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Cofresí RU, Upton S, Brown AA, Piasecki TM, Bartholow BD, Froeliger B. Mesocorticolimbic system reactivity to alcohol use-related visual cues as a function of alcohol sensitivity phenotype: A pilot fMRI study. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 11:100156. [PMID: 38938269 PMCID: PMC11209874 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Low sensitivity (LS) to alcohol is a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Compared to peers with high sensitivity (HS), LS individuals drink more, report more problems, and exhibit potentiated alcohol cue reactivity (ACR). Heightened ACR suggests LS confers AUD risk via incentive sensitization, which is thought to take place in the mesocorticolimbic system. This study examined neural ACR in LS and HS individuals. Young adults (N = 32, M age=20.3) were recruited based on the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire (HS: n = 16; LS: n = 16; 9 females/group). Participants completed an event-related fMRI ACR task. Group LS had higher ACR in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex than group HS. In group LS, ACR in left caudomedial orbitofrontal cortex or left putamen was low at low alcohol use levels and high at heavier or more problematic alcohol use levels, whereas the opposite was true in group HS. Alcohol use level also was associated with the level of ACR in left substantia nigra among males in group LS. Taken together, results suggest elevated mesocorticolimbic ACR among LS individuals, especially those using alcohol at hazardous levels. Future studies with larger samples are warranted to determine the neurobiological loci underlying LS-based amplified ACR and AUD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U. Cofresí
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, USA
| | - Spencer Upton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, USA
| | - Alexander A. Brown
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, USA
| | - Thomas M. Piasecki
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, USA
| | | | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri - Columbia, USA
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2
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Piras G, Cadoni C, Caria F, Pintori N, Spano E, Vanejevs M, Ture A, Tocco G, Simola N, De Luca MA. Characterization of the Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of the Phenethylamine 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae016. [PMID: 38546531 PMCID: PMC11120233 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proliferation of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the drug market raises concerns about uncertainty on their pharmacological profile and the health hazard linked to their use. Within the category of synthetic stimulant NPS, the phenethylamine 2-Cl-4,5-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (2-Cl-4,5-MDMA) has been linked to severe intoxication requiring hospitalization. Thereby, the characterization of its pharmacological profile is urgently warranted. METHODS By in vivo brain microdialysis in adolescent and adult male rats we investigated the effects of 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission in two brain areas critical for the motivational and rewarding properties of drugs, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Moreover, we evaluated the locomotor and stereotyped activity induced by 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA and the emission of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to characterize its affective properties. RESULTS 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA increased dialysate DA and 5-HT in a dose-, brain area-, and age-dependent manner. Notably, 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA more markedly increased dialysate DA in the NAc shell and mPFC of adult than adolescent rats, while the opposite was observed on dialysate 5-HT in the NAc shell, with adolescent rats being more responsive. Furthermore, 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA stimulated locomotion and stereotyped activity in both adolescent and adult rats, although to a greater extent in adolescents. Finally, 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA did not stimulate the emission of 50-kHz USVs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first pharmacological characterization of 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA demonstrating that its neurochemical and behavioral effects may differ between adolescence and adulthood. These preclinical data could help understanding the central effects of 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA by increasing awareness on possible health damage in users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessica Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Cadoni
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicholas Pintori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrica Spano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Graziella Tocco
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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3
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Negus SS. An economon model of drug addiction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:417-425. [PMID: 38277005 PMCID: PMC10884072 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The term "economon" (i:'ka.nə.muhn; plural: economa) is introduced here to describe an economic unit composed of two participants engaged in mutually reinforcing operant behavior. Economa are basic building blocks of transactional behavior that aggregate in social networks called economies. In a drug-addiction economon, operant behavior by one participant (the "supplier") provides an addictive drug as a reinforcer to the second participant (a "Person with Substance Use Disorder; PwSUD"). Reciprocal operant behavior by the PwSUD usually provides money as a reinforcer to the supplier. After defining the features of the drug-addiction economon, this article discusses its implications for (1) prevalence and virulence of drug addiction, (2) opportunities for drug-addiction research in general, (3) the "brain-disease model of addiction" in particular, and (4) factors that mitigate harm or promote risk of drug addiction. The economon model is intended to provide a novel perspective on the uniquely human disorder of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stevens Negus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N. 12 St, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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4
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Nguyen VT, Harris AC, Eltit JM. Structural and functional perspectives on interactions between synthetic cathinones and monoamine transporters. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 99:83-124. [PMID: 38467490 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic cathinone derivatives comprise a family of psychoactive compounds structurally related to amphetamine. Over the last decade, clandestine chemists have synthesized a consistent stream of innovative cathinone derivatives to outpace governmental regulatory restrictions. Many of these unregulated substances are produced and distributed as designer drugs. Two of the principal chemical scaffolds exploited to expand the synthetic cathinone family are methcathinone and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (or α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, α-PVP). These compounds' main physiological targets are monoamine transporters, where they promote addiction by potentiating dopaminergic neurotransmission. This chapter describes techniques used to study the pharmacodynamic properties of cathinones at monoamine transporters in vitro. Biochemical techniques described include uptake inhibition and release assays in rat brain synaptosomes and in mammalian expression systems. Electrophysiological techniques include current measurements using the voltage clamp technique. We describe a Ca2+ mobilization assay wherein voltage-gated Ca2+ channels function as reporters to study the action of synthetic cathinones at monoamine transporters. We discuss results from systematic structure-activity relationship studies on simple and complex cathinones at monoamine transporters with an emphasis on identifying structural moieties that modulate potency and selectivity at these transporters. Moreover, different profiles of selectivity at monoamine transporters directly predict compounds associated with behavioral and subjective effects within animals and humans. In conclusion, clarification of the structural aspects of compounds which modulate potency and selectivity at monoamine transporters is critical to identify and predict potential addictive drugs. This knowledge may allow prompt allocation of resources toward drugs that represent the greatest threats after drugs are identified by forensic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy T Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Alan C Harris
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jose M Eltit
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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5
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Blum K, Ashford JW, Kateb B, Sipple D, Braverman E, Dennen CA, Baron D, Badgaiyan R, Elman I, Cadet JL, Thanos PK, Hanna C, Bowirrat A, Modestino EJ, Yamamoto V, Gupta A, McLaughlin T, Makale M, Gold MS. Dopaminergic dysfunction: Role for genetic & epigenetic testing in the new psychiatry. J Neurol Sci 2023; 453:120809. [PMID: 37774561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), particularly linked to addictive disorders, costs billions of dollars globally and has resulted in over one million deaths in the United States (US). Illicit substance use has been steadily rising and in 2021 approximately 21.9% (61.2 million) of individuals living in the US aged 12 or older had used illicit drugs in the past year. However, only 1.5% (4.1 million) of these individuals had received any substance use treatment. This increase in use and failure to adequately treat or provide treatment to these individuals resulted in 106,699 overdose deaths in 2021 and increased in 2022. This article presents an alternative non-pharmaceutical treatment approach tied to gene-guided therapy, the subject of many decades of research. The cornerstone of this paradigm shift is the brain reward circuitry, brain stem physiology, and neurotransmitter deficits due to the effects of genetic and epigenetic insults on the interrelated cascade of neurotransmission and the net release of dopamine at the Ventral Tegmental Area -Nucleus Accumbens (VTA-NAc) reward site. The Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) test and pro-dopamine regulator nutraceutical KB220 were combined to induce "dopamine homeostasis" across the brain reward circuitry. This article aims to encourage four future actionable items: 1) the neurophysiologically accurate designation of, for example, "Hyperdopameism /Hyperdopameism" to replace the blaming nomenclature like alcoholism; 2) encouraging continued research into the nature of dysfunctional brainstem neurotransmitters across the brain reward circuitry; 3) early identification of people at risk for all RDS behaviors as a brain check (cognitive testing); 4) induction of dopamine homeostasis using "precision behavioral management" along with the coupling of GARS and precision Kb220 variants; 5) utilization of promising potential treatments include neuromodulating modalities such as Transmagnetic stimulation (TMS) and Deep Brain Stimulation(DBS), which target different areas of the neural circuitry involved in addiction and even neuroimmune agents like N-acetyl-cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Exercise, Sports and Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA; The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, LLC., Austin, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - J Wesson Ashford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; War Related Illness & Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Babak Kateb
- Brain Mapping Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA; National Center for Nanobioelectronic, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brain Technology and Innovation Park, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Eric Braverman
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, LLC., Austin, TX, USA
| | - Catherine A Dennen
- Department of Family Medicine, Jefferson Health Northeast, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Baron
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Exercise, Sports and Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Rajendra Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA; Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Igor Elman
- Center for Pain and the Brain (PAIN Group), Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA, USA; Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Department of Psychology & Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Colin Hanna
- Department of Psychology & Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Vicky Yamamoto
- Brain Mapping Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA; National Center for Nanobioelectronic, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brain Technology and Innovation Park, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas McLaughlin
- Division of Reward Deficiency Research, Reward Deficiency Syndrome Clinics of America, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mlan Makale
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington College of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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6
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Lakosa A, Rahimian A, Tomasi F, Marti F, Reynolds LM, Tochon L, David V, Danckaert A, Canonne C, Tahraoui S, de Chaumont F, Forget B, Maskos U, Besson M. Impact of the gut microbiome on nicotine's motivational effects and glial cells in the ventral tegmental area in male mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:963-974. [PMID: 36932179 PMCID: PMC10156728 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
A link between gut dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of brain disorders has been identified. A role for gut bacteria in drug reward and addiction has been suggested but very few studies have investigated their impact on brain and behavioral responses to addictive drugs so far. In particular, their influence on nicotine's addiction-like processes remains unknown. In addition, evidence shows that glial cells shape the neuronal activity of the mesolimbic system but their regulation, within this system, by the gut microbiome is not established. We demonstrate that a lack of gut microbiota in male mice potentiates the nicotine-induced activation of sub-regions of the mesolimbic system. We further show that gut microbiota depletion enhances the response to nicotine of dopaminergic neurons of the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA), and alters nicotine's rewarding and aversive effects in an intra-VTA self-administration procedure. These effects were not associated with gross behavioral alterations and the nicotine withdrawal syndrome was not impacted. We further show that depletion of the gut microbiome modulates the glial cells of the mesolimbic system. Notably, it increases the number of astrocytes selectively in the pVTA, and the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 in both VTA sub-regions, without altering the density of the astrocytic glutamatergic transporter GLT1. Finally, we identify several sub-populations of microglia in the VTA that differ between its anterior and posterior sub-parts, and show that they are re-organized in conditions of gut microbiota depletion. The present study paves the way for refining our understanding of the pathophysiology of nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Lakosa
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Rahimian
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Flavio Tomasi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabio Marti
- Plasticité du Cerveau, CNRS UMR 8249, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lauren M Reynolds
- Plasticité du Cerveau, CNRS UMR 8249, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Léa Tochon
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent David
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Danckaert
- UTechS Photonics Bioimaging/C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Candice Canonne
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Sylvana Tahraoui
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice de Chaumont
- Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Benoît Forget
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
- Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Besson
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France.
