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Stefanova EE, Dychiao JVT, Chinn MC, Borhani M, Scott AL. P2X7 regulates ependymo-radial glial cell proliferation in adult Danio rerio following spinal cord injury. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060270. [PMID: 38526172 PMCID: PMC11033521 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In contrast to mammals, zebrafish undergo successful neural regeneration following spinal cord injury. Spinal cord ependymo-radial glia (ERG) undergo injury-induced proliferation and neuronal differentiation to replace damaged cells and restore motor function. However, the molecular cues driving these processes remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved P2X7 receptors are widely distributed on neurons and ERG within the zebrafish spinal cord. At the protein level, the P2X7 receptor expressed in zebrafish is a truncated splice variant of the full-length variant found in mammals. The protein expression of this 50 kDa isoform was significantly downregulated at 7 days post-injury (dpi) but returned to basal levels at 14 dpi when compared to naïve controls. Pharmacological activation of P2X7 following SCI resulted in a greater number of proliferating cells around the central canal by 7 dpi but did not affect neuronal differentiation at 14 dpi. Our findings suggest that unlike in mammals, P2X7 signaling may not play a maladaptive role following SCI in adult zebrafish and may also work to curb the proliferative response of ERG following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva E. Stefanova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mavis C. Chinn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matin Borhani
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela L. Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Ma P, Miao X, Li M, Kong X, Jiang Y, Wang P, Zhang P, Shang P, Chen Y, Zhou X, Wang W, Zhang Q, Liu H, Feng F. Lung proteomics combined with metabolomics reveals molecular characteristics of inflammation-related lung tumorigenesis induced by B(a)P and LPS. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2915-2925. [PMID: 37551664 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory microenvironment may take a promoting role in lung tumorigenesis. However, the molecular characteristics underlying inflammation-related lung cancer remains unknown. In this work, the inflammation-related lung tumorigenesis mouse model was established by treated with B(a)P (1 mg/mouse, once a week for 4 weeks), followed by LPS (2.5 μg/mouse, once every 3 weeks for five times), the mice were sacrificed 30 weeks after exposure. TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics and untargeted metabolomics were used to interrogate differentially expressed proteins and metabolites in different mouse cancer tissues, followed by integrated crosstalk between proteomics and metabolomics through Spearman's correlation analysis. The result showed that compared with the control group, 103 proteins and 37 metabolites in B(a)P/LPS group were identified as significantly altered. By searching KEGG pathway database, proteomics pathways such as Leishmaniasis, Asthma and Intestinal immune network for IgA production, metabolomics pathways such as Vascular smooth muscle contraction, Linoleic acid metabolism and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway were enriched. A total of 22 pathways were enriched after conjoint analysis of the proteomic and metabolomics, and purine metabolism pathway, the unique metabolism-related pathway, which included significantly altered protein (adenylate cyclase 4, ADCY4) and metabolites (L-Glutamine, guanosine monophosphate (GMP), adenosine and guanosine) was found. Results suggested purine metabolism may contribute to the inflammation-related lung tumorigenesis, which may provide novel clues for the therapeutic strategies of inflammation-related lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Ma
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinyi Miao
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangbing Kong
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNC, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yusong Chen
- Quality Supervision & Test Center, China National Tobacco Corporation Shandong Branch, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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3
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Yang Y, Rao C, Yin T, Wang S, Shi H, Yan X, Zhang L, Meng X, Gu W, Du Y, Hong F. Application and underlying mechanism of acupuncture for the nerve repair after peripheral nerve injury: remodeling of nerve system. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1253438. [PMID: 37941605 PMCID: PMC10627933 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1253438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a structural event with harmful consequences worldwide. Due to the limited intrinsic regenerative capacity of the peripheral nerve in adults, neural restoration after PNI is difficult. Neurological remodeling has a crucial effect on the repair of the form and function during the regeneration of the peripheral nerve after the peripheral nerve is injured. Several studies have demonstrated that acupuncture is effective for PNI-induced neurologic deficits, and the potential mechanisms responsible for its effects involve the nervous system remodeling in the process of nerve repair. Moreover, acupuncture promotes neural regeneration and axon sprouting by activating related neurotrophins retrograde transport, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), N-cadherin, and MicroRNAs. Peripheral nerve injury enhances the perceptual response of the central nervous system to pain, causing central sensitization and accelerating neuronal cell apoptosis. Together with this, the remodeling of synaptic transmission function would worsen pain discomfort. Neuroimaging studies have shown remodeling changes in both gray and white matter after peripheral nerve injury. Acupuncture not only reverses the poor remodeling of the nervous system but also stimulates the release of neurotrophic substances such as nerve growth factors in the nervous system to ameliorate pain and promote the regeneration and repair of nerve fibers. In conclusion, the neurological remodeling at the peripheral and central levels in the process of acupuncture treatment accelerates nerve regeneration and repair. These findings provide novel insights enabling the clinical application of acupuncture in the treatment of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongke Yang
- Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Chang Rao
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianlong Yin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiyan Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Yan
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Beijing Regional Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianggang Meng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlong Gu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzheng Du
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Hong
- Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Takizawa Y, Kizawa M, Niwa N, Komura Y, Takahashi M, Koda D, Kurita T, Nakajima T. Specific inhibitory effects of guanosine on breast cancer cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 673:67-72. [PMID: 37356147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Drug therapy for breast cancer is currently selected based on the subtype classification; however, many anticancer drugs are highly cytotoxic. Since intracellular levels of GTP are elevated in many cancer cells that undergo a specific cell proliferation cycle, GTP has potential as a target for cancer therapy. The present study focused on nucleosides and nucleotides and examined intracellular GTP-dependent changes in cell proliferation rates in normal (MCF-12A) and cancer (MCF-7) breast cell lines. Decreased cell proliferation due to a reduction in intracellular GTP levels by mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, was observed in both cell lines. The inhibitory effects of MPA on cell proliferation were suppressed when it was applied in combination with Guanosine (Guo), a substrate for GTP salvage synthesis, while the single exposure to Guo suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 cells only. Although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, since the inhibitory effects of Guo on cell proliferation did not correlate with GTP or ATP intracellular levels or the GTP/ATP ratio, there may be another cause besides GTP metabolism. Guo inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7, a human breast cancer cell line, but not MCF-12A, a human normal breast cell line. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential of applying Guo as a target for the development of a novel cancer treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takizawa
- Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Kizawa
- Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Niwa
- Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yuya Komura
- Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Daiki Koda
- Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Takuro Kurita
- Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Takanori Nakajima
- Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
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Sebastião AM, Ribeiro JA. Adjusting the brakes to adjust neuronal activity: Adenosinergic modulation of GABAergic transmission. Neuropharmacology 2023; 236:109600. [PMID: 37225084 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
About 50 years elapsed from the publication of the first full paper on the neuromodulatory action of adenosine at a 'simple' synapse model, the neuromuscular junction (Ginsborg and Hirst, 1972). In that study adenosine was used as a tool to increase cyclic AMP and for the great surprise, it decreased rather than increased neurotransmitter release, and for a further surprise, its action was prevented by theophylline, at the time only known as inhibitor of phosphodiesterases. These intriguing observations opened the curiosity for immediate studies relating the action of adenine nucleotides, known to be released together with neurotransmitters, to that of adenosine (Ribeiro and Walker, 1973, 1975). Our understanding on the ways adenosine uses to modulate synapses, circuits, and brain activity, vastly expanded since then. However, except for A2A receptors, whose actions upon GABAergic neurons of the striatum are well known, most of the attention given to the neuromodulatory action of adenosine has been focusing upon excitatory synapses. Evidence is growing that GABAergic transmission is also a target for adenosinergic neuromodulation through A1 and A2A receptors. Some o these actions have specific time windows during brain development, and others are selective for specific GABAergic neurons. Both tonic and phasic GABAergic transmission can be affected, and either neurons or astrocytes can be targeted. In some cases, those effects result from a concerted action with other neuromodulators. Implications of these actions in the control of neuronal function/dysfunction will be the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Joaquim Alexandre Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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Weese-Myers ME, Cryan MT, Witt CE, Caldwell KCN, Modi B, Ross AE. Dynamic and Rapid Detection of Guanosine during Ischemia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1646-1658. [PMID: 37040534 PMCID: PMC10265669 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanosine acts in both neuroprotective and neurosignaling pathways in the central nervous system; in this paper, we present the first fast voltammetric measurements of endogenous guanosine release during pre- and post-ischemic conditions. We discuss the metric of our measurements via analysis of event concentration, duration, and interevent time of rapid guanosine release. We observe changes across all three metrics from our normoxic to ischemic conditions. Pharmacological studies were performed to confirm that guanosine release is a calcium-dependent process and that the signaling observed is purinergic. Finally, we show the validity of our ischemic model via staining and fluorescent imaging. Overall, this paper sets the tone for rapid monitoring of guanosine and provides a platform to investigate the extent to which guanosine accumulates at the site of brain injury, i.e., ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah E. Weese-Myers
