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Ngetich R, Villalba-García C, Soborun Y, Vékony T, Czakó A, Demetrovics Z, Németh D. Learning and memory processes in behavioural addiction: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105747. [PMID: 38870547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Similar to addictive substances, addictive behaviours such as gambling and gaming are associated with maladaptive modulation of key brain areas and functional networks implicated in learning and memory. Therefore, this review sought to understand how different learning and memory processes relate to behavioural addictions and to unravel their underlying neural mechanisms. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched four databases - PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the agreed-upon search string. Findings suggest altered executive function-dependent learning processes and enhanced habit learning in behavioural addiction. Whereas the relationship between working memory and behavioural addiction is influenced by addiction type, working memory aspect, and task nature. Additionally, long-term memory is incoherent in individuals with addictive behaviours. Consistently, neurophysiological evidence indicates alterations in brain areas and networks implicated in learning and memory processes in behavioural addictions. Overall, the present review argues that, like substance use disorders, alteration in learning and memory processes may underlie the development and maintenance of behavioural addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ngetich
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | | | - Yanisha Soborun
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Teodóra Vékony
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, INSERM, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France; Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Andrea Czakó
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Dezső Németh
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, INSERM, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France; Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; BML-NAP Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University & Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Faustmann LL, Altgassen M. Practice is the best of all instructors-Effects of enactment encoding and episodic future thinking on prospective memory performance in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2024; 17:1258-1275. [PMID: 38800974 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to carry out intended actions in the future. The present study investigated the effects of episodic future thinking (EFT) and enactment encoding (EE) on PM performance in autistic adults (ASD). A total of 72 autistic individuals and 70 controls matched for age, gender, and cognitive abilities completed a computerized version of the Dresden breakfast Task, which required participants to prepare breakfast following a set of rules and time restrictions. A two (group: ASD vs. controls) by three (encoding condition: EFT vs. EE vs. standard) between-subjects design was applied. Participants were either instructed to engage in EFT or EE to prepare to the different tasks prior to performing the Dresden breakfast or received standard instructions. Analyses of variance were conducted. Autism-spectrum-disorders (ASD) participants did not differ from control participants in their PM performance, regardless of which strategy they used. Compared to the standard condition, EE but not EFT improved time-based PM performance in all participants. This is the first study to find spared time-based PM performance in autistic individuals. The results confirm earlier results of beneficial effects of EE on PM performance. Findings are discussed with regards to the methodology used, sample composition as well as autistic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L Faustmann
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mareike Altgassen
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Fernandino L, Binder JR. How does the "default mode" network contribute to semantic cognition? BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 252:105405. [PMID: 38579461 PMCID: PMC11135161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
This review examines whether and how the "default mode" network (DMN) contributes to semantic processing. We review evidence implicating the DMN in the processing of individual word meanings and in sentence- and discourse-level semantics. Next, we argue that the areas comprising the DMN contribute to semantic processing by coordinating and integrating the simultaneous activity of local neuronal ensembles across multiple unimodal and multimodal cortical regions, creating a transient, global neuronal ensemble. The resulting ensemble implements an integrated simulation of phenomenological experience - that is, an embodied situation model - constructed from various modalities of experiential memory traces. These situation models, we argue, are necessary not only for semantic processing but also for aspects of cognition that are not traditionally considered semantic. Although many aspects of this proposal remain provisional, we believe it provides new insights into the relationships between semantic and non-semantic cognition and into the functions of the DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Fernandino
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
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Li H, Wang Q, Hou WP, Chen DY, Ding YS, Zhang ZF, Hou WW, Sha S, Yang NB, Bo QJ, Wang Y, Zhou FC, Wang CY. Further clarification of cognitive processes of prospective memory in schizophrenia by comparing eye-tracking and ecologically-valid measurements. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38580688 PMCID: PMC10997606 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare ecologically-valid measure (the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test, CAMPROMPT) and laboratory measure (eye-tracking paradigm) in assessing prospective memory (PM) in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). In addition, eye-tracking indices are used to examine the relationship between PM and other cognitive domains in SSDs patients. Initially, the study sample was formed by 32 SSDs patients and 32 healthy control subjects (HCs) who were matched in sociodemographic profile and the performance on CAMPROMPT. An eye-tracking paradigm was employed to examine the differences in PM accuracy and key cognitive processes (e.g., cue monitoring) between the two groups. Additional 31 patients were then recruited to investigate the relationship between PM cue monitoring, other cognitive functions, and the severity of clinical symptoms within the SSDs group. The monitoring of PM cue was reflected in total fixation time and total fixation counts for distractor words. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Chinese version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to assess psychopathology. SSDs patients exhibited fewer total fixation counts for distractor words and lower PM accuracy compared to HCs, even though they were priori matched on CAMPROMPT. Correlation analysis within the SSDs group (63 cases) indicated a negative correlation between PM accuracy and PANSS total score, and a positive correlation with working memory and attention/vigilance. Regression analysis within the SSDs group revealed that higher visual learning and lower PANSS total scores independently predicted more total fixation counts on distractor words. Impairment in cue monitoring is a critical factor in the PM deficits in SSDs. The eye-tracking laboratory paradigm has advantages over the ecologically-valid measurement in identifying the failure of cue detection, making it a more sensitive tool for PM deficits in patients with SSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing Fengtai Mental Health Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Peng Hou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Yang Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Shen Ding
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Sha
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Bo Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qi-Jing Bo
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, 23A Baiduizi, Haidian District, Beijing, 100073, China
| | - Fu-Chun Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuan-Yue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
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Vicentin S, Cona G, Arcara G, Bisiacchi P. Sensory modality affects the spatiotemporal dynamics of alpha and theta oscillations associated with prospective memory. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 196:112284. [PMID: 38110002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maintenance of an intention in memory (Prospective Memory, PM) while performing a task is associated with a cost in terms of both performance (longer response times and lower accuracy) and neurophysiological modulations, which extent depends on several features of the stimuli. AIM This study explores the neural patterns associated with PM in different sensory modalities, to identify differences depending on this variable and discuss their functional meaning. METHOD Data were collected using a High-Density EEG during a baseline and a PM condition, proposed in a visual and an auditory version. Theta and alpha oscillations were compared between the two conditions within each modality using a cluster-based permutation approach. RESULTS PM conditions were associated with clusters of decreased alpha and theta activity in both modalities. However, different spatiotemporal dynamics were elicited as a function of sensory modality: alpha decreases displayed an overlapping onset between modalities, but different durations, lasting longer in the auditory modality. Conversely, the clusters of decreased theta activity presented similar durations between modalities, but different temporal and spatial onsets, appearing at different moments over the respective sensory areas. CONCLUSIONS The similar spatiotemporal properties of alpha suppression between modalities indicate that such oscillations may represent a supramodal, top-down process, presumably reflecting the external direction of attention to successfully detect the prospective cue (strategic monitoring). In theta, the clusters showed more modality-specific differences, which temporal and spatial properties correspond to the ones necessary to perform the ongoing task, suggesting a shift in resource allocation in favor of the PM task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vicentin
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Cona
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Bisiacchi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy
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Cona G, Santacesaria P, Scarpazza C. Envisioning the future: An ALE meta-analysis on neural correlates of future thinking, prospective memory and delay discounting. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105355. [PMID: 37562654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Our representations of the future are processed in the service of several different cognitive functions, including episodic future thinking, prospective memory, and temporal discounting. The present meta-analysis used the Activation Likelihood Estimation method to understand whether there is a core network underlying future-oriented cognition and to identify the specific brain regions that support future-related processes in each function. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a total of 24, 19, and 27 neuroimaging studies were included for future thinking, prospective memory, and temporal discounting, respectively. Results showed that there is no specific region or network for the future. Instead, the 'future' seems to be represented on an anterior-posterior tangibility gradient, based on the level of abstractness/concreteness of the simulated scenario. Additionally, future-oriented cognition is mediated by two distinct networks: the Default Network and the Salience Network. The Default Network is mainly active in supporting future thinking, whereas the Salience Network is primarily involved in prospective memory and delay discounting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Cona
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Italy.