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7
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Baird TR, Karin KN, Marsh SA, Carroll FI, Medina-Contreras JML, Negus SS, Eltit JM. Rate of onset of dopamine transporter inhibitors assessed with intracranial self-stimulation and in vivo dopamine photometry in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:969-981. [PMID: 36802016 PMCID: PMC10466267 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Drug self-administration and intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) are two preclinical behavioral procedures used to predict abuse potential of drugs, and abuse-related drug effects in both procedures are thought to depend on increased mesolimbic dopamine (DA) signaling. Drug self-administration and ICSS yield concordant metrics of abuse potential across a diverse range of drug mechanisms of action. The "rate of onset," defined as the velocity with which a drug produces its effect once administered, has also been implicated as a determinant of abuse-related drug effects in self-administration procedures, but this variable has not been systematically examined in ICSS. Accordingly, this study compared ICSS effects produced in rats by three DA transporter inhibitors that have different rates of onset (fastest to slowest: cocaine, WIN-35428, RTI-31) and that produced progressively weaker metrics of abuse potential in a drug self-administration procedure in rhesus monkeys. Additionally, in vivo photometry using the fluorescent DA sensor dLight1.1 targeted to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was used to assess the time course of extracellular DA levels as a neurochemical correlate of behavioral effects. All three compounds produced ICSS facilitation and increased DA levels assessed by dLight. In both procedures, the rank order of onset rate was cocaine > WIN-35428 > RTI-31; however, in contrast to monkey drug self-administration results, maximum effects did not differ across compounds. These results provide additional evidence that drug-induced increases in DA drive ICSS facilitation in rats and illustrate the utility of both ICSS and photometry to evaluate the time course and magnitude of abuse-related drug effects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson R Baird
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Kimberly N Karin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Samuel A Marsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - F Ivy Carroll
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - J M L Medina-Contreras
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall Street, 3-038H, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - S Stevens Negus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Jose M Eltit
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall Street, 3-038H, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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8
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Blockade of dopamine D3 receptor in ventral tegmental area attenuating contextual fear memory. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114179. [PMID: 36592493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal fear memory will lead to the onset of stress disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and so on. Therefore, the intervention in the formation of abnormal fear memory will provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of PTSD. In our previous studies, we found that blockade of dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) with highly selective antagonist YQA14 or knockout of DRD3 was able to attenuate the expression or retrieval of fear memory in PTSD animal models. However, the neurobiological mechanism of regulation of DRD3 in fear is unclear. In the present research, we clarified that DRD3 was expressed in the dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Then, we identified that microinjection of YQA14 (1 μg/0.2 μl/side) in VTA before the aversive stimuli in the training session or during days subsequent to the shock significantly meliorated the freezing behaviors in the inescapable electric foot-shock model. At last, using fiber photometry system, we found that microinjection of YQA14 in VTA promoted the dopamine neurotransmitter release in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and pre-training YQA14 infusion in VTA lowered the increase of dopamine (DA) in BLA induced by shock during the training session or by context during the retrieval session. All above the results demonstrated that YQA14 attenuated the fear learning through the blockade of DRD3 in VTA decreasing the excitability of the projection to BLA. This study may provide new mechanisms and potential intervention targets for stress disorders with abnormal fear memory.
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9
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Zhang J, Song C, Dai J, Li L, Yang X, Chen Z. Mechanism of opioid addiction and its intervention therapy: Focusing on the reward circuitry and mu‐opioid receptor. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e148. [PMID: 35774845 PMCID: PMC9218544 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Jia Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Chang‐Geng Song
- Department of Neurology Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ji‐Min Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ling Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiang‐Min Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Zhi‐Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
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10
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Mutti V, Bono F, Tomasoni Z, Bontempi L, Guglielmi A, Bolognin S, Schwamborn JC, Missale C, Fiorentini C. Structural Plasticity of Dopaminergic Neurons Requires the Activation of the D3R-nAChR Heteromer and the PI3K-ERK1/2/Akt-Induced Expression of c-Fos and p70S6K Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2129-2149. [PMID: 35044626 PMCID: PMC9016044 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the heteromer composed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (D3R-nAChR heteromer) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons, activated by nicotine and represents the molecular unit that, in these neurons, contributes to the modulation of critical events such as structural plasticity and neuroprotection. We now extended this study by investigating the D3R-nAChR heteromer properties using various cell models such as transfected HEK293 cells, primary cultures of mouse dopaminergic neurons and human dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. We found that the D3R-nAChR heteromer is the molecular effector that transduces the remodeling properties not only associated with nicotine but also with D3R agonist stimulation: neither nAChR nor D3R, in fact, when express as monomers, are able to elicit these effects. Moreover, strong and sustained activation of the PI3K-ERK1/2/Akt pathways is coupled with D3R-nAChR heteromer stimulation, leading to the expression of the immediate-early gene c-Fos and to sustained phosphorylation of cytosolic p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), critical for dendritic remodeling. By contrast, while D3R stimulation results in rapid and transient activation of both Erk1/2 and Akt, that is PI3K-dependent, stimulation of nAChR is associated with persistent activation of Erk1/2 and Akt, in a PI3K-independent way. Thus, the D3R-nAChR heteromer and its ability to trigger the PI3K-ERK1/2/Akt signaling pathways may represent a novel target for preserving dopaminergic neurons healthy and for conferring neuronal protection against injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mutti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Bono
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Zaira Tomasoni
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bontempi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Adele Guglielmi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Bolognin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Cristina Missale
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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11
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Clauss NJ, Koek W, Daws LC. Role of Organic Cation Transporter 3 and Plasma Membrane Monoamine Transporter in the Rewarding Properties and Locomotor Sensitizing Effects of Amphetamine in Male andFemale Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413420. [PMID: 34948221 PMCID: PMC8708598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of effective treatment and sex-based disparities in psychostimulant addiction and overdose warrant further investigation into mechanisms underlying the abuse-related effects of amphetamine-like stimulants. Uptake-2 transporters such as organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) and plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), lesser studied potential targets for the actions of stimulant drugs, are known to play a role in monoaminergic neurotransmission. Our goal was to examine the roles of OCT3 and PMAT in mediating amphetamine (1 mg/kg)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and sensitization to its locomotor stimulant effects, in males and females, using pharmacological, decynium-22 (D22; 0.1 mg/kg, a blocker of OCT3 and PMAT) and genetic (constitutive OCT3 and PMAT knockout (−/−) mice) approaches. Our results show that OCT3 is necessary for the development of CPP to amphetamine in males, whereas in females, PMAT is necessary for the ability of D22 to prevent the development of CPP to amphetamine. Both OCT3 and PMAT appear to be important for development of sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effect of amphetamine in females, and PMAT in males. Taken together, these findings support an important, sex-dependent role of OCT3 and PMAT in the rewarding and locomotor stimulant effects of amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki J. Clauss
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: (N.J.C.); (L.C.D.)
| | - Wouter Koek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lynette C. Daws
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: (N.J.C.); (L.C.D.)
