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Zou X, Tang Q, Ojiro R, Ozawa S, Shobudani M, Sakamaki Y, Ebizuka Y, Jin M, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Increased spontaneous activity and progressive suppression of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rat offspring after maternal exposure to imidacloprid. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 399:111145. [PMID: 39002876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide that poses risks for developmental neurotoxicity in mammals. The present study investigated the effects of maternal exposure to IMI on behaviors and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of rat offspring. Dams were exposed to IMI via diet (83, 250, or 750 ppm in diet) from gestational day 6 until day 21 post-delivery on weaning, and offspring were maintained until adulthood on postnatal day 77. In the neurogenic niche, 750-ppm IMI decreased numbers of late-stage neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and post-mitotic immature granule cells by suppressing NPC proliferation and ERK1/2-FOS-mediated synaptic plasticity of granule cells on weaning. Suppressed reelin signaling might be responsible for the observed reductions of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. In adulthood, IMI at ≥ 250 ppm decreased neural stem cells by suppressing their proliferation and increasing apoptosis, and mature granule cells were reduced due to suppressed NPC differentiation. Behavioral tests revealed increased spontaneous activity in adulthood at 750 ppm. IMI decreased hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity and Chrnb2 transcript levels in the DG on weaning and in adulthood. IMI increased numbers of astrocytes and M1-type microglia in the DG hilus, and upregulated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress-related genes on weaning. In adulthood, IMI increased malondialdehyde level and number of M1-type microglia, and downregulated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress-related genes. These results suggest that IMI persistently affected cholinergic signaling, induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress during exposure, and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress after exposure in the hippocampus, causing hyperactivity and progressive suppression of neurogenesis in adulthood. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of IMI for offspring behaviors and hippocampal neurogenesis was determined to be 83 ppm (5.5-14.1 mg/kg body weight/day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Ryota Ojiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Ozawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Momoka Shobudani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yuri Sakamaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yuri Ebizuka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Meilan Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Scheil KKA, Sánchez-Lafuente CL, Reive BS, Halvorson CS, Floyd J, Reid HMO, Johnston JN, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Time-dependent antidepressant-like effects of reelin and ketamine in the repeated-corticosterone model of chronic stress. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110998. [PMID: 38552775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel antidepressants, given that approximately 30% of those diagnosed with depression do not respond adequately to first-line treatment. Additionally, monoaminergic-based antidepressants have a substantial therapeutic time-lag, often taking months to reach full therapeutic effect. Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist is the only current effective rapid-acting antidepressant, demonstrating efficacy within hours and lasting up to two weeks with an acute dose. Reelin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, has demonstrated rapid-acting antidepressant-like effects at 24 h, however the exact timescale of these effects has not been investigated. To determine the short and long-term effects of reelin, female Long Evans rats (n = 120) underwent a chronic corticosterone (CORT; or vehicle) paradigm (40 mg/kg, 21 days). On day 21, rats were treated with reelin (3μg; i.v.), ketamine (10 mg/kg; i.p.), both reelin and ketamine (same doses), or vehicle (saline). Behavioural and biological effects were then evaluated at 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 1 week after treatment. The 1-week cohort continued CORT injections to ensure the effect of chronic stress was not lost. Individually, both reelin and ketamine significantly rescued CORT-induced behaviour and hippocampal reelin expression at all timepoints. Ketamine rescued a decrease in dendritic maturity as induced by CORT. Synergistic effects of reelin and ketamine appeared at 1-week, suggesting a potential additive effect of the antidepressant-like actions. Taken together, this study provides further support for reelin-based therapeutics to develop rapid-acting antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylene K A Scheil
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Brady S Reive
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ciara S Halvorson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jennifer Floyd
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Hannah M O Reid
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jenessa N Johnston
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
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Mahoney HL, Bloom CA, Justin HS, Capraro BM, Morris C, Gonzalez D, Sandefur E, Faulkner J, Reiss S, Valladares A, Ocampo A, Carter B, Lussier AL, Dinh LP, Weeber E, Gamsby J, Gulick D. DISC1 and reelin interact to alter cognition, inhibition, and neurogenesis in a novel mouse model of schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1321632. [PMID: 38283751 PMCID: PMC10813205 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1321632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) is multifactorial, and depending on a host of genetic and environmental factors. Two putative SCZ susceptibility genes, Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) and reelin (RELN), interact at a molecular level, suggesting that combined disruption of both may lead to an intensified SCZ phenotype. To examine this gene-gene interaction, we produced a double mutant mouse line. Mice with heterozygous RELN haploinsufficiency were crossed with mice expressing dominant-negative c-terminal truncated human DISC1 to produce offspring with both mutations (HRM/DISC1 mice). We used an array of behavioral tests to generate a behavioral phenotype for these mice, then examined the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus using western blotting and immunohistochemistry to probe for SCZ-relevant molecular and cellular alterations. Compared to wild-type controls, HRM/DISC1 mice demonstrated impaired pre-pulse inhibition, altered cognition, and decreased activity. Diazepam failed to rescue anxiety-like behaviors, paradoxically increasing activity in HRM/DISC1 mice. At a cellular level, we found increased α1-subunit containing GABA receptors in the prefrontal cortex, and a reduction in fast-spiking parvalbumin positive neurons. Maturation of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus was also altered in HRM/DISC1 mice. While there was no difference in the total number proliferating cells, more of these cells were in immature stages of development. Homozygous DISC1 mutation combined with RELN haploinsufficiency produces a complex phenotype with neuropsychiatric characteristics relevant to SCZ and related disorders, expanding our understanding of how multiple genetic susceptibility factors might interact to influence the variable presentation of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Danielle Gulick
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Ngoupaye GT, Mokgokong M, Madlala T, Mabandla MV. Alteration of the α5 GABA receptor and 5HTT lead to cognitive deficits associated with major depressive-like behaviors in a 14-day combined stress rat model. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:959-976. [PMID: 34937496 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.2019033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current models used to study the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) are laborious and time consuming. This study examined the effect of a 14-day combined stress model (CS; corticosterone injection and restraint stress) in male Sprague-Dawley rats and also compare the effect of CS versus 28-day corticosterone treatment on depressive-like behaviour and cognitive deficits. MATERIEL AND METHODS Depressive-like behaviours and cognitive deficits were assessed in the forced swim test (FST), sucrose preference (SPT), Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NORT) tests. Real-time PCR and ELISA were respectively used to detect expression of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), serotonin 1 A receptor (5-HT1A), α5 GABAA receptor, and the concentrations of corticosterone (plasma), GABA and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the hippocampus and Prefrontal cortex (PFC).Results CS group showed increased immobility time in the FST, time to reach the MWM platform, higher corticosterone level, and increased expressions of hippocampal and PFC 5-HT1A and α5 GABAA receptors, and AChE compared to their control groups. In contrast, reductions in SPT ratio, discrimination index in NORT, time in target quadrant, and hippocampal 5-HTT expression was noted relative to their control group. Compared to the 28-day corticosterone only group, PFC 5-HT1A, Hippocampal 5-HTT were reduced, while PFC 5-HTT, Hippocampal α5 GABAA receptors, and AChE concentrations were higher in the CS group. CONCLUSION Our CS model induced depressive-like behaviour with early cognitive deficits in rats affecting both hippocampus and PFC. The CS model may be useful in investigating new and comprehensive treatment strategies for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwladys Temkou Ngoupaye
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Makwena Mokgokong
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thobeka Madlala
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Musa Vuyisile Mabandla
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Zeng W, Takashima K, Tang Q, Zou X, Ojiro R, Ozawa S, Jin M, Ando Y, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Natural antioxidant formula ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis and contextual fear memory through suppression of neuroinflammation in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 131:102285. [PMID: 37150363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ameliorating effects of a natural antioxidant formula (NAF) consisting of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract, docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid, ferulic acid, flaxseed oil, vitamin E, and vitamin B12 on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive dysfunction model in rats. Six-week-old rats received a diet containing 0.5% (w/w) NAF for 38 days from Day 1, and LPS (1 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally once daily on Days 8 and 10. On Day 11, LPS alone increased interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and the numbers of M1-type microglia/macrophages and GFAP+ reactive astrocytes in the hilus of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. NAF treatment decreased brain proinflammatory cytokine levels and increased the number of M2-type microglia/macrophages. During Days 34-38, LPS alone impaired fear memory acquisition and the extinction learning process, and NAF facilitated fear extinction learning. On Day 38, LPS alone decreased the number of type-3 neural progenitor cells in the hippocampal neurogenic niche, and NAF restored the number of type-3 neural progenitor cells and increased the numbers of both immature granule cells in the neurogenic niche and reelin+ hilar interneurons. Thus, NAF exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorated LPS-induced adverse effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and fear memory learning, possibly through amplification of reelin signaling by hilar interneurons. These results suggest that neuroinflammation is a key factor in the development of LPS-induced impairment of fear memory learning, and supplementation with NAF in the present study helped to prevent hippocampal neurogenesis and disruptive neurobehaviors caused by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zeng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazumi Takashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Xinyu Zou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryota Ojiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ozawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Meilan Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yujiro Ando
