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Dmytriw AA, Hadjinicolaou A, Ntolkeras G, Tamilia E, Pesce M, Berto LF, Grant PE, Pang E, Ahtam B. Magnetoencephalography for the pediatric population, indications, acquisition and interpretation for the clinician. Neuroradiol J 2024:19714009241260801. [PMID: 38864180 DOI: 10.1177/19714009241260801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an imaging technique that enables the assessment of cortical activity via direct measures of neurophysiology. It is a non-invasive and passive technique that is completely painless. MEG has gained increasing prominence in the field of pediatric neuroimaging. This dedicated review article for the pediatric population summarizes the fundamental technical and clinical aspects of MEG for the clinician. We discuss methods tailored for children to improve data quality, including child-friendly MEG facility environments and strategies to mitigate motion artifacts. We provide an in-depth overview on accurate localization of neural sources and different analysis methods, as well as data interpretation. The contemporary platforms and approaches of two quaternary pediatric referral centers are illustrated, shedding light on practical implementations in clinical settings. Finally, we describe the expanding clinical applications of MEG, including its pivotal role in presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients, presurgical mapping of eloquent cortices (somatosensory and motor cortices, visual and auditory cortices, lateralization of language), its emerging relevance in autism spectrum disorder research and potential future clinical applications, and its utility in assessing mild traumatic brain injury. In conclusion, this review serves as a comprehensive resource of clinicians as well as researchers, offering insights into the evolving landscape of pediatric MEG. It discusses the importance of technical advancements, data acquisition strategies, and expanding clinical applications in harnessing the full potential of MEG to study neurological conditions in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Dmytriw
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aristides Hadjinicolaou
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georgios Ntolkeras
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleonora Tamilia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Pesce
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura F Berto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pang
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Banu Ahtam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Wang Y, Ma L, Wang J, Ding Y, Liu N, Men W, Tan S, Gao JH, Qin S, He Y, Dong Q, Tao S. The neural and genetic underpinnings of different developmental trajectories of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms in children and adolescents. BMC Med 2024; 22:223. [PMID: 38831366 PMCID: PMC11149188 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trajectory of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children and adolescents, encompassing descending, stable, and ascending patterns, delineates their ADHD status as remission, persistence or late onset. However, the neural and genetic underpinnings governing the trajectory of ADHD remain inadequately elucidated. METHODS In this study, we employed neuroimaging techniques, behavioral assessments, and genetic analyses on a cohort of 487 children aged 6-15 from the Children School Functions and Brain Development project at baseline and two follow-up tests for 1 year each (interval 1: 1.14 ± 0.32 years; interval 2: 1.14 ± 0.30 years). We applied a Latent class mixed model (LCMM) to identify the developmental trajectory of ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents, while investigating the neural correlates through gray matter volume (GMV) analysis and exploring the genetic underpinnings using polygenic risk scores (PRS). RESULTS This study identified three distinct trajectories (ascending-high, stable-low, and descending-medium) of ADHD symptoms from childhood through adolescence. Utilizing the linear mixed-effects (LME) model, we discovered that attention hub regions served as the neural basis for these three developmental trajectories. These regions encompassed the left anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex (ACC/mPFC), responsible for inhibitory control; the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), which facilitated conscious focus on exogenous stimuli; and the bilateral middle frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus (MFG/PCG), accountable for regulating both dorsal and ventral attention networks while playing a crucial role in flexible modulation of endogenous and extrinsic attention. Furthermore, our findings revealed that individuals in the ascending-high group exhibited the highest PRS for ADHD, followed by those in the descending-medium group, with individuals in the stable-low group displaying the lowest PRS. Notably, both ascending-high and descending-medium groups had significantly higher PRS compared to the stable-low group. CONCLUSIONS The developmental trajectory of ADHD symptoms in the general population throughout childhood and adolescence can be reliably classified into ascending-high, stable-low, and descending-medium groups. The bilateral MFG/PCG, left ACC/mPFC, and right IPL may serve as crucial brain regions involved in attention processing, potentially determining these trajectories. Furthermore, the ascending-high pattern of ADHD symptoms exhibited the highest PRS for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Leilei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuyin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ningyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Weiwei Men
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sha Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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3
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Picci G, Ott LR, Petro NM, Casagrande CC, Killanin AD, Rice DL, Coutant AT, Arif Y, Embury CM, Okelberry HJ, Johnson HJ, Springer SD, Pulliam HR, Wang YP, Calhoun VD, Stephen JM, Heinrichs-Graham E, Taylor BK, Wilson TW. Developmental alterations in the neural oscillatory dynamics underlying attentional reorienting. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101288. [PMID: 37567094 PMCID: PMC10432959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural and cognitive processes underlying the flexible allocation of attention undergo a protracted developmental course with changes occurring throughout adolescence. Despite documented age-related improvements in attentional reorienting throughout childhood and adolescence, the neural correlates underlying such changes in reorienting remain unclear. Herein, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine neural dynamics during a Posner attention-reorienting task in 80 healthy youth (6-14 years old). The MEG data were examined in the time-frequency domain and significant oscillatory responses were imaged in anatomical space. During the reorienting of attention, youth recruited a distributed network of regions in the fronto-parietal network, along with higher-order visual regions within the theta (3-7 Hz) and alpha-beta (10-24 Hz) spectral windows. Beyond the expected developmental improvements in behavioral performance, we found stronger theta oscillatory activity as a function of age across a network of prefrontal brain regions irrespective of condition, as well as more limited age- and validity-related effects for alpha-beta responses. Distinct brain-behavior associations between theta oscillations and attention-related symptomology were also uncovered across a network of brain regions. Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate developmental effects in the spectrally-specific neural oscillations serving the flexible allocation of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Lauren R Ott