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
- Co-first author
| | - Michael T. Cryan
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
- Co-first author
| | - Colby E. Witt
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
| | - Kaejaren C. N. Caldwell
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
| | - Bindu Modi
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
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7
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Cai F, Chen W, Zhao R, Liu Y. Mechanisms of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways in diabetic wound and potential treatment strategies. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5355-5367. [PMID: 37029875 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The issue of delayed wound healing or nonhealing in diabetic patients presents a challenge for modern medicine. A number of attempts have been made to understand the mechanisms behind diabetic wound. In a hyperglycemic environment, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) disturb the balance between oxidation and antioxidant, causing the wound environment to deteriorate. It has been established that the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways play an important role in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. Several potential treatment strategies involving Nrf2 and/or NF-κB pathways have been explored in previous studies. Hence, we analyzed mechanisms and changes in Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways in response to oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic environment. Additionally, we reviewed potential treatment strategies from the past five years for diabetic wound by Nrf2 and/or NF-κB pathways, including receptor agonists, vitamins, hormones, exosomes, drugs, plants, and biomaterials. It may be useful to develop drugs to promote diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Cai
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery & Wound Repair Surgery, the Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenjiao Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery & Wound Repair Surgery, the Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ruomei Zhao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery & Wound Repair Surgery, the Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery & Wound Repair Surgery, the Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Shan D, You L, Wan X, Yang H, Zhao M, Chen S, Jiang W, Xu Q, Yuan Y. Serum metabolomic profiling revealed potential diagnostic biomarkers in patients with panic disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:461-471. [PMID: 36493940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, specific metabolites and diagnostic biomarkers of panic disorder (PD) patients have not been identified in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to explore metabolites and metabolic pathways in serum through a metabolomics method. METHODS Fifty-five PD patients who completed 2 weeks of inpatient treatment and 55 healthy control subjects (HCs) matched for age, sex and BMI were recruited. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to detect metabolites in serum. Multivariate Statistical Analysis was used to identify differential metabolites. The relevant biometabolic pathways were further identified by the online tool MetaboAnalyst 5.0. RESULTS 43 different metabolites in PD patients compared to HCs (P < 0.05) were screened. Pathway analysis showed that these small molecules were mainly associated with amino acid metabolism. 14 metabolites were significantly changed after 2 weeks of drug treatment (P < 0.05), which were mainly associated with tryptophan metabolism. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our analysis of metabolomics of PD patients at baseline and two weeks after treatment screened for differential metabolites that could be potential diagnostic biomarkers involved in PD pathogenesis and influence some biometabolic pathways such as phenylalanine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. In the future, we can summarize and observe the dynamic changes of differential metabolites that appear more frequently in similar studies to further explore the underlying mechanisms of PD evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin You
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuerui Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Almeida F, Marques S, Santos A, Prins C, Cardoso F, Heringer L, Mendonça H, Martinez A. Molecular approaches for spinal cord injury treatment. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:23-30. [PMID: 35799504 PMCID: PMC9241396 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.344830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries to the spinal cord result in permanent disabilities that limit daily life activities. The main reasons for these poor outcomes are the limited regenerative capacity of central neurons and the inhibitory milieu that is established upon traumatic injuries. Despite decades of research, there is still no efficient treatment for spinal cord injury. Many strategies are tested in preclinical studies that focus on ameliorating the functional outcomes after spinal cord injury. Among these, molecular compounds are currently being used for neurological recovery, with promising results. These molecules target the axon collapsed growth cone, the inhibitory microenvironment, the survival of neurons and glial cells, and the re-establishment of lost connections. In this review we focused on molecules that are being used, either in preclinical or clinical studies, to treat spinal cord injuries, such as drugs, growth and neurotrophic factors, enzymes, and purines. The mechanisms of action of these molecules are discussed, considering traumatic spinal cord injury in rodents and humans.
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Wiprich MT, Altenhofen S, Gusso D, Vasques RDR, Zanandrea R, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Bonan CD. Modulation of adenosine signaling reverses 3-nitropropionic acid-induced bradykinesia and memory impairment in adult zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110602. [PMID: 35843370 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor dysfunction, psychiatric disturbance, and cognitive decline. In the early stage of HD, occurs a decrease in dopamine D2 receptors and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), while in the late stage also occurs a decrease in dopamine D1 receptors and adenosine A1 receptors (A1R). Adenosine exhibits neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects in the brain and is involved in motor control and memory function. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), a toxin derived from plants and fungi, may reproduce HD behavioral phenotypes and biochemical characteristics. This study investigated the effects of acute exposure to CPA (A1R agonist), CGS 21680 (A2AR agonist), caffeine (non-selective of A1R and A2AR antagonist), ZM 241385 (A2AR antagonist), DPCPX (A1R antagonist), dipyridamole (inhibitor of nucleoside transporters) and EHNA (inhibitor of adenosine deaminase) in an HD pharmacological model induced by 3-NPA in adult zebrafish. CPA, CGS 21680, caffeine, ZM 241385, DPCPX, dipyridamole, and EHNA were acutely administered via i.p. in zebrafish after 3-NPA (at dose 60 mg/kg) chronic treatment. Caffeine and ZM 241385 reversed the bradykinesia induced by 3-NPA, while CGS 21680 potentiated the bradykinesia caused by 3-NPA. Moreover, CPA, caffeine, ZM 241385, DPCPX, dipyridamole, and EHNA reversed the 3-NPA-induced memory impairment. Together, these data support the hypothesis that A2AR antagonists have an essential role in modulating locomotor function, whereas the activation of A1R and blockade of A2AR and A1R and modulation of adenosine levels may reduce the memory impairment, which could be a potential pharmacological strategy against late-stage symptoms HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Talita Wiprich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Darlan Gusso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaela da Rosa Vasques
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Zanandrea
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Wilges Kist
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Celular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Reis Bogo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Celular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Rei N, Valente CA, Vaz SH, Farinha-Ferreira M, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM. Changes in adenosine receptors and neurotrophic factors in the SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Modulation by chronic caffeine. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272104. [PMID: 36516126 PMCID: PMC9749988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of corticospinal tract motor neurons. Previous studies showed that adenosine-mediated neuromodulation is disturbed in ALS and that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a neuroprotective function in ALS mouse models. We evaluated how adenosine (A1R and A2AR) and VEGF (VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) system markers are altered in the cortex and spinal cord of pre-symptomatic and symptomatic SOD1G93A mice. We then assessed if/how chronic treatment of SOD1G93A mice with a widely consumed adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, modulates VEGF system and/or the levels of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), known to be under control of A2AR. We found out decreases in A1R and increases in A2AR levels even before disease onset. Concerning the VEGF system, we detected increases of VEGFB and VEGFR-2 levels in the spinal cord at pre-symptomatic stage, which reverses at the symptomatic stage, and decreases of VEGFA levels in the cortex, in very late disease states. Chronic treatment with caffeine rescued cortical A1R levels in SOD1G93A mice, bringing them to control levels, while rendering VEGF signaling nearly unaffected. In contrast, BDNF levels were significantly affected in SOD1G93A mice treated with caffeine, being decreased in the cortex and increased in spinal the cord. Altogether, these findings suggest an early dysfunction of the adenosinergic system in ALS and highlights the possibility that the negative influence of caffeine previously reported in ALS animal models results from interference with BDNF rather than with the VEGF signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Rei
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia A. Valente
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra H. Vaz
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Farinha-Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A. Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Sebastião
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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12
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Corrigendum: Purinergic signaling systems across comparative models of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:689-696. [PMID: 36018196 PMCID: PMC9727416 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.350234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.338993].