- Withpety Co., Ltd., 1-9-3 Shin-ishikawa, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-0003, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Ibi D, Nakasai G, Sawahata M, Takaba R, Kinoshita M, Yamada K, Hiramatsu M. Emotional behaviors as well as the hippocampal reelin expression in C57BL/6N male mice chronically treated with corticosterone. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 230:173617. [PMID: 37562494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder affecting around 300 million people worldwide. Serum cortisol and glucocorticoid levels in humans are reportedly higher in patients with depression compared to controls. Furthermore, rodents repeatedly treated with exogenous corticosterone (CORT), a glucocorticoid in rodents, exhibit deficits in emotional behaviors. To confirm the availability of mice with chronic CORT treatment as an animal model of depression, we investigated the effect of chronic CORT treatment on depression-like behavioral and neuropathological phenotypes in C57BL/6N male mice. Behavioral studies showed depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice treated with CORT compared with control mice in the forced-swim and elevated-plus maze tests. Additionally, treated mice represented anhedonia and social behavior impairments in the sucrose preference and social interaction tests, respectively. Brains of depression patients have altered expression of reelin, an extracellular matrix protein involved in neuronal development and function. Likewise, in the present study, mice with chronic CORT treatment also exhibited reelin downregulation in cells of the hippocampus. Hence, we investigated therapeutic effects of reelin supplementation on CORT-induced behavioral abnormalities in mice. Microinjections of recombinant reelin protein into the hippocampus did not rescue behavioral deficits in mice with chronic CORT treatment. These results suggest that C57BL/6N male mice chronically treated with CORT are a suitable animal depression model, in which depressive behaviors may occur independently of the alternation of hippocampal Reelin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan; Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
| | - Genki Nakasai
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Rika Takaba
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Maho Kinoshita
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hiramatsu
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan; Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
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Johnston JN, Allen J, Shkolnikov I, Sanchez-Lafuente CL, Reive BS, Scheil K, Liang S, Christie BR, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Reelin Rescues Behavioral, Electrophysiological, and Molecular Metrics of a Chronic Stress Phenotype in a Similar Manner to Ketamine. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0106-23.2023. [PMID: 37550058 PMCID: PMC10431216 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0106-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has demonstrated fast-acting antidepressant effects previously unseen with monoaminergic-based therapeutics. Concerns regarding psychotomimetic effects limit the use of ketamine for certain patient populations. Reelin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, has shown promise as a putative fast-acting antidepressant in a model of chronic stress. However, research has not yet demonstrated the changes that occur rapidly after peripheral reelin administration. To address this key gap in knowledge, male Long-Evans rats underwent a chronic corticosterone (CORT; or vehicle) paradigm (40 mg/kg, 21 d). On day 21, rats were then administered an acute dose of ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), reelin (3 µg, i.v.), or vehicle. Twenty-four hours after administration, rats underwent behavioral or in vivo electrophysiological testing before killing. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm changes in hippocampal reelin immunoreactivity. Lastly, the hippocampus was microdissected from fresh tissue to ascertain whole cell and synaptic-specific changes in protein expression through Western blotting. Chronic corticosterone induced a chronic stress phenotype in the forced swim test and sucrose preference test (SPT). Both reelin and ketamine rescued immobility and swimming, however reelin alone rescued latency to immobility. In vivo electrophysiology revealed decreases in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) after chronic stress which was increased significantly by both ketamine and reelin. Reelin immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus paralleled the behavioral and electrophysiological findings, but no significant changes were observed in synaptic-level protein expression. This exploratory research supports the putative rapid-acting antidepressant effects of an acute dose of reelin across behavioral, electrophysiological, and molecular measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenessa N Johnston
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Irene Shkolnikov
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Carla L Sanchez-Lafuente
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brady S Reive
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kaylene Scheil
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Stanley Liang
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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Khan M, Baussan Y, Hebert-Chatelain E. Connecting Dots between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Depression. Biomolecules 2023; 13:695. [PMID: 37189442 PMCID: PMC10135685 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the prime source of cellular energy, and are also responsible for important processes such as oxidative stress, apoptosis and Ca2+ homeostasis. Depression is a psychiatric disease characterized by alteration in the metabolism, neurotransmission and neuroplasticity. In this manuscript, we summarize the recent evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction to the pathophysiology of depression. Impaired expression of mitochondria-related genes, damage to mitochondrial membrane proteins and lipids, disruption of the electron transport chain, higher oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis are all observed in preclinical models of depression and most of these parameters can be altered in the brain of patients with depression. A deeper knowledge of the depression pathophysiology and the identification of phenotypes and biomarkers with respect to mitochondrial dysfunction are needed to help early diagnosis and the development of new treatment strategies for this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Khan
- Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Mitochondrial Signaling and Pathophysiology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Yann Baussan
- Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Mitochondrial Signaling and Pathophysiology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Mitochondrial Signaling and Pathophysiology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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Reive B, Johnston JN, Sánchez-Lafuente CL, Zhang L, Chang A, Zhang J, Allen J, Romay-Tallon R, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Intravenous Reelin Treatment Rescues Atrophy of Spleen White Pulp and
Correlates to Rescue of Forced Swim Test Immobility and Neurochemical
Alterations Induced by Chronic Stress. CHRONIC STRESS 2023; 7:24705470231164920. [PMID: 36970446 PMCID: PMC10034288 DOI: 10.1177/24705470231164920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Reelin, an extracellular matrix protein with putative antidepressant-like
properties, becomes dysregulated by chronic stress. Improvement in cognitive
dysfunction and depression-like behavior induced by chronic stress has been
reported with both intrahippocampal and intravenous Reelin treatment but the
mechanisms responsible are not clear. To determine if treatment with Reelin
modifies chronic stress-induced dysfunction in immune organs and whether this
relates to behavioral and/or neurochemical outcomes, spleens were collected from
both male (n = 62) and female (n = 53) rats treated with daily corticosterone
injections for three weeks that received Reelin or vehicle. Reelin was
intravenously administered once on the final day of chronic stress, or
repeatedly, with weekly treatments throughout chronic stress. Behavior was
assessed during the forced swim test and the object-in-place test. Chronic
corticosterone caused significant atrophy of the spleen white pulp, but
treatment with a single shot of Reelin restored white pulp in both males and
females. Repeated Reelin injections also resolved atrophy in females.
Correlations were observed between recovery of white pulp atrophy and recovery
of behavioral deficits and expression of both Reelin and glutamate receptor 1 in
the hippocampus, supporting a role of the peripheral immune system in the
recovery of chronic stress-induced behaviors following treatment with Reelin.
Our data adds to research indicating Reelin could be a valuable therapeutic
target for chronic stress-related disorders including major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.S. Reive
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of
Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | | | | | - Lucy Zhang
- Mount Douglas
Secondary School, Victoria, Canada
| | - Aland Chang
- Mount Douglas
Secondary School, Victoria, Canada
| | | | - Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of
Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | | | - Lisa E. Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of
Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Hector J. Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of
Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Hector J. Caruncho, Division of Medical
Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BNC, V8P 5C2,
Canada.
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10
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Xiao M, Hou J, Xu M, Li S, Yang B. Aquaporins in Nervous System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:99-124. [PMID: 36717489 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) mediate water flux between the four distinct water compartments in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present chapter, we mainly focus on the expression and function of the nine AQPs expressed in the CNS, which include five members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8; three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9; and one member of superaquaporin subfamily: AQP11. In addition, AQP1, AQP2, and AQP4 expressed in the peripheral nervous system are also reviewed. AQP4, the predominant water channel in the CNS, is involved both in the astrocyte swelling of cytotoxic edema and the resolution of vasogenic edema and is of pivotal importance in the pathology of brain disorders such as neuromyelitis optica, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, AQP4 has been demonstrated as a functional regulator of recently discovered glymphatic system that is a main contributor to clearance of toxic macromolecule from the brain. Other AQPs are also involved in a variety of important physiological and pathological process in the brain. It has been suggested that AQPs could represent an important target in treatment of brain disorders like cerebral edema. Future investigations are necessary to elucidate the pathological significance of AQPs in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaoyu Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Basic Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Bąk J, Bobula B, Hess G. Restraint Stress and Repeated Corticosterone Administration Differentially Affect Neuronal Excitability, Synaptic Transmission and 5-HT 7 Receptor Reactivity in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus of Young Adult Male Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214303. [PMID: 36430779 PMCID: PMC9698125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous corticosterone administration reduces GABAergic transmission and impairs its 5-HT7 receptor-dependent modulation in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), but it is largely unknown how neuronal functions of the DRN are affected by repeated physical and psychological stress. This study compared the effects of repeated restraint stress and corticosterone injections on DRN neuronal excitability, spontaneous synaptic transmission, and its 5-HT7 receptor-dependent modulation. Male Wistar rats received corticosterone injections for 7 or 14 days or were restrained for 10 min twice daily for 3 days. Repeated restraint stress and repeated corticosterone administration evoked similar changes in performance in the forced swim test. They increased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) recorded from DRN neurons. In contrast to the treatment with corticosterone, restraint stress-induced changes in sEPSC kinetics and decreased intrinsic excitability of DRN neurons did not modify inhibitory transmission. Repeated injections of the 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB 269970 ameliorated the effects of restraint on excitability and sEPSC frequency but did not restore the altered kinetics of sEPSCs. Thus, repeated restraint stress and repeated corticosterone administration differ in consequences for the intrinsic excitability of DRN projection neurons and their excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Effects of repeated restraint stress on DRN neurons can be partially abrogated by blocking the 5-HT7 receptor.