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Nathan M Petro
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Chloe C Casagrande
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Abraham D Killanin
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Danielle L Rice
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Anna T Coutant
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Yasra Arif
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Christine M Embury
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Hannah J Okelberry
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Hallie J Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Seth D Springer
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Haley R Pulliam
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) [Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University], Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
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4
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Papp S, Tombor L, Kakuszi B, Réthelyi JM, Bitter I, Czobor P. Electrophysiological underpinnings of dysfunctional inhibitory control in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence for reduced NoGo anteriorization. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023:10.1007/s00702-023-02639-0. [PMID: 37131048 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to delineate the electrophysiological basis of dysfunctional inhibitory control of adult ADHD via investigating the anteriorization of the P3 component of the event-related brain response associated with the NoGo task condition (i.e., NoGo anteriorization, NGA). NGA is a neurophysiological measure of brain topography for cognitive response control, which indexes an overall shift of the brain's electrical activity in anterior direction towards the prefrontal areas. While the NoGo P3 received considerable attention in the adult ADHD literature, the brain topography of this component, which reflects the inhibitory process, remains largely unaddressed. EEG recordings were obtained during a Go/NoGo task from 51 subjects (n = 26 adult patients with ADHD, n = 25 healthy controls) using a high-density, 128-channel BioSemi ActiveTwo recording system. ADHD patients had significantly lower P3 NGA response compared to controls. The decrease in NGA was related to impulsivity scores as measured by the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale: patients with higher impulsivity scores had significantly lower NGA. Treatment with stimulant medication, as compared to the lack of such treatment, was associated with a correction of the lower NGA response in ADHD patients. The current study revealed a lower NGA in adult ADHD, a finding which is consistent with the inhibitory control and frontal lobe dysfunctions described in the disorder. Our finding of the inverse relationship between NGA and impulsivity suggests that clinically more severe impulsivity is linked to a more pronounced frontal dysfunction in adult ADHD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Papp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa Utca 6., Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
| | - László Tombor
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa Utca 6., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Kakuszi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa Utca 6., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa Utca 6., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - István Bitter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa Utca 6., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Pál Czobor
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa Utca 6., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
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Guo J, Luo X, Kong Y, Li B, Si B, Jensen O, Sun L, Song Y. The effects of first-dose methylphenidate on the neural signatures of visual selective attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychol 2023; 177:108481. [PMID: 36572273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although methylphenidate (MPH) has been shown to significantly improve selective attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the neural mechanism of this effect remains unclear. We investigated the effects of first-dose MPH on the neural signatures of visual selective attention in children with ADHD. We measured the impact of first-dose MPH on electrophysiological indexes from eighteen children with ADHD (8.9-15.2 years; 15 boys) while they performed a visual search task. MPH was administered in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design. MPH led to decreases in behavioral error rates and reaction times. For the electrophysiological indexes, MPH significantly increased the target-elicited N2pc amplitude and posterior P3 amplitude during the selective attention process. The trial-based correlation analysis revealed that the enhanced N2pc (more negative) and P3 (more positive) promoted the behavioral response speed for children with ADHD. The lower individual P3 amplitude was associated with higher severity of inattention symptoms. The severer inattention symptoms were related to weaker MPH effect on N2pc amplitude. These findings suggest that N2pc and P3 are closely related to the mechanism of MPH in the ADHD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangsheng Luo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingkun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bailu Si
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ole Jensen
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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6
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White matter abnormalities associated with ADHD outcomes in adulthood. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6655-6665. [PMID: 34035475 PMCID: PMC8613296 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear if previously reported structural abnormalities in children with ADHD are present in adulthood regardless of clinical outcome. In this study, we examined the extent to which focal-rather than diffuse-abnormalities in fiber collinearity of 18 major white matter tracts could distinguish 126 adults with rigorously diagnosed childhood ADHD (ADHD; mean age [SD] = 34.3 [3.6] years; F/M = 12/114) from 58 adults without ADHD histories (non-ADHD; mean age [SD] = 33.9 [4.1] years; F/M = 5/53) and if any of these abnormalities were greater for those with persisting ADHD symptomatology. To this end, a tract profile approach was used. After accounting for age, sex, handedness, and comorbidities, a MANCOVA revealed a main effect of group (ADHD < non-ADHD; F[18,155] = 2.1; p = 0.007) on fractional anisotropy (FA, a measure of fiber collinearity and/or integrity), in focal portions of white matter tracts involved in visuospatial processing and memory (i.e., anterior portion of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and middle portion of the left and right cingulum angular bundle). Only abnormalities in the anterior portion of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus distinguished probands with persisting versus desisting ADHD symptomatology, suggesting that abnormalities in the cingulum angular bundle might reflect "scarring" effects of childhood ADHD. To our knowledge, this is the first study using a tract profile approach to identify focal or widespread structural abnormalities in adults with ADHD rigorously diagnosed in childhood.