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12
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Elkfury JL, Antunes LC, Dal Moro Angoleri L, Sipmann RB, de Souza A, da Silva Torres IL, Caumo W. Dysfunctional eating behavior in fibromyalgia and its association with serum biomarkers of brain plasticity (BDNF and S100B): an exploratory study. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2021; 65:713-722. [PMID: 34591410 PMCID: PMC10065384 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess disordered eating, hunger and satiety perceptions in women with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to healthy controls (HC) and their association with biomarkers of brain plasticity (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B)). METHODS Cross-sectional exploratory study. The sample included FM (n = 20) and HC (n = 19), matched to age and waist perimeter. Dysfunctional eating was assessed through the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and Eating Disorders Examination with a questionnaire. Hunger and satiety levels were rated by a Numerical Scale. Serum leptin, S100B and BDNF were analyzed. RESULTS The MANCOVA analysis showed that the mean of Emotional Eating rates was 30.65% higher in FM compared to HC (p = 0.015). Eating, shape and weight concerns were 77.77%, 57.14% and 52.22% higher in FM (p = <0.001) compared to HC, respectively. Moreover, the FM group reported higher scores for feeling of hunger "[5.2 (±2.9) vs. 4.8 (±2.0); p = 0.042] and lower scores for satiety [7.0 (±1.7) vs. 8.3 (±1.0); p = 0.038]. In the FM group, serum BDNF was negatively associated with hunger (r = - 0.52; p = 0.02), while S100B was positively associated with hunger scores (r = 0.463; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION The present findings support the hypothesis that the association between FM and obesity can be mediated by a hedonistic pathway. Further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Lorenzzi Elkfury
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Luciana C Antunes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Divisão de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Letícia Dal Moro Angoleri
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Laboratório de Dor e Neuromodulação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Raquel Busanello Sipmann
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Laboratório de Dor e Neuromodulação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, LaSalle, Canoas, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres
- Laboratório de Dor e Neuromodulação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Laboratório de Dor e Neuromodulação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil,
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13
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Ventral tegmental area GABAergic inhibition of cholinergic interneurons in the ventral nucleus accumbens shell promotes reward reinforcement. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1414-1428. [PMID: 34385700 PMCID: PMC8823543 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The long-range GABAergic input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is relatively understudied, and therefore its role in reward processing has remained unknown. In the present study, we show, in both male and female mice, that long-range GABAergic projections from the VTA to the ventral NAc shell, but not to the dorsal NAc shell or NAc core, are engaged in reward and reinforcement behavior. We show that this GABAergic projection exclusively synapses on to cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in the ventral NAc shell, thereby serving a specialized function in modulating reinforced reward behavior through the inhibition of ventral NAc shell CINs. These findings highlight the diversity in the structural and functional topography of VTA GABAergic projections, and their neuromodulatory interactions across the dorsoventral gradient of the NAc shell. They also further our understanding of neuronal circuits that are directly implicated in neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression and addiction.
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14
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Reese ED, Kane LF, Paquette CE, Frohlich F, Daughters SB. Lost in Translation: the Gap Between Neurobiological Mechanisms and Psychosocial Treatment Research for Substance Use Disorders. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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McKenna JT, Yang C, Bellio T, Anderson-Chernishof MB, Gamble MC, Hulverson A, McCoy JG, Winston S, Hodges E, Katsuki F, McNally JM, Basheer R, Brown RE. Characterization of basal forebrain glutamate neurons suggests a role in control of arousal and avoidance behavior. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1755-1778. [PMID: 33997911 PMCID: PMC8340131 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The basal forebrain (BF) is involved in arousal, attention, and reward processing but the role of individual BF neuronal subtypes is still being uncovered. Glutamatergic neurons are the least well-understood of the three main BF neurotransmitter phenotypes. Here we analyzed the distribution, size, calcium-binding protein content and projections of the major group of BF glutamatergic neurons expressing the vesicular glutamate transporter subtype 2 (vGluT2) and tested the functional effect of activating them. Mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the vGluT2 promoter were crossed with a reporter strain expressing the red fluorescent protein, tdTomato, to generate vGluT2-cre-tdTomato mice. Immunohistochemical staining for choline acetyltransferase and a cross with mice expressing green fluorescent protein selectively in GABAergic neurons confirmed that cholinergic, GABAergic and vGluT2+ neurons represent distinct BF subpopulations. Subsets of BF vGluT2+ neurons expressed the calcium-binding proteins calbindin or calretinin, suggesting that multiple subtypes of BF vGluT2+ neurons exist. Anterograde tracing using adeno-associated viral vectors expressing channelrhodopsin2-enhanced yellow fluorescent fusion proteins revealed major projections of BF vGluT2+ neurons to neighboring BF cholinergic and parvalbumin neurons, as well as to extra-BF areas involved in the control of arousal or aversive/rewarding behavior such as the lateral habenula and ventral tegmental area. Optogenetic activation of BF vGluT2+ neurons elicited a striking avoidance of the area where stimulation was given, whereas stimulation of BF parvalbumin or cholinergic neurons did not. Together with previous optogenetic findings suggesting an arousal-promoting role, our findings suggest that BF vGluT2 neurons play a dual role in promoting wakefulness and avoidance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T McKenna
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Chun Yang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Thomas Bellio
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
- Stonehill College, Easton, MA, 02357, USA
| | - Marissa B Anderson-Chernishof
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Mackenzie C Gamble
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
- Stonehill College, Easton, MA, 02357, USA
| | - Abigail Hulverson
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
- Stonehill College, Easton, MA, 02357, USA
| | - John G McCoy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
- Stonehill College, Easton, MA, 02357, USA
| | - Stuart Winston
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Erik Hodges
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Fumi Katsuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - James M McNally
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Radhika Basheer
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Ritchie E Brown
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA.
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16
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Hassanlou AA, Jamali S, RayatSanati K, Mousavi Z, Haghparast A. Cannabidiol modulates the METH-induced conditioned place preference through D2-like dopamine receptors in the hippocampal CA1 region. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:43-51. [PMID: 33862125 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The main problem with addiction is a relapse with a high rate in methamphetamine (METH) abusers. Using addictive drugs repetitively will cause the reward. METH reward is due to an increase in dopamine levels, and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has a modulatory role in reward through CB1 receptors. On the other hand, the hippocampus plays an important role in learning and memory, so it is involved in the neuroplasticity caused by METH abuse. Cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to reduce the effects of METH through different mechanisms such as increasing the ECS activity, regulating emotional memory in the ventral hippocampus through D2-like dopamine receptors, and decreasing the mesolimbic dopaminergic activity. The present study tried to find out the role of hippocampal CA1 D2-like dopamine receptors (D2R) in the effects of cannabidiol on the acquisition and expression of METH-induced conditioned place preference (METH-CPP) in rats by using microinjection of sulpiride as a D2R antagonist. For this purpose, different groups of animals received different doses of sulpiride (0.25, 1, and 4 μg/0.5 μL DMSO; CA1), once prior to the injection of CBD (10 μg/5 μL for acquisition and 50 μg/5 μL for expression; ICV) and once in the absence of CBD. Control groups were also considered. In brief, findings showed that cannabidiol decreases METH-induced CPP. Intra-CA1 administration of sulpiride reversed the decreasing effects of cannabidiol on METH-induced CPP in both acquisition and expression phases but more prominent in the expression phase. The results showed that sulpiride did not affect the METH-induced CPP in the absence of cannabidiol. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that cannabidiol decreased METH-induced CPP in part through interaction with hippocampal CA1 D2-dopamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Arash Hassanlou
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shole Jamali
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia RayatSanati
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Cuitavi J, Hipólito L, Canals M. The Life Cycle of the Mu-Opioid Receptor. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:315-328. [PMID: 33127216 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptors (ORs) are undisputed targets for the treatment of pain. Unfortunately, targeting these receptors therapeutically poses significant challenges including addiction, dependence, tolerance, and the appearance of side effects, such as respiratory depression and constipation. Moreover, misuse of prescription and illicit narcotics has resulted in the current opioid crisis. The mu-opioid receptor (MOR) is the cellular mediator of the effects of most commonly used opioids, and is a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) where new pharmacological, signalling and cell biology concepts have been coined. This review summarises the knowledge of the life cycle of this therapeutic target, including its biogenesis, trafficking to and from the plasma membrane, and how the regulation of these processes impacts its function and is related to pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cuitavi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Lucía Hipólito
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, the Midlands, UK.