| | - Paola Santacesaria
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Scarpazza
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy; IRCSS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
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Yu H, Gao J, Chang RSK, Mak W, Thach TQ, Cheung RTF. Inhibitory dysfunction may cause prospective memory impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients: an event-related potential study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1006744. [PMID: 37565055 PMCID: PMC10410078 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1006744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember future intentions, and PM function is closely related to independence in daily life, particularly in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). As PM involves various cognitive components of attention, working memory, inhibition and other executive functions, this study investigated how TLE may affect PM components and the underlying neural mechanisms. Methods Sixty-four subjects were recruited, including 20 refractory TLE patients, 18 well-controlled TLE patients and 26 age-matched healthy controls. A set of neuropsychological tests was administered to assess specific brain functions. An event-related potential (ERP) task was used to further explore how PM and its components would be differentially affected in the two TLE types. Results Our findings revealed that: (1) refractory TLE patients scored lower than the healthy controls in the digit span, Verbal Fluency Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test; (2) refractory TLE patients exhibited impaired PM performance and reduced prospective positivity amplitudes over the frontal, central and parietal regions in ERP experiments when compared to the healthy controls; and (3) decreased P3 amplitudes in the nogo trials were observed over the frontal-central sites in refractory but not in well-controlled TLE patients. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first ERP study on PM that has specifically identified PM impairment in refractory but not in well-controlled TLE patients. Our finding of double dissociation in PM components suggests that inhibition dysfunction may be the main reason for PM deficit in refractory TLE patients. The present results have clinical implications for neuropsychological rehabilitation in TLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemei Yu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junling Gao
- Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Richard Shek-Kwan Chang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Windsor Mak
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thuan-Quoc Thach
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Tak Fai Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cantarella G, Mastroberardino S, Bisiacchi P, Macaluso E. Prospective memory: the combined impact of cognitive load and task focality. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1425-1441. [PMID: 37356055 PMCID: PMC10335960 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Prospective Memory (PM) entails a set of executive processes primarily associated with the activation of frontal and parietal regions. Both the number of PM-targets to be monitored (i.e. task load) and the relationship between the type of PM-targets and the ongoing (ONG) task (i.e. task focality) can impact executive monitoring and PM performance. In the present imaging study, we manipulated load and focality of an event-based PM task to test the hypothesis that common resources engage in situations requiring high levels of cognitive control: that is, in high-load (i.e. monitor multiple PM-targets) and non-focal conditions (i.e. monitor at the same time letters' identity and color). We investigated monitoring-related and detection-related processes by assessing behavior and brain activity separately for ONG trials (monitoring) and PM-targets (detection). At the behavioral level, we found a significant interaction between load and focality during detection, with slowest reaction times for focal, high-load PM-targets. The imaging analyses of the detection phase revealed the activation of the left intraparietal sulcus in the high-load conditions. Both in the monitoring and the detection phases, we found overlapping effects of non-focality and low-load in the fusiform gyrus. Our results suggest that under low-load conditions, cognitive control operates via early selection mechanisms in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex. By contrast, high-load conditions entail control at later processing stages within the dorsal parietal cortex. We conclude that load and focality operate via different mechanisms, with the level of task load largely determining how cognitive control selects the most relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cantarella
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - S Mastroberardino
- Department of Human and Educational Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Bisiacchi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy
| | - E Macaluso
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, IMPACT, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, 69500, Bron, France
- NeuroImaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Dynamic functional connectivity associated with prospective memory success in children. NEUROIMAGE: REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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The power of negative and positive episodic memories. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:869-903. [PMID: 35701665 PMCID: PMC9196161 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The power of episodic memories is that they bring a past moment into the present, providing opportunities for us to recall details of the experiences, reframe or update the memory, and use the retrieved information to guide our decisions. In these regards, negative and positive memories can be especially powerful: Life’s highs and lows are disproportionately represented in memory, and when they are retrieved, they often impact our current mood and thoughts and influence various forms of behavior. Research rooted in neuroscience and cognitive psychology has historically focused on memory for negative emotional content. Yet the study of autobiographical memories has highlighted the importance of positive emotional memories, and more recently, cognitive neuroscience methods have begun to clarify why positive memories may show powerful relations to mental wellbeing. Here, we review the models that have been proposed to explain why emotional memories are long-lasting (durable) and likely to be retrieved (accessible), describing how in overlapping—but distinctly separable—ways, positive and negative memories can be easier to retrieve, and more likely to influence behavior. We end by identifying potential implications of this literature for broader topics related to mental wellbeing, education, and workplace environments.
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Rodríguez-Nieto G, Mercadillo RE, Pasaye EH, Barrios FA. Affective and cognitive brain-networks are differently integrated in women and men while experiencing compassion. Front Psychol 2022; 13:992935. [PMID: 36176793 PMCID: PMC9513369 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different theoretical models have proposed cognitive and affective components in empathy and moral judgments encompassing compassion. Furthermore, gender differences in psychological and neural functions involving empathic and moral processing, as well as compassionate experiences, have been reported. However, the neurobiological function regarding affective and cognitive integration underlying compassion and gender-associated differences has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the interaction between cognitive and emotional components through functional connectivity analyzes and to explore gender differences for the recruitment and interaction of these components. Thirty-six healthy participants (21–56 years; 21 women) were exposed to social images in an fMRI session to judge whether the stimuli elicited compassion. The results showed a different connectivity pattern for women and men of the insular cortex, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and the cingulate cortex. The integration of affective and cognitive components follows a complex functional connectivity pattern that is different for both genders. These differences may indicate that men largely make compassionate judgments based on contextual information, while women tend to notably take internal and introspective processes into account. Women and men can use different affective and cognitive routes that could converge in similar learning of moral values, empathic experiences and compassionate acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Rodríguez-Nieto
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberto E. Mercadillo
- Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México City, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, México City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Roberto E. Mercadillo, ,
| | - Erick H. Pasaye
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Fernando A. Barrios
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico
- Fernando A. Barrios,
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Burgess PW, Crum J, Pinti P, Aichelburg C, Oliver D, Lind F, Power S, Swingler E, Hakim U, Merla A, Gilbert S, Tachtsidis I, Hamilton A. Prefrontal cortical activation associated with prospective memory while walking around a real-world street environment. Neuroimage 2022; 258:119392. [PMID: 35714887 PMCID: PMC10509823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rostral PFC (area 10) activation is common during prospective memory (PM) tasks. But it is not clear what mental processes these activations index. Three candidate explanations from cognitive neuroscience theory are: (i) monitoring of the environment; (ii) spontaneous intention retrieval; (iii) a combination of the two. These explanations make different predictions about the temporal and spatial patterns of activation that would be seen in rostral PFC in naturalistic settings. Accordingly, we plotted functional events in PFC using portable fNIRS while people were carrying out a PM task outside the lab and responding to cues when they were encountered, to decide between these explanations. Nineteen people were asked to walk around a street in London, U.K. and perform various tasks while also remembering to respond to prospective memory (PM) cues when they detected them. The prospective memory cues could be either social (involving greeting a person) or non-social (interacting with a parking meter) in nature. There were also a number of contrast conditions which allowed us to determine activation specifically related to the prospective memory components of the tasks. We found that maintaining both social and non-social intentions was associated with widespread activation within medial and right hemisphere rostral prefrontal cortex (BA 10), in agreement with numerous previous lab-based fMRI studies of prospective memory. In addition, increased activation was found within lateral prefrontal cortex (BA 45 and 46) when people were maintaining a social intention compared to a non-social one. The data were then subjected to a GLM-based method for automatic identification of functional events (AIDE), and the position of the participants at the time of the activation events were located on a map of the physical space. The results showed that the spatial and temporal distribution of these events was not random, but aggregated around areas in which the participants appeared to retrieve their future intentions (i.e., where they saw intentional cues), as well as where they executed them. Functional events were detected most frequently in BA 10 during the PM conditions compared to other regions and tasks. Mobile fNIRS can be used to measure higher cognitive functions of the prefrontal cortex in "real world" situations outside the laboratory in freely ambulant individuals. The addition of a "brain-first" approach to the data permits the experimenter to determine not only when haemodynamic changes occur, but also where the participant was when it happened. This can be extremely valuable when trying to link brain and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK.