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Ahmadi M, Kazemi K, Kuc K, Cybulska-Klosowicz A, Helfroush MS, Aarabi A. Resting state dynamic functional connectivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34289458 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac16b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. In this study, we investigated group differences in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) between 113 children with inattentive (46 ADHDI) and combined (67 ADHDC) ADHD and 76 typically developing (TD) children using resting-state functional MRI data. For dynamic connectivity analysis, the data were first decomposed into 100 independent components, among which 88 were classified into eight well-known resting-state networks (RSNs). Three discrete FC states were then identified using k-means clustering and used to estimate transition probabilities between states in both patient and control groups using a hidden Markov model. Our results showed state-dependent alterations in intra and inter-network connectivity in both ADHD subtypes in comparison with TD. Spending less time than healthy controls in state 1, both ADHDIand ADHDCwere characterized with weaker intra-hemispheric connectivity with functional asymmetries. In this state, ADHDIfurther showed weaker inter-hemispheric connectivity. The patients spent more time in state 2, exhibiting characteristic abnormalities in corticosubcortical and corticocerebellar connectivity. In state 3, a less frequently state observed across the ADHD and TD children, ADHDCwas differentiated from ADHDIby significant alterations in FC between bilateral temporal regions and other brain areas in comparison with TD. Across all three states, several strategic brain regions, mostly bilateral, exhibited significant alterations in both static functional connectivity (sFC) and dFC in the ADHD groups compared to TD, including inferior, middle and superior temporal gyri, middle frontal gyri, insula, anterior cingulum cortex, precuneus, calcarine, fusiform, superior motor area, and cerebellum. Our results show distributed abnormalities in sFC and dFC between different large-scale RSNs including cortical and subcortical regions in both ADHD subtypes compared to TD. Our findings show that the dynamic changes in brain FC can better explain the underlying pathophysiology of ADHD such as deficits in visual cognition, attention, memory and emotion processing, and cognitive and motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Kazemi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Katarzyna Kuc
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Cybulska-Klosowicz
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ardalan Aarabi
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience and Pathologies (LNFP EA4559), University Research Center (CURS), University Hospital, Amiens, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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8
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Sun Y, Lan Z, Xue SW, Zhao L, Xiao Y, Kuai C, Lin Q, Bao K. Brain state-dependent dynamic functional connectivity patterns in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:569-575. [PMID: 33991995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients have presented aberrant static brain networks, however identifying ADHD patients based on dynamic information in brain networks is not fully clear. Data were obtained from 32 boys with ADHD and 52 sex- and age-matched typically developing controls; a sliding-window method was used to assess dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), and two reoccurring dFC states (the hot and cool states) were then identified using a k-means clustering method. The results showed that ADHD patients had significant changes in occurrence, transitions times and dFC strength of the cingulo-opercular network (CON) and sensorimotor network (SMN) in the cool state. The severity of ADHD symptoms showed significant correlations with the regional amplitude of dFC fluctuations in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior medial prefrontal cortex (amPFC) and precuneus. These findings could provide insights on the state-dependent dynamic changes in large-scale brain connectivity and network configurations in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Sun
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhihui Lan
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Shao-Wei Xue
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Changxiao Kuai
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Lin
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Kangchen Bao
- College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
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Bu X, Liang K, Lin Q, Gao Y, Qian A, Chen H, Chen W, Wang M, Yang C, Huang X. Exploring white matter functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa113. [PMID: 33215081 PMCID: PMC7660033 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been identified to involve the impairment of large-scale functional networks within grey matter, and recent studies have suggested that white matter, which also encodes neural activity, can manifest intrinsic functional organization similar to that of grey matter. However, the alterations in white matter functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder remain unknown. We recruited a total of 99 children, including 66 drug-naive patients and 33 typically developing controls aged from 6 to 14, to characterize the alterations in functional networks within white matter in drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Using clustering analysis, resting-state functional MRI data in the white matter were parsed into different networks. Intrinsic activity within each network and connectivity between networks and the associations between network activity strength and clinical symptoms were assessed. We identified eight distinct white matter functional networks: the default mode network, the somatomotor network, the dorsal attention network, the ventral attention network, the visual network, the deep frontoparietal network, the deep frontal network and the inferior corticospinal-posterior cerebellum network. The default mode, somatomotor, dorsal attention and ventral attention networks showed lower spontaneous neural activity in patients. In particular, the default mode network and the somatomotor network largely showed higher connectivity with other networks, which correlated with more severe hyperactive behaviour, while the dorsal and ventral attention networks mainly had lower connectivity with other networks, which correlated with poor attention performance. In conclusion, there are two distinct patterns of white matter functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, with one being the hyperactivity-related hot networks including default mode network and somatomotor network and the other being inattention-related cold networks including dorsal attention and ventral attention network. These results extended upon our understanding of brain functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the perspective of white matter dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Bu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kaili Liang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qingxia Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Yingxue Gao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Andan Qian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Wanying Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Meihao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Papp S, Tombor L, Kakuszi B, Balogh L, Réthelyi JM, Bitter I, Czobor P. Impaired early information processing in adult ADHD: a high-density ERP study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:292. [PMID: 32522183 PMCID: PMC7288676 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often demonstrate sensory processing difficulties in the form of altered sensory modulation, which may contribute to their symptomatology. Our objective was to investigate the neurophysiological correlates of sensory processing deficits and the electrophysiological characteristics of early information processing in adult ADHD, measured by the P1 event-related potential (ERP). METHODS We obtained ERPs during a Go/NoGo task from 26 adult patients with ADHD and 25 matched controls using a high-density 128-channel BioSemi ActiveTwo recording system. RESULTS ADHD patients had a significantly reduced P1 component at occipital and inferotemporal scalp areas compared to controls. The reduction was associated with inattention and hyperactivity symptom severity, as measured by the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale. ADHD patients with higher inattention scores had significantly smaller P1 amplitudes at posterior scalp sites, while higher hyperactivity scores were associated with higher P1 amplitudes. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in early sensory processing, as measured by the P1 ERP component, are present in adult ADHD patients and are associated with symptom severity. These findings are suggestive of bottom-up cognitive deficits in ADHD driven by impairments in early visual processing, and provide evidence that sensory processing problems are present at the neurophysiological level in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Papp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, HU1083, Balassa utca 6., Budapest, Hungary.