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18
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Arvidsson E, Gabulya S, Brodin AT, Karlsson TE, Olson L. Forebrain NgR1 Overexpression Impairs DA Release Suggesting Synergy of Local and Global Synaptic Plasticity Mechanisms. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:545854. [PMID: 33362526 PMCID: PMC7758427 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.545854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural synaptic reorganizations needed to permanently embed novel memories in the brain involve complex plasticity-enhancing and plasticity-inhibiting systems. Increased neural activity is linked to rapid downregulation of Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1), needed to allow local structural synaptic plasticity. This local regulation of plasticity is thought to be moderated by global systems, such as the ascending cholinergic and monoaminergic systems, adding significance to locally increased neural activity. Here we address the reverse possibility that the global systems may also be influenced by the status of local plasticity. Using NgR1-overexpressing mice, with impaired plasticity and long-term memory, we measured the ability to release dopamine (DA), implicated in regulating plasticity and memory. In vivo chronoamperometric recording with high temporal and spatial resolution revealed severe impairment of potassium chloride (KCl)-induced increase of extracellular DA in the dorsal striatum of mice overexpressing NgR1 in forebrain neurons. A similar, but lesser, impairment of DA release was seen following amphetamine delivery. In contrast, potassium chloride-evoked DA release in NgR1 knockout (KO) mice led to increased levels of extracellular DA. That NgR1 can impair DA signaling, thereby further dampening synaptic plasticity, suggests a new role for NgR1 signaling, acting in synergy with DA signaling to control synaptic plasticity. Significance Statement:The inverse correlation between local NgR1 levels and magnitude of KCl-inducible amounts of DA release in the striatum reinforces the rule of NgR1 as a regulator of structural synaptic plasticity and suggests synergy between local and global plasticity regulating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Arvidsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarolta Gabulya
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alvin Tore Brodin
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Retrograde Labeling Illuminates Distinct Topographical Organization of D1 and D2 Receptor-Positive Pyramidal Neurons in the Prefrontal Cortex of Mice. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0194-20.2020. [PMID: 33037031 PMCID: PMC7665905 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0194-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cortex plays an important role in regulating motivation and cognition, and does so by regulating multiple subcortical brain circuits. Glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are topographically organized in different subregions such as the prelimbic, infralimbic (IL), and orbitofrontal and project to topographically-organized subcortical target regions. Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are expressed on glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in the PFC. However, it is unclear whether D1 and D2 receptor-expressing pyramidal neurons in the PFC are also topographically organized. We used a retrograde adeno-associated virus (AAVRG)-based approach to illuminate the topographical organization of D1 and D2 receptor-expressing neurons, projecting to distinct striatal and midbrain subregions. Our experiments reveal that AAVRG injection in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) or dorsal striatum (dSTR) of D1Cre mice labeled distinct neuronal subpopulations in medial orbitofrontal or prelimbic PFC, respectively. However, AAVRG injection in NAcc or dSTR of D2Cre mice labeled medial orbitofrontal, but not medial prelimbic PFC, respectively. Additionally, D2R+ but not D1R+ PFC neurons were labeled on injection of AAVRG in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Thus, our data are the first to highlight a unique dopamine receptor-specific topographical pattern in the PFC, which could have profound implications for corticostriatal signaling in the basal ganglia.
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20
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Zell V, Steinkellner T, Hollon NG, Warlow SM, Souter E, Faget L, Hunker AC, Jin X, Zweifel LS, Hnasko TS. VTA Glutamate Neuron Activity Drives Positive Reinforcement Absent Dopamine Co-release. Neuron 2020; 107:864-873.e4. [PMID: 32610039 PMCID: PMC7780844 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Like ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons, VTA glutamate neuron activity can support positive reinforcement. However, a subset of VTA neurons co-release DA and glutamate, and DA release might be responsible for behavioral reinforcement induced by VTA glutamate neuron activity. To test this, we used optogenetics to stimulate VTA glutamate neurons in which tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and thus DA biosynthesis, was conditionally ablated using either floxed Th mice or viral-based CRISPR/Cas9. Both approaches led to loss of TH expression in VTA glutamate neurons and loss of DA release from their distal terminals in nucleus accumbens (NAc). Despite loss of the DA signal, optogenetic activation of VTA glutamate cell bodies or axon terminals in NAc was sufficient to support reinforcement. These results suggest that glutamate release from VTA is sufficient to promote reinforcement independent of concomitant DA co-release, establishing a non-DA mechanism by which VTA activity can support reward-seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Zell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas Steinkellner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nick G Hollon
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shelley M Warlow
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth Souter
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lauren Faget
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Avery C Hunker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xin Jin
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Larry S Zweifel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas S Hnasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Research Service VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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Bahi A, Dreyer JL. Lentiviral-mediated up-regulation of let-7d microRNA decreases alcohol intake through down-regulating the dopamine D3 receptor. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 37:70-81. [PMID: 32646740 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that Lethal-7 (let-7) microRNA (miRNA) is involved in a wide range of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and cocaine addiction. However, the exact role of let-7d miRNA in regulating ethanol intake and preference remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of accumbal let-7d in controlling ethanol-related behaviors in adult rats. For this purpose, stereotaxic injections of let-7d-overexpressing lentiviral vectors (LV) were administered bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) of Wistar rats. The ethanol-related behaviors were investigated using the two-bottle choice (TBC) access paradigm, in which the rats had access to 2.5, 5, and 10% ethanol solutions, the grid hanging test (GHT) and ethanol-induced loss-of-righting-reflex (LORR) test. The results showed that intra-accumbally administered let-7d-overexpressing LV significantly decreased ethanol intake and preference without having significant effects on body weight, consumption or preference for tastants (saccharin and quinine) or ethanol metabolism. Furthermore, accumbal let-7d increased resistance to ethanol-induced sedation in the GHT and LORR test. Most importantly, the data showed that the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) was a candidate target of let-7d In fact, and using real time PCR, let-7d was found to directly target D3R mRNA to decrease its expression. Further analyses proved that D3R expression was negatively correlated with the levels of let-7d and ethanol-related behaviors parameters. Taken together, the data indicating that let-7d impaired ethanol-related behaviors by targeting D3R will open up new exciting possibilities and might provide potential therapeutic evidence for alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Bahi
- College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Jean-Luc Dreyer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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22
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Jalles C, Chendo I, Levy P, Reimão S. Neuromelanin changes in first episode psychosis with substance abuse. Schizophr Res 2020; 220:283-284. [PMID: 32253077 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constança Jalles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical Pharmachology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Inês Chendo
- Clinical Pharmachology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal; Psychiatry Department, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal; Psychiatry University Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Levy
- Psychiatry Department, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Reimão
- Clinical Pharmachology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal; Imaging University Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Neurological Imaging Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
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Zilkha N, Barnea‐Ygael N, Keidar L, Zangen A. Increased relapse to cocaine-seeking in a genetic model for depression. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12756. [PMID: 31062481 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The greatest difficulty in treating cocaine addiction is the enormous rates of relapse, which occur despite immense negative consequences. Relapse risks are even greater in addicts with comorbid depression, perhaps because they use drugs to alleviate depressive symptoms. Only a few preclinical studies have examined this comorbidity, mostly exploring depressive-like effects following drug exposure. We examined rats from two different depression-like models: (a) chronic-mild-stress (CMS), which respond to antidepressant medications and (b) depressed-rat-line (DRL), a genetic model of selective breeding, which is less responsive to antidepressant medications. We tested addictive behaviors in a cocaine self-administration procedure, including the "conflict model," where drug-seeking and relapse encounter adverse consequences: an electrified grid in front of the drug-delivering lever. Following behavioral testing, we explored a potential association between behavioral outcomes and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We found that DRL rats self-administer more cocaine compared with both CMS and controls, while CMS and control groups did not differ significantly. Notably, DRL but not CMS rats, displayed higher rates of relapse than controls, and expressed higher levels of BDNF in the prelimbic cortex (PLC). Potential translation of these results suggest that medication-resistant depressed patients tend to consume more drugs and are more susceptible to relapse. The increase in PLC BDNF levels is consistent with previous rat models of depression, and concomitantly, with its suggested role in promoting cocaine-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Zilkha
- Department of NeurobiologyWeizmann institute of Science Rehovot Israel
- Department of Life Sciences and the Zlotowski Center for NeuroscienceBen‐Gurion University Be'er Sheva Israel
| | - Noam Barnea‐Ygael
- Department of Life Sciences and the Zlotowski Center for NeuroscienceBen‐Gurion University Be'er Sheva Israel
| | - Liraz Keidar
- Department of NeurobiologyWeizmann institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Department of Life Sciences and the Zlotowski Center for NeuroscienceBen‐Gurion University Be'er Sheva Israel
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24
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TBHQ Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced by Methamphetamine in the VTA through the Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8787156. [PMID: 32351675 PMCID: PMC7174937 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8787156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) leads to nervous system toxicity. Long-term exposure to METH results in damage to dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and depression-like behavior is a clinical symptom of this toxicity. The current study was designed to investigate whether the antioxidant tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) can alleviate neurotoxicity through both antioxidative stress and antiapoptotic signaling pathways in the VTA. Rats were randomly divided into a control group, a METH-treated group (METH group), and a METH+TBHQ-treated group (METH+TBHQ group). Intraperitoneal injections of METH at a dose of 10 mg/kg were administered to the rats in the METH and METH+TBHQ groups for one week, and METH was then administered at a dose that increased by 1 mg/kg per week until the sixth week, when the daily dosage reached 15 mg/kg. The rats in the METH+TBHQ group received 12.5 mg/kg TBHQ intragastrically. Chronic exposure to METH resulted in increased immobility times in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) and led to depression-like behavior. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis levels were increased in the VTA of animals in the METH-treated group. METH downregulated Nrf2, HO-1, PI3K, and AKT, key factors of oxidative stress, and the apoptosis signaling pathway. Moreover, METH increased the caspase-3 immunocontent. These changes were reversed by treatment with the antioxidant TBHQ. The results indicate that TBHQ can enhance Nrf2-induced antioxidative stress and PI3K-induced antiapoptotic effects, which can alleviate METH-induced ROS and apoptosis, and that the crosstalk between Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT is likely the key factor involved in the protective effect of TBHQ against METH-induced chronic nervous system toxicity.