| | - James Crum
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
| | - Paola Pinti
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | | | - Dominic Oliver
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
| | - Frida Lind
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
| | - Sarah Power
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | | | - Uzair Hakim
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Infrared Imaging Lab, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technology (ITAB), Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Sam Gilbert
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - Antonia Hamilton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
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Ferrucci L, Nougaret S, Ceccarelli F, Sacchetti S, Fascianelli V, Benozzo D, Genovesio A. Social monitoring of actions in the macaque frontopolar cortex. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 218:102339. [PMID: 35963359 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The frontopolar cortex (FPC) of primates appeared as a main innovation in the evolution of anthropoid primates and it has been placed at the top of the prefrontal hierarchy. The only study to date that investigated the activity of FPC neurons in monkeys performing a cognitive task suggested that these cells were involved in the monitoring of self-generated actions. We recorded the activity of neurons in the FPCs of two rhesus monkeys while they performed a social variant of a nonmatch-to-goal task that required monitoring the actions of a human or computer agent. We discovered that the role of FPC neurons extends beyond self-generated actions to include monitoring others' actions. Their monitoring activity was very specific. First, neurons in the FPC encoded the spatial position of the target but not its object features. Second, a dedicated representation of the human agent actions was tied to the time of target acquisition, while it was reduced or absent in the successive epochs of the trial. Finally, this other-specific neural substrate did not emerge during the interaction with a virtual agent such as the computer. These results provide a new perspective on the functions of a uniquely primate brain area, suggesting that FPC might play an important role in social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ferrucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simon Nougaret
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ceccarelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; PhD program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Sacchetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Fascianelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Benozzo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Genovesio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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14
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Mair RG, Francoeur MJ, Krell EM, Gibson BM. Where Actions Meet Outcomes: Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Central Thalamus, and the Basal Ganglia. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:928610. [PMID: 35864847 PMCID: PMC9294389 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.928610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) interacts with distributed networks that give rise to goal-directed behavior through afferent and efferent connections with multiple thalamic nuclei and recurrent basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits. Recent studies have revealed individual roles for different thalamic nuclei: mediodorsal (MD) regulation of signaling properties in mPFC neurons, intralaminar control of cortico-basal ganglia networks, ventral medial facilitation of integrative motor function, and hippocampal functions supported by ventral midline and anterior nuclei. Large scale mapping studies have identified functionally distinct cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical subnetworks that provide a structural basis for understanding information processing and functional heterogeneity within the basal ganglia. Behavioral analyses comparing functional deficits produced by lesions or inactivation of specific thalamic nuclei or subregions of mPFC or the basal ganglia have elucidated the interdependent roles of these areas in adaptive goal-directed behavior. Electrophysiological recordings of mPFC neurons in rats performing delayed non-matching-to position (DNMTP) and other complex decision making tasks have revealed populations of neurons with activity related to actions and outcomes that underlie these behaviors. These include responses related to motor preparation, instrumental actions, movement, anticipation and delivery of action outcomes, memory delay, and spatial context. Comparison of results for mPFC, MD, and ventral pallidum (VP) suggest critical roles for mPFC in prospective processes that precede actions, MD for reinforcing task-relevant responses in mPFC, and VP for providing feedback about action outcomes. Synthesis of electrophysiological and behavioral results indicates that different networks connecting mPFC with thalamus and the basal ganglia are organized to support distinct functions that allow organisms to act efficiently to obtain intended outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Mair
- Department of Psychology, The University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Miranda J. Francoeur
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Erin M. Krell
- Department of Psychology, The University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Brett M. Gibson
- Department of Psychology, The University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
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15
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Ainsworth M, Wu Z, Browncross H, Mitchell AS, Bell AH, Buckley MJ. Frontopolar cortex shapes brain network structure across prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 217:102314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Koo YW, Neumann DL, Ownsworth T, Yeung MK, Shum DHK. Understanding the Neural Basis of Prospective Memory Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:905491. [PMID: 35782049 PMCID: PMC9245923 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.905491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to perform a planned action at an intended future time. This study examined the neural correlates of PM using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). This study employed a within-participants design. A laboratory PM task was adapted for use with fNIRS to investigate regions of interest and levels of brain activation during task performance in 32 participants (63% female, Mage = 21.31 years, SDage = 4.62 years). Participants first completed a working memory (WM) task (N-back ongoing task) followed by a WM plus PM task while neural activity was measured using fNIRS. Behavioral results revealed an interference effect for reaction time on the WM task, whereby participants were significantly slower to respond in the WM plus PM task compared to the WM task. Ongoing task accuracies did not differ between the two conditions. fNIRS results revealed a higher level of neural activity in the fronto-polar prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the WM plus PM task compared to the WM Condition. These findings highlight that fNIRS is a suitable tool for studying and understanding the neural basis of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wen Koo
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yu Wen Koo
| | - David L. Neumann
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - Tamara Ownsworth
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia
- The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael K. Yeung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David H. K. Shum
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review systematically synthesizes existing evidence of prospective memory training for healthy older adults (> 55 years). Existing prospective memory training include strategy-based, process-based and combined regimens. Strategy-based training focuses on different mnemonics to compensate for aging declines in prospective memory. Process-based training aims to restore related cognitive processes to support prospective memory. Combined training utilizes both strategy-based and process-based regimens to enhance prospective memory performance. METHODS A total of 349 studies were identified from the Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PsycINFO and PubMed databases. RESULTS Using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were included in the review. There were six studies of strategy-based training, two studies of process-based training and three studies of combined training. CONCLUSIONS Overall, strategy-based training appears to facilitate prospective memory for healthy older adults. However, it is impossible to draw conclusions for process-based and combined training due to the preliminary nature of current evidence. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Mental imagery or the use of external aids can be useful strategy-based approaches to facilitate prospective memory in older adults. Strategy-based training should target multiple prospective memory phases simultaneously to encourage transfers. Further studies will be required to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of process-based and combined training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pak Lik Tsang
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alma Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Herman Hay Ming Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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18
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Quirin M, Kerber A, Küstermann E, Radtke EL, Kazén M, Konrad C, Baumann N, Ryan RM, Ennis M, Kuhl J. Not the Master of Your Volitional Mind? The Roles of the Right Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Personality Traits in Unconscious Introjections Versus Self-Chosen Goals. Front Psychol 2022; 13:740925. [PMID: 35572260 PMCID: PMC9102375 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.740925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are unconditionally confronted with social expectations and norms, up to a degree that they, or some of them, have a hard time recognizing what they actually want. This renders them susceptible for introjection, that is, to unwittingly or “unconsciously” mistake social expectations for self-chosen goals. Such introjections compromise an individual’s autonomy and mental health and have been shown to be more prevalent in individuals with rumination tendencies and low emotional self-awareness. In this brain imaging study, we draw on a source memory task and found that introjections, as indicated by imposed tasks that are falsely recognized as self-chosen, involved the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Notably, reduced right MPFC activation within this condition correlated with trait scores of ruminations and reduced emotional self-awareness, but also introversion. Moreover, correct recognition of tasks as self-chosen involved the right MPFC. Accordingly, the right MPFC may play a role in supporting the maintenance of psychological autonomy and counteract introjection, which individuals with certain personality traits seem to be prone to. This research has significant implications for the study of mechanisms underlying autonomous motivation, goal and norm internalization, decision-making, persuasion, education, and clinical conditions such as depression and burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Quirin
- School of Management, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- Department of Psychology, PFH Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Kerber
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Küstermann
- Department of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Elise L Radtke
- Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Miguel Kazén
- Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Carsten Konrad
- Department of Medicine, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Baumann
- Department of Psychology, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Richard M Ryan
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Michael Ennis
- Department of Psychology, California State University at Chico, Chico, CA, United States
| | - Julius Kuhl
- Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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19
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Chen PH, Rau PLP. Alpha Oscillations in Parietal and Parietooccipital Explaining How Boredom Matters Prospective Memory. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:789031. [PMID: 35495062 PMCID: PMC9043245 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.789031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intelligent interaction alters previous human–machine task allocation patterns. Human workers will suffer from boredom and inattention, posing a significant challenge for the human–machine interaction loop. This study aims to investigate the relationship between boredom and prospective memory, which is a memory form including the detecting, identifying, and executing functions. Thus, the attention and memory mechanisms are critical to complete prospective memory tasks when bored. This study recruited twenty-eight participants and used electroencephalography to measure the alpha power in brain regions. The results indicated that parietal oscillations had a mediation effect on prospective memory, which could be associated with the frequent unstable attention. In addition, this study found that parietooccipital oscillations linked boredom and prospective memory, and the default mode network (DMN) and visual processing during boredom could better explain this finding. The findings of this study suggested that attention management and influences of processing visual information were starting points to cope with boredom because they could help prepare for prospective memory and make optimal decisions accordingly.