| | - László Tombor
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, HU1083, Balassa utca 6., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Kakuszi
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, HU1083, Balassa utca 6., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lívia Balogh
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, HU1083, Balassa utca 6., Budapest, Hungary
| | - János M. Réthelyi
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, HU1083, Balassa utca 6., Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Bitter
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, HU1083, Balassa utca 6., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Czobor
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, HU1083, Balassa utca 6., Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Breitling C, Zaehle T, Dannhauer M, Tegelbeckers J, Flechtner HH, Krauel K. Comparison between conventional and HD-tDCS of the right inferior frontal gyrus in children and adolescents with ADHD. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1146-1154. [PMID: 32029377 PMCID: PMC7250280 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.12.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the effects of HD-tDCS and conventional tDCS of the right IFG are superior to the effects of sham stimulation for the improvement of working memory performance in ADHD. METHODS 15 ADHD patients between 10 and 16 years underwent three tDCS sessions in which conventional, HD and sham tDCS of the right IFG were applied. In all sessions a 2-back working memory task was solved and EEG was recorded. Baseline data were assessed from 15 age matched healthy controls. RESULTS In ADHD patients, increased positive values of P300 and N200 mean amplitudes were found after conventional and HD-tDCS. Thus, both components were more in resemblance to ERPs in healthy controls. Behavioral performance was not generally influenced by tDCS but effects of HD-tDCS depended on individual hyperactive/impulsive symptom load. The rate of responders for HD-tDCS was equivalent to the responder rate for conventional tDCS. CONCLUSIONS ERP data indicate that HD-tDCS is equally suitable as conventional tDCS for the recruitment of the right IFG in the context of working memory processing. SIGNIFICANCE HD-tDCS of the right IFG is a promising approach for neuromodulation in ADHD but further research is necessary to develop adaptations that produce reliable behavioral benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Breitling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Moritz Dannhauer
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, Center for Integrated Biomedical Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Jana Tegelbeckers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Hans-Henning Flechtner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Krauel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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12
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Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10010038. [PMID: 31936483 PMCID: PMC7017173 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Working memory (WM) deficits and impaired decision making are among the characteristic symptoms of patients affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The inattention associated with the disorder is likely to be due to functional deficits of the neural networks inhibiting irrelevant sensory input. In the presence of unnecessary information, a good decisional process is impaired and ADHD patients tend to take risky decisions. This study is aimed to test the hypothesis that the level of difficulty of a WM training (WMT) is affecting the top-down modulation of the attentional processes in a probabilistic gambling task. Methods: Event-related potentials (ERP) triggered by the choice of the amount wagered in the gambling task were recorded, before and after WMT with a the dual n-back task, in young ADHD adults and matched controls. For each group of participants, randomly assigned individuals were requested to perform WMT with a fixed baseline level of difficulty. The remaining participants were trained with a performance-dependent adaptive n-level of difficulty. Results: We compared the ERP recordings before and after 20 days of WMT in each subgroup. The analysis was focused on the time windows with at least three recording sites showing differences before and after training, after Bonferroni correction ( p < 0.05 ). In ADHD, the P1 wave component was selectively affected at frontal sites and its shape was recovered close to controls' only after adaptive training. In controls, the strongest contrast was observed at parietal level with a left hemispheric dominance at latencies near 900 ms, more after baseline than after adaptive training. Conclusion: Partial restoration of early selective attentional processes in ADHD patients might occur after WMT with a high cognitive load. Modified frontal sites' activities might constitute a neural marker of this effect in a gambling task. In controls, conversely, an increase in late parietal negativity might rather be a marker of an increase in transfer effects to fluid intelligence.
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13
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Smith S, Crowley M, Ferrey A, Ramsey K, Wexler B, Leckman J, Sukhodolsky D. Effects of Integrated Brain, Body, and Social (IBBS) intervention on ERP measures of attentional control in children with ADHD. Psychiatry Res 2019; 278:248-257. [PMID: 31233935 PMCID: PMC6637759 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A primary goal of this study was to examine the impact of an Integrated Brain, Body, and Social (IBBS) intervention (multi-faceted treatment consisting of computerized cognitive training, physical exercise, and behavior management) on ERPs of attentional control (P3 & N2) in children with ADHD. The secondary goal was to test the differences between children with and without ADHD on ERP and Go/No-Go behavioral measures. A total of twenty-nine participants (M age = 7.14 years; 52% male; 41.4% white) recruited from the IBBS efficacy study comparing IBBS to Treatment-As-Usual (TAU) completed a Go/No-Go task before and after treatment as brain activity was recorded using EEG. Thirty-four matched healthy controls (HC) completed the same EEG procedures at a single time point. Following treatment, the Go P3 latency was significantly earlier for the IBBS group relative to the TAU group. No treatment effects were found on any behavioral measures. Prior to treatment, there was a significant difference between the ADHD group and HC group for the N2 difference wave. Children with ADHD also showed slower reaction times on behavioral measures. Although this pilot study did not reveal robust treatment effects, it suggests that IBBS may prevent the worsening of attentional systems in the brain and larger studies are needed for replication purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA,Corresponding Author: The University
of Southern Mississippi, Department of Psychology, 118 College Drive, #5025,
Hattiesburg, MS, 39406. . Telephone:
601-266-6256. Fax: 601-266-5580
| | - Michael Crowley
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
| | - Anne Ferrey
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences,
University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Kathleen Ramsey
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Bruce Wexler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
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14
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Hasler R, Preti MG, Meskaldji DE, Prados J, Adouan W, Rodriguez C, Toma S, Hiller N, Ismaili T, Hofmeister J, Sinanaj I, Baud P, Haller S, Giannakopoulos P, Schwartz S, Perroud N, Van De Ville D. Inter-hemispherical asymmetry in default-mode functional connectivity and BAIAP2 gene are associated with anger expression in ADHD adults. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 269:54-61. [PMID: 28938222 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is accompanied by resting-state alterations, including abnormal activity, connectivity and asymmetry of the default-mode network (DMN). Concurrently, recent studies suggested a link between ADHD and the presence of polymorphisms within the gene BAIAP2 (i.e., brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2), known to be differentially expressed in brain hemispheres. The clinical and neuroimaging correlates of this polymorphism are still unknown. We investigated the association between BAIAP2 polymorphisms and DMN functional connectivity (FC) asymmetry as well as behavioral measures in ADHD adults. Resting-state fMRI was acquired from 30 ADHD and 15 healthy adults. For each subject, rs7210438 and rs8079626 within the gene BAIAP2 were genotyped. ADHD severity, impulsiveness and anger were assessed for the ADHD group. Using multivariate analysis of variance, we found that genetic features do have an impact on DMN FC asymmetry. In particular, polymorphism rs8079626 affects medial frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule connectivity asymmetry, lower for AA than AG/GG carriers. Further, when combining FC asymmetry and the presence of the rs8079626 variant, we successfully predicted increased externalization of anger in ADHD. In conclusion, a complex interplay between genetic vulnerability and inter-hemispherical DMN FC asymmetry plays a role in emotion regulation in adult ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hasler