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25
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Kardos J, Dobolyi Á, Szabó Z, Simon Á, Lourmet G, Palkovits M, Héja L. Molecular Plasticity of the Nucleus Accumbens Revisited-Astrocytic Waves Shall Rise. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7950-7965. [PMID: 31134458 PMCID: PMC6834761 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Part of the ventral striatal division, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) drives the circuit activity of an entire macrosystem about reward like a "flagship," signaling and leading diverse conducts. Accordingly, NAc neurons feature complex inhibitory phenotypes that assemble to process circuit inputs and generate outputs by exploiting specific arrays of opposite and/or parallel neurotransmitters, neuromodulatory peptides. The resulting complex combinations enable versatile yet specific forms of accumbal circuit plasticity, including maladaptive behaviors. Although reward signaling and behavior are elaborately linked to neuronal circuit activities, it is plausible to propose whether these neuronal ensembles and synaptic islands can be directly controlled by astrocytes, a powerful modulator of neuronal activity. Pioneering studies showed that astrocytes in the NAc sense citrate cycle metabolites and/or ATP and may induce recurrent activation. We argue that the astrocytic calcium, GABA, and Glu signaling and altered sodium and chloride dynamics fundamentally shape metaplasticity by providing active regulatory roles in the synapse- and network-level flexibility of the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Kardos
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1086, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szabó
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Simon
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Guillaume Lourmet
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1086, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 58, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - László Héja
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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Bimpisidis Z, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Neurocircuitry of Reward and Addiction: Potential Impact of Dopamine-Glutamate Co-release as Future Target in Substance Use Disorder. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1887. [PMID: 31698743 PMCID: PMC6912639 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine-glutamate co-release is a unique property of midbrain neurons primarily located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Dopamine neurons of the VTA are important for behavioral regulation in response to rewarding substances, including natural rewards and addictive drugs. The impact of glutamate co-release on behaviors regulated by VTA dopamine neurons has been challenging to probe due to lack of selective methodology. However, several studies implementing conditional knockout and optogenetics technologies in transgenic mice have during the past decade pointed towards a role for glutamate co-release in multiple physiological and behavioral processes of importance to substance use and abuse. In this review, we discuss these studies to highlight findings that may be critical when considering mechanisms of importance for prevention and treatment of substance abuse.
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Glutamatergic Neurons in the Piriform Cortex Influence the Activity of D1- and D2-Type Receptor-Expressing Olfactory Tubercle Neurons. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9546-9559. [PMID: 31628176 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1444-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory cortices process stimuli in manners essential for perception. Very little is known regarding interactions between olfactory cortices. The piriform "primary" olfactory cortex, especially its anterior division (aPCX), extends dense association fibers into the ventral striatum's olfactory tubercle (OT), yet whether this corticostriatal pathway is capable of shaping OT activity, including odor-evoked activity, is unknown. Further unresolved is the synaptic circuitry and the spatial localization of OT-innervating PCX neurons. Here we build upon standing literature to provide some answers to these questions through studies in mice of both sexes. First, we recorded the activity of OT neurons in awake mice while optically stimulating principal neurons in the aPCX and/or their association fibers in the OT while the mice were delivered odors. This uncovered evidence that PCX input indeed influences OT unit activity. We then used patch-clamp recordings and viral tracing to determine the connectivity of aPCX neurons upon OT neurons expressing dopamine receptor types D1 or D2, two prominent cell populations in the OT. These investigations uncovered that both populations of neurons receive monosynaptic inputs from aPCX glutamatergic neurons. Interestingly, this input originates largely from the ventrocaudal aPCX. These results shed light on some of the basic physiological properties of this pathway and the cell-types involved and provide a foundation for future studies to identify, among other things, whether this pathway has implications for perception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sensory cortices interact to process stimuli in manners considered essential for perception. Very little is known regarding interactions between olfactory cortices. The present study sheds light on some of the basic physiological properties of a particular intercortical pathway in the olfactory system and provides a foundation for future studies to identify, among other things, whether this pathway has implications for perception.
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The NeuroD6 Subtype of VTA Neurons Contributes to Psychostimulant Sensitization and Behavioral Reinforcement. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0066-19.2019. [PMID: 31097625 PMCID: PMC6565376 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0066-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Reward-related behavior is complex and its dysfunction correlated with neuropsychiatric illness. Dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have long been associated with different aspects of reward function, but it remains to be disentangled how distinct VTA DA neurons contribute to the full range of behaviors ascribed to the VTA. Here, a recently identified subtype of VTA neurons molecularly defined by NeuroD6 (NEX1M) was addressed. Among all VTA DA neurons, less than 15% were identified as positive for NeuroD6. In addition to dopaminergic markers, sparse NeuroD6 neurons expressed the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) gene. To achieve manipulation of NeuroD6 VTA neurons, NeuroD6(NEX)-Cre-driven mouse genetics and optogenetics were implemented. First, expression of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) was ablated to disrupt dopaminergic function in NeuroD6 VTA neurons. Comparing Vmat2lox/lox;NEX-Cre conditional knock-out (cKO) mice with littermate controls, it was evident that baseline locomotion, preference for sugar and ethanol, and place preference upon amphetamine-induced and cocaine-induced conditioning were similar between genotypes. However, locomotion upon repeated psychostimulant administration was significantly elevated above control levels in cKO mice. Second, optogenetic activation of NEX-Cre VTA neurons was shown to induce DA release and glutamatergic postsynaptic currents within the nucleus accumbens. Third, optogenetic stimulation of NEX-Cre VTA neurons in vivo induced significant place preference behavior, while stimulation of VTA neurons defined by Calretinin failed to cause a similar response. The results show that NeuroD6 VTA neurons exert distinct regulation over specific aspects of reward-related behavior, findings that contribute to the current understanding of VTA neurocircuitry.
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29
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Shou J, Tran A, Snyder N, Bleem E, Kim S. Distinct Roles of GluA2-lacking AMPA Receptor Expression in Dopamine D1 or D2 Receptor Neurons in Animal Behavior. Neuroscience 2019; 398:102-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Re-wiring the alcoholic human brain. Alcohol 2019; 74:113-124. [PMID: 30420113 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In spite of significant advances in understanding the neural underpinnings of AUDs, therapeutic options remain limited. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as an innovative, safe, and cost-effective treatment for AUDs. Here, we summarize the fundamental principles of rTMS and its putative mechanisms of action via neurocircuitries related to alcohol addiction. We will also discuss advantages and limitations of rTMS, and argue that Hebbian plasticity and connectivity changes, as well as state-dependency, play a role in shaping some of the long-term effects of rTMS. Visual imaging studies will be linked to recent clinical pilot studies describing the effect of rTMS on alcohol craving and intake, pinpointing new advances, and highlighting conceptual gaps to be filled by future controlled studies.