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20
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Sun J, Zhang K, Su X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, He L, Hu L. The Chinese version of the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST): development and evaluation of its reliability and concurrent validity. Clin Neuropsychol 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35266859 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2047791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a simplified Chinese version of the "Memory for Intentions Test" (MIST), evaluate its reliability and concurrent validity, explore the inter-relationships among the MIST variables and the relationships between the MIST variables and socio-demographic factors. Two hundred healthy, Chinese-speaking adults of the Han community participated in this study. Form A of the Chinese MIST and two prospective items of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test, Second Edition (RBMT-II, Chinese version) were administered to all participants to evaluate internal consistency, split-half reliability, and concurrent validity. Twenty of these participants were assessed twice on Form A with a two-week interval to examine test-retest reliability. They were also assessed on both Form A and Form B to examine alternate-form reliability. The findings of the study indicated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .833) and excellent split-half reliability (r = .924-.930) among the six subscales of the Chinese MIST, although the internal consistency was low (Cronbach's α = .129) for individual PM trials. We also found adequate concurrent validity (ρ = .722, p< .001), test-retest reliability (ρ = .716, p < .001), and alternate-form reliability (ρ= .828, p < .001). The Chinese MIST demonstrated suitable reliability and concurrent validity in the Chinese-speaking population. The present study provides a new standardized prospective memory test for the Chinese population, which would enhance future clinical research in this field on the Chinese mainland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianbiao Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Cheeloo Chollege of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qunlei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Cheeloo Chollege of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Cheeloo Chollege of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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21
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Zlomuzica A, Dere E. Towards an animal model of consciousness based on the platform theory. Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113695. [PMID: 34856300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of intellectual capacities has brought forth a continuum of consciousness levels subserved by neuronal networks of varying complexity. Brain pathologies, neurodegenerative, and mental diseases affect conscious cognition and behavior. Although impairments in consciousness are among the most devastating consequences of neurological and mental diseases, valid and reliable animal models of consciousness, that could be used for preclinical research are missing. The platform theory holds that the brain enters a conscious operation mode, whenever mental representations of stimuli, associations, concepts, memories, and experiences are effortfully maintained (in working memory) and actively manipulated. We used the platform theory as a framework and evaluation standard to categorize behavioral paradigms with respect to the level of consciousness involved in task performance. According to the platform theory, a behavioral paradigm involves conscious cognitive operations, when the problem posed is unexpected, novel or requires the maintenance and manipulation of a large amount of information to perform cognitive operations on them. Conscious cognitive operations are associated with a relocation of processing resources and the redirection of attentional focus. A consciousness behavioral test battery is proposed that is composed of tests which are assumed to require higher levels of consciousness as compared to other tasks and paradigms. The consciousness test battery for rodents includes the following tests: Working memory in the radial arm maze, episodic-like memory, prospective memory, detour test, and operant conditioning with concurrent variable-interval variable-ratio schedules. Performance in this test battery can be contrasted with the performance in paradigms and tests that require lower levels of consciousness. Additionally, a second more comprehensive behavioral test battery is proposed to control for behavioral phenotypes not related to consciousness. Our theory could serve as a guidance for the decryption of the neurobiological basis of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zlomuzica
- Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), Massenbergstraße 9-13, D-44787 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Ekrem Dere
- Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), Massenbergstraße 9-13, D-44787 Bochum, Germany; Sorbonne Université. Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, (IBPS), Département UMR 8256: Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement, UFR des Sciences de la Vie, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Bâtiment B, 9 quai Saint Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
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22
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Hsu YH, Huang SM, Lin SY, Yang JJ, Tu MC, Kuo LW. Prospective Memory and Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity in Normal and Pathological Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:753-762. [PMID: 35124645 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory (PM), the ability to execute a previously formed intention given the proper circumstance, has been proven to be vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies have indicated the involvement of the frontoparietal networks; however, it is proposed that PM may also be associated with other neural substrates that support stimulus-dependent spontaneous cognition. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine the hypothesis that PM deficit in Alzheimer's disease is related to altered functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network (DMN). METHODS Thirty-four patients with very mild or mild dementia (17 with Alzheimer's disease and 17 with subcortical ischemic vascular disease) and 22 cognitively-normal participants aged above 60 received a computerized PM task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed at group level within the DMN. RESULTS We found that the dementia groups showed worse PM performance and altered FC within the DMN as compared to the normal aging individuals. The FC between the medial prefrontal cortices and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex was significantly correlated with PM in normal aging, while the FC between the right precuneus and bilateral inferior parietal lobules was correlated with PM in patients with Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION These findings support a potential role for the DMN in PM, and corroborate that PM deficit in Alzheimer's disease was associated with altered FC within the posterior hubs of the DMN, with spatial patterning different from normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan.,Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yeh Lin
- Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jir-Jei Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tu
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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The benefits of emotionally salient cues on event-based prospective memory in bipolar patients and schizophrenia patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1503-1511. [PMID: 33594521 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to carry out a delayed intention in the future. Evidence suggests that emotionally salient cues can enhance PM functions in healthy population, but whether the benefit exists in schizophrenia and bipolar patients remains unclear. This study aimed to examine and compare the potential enhancement effect of emotional PM cues in schizophrenia patients and bipolar patients. Twenty-eight clinically stable schizophrenia participants, 26 euthymic bipolar participants and 29 controls completed a computerized PM task involving PM cues with different types of valences (i.e., positive, neutral and negative). All the three groups showed better PM performance when negative PM cues were presented compared with positive and neutral PM cues. The sizes of the enhancement effects of negative PM cues were large (all Cohen's d ≥ 1.00) and comparable across three groups. Our findings suggested that patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders could benefit from negative PM cues to an extent similar to healthy individuals, thus extended the notion of psychosis continuum to the important area of emotion-cognition interaction.
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24
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Zhuang XM, Kuo LW, Lin SY, Yang JJ, Tu MC, Hsu YH. Prospective Memory and Regional Functional Connectivity in Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:686040. [PMID: 34489671 PMCID: PMC8417716 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.686040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) often have prominent frontal dysfunction. However, it remains unclear how SIVD affects prospective memory (PM), which strongly relies on the frontoparietal network. The present study aimed to investigate PM performance in patients with early stage SIVD as compared to those with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to older adults with normal cognition, and to explore the neural correlates of PM deficits. Method: Patients with very-mild to mild dementia due to SIVD or AD and normal controls (NC) aged above 60 years were recruited. Seventy-three participants (20 SIVD, 22 AD, and 31 NC) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cognitive screening tests, and a computerized PM test. Sixty-five of these participants (19 SIVD, 20 AD, and 26 NC) also received resting-state functional MRI. Results: The group with SIVD had significantly fewer PM hits than the control group on both time-based and non-focal event-based PM tasks. Among patients in the very early stage, only those with SIVD but not AD performed significantly worse than the controls. Correlational analyses showed that non-focal event-based PM in SIVD was positively correlated with regional homogeneity in bilateral superior and middle frontal gyri, while time-based PM was not significantly associated with regional homogeneity in any of the regions of interest within the dorsal frontoparietal regions. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the vulnerability of non-focal event-based PM to the disruption of regional functional connectivity in bilateral superior and middle frontal gyri in patients with SIVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Miao Zhuang
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Lin
- Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jir-Jei Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tu
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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25
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La Corte V, Ferrieux S, Abram M, Bertrand A, Dubois B, Teichmann M, Piolino P. The role of semantic memory in prospective memory and episodic future thinking: new insights from a case of semantic dementia. Memory 2021; 29:943-962. [PMID: 34412554 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1936069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM), the ability to remember to execute planned actions, and episodic future thinking (EFT), the ability to imagine future personal events, are two core aspects of future-oriented cognition. The present study aimed for the first time at examining the role of semantic memory loss in PM and EFT in a single case patient (SL) at the early stage of semantic dementia.First, we investigated various types of PM as well as episodic memory of new events using a validated ecological assessment via virtual reality. Second, we examined EFT using a temporally extended version of the TEMPau task, which measures episodic aspects of remembering the past and imagining the future taking temporal distance into account.Patient SL was deficient in semantically linked event-based PM and was unable to provide any EFT for the most distant period but was preserved in other types of PM and near and intermediate EFT.These findings provide new evidence on the role of semantic memory in PM depending on the type of intention and in EFT depending on the temporal distance mirroring autobiographical memory. Finally, they point out a specific link between PM and near EFT in future-oriented cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina La Corte
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab), UR 7536, Université de Paris, Boulogne, France.,Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Ferrieux
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maria Abram
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab), UR 7536, Université de Paris, Boulogne, France
| | - Anne Bertrand
- INSERM U1127, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1127, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marc Teichmann
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1127, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Piolino
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab), UR 7536, Université de Paris, Boulogne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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26
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Pinti P, Devoto A, Greenhalgh I, Tachtsidis I, Burgess PW, de C Hamilton AF. The role of anterior prefrontal cortex (area 10) in face-to-face deception measured with fNIRS. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:129-142. [PMID: 32577765 PMCID: PMC7812627 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC, Brodmann area 10) activations are often, but not always, found in neuroimaging studies investigating deception, and the precise role of this area remains unclear. To explore the role of the PFC in face-to-face deception, we invited pairs of participants to play a card game involving lying and lie detection while we used functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record brain activity in the PFC. Participants could win points for successfully lying about the value of their cards or for detecting lies. We contrasted patterns of brain activation when the participants either told the truth or lied, when they were either forced into this or did so voluntarily and when they either succeeded or failed to detect a lie. Activation in the anterior PFC was found in both lie production and detection, unrelated to reward. Analysis of cross-brain activation patterns between participants identified areas of the PFC where the lead player’s brain activity synchronized their partner’s later brain activity. These results suggest that during situations that involve close interpersonal interaction, the anterior PFC supports processing widely involved in deception, possibly relating to the demands of monitoring one’s own and other people’s behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pinti