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M G Preti
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - D E Meskaldji
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Mathematics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Prados
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W Adouan
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Rodriguez
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Toma
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Hiller
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Ismaili
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Hofmeister
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Sinanaj
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Studies, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Baud
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Haller
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Giannakopoulos
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Perroud
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Van De Ville
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Anokhin AP, Golosheykin S, Grant JD, Heath AC. Heritability of brain activity related to response inhibition: A longitudinal genetic study in adolescent twins. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 115:112-124. [PMID: 28300615 PMCID: PMC5454802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to inhibit prepotent but context- or goal-inappropriate responses is essential for adaptive self-regulation of behavior. Deficits in response inhibition, a key component of impulsivity, have been implicated as a core dysfunction in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders such as ADHD and addictions. Identification of genetically transmitted variation in the neural underpinnings of response inhibition can help to elucidate etiological pathways to these disorders and establish the links between genes, brain, and behavior. However, little is known about genetic influences on the neural mechanisms of response inhibition during adolescence, a developmental period characterized by weak self-regulation of behavior. Here we investigated heritability of ERPs elicited in a Go/No-Go task in a large sample of adolescent twins assessed longitudinally at ages 12, 14, and 16. Genetic analyses showed significant heritability of inhibition-related frontal N2 and P3 components at all three ages, with 50 to 60% of inter-individual variability being attributable to genetic factors. These genetic influences included both common genetic factors active at different ages and novel genetic influences emerging during development. Finally, individual differences in the rate of developmental changes from age 12 to age 16 were significantly influenced by genetic factors. In conclusion, the present study provides the first evidence for genetic influences on neural correlates of response inhibition during adolescence and suggests that ERPs elicited in the Go/No-Go task can serve as intermediate neurophysiological phenotypes (endophenotypes) for the study of disinhibition and impulse control disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia D Grant
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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16
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Impaired engagement of the ventral attention system in neurofibromatosis type 1. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:499-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Liu ZX, Lishak V, Tannock R, Woltering S. Effects of working memory training on neural correlates of Go/Nogo response control in adults with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychologia 2017; 95:54-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wilson TW, Heinrichs-Graham E, Proskovec AL, McDermott TJ. Neuroimaging with magnetoencephalography: A dynamic view of brain pathophysiology. Transl Res 2016; 175:17-36. [PMID: 26874219 PMCID: PMC4959997 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive, silent, and totally passive neurophysiological imaging method with excellent temporal resolution (∼1 ms) and good spatial precision (∼3-5 mm). In a typical experiment, MEG data are acquired as healthy controls or patients with neurologic or psychiatric disorders perform a specific cognitive task, or receive sensory stimulation. The resulting data are generally analyzed using standard electrophysiological methods, coupled with advanced image reconstruction algorithms. To date, the total number of MEG instruments and associated users is significantly smaller than comparable human neuroimaging techniques, although this is likely to change in the near future with advances in the technology. Despite this small base, MEG research has made a significant impact on several areas of translational neuroscience, largely through its unique capacity to quantify the oscillatory dynamics of activated brain circuits in humans. This review focuses on the clinical areas where MEG imaging has arguably had the greatest impact in regard to the identification of aberrant neural dynamics at the regional and network level, monitoring of disease progression, determining how efficacious pharmacologic and behavioral interventions modulate neural systems, and the development of neural markers of disease. Specifically, this review covers recent advances in understanding the abnormal neural oscillatory dynamics that underlie Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorders, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders, cerebral palsy, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, cognitive aging, and post-traumatic stress disorder. MEG imaging has had a major impact on how clinical neuroscientists understand the brain basis of these disorders, and its translational influence is rapidly expanding with new discoveries and applications emerging continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony W Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Neb; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Neb; Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, Neb.
| | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Neb; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Neb
| | - Amy L Proskovec
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Neb; Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska - Omaha, Neb
| | - Timothy J McDermott
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Neb; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Neb
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ERP Correlates of Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Control in Treatment-Naïve Adult ADHD. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159833. [PMID: 27448275 PMCID: PMC4957760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether treatment naïve adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; n = 33; 19 female) differed from healthy controls (n = 31; 17 female) in behavioral performance, event-related potential (ERP) indices of preparatory attention (CueP3 and late CNV), and reactive response control (Go P3, NoGo N2, and NoGo P3) derived from a visual cued Go/NoGo task. On several critical measures, Cue P3, late CNV, and NoGo N2, there were no significant differences between the groups. This indicated normal preparatory processes and conflict monitoring in ADHD patients. However, the patients had attenuated Go P3 and NoGoP3 amplitudes relative to controls, suggesting reduced allocation of attentional resources to processes involved in response control. The patients also had a higher rate of Go signal omission errors, but no other performance decrements compared with controls. Reduced Go P3 and NoGo P3 amplitudes were associated with poorer task performance, particularly in the ADHD group. Notably, the ERPs were not associated with self-reported mood or anxiety. The results provide electrophysiological evidence for reduced effortful engagement of attentional resources to both Go and NoGo signals when reactive response control is needed. The absence of group differences in ERP components indexing proactive control points to impairments in specific aspects of cognitive processes in an untreated adult ADHD cohort. The associations between ERPs and task performance provided additional support for the altered electrophysiological responses.