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13
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Structural Plasticity of the Hippocampus in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063349. [PMID: 35328770 PMCID: PMC8955928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is the capacity of neural networks in the brain to alter through development and rearrangement. It can be classified as structural and functional plasticity. The hippocampus is more susceptible to neuroplasticity as compared to other brain regions. Structural modifications in the hippocampus underpin several neurodegenerative diseases that exhibit cognitive and emotional dysregulation. This article reviews the findings of several preclinical and clinical studies about the role of structural plasticity in the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. In this study, literature was surveyed using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, to review the mechanisms that underlie the alterations in the structural plasticity of the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the role of structural plasticity in the hippocampus for the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and identifies the current focus and gaps in knowledge about hippocampal dysfunctions. Ultimately, this information will be useful to propel future mechanistic and therapeutic research in neurodegenerative diseases.
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14
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A maestro role of adenosine A 2A receptors in GABAergic synapses stabilization during postnatal neuronal maturation. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:157-159. [PMID: 35119605 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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15
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Wang J, Gong Y, Tan H, Li W, Yan B, Cheng C, Wan J, Sun W, Yuan C, Yao LH. Cordycepin suppresses glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission through activation of A 1 adenosine receptor in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112446. [PMID: 34808556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin (known as 3-deoxyadenosine, CRD), a natural product from the valuable traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps militaris, has been reported to improve cognitive function and modulate neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system (CNS). However, the modulating mechanisms of cordycepin on information processing in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons are not fully understood. To clarify how cordycepin modulates synaptic responses of pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal CA1 region, we conducted an electrophysiological experiment using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs and mEPSCs, respectively) and the spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs and mIPSCs, respectively) recorded by this technique evaluated pure single or multi-synapse responses and enabled us to accurately quantify how cordycepin influenced the pre and postsynaptic aspects of synaptic transmission. The present results showed that cordycepin significantly decreased the frequency of both glutamatergic and GABAergic postsynaptic currents without affecting the amplitude, while these inhibitory effects were antagonized by the A1 adenosine receptor antagonist (DPCPX), but not the A2A (ZM 241385), A2B (MRS1754) and A3 (MRS1191) adenosine receptor antagonists. Taken together, our results suggested that cordycepin had a clear presynaptic effect on glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission, and provided novel evidence that cordycepin suppresses the synaptic transmission through the activation of A1AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Yanchun Gong
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China; School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Haoyuan Tan
- Clinical School of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangZhou 510720, PR China
| | - Wenxi Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Baiyi Yan
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Chunfang Cheng
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Juan Wan
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Chunhua Yuan
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China; School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Yao
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China; School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China.
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16
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Abdelkader NF, Ibrahim SM, Moustafa PE, Elbaset MA. Inosine mitigated diabetic peripheral neuropathy via modulating GLO1/AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB/Nrf2 and TGF-β/PKC/TRPV1 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112395. [PMID: 34775239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine is a dietary supplement that is widely used for managing numerous central neurological disorders. Interestingly, recent experimental investigation of inosine revealed its potential to promote peripheral neuroprotection after sciatic nerve injury. Such investigation has guided the focus of the current study to expose the potential of inosine in mitigating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in rats and to study the possible underlying signaling pathways. Adult male Wistar rats were arbitrarily distributed into four groups. In the first group, animals received saline daily for 15 days whereas rats of the remaining groups received a single injection of both nicotinamide (50 mg/Kg/i.p.) and streptozotocin (52.5 mg/Kg/i.p.) for DPN induction. Afterward, inosine (10 mg/Kg/p.o.) was administered to two groups, either alone or in combination with caffeine (3.75 mg/Kg/p.o.), an adenosine receptor antagonist. As a result, inosine showed a hypoglycemic effect, restored the sciatic nerve histological structure, enhanced myelination, modulated conduction velocities and maintained behavioral responses. Furthermore, inosine increased GLO1, reduced AGE/RAGE axis and oxidative stress which in turn, downregulated NF-κB p65 and its phosphorylated form in the sciatic nerves. Inosine enhanced Nrf2 expression and its downstream molecule HO-1, resulting in increased CAT and SOD along with lowered MDA. Moreover, pain was relieved due to suppression of PKC and TRPV1 expression, which ultimately lead to reduced SP and TGF-β. The potential effects of inosine were nearly blocked by caffeine administration; this emphasizes the role of adenosine receptors in inosine-mediated neuroprotective effects. In conclusion, inosine alleviated hyperglycemia-induced DPN via modulating GLO1/AGE/RAGE/NF-κB p65/Nrf2 and TGF-β/PKC/TRPV1/SP pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Abdelkader
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Passant E Moustafa
- National Research center, Medical Division, Department of Pharmacology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marawan A Elbaset
- National Research center, Medical Division, Department of Pharmacology, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A 2A Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081027. [PMID: 34440231 PMCID: PMC8392384 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is extensively distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it plays a key role as a neuromodulator. It has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of progressive neurogenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, and there is now growing interest in its role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The motor neurons affected in ALS are responsive to adenosine receptor function, and there is accumulating evidence for beneficial effects of adenosine A2A receptor antagonism. In this article, we focus on recent evidence from ALS clinical pathology and animal models that support dynamism of the adenosinergic system (including changes in adenosine levels and receptor changes) in ALS. We review the possible mechanisms of chronic neurodegeneration via the adenosinergic system, potential biomarkers and the acute symptomatic pharmacology, including respiratory motor neuron control, of A2A receptor antagonism to explore the potential of the A2A receptor as target for ALS therapy.
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18
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Wiprich MT, Bonan CD. Purinergic Signaling in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Huntington's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:657338. [PMID: 34276284 PMCID: PMC8281137 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.657338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This condition is characterized by motor dysfunction (chorea in the early stage, followed by bradykinesia, dystonia, and motor incoordination in the late stage), psychiatric disturbance, and cognitive decline. The neuropathological hallmark of HD is the pronounced neuronal loss in the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen). The striatum is related to the movement control, flexibility, motivation, and learning and the purinergic signaling has an important role in the control of these events. Purinergic signaling involves the actions of purine nucleotides and nucleosides through the activation of P2 and P1 receptors, respectively. Extracellular nucleotide and nucleoside-metabolizing enzymes control the levels of these messengers, modulating the purinergic signaling. The striatum has a high expression of adenosine A2A receptors, which are involved in the neurodegeneration observed in HD. The P2X7 and P2Y2 receptors may also play a role in the pathophysiology of HD. Interestingly, nucleotide and nucleoside levels may be altered in HD animal models and humans with HD. This review presents several studies describing the relationship between purinergic signaling and HD, as well as the use of purinoceptors as pharmacological targets and biomarkers for this neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Talita Wiprich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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19
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Di Iorio P, Beggiato S, Ronci M, Nedel CB, Tasca CI, Zuccarini M. Unfolding New Roles for Guanine-Based Purines and Their Metabolizing Enzymes in Cancer and Aging Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653549. [PMID: 33935764 PMCID: PMC8085521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Beggiato
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Ronci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - C B Nedel
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Gliomas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - C I Tasca
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica-4, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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20
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Saviano A, Casillo GM, Raucci F, Pernice A, Santarcangelo C, Piccolo M, Ferraro MG, Ciccone M, Sgherbini A, Pedretti N, Bonvicini D, Irace C, Daglia M, Mascolo N, Maione F. Supplementation with ribonucleotide-based ingredient (Ribodiet®) lessens oxidative stress, brain inflammation, and amyloid pathology in a murine model of Alzheimer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111579. [PMID: 33845375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia worldwide, characterized by the deposition of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Additionally, increasing evidence demonstrates that a neuroinflammatory state and oxidative stress, iron-dependent, play a crucial role in the onset and disease progression. Besides conventional therapies, the use of natural-based products represents a future medical option for AD treatment and/or prevention. We, therefore, evaluated the effects of a ribonucleotides-based ingredient (Ribodiet®) in a non-genetic mouse model of AD. To this aim, mice were injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with Aβ1-42 peptide (3 µg/3 μl) and after with Ribodiet® (0.1-10 mg/mouse) orally (p.o.) 3 times weekly for 21 days following the induction of experimental AD. The mnemonic and cognitive decline was then evaluated, and, successively, we have assessed ex vivo the modulation of different cyto-chemokines on mice brain homogenates. Finally, the level of GFAP, S100β, and iron-related metabolic proteins were monitored as markers of reactive gliosis, neuro-inflammation, and oxidative stress. Results indicate that Ribodiet® lessens oxidative stress, brain inflammation, and amyloid pathology via modulation of iron-related metabolic proteins paving the way for its rationale use for the treatment of AD and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Casillo