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Andrea Devoto
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Isobel Greenhalgh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul W Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
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27
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Eich TS, Lao P, Anderson MC. Cortical thickness in the right inferior frontal gyrus mediates age-related performance differences on an item-method directed forgetting task. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:95-102. [PMID: 34265506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that older adults have difficulty relative to younger adults in forgetting irrelevant information. Here we sought to understand the physical basis of this deficit by investigating the relationship between cortical thickness and intentional forgetting, using an item-method directed forgetting task. We tested younger (n = 44) and older (n = 54) adults' memories for words that they were instructed to either remember or to forget, and then extracted cortical thickness values from brain regions previously shown, using functional neuroimaging, to be associated with memory suppression, including the right inferior frontal gyrus, the right postcentral gyrus and the left superior/middle frontal gyrus. Results from a parallel mediation model indicated that variations in cortical thickness in the right inferior frontal gyrus, but not the right postcentral gyrus or left superior/middle frontal gyrus, partially explained age-related differences in directed forgetting: older adults with thinner cortices in this area showed worse forgetting ability. This is the first study to explore how neuromorphological differences affect the ability to intentionally suppress items in memory. The results suggest that age-related differences in directed forgetting may be partly driven by cortical thickness in a brain structure known to be functionally involved in directed forgetting, and inhibitory control more broadly, supporting a contribution of deficient inhibition to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teal S Eich
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute, Columbia University, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Patrick Lao
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute, Columbia University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael C Anderson
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge
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28
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Costanzo F, Fucà E, Menghini D, Circelli AR, Carlesimo GA, Costa A, Vicari S. Event-Based Prospective Memory Deficit in Children with ADHD: Underlying Cognitive Factors and Association with Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115849. [PMID: 34072498 PMCID: PMC8199111 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Event-based prospective memory (PM) was investigated in children with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using a novel experimental procedure to evaluate the role of working memory (WM) load, attentional focus, and reward sensitivity. The study included 24 children with ADHD and 23 typically-developing controls. The experimental paradigm comprised one baseline condition (BC), only including an ongoing task, and four PM conditions, varying for targets: 1 Target (1T), 4 Targets (4T), Unfocal (UN), and Reward (RE). Children with ADHD were slower than controls on all PM tasks and less accurate on both ongoing and PM tasks on the 4T and UN conditions. Within the ADHD group, the accuracy in the RE condition did not differ from BC. A significant relationship between ADHD-related symptoms and reduced accuracy/higher speed in PM conditions (PM and ongoing trials), but not in BC, was detected. Our data provide insight on the adverse role of WM load and attentional focus and the positive influence of reward in the PM performance of children with ADHD. Moreover, the relation between PM and ADHD symptoms paves the road for PM as a promising neuropsychological marker for ADHD diagnosis and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Costanzo
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (D.M.); (A.R.C.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0668597091
| | - Elisa Fucà
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (D.M.); (A.R.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Deny Menghini
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (D.M.); (A.R.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Antonella Rita Circelli
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (D.M.); (A.R.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (G.A.C.); (A.C.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Costa
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (G.A.C.); (A.C.)
- Department of Psychology, Niccolò Cusano University, 00154 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (D.M.); (A.R.C.); (S.V.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
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29
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Mouthon AL, Meyer-Heim A, Huber R, Van Hedel HJA. Neural correlates of memory recovery: Preliminary findings in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:61-71. [PMID: 33579882 PMCID: PMC7990412 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: After acquired brain injury (ABI), patients show various neurological impairments and outcome is difficult to predict. Identifying biomarkers of recovery could provide prognostic information about a patient’s neural potential for recovery and improve our understanding of neural reorganization. In healthy subjects, sleep slow wave activity (SWA, EEG spectral power 1–4.5 Hz) has been linked to neuroplastic processes such as learning and brain maturation. Therefore, we suggest that SWA might be a suitable measure to investigate neural reorganization underlying memory recovery. Objectives: In the present study, we used SWA to investigate neural correlates of recovery of function in ten paediatric patients with ABI (age range 7–15 years). Methods: We recorded high-density EEG (128 electrodes) during sleep at the beginning and end of rehabilitation. We used sleep EEG data of 52 typically developing children to calculate age-normalized values for individual patients. In patients, we also assessed every-day life memory impairment at the beginning and end of rehabilitation. Results: In the course of rehabilitation, memory recovery was paralleled by longitudinal changes in SWA over posterior parietal brain areas. SWA over left prefrontal and occipital brain areas at the beginning of rehabilitation predicted memory recovery. Conclusions: We show that longitudinal sleep-EEG measurements are feasible in the clinical setting. While posterior parietal and prefrontal brain areas are known to belong to the memory “core network”, occipital brain areas have never been related to memory. While we have to remain cautious in interpreting preliminary findings, we suggest that SWA is a promising measure to investigate neural reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Mouthon
- Swiss Children's Rehab - Research Department and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Meyer-Heim
- Swiss Children's Rehab - Research Department and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubertus J A Van Hedel
- Swiss Children's Rehab - Research Department and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Morand A, Segobin S, Lecouvey G, Gonneaud J, Eustache F, Rauchs G, Desgranges B. Brain Substrates of Time-Based Prospective Memory Decline in Aging: A Voxel-Based Morphometry and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:396-409. [PMID: 32935836 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) allows us to remember to perform intended actions at a specific time in the future. TBPM is sensitive to the effects of age, but the neural substrates of this decline are still poorly understood. The aim of the present study was thus to better characterize the brain substrates of the age-related decline in TBPM, focusing on macrostructural gray matter and microstructural white matter integrity. We administered a TBPM task to 22 healthy young (26 ± 5.2 years) and 23 older (63 ± 5.9 years) participants, who also underwent volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging scans. Neuroimaging analyses revealed lower gray matter volumes in several brain areas in older participants, but these did not correlate with TBPM performance. By contrast, an age-related decline in fractional anisotropy in several white-matter tracts connecting frontal and occipital regions did correlate with TBPM performance, whereas there was no significant correlation in healthy young subjects. According to the literature, these tracts are connected to the anterior prefrontal cortex and the thalamus, 2 structures involved in TBPM. These results confirm the view that a disconnection process occurs in aging and contributes to cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grégory Lecouvey
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Géraldine Rauchs
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, 14000 Caen, France
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31
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Otero MC, Rau HK, Shofer JB, Peskind ER, Pagulayan KF. Self-perceived irritability among OEF/OIF/OND veterans with a history of deployment-related mTBI: Associations with prospective memory and quality of life. Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 36:1384-1404. [PMID: 33327865 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1856413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine relationships between self-perceived irritability, prospective memory, and quality of life (QOL) following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods: 75 OEF/OIF/OND-era Veterans (56 deployment-related mTBI; 19 no history of TBI), were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests and self-report measures of mood and QOL. Self-perceived irritability was measured using the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory. Prospective memory (PM) was measured using the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST). Results: Self-perceived irritability was significantly higher for Veterans with, versus without, a history of deployment-related mTBI. Among Veterans with a history of mTBI, self-perceived irritability was inversely associated with PM performance, even after adjusting for PTSD severity. Greater self-perceived irritability was also associated with higher depressive symptoms and reduced QOL for perceived physical health, psychological health, social support, and environmental factors; however, only social support remained significant after adjusting for PTSD severity. Depression symptom severity was not significantly associated with PM, suggesting that PM may be uniquely related to self-perceived irritability rather than mood dysregulation more generally. Conclusions: Findings provide preliminary evidence of a relationship between PM and self-perceived irritability in Veterans with a history of mTBI. PM and irritability may be related via their mutual reliance on high-level cognitive control. Results illustrate possible cognitive and affective factors contributing to psychological and interpersonal challenges for this population. Future investigations with larger and more diverse samples are needed to replicate findings and explore potential mechanisms linking irritability and PM following mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela C Otero
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System,Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Holly K Rau
- VA Northwest (VISN 20) MIRECC, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jane B Shofer
- VA Northwest (VISN 20) MIRECC, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- VA Northwest (VISN 20) MIRECC, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen F Pagulayan
- VA Northwest (VISN 20) MIRECC, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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32
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Liu L, Roquet D, Ahmed RM, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Irish M. Examining prefrontal contributions to past- and future-oriented memory disturbances in daily life in dementia. Cortex 2020; 134:307-319. [PMID: 33333361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in episodic memory are commonplace in dementia, yet mounting evidence indicates pervasive impairments in future-oriented thinking in these syndromes. How such impairments manifest in the daily lives of people with dementia remain unclear, as do their neural bases. This study aimed to determine the neurocognitive mechanisms of past- and future-oriented memory performance across a large sample of dementia syndromes, each of which is characterised by distinct clinical and cognitive profiles. Carer-rated memory changes in everyday life in Alzheimer's disease, behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, progressive non-fluent aphasia, and logopenic progressive aphasia were assessed using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRM-Q). Participants underwent neuropsychological testing and whole-brain structural MRI. Relative to Controls, past- and future-oriented memory were compromised exclusively in AD and bvFTD, with no impairments reported for the other groups. For AD, atrophy in a distributed network of prefrontal, lateral and medial temporal regions including the hippocampus, correlated with past- and future-oriented memory impairments. In contrast, lateral and medial prefrontal regions correlated with past- and future-oriented memory difficulties in bvFTD. Notably, the orbitofrontal cortex emerged as a common neural substrate implicated in memory disturbances across the AD and bvFTD groups. This study confirms the presence of episodic amnesia in bvFTD across a host of everyday activities, mirroring the profile typically observed in AD. Of note, the orbitofrontal cortex emerged as a common region implicated in past- and future-oriented memory deficits in both patient groups, underscoring a critical role for prefrontal regions in supporting complex aspects of memory function in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Roquet
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Ahmed
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Muireann Irish
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia.