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Altered intrinsic organisation of brain networks implicated in attentional processes in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state study of attention, default mode and salience network connectivity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:349-57. [PMID: 26260900 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in task-related attentional engagement in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been hypothesised to be due to altered interrelationships between attention, default mode and salience networks. We examined the intrinsic connectivity during rest within and between these networks. Six-minute resting-state scans were obtained. Using a network-based approach, connectivity within and between the dorsal and ventral attention, the default mode and the salience networks was compared between the ADHD and control group. The ADHD group displayed hyperconnectivity between the two attention networks and within the default mode and ventral attention network. The salience network was hypoconnected to the dorsal attention network. There were trends towards hyperconnectivity within the dorsal attention network and between the salience and ventral attention network in ADHD. Connectivity within and between other networks was unrelated to ADHD. Our findings highlight the altered connectivity within and between attention networks, and between them and the salience network in ADHD. One hypothesis to be tested in future studies is that individuals with ADHD are affected by an imbalance between ventral and dorsal attention systems with the former playing a dominant role during task engagement, making individuals with ADHD highly susceptible to distraction by salient task-irrelevant stimuli.
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Hasler R, Perroud N, Meziane HB, Herrmann F, Prada P, Giannakopoulos P, Deiber MP. Attention-related EEG markers in adult ADHD. Neuropsychologia 2016; 87:120-133. [PMID: 27178310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ADHD status affects both bottom-up sensory processing and top-down attentional selection, impairing professional and social functioning. The objective of the study was to investigate the functional mechanisms of attention deficits in adult ADHD by examining the electrophysiological activities associated with bottom-up attentional cueing (temporal and spatial orienting of attention) and top-down control (conflict resolution). Continuous EEG was recorded in 21 adult ADHD patients (40.05±9.5 years) and 20 healthy adults (25.5±4 years) during performance of the Attention Network Test (ANT). We examined the cue and target-related P1, N1 and P3 components as well as the contingent negative variation (CNV) developing between cue and target. Oscillatory responses were analyzed in the alpha (8-13Hz) and beta (14-19Hz) frequency bands. ADHD patients performed similarly to controls but showed reduced P3 amplitude, larger early CNV decrementing over time, reduced preparatory activation in both alpha and beta bands, as well as flattened target-related posterior alpha and beta responses. As compared to controls, the inverted CNV pattern suggested peculiar preparatory processing in ADHD patients. The singular pattern of target-related beta response indicated increased inhibitory processes in the case of easier task resolution and more generally, the lack of association between conflict resolution speed and beta activity supported alternative executive processing in ADHD patients. Overall, the reduced activation of the functional networks devoted to bottom-up and top-down attention suggests that adult ADHD patients engage reduced cortical resources in this composite task, compatible with the cortical hypoarousal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hasler
- Biomarkers of Vulnerability Unit, Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Belle Idée, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air 2, 1225 Chêne-Bourg, Switzerland; Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 20bis rue de Lausanne, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nader Perroud
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 20bis rue de Lausanne, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hadj Boumediene Meziane
- Biomarkers of Vulnerability Unit, Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Belle Idée, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air 2, 1225 Chêne-Bourg, Switzerland
| | - François Herrmann
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Chemin du Pont Bochet 3, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland
| | - Paco Prada
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 20bis rue de Lausanne, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Panteleimon Giannakopoulos
- Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Belle Idée, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air 2, 1225 Chêne-Bourg, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Pierre Deiber
- Biomarkers of Vulnerability Unit, Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Belle Idée, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air 2, 1225 Chêne-Bourg, Switzerland; INSERM U1039, Faculty of Medicine, Bâtiment Jean Roger, 38700 La Tronche, France.
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Schmüser L, Sebastian A, Mobascher A, Lieb K, Feige B, Tüscher O. Data-driven analysis of simultaneous EEG/fMRI reveals neurophysiological phenotypes of impulse control. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:3114-36. [PMID: 27133468 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is the ability to suppress inadequate but prepotent or ongoing response tendencies. A fronto-striatal network is involved in these processes. Between-subject differences in the intra-individual variability have been suggested to constitute a key to pathological processes underlying impulse control disorders. Single-trial EEG/fMRI analysis allows to increase sensitivity for inter-individual differences by incorporating intra-individual variability. Thirty-eight healthy subjects performed a visual Go/Nogo task during simultaneous EEG/fMRI. Of 38 healthy subjects, 21 subjects reliably showed Nogo-related ICs (Nogo-IC-positive) while 17 subjects (Nogo-IC-negative) did not. Comparing both groups revealed differences on various levels: On trait level, Nogo-IC-negative subjects scored higher on questionnaires regarding attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; on a behavioral level, they displayed slower response times (RT) and higher intra-individual RT variability while both groups did not differ in their inhibitory performance. On the neurophysiological level, Nogo-IC-negative subjects showed a hyperactivation of left inferior frontal cortex/insula and left putamen as well as significantly reduced P3 amplitudes. Thus, a data-driven approach for IC classification and the resulting presence or absence of early Nogo-specific ICs as criterion for group selection revealed group differences at behavioral and neurophysiological levels. This may indicate electrophysiological phenotypes characterized by inter-individual variations of neural and behavioral correlates of impulse control. We demonstrated that the inter-individual difference in an electrophysiological correlate of response inhibition is correlated with distinct, potentially compensatory neural activity. This may suggest the existence of electrophysiologically dissociable phenotypes of behavioral and neural motor response inhibition with the Nogo-IC-positive phenotype possibly providing protection against impulsivity-related dysfunction. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3114-3136, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schmüser
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Sebastian
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arian Mobascher
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Elisabeth Krankenhaus Lahnstein, Lahnstein, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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A meta-analysis of mismatch negativity in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders. Neurosci Lett 2015; 612:132-137. [PMID: 26628248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an optimal neurophysiological signal to assess the integrity of auditory sensory memory and involuntary attention switch. The generation of MMN is independent of overt behavioral requirements, concentration or motivation, and thus serves as a suitable tool to study the perceptual function in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). It remains unclear whether ADHD children showed altered MMN responses. Therefore we performed a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed MMN studies that had targeted both typically developed and ADHD children to examine the pooled effect size. The published articles between 1990 and 2014 were searched in PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, and CINAHL. The mean effect size and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. Six studies, consisting of 10 individual investigations, were included in the final analysis. A significant effect size of 0.28 was found (p=0.028, 95% CI at 0.03-0.53). These results were also free from publication bias or heterogeneity. In conclusion, our meta-analysis results suggest ADHD children demonstrated a reduced MMN amplitude compared to healthy controls.