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Leggio GM, Di Marco R, Gulisano W, D'Ascenzo M, Torrisi SA, Geraci F, Lavanco G, Dahl K, Giurdanella G, Castorina A, Aitta-Aho T, Aceto G, Bucolo C, Puzzo D, Grassi C, Korpi ER, Drago F, Salomone S. Dopaminergic-GABAergic interplay and alcohol binge drinking. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:384-391. [PMID: 30648615 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R), in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), plays an important role in alcohol reward mechanisms. The major neuronal type within the NAc is the GABAergic medium spiny neuron (MSN), whose activity is regulated by dopaminergic inputs. We previously reported that genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of D3R increases GABAA α6 subunit in the ventral striatum. Here we tested the hypothesis that D3R-dependent changes in GABAA α6 subunit in the NAc affect voluntary alcohol intake, by influencing the inhibitory transmission of MSNs. We performed in vivo and ex vivo experiments in D3R knockout (D3R -/-) mice and wild type littermates (D3R +/+). Ro 15-4513, a high affinity α6-GABAA ligand was used to study α6 activity. At baseline, NAc α6 expression was negligible in D3R+/+, whereas it was robust in D3R-/-; other relevant GABAA subunits were not changed. In situ hybridization and qPCR confirmed α6 subunit mRNA expression especially in the NAc. In the drinking-in-the-dark paradigm, systemic administration of Ro 15-4513 inhibited alcohol intake in D3R+/+, but increased it in D3R-/-; this was confirmed by intra-NAc administration of Ro 15-4513 and furosemide, a selective α6-GABAA antagonist. Whole-cell patch-clamp showed peak amplitudes of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in NAc medium spiny neurons higher in D3R-/- compared to D3R+/+; Ro 15-4513 reduced the peak amplitude in the NAc of D3R-/-, but not in D3R+/+. We conclude that D3R-dependent enhanced expression of α6 GABAA subunit inhibits voluntary alcohol intake by increasing GABA inhibition in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Marco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Walter Gulisano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Ascenzo
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Sebastiano Alfio Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Geraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Kristiina Dahl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giovanni Giurdanella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Teemu Aitta-Aho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giuseppe Aceto
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Esa R Korpi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Cole SL, Robinson MJF, Berridge KC. Optogenetic self-stimulation in the nucleus accumbens: D1 reward versus D2 ambivalence. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207694. [PMID: 30496206 PMCID: PMC6264872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) contains multiple subpopulations of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). One subpopulation expresses D1-type dopamine receptors, another expresses D2-type receptors, and a third expresses both. The relative roles in NAc of D1 neurons versus D2 neurons in appetitive motivation were assessed here. Specifically, we asked whether D1-Cre mice would instrumentally seek optogenetic self-stimulation specifically targeted at D1 MSNs in NAc, and similarly if D2-Cre mice would self-stimulate D2 neurons in NAc. Mice were implanted with Cre-targeted channelrhodopsin (ChR2) virus and optic fibers in NAc. Subsequently, mice could earn brief NAc laser illuminations by actively touching a metal spout in one task, or by going to a particular location in a separate task. Results indicated that D1 neuronal excitation in NAc supported intense self-stimulation in both tasks. D1-Cre mice earned hundreds to thousands of spout-touches per half-hour session, and also sought out locations that delivered NAc laser to excite D1 MSNs. By comparison, D2 ChR2 mice showed lower but still positive levels of self-stimulation in the spout-touch task, earning dozens to hundreds of NAc laser illuminations. However, in the location task, D2 mice failed to show positive self-stimulation. If anything, a few D2 individuals gradually avoided the laser location. Brain-wide measures indicated that D1 and D2 stimulations in NAc recruited heavily overlapping patterns of Fos activation in distant limbic structures. These results confirm that excitation of D1 MSNs in NAc supports strong incentive motivation to self-stimulate. They also suggest that excitation of D2 neurons in NAc supports self-stimulation under some conditions, but fails under others and possibly may even shift to negative avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Cole
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mike J. F. Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kent C. Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Abor, Michigan, United States of America
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García-Gutiérrez MS, Navarrete F, Laborda J, Manzanares J. Deletion of Dlk1 increases the vulnerability to developing anxiety-like behaviors and ethanol consumption in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:37-44. [PMID: 30268817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and alcohol use disorders (AUD) often present together, constituting a significant public health problem worldwide. In this study, we investigated the role of DLK1, a ligand of the Delta/NOTCH epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like protein family, reported to play a role in DA neurons differentiation in the striatum, as a neurobiological factor involved in the mechanisms regulating this psychiatric comorbidity. We exposed Dlk1 knockout mice (Dlk1-/- mice) to the open-field (OF), the light-dark box (LBD) and the elevated plus maze (EPM) tests, evaluating motivation to drink and ethanol consumption using the oral ethanol self-administration (OEA) paradigm. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) studies were carried out to evaluate alterations in targets closely related to DA neurotransmission in the reward system, tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and μ-opioid receptor (Oprm1) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). No differences were observed in the total or peripheral distances travelled by Dlk1-/- compared to wild-type (WT) mice in OF. However, central distance travelled significantly decreased in Dlk1-/- mice. Deletion of Dlk1 increased anxiety-like behaviors in the LDB and EPM, and, Dlk1-/- mice also presented higher ethanol intake and motivation to drink (number of effective responses) in the OEA. In addition, Th and Oprm1 gene expression was reduced in the VTA and NAc of Dlk1-/- mice. We conclude that deletion of Dlk1 increases anxiety-related behaviors and vulnerability to ethanol consumption and modifies the gene expression of key targets closely related with DA neurotransmission involved in the reinforcing actions of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S García-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Neurosciences, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; Topic-based Network for Cooperative Health Research (RETICS), Substance Abuse Network, Health Institute Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarrete
- Institute of Neurosciences, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; Topic-based Network for Cooperative Health Research (RETICS), Substance Abuse Network, Health Institute Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Laborda
- School of Pharmacy, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Biomedicine Unit UCLM-CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Institute of Neurosciences, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; Topic-based Network for Cooperative Health Research (RETICS), Substance Abuse Network, Health Institute Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
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Huber R, Imeh-Nathaniel A, Nathaniel TI, Gore S, Datta U, Bhimani R, Panksepp JB, Panksepp J, van Staaden MJ. Drug-sensitive Reward in Crayfish: Exploring the Neural Basis of Addiction with Automated Learning Paradigms. Behav Processes 2018; 152:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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A genetic reduction in the serotonin transporter differentially influences MDMA and heroin induced behaviours. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1907-1914. [PMID: 29560525 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite ongoing study and research to better understand drug addiction, it continues to be a heavy burden. Only a small percentage of individuals who take drugs of abuse go on to develop addiction. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that a reduction in the serotonin transporter may play an important role for those that transition to compulsive drug taking. Studies have demonstrated that reduced serotonin transporter function potentiates self-administration of psychostimulant drugs ("ecstasy," MDMA; cocaine); however, additional research revealed no differences between genotypes when the opioid heroin was self-administered. These results suggest that a reduction in the serotonin transporter may confer susceptibility to the development of addiction to some classes of drugs but not others. Importantly, the mechanism underlying facilitated psychostimulant self-administration is currently unknown. METHODS Therefore, to continue investigating the relationship between compromised serotonergic function and different classes of drugs, a series of experiments was conducted investigating locomotor activity (LMA) and conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in the serotonin transporter knockout (SERT KO) rat model. RESULTS MDMA-induced hyperactivity was reduced, while MDMA-induced CTA was enhanced, in SERT KO rats. However, there were no genotype differences in heroin-induced behaviours. CONCLUSIONS These results reinforce the idea that a reduction in the serotonin transporter drives differential effects between disparate classes of drugs of abuse.