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33
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Devrimci-Ozguven H, Hosgoren Alıcı Y, Demirbugen Oz M, Suzen HS, Kale HE, Baskak B. The role of COMT polymorphism in modulation of prefrontal activity during verbal fluency in bipolar disorder. Neurosci Lett 2020; 738:135310. [PMID: 32822765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Verbal fluency (VF) impairment is a strong predictor of social functioning in bipolar disorder (BPD). The enzyme catechol-O- methyltransferase (COMT) has a critical role in cognitive responses by modulating dopaminergic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here, we investigated the role of COMT polymorphism (i) in VF performance as well as (ii) in modulation of PFC activity during a VF-task in euthymic BPD patients. METHODS 30 subjects with remitted BPD-I and 23 healthy controls (HCs) were genotyped for COMT Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism and were compared in a VF-task. PFC activity was measured by 24-Channel Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. RESULTS Bipolar subjects displayed lower VF performance than HCs. During the VF-task, BPD-group displayed higher activity than HCs in the Brocca's area, Premotor-cortex and supplementary motor area (SMA). In the index group, Val/Met polymorphism was associated with higher activity in the left- frontopolar and dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) during the VF-task. LIMITATIONS Antipsychotic use may have interfered with the results. CONCLUSIONS Increased activity in the Brocca's area may represent compensation of low VF performance, whereas hyperactivity in premotor-cortex and SMA may be associated with increased behavioral intention and/or restlessness in BPD. Higher activity in left-frontopolar and DLPC among Val/Met individuals compared to Met-homozygotes may represent less effective prefrontal dopaminergic signaling in Val/Met individuals with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Demirbugen Oz
- Ankara University, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H S Suzen
- Ankara University, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H E Kale
- Ankara University, Brain Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Baskak
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University, Brain Research Center, Ankara, Turkey; Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey
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34
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Scalici F, Carlesimo GA, Santangelo V, Barban F, Macaluso E, Caltagirone C, Costa A. Does Cue Focality Modulate Age-related Performance in Prospective Memory? An fMRI Investigation. Exp Aging Res 2020; 47:1-20. [DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2020.1839310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Scalici
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Santangelo
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences & Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Barban
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Macaluso
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Costa
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Psychology Department, Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, Italy
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35
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Magis-Weinberg L, Custers R, Dumontheil I. Sustained and Transient Processes in Event-based Prospective Memory in Adolescence and Adulthood. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:1924-1945. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the cognitive processes associated with remembering to perform an intended action after a delay. Varying the salience of PM cues while keeping the intended response constant, we investigated the extent to which participants relied on strategic monitoring, through sustained, top–down control, or on spontaneous retrieval via transient bottom–up processes. There is mixed evidence regarding developmental improvements in event-based PM performance after the age of 13 years. We compared PM performance and associated sustained and transient neural correlates in 28 typically developing adolescents (12–17 years old) and 19 adults (23–30 years old). Lower PM cue salience associated with slower ongoing task (OT) RTs, reflected by increased μ ex-Gaussian parameter, and sustained increases in frontoparietal activation during OT blocks, both thought to reflect greater proactive control supporting cue monitoring. Behavioral and neural correlates of PM trials were not specifically modulated by cue salience, revealing little difference in reactive control between conditions. The effect of cue salience was similar across age groups, suggesting that adolescents are able to adapt proactive control engagement to PM task demands. Exploratory analyses showed that younger, but not older, adolescents were less accurate and slower in PM trials relative to OT trials than adults and showed greater transient activation in PM trials in an occipito-temporal cluster. These results provide evidence of both mature and still maturing aspects of cognitive processes associated with implementation of an intention after a delay during early adolescence.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prospective memory (PM) is the memory used when intentions are to be carried out in the future. Little research has been conducted examining PM after stroke. This study aimed to determine if PM is impaired after stroke through comparison of individuals with stroke to healthy controls. Additionally, it aimed to explore the predictors of PM performance post-stroke. METHOD Twenty-eight individuals with stroke and 27 neurologically healthy controls completed the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT), 2 self-report PM questionnaires, and multiple cognitive measures. RESULTS Individuals with stroke performed significantly lower on both event- and time-based PM than controls on the CAMPROMPT, indicating PM impairment. Event-based PM after stroke was significantly predicted by age, retrospective memory (RM), and global cognitive function, whereas time-based PM was only predicted by the metacognitive skill of note-taking. Age and note-taking predicted time-based PM for controls, whereas only age predicted event-based PM for control participants. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study have helped to confirm that PM impairment does exist after stroke, particularly when using a standardised PM measure. Furthermore, PM impairment may be predicted by variables, such as age, strategy use, RM, and cognitive ability.