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12
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Sánchez-Lafuente CL, Romay-Tallon R, Allen J, Johnston JN, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Sex differences in basal reelin levels in the paraventricular hypothalamus and in response to chronic stress induced by repeated corticosterone in rats. Horm Behav 2022; 146:105267. [PMID: 36274499 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to the stress hormone corticosterone results in depressive-like behaviours paralleled by the downregulation of hippocampal reelin expression. Reelin is expressed in key neural populations involved in the stress response, but whether its hypothalamic expression is sex-specific or involved in sex-specific vulnerability to stress is unknown. Female and male rats were treated with either daily vehicle or corticosterone injections (40 mg/kg) for 21 days. Thereafter, they were subjected to several behavioural tasks before being sacrificed to allow the analysis of reelin expression in hypothalamic nuclei. The basal density of reelin-positive cells in males was significantly higher in the paraventricular nucleus (19 %) and in the medial preoptic area (51 %) compared to females. Chronic corticosterone injections increased the immobility time in the forced swim test in males (107 %) and females (108 %) and decreased the exploration of the elevated plus maze in males (34 %). Corticosterone also caused a significant decrease in the density of reelin-positive cells in males, in both ventrodorsal (37 %) and ventrolateral (32 %) subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus, while not affecting females. Moreover, in the paraventricular nucleus of males, 30 % of the basal reelin-positive cells co-expressed oxytocin while only 17.5 % did in females, showing a positive correlation between reelin and oxytocin levels. Chronic corticosterone did not significantly affect co-localization levels. For the first time, this study shows that there is a sexually dimorphic subpopulation of reelin-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus that can be differentially affected by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jenessa N Johnston
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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13
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Jin K, Zhang S, Jiang C, Liu R, Chen B, Zhao H, Zhang Q, Shen Z, Xu P, Hu X, Jiao J, Lu J, Huang M. The role of reelin in the pathological mechanism of depression from clinical to rodents. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114838. [PMID: 36103758 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a devastating mental illness and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Previous studies have suggested that synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus plays an important role in depression pathogenesis. Reelin is expressed mainly in the frontal lobe and hippocampus, and is closely associated with neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. However, few studies have investigated its role in MDD combining clinical trials and animal experiments. We show that in a clinical trial, plasma reelin levels decreased in patients with first-episode drug-naïve MDD and increased after treatment; further, plasma reelin levels allowed to distinguish drug-naïve patients with first-episode MDD from healthy individuals. In rats, chronic mild and unpredictable stress led to a decrease in both reelin mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus, which could be reversed by vortioxetine. Subsequent experiments confirmed that the reelin-ApoER2-NR2A /NR2B pathway regulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity and may be involved in depression or antidepressant responses. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of MDD pathogenesis and provides new evidence that reelin should be considered a potential therapeutic target for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyu Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chaonan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ripeng Liu
- College of First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haoyang Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Child Psychology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Pengfeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianping Jiao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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14
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Hwang Y, Kim HC, Shin EJ. BKM120 alters the migration of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of mice. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106226. [PMID: 35460881 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BKM120 is an inhibitor of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases and its anti-cancer effects have been demonstrated in various solid cancer models. BKM120 is highly brain permeable and has been reported to induce mood disturbances in clinical trials. Therefore, we examined whether BKM120 produces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice, as with patients receiving BKM120 in clinical trials. In this study, repeated BKM120 treatment (2.0 or 5.0mg/kg, i.p., five times at 12-h interval) significantly induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. Although abnormal changes in hippocampal neurogenesis have been suggested to, at least in part, associated with the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety, BKM120 did not affect the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine or the expression of doublecortin (DCX); however, it significantly enhanced the radial migration of DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. BKM120-induced changes in migration were not accompanied by obvious neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Importantly, BKM120-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were positively correlated with the extent of DCX-positive cell migration. Concomitantly, p-Akt expression was significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, the expression of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-DCX, and Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)-GTP decreased significantly, particularly in aberrantly migrated DCX-positive cells. Together, the results suggest that repeated BKM120 treatment enhances the radial migration of DCX-positive cells and induces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors by regulating the activity of Akt, JNK, DCX, and RhoA in the dentate gyrus. It also suggests that the altered migration of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus plays a role in mood disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Allen J, Romay-Tallon R, Mitchell MA, Brymer KJ, Johnston J, Sánchez-Lafuente CL, Pinna G, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Reelin has antidepressant-like effects after repeated or singular peripheral injections. Neuropharmacology 2022; 211:109043. [PMID: 35341790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a significant risk factor for depression onset. The effects of chronic stress can be studied preclinically using a corticosterone (CORT)-administration paradigm that results in a phenotype of depressive-like behavior associated with neurochemical abnormalities in brain regions like the hippocampus. We have recently shown that intrahippocampal infusions of Reelin have a fast effect in normalizing CORT-induced behavioral and neurochemical alterations. Reelin is also expressed in multiple peripheral systems and is found in blood plasma which prompted us to investigate whether peripheral intravenous (i.v.) Reelin injections could also result in antidepressant (ATD)-like actions. Repeated i.v. injections of Reelin were effective in rescuing the CORT-induced increases in forced-swim-test immobility in male and female rats, decreases in Reelin-immunopositive cells in the dentate gyrus subgranular zone, and expression of hippocampal GABAAβ 2/3, GluA1, and GluN2B receptors. However, Reelin had only a partial effect on the number and maturation rate of dentate gyrus newborn cells. CORT and Reelin did not affect open field test behavior. After evaluating the effects of multiple Reelin injections, we demonstrated that a single Reelin injection administered at the end of CORT treatment could rescue in 24 h the behavioral (forced-swim-test and object-in-place test), as well as neurochemical effects of CORT. These findings show that i.v. injections of Reelin have fast ATD-like effects associated with the restoration of hippocampal neurochemical deficits. Although additional mechanistic and pharmacokinetic studies are necessary, our data open the possibility to develop Reelin-based therapeutics with putative fast-ATD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Milann A Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kyle J Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jenessa Johnston
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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16
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Qazi SR, Irfan M, Ramzan Z, Jahanzaib M, Khan MZ, Nasir M, Shakeel M, Khan IA. Identification of putative genetic variants in major depressive disorder patients in Pakistan. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2283-2292. [PMID: 35040003 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a polygenic, and highly prevalent disorder affecting 322 million people globally. It results in several psychological changes which adversely affect different dimensions of life and may lead to suicide. METHODS Whole exome sequencing of 15 MDD patients, enrolled at the Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Karachi, was performed using NextSeq500. Different bioinformatics tools and databases like ANNOVAR, ALoFT, and GWAS were used to identify both common and rare variants associated with the pathogenesis of MDD. RESULTS A total of 1985 variations were identified in 479 MDD-related genes. Several SNPs including rs1079610, rs11750538, rs1799913, rs1801131, rs2230267, rs2231187, rs3819976, rs4314963, rs56265970, rs587780434, rs6330, rs75111588, rs7596487, and rs9624909 were prioritized due to their deleteriousness and frequency difference between the patients and the South Asian population. A non-synonymous variation rs56265970 (BCR) had 26% frequency in patients and was not found in the South Asian population; a multiallelic UTR-5' insertion rs587780434 (RELN) was present with an allelic frequency of 70% in patients whereas 22% in the SAS population. Genetic alterations in PABPC1 genes, a stress-associated gene also had higher allele frequency in the cases than in the normal population. CONCLUSION This present study identifies both common and rare variants in the genes associated with the pathogenesis of MDD in Pakistani patients. Genetic variations in BCR, RELN, and stress-associated PABPC1 suggest potential roles in the pathogenesis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rizwan Qazi
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zoobia Ramzan
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, 75280, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jahanzaib
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Maleeha Zaman Khan
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mahrukh Nasir
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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17
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Timmerman BM, Mooney-Leber SM, Brummelte S. The effects of neonatal procedural pain and maternal isolation on hippocampal cell proliferation and reelin concentration in neonatal and adult male and female rats. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22212. [PMID: 34813104 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Preterm births accounted for over 10% of all U.S. live births in 2019 and the rate is rising. Neonatal stressors, especially procedural pain, experienced by preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have been associated with neurodevelopmental impairments. Parental care can alleviate stress during stressful or painful procedures; however, infants in the NICU often receive reduced parental care compared with their peers. Animal studies suggest that decreased maternal care similarly impairs neurodevelopment but also influences the effects of neonatal pain. It is important to mimic both stressors in animal models of neonatal stress exposure. In this study, researchers investigated the individual and combined impact of neonatal pain and maternal isolation on reelin protein levels and cellular proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of 8 days old and adult rats. Exposure to either stressor individually, but not both, increased reelin levels in the dentate gyrus of adult females without significantly altering reelin levels in adult males. However, cell proliferation levels at either age were unaffected by the early-life stressors. These results suggest that each early-life stressor has a unique effect on markers of brain development and more research is needed to further investigate their distinct influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Timmerman