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Raucci
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Pernice
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Santarcangelo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ferraro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Ciccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Pedretti
- Prosol S.p.A., Via Carso, 99, 24040 Madone, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Mascolo
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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21
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Soares Dos Santos Cardoso F, Blanco Martinez AM, Martins de Almeida F. Inosine: a novel treatment for sciatic nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:127-128. [PMID: 32788466 PMCID: PMC7818882 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.286969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fellipe Soares Dos Santos Cardoso
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo - Departamento de Anatomia Patológica - Hospital, Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo - Departamento de Anatomia Patológica - Hospital, Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins de Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo - Departamento de Anatomia Patológica - Hospital, Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Blanco Martinez AM, Martins de Almeida F) Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - ICB/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Frinchi M, Verdi V, Plescia F, Ciruela F, Grillo M, Garozzo R, Condorelli DF, Di Iorio P, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Belluardo N, Di Liberto V, Mudò G. Guanosine-Mediated Anxiolytic-Like Effect: Interplay with Adenosine A 1 and A 2A Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239281. [PMID: 33291390 PMCID: PMC7729560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute or chronic administration of guanosine (GUO) induces anxiolytic-like effects, for which the adenosine (ADO) system involvement has been postulated yet without a direct experimental evidence. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether adenosine receptors (ARs) are involved in the GUO-mediated anxiolytic-like effect, evaluated by three anxiety-related paradigms in rats. First, we confirmed that acute treatment with GUO exerts an anxiolytic-like effect. Subsequently, we investigated the effects of pretreatment with ADO or A1R (CPA, CCPA) or A2AR (CGS21680) agonists 10 min prior to GUO on a GUO-induced anxiolytic-like effect. All the combined treatments blocked the GUO anxiolytic-like effect, whereas when administered alone, each compound was ineffective as compared to the control group. Interestingly, the pretreatment with nonselective antagonist caffeine or selective A1R (DPCPX) or A2AR (ZM241385) antagonists did not modify the GUO-induced anxiolytic-like effect. Finally, binding assay performed in hippocampal membranes showed that [3H]GUO binding became saturable at 100–300 nM, suggesting the existence of a putative GUO binding site. In competition experiments, ADO showed a potency order similar to GUO in displacing [3H]GUO binding, whereas AR selective agonists, CPA and CGS21680, partially displaced [3H]GUO binding, but the sum of the two effects was able to displace [3H]GUO binding to the same extent of ADO alone. Overall, our results strengthen previous data supporting GUO-mediated anxiolytic-like effects, add new evidence that these effects are blocked by A1R and A2AR agonists and pave, although they do not elucidate the mechanism of GUO and ADO receptor interaction, for a better characterization of GUO binding sites in ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Frinchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Verdi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Fulvio Plescia
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Grillo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Roberta Garozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.G.); (D.F.C.)
| | - Daniele F. Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.G.); (D.F.C.)
- Laboratory of Complex Systems, Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.I.); (F.C.); (R.C.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.I.); (F.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.I.); (F.C.); (R.C.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (G.M.)
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Gomes JI, Farinha-Ferreira M, Rei N, Gonçalves-Ribeiro J, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM, Vaz SH. Of adenosine and the blues: The adenosinergic system in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105363. [PMID: 33285234 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the foremost cause of global disability, being responsible for enormous personal, societal, and economical costs. Importantly, existing pharmacological treatments for MDD are partially or totally ineffective in a large segment of patients. As such, the search for novel antidepressant drug targets, anchored on a clear understanding of the etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning MDD, becomes of the utmost importance. The adenosinergic system, a highly conserved neuromodulatory system, appears as a promising novel target, given both its regulatory actions over many MDD-affected systems and processes. With this goal in mind, we herein review the evidence concerning the role of adenosine as a potential player in pathophysiology and treatment of MDD, combining data from both human and animal studies. Altogether, evidence supports the assertions that the adenosinergic system is altered in both MDD patients and animal models, and that drugs targeting this system have considerable potential as putative antidepressants. Furthermore, evidence also suggests that modifications in adenosine signaling may have a key role in the effects of several pharmacological and non-pharmacological antidepressant treatments with demonstrated efficacy, such as electroconvulsive shock, sleep deprivation, and deep brain stimulation. Lastly, it becomes clear from the available literature that there is yet much to study regarding the role of the adenosinergic system in the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD, and we suggest several avenues of research that are likely to prove fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana I Gomes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Farinha-Ferreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nádia Rei
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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24
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Martins RS, Rombo DM, Gonçalves-Ribeiro J, Meneses C, Borges-Martins VPP, Ribeiro JA, Vaz SH, Kubrusly RCC, Sebastião AM. Caffeine has a dual influence on NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic transmission at the hippocampus. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:503-518. [PMID: 33025424 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine, a stimulant largely consumed around the world, is a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, and therefore caffeine actions at synapses usually, but not always, mirror those of adenosine. Importantly, different adenosine receptors with opposing regulatory actions co-exist at synapses. Through both inhibitory and excitatory high-affinity receptors (A1R and A2R, respectively), adenosine affects NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function at the hippocampus, but surprisingly, there is a lack of knowledge on the effects of caffeine upon this ionotropic glutamatergic receptor deeply involved in both positive (plasticity) and negative (excitotoxicity) synaptic actions. We thus aimed to elucidate the effects of caffeine upon NMDAR-mediated excitatory post-synaptic currents (NMDAR-EPSCs), and its implications upon neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis. We found that caffeine (30-200 μM) facilitates NMDAR-EPSCs on pyramidal CA1 neurons from Balbc/ByJ male mice, an action mimicked, as well as occluded, by 1,3-dipropyl-cyclopentylxantine (DPCPX, 50 nM), thus likely mediated by blockade of inhibitory A1Rs. This action of caffeine cannot be attributed to a pre-synaptic facilitation of transmission because caffeine even increased paired-pulse facilitation of NMDA-EPSCs, indicative of an inhibition of neurotransmitter release. Adenosine A2ARs are involved in this likely pre-synaptic action since the effect of caffeine was mimicked by the A2AR antagonist, SCH58261 (50 nM). Furthermore, caffeine increased the frequency of Ca2+ transients in neuronal cell culture, an action mimicked by the A1R antagonist, DPCPX, and prevented by NMDAR blockade with AP5 (50 μM). Altogether, these results show for the first time an influence of caffeine on NMDA receptor activity at the hippocampus, with impact in neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertta S Martins
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Diogo M Rombo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Meneses
- Área Departamental de Engenharia de Electrónica e Telecomunicações e de Computadores, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vladimir P P Borges-Martins
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Joaquim A Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Regina C C Kubrusly
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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25
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Chen JX, Feng JH, Zhang LG, Liu Y, Yang FD, Wang SL, Tan YL, Su YA. Association of serum uric acid levels with suicide risk in female patients with major depressive disorder: a comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:477. [PMID: 32993584 PMCID: PMC7526231 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have a high suicide risk. Some evidence suggests that uric acid (UA) may be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether serum UA levels were associated with suicide risk in MDD patients. METHODS One hundred four female patients with MDD (52 patients with suicide risk and 52 patients without suicide risk) and 52 healthy individuals were included in this study. The suicide risk was evaluated by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Fasting serum levels of UA, as well as glucose, lipid and renal function indicators were measured. RESULTS Serum UA levels in MDD patients with suicide risk (245.01 ± 55.44 μmol/L) were significantly lower than those in MDD patients without suicide risk (274.17 ± 72.65 μmol/L) (p = 0.017) and healthy controls (271.42 ± 55.25 μmol/L) (p = 0.030). There was no difference in serum UA levels between the MDD patients without suicide risk and healthy controls (p = 0.821). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between suicide risk and decreased serum UA levels (OR = 0.989, p = 0.010) in MDD patients. CONCLUSION Decreased serum UA levels were associated with suicide risk in MDD patients. Purinergic system dysfunction may be involved in the neurobiological basis of suicide risk in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xu Chen
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Hui Feng
- Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province China
| | - Li-Gang Zhang
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Department of Psychiatry of Shengli Hospital, Sinopec Shengli Petroleum Administration, Dongying, Shandong Province China
| | - Fu-De Yang
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Li Wang
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Long Tan
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Ai Su
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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26
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Protective Mechanism and Treatment of Neurogenesis in Cerebral Ischemia. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2258-2277. [PMID: 32794152 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and is a main cause of disability in adults. Neither currently marketed drugs nor commonly used treatments can promote nerve repair and neurogenesis after stroke, and the repair of neurons damaged by ischemia has become a research focus. This article reviews several possible mechanisms of stroke and neurogenesis and introduces novel neurogenic agents (fibroblast growth factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, purine nucleosides, resveratrol, S-nitrosoglutathione, osteopontin, etc.) as well as other treatments that have shown neuroprotective or neurogenesis-promoting effects.