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A neural network for intermale aggression to establish social hierarchy. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:834-842. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Marcott PF, Gong S, Donthamsetti P, Grinnell SG, Nelson MN, Newman AH, Birnbaumer L, Martemyanov KA, Javitch JA, Ford CP. Regional Heterogeneity of D2-Receptor Signaling in the Dorsal Striatum and Nucleus Accumbens. Neuron 2018; 98:575-587.e4. [PMID: 29656874 PMCID: PMC6048973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine input to the dorsal and ventral striatum originates from separate populations of midbrain neurons. Despite differences in afferent inputs and behavioral output, little is known about how dopamine release is encoded by dopamine receptors on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) across striatal subregions. Here we examined the activation of D2 receptors following the synaptic release of dopamine in the dorsal striatum (DStr) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. We found that D2 receptor-mediated synaptic currents were slower in the NAc and this difference occurred at the level of D2-receptor signaling. As a result of preferential coupling to Gαo, we also found that D2 receptors in MSNs demonstrated higher sensitivity for dopamine in the NAc. The higher sensitivity in the NAc was eliminated following cocaine exposure. These results identify differences in the sensitivity and timing of D2-receptor signaling across the striatum that influence how nigrostriatal and mesolimbic signals are encoded across these circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela F Marcott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Steven G Grinnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Melissa N Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amy H Newman
- National Institute of Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA; Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christopher P Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Fischer KD, Houston ACW, Desai RI, Doyle MR, Bergman J, Mian M, Mannix R, Sulzer DL, Choi SJ, Mosharov EV, Hodgson NW, Bechtholt A, Miczek KA, Rosenberg PA. Behavioral phenotyping and dopamine dynamics in mice with conditional deletion of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 in neurons: resistance to the acute locomotor effects of amphetamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1371-1387. [PMID: 29468294 PMCID: PMC5999338 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE GLT-1 is the major glutamate transporter in the brain and is expressed predominantly in astrocytes but is also present in excitatory axon terminals. To understand the functional significance of GLT-1 expressed in neurons, we generated a conditional GLT-1 knockout mouse and inactivated GLT-1 in neurons using Cre-recombinase expressed under the synapsin 1 promoter, (synGLT-1 KO). OBJECTIVES Abnormalities of glutamate homeostasis have been shown to affect hippocampal-related behaviors including learning and memory as well as responses to drugs of abuse. Here, we asked whether deletion of GLT-1 specifically from neurons would affect behaviors that assessed locomotor activity, cognitive function, sensorimotor gating, social interaction, as well as amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity. METHODS/RESULTS We found that the neuronal GLT-1 KO mice performed similarly to littermate controls in the behavioral tests we studied. Although performance in open field testing was normal, the acute locomotor response to amphetamine was significantly blunted in the synGLT-1 KO (40% of control). We found no change in amphetamine-stimulated extracellular dopamine in the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens, no change in electrically stimulated or amphetamine-induced dopamine release, and no change in dopamine tissue content. CONCLUSIONS These results support the view that GLT-1 expression in neurons is required for amphetamine-induced behavioral activation, and suggest that this phenotype is not produced through a change in dopamine uptake or release. Although GLT-1 is highly expressed in neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, the tests used in this study were not able to detect a behavioral phenotype referable to hippocampal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D Fischer
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alex C W Houston
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rajeev I Desai
- Preclinical Pharmacology Program, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Michelle R Doyle
- Preclinical Pharmacology Program, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Jack Bergman
- Preclinical Pharmacology Program, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Maha Mian
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David L Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Se Joon Choi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Hodgson
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anita Bechtholt
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Klaus A Miczek
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Fujita M, Ide S, Ikeda K. Opioid and nondopamine reward circuitry and state-dependent mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018. [PMID: 29512887 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A common notion is that essentially all addictive drugs, including opioids, activate dopaminergic pathways in the brain reward system, and the inappropriate use of such drugs induces drug dependence. However, an opioid reward response is reportedly still observed in several models of dopamine depletion, including in animals that are treated with dopamine blockers, animals that are subjected to dopaminergic neuron lesions, and dopamine-deficient mice. The intracranial self-stimulation response is enhanced by stimulants but reduced by morphine. These findings suggest that dopaminergic neurotransmission may not always be required for opioid reward responses. Previous findings also indicate the possibility that dopamine-independent opioid reward may be observed in opioid-naive states but not in opioid-dependent states. Therefore, a history of opioid use should be considered when evaluating the dopamine dependency of opioid reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Fujita
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ide
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Bamford NS, Wightman RM, Sulzer D. Dopamine's Effects on Corticostriatal Synapses during Reward-Based Behaviors. Neuron 2018; 97:494-510. [PMID: 29420932 PMCID: PMC5808590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many learned responses depend on the coordinated activation and inhibition of synaptic pathways in the striatum. Local dopamine neurotransmission acts in concert with a variety of neurotransmitters to regulate cortical, thalamic, and limbic excitatory inputs to drive the direct and indirect striatal spiny projection neuron outputs that determine the activity, sequence, and timing of learned behaviors. We review recent advances in the characterization of stereotyped neuronal and operant responses that predict and then obtain rewards. These depend on the local release of dopamine at discrete times during behavioral sequences, which, acting with glutamate, provides a presynaptic filter to select which excitatory synapses are inhibited and which signals pass to indirect pathway circuits. This is followed by dopamine-dependent activation of specific direct pathway circuits to procure a reward. These steps may provide a means by which higher organisms learn behaviors in response to feedback from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel S Bamford
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - R Mark Wightman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Campus, Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Yang H, de Jong JW, Tak Y, Peck J, Bateup HS, Lammel S. Nucleus Accumbens Subnuclei Regulate Motivated Behavior via Direct Inhibition and Disinhibition of VTA Dopamine Subpopulations. Neuron 2018; 97:434-449.e4. [PMID: 29307710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons play a central role in motivation and reward processing. Although the activity of these mesolimbic DA neurons is controlled by afferent inputs, little is known about the circuits in which they are embedded. Using retrograde tracing, electrophysiology, optogenetics, and behavioral assays, we identify principles of afferent-specific control in the mesolimbic DA system. Neurons in the medial shell subdivision of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) exert direct inhibitory control over two separate populations of mesolimbic DA neurons by activating different GABA receptor subtypes. In contrast, NAc lateral shell neurons mainly synapse onto ventral tegmental area (VTA) GABA neurons, resulting in disinhibition of DA neurons that project back to the NAc lateral shell. Lastly, we establish a critical role for NAc subregion-specific input to the VTA underlying motivated behavior. Collectively, our results suggest a distinction in the incorporation of inhibitory inputs between different subtypes of mesolimbic DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Science Addition #3200, CA 94720, USA
| | - Johannes W de Jong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Science Addition #3200, CA 94720, USA
| | - YeEun Tak
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Science Addition #3200, CA 94720, USA
| | - James Peck
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Science Addition #3200, CA 94720, USA
| | - Helen S Bateup
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Science Addition #3200, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephan Lammel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Science Addition #3200, CA 94720, USA.
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Viudez-Martínez A, García-Gutiérrez MS, Navarrón CM, Morales-Calero MI, Navarrete F, Torres-Suárez AI, Manzanares J. Cannabidiol reduces ethanol consumption, motivation and relapse in mice. Addict Biol 2018; 23:154-164. [PMID: 28194850 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on ethanol reinforcement, motivation and relapse in C57BL/6 J mice. The effects of CBD (60 mg/kg, i.p.) on blood ethanol concentration, hypothermia and handling-induced convulsions associated to acute ethanol administration were evaluated. The two-bottle choice paradigm was performed to assess the effects of CBD (30, 60 and 120 mg/kg/day, i.p.) on ethanol intake and preference. In addition, an oral ethanol self-administration experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of CBD [a single s.c. administration of a microparticle formulation providing CBD continuous controlled release (30 mg/kg/day)] on the reinforcement and motivation for ethanol. The effects of CBD (60 and 120 mg/kg/day, i.p.) on ethanol-induced relapse were also evaluated. Gene expression analyses of tyrosine hydroxylase in ventral tegmental area and μ-opioid (Oprm1), cannabinoid (CB1 r and CB2 r) and GPR55 receptors in nucleus accumbens (NAcc) were carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cannabidiol reduced the ethanol-induced hypothermia and handling-induced convulsion but failed to modify blood ethanol concentration. CBD reduced ethanol consumption and preference in the two-bottle choice, significantly decreased ethanol intake and the number of effective responses in the oral ethanol self-administration, and reduced ethanol-induced relapse. Furthermore, the administration of CBD significantly reduced relative gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the ventral tegmental area, Oprm1, CB1 r and GPR55 in the NAcc and significantly increased CB2 r in the NAcc. Taken together, these results reveal that the administration of CBD reduced the reinforcing properties, motivation and relapse for ethanol. These findings strongly suggest that CBD may result useful for the treatment of alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María S. García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias; Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC; Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN, FEDER; Spain
| | | | - María Isabel Morales-Calero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Industrial Pharmacy; Spain
| | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias; Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC; Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN, FEDER; Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Industrial Pharmacy; Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias; Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC; Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN, FEDER; Spain
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Abstract
Synthetic cathinones are derivatives of the naturally occurring compound cathinone, the main psychoactive ingredient in the khat plant Catha edulis. Cathinone is the β-keto analog of amphetamine, and all synthetic cathinones display a β-keto moiety in their structure. Several synthetic cathinones are widely prescribed medications (e.g., bupropion, Wellbutrin®), while others are problematic drugs of abuse (e.g., 4-methylmethcathinone, mephedrone). Similar to amphetamines, synthetic cathinones are psychomotor stimulants that exert their effects by impairing the normal function of plasma membrane transporters for dopamine (DAT), norepinephrine (NET), and 5-HT (SERT). Ring-substituted cathinones like mephedrone are transporter substrates that evoke neurotransmitter release by reversing the normal direction of transporter flux (i.e., releasers), whereas pyrrolidine-containing cathinones like 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) are potent transporter inhibitors that block neurotransmitter uptake (i.e., blockers). Regardless of molecular mechanism, all synthetic cathinones increase extracellular monoamine concentrations in the brain, thereby enhancing cell-to-cell monoamine signaling. Here, we briefly review the mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships, and in vivo pharmacology of synthetic cathinones. Overall, the findings show that certain synthetic cathinones are powerful drugs of abuse that could pose significant risk to users.