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean M Mooney-Leber
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Points, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Susanne Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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18
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Kadriu B, Musazzi L, Johnston JN, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ, Popoli M, Zarate CA. Positive AMPA receptor modulation in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: A long and winding road. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2816-2838. [PMID: 34358693 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic transmission is widely implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, and the discovery that ketamine elicits rapid-acting antidepressant effects by modulating α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) signaling has spurred a resurgence of interest in the field. This review explores agents in various stages of development for neuropsychiatric disorders that positively modulate AMPARs, both directly and indirectly. Despite promising preclinical research, few direct and indirect AMPAR positive modulators have progressed past early clinical development. Challenges such as low potency have created barriers to effective implementation. Nevertheless, the functional complexity of AMPARs sets them apart from other drug targets and allows for specificity in drug discovery. Additional effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders that work through positive AMPAR modulation may eventually be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashkim Kadriu
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Laura Musazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Jenessa N Johnston
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Mallmann ASV, Chaves RDC, de Oliveira NF, Oliveira ICM, Capibaribe VCC, Valentim JT, da Silva DMA, Sartori DP, Rodrigues GC, Filho AJMC, Riello GB, Fonteles MMDF, Vasconcelos SMM, Macedo D, Gutierrez SJC, Filho JMB, de Carvalho AMR, de Sousa FCF. Is Riparin III a promising drug in the treatment for depression? Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105824. [PMID: 33798709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress is crucially related to the pathophysiology of mood disorders, including depression. Since the effectiveness and number of the current pharmacological options still presents significant limitations, research on new substances is paramount. In rodents, several findings have indicated that corticosterone administration induces the manifestation of behavioral and neurochemical aspects of depression. Recently, riparin III has shown antidepressant-like properties in trials performed on animal models. Thus, our goal was to investigate the effects of riparin III on behavioral tests, monoamines levels, oxidative stress and cytokines levels in chronic corticosterone-induced model of depression. To do this, female swiss mice were treated with subcutaneous administration of corticosterone for 22 days. In addition, for the last 10 days, riparin III or fluvoxamine were also administered per os in specific test groups. Control groups received subcutaneous saline injections or distilled water per os. At the end of the timeline, the animals were killed and their hippocampi, prefrontal cortex, and striatum dissected for neurochemical analysis. Brain changes following corticosterone administration were confirmed, and riparin III could reversed the most abnormal behavioral and neurochemical corticosterone-induced alterations. These results suggest the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effects of riparin III after a chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriana Serra Vasconcelos Mallmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raquell de Castro Chaves
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natália Ferreira de Oliveira
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Iris Cristina Maia Oliveira
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Victor Celso Cavalcanti Capibaribe
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Tiago Valentim
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daniel Moreira Alves da Silva
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danusio Pinheiro Sartori
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Carvalho Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Giovana Barbosa Riello
- Multi-User Facility, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marta Maria de França Fonteles
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Alyne Mara Rodrigues de Carvalho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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20
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Brymer KJ, Kulhaway EY, Howland JG, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Altered acoustic startle, prepulse facilitation, and object recognition memory produced by corticosterone withdrawal in male rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 408:113291. [PMID: 33836169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The symptoms of human depression often include cognitive deficits. However, cognition is not frequently included in the behavioral assessments conducted in preclinical models of depression. For example, it is well known that repeated corticosterone (CORT) injections in rodents produce depression-like behavior as measured by the forced swim test, sucrose preference test, and tail suspension test, but the cognitive impairments produced by repeated CORT have not been thoroughly examined. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the effect of repeated CORT injections on several versions of object recognition memory and modulation of the acoustic startle response by relatively low intensity prepulses, along with the more traditional assessment of depression-like behavior using the forced swim test. Rats received 21 days of CORT (40 mg/kg) or vehicle injections followed by a battery of behavioral tests. Importantly, during behavioral testing CORT treatment did not occur (CORT withdrawal). Corticosterone decreased body weight, increased immobility in the forced swim test, lowered startle amplitudes, and facilitated responding to trials with a short interval (30 ms) between the prepulse and pulse. Corticosterone also impaired both object location and object-in-place recognition memory, while sparing performance on object recognition memory. Collectively, our data suggest that CORT produces selective disruptions in prepulse facilitation, object location, and object-in-place recognition memory, and that these impairments should be considered as part of the phenotype produced by repeated CORT, and perhaps chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Brymer
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
| | - Erin Y Kulhaway
- Research Excellence and Innovation, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - John G Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
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21
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Allen J, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Severe life stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and depressive behavior: A pathophysiological and therapeutic perspective. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:111-117. [PMID: 33220501 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are responsible for providing our cells with energy, as well as regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis, and considerable evidence demonstrates that mitochondria-related alterations are prevalent during chronic stress and depression. Here, we discuss how chronic stress may induce depressive behavior by potentiating mitochondrial allostatic load, which ultimately decreases energy production, elevates the generation of harmful reactive oxygen species, damages mitochondrial DNA and increases membrane permeability and pro-apoptotic factor release. We also discuss how mitochondrial insults can exacerbate the immune response, contributing to depressive symptomology. Furthermore, we illustrate how depression symptoms are associated with specific mitochondrial defects, and how targeting of these defects with pharmacological agents may be a promising avenue for the development of novel, more efficacious antidepressants. In summary, this review supports the notion that severe psychosocial stress induces mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby increasing the vulnerability to developing depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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22
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Lebedeva KA, Allen J, Kulhawy EY, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Cyclical administration of corticosterone results in aggravation of depression-like behaviors and accompanying downregulations in reelin in an animal model of chronic stress relevant to human recurrent depression. Physiol Behav 2020; 224:113070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Johnston JN, Thacker JS, Desjardins C, Kulyk BD, Romay-Tallon R, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Ketamine Rescues Hippocampal Reelin Expression and Synaptic Markers in the Repeated-Corticosterone Chronic Stress Paradigm. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:559627. [PMID: 32982757 PMCID: PMC7493014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.559627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, which necessitates novel therapeutics and biomarkers to approach treatment of this neuropsychiatric disorder. To assess potential mechanisms underlying the fast-acting antidepressant actions of ketamine we used a repeated corticosterone paradigm in adult male rats to assess the effects of ketamine on reelin-positive cells, a protein largely implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We also assessed the effects of reelin and ketamine on hippocampal and cerebellar synpatosomes, and on serotonin transporter clustering in peripheral lymphocytes to determine reelin and ketamine's impact at the synaptic and peripheral levels. Reelin and ketamine similarly rescue synaptic expression of mTOR and p-mTOR that were decreased by corticosterone. Reelin, but not ketamine, was able to rescue patterns of serotonin transporter clustering in the periphery. These findings display ketamine as a powerful modulator of reelin expression and lend strength to further evaluation of the putative fast antidepressant-like actions of reelin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian D. Kulyk
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Lisa E. Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J. Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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24
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Brymer KJ, Johnston J, Botterill JJ, Romay-Tallon R, Mitchell MA, Allen J, Pinna G, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Fast-acting antidepressant-like effects of Reelin evaluated in the repeated-corticosterone chronic stress paradigm. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1707-1716. [PMID: 31926481 PMCID: PMC7419539 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present report examines the effects of repeated or single intrahippocampal Reelin infusions on measures of depressive-like behavior, cognition, and hippocampal neurogenesis in the repeated-corticosterone (CORT) paradigm. Rats received subcutaneous injections of CORT for 3 weeks and Reelin was infused through an inserted canula in the left hippocampus on days 7, 14, and 21, or only on day 21 of CORT injections. CORT increased immobility in the forced-swim test and impaired object-location memory. Notably, these effects were reversed by both repeated and single-Reelin infusions. CORT decreased both the number and complexity of doublecortin-labeled maturing newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus subgranular zone, and a single-Reelin infusion increased the number but not complexity of newborn neurons, while repeated Reelin infusions restored both. Injection of the AMPA antagonist CNQX blocked the rescue of the behavioral phenotype by Reelin but did completely block the effects of Reelin on hippocampal neurogenesis. Reelin is able to rescue the deficits in AMPA, NMDA, GABAA receptors, mTOR and p-mTOR induced by CORT. These novel results demonstrate that a single intrahippocampal Reelin infusion into the dorsal hippocampus has fast-acting antidepressant-like effects, and that some of these effects may be at least partially independent of Reelin actions on hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Jenessa Johnston
