to morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. On the other hand, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is widely expressed in all brain regions, particularly in the hypothalamus, where it has important effects on neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity, mammalian food intake-behavior, and energy metabolism. BDNF is involved in many activities modulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of obesity associated with chronic stress on the BDNF central levels of rats. Obesity was controlled by analyzing the animals' caloric intake and changes in body weight. As a stress parameter, we analyzed the relative adrenal gland weight. We found that exposure to chronic restraint stress during 12 weeks increases the adrenal gland weight, decreases the BDNF levels in the hippocampus and is associated with a decrease in the calorie and sucrose intake, characterizing anhedonia. These effects can be related stress, a phenomenon that induces depression-like behavior. On the other hand, the rats that received the hypercaloric diet had an increase in calorie intake and became obese, which was associated with a decrease in hypothalamus BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Macedo
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - J R Rozisky
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - C Oliveira
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - C M Oliveira
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - G Laste
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Y Nonose
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - V S Santos
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - P R Marques
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - M F M Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Neuro-Humoral Interaction Laboratory, Department of Physiology - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - W Caumo
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - I L S Torres
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
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25
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Targeting the Serotonin 5-HT7 Receptor in the Search for Treatments for CNS Disorders: Rationale and Progress to Date. CNS Drugs 2015; 29:265-75. [PMID: 25721336 PMCID: PMC4555343 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-015-0236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The 5-HT7 (5-hydroxytryptamine 7, serotonin 7) receptor is one of the most recently identified members of the serotonin receptor family. Pharmacological tools, including selective antagonists and, more recently, agonists, along with 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R) knock-out mice have revealed the involvement of this receptor in central nervous system processes. Its well-established role in controlling body temperature and regulating sleep and circadian rhythms has implicated this receptor in mood disorders. Thus, the 5-HT7R has gained much attention as a possible target for the treatment of depression. Although preclinical data support the antidepressant-like actions of 5-HT7R antagonists, their clinical efficacy has not been yet established. Other evidence has implicated the 5-HT7R in learning and memory. Preclinical findings suggest that blockade of this receptor may be beneficial against schizophrenia-like cognitive deficits. Other possible indications include nociception, epilepsy, migraine, autism spectrum disorders, and Rett Syndrome. However, the question is whether the beneficial effects may be achieved by activation or blockade of 5-HT7Rs. Hence, this review briefly summarises the recent findings on the role of 5-HT7Rs and their ligands in CNS disorders.
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26
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Lefebvre H, Duparc C, Prévost G, Bertherat J, Louiset E. Cell-to-cell communication in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia causing hypercortisolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:34. [PMID: 25941513 PMCID: PMC4403554 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that, in the human adrenal gland, cortisol secretion is not only controlled by circulating corticotropin but is also influenced by a wide variety of bioactive signals, including conventional neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, released within the cortex by various cell types such as chromaffin cells, neurons, cells of the immune system, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. These different types of cells are present in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH), a rare etiology of primary adrenal Cushing's syndrome, where they appear intermingled with adrenocortical cells in the hyperplastic cortex. In addition, the genetic events, which cause the disease, favor abnormal adrenal differentiation that results in illicit expression of paracrine regulatory factors and their receptors in adrenocortical cells. All these defects constitute the molecular basis for aberrant autocrine/paracrine regulatory mechanisms, which are likely to play a role in the pathophysiology of BMAH-associated hypercortisolism. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on this topic as well as the therapeutic perspectives offered by this new pathophysiological concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Lefebvre
- INSERM Unité 982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
- *Correspondence: Hervé Lefebvre, Department of Endocrinology, INSERM U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen 76031, France e-mail:
| | - Céline Duparc
- INSERM Unité 982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Gaëtan Prévost
- INSERM Unité 982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- INSERM Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Louiset
- INSERM Unité 982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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27
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Handa RJ, Weiser MJ. Gonadal steroid hormones and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:197-220. [PMID: 24246855 PMCID: PMC5802971 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis represents a complex neuroendocrine feedback loop controlling the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones. Central to its function is the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) where neurons expressing corticotropin releasing factor reside. These HPA motor neurons are a primary site of integration leading to graded endocrine responses to physical and psychological stressors. An important regulatory factor that must be considered, prior to generating an appropriate response is the animal's reproductive status. Thus, PVN neurons express androgen and estrogen receptors and receive input from sites that also express these receptors. Consequently, changes in reproduction and gonadal steroid levels modulate the stress response and this underlies sex differences in HPA axis function. This review examines the make up of the HPA axis and hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the interactions between the two that should be considered when exploring normal and pathological responses to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Handa
- Department of Basic Medical Science, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
| | - Michael J Weiser
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Boulder, CO 80301, United States
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28
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Fogaça MV, Reis FMCV, Campos AC, Guimarães FS. Effects of intra-prelimbic prefrontal cortex injection of cannabidiol on anxiety-like behavior: involvement of 5HT1A receptors and previous stressful experience. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:410-9. [PMID: 24321837 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex (PL) is an important encephalic structure involved in the expression of emotional states. In a previous study, intra-PL injection of cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychotomimetic cannabinoid present in the Cannabis sativa plant, reduced the expression of fear conditioning response. Although its mechanism remains unclear, CBD can facilitate 5HT1A receptor-mediated neurotransmission when injected into several brain structures. This study was aimed at verifying if intra-PL CBD could also induce anxiolytic-like effect in a conceptually distinct animal model, the elevated plus maze (EPM). We also verified if CBD effects in the EPM and contextual fear conditioning test (CFC) depend on 5HT1A receptors and previous stressful experience. CBD induced opposite effects in the CFC and EPM, being anxiolytic and anxiogenic, respectively. Both responses were prevented by WAY100,635, a 5HT1A receptor antagonist. In animals that had been previously (24h) submitted to a stressful event (2h-restraint) CBD caused an anxiolytic, rather than anxiogenic, effect in the EPM. This anxiolytic response was abolished by previous injection of metyrapone, a glucocorticoid synthesis blocker. Moreover, restraint stress increased 5HT1A receptors expression in the dorsal raphe nucleus, an effect that was attenuated by injection of metyrapone before the restraint procedure. Taken together, these results suggest that CBD modulation of anxiety in the PL depend on 5HT1A-mediated neurotransmission and previous stressful experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Fogaça
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - F M C V Reis
- Psychology Department, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - A C Campos
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Group of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences and School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Program, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Hegab IM, Shang G, Ye M, Jin Y, Wang A, Yin B, Yang S, Wei W. Defensive responses of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) to chronic predatory stress. Physiol Behav 2014; 126:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Nikiforuk A, Popik P. Neurochemical modulation of stress-induced cognitive inflexibility in a rat model of an attentional set-shifting task. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:1479-88. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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