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27
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Magnuson JT, Giroux M, Cryder Z, Gan J, Schlenk D. The use of non-targeted metabolomics to assess the toxicity of bifenthrin to juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 224:105518. [PMID: 32474292 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An increase in urban and agricultural application of pyrethroid insecticides in the San Francisco Bay Estuary and Sacramento San Joaquin Delta has raised concern for the populations of several salmonids, including Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Bifenthrin, a type I pyrethroid, is among the most frequently detected pyrethroids in the Bay-Delta watershed, with surface water concentrations often exceeding chronic toxicity thresholds for several invertebrate and fish species. To better understand the mechanisms of bifenthrin-induced neurotoxicity, juvenile Chinook salmon were exposed to concentrations of bifenthrin previously measured in the Delta. Non-targeted metabolomic profiles were used to identify transcriptomic changes in the brains of bifenthrin-exposed fish. Pathway analysis software predicted increased apoptotic, inflammatory, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses in Chinook following exposure to 0.15 and 1.50 μg/L bifenthrin for 96 h. These responses were largely driven by reduced levels of inosine, hypoxanthine, and guanosine. Subsequently, in the brain, the expression of caspase 3, a predominant effector for apoptosis, was significantly upregulated following exposure to 1.50 μg/L bifenthrin. This data suggests that metabolites involved in inflammatory and apoptotic responses, as well as those involved in maintaining proper neuronal function may be disrupted following sublethal exposure to bifenthrin and further suggests that additional population studies should focus on behavioral responses associated with impaired brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Marissa Giroux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Cryder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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28
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Rei N, Rombo DM, Ferreira MF, Baqi Y, Müller CE, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM, Vaz SH. Hippocampal synaptic dysfunction in the SOD1 G93A mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Reversal by adenosine A 2AR blockade. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108106. [PMID: 32311420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) mostly affects motor neurons, but non-motor neural and cognitive alterations have been reported in ALS mouse models and patients. Here, we evaluated if time-dependent biphasic changes in synaptic transmission and plasticity occur in hippocampal synapses of ALS SOD1G93A mice. Recordings were performed in hippocampal slices of SOD1G93A and age-matched WT mice, in the pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages. We found an enhancement of pre-synaptic function and increased adenosine A2A receptor levels in the hippocampus of pre-symptomatic mice. In contrast, in symptomatic mice, there was an impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP) and a decrease in NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic currents, with A2AR levels also being increased. Chronic treatment with the A2AR antagonist KW-6002, rescued LTP and A2AR values. Altogether, these findings suggest an increase in synaptic function during the pre-symptomatic stage, followed by a decrease in synaptic plasticity in the symptomatic stage, which involves over-activation of A2AR from early disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rei
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - D M Rombo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M F Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Y Baqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Postal Code 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - C E Müller
- Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Pharmazeutische Chemie I, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - J A Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A M Sebastião
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S H Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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Kuder KJ, Załuski M, Schabikowski J, Latacz G, Olejarz‐Maciej A, Jaśko P, Doroz‐Płonka A, Brockmann A, Müller CE, Kieć‐Kononowicz K. Novel, Dual Target‐Directed Annelated Xanthine Derivatives Acting on Adenosine Receptors and Monoamine Oxidase B. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:772-786. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil J. Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Michał Załuski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Jakub Schabikowski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz‐Maciej
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Piotr Jaśko
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Agata Doroz‐Płonka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Andreas Brockmann
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć‐Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
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30
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Chern Y, Rei N, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM. Adenosine and Its Receptors as Potential Drug Targets in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yijuang Chern
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nádia Rei
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A. Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Sebastião
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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31
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Rodrigues RJ, Marques JM, Cunha RA. Purinergic signalling and brain development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Soares Dos Santos Cardoso F, Cardoso R, Dos Santos Ramalho B, Bastos Taboada T, Dos Santos Nogueira AC, Blanco Martinez AM, Martins de Almeida F. Inosine Accelerates the Regeneration and Anticipates the Functional Recovery after Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Mice. Neuroscience 2019; 423:206-215. [PMID: 31682823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trauma to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) results in loss of motor and sensory functions. After an injury, a complex series of events begins, allowing axonal regeneration and target reinnervation. However, this regenerative potential is limited by several factors such as age, distance from the lesion site to the target and severity of lesion. Many studies look for ways to overcome these limitations. Inosine, a purine nucleoside derived from adenosine, emerges as a potential treatment, due to its capacity to regulate axonal growth, neuroprotection and immunomodulation, contributing to motor recovery. However, no studies demonstrated their effects on PNS. C57/Black6 mice were submitted to sciatic nerve crush and received intraperitoneal injections of saline or inosine (70 mg/kg), one hour after injury and daily for one week. To evaluate axonal regeneration and functional recovery, electroneuromyography, Sciatic Function Index (SFI), rotarod and pinprick tests were performed. Our results showed that the inosine group presented a higher number of myelinated fibers and a large amount of fibers within the ideal G-ratio. In addition, the results of electroneuromyography showed greater amplitude of the compound muscle action potentials in the first and second weeks, suggesting anticipation of regeneration in the inosine group. We also observed in the inosine group, motor and sensory neurons survival, reduction in the number of macrophages and myelin ovoids in the sciatic nerves, and an early recovery of motor and sensory functions. Thus, we conclude that the use of inosine accelerates axonal regeneration promoting an early recovery of motor and sensory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fellipe Soares Dos Santos Cardoso
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dos Santos Ramalho
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bastos Taboada
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Dos Santos Nogueira
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins de Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho HUCFF/UFRJ, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, ICB/UFRJ, Brazil.