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Justin J Botterill
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | | | - Milann A Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute. Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Lim DW, Han T, Um MY, Yoon M, Kim TE, Kim YT, Han D, Lee J, Lee CH. Administration of Asian Herb Bennet ( Geum japonicum) Extract Reverses Depressive-Like Behaviors in Mouse Model of Depression Induced by Corticosterone. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2841. [PMID: 31756901 PMCID: PMC6950235 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Geum japonicum, commonly known as Asian herb bennet, has been used as a diuretic, astringent, anti-dizziness, and anti-headache agent in traditional medicine. Since the antidepressant-like effects of G. japonicum extract have not been well studied, we examined the antidepressant-like effects of G. japonicum extract using depressive-like behavior induced in mice through daily injection of corticosterone (CORT). ICR mice (male, 8 weeks old) were treated with CORT (40 mg/kg, i.p.) and orally administered using oral gavage needles with G. japonicum extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Behavioral experiments were performed 1 h after administration. The control mice exhibited a significant increase in the immobility times in the tail suspension and forced swim tests as well as the step-through latency time in the passive avoidance test. Further, the control group showed a significant decrease in their sucrose consumption. However, treatment with G. japonicum extract at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg significantly improved these depression-like behaviors without altering the locomotor activity. Moreover, treatment with G. japonicum extract significantly prevented the decrease in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. In addition, G. japonicum extract had neuroprotective effects against CORT-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Our study indicates that G. japonicum extract exhibits antidepressant-like activity in CORT-induced depressive mice, which might be as a result of increased BDNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Lim
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Taewon Han
- Food Functional Evaluation Support Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Min Young Um
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Daeseok Han
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Chang Ho Lee
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
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26
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Kolaka R, Chotwiwatthanakun C, Chutabhakdikul N. Fetal exposure to high levels of maternal glucocorticoids alters reelin signaling in the prefrontal cortex of rat pups. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 78:185-190. [PMID: 31014819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress (MS) is associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment in the offspring. However, it is unclear how early life stress alters the pup's brain development and how it contributes to the pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. Reelin is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein that plays essential roles in early brain development such as neural migration, synaptic development, and maturation. Dysregulation of reelin and its signaling proteins is associated with the emergence of neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood. This study examined the effect of repeated maternal Carbenoxolone (CBX) injection during late gestation on reelin signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rat pups. CBX is a selective 11β-HSD2 enzyme inhibitor that promotes the direct transfer of maternal corticosteroids (CORT) to the fetus. Therefore, treatment with CBX can mimic the animal model of early life exposure to high levels of maternal stress hormone. In this study, pregnant rats were injected daily with either saline or CBX during gestation day (GD) 14-21, and the levels of reelin and its signaling proteins were examined in the PFC of rat pups at different postnatal age from P0-P21. The main result of this study is the repeated maternal CBX injections during GD14-21 acutely increase reln mRNA and protein expression in the PFC of rat pups at birth (P0) and follow by a significant decrease during P7-P14. The treatment also causes long term decreases in the amount of VLDLR and Dab1 which are the downstream signaling proteins for the reelin pathway, at least until P21. Our results indicated that fetal exposure to high levels of maternal CORT interferes with reelin signaling which might have profound effects on cortical development associated with neuropsychiatric disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratirat Kolaka
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | | | - Nuanchan Chutabhakdikul
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
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27
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Chaves RDC, Mallmann ASV, Oliveira NF, Oliveira ICM, Capibaribe VCC, da Silva DMA, Lopes IS, Valentim JT, de Carvalho AMR, Macêdo DS, Vasconcelos SMM, Gutierrez SJC, Barbosa Filho JM, de Sousa FCF. Reversal effect of Riparin IV in depression and anxiety caused by corticosterone chronic administration in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 180:44-51. [PMID: 30904544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders have a multifactorial etiology and stress presents as one of the causal factors. In depression, it is suggested that high cortisol concentration contributes directly to the pathology of this disease. Based on that, the study aims to evaluate the potential antidepressant effect of Riparin IV (Rip IV) in mice submitted to chronic stress model by repeated corticosterone administration. Female Swiss mice were selected into four groups: control (Ctrl), corticosterone (Cort), Riparin IV (Cort + Rip IV) and fluvoxamine (Cort + Flu). Three groups were administrated subcutaneously (SC) with corticosterone (20 mg/kg) during twenty-one days, while the control group received only vehicle. After the fourteenth day, groups were administrated tested drugs: Riparin IV, fluvoxamine or distilled water, by gavage, 1 h after subcutaneous injections. After the final treatment, animals were exposed to behavioral models such as forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM) and sucrose preference test (SPT). The hippocampus was also removed for the determination of BDNF levels. Corticosterone treatment altered all parameters in behavioral tests, leading to a depressive- and anxious-like behavior. Riparin IV and fluvoxamine exhibit antidepressant effect in FST, TST and SPT. In EPM and OFT, treatment displayed anxiolytic effect without alteration of locomotor activity. Corticosterone administration decreased BDNF levels and Riparin IV could reestablish them, indicating that its antidepressant effect may be related to ability to ameliorate hippocampal neurogenesis. These findings suggest that Riparin IV improves the depressive and anxious symptoms after chronic stress and could be a new alternative treatment for patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquell de Castro Chaves
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Auriana Serra Vasconcelos Mallmann
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natália Ferreira Oliveira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Iris Cristina Maia Oliveira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Victor Celso Cavalcanti Capibaribe
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daniel Moreira Alves da Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Iardja Stéfane Lopes
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Tiago Valentim
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alyne Mara Rodrigues de Carvalho
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danielle Silveira Macêdo
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Stanley Juan Chaves Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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28
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Caruncho HJ, Rivera-Baltanas T, Romay-Tallon R, Kalynchuk LE, Olivares JM. Patterns of Membrane Protein Clustering in Peripheral Lymphocytes as Predictors of Therapeutic Outcomes in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:190. [PMID: 30930773 PMCID: PMC6423346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an utmost necessity of developing novel biomarkers of depression that result in a more efficacious use of current antidepressant drugs. The present report reviews and discusses a recent series of experiments that focused on analysis of membrane protein clustering in peripheral lymphocytes as putative biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy for major depressive disorder. This review recapitulates how the ideas were originated, and the main findings demonstrated that analysis of serotonin transporter and serotonin 2 A receptor clustering in peripheral lymphocytes of naïve depression patients resulted in a discrimination of two subpopulations of depressed patients that showed a differential response upon 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. The paper also reviews the usefulness of animal models of depression for an initial evaluation of membrane protein clustering in lymphocytes, which provides a screening tool to determine additional proteins to be further evaluated in depression patients. Finally, the present review provides a brief discussion of the general field of biomarkers of depression in relation to therapeutic outcomes and suggests additional ideas to provide extra value to the reviewed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanas
- Psychiatric Diseases Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jose M Olivares
- Psychiatric Diseases Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
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29
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Brymer KJ, Romay-Tallon R, Allen J, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Exploring the Potential Antidepressant Mechanisms of TNFα Antagonists. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:98. [PMID: 30804748 PMCID: PMC6378555 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal studies suggest an intriguing relationship between the immune system and the development of depression. Some peripherally produced cytokines, such as TNF-α, can cross the blood brain barrier and result in activation of brain microglia which produces additional TNF-α and fosters a cascade of events including decreases in markers of synaptic plasticity and increases in neurodegenerative events. This is exemplified by preclinical studies, which show that peripheral administration of pro-inflammatory cytokines can elicit depression-like behavior. Importantly, this depression-like behavior can be ameliorated by anti-cytokine therapies. Work in our laboratory suggests that TNF-α is particularly important for the development of a depressive phenotype and that TNF-α antagonists might have promise as novel antidepressant drugs. Future research should examine rates of inflammation at baseline in depressed patients and whether anti-inflammatory agents could be included as part of the treatment regimen for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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30