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Mowinckel AM, Pedersen ML, Eilertsen E, Biele G. A meta-analysis of decision-making and attention in adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord 2015; 19:355-67. [PMID: 25477020 DOI: 10.1177/1087054714558872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficient reward processing has gained attention as an important aspect of ADHD, but little is known about reward-based decision-making (DM) in adults with ADHD. This article summarizes research on DM in adult ADHD and contextualizes DM deficits by comparing them to attention deficits. METHOD Meta-analytic methods were used to calculate average effect sizes for different DM domains and continuous performance task (CPT) measures. RESULTS None of the 59 included studies (DM: 12 studies; CPT: 43; both: 4) had indications of publication bias. DM and CPT measures showed robust, small to medium effects. Large effect sizes were found for a drift diffusion model analysis of the CPT. CONCLUSION The results support the existence of DM deficits in adults with ADHD, which are of similar magnitude as attention deficits. These findings warrant further examination of DM in adults with ADHD to improve the understanding of underlying neurocognitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guido Biele
- University of Oslo, Norway Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Xiao F, Li L, An D, Lei D, Tang Y, Yang T, Ren J, Chen S, Huang X, Gong Q, Zhou D. Altered attention networks in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS): A resting-state fMRI study. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 45:234-41. [PMID: 25825370 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It is noteworthy that some children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) show attention problems despite their favorable seizure outcome. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a method widely used to detect brain network alterations in neuropsychiatric diseases. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate specific brain networks related to attention deficit in children with BECTS. Resting-state fMRI was performed in patients with BECTS with ADHD (n=15) and those with BECTS without ADHD (n=15) and in healthy controls (n=15). Unbiased seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity analysis was used to study the connectivity pattern of three resting-state networks, including the ventral attention network (VAN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the default mode network (DMN). Patients with BECTS with ADHD displayed decreased functional connectivity in the DAN compared with other two groups, while patients with BECTS without ADHD showed increased functional connectivity in the DAN. Moreover, we found increased functional connectivity in the VAN and in the DMN in patients with BECTS with or without ADHD when comparing with controls. These results showed that the newly-diagnosed children with BECTS displayed brain activity alterations in the ventral and dorsal attention networks. The difference in the extent of impairment in the dorsal attention network of patients with BECTS with ADHD and patients with BECTS without ADHD may lead to improved understanding of the underlying neuropathophysiology and treatment of BECTS with ADHD and BECTS without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglai Xiao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei An
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Du Lei
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiechuan Ren
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Kim S, Al-Haj M, Fuller S, Chen S, Jain U, Carrasco M, Tannock R. Color vision in ADHD: part 2--does attention influence color perception? Behav Brain Funct 2014; 10:39. [PMID: 25344205 PMCID: PMC4282194 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the impact of exogenous covert attention on chromatic (blue and red) and achromatic visual perception in adults with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Exogenous covert attention, which is a transient, automatic, stimulus-driven form of attention, is a key mechanism for selecting relevant information in visual arrays. Methods 30 adults diagnosed with ADHD and 30 healthy adults, matched on age and gender, performed a psychophysical task designed to measure the effects of exogenous covert attention on perceived color saturation (blue, red) and contrast sensitivity. Results The effects of exogenous covert attention on perceived blue and red saturation levels and contrast sensitivity were similar in both groups, with no differences between males and females. Specifically, exogenous covert attention enhanced the perception of blue saturation and contrast sensitivity, but it had no effect on the perception of red saturation. Conclusion The findings suggest that exogenous covert attention is intact in adults with ADHD and does not account for the observed impairments in the perception of chromatic (blue and red) saturation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1744-9081-10-39) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosemary Tannock
- Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, OISE, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto M5S 1V6, Ontario, Canada.
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Nakata H, Sakamoto K, Honda Y, Kakigi R. Somato-motor inhibitory processing in humans: evidence from neurophysiology and neuroimaging. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:233-52. [PMID: 24859317 PMCID: PMC10717630 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Motor execution processing has been examined using an index of behavioral performance such as reaction times, kinetics, and kinematics. However, difficulties have been associated with the study of motor inhibitory processing because of the absence of actual behavioral performance. Therefore, non-invasive neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods including electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and functional magnetic resonance imaging have been used to investigate neural processes in the central nervous system. We mainly reviewed research on somato-motor inhibitory processing based on data obtained by using these techniques, which can examine 'when', 'where, and 'how' motor inhibition occurs in the brain. Although to date a number of studies have used these techniques separately, few studies have utilized them in a comprehensive manner. In this review, we provide evidence that combining neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods should contribute to our understanding of how executive and inhibitory functions are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nakata
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kitauoya-Nishi Machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan,
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28
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Hale TS. A distributed effects perspective of dimensionally defined psychiatric disorders: and convergent versus core deficit effects in ADHD. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:62. [PMID: 24926271 PMCID: PMC4046176 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of psychiatric and psychological research has arguably shifted from brain damage and psychosis to more common forms of psychopathology that reflect extremes variants of otherwise normal cognitive and behavioral characteristics. Now, in addition to trying to understand overtly damaged brain-function (flat tire effects), we are also seeking to understand liabilities associated with non-optimized, but otherwise intact, cognitive and behavioral abilities (poor tuning effects). This shift has pushed us to evolve our investigational strategies to more broadly consider whole-brain integrated brain systems, as well as seek to develop more specific quantifiable indicators of impoverished brain function and behavior. This paper discusses such challenges in relation to dimensionally defined psychiatric disorders and presents a novel whole-brain integrated perspective of ADHD brain function pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sigi Hale
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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29
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Kim S, Liu Z, Glizer D, Tannock R, Woltering S. Adult ADHD and working memory: neural evidence of impaired encoding. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 125:1596-603. [PMID: 24411642 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate neural and behavioural correlates of visual encoding during a working memory (WM) task in young adults with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). METHODS A sample of 30 college students currently meeting a diagnosis of ADHD and 25 typically developing students, matched on age and gender, performed a delayed match-to-sample task with low and high memory load conditions. Dense-array electroencephalography was recorded. Specifically, the P3, an event related potential (ERP) associated with WM, was examined because of its relation with attentional allocation during WM. Task performance (accuracy, reaction time) as well as performance on other neuropsychological tasks of WM was analyzed. RESULTS Neural differences were found between the groups. Specifically, the P3 amplitude was smaller in the ADHD group compared to the comparison group for both load conditions at parietal-occipital sites. Lower scores on behavioural working memory tasks were suggestive of impaired behavioural WM performance in the ADHD group. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provide the first evidence of neural differences in the encoding stage of WM in young adults with ADHD, suggesting ineffective allocation of attentional resources involved in encoding of information in WM. SIGNIFICANCE These findings, reflecting alternate neural functioning of WM, may explain some of the difficulties related to WM functioning that college students with ADHD report in their every day cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kim
- Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, OISE, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ont. M5S 1V6, Canada.