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de Zafra CLZ, Markgraf CG, Compton DR, Hudzik TJ. Abuse liability assessment for biologic drugs - All molecules are not created equal. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 92:165-172. [PMID: 29199066 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel drug candidates involves the thorough evaluation of potential efficacy and safety. To facilitate the safety assessment in light of global increases in prescription drug misuse/abuse, health authorities have developed guidance documents which provide a framework for evaluating the abuse liability of candidate therapeutics. The guidances do not distinguish between small molecules and biologics/biotherapeutics; however, there are key differences between these classes of therapeutics which are important drivers of concern for abuse. An analysis of these properties, including ability to distribute to the central nervous system, pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., half-life and metabolism), potential for off-target binding, and the physiochemical characteristics of biologic drug products suggests that the potential for abuse of a biologic is limited. Many marketed antibodies and recombinant proteins have been associated with adverse effects such as headache and dizziness. However, biologics have not historically engendered the rapid-onset psychoactive effects typically present for drugs of abuse, thus further underscoring their low risk for abuse potential. The factors to be taken into consideration before conducting nonclinical abuse liability studies with biologics are described herein; importantly, the aggregate assessment of these factors leads to the conclusion that abuse liability studies are unlikely to be necessary for this class of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carrie G Markgraf
- Preclinical Safety, Discovery Sciences Support, Merck & Co., Ltd., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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Carrà G, Nicolini G, Lax A, Bartoli F, Castellano F, Chiorazzi A, Gamba G, Bava M, Crocamo C, Papagno C. Facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia: An exploratory study on the role of comorbid alcohol and substance use disorders and COMT Val158Met. Hum Psychopharmacol 2017; 32. [PMID: 28913946 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether facial emotion recognition (FER), impaired in both schizophrenia and alcohol and substance use disorders (AUDs/SUDs), is additionally compromised among comorbid subjects, also considering the role of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study, randomly recruiting 67 subjects with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of schizophrenia, and rigorously assessing AUDs/SUDs and COMT Val158Met polymorphism. FER was assessed using the Ekman 60 Faces Test- EK-60F. RESULTS As a whole, the sample scored significantly lower than normative data on EK-60F. However, subjects with comorbid AUDs/SUDs did not perform worse on EK-60F than those without, who had a better performance on EK-60F if they carried the COMT Val/Met variant. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to date examining the impact of AUDs/SUDs and COMT variants on FER in an epidemiologically representative sample of subjects with schizophrenia. Our findings do not suggest an additional impairment from comorbid AUDs/SUDs on FER among subjects with schizophrenia, whilst COMT Val158Met, though based on a limited sample, might have a role just among those without AUDs/SUDs. Based on our results, additional research is needed also exploring differential roles of various substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Nicolini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lax
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Filippo Castellano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessia Chiorazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Gamba
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mattia Bava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Costanza Papagno
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Han X, Jing MY, Zhao TY, Wu N, Song R, Li J. Role of dopamine projections from ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex in reinforcement behaviors assessed using optogenetic manipulation. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1491-1502. [PMID: 28523568 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are predicted to play important roles in reward. In pharmacological studies, the rewarding effects of methamphetamine are mediated by DA neurons localized in the VTA. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortices (mPFC) are the main projections from the VTA. However, the role of these projections remains unclear, particularly the mPFC projections. In the present study, DAT-Cre transgenic mice received an injection of adeno-associated viral vectors encoding channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2) or control vector into the VTA resulting in the selective expression of these opsins in DA neurons. Then, we stimulated the VTA, NAc (core and shell) or mPFC (prelimbic cortex (PL) and infralimbic cortex (IL)) via an optical fiber. The mice with ChR2 learned instrumental responses corresponding to the delivery of photostimulation into the VTA. The projections to the NAc core and shell from the VTA and stimulation of the NAc subregion both induced reinforcement. For projections to the mPFC (IL and PL), we verified that stimulation of the IL induced reinforcement dependent on DA from the VTA but not the PL. Furthermore, micro-infusion of methamphetamine into the NAc core and NAc shell also induced hyper-locomotion in a dose-dependent manner with a slight tendency of increased excitation of the IL but not PL. Taken together, excitation of the projection into the NAc core, NAc shell and IL elicited positive behavior during reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Man-Yi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tai-Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Diana M, Raij T, Melis M, Nummenmaa A, Leggio L, Bonci A. Rehabilitating the addicted brain with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:685-693. [PMID: 28951609 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In spite of considerable advances in understanding the neural underpinnings of SUDs, therapeutic options remain limited. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as an innovative, safe and cost-effective treatment for some SUDs. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) influences neural activity in the short and long term by mechanisms involving neuroplasticity both locally, under the stimulating coil, and at the network level, throughout the brain. The long-term neurophysiological changes induced by rTMS have the potential to affect behaviours relating to drug craving, intake and relapse. Here, we review TMS mechanisms and evidence that rTMS is opening new avenues in addiction treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Diana
- 'G. Minardi' Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Tommi Raij
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Center for Brain Stimulation, the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Aapo Nummenmaa
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)/Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)/Harvard Medical School (HMS) Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, US National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research (NIAAA DICBR) and US National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP), NIH (National Institutes of Health), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; and at the Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Antonello Bonci
- US National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP); and at the Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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48
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Zhang BY, Zhang LZ, Liu S. Effect of reward alteration following acupuncture for morphine withdrawal rats on neuronal discharges in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-017-0980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Jang Y, Lee MH, Park JH, Han SY, Kim DK. TLR3 deficiency increases voluntary alcohol consumption. Neuroreport 2016; 27:356-60. [PMID: 26885867 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immunity-related receptors. Many studies have indicated the involvement of TLRs in neurophysiology and neuropathology. One study showed that TLR3 regulates hippocampal memory and is highly expressed in the mesolimbic dopamine system, suggesting that TLR3 signaling may regulate alcohol consumption. The present study assessed the potential role of TLR3 in alcohol intake pattern. We used adult BalbC wild-type mice and TLR3 knockout mice and tested two-bottle alcohol preference over 15 days and one-bottle 2 or 4 h drinking in the dark over 4 consecutive days. The 10% alcohol consumption rate of TLR3 knockout mice increased on the 24 h free-choice test. Our findings support a potential regulatory role of TLR3 in alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Jang
- Departments of aPhysiology bAnatomy cMyunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon dLaboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Rosell-Negre P, Bustamante JC, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Costumero V, Llopis-Llacer JJ, Barrós-Loscertales A. Reward Contingencies Improve Goal-Directed Behavior by Enhancing Posterior Brain Attentional Regions and Increasing Corticostriatal Connectivity in Cocaine Addicts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167400. [PMID: 27907134 PMCID: PMC5131954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic system provides the basis for the interaction between motivation and cognition. It is triggered by the possibility of obtaining rewards to initiate the neurobehavioral adaptations necessary to achieve them by directing the information from motivational circuits to cognitive and action circuits. In drug addiction, the altered dopamine (DA) modulation of the meso-cortico-limbic reward circuitry, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), underlies the disproportionate motivational value of drug use at the expense of other non-drug reinforcers and the user's loss of control over his/her drug intake. We examine how the magnitude of the reward affects goal-directed processes in healthy control (HC) subjects and abstinent cocaine dependent (ACD) patients by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a counting Stroop task with blocked levels of monetary incentives of different magnitudes (€0, €0.01, €0.5, €1 or €1.5). Our results showed that increasing reward magnitude enhances (1) performance facilitation in both groups; (2) left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity in HC and left superior occipital cortex activity in ACD; and (3) left DLPFC and left putamen connectivity in ACD compared to HC. Moreover, we observed that (4) dorsal striatal and pallidum activity was associated with craving and addiction severity during the parametric increases in the monetary reward. In conclusion, the brain response to gradients in monetary value was different in HC and ACD, but both groups showed improved task performance due to the possibility of obtaining greater monetary rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rosell-Negre
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología. Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Juan-Carlos Bustamante
- Departamento de Psicologia y Sociología. Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paola Fuentes-Claramonte
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología. Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Víctor Costumero
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología. Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Juan-José Llopis-Llacer
- Unidad de Conductas Adictivas, Hospital General Universitario, Consellería de Sanitat, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Alfonso Barrós-Loscertales
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología. Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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