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Romay-Tallon R, Kulhawy E, Brymer KJ, Allen J, Rivera-Baltanas T, Olivares JM, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Changes in Membrane Protein Clustering in Peripheral Lymphocytes in an Animal Model of Depression Parallel Those Observed in Naïve Depression Patients: Implications for the Development of Novel Biomarkers of Depression. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1149. [PMID: 30374301 PMCID: PMC6196231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve depression patients show alterations in serotonin transporter (SERT) and serotonin 2A (5HT2A) receptor clustering in peripheral lymphocytes, and these alterations have been proposed as a biomarker of therapeutic efficacy in major depression. Repeated corticosterone (CORT) induces a consistent depression-like phenotype and has been widely used as an animal model to study neurobiological alterations underlying the depressive symptoms. In this experiment, we used the CORT paradigm to evaluate whether depression-like behavior is associated with similar changes in the pattern of SERT and 5HT2A membrane protein clustering as those observed in depression patients. We also analyzed the clustering of other proteins expressed in lipid rafts in lymphocytes. Rats received daily CORT or vehicle injections for 21 consecutive days. Afterward they underwent the forced swim test to evaluate depression-like behavior, and isolated lymphocytes were analyzed by immunocytochemistry coupled to image-analysis to study clustering parameters of the SERT, 5HT2A receptor, dopamine transporter (DAT), Beta2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR), NMDA 2B receptor (NR2B), Pannexin 1 (Pnx1), and prion cellular protein (PrPc). Our results showed that CORT increases the size of protein clusters for all proteins with the exception of β 2AR, which is decreased. CORT also increased the number of clusters for Pnx1 and PrPc only. Overall, these results indicate that alterations in SERT and 5HT2A protein clustering in naïve depression patients are paralleled by changes seen in an animal model of depression. The CORT paradigm may be a useful screen for examining additional proteins in lymphocytes as a preliminary step prior to their analysis as biomarkers of depression in human blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Kulhawy
- Innovate-Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kyle J Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Jose M Olivares
- Division of Psychiatry, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, CHUVI, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Gao L, Huang P, Dong Z, Gao T, Huang S, Zhou C, Lai Y, Deng G, Liu B, Wen G, Lv Z. Modified Xiaoyaosan (MXYS) Exerts Anti-depressive Effects by Rectifying the Brain Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent fMRI Signals and Improving Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1098. [PMID: 30323763 PMCID: PMC6173122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the traditional Chinese herbal formula, Xiaoyaosan and its modified formula have been described in many previous studies with definite anti-depressive effects, but its underlying mechanism remains mystery. Previous work in our lab has demonstrated that depression induced by chronic stress could generate brain blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals disorder, accompanied by the impairment of hippocampal neuronal plasticity, decrease of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and reduction of the number and complexity of adult neurons in the dentate gyrus. We hypothesized that herbal formula based on Xiaoyaosan could exert anti-depressive effects through restoring these neurobiological dysfunctions and rectifying BOLD-fMRI signals. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of modified Xiaoyaosan (MXYS) on depressive-like behaviors, as well as hippocampal neurogenesis and BOLD signals in a mice model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. MXYS exerted anti-depressant effects on CUMS-induced depression that were similar to the effects of classical antidepressants drug (fluoxetine hydrochloride), with a significant alleviation of depressive-like behaviors, an improvement of hippocampal neurogenesis, and a reversal of activation of BOLD in the limbic system, particularly in the hippocampus. These results suggested that MXYS attenuated CUMS-induced depressive behaviors by rectifying the BOLD signals in the mice hippocampus. These novel results demonstrated that MXYS had anti-depressive effects accompanied by improving BOLD signals and hippocampal neurogenesis, which suggested that BOLD-fMRI signals in brain regions could be a key component for the evaluation of novel antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Dong
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Wen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Brietzke E, Trevizol AP, Fries GR, Subramaniapillai M, Kapczinski F, McIntyre RS, Mansur RB. The impact of body mass index in gene expression of reelin pathway mediators in individuals with schizophrenia and mood disorders: A post-mortem study. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 102:186-191. [PMID: 29680575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the expression of genes involved in the reelin pathway, in the post-mortem brain of individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and mood disorders (MD) with a healthy control (HC) group; and to investigate the role f body mass index (BMI) as a potential mediator. The "Gene Expression in Postmortem dlPFC and Hippocampus from Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders" study holds microarray data on individuals with SZ, MD and HCs (from whom 849 specimens are from the dlPFC and 579 from the hippocampus). mRNA data was obtained using HumanHT-12 v4 BeadChip arrays (Illumina). Multivariate analysis of covariance were used to investigate the main effects of group and relevant covariates on RELNm, NOTCH1, GRIN1m, GRIN3A, CAMK2Gm, CAMK2A, CAMK2Bm, CAMK2N2, GRIN2Bm, GRIN2A, CREBBPm, APOE, LDLR and DAB1 gene expression. In the dlPFC, individuals with SZ had higher expression, relative to HCs, of APOE. Individuals with MD had higher expression, relative to HCs, of CAMK2A, CAMK2N2, and GRIN2Bm. Moreover, individuals with MD had higher expression, relative to SZ patients, of CAMK2N2. There were significant group by BMI effects for expression of RELN, CAMK2A, CAMK2N2, and GRIN2A. In the hippocampus, individuals with MD had lower expression, relative to HCs, of APOE. The results of this study suggest that the expression of genes related to the reelin pathway could be different between individuals with SZ and MD and healthy controls, with a greater vulnerability associated with greater BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Group in Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alisson P Trevizol
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Mcmaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Cuccurazzu B, Zamberletti E, Nazzaro C, Prini P, Trusel M, Grilli M, Parolaro D, Tonini R, Rubino T. Adult Cellular Neuroadaptations Induced by Adolescent THC Exposure in Female Rats Are Rescued by Enhancing Anandamide Signaling. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:1014-1024. [PMID: 29982505 PMCID: PMC6209859 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rodent models, chronic exposure to cannabis' psychoactive ingredient, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, during adolescence leads to abnormal behavior in adulthood. In female rats, this maladaptive behavior is characterized by endophenotypes for depressive-like and psychotic-like disorders as well as cognitive deficits. We recently reported that most depressive-like behaviors triggered by adolescent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure can be rescued by manipulating endocannabinoid signaling in adulthood with the anandamide-inactivating enzyme FAAH inhibitor, URB597. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying URB597's antidepressant-like properties remain to be established. METHODS Here we examined the impact of adult URB597 treatment on the cellular and functional neuroadaptations that occurred in the prefrontal cortex and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus upon Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol during adolescence through biochemical, morphofunctional, and electrophysiological studies. RESULTS We found that the positive action of URB597 is associated with the rescue of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced deficits in endocannabinoid-mediated signaling and synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex and the recovery of functional neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Moreover, the rescue property of URB597 on depressive-like behavior requires the activity of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. CONCLUSIONS By providing novel insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of URB597 at defined cortical and hippocampal circuits, our results highlight that positive modulation of endocannabinoid-signaling could be a strategy for treating mood alterations secondary to adolescent cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cuccurazzu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy
| | - Erica Zamberletti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio VA, Italy
| | - Cristiano Nazzaro
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Pamela Prini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio VA, Italy
| | - Massimo Trusel
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Parolaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio VA, Italy,Zardi Gori Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tonini
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio VA, Italy,Correspondence: Tiziana Rubino, PhD, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, via Manara 7, 21052 Busto Arsizio VA, Italy ()
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34
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Allen J, Romay-Tallon R, Brymer KJ, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Mitochondria and Mood: Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Key Player in the Manifestation of Depression. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:386. [PMID: 29928190 PMCID: PMC5997778 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal studies suggest an intriguing link between mitochondrial diseases and depression. Although depression has historically been linked to alterations in monoaminergic pharmacology and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, new data increasingly implicate broader forms of dampened plasticity, including plasticity within the cell. Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, and they also regulate brain function through oxidative stress and apoptosis. In this paper, we make the case that mitochondrial dysfunction could play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. Alterations in mitochondrial functions such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and membrane polarity, which increase oxidative stress and apoptosis, may precede the development of depressive symptoms. However, the data in relation to antidepressant drug effects are contradictory: some studies reveal they have no effect on mitochondrial function or even potentiate dysfunction, whereas other studies show more beneficial effects. Overall, the data suggest an intriguing link between mitochondrial function and depression that warrants further investigation. Mitochondria could be targeted in the development of novel antidepressant drugs, and specific forms of mitochondrial dysfunction could be identified as biomarkers to personalize treatment and aid in early diagnosis by differentiating between disorders with overlapping symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Kyle J Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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35
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Ngoupaye GT, Yassi FB, Bahane DAN, Bum EN. Combined corticosterone treatment and chronic restraint stress lead to depression associated with early cognitive deficits in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:421-431. [PMID: 29199383 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many models, such as chronic mild stress, chronic stress or chronic corticosterone injections are used to induce depression associated with cognitive deficits. However, the induction period in these different models is still long and face constraints when it is short such as in the chronic mild stress done in a minimum period of 21 days. This study aimed to characterize a model of depression with early onset cognitive deficit. 14 days combined chronic injection of corticosterone followed by 2 h restraint stress using a restrainer was used to induce depression with early cognitive deficit onset. The forced swim test, sucrose test and plasma corticosterone concentration were used to assess depression-like characteristics. The Morris water maze, novel object recognition task, as well as hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity were used to assess cognitive deficit. The combined corticosterone injection + chronic restraint stress group presented with marked depression-like behaviour and a higher plasma corticosterone concentration compared to corticosterone injection alone and restraint stress alone. It also showed an alteration in the learning process, memory deficit as well as increased acetylcholinesterase activity compared to corticosterone injection and restraint stress alone groups. These findings suggest that the combined corticosterone administration and chronic restraint stress can be used not only as an animal model for severe depression, but also for depression with early onset cognitive deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwladys Temkou Ngoupaye
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Dschang, Dschang, 67, Cameroon.