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Decker H, Piermartiri TCB, Nedel CB, Romão LF, Francisco SS, Dal-Cim T, Boeck CR, Moura-Neto V, Tasca CI. Guanosine and GMP increase the number of granular cerebellar neurons in culture: dependence on adenosine A 2A and ionotropic glutamate receptors. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:439-450. [PMID: 31478180 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The guanine-based purines (GBPs) have essential extracellular functions such as modulation of glutamatergic transmission and trophic effects on neurons and astrocytes. We previously showed that GBPs, such as guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP) or guanosine (GUO), promote the reorganization of extracellular matrix proteins in astrocytes, and increase the number of neurons in a neuron-astrocyte co-culture protocol. To delineate the molecular basis underlying these effects, we isolated cerebellar neurons in culture and treated them with a conditioned medium derived from astrocytes previously exposed to GUO or GMP (GBPs-ACM) or, directly, with GUO or GMP. Agreeing with the previous studies, there was an increase in the number of β-tubulin III-positive neurons in both conditions, compared with controls. Interestingly, the increase in the number of neurons in the neuronal cultures treated directly with GUO or GMP was more prominent, suggesting a direct interaction of GBPs on cerebellar neurons. To investigate this issue, we assessed the role of adenosine and glutamate receptors and related intracellular signaling pathways after GUO or GMP treatment. We found an involvement of A2A adenosine receptors, ionotropic glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and non-NMDA receptors in the increased number of cerebellar neurons. The signaling pathways extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase-II (CaMKII), protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatidilinositol-3'-kinase (PI3-K), and protein kinase A (PKA) are also potentially involved with GMP and GUO effect. Such results suggest that GMP and GUO, and molecules released in GBPs-ACM promote the survival or maturation of primary cerebellar neurons or both via interaction with adenosine and glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Decker
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Tetsade C B Piermartiri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Cláudia B Nedel
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Luciana F Romão
- Departamento de Anatomia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Sheila S Francisco
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Tharine Dal-Cim
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Carina R Boeck
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Departamento de Anatomia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
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Fabera P, Parizkova M, Uttl L, Vondrakova K, Kubova H, Tsenov G, Mares P. Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine and Hippocampal Excitability During Brain Development in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:656. [PMID: 31258477 PMCID: PMC6587156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The adenosinergic system may influence excitability in the brain. Endogenous and exogenous adenosine has anticonvulsant activity presumably by activating A1 receptors. Adenosine A1 receptor agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) may thus bolster anticonvulsant effects, but its action and the number of A1 receptors at different developmental stages are not known. Methods: Hippocampal epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) were elicited in 12-, 15-, 18-, 25-, 45-, and 60-day-old rats. Stimulation and recording electrodes were implanted into the dorsal hippocampus. The A1 receptor agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 10 min before the first stimulation. Control animals were injected with saline. All rats were stimulated with a 2-s series of 1-ms biphasic pulses delivered at 60 Hz with increasing stepwise intensity (0.05–0.6 mA). Each age and dose group contained 9–14 animals. The AD thresholds and durations were evaluated, and the A1 receptors were detected in the hippocampus in 7-, 10-, 12-, 15-, 18-, 21-, 25-, 32-, and 52-day-old rats. Results: Both CCPA doses significantly increased hippocampal AD thresholds in 12-, 15-, 18-, and 60-day-old rats compared to controls. In contrast, the higher dose significantly decreased AD threshold in the 25-day-old rats. The AD durations were significantly shortened in all age groups except for 25-day-old rats where they were significantly prolonged. A1 receptor expression in the hippocampus was highest in 10-day-old rats and subsequently decreased. Significance: The adenosine A1 receptor agonist CCPA exhibited anticonvulsant activity at all developmental stages studied here except for 25-day-old rats. Age-related differences might be due to the development of presynaptic A1 receptors in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Fabera
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Parizkova
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Libor Uttl
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Katerina Vondrakova
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Hana Kubova
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Grygoriy Tsenov
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pavel Mares
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Frenguelli BG. The Purine Salvage Pathway and the Restoration of Cerebral ATP: Implications for Brain Slice Physiology and Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:661-675. [PMID: 28836168 PMCID: PMC6420432 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain slices have been the workhorse for many neuroscience labs since the pioneering work of Henry McIlwain in the 1950s. Their utility is undisputed and their acceptance as appropriate models for the central nervous system is widespread, if not universal. However, the skeleton in the closet is that ATP levels in brain slices are lower than those found in vivo, which may have important implications for cellular physiology and plasticity. Far from this being a disadvantage, the ATP-impoverished slice can serve as a useful and experimentally-tractable surrogate for the injured brain, which experiences similar depletion of cellular ATP. We have shown that the restoration of cellular ATP in brain slices to in vivo values is possible with a simple combination of D-ribose and adenine (RibAde), two substrates for ATP synthesis. Restoration of ATP in slices to physiological levels has implications for synaptic transmission and plasticity, whilst in the injured brain in vivo RibAde shows encouraging positive results. Given that ribose, adenine, and a third compound, allopurinol, are all separately in use in man, their combined application after acute brain injury, in accelerating ATP synthesis and increasing the reservoir of the neuroprotective metabolite, adenosine, may help reduce the morbidity associated with stroke and traumatic brain injury.
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Fei J, Gao L, Li HH, Yuan QL, Li LJ. Electroacupuncture promotes peripheral nerve regeneration after facial nerve crush injury and upregulates the expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:673-682. [PMID: 30632508 PMCID: PMC6352598 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.247471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of electroacupuncture in the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis is known, but the specific mechanism has not been clarified. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to protect neurons by binding to N-cadherin. Our previous results have shown that electroacupuncture could increase the expression of N-cadherin mRNA in facial neurons and promote facial nerve regeneration. In this study, the potential mechanisms by which electroacupuncture promotes nerve regeneration were elucidated through assessing the effects of electroacupuncture on GDNF and N-cadherin expression in facial motoneurons of rabbits with peripheral facial nerve crush injury. New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a normal group (normal control, n = 21), injury group (n = 45) and electroacupuncture group (n = 45). Model rabbits underwent facial nerve crush injury only. Rabbits in the electroacupuncture group received facial nerve injury, and then underwent electroacupuncture at Yifeng (TE17), Jiache (ST6), Sibai (ST2), Dicang (ST4), Yangbai (GB14), Quanliao (SI18), and Hegu (LI4; only acupuncture, no electrical stimulation). The results showed that in behavioral assessments, the total scores of blink reflex, vibrissae movement, and position of apex nasi, were markedly lower in the EA group than those in the injury group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the right buccinator muscle of each group showed that the cross-sectional area of buccinator was larger in the electroacupuncture group than in the injury group on days 1, 14 and 21 post-surgery. Toluidine blue staining of the right facial nerve tissue of each group revealed that on day 14 post-surgery, there was less axonal demyelination and fewer inflammatory cells in the electroacupuncture group compared with the injury group. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction showed that compared with the injury group, N-cadherin mRNA levels on days 4, 7, 14 and 21 and GDNF mRNA levels on days 4, 7 and 14 were significantly higher in the electroacupuncture group. Western blot assay displayed that compared with the injury group, the expression of GDNF protein levels on days 7, 14 and 21 were significantly upregulated in the electroacupuncture group. The histology with hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining of brainstem tissues containing facial neurons in the middle and lower part of the pons exhibited that on day 7 post-surgery, there were significantly fewer apoptotic neurons in the electroacupuncture group than in the injury group. By day 21, there was no significantly difference in the number of neurons between the electroacupuncture and normal groups. Taken together, these results have confirmed that electroacupuncture promotes regeneration of peripheral facial nerve injury in rabbits, inhibits neuronal apoptosis, and reduces peripheral inflammatory response, resulting in the recovery of facial muscle function. This is achieved by up-regulating the expression of GDNF and N-cadherin in central facial neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huan-Huan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong-Lan Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei-Ji Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
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Ferré S, Díaz-Ríos M, Salamone JD, Prediger RD. New Developments on the Adenosine Mechanisms of the Central Effects of Caffeine and Their Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2018; 8:121-131. [PMID: 30596206 PMCID: PMC6306650 DOI: 10.1089/caff.2018.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on interactions between striatal adenosine and dopamine and one of its main targets, the adenosine A2A receptor–dopamine D2 receptor (A2AR–D2R) heteromer, have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the psychostimulant effects of caffeine and have brought forward new data on the mechanisms of operation of classical orthosteric ligands within G protein-coupled receptor heteromers. The striatal A2AR–D2R heteromer has a tetrameric structure and forms part of a signaling complex that includes a Gs and a Gi protein and the effector adenyl cyclase (subtype AC5). Another target of caffeine, the adenosine A1 receptor–dopamine D1 receptor (A1R–D1R) heteromer, seems to have a very similar structure. Initially suggested to be localized in the striatum, the A1R–D1R heteromer has now been identified in the spinal motoneuron and shown to mediate the spinally generated caffeine-induced locomotion. In this study, we review the recently discovered properties of A2AR–D2R and A1R–D1R heteromers. Our studies demonstrate that these complexes are a necessary condition to sustain the canonical antagonistic interaction between a Gs-coupled receptor (A2AR or D1R) and a Gi-coupled receptor (D2R or A1R) at the adenylyl cyclase level, which constitutes a new concept in the field of G protein-coupled receptor physiology and pharmacology. A2AR antagonists targeting the striatal A2AR–D2R heteromer are already being considered as therapeutic agents in Parkinson's disease. In this study, we review the preclinical evidence that indicates that caffeine and A2AR antagonists could be used to treat the motivational symptoms of depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, while A1R antagonists selectively targeting the spinal A1R–D1R heteromer could be used in the recovery of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Manuel Díaz-Ríos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - John D Salamone