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37
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Hamm AG, Mattfeld AT. Distinct Neural Circuits Underlie Prospective and Concurrent Memory-Guided Behavior. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2541-2553.e4. [PMID: 31484067 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The past is the best predictor of the future. This simple postulate belies the complex neurobiological mechanisms that facilitate an individual's use of memory to guide decisions. Previous research has shown integration of memories bias decision-making. Alternatively, memories can prospectively guide our choices. Here, we elucidate the mechanisms and timing of hippocampal (HPC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and striatal contributions during prospective memory-guided decision-making. We develop an associative learning task in which the correct choice is conditional on the preceding stimulus. Two distinct networks emerge: (1) a prospective circuit consisting of the HPC, putamen, mPFC, and other cortical regions, which exhibit increased activation preceding successful conditional decisions and (2) a concurrent circuit comprising the caudate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and additional cortical structures that engage during the execution of correct conditional choices. Our findings demonstrate distinct neurobiological circuits through which memory prospectively biases decisions and influences choice execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Hamm
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Aaron T Mattfeld
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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38
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Kubik V, Del Missier F, Mäntylä T. Spatial ability contributes to memory for delayed intentions. COGNITIVE RESEARCH-PRINCIPLES AND IMPLICATIONS 2020; 5:36. [PMID: 32770430 PMCID: PMC7415055 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-020-00229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Most everyday activities involve delayed intentions referring to different event structures and timelines. Yet, past research has mostly considered prospective memory (PM) as a dual-task phenomenon in which the primary task to fulfill PM intentions is realized within an ongoing secondary task. We hypothesized that these simplified simulations of PM may have obscured the role of spatial relational processing that is functional to represent and meet the increased temporal demands in more complex PM scenarios involving multiple timelines. To test this spatiotemporal hypothesis, participants monitored four digital clocks, with PM deadlines referring either to the same clock (single-context condition) or different clocks (multiple-context condition), along with separate tests of spatial ability (mental rotation task) and executive functioning (working memory updating). We found that performance in the mental rotation task incrementally explained PM performance in the multiple-context, but not in the single-context, condition, even after controlling for individual differences in working memory updating and ongoing task performance. These findings suggest that delayed intentions occurring in multiple ongoing task contexts reflect independent contributions of working memory updating and mental rotation and that spatial relational processing may specifically be involved in higher cognitive functions, such as complex PM in multiple contexts or multitasking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Kubik
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany. .,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fabio Del Missier
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Timo Mäntylä
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lajeunesse A, Potvin MJ, Labelle V, Joubert S, Rouleau I. Characterization of prospective memory in mild cognitive impairment by using the Ecological test of Prospective Memory. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2020; 28:367-391. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1772192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Lajeunesse
- Department of Psychology, Université Du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Center, Institut De Gériatrie De Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier De l’Université De Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Julie Potvin
- Neurotraumatology program, Hôpital Du Sacré-Cœur De Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Véronique Labelle
- Centre de services ambulatoires en santé mentale et de réadaptation en dépendance de Charlemagne, CISSS de Lanaudière, Charlemagne, Canada
| | - Sven Joubert
- Research Center, Institut De Gériatrie De Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université De Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Department of Psychology, Université Du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier De l’Université De Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Hodel J, Leclerc X, Zuber M, Gerber S, Besson P, Marcaud V, Roubeau V, Brasme H, Ganzoui I, Ducreux D, Pruvo JP, Bertoux M, Zins M, Lopes R. Structural Connectivity and Cortical Thickness Alterations in Transient Global Amnesia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:798-803. [PMID: 32381542 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a sudden onset of anterograde and retrograde amnesia. We aimed to assess differences in terms of cortical thickness and structural brain connectome between patients with TGA (at acute and delayed postrecovery stages) and matched controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report on 18 consecutive patients with TGA who underwent 3T MR imaging, including DTI and MPRAGE sequences, at the acute (mean delay postonset: 44 hours) and delayed post-recovery (mean delay: 35 days) stages. Structural connectome was assessed in patients with TGA and in 18 age- and sex-matched controls by using probabilistic fiber- tracking and segmentation of 164 cortical/subcortical structures ("nodes"). Connectivity graphs were computed and global network metrics were calculated. Network-based statistical analysis (NBS) was applied to compare patients with TGA at each stage with controls. We also compared cortical thickness between patients with TGA and healthy controls. RESULTS Global network metrics were not altered in patients with TGA. NBS-analysis showed structural connectome alterations in patients with TGA compared with controls, in core regions involving the limbic network, with 113 nodes and 114 connections (33 left intrahemispheric, 31 right intrahemispheric, and 50 interhemispheric connections) showing significantly decreased structural connectivity (P < .05 NBS corrected, t-values ranging from 3.03 to 8.73). Lower cortical thickness compared with controls was associated with these structural alterations in patients with TGA, involving the orbitofrontal, cingulate, and inferior temporal cortices. All the abnormalities were visible at both acute and delayed postrecovery stages. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary study suggests there are structural abnormalities of the limbic network in patients with TGA compared with controls, including decreased structural connectivity and cortical thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hodel
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.H., S.G., I.G., M.Z.)
| | - X Leclerc
- Department of Neuroradiology (X.L., J.-P.P., R.L.), Roger Salengro Hospital, Lille, France
| | - M Zuber
- Neurology (M.Z., V.M., V.R., H.B.), Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR S919 (M.Z.), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - S Gerber
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.H., S.G., I.G., M.Z.)
| | - P Besson
- Department of Radiology (P.B.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - V Marcaud
- Neurology (M.Z., V.M., V.R., H.B.), Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris, France
| | - V Roubeau
- Neurology (M.Z., V.M., V.R., H.B.), Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris, France
| | - H Brasme
- Neurology (M.Z., V.M., V.R., H.B.), Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris, France
| | - I Ganzoui
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.H., S.G., I.G., M.Z.)
| | - D Ducreux
- Department of Neuroradiology (D.D.), Bicêtre Hospital, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - J-P Pruvo
- Department of Neuroradiology (X.L., J.-P.P., R.L.), Roger Salengro Hospital, Lille, France
| | - M Bertoux
- University of Lille (M.B., R.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - M Zins
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.H., S.G., I.G., M.Z.)
| | - R Lopes
- Department of Neuroradiology (X.L., J.-P.P., R.L.), Roger Salengro Hospital, Lille, France.,University of Lille (M.B., R.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
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41
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Plastic frontal pole cortex structure related to individual persistence for goal achievement. Commun Biol 2020; 3:194. [PMID: 32346052 PMCID: PMC7189238 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent goal-directed behaviours result in achievements in many fields. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of persistence and the methods that enhance the neuroplasticity underlying persistence, remain unclear. We here demonstrate that the structural properties of the frontal pole cortex (FPC) before tasks contain information that can classify Achievers and Non-achievers (goal-directed persistence) participating in three tasks that differ in time scale (hours to months) and task domains (cognitive, language, and motor learning). We also found that most Achievers exhibit experience-dependent neuroplastic changes in the FPC after completing language and motor learning tasks. Moreover, we confirmed that a coaching strategy that used subgoals modified goal-directed persistence and increased the likelihood of becoming an Achiever. Notably, we discovered that neuroplastic changes in the FPC were facilitated by the subgoal strategy, suggesting that goal-striving, using effective coaching, optimizes the FPC for goal persistence. Hosoda et al. study the neurobiological underpinnings of goal pursuit and persistence. They use MRI data and identify areas in the frontal pole cortex that could predict performance on various tasks. They also show that coaching results in neuroplastic remodeling that increases the likelihood of goal persistence.