| | - Francis Bray Yassi
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, 454, Cameroon
| | | | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, 454, Cameroon
- Institute of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Maroua, 46, Cameroon
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36
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Brymer KJ, Fenton EY, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Peripheral Etanercept Administration Normalizes Behavior, Hippocampal Neurogenesis, and Hippocampal Reelin and GABA A Receptor Expression in a Preclinical Model of Depression. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29515447 PMCID: PMC5826281 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder frequently comorbid with autoimmune disorders. Previous work in our lab has demonstrated that repeated corticosterone (CORT) injections in rats reliably increase depressive-like behavior, impair hippocampal-dependent memory, reduce the number and complexity of adult-generated neurons in the dentate gyrus, decrease hippocampal reelin expression, and alter markers of GABAergic function. We hypothesized that peripheral injections of the TNF-α inhibitor etanercept could exert antidepressant effects through a restoration of many of these neurobiological changes. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of repeated CORT injections and concurrent injections of etanercept on measures of object-location and object-in-place memory, forced-swim test behavior, hippocampal neurogenesis, and reelin and GABA β2/3 immunohistochemistry. CORT increased immobility behavior in the forced swim test and impaired both object-location and object-in-place memory, and these effects were reversed by etanercept. CORT also decreased both the number and complexity of adult-generated neurons, but etanercept restored these measures back to control levels. Finally, CORT decreased the number of reelin and GABA β2/3-ir cells within the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, and etanercept restored these to control levels. These novel results demonstrate that peripheral etanercept has antidepressant effects that are accompanied by a restoration of cognitive function, hippocampal neurogenesis, and GABAergic plasticity, and suggest that a normalization of reelin expression in the dentate gyrus could be a key component underlying these novel antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Erin Y Fenton
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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37
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Ovenden ES, McGregor NW, Emsley RA, Warnich L. DNA methylation and antipsychotic treatment mechanisms in schizophrenia: Progress and future directions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:38-49. [PMID: 29017764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic response in schizophrenia is a complex, multifactorial trait influenced by pharmacogenetic factors. With genetic studies thus far providing little biological insight or clinical utility, the field of pharmacoepigenomics has emerged to tackle the so-called "missing heritability" of drug response in disease. Research on psychiatric disorders has only recently started to assess the link between epigenetic alterations and treatment outcomes. DNA methylation, the best characterised epigenetic mechanism to date, is discussed here in the context of schizophrenia and antipsychotic treatment outcomes. The majority of published studies have assessed the influence of antipsychotics on methylation levels in specific neurotransmitter-associated candidate genes or at the genome-wide level. While these studies illustrate the epigenetic modifications associated with antipsychotics, very few have assessed clinical outcomes and the potential of differential DNA methylation profiles as predictors of antipsychotic response. Results from other psychiatric disorder studies, such as depression and bipolar disorder, provide insight into what may be achieved by schizophrenia pharmacoepigenomics. Other aspects that should be addressed in future research include methodological challenges, such as tissue specificity, and the influence of genetic variation on differential methylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S Ovenden
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel W McGregor
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Robin A Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Louise Warnich
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
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Numakawa T, Odaka H, Adachi N. Actions of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Glucocorticoid Stress in Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112312. [PMID: 29099059 PMCID: PMC5713281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered neurogenesis is suggested to be involved in the onset of brain diseases, including mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurotrophic factors are well known for their positive effects on the proliferation/differentiation of both embryonic and adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs). Especially, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been extensively investigated because of its roles in the differentiation/maturation of NSCs/NPCs. On the other hand, recent evidence indicates a negative impact of the stress hormone glucocorticoids (GCs) on the cell fate of NSCs/NPCs, which is also related to the pathophysiology of brain diseases, such as depression and autism spectrum disorder. Furthermore, studies including ours have demonstrated functional interactions between neurotrophic factors and GCs in neural events, including neurogenesis. In this review, we show and discuss relationships among the behaviors of NSCs/NPCs, BDNF, and GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Numakawa
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
| | - Haruki Odaka
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.
| | - Naoki Adachi
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda City, Hyogo 662-8501, Japan.
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Depressive-like phenotype induced by prenatal dexamethasone in mice is reversed by desipramine. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:242-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Lévy F, Batailler M, Meurisse M, Migaud M. Adult Neurogenesis in Sheep: Characterization and Contribution to Reproduction and Behavior. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:570. [PMID: 29109674 PMCID: PMC5660097 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheep have many advantages to study neurogenesis in comparison to the well-known rodent models. Their development and life expectancy are relatively long and they possess a gyrencephalic brain. Sheep are also seasonal breeders, a characteristic that allows studying the involvement of hypothalamic neurogenesis in the control of seasonal reproduction. Sheep are also able to individually recognize their conspecifics and develop selective and lasting bonds. Adult olfactory neurogenesis could be adapted to social behavior by supporting recognition of conspecifics. The present review reveals the distinctive features of the hippocampal, olfactory, and hypothalamic neurogenesis in sheep. In particular, the organization of the subventricular zone and the dynamic of neuronal maturation differs from that of rodents. In addition, we show that various physiological conditions, such as seasonal reproduction, gestation, and lactation differently modulate these three neurogenic niches. Last, we discuss recent evidence indicating that hypothalamic neurogenesis acts as an important regulator of the seasonal control of reproduction and that olfactory neurogenesis could be involved in odor processing in the context of maternal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Lévy
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7247, Université F. Rabelais, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Batailler
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7247, Université F. Rabelais, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Maryse Meurisse
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7247, Université F. Rabelais, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Migaud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7247, Université F. Rabelais, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
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Kula J, Gugula A, Blasiak A, Bobula B, Danielewicz J, Kania A, Tylko G, Hess G. Diverse action of repeated corticosterone treatment on synaptic transmission, neuronal plasticity, and morphology in superficial and deep layers of the rat motor cortex. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1519-1532. [PMID: 28748319 PMCID: PMC5629232 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
One of the adverse effects of prolonged stress in rats is impaired performance of skilled reaching and walking tasks. The mechanisms that lead to these abnormalities are incompletely understood. Therefore, we compared the effects of twice daily repeated corticosterone injections for 7 days on miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), as well as on synaptic plasticity and morphology of layers II/III and V pyramidal neurons of the primary motor cortex (M1) of male Wistar rats. Corticosterone treatment resulted in increased frequency, but not amplitude, of mEPSCs in layer II/III neurons accompanied by increased complexity of the apical part of their dendritic tree, with no changes in the density of dendritic spines. The frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs as well as the parameters characterizing the complexity of the dendritic tree were not changed in layer V cells; however, their dendritic spine density was increased. While corticosterone treatment resulted in an increase in the amplitude of field potentials evoked in intralaminar connections within layer II/III, it did not influence field responses in layer V intralaminar connections, as well as the extent of chemically induced layer V long-term potentiation (chemLTP) by the application of tetraethylammonium (TEA, 25 mM). However, chemLTP induction in layer II/III was impaired in slices prepared from corticosterone-treated animals. These data indicate that repeated 7-day administration of exogenous corticosterone induces structural and functional plasticity in the M1, which occurs mainly in layer II/III pyramidal neurons. These findings shed light on potential sites of action and mechanisms underlying stress-induced impairment of motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kula
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Poland
| | - Anna Gugula
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Poland
| | - Anna Blasiak
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bobula
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Poland.,Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Smetna 12, Poland
| | - Joanna Danielewicz
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Poland
| | - Alan Kania
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Tylko
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hess
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Poland. .,Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Smetna 12, Poland.