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Mouro FM, Rombo DM, Dias RB, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM. Adenosine A 2A receptors facilitate synaptic NMDA currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4386-4397. [PMID: 30220081 PMCID: PMC6240125 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NMDA receptors play a key role in both synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration. Adenosine is an endogenous neuromodulator and through membrane receptors of the A2A subtype can influence both synaptic plasticity and neuronal death. The present work was designed to evaluate the influence of adenosine A2A receptors upon NMDA receptor activity in CA1 hippocampal neurons. We discriminated between modulation of synaptic versus extrasynaptic receptors, since extrasynaptic NMDA receptors are mostly associated with neurodegeneration while synaptic NMDA receptors are linked to plasticity phenomena. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained to evaluate NMDA receptor actions on CA1 pyramidal neurons of young adult (5-10 weeks) male Wistar rat hippocampus. KEY RESULTS Activation of A2A receptors with CGS 21680 (30 nM) consistently facilitated chemically-evoked NMDA receptor-currents (NMDA-PSCs) and afferent-evoked NMDA-currents (NMDA-EPSCs), an action prevented by an A2A receptor antagonist (SCH58261, 100 nM) and a PKA inhibitor, H-89 (1 μM). These actions did not reflect facilitation in glutamate release since there was no change in NMDA-EPSCs paired pulse ratio. A2A receptor actions were lost in the presence of an open-channel NMDA receptor blocker, MK-801 (10 μM), but persisted in the presence of memantine, at a concentration (10 μM) known to preferentially block extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results show that A2A receptors exert a positive postsynaptic modulatory effect over synaptic, but not extrasynaptic, NMDA receptors in CA1 neurons and, therefore, under non-pathological conditions may contribute to shift the dual role of NMDA receptors towards enhancement of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Mouro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo M Rombo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel B Dias
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Sebastião AM, Rei N, Ribeiro JA. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Adenosine Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:267. [PMID: 29713276 PMCID: PMC5911503 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present review we discuss the potential involvement of adenosinergic signaling, in particular the role of adenosine receptors, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Though the literature on this topic is not abundant, the information so far available on adenosine receptors in animal models of ALS highlights the interest to continue to explore the role of these receptors in this neurodegenerative disease. Indeed, all motor neurons affected in ALS are responsive to adenosine receptor ligands but interestingly, there are alterations in pre-symptomatic or early symptomatic stages that mirror those in advanced disease stages. Information starts to emerge pointing toward a beneficial role of A2A receptors (A2AR), most probably at early disease states, and a detrimental role of caffeine, in clear contrast with what occurs in other neurodegenerative diseases. However, some evidence also exists on a beneficial action of A2AR antagonists. It may happen that there are time windows where A2AR prove beneficial and others where their blockade is required. Furthermore, the same changes may not occur simultaneously at the different synapses. In line with this, it is not fully understood if ALS is a dying back disease or if it propagates in a centrifugal way. It thus seems crucial to understand how motor neuron dysfunction occurs, how adenosine receptors are involved in those dysfunctions and whether the early changes in purinergic signaling are compensatory or triggers for the disease. Getting this information is crucial before starting the design of purinergic based strategies to halt or delay disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nádia Rei
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Naaldijk Y, Sardá-Arroyo L, Gonçalves MCB, Corrêa-Velloso J, Pillat MM, de Souza HDN, Ulrich H. Purinergic Receptors in Neurological Diseases With Motor Symptoms: Targets for Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:325. [PMID: 29692728 PMCID: PMC5902708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since proving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) functions as a neurotransmitter in neuron/glia interactions, the purinergic system has been more intensely studied within the scope of the central nervous system. In neurological disorders with associated motor symptoms, including Parkinson's disease (PD), motor neuron diseases (MND), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's Disease (HD), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and ataxias, alterations in purinergic receptor expression and activity have been noted, indicating a potential role for this system in disease etiology and progression. In neurodegenerative conditions, neural cell death provokes extensive ATP release and alters calcium signaling through purinergic receptor modulation. Consequently, neuroinflammatory responses, excitotoxicity and apoptosis are directly or indirectly induced. This review analyzes currently available data, which suggests involvement of the purinergic system in neuro-associated motor dysfunctions and underlying mechanisms. Possible targets for pharmacological interventions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sardá-Arroyo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. B. Gonçalves
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Corrêa-Velloso
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Micheli M. Pillat
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Héllio D. N. de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Frinchi M, Mudò G, Serio RM, Belluardo N, Buccella S, Carluccio M, Condorelli DF, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Uncovering the Signaling Pathway behind Extracellular Guanine-Induced Activation of NO System: New Perspectives in Memory-Related Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:110. [PMID: 29515443 PMCID: PMC5826394 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the guanine-based purines stand out as key player in cell metabolism and in several models of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Guanosine (GUO) and guanine (GUA) are extracellular signaling molecules derived from the breakdown of the correspondent nucleotide, GTP, and their intracellular and extracellular levels are regulated by the fine-tuned activity of two major enzymes, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and guanine deaminase (GDA). Noteworthy, GUO and GUA, seem to play opposite roles in the modulation of cognitive functions, such as learning and memory. Indeed GUO, despite exerting neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic and neurotrophic effects, causes a decay of cognitive activities, whereas GUA administration in rats results in working memory improvement (prevented by L-NAME pre-treatment). This study was designed to investigate, in a model of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line, the signal transduction pathway activated by extracellular GUA. Altogether, our results showed that: (i) in addition to an enhanced phosphorylation of ASK1, p38 and JNK, likely linked to a non-massive and transient ROS production, the PKB/NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG/ERK cascade seems to be the main signaling pathway elicited by extracellular GUA; (ii) the activation of this pathway occurs in a pertussis-toxin sensitive manner, thus suggesting the involvement of a putative G protein coupled receptor; (iii) the GUA-induced NO production, strongly reduced by cell pre-treatment with L-NAME, is negatively modulated by the EPAC-cAMP-CaMKII pathway, which causes the over-expression of GDA that, in turn, reduces the levels of GUA. These molecular mechanisms activated by GUA may be useful to support our previous observation showing that GUA improves learning and memory functions through the stimulation of NO signaling pathway, and underscore the therapeutic potential of oral administration of guanine for treating memory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvana Buccella
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Uchiwa T, Takai Y, Tashiro A, Furuse M, Yasuo S. Exposure of C57BL/6J mice to long photoperiod during early life stages increases body weight and alters plasma metabolomic profiles in adulthood. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/18/e12974. [PMID: 27650252 PMCID: PMC5037922 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal photoperiod is an important regulator of physiological phenotype in adulthood. In this study, we demonstrated that postnatal (0–4 weeks old) exposure of C57BL/6J mice to long photoperiod induced persistent increase in body weight until adulthood, compared with the mice maintained under short photoperiod. The expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor δ, a gene involved in fatty acid metabolism, was decreased in 10‐week‐old mice exposed to long photoperiod during 0–4 or 4–8 weeks of age. Plasma metabolomic profiles of adult mice exposed to a long photoperiod during the postnatal period (0–4 LD) were compared to those in the mice exposed to short photoperiod during the same period. Cluster analysis revealed that both carbon metabolic pathway and nucleic acid pathway were altered by the postnatal photoperiod. Levels of metabolites involved in glycolysis were significantly upregulated in 0–4 LD, suggesting that the mice in 0–4 LD use the glycolytic pathway for energy expenditure rather than the fatty acid oxidation pathway. In addition, the mice in 0–4 LD exhibited high levels of purine metabolites, which have a role in neuroprotection. In conclusion, postnatal exposure of C57BL/6J mice to long photoperiod induces increase in body weight and various changes in plasma metabolic profiles during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchiwa
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takai
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayako Tashiro
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yasuo
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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43
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Burnstock G. Purinergic Signalling: Therapeutic Developments. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28993732 PMCID: PMC5622197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, i.e., the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines were cloned and characterised, which includes four subtypes of the P1 (adenosine) receptor, seven subtypes of P2X ion channel receptors and 8 subtypes of the P2Y G protein-coupled receptor. Early studies were largely concerned with the physiology, pharmacology and biochemistry of purinergic signalling. More recently, the focus has been on the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. There was early recognition of the use of P1 receptor agonists for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and A2A receptor antagonists are promising for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clopidogrel, a P2Y12 antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of thrombosis and stroke, blocking P2Y12 receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. Diquafosol, a long acting P2Y2 receptor agonist, is being used for the treatment of dry eye. P2X3 receptor antagonists have been developed that are orally bioavailable and stable in vivo and are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic cough, bladder incontinence, visceral pain and hypertension. Antagonists to P2X7 receptors are being investigated for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Other investigations are in progress for the use of purinergic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, irritable bowel syndrome, epilepsy, atherosclerosis, depression, autism, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical SchoolLondon, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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44