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Löffler A, Haggard P, Bode S. Decoding Changes of Mind in Voluntary Action-Dynamics of Intentional Choice Representations. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:1199-1212. [PMID: 31504263 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Voluntary actions rely on appropriate flexibility of intentions. Usually, we should pursue our goals, but sometimes we should change goals if they become too costly to achieve. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neural dynamics underlying the capacity to change one's mind based on new information after action onset. Multivariate pattern analyses revealed that in visual areas, neural representations of intentional choice between 2 visual stimuli were unchanged by additional decision-relevant information. However, in fronto-parietal cortex, representations changed dynamically as decisions evolved. Precuneus, angular gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex encoded new externally cued rewards/costs that guided subsequent changes of mind. Activity in medial frontal cortex predicted changes of mind when participants detached from externally cued evidence, suggesting a role in endogenous decision updates. Finally, trials with changes of mind were associated with an increase in functional connectivity between fronto-parietal areas, allowing for integration of various endogenous and exogenous decision components to generate a distributed consensus about whether to pursue or abandon an initial intention. In conclusion, local and global dynamics of choice representations in fronto-parietal cortex allow agents to maintain the balance between adapting to changing environments versus pursuing internal goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Löffler
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behaviour Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, 50969 Cologne, Germany
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Möschl M, Fischer R, Bugg JM, Scullin MK, Goschke T, Walser M. Aftereffects and deactivation of completed prospective memory intentions: A systematic review. Psychol Bull 2020; 146:245-278. [PMID: 31886687 PMCID: PMC7007322 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory, the ability to perform an intended action in the future, is an essential aspect of goal-directed behavior. Intentions influence our behavior and shape the way we process and interact with our environment. One important question for research on prospective memory and goal-directed behavior is whether this influence stops after the intention has been completed successfully. Are intention representations deactivated from memory after their completion, and if so, how? Here, we systematically review 20 years of research on intention deactivation and so-called aftereffects of completed intentions across different research fields to offer an integrative perspective on this topic. We first introduce the currently dominant accounts of aftereffects (inhibition vs. retrieval) and illustrate the paradigms, findings, and interpretations that these accounts developed from. We then review the evidence for each account based on the extant research in these paradigms. While early studies proposed a rapid deactivation or even inhibition of completed intentions, more recent studies mostly suggested that intentions continue to be retrieved even after completion and interfere with subsequent performance. Although these accounts of aftereffects seem mutually exclusive, we will show that they might be two sides of the same coin. That is, intention deactivation and the occurrence of aftereffects are modulated by a multitude of factors that either foster a rapid deactivation or lead to continued retrieval of completed intentions. Lastly, we outline future directions and novel experimental procedures for research on mechanisms and modulators of intention deactivation and discuss practical implications of our findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Möschl
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Rico Fischer
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julie M. Bugg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Scullin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, United States of America
| | - Thomas Goschke
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Walser
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Nurdal V, Wearn A, Knight M, Kauppinen R, Coulthard E. Prospective memory in prodromal Alzheimer's disease: Real world relevance and correlations with cortical thickness and hippocampal subfield volumes. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 26:102226. [PMID: 32151996 PMCID: PMC7063259 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prospective memory (PM) is a marker of independent living in Alzheimer's disease. PM requires cue identification (prospective component) and remembering what should happen in response to the cue (retrospective component). We assessed neuroanatomical basis and functional relevance of PM. METHODS 84 older participants (53-94 years old, 58% male) with or without Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) performed PM tests, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale and had a structural MRI of the brain to estimate for cortical thickness and hippocampal subfield volumes. A General Linear Model cluster analysis was carried out using FreeSurfer to determine which cortical regions were correlated with PM scores. RESULTS Both components of PM are impaired in MCI (p < .001). The retrospective component of PM correlates strongly with ADL (p = .005). Prospective component performance correlates positively with cortical thickness of bilateral frontal-temporal-parietal cortex and volume of CA1 of hippocampus. In contrast, the retrospective component performance correlates positively with cortical thickness of a right-lateralised fronto-temporal-parietal network and volumes of subiculum and CA3 hippocampal subfields. DISCUSSION Our neuroimaging findings complement and extend previous research into structural correlates of PM. Here, we show that there are distinct, yet, overlapping brain regions correlating with the two components of PM. PM performance provides a window into real-life functional abilities in people at risk of Alzheimer's disease and could be utilised as a marker of clinically relevant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Nurdal
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Alfie Wearn
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Knight
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Risto Kauppinen
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth Coulthard
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Clinical Neurosciences, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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Tarder-Stoll H, Jayakumar M, Dimsdale-Zucker HR, Günseli E, Aly M. Dynamic internal states shape memory retrieval. Neuropsychologia 2020; 138:107328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hsu YH, Huang CF, Huang WH, Deng JF, Tu MC. Microstructural Correlates and Laterality Effect of Prospective Memory in Non-Demented Adults with Memory Complaints. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2020; 47:375-384. [PMID: 31466053 DOI: 10.1159/000501366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies suggest the importance of prospective memory (ProM) due to its functional relevance and sensitivity to neuropathology. However, its relevant neural substrates have not been sufficiently explored. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between structural connectivity and both objective and subjective ProM measures in a group of non-demented people with subjective memory complaints, and to examine the potential of ProM measures to detect the difference between subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the pre-dementia stage. METHOD Thirty-sevennon-dementedparticipants aged above 50 years were recruited from an outpatient Neurology Clinic; 13 of them fulfilled the criteria of MCI and 24 of SCD. All subjects received comprehensive neuropsychological tests, including the adapted version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test, as well as the Taiwan version of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire. The diffusion tensor imaging technique with tract-based spatial statistics was applied to measure cerebral microstructural changes. RESULTS Time-based ProM performance was significantly correlated with microstructural integrity of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, while the event-based one was associated with that of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and the genu of the corpus callosum among all participants and in the SCD group. After controlling for age, the correlation remained significant between event-based ProM performance and the left superior longitudinal fasciculus among all participants and in the MCI group, as well as between event-based ProM performance and the genu among all participants. Although self-reported ProM failures in real life was associated with fiber disruption of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus among all participants and within the MCI group, an inverse relationship was also observed with that of the corpus callosum in the SCD group even after controlling for age. As compared to the SCD group, people with MCI performed significantly worse on time-based ProM tasks and reported more ProM failures in daily life. CONCLUSIONS ProM was related to the integrity of interhemispheric commissural fibers and association fibers that connect the frontal lobe with posterior regions, with a task-specific laterality effect. Time-based ProM tasks and self-reported ProM questionnaire may be sensitive to early pathological cognitive deterioration, while the concomitant aging process and individual awareness level may respectively confound the results of evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Fu Deng
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tu
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan, .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan,
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Fronda G, Monti C, Sozzi M, Corbo M, Balconi M. Prospective memory and working memory in comparison. New experimental paradigms. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:834-840. [PMID: 31858863 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1707821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study: Prospective memory (PM) is a cognitive high load activity. Two main models showed the relation between working memory (WM) and PM. The preparatory attentional and memory processes model (PAM) posits an interdependence between WM and PM; while, the multiprocess framework assumes independence between these two functions.Materials and methods: With the aim to investigate this relation, two tasks were administered to a sample of 21 healthy participants. The first task (arithmetic) required low cognitive and WM load together with a prospective task, the second (PASAT) required high cognitive and WM load together with a prospective switching task. The prospective task included two modalities of administration: based on a sound cue (event-based) or at a given moment (time-based).Results: PM accuracy was influenced by WM only when paired to complex tasks that require high cognitive load on WM and active PM self-retrieval processes (time-PASAT).Conclusions: These results support partial independence between these two mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fronda
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Monti
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Sozzi
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Del Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Del Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Balconi
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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Cona G, Chiossi F, Di Tomasso S, Pellegrino G, Piccione F, Bisiacchi P, Arcara G. Theta and alpha oscillations as signatures of internal and external attention to delayed intentions: A magnetoencephalography (MEG) study. Neuroimage 2020; 205:116295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Combertaldi SL, Rasch B. Healthy Sleepers Can Worsen Their Sleep by Wanting to Do so: The Effects of Intention on Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:981-997. [PMID: 33204201 PMCID: PMC7667149 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s270376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep is regulated by homeostatic and circadian factors. In addition, psychological factors have a strong modulatory impact on our sleep, but the exact underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we examined the role of intentions on subjective and objective sleep parameters. Young healthy sleepers were instructed to voluntarily either worsen or improve their sleep. We predicted that participants would be capable of worsening, but not improving, their sleep compared to a regular sleep condition. In addition, we predicted that the instruction to alter sleep would lead to a higher discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep variables. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Twenty-two healthy students participated in one adaptation and three experimental nights. Polysomnography and subjective sleep parameters were measured during all four nights. Participants were instructed to sleep regularly ("neutral"), better ("good") or worse ("bad") than normal, in a counterbalanced order. RESULTS The instruction to sleep "bad" increased objective sleep onset latency and the number of awakings during the night. The effects were stronger on subjective sleep variables, resulting in a higher sleep misperception in the "bad" condition as compared to the other two conditions. The instruction to sleep "good" did not improve sleep nor did it affect sleep misperception. CONCLUSION We conclude that intention is sufficient to impair (but not improve) subjective and objective sleep quality and to increase sleep misperception in healthy young sleepers. Our results have important implications for the understanding of the impact of psychological factors on our sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Ladina Combertaldi
- Division of Cognitive Biopsychology and Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, FR, Switzerland
| | - Björn Rasch
- Division of Cognitive Biopsychology and Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, FR, Switzerland
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An Effect of Chronic Stress on Prospective Memory via Alteration of Resting-State Hippocampal Subregion Functional Connectivity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19698. [PMID: 31873134 PMCID: PMC6928207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of hippocampal function by chronic stress impairs higher order cognitive functions such as prospective memory (PM). However, how chronic stress affects hippocampal subregions related to PM remains largely unknown. In this study, the altered functional network of hippocampal subregions related to PM in chronic stress was explored. College students (N = 21) completed PM tasks and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans one month prior to (baseline) and during the final examination week (chronic stress). Hippocampal subregions’ seed-based functional connectivity (FC) and PM were compared between baseline and chronic stress. PM performance declined in chronic stress. The FC of the cornu ammonis 2, 3 and dentate gyrus (CA23DG) with the bilateral caudate and precuneus was increased in chronic stress, while the FC of the subicular complex (SUBC) with the left middle frontal gyrus, the left inferior parietal gyrus and the right supramarginal gyrus was decreased. There was a negative correlation between PM performance and the FC of hippocampal subregions. We found chronic stress impairs PM by decreasing the FC of SUBC and increasing the FC of CA23DG. These findings suggest functional changes in hippocampal subregion networks as a mechanism underlying the impairment of PM in chronic stress.
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