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Lebedeva KA, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Cyclical corticosterone administration sensitizes depression-like behavior in rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 650:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs ) mediate water flux between the four distinct water compartments in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present chapter, we mainly focus on the expression and function of the 9 AQPs expressed in the CNS, which include five members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8; three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9; and one member of superaquaporin subfamily: AQP11. In addition, AQP1, AQP2 and AQP4 expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are also reviewed. AQP4, the predominant water channel in the CNS, is involved both in the astrocyte swelling of cytotoxic edema and the resolution of vasogenic edema, and is of pivotal importance in the pathology of brain disorders such as neuromyelitis optica , brain tumors and Alzheimer's disease. Other AQPs are also involved in a variety of important physiological and pathological process in the brain. It has been suggested that AQPs could represent an important target in treatment of brain disorders like cerebral edema. Future investigations are necessary to elucidate the pathological significance of AQPs in the CNS.
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Wulsin AC, Herman JP, Danzer SC. RU486 Mitigates Hippocampal Pathology Following Status Epilepticus. Front Neurol 2016; 7:214. [PMID: 27965624 PMCID: PMC5124765 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) induces rapid hyper-activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. HPA axis hyperactivity results in excess exposure to high levels of circulating glucocorticoids, which are associated with neurotoxicity and depression-like behavior. These observations have led to the hypothesis that HPA axis dysfunction may exacerbate SE-induced brain injury. To test this hypothesis, we used the mouse pilocarpine model of epilepsy to determine whether use of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 can attenuate hippocampal pathology following SE. Excess glucocorticoid secretion was evident 1 day after SE in the mice, preceding the development of spontaneous seizures (which can take weeks to develop). RU486 treatment blocked the SE-associated elevation of glucocorticoid levels in pilocarpine-treated mice. RU486 treatment also mitigated the development of hippocampal pathologies induced by SE, reducing loss of hilar mossy cells and limiting pathological cell proliferation in the dentate hilus. Mossy cell loss and accumulation of ectopic hilar cells are positively correlated with epilepsy severity, suggesting that early treatment with glucocorticoid antagonists could have anti-epileptogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynara C Wulsin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steve C Danzer
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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45
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Ji J, Zeng XN, Cao LL, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Yang DD, Sun XL. PPARβ/δ activation protects against corticosterone-induced ER stress in astrocytes by inhibiting the CpG hypermethylation of microRNA-181a. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:396-406. [PMID: 27789312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play neuroprotective roles in various neurodegenerative disease models in vivo and in vitro. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Astrocyte proliferation is a key process in neural development and plays significant roles in the regeneration of neural tissue after a penetrating injury. Corticosterone can significantly reduce the expression of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in cultured rat hippocampal astrocytes in vitro, and induce astrocytic dysfunction. Our research found that corticosterone treatment resulted in astrocyte damage and reduced the expression of PPARβ/δ. GW0742, a selective and high-affinity PPARβ/δ agonist, attenuated the corticosterone-induced astrocyte damage, but also significantly reversed the increase in the expression of GRP78 and CHOP, the two predominant proteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, GW0742 decreased the levels of caspase-12 and cleaved caspase-3, thereby protecting astrocytes against corticosterone-induced astrocyte apoptosis. We then confirmed that GRP78 was a target gene of microRNA-181a and found that PPARβ/δ activation increased microRNA-181a levels. Finally, we demonstrated that PPARβ/δ activation by GW0742 noticeably inhibited the activities and expression of DNA methyltransferases, and reduced the corticosterone-induced CpG island hypermethylation of microRNA-181a1 in astrocytes. Therefore, the present study is the first to reveal that PPARβ/δ activation suppresses CpG island hypermethylation-associated silencing of microRNA-181a and thereby protects against ER stress-induced damage in astrocytes. Our findings suggest that PPARβ/δ activation in astrocytes might be a promising target for regulating ER stress-induced astrocytic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lu-Lu Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Zhan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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Sánchez-Vidaña DI, Chan NMJ, Chan AH, Hui KK, Lee S, Chan HY, Law YS, Sze MY, Tsui WCS, Fung TK, Lau BWM, Lai CY. Repeated treatment with oxytocin promotes hippocampal cell proliferation, dendritic maturation and affects socio-emotional behavior. Neuroscience 2016; 333:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yuan SY, Liu J, Zhou J, Lu W, Zhou HY, Long LH, Hu ZL, Ni L, Wang Y, Chen JG, Wang F. AMPK Mediates Glucocorticoids Stress-Induced Downregulation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Cultured Rat Prefrontal Cortical Astrocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159513. [PMID: 27513844 PMCID: PMC4981361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces altered energy metabolism and plays important roles in the etiology of depression, in which the glucocorticoid negative feedback is disrupted due to imbalanced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) functions. The mechanism underlying the dysregulation of GR by chronic stress remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the key enzyme regulating cellular energy metabolism, and related signaling pathways in chronic stress-induced GR dysregulation. In cultured rat cortical astrocytes, glucocorticoid treatment decreased the level, which was accompanied by the decreased expression of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and reduced phosphorylation of AMPK. Glucocorticoid-induced effects were attenuated by glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibitor GSK650394, which also inhibited glucocorticoid induced phosphorylation of Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a). Furthermore, glucocorticoid-induced down-regulation of GR was mimicked by the inhibition of AMPK and abolished by the AMPK activators or the histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) inhibitors. In line with the role of AMPK in GR expression, AMPK activator metformin reversed glucocorticoid-induced reduction of AMPK phosphorylation and GR expression as well as behavioral alteration of rats. Taken together, these results suggest that chronic stress activates SGK1 and suppresses the expression of LKB1 via inhibitory phosphorylation of FOXO3a. Downregulated LKB1 contributes to reduced activation of AMPK, leading to the dephosphorylation of HDAC5 and the suppression of transcription of GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ying Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Workman JL, Gobinath AR, Kitay NF, Chow C, Brummelte S, Galea LA. Parity modifies the effects of fluoxetine and corticosterone on behavior, stress reactivity, and hippocampal neurogenesis. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:443-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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49
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Wulsin AC, Solomon MB, Privitera MD, Danzer SC, Herman JP. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis dysfunction in epilepsy. Physiol Behav 2016; 166:22-31. [PMID: 27195458 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disease, affecting 2.4million people in the US. Among the many different forms of the disease, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most frequent in adults. Recent studies indicate the presence of a hyperactive hypothalamopituitary- adrenocortical (HPA) axis and elevated levels of glucocorticoids in TLE patients. Moreover, in these patients, stress is a commonly reported trigger of seizures, and stress-related psychopathologies, including depression and anxiety, are highly prevalent. Elevated glucocorticoids have been implicated in the development of stress-related psychopathologies. Similarly, excess glucocorticoids have been found to increase neuronal excitability, epileptiform activity and seizure susceptibility. Thus, patients with TLE may generate abnormal stress responses that both facilitate ictal discharges and increase vulnerability for the development of comorbid psychopathologies. Here, we will examine the evidence that the HPA axis is disrupted in TLE, consider potential mechanisms by which this might occur, and discuss the implications of HPA dysfunction for seizuretriggering and psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynara C Wulsin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Matia B Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael D Privitera
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Steve C Danzer
- Neuroscience Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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50
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Guidotti A, Grayson DR, Caruncho HJ. Epigenetic RELN Dysfunction in Schizophrenia and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:89. [PMID: 27092053 PMCID: PMC4820443 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
REELIN (RELN) is a large (420 kDa) glycoprotein that in adulthood is mostly synthesized in GABAergic neurons of corticolimbic structures. Upon secretion in the extracellular matrix (ECM), RELN binds to VLDL, APOE2, and α3β2 Integrin receptors located on dendritic shafts and spines of postsynaptic pyramidal neurons. Reduced levels of RELN expression in the adult brain induce cognitive impairment and dendritic spine density deficits. RELN supplementation recovers these deficits suggesting a trophic action for RELN in synaptic plasticity. We and others have shown that altered RELN expression in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BP) disorder patients is difficult to reconcile with classical Mendelian genetic disorders and it is instead plausible to associate these disorders with altered epigenetic homeostasis. Support for the contribution of altered epigenetic mechanisms in the down-regulation of RELN expression in corticolimbic structures of psychotic patients includes the concomitant increase of DNA-methyltransferases and the increased levels of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). It is hypothesized that these conditions lead to RELN promoter hypermethylation and a reduction in RELN protein amounts in psychotic patients. The decreased synthesis and release of RELN from GABAergic corticolimbic neurons could serve as a model to elucidate the epigenetic pathophysiological mechanisms acting at pyramidal neuron dendrites that regulate synaptic plasticity and cognition in psychotic and non-psychotic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Guidotti
- Department of Psychiatry, The Psychiatric Institute, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- Department of Psychiatry, The Psychiatric Institute, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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