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Faller KME, Leach J, Johnston P, Holmes WM, Macrae IM, Frenguelli BG. Proof of concept and feasibility studies examining the influence of combination ribose, adenine and allopurinol treatment on stroke outcome in the rat. Brain Neurosci Adv 2017; 1:2398212817717112. [PMID: 32166133 PMCID: PMC7058219 DOI: 10.1177/2398212817717112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral ischaemia results in a rapid and profound depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This depletion leads to disruption of cellular homeostasis and cell death. Early replenishment of ATP levels might therefore have a neuroprotective effect in the injured brain. We have previously shown that the ATP precursors, D-ribose and adenine (RibAde), restored the reduced ATP levels in rat brain slices to values similar to those measured in the intact rodent brain. The aim of this study was to assess whether RibAde, either alone or in combination with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol (RibAdeAll; to further increase the availability of ATP precursors), could improve outcome in an in vivo rodent model of transient cerebral ischaemia. Methods After 60 min occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, and upon reperfusion, rats were administered saline, RibAde, or RibAdeAll for 6 h. Baseline lesion volume was determined by diffusion-weighted MRI prior to reperfusion and final infarct volume determined by T2-weighted MRI at Day 7. Neurological function was assessed at Days 1, 3 and 7. Results Ischaemic lesion volume decreased between Days 1 and 7: a 50% reduction was observed for the RibAdeAll group, 38% for the RibAde group and 18% in the animals that received saline. Reductions in lesion size in treatment groups were accompanied by a trend for faster functional recovery. Conclusion These data support the potential use of ribose, adenine and allopurinol in the treatment of cerebral ischaemic injury, especially since all compounds have been used in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiterie M E Faller
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joshua Leach
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pamela Johnston
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William M Holmes
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I Mhairi Macrae
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Reigada D, Navarro-Ruiz RM, Caballero-López MJ, Del Águila Á, Muñoz-Galdeano T, Maza RM, Nieto-Díaz M. Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap 4A) inhibits ATP-induced excitotoxicity: a neuroprotective strategy for traumatic spinal cord injury treatment. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:75-87. [PMID: 27761681 PMCID: PMC5334201 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing cell death during the secondary injury is a major priority in the development of a cure for traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). One of the earliest processes that follow SCI is the excitotoxicity resulting from the massive release of excitotoxicity mediators, including ATP, which induce an excessive and/or prolonged activation of their receptors and a deregulation of the calcium homeostasis. Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is an endogenous purinergic agonist, present in both extracellular and intracellular fluids, with promising cytoprotective effects in different diseases including neurodegenerative processes. In a search for efficient neuroprotective strategies for SCI, we have tested the capability of Ap4A to reduce the excitotoxic death mediated by the ATP-induced deregulation of calcium homeostasis and its consequences on tissue preservation and functional recovery in a mouse model of moderate contusive SCI. Our analyses with the murine neural cell line Neuro2a demonstrate that treatment with Ap4A reduces ATP-dependent excitotoxic death by both lowering the intracellular calcium response and decreasing the expression of specific purinergic receptors. Follow-up analyses in a mouse model of contusive SCI showed that acute administration of Ap4A following SCI reduces tissue damage and improves motor function recovery. These results suggest that Ap4A cytoprotection results from a decrease of the purinergic tone preventing the effects of a massive release of ATP after SCI, probably together with a direct induction of anti-apoptotic and pro-survival pathways via activation of P2Y2 proposed in previous studies. In conclusion, Ap4A may be a good candidate for an SCI therapy, particularly to reduce excitotoxicity in combination with other modulators and/or inhibitors of the excitotoxic process that are being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reigada
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Rosa María Navarro-Ruiz
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Marcos Javier Caballero-López
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ángela Del Águila
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Teresa Muñoz-Galdeano
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Rodrigo M. Maza
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieto-Díaz
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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46
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Jimmerson LC, Bushman LR, Ray ML, Anderson PL, Kiser JJ. A LC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying Adenosine, Guanosine and Inosine Nucleotides in Human Cells. Pharm Res 2017; 34:73-83. [PMID: 27633886 PMCID: PMC5177511 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and validate a method for the simultaneous measurement of adenosine, guanosine, and inosine derived from mono (MP) and triphosphate (TP) forms in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), red blood cells (RBCs) and dried blood spots (DBS). METHODS Solid phase extraction of cell lysates followed by dephosphorylation to molar equivalent nucleoside and LC-MS/MS quantification. RESULTS The assay was linear for each of the three quantification ranges: 10-2000, 1.0-200 and 0.25-50 pmol/sample for adenosine, guanosine, and inosine, respectively. Intraassay (n = 6) and interassay (n = 18) precision (%CV) were within 1.7 to 16% while accuracy (%deviation) was within -11.5 to 14.7% for all three analytes. Nucleotide monophosphates were less concentrated than triphosphates (except for inosine) and levels in PBMCs were higher than RBCs for all three nucleotides (10, 55, and 5.6 fold for ATP, GTP and ITP, respectively). DBS samples had an average (SD) of -26% (22.6%) lower TP and 184% (173%) higher MP levels compared to paired RBC lysates, suggesting hydrolysis of the TP in DBS. CONCLUSION This method was accurate and precise for physiologically relevant concentrations of adenosine, guanosine and inosine nucleotides in mono- and triphosphate forms, providing a bioanalytical tool for quantitation of nucleotides for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Jimmerson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, V20 C238, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Lane R Bushman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, V20 C238, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Michelle L Ray
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, V20 C238, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Peter L Anderson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, V20 C238, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer J Kiser
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, V20 C238, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.
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Dale N, Sebastião AM. Dissecting neurovascular coupling mechanisms: a role for adenosine A 2A receptor: An Editorial highlight for 'Correlation of transient adenosine release and oxygen changes in the caudate-putamen'. J Neurochem 2016; 140:10-12. [PMID: 27981581 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Read the highlighted article 'Correlation of transient adenosine release and oxygen changes in the caudate-putamen' on page 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dale
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ana Maria Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Rombo DM, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM. Hippocampal GABAergic transmission: a new target for adenosine control of excitability. J Neurochem 2016; 139:1056-1070. [PMID: 27778347 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Physiological network functioning in the hippocampus is dependent on a balance between glutamatergic cell excitability and the activity of diverse local circuit neurons that release the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Tuners of neuronal communication such as adenosine, an endogenous modulator of synapses, control hippocampal network operations by regulating excitability. Evidence has been recently accumulating on the influence of adenosine on different aspects of GABAergic transmission to shape hippocampal function. This review addresses how adenosine, through its high-affinity A1 (A1 R) and A2A receptors (A2A R), interferes with different GABA-mediated forms of inhibition in the hippocampus to regulate neuronal excitability. Adenosine-mediated modulation of phasic/tonic inhibitory transmission, of GABA transport mechanisms and its interference with other modulatory systems are discussed together with the putative implications for neuronal function in physiological and pathological conditions. This article is part of a mini review series: 'Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo M Rombo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Thomaz DT, Dal-Cim TA, Martins WC, Cunha MP, Lanznaster D, de Bem AF, Tasca CI. Guanosine prevents nitroxidative stress and recovers mitochondrial membrane potential disruption in hippocampal slices subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:707-718. [PMID: 27613537 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine, the endogenous guanine nucleoside, prevents cellular death induced by ischemic events and is a promising neuroprotective agent. During an ischemic event, nitric oxide has been reported to either cause or prevent cell death. Our aim was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of guanosine against oxidative damage in hippocampal slices subjected to an in vitro ischemia model, the oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) protocol. We also assessed the participation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes activity on the neuroprotection promoted by guanosine. Here, we showed that guanosine prevented the increase in ROS, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite production induced by OGD. Moreover, guanosine prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in hippocampal slices subjected to OGD. Guanosine did not present an antioxidant effect per se. The protective effects of guanosine were mimicked by inhibition of neuronal NOS, but not of inducible NOS. The neuroprotective effect of guanosine may involve activation of cellular mechanisms that prevent the increase in nitric oxide production, possibly via neuronal NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Thomaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tharine A Dal-Cim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Wagner C Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maurício Peña Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora Lanznaster
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Andreza F de Bem
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, UFSC, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, UFSC, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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50
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Paul R, Borah A. L-DOPA-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in Parkinson's disease: Elephant in the room. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1989-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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