| | - Zhongxu Liu
- Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, OISE, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ont. M5S 1V6, Canada.
| | - Daniel Glizer
- Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, OISE, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ont. M5S 1V6, Canada.
| | - Rosemary Tannock
- Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, OISE, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ont. M5S 1V6, Canada.
| | - Steven Woltering
- Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, OISE, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ont. M5S 1V6, Canada.
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30
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Cortese S, Imperati D, Zhou J, Proal E, Klein RG, Mannuzza S, Ramos-Olazagasti MA, Milham MP, Kelly C, Castellanos FX. White matter alterations at 33-year follow-up in adults with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 74:591-8. [PMID: 23566821 PMCID: PMC3720804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly conceived as reflecting altered functional and structural brain connectivity. The latter can be addressed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We examined fractional anisotropy (FA), a DTI index related to white matter structural properties, in adult male subjects diagnosed with ADHD in childhood (probands) and matched control subjects without childhood ADHD. Additionally, we contrasted FA among probands with and without current ADHD in adulthood and control subjects. METHODS Participants were from an original cohort of 207 boys and 178 male control subjects. At 33-year follow-up, analyzable DTI scans were obtained in 51 probands (41.3 ± 2.8 yrs) and 66 control subjects (41.2 ± 3.1 yrs). Voxel-based FA was computed with tract-based spatial statistics, controlling for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Probands with childhood ADHD exhibited significantly lower FA than control subjects without childhood ADHD in the right superior and posterior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, and in a left cluster including the posterior thalamic radiation, the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule, and the sagittal stratum (p<.05, corrected). Fractional anisotropy was significantly decreased relative to control subjects in several tracts in both probands with current and remitted ADHD, who did not differ significantly from each other. Fractional anisotropy was not significantly increased in probands in any region. CONCLUSIONS Decreased FA in adults with childhood ADHD regardless of current ADHD might be an enduring trait of ADHD. White matter tracts with decreased FA connect regions involved in high-level as well as sensorimotor functions, suggesting that both types of processes are involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Cortese
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, G. B. Rossi Hospital, Department of Life Science and Reproduction, Verona University, Verona, Italy; UMR_S INSERM U 930, CNRS ERL 3106, François-Rabelais University, Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, Tours, France.
| | - Davide Imperati
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Zhou
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, & the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Neuroscience Research Partnership, Singapore
| | - Erika Proal
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Neuroingenia Clinical and Research Center, México, D.F., México
| | - Rachel G. Klein
- Anita Saltz Institute for Anxiety and Mood Disorders, Child Study Center, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salvatore Mannuzza
- Anita Saltz Institute for Anxiety and Mood Disorders, Child Study Center, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria A. Ramos-Olazagasti
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael P. Milham
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA,Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clare Kelly
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - F. Xavier Castellanos
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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Braeutigam S. Magnetoencephalography: fundamentals and established and emerging clinical applications in radiology. ISRN RADIOLOGY 2013; 2013:529463. [PMID: 24967282 PMCID: PMC4045536 DOI: 10.5402/2013/529463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography is a noninvasive, fast, and patient friendly technique for recording brain activity. It is increasingly available and is regarded as one of the most modern imaging tools available to radiologists. The dominant clinical use of this technology currently centers on two, partly overlapping areas, namely, localizing the regions from which epileptic seizures originate, and identifying regions of normal brain function in patients preparing to undergo brain surgery. As a consequence, many radiologists may not yet be familiar with this technique. This review provides an introduction to magnetoencephalography, discusses relevant analytical techniques, and presents recent developments in established and emerging clinical applications such as pervasive developmental disorders. Although the role of magnetoencephalography in diagnosis, prognosis, and patient treatment is still limited, it is argued that this technology is exquisitely capable of contributing indispensable information about brain dynamics not easily obtained with other modalities. This, it is believed, will make this technology an important clinical tool for a wide range of disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Braeutigam
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
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32
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Woltering S, Liu Z, Rokeach A, Tannock R. Neurophysiological differences in inhibitory control between adults with ADHD and their peers. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:1888-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sroubek A, Kelly M, Li X. Inattentiveness in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Bull 2013; 29:103-10. [PMID: 23299717 PMCID: PMC4440572 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-012-1295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a long-term impact on functioning, productivity and quality of life of patients. This impact is largely due to the symptoms of inattentiveness. However, despite its impairing role in the lives of ADHD patients, inattentiveness has been studied relatively less frequently than have symptoms of impulsivity/hyperactivity and problems with executive function. This review therefore seeks to integrate the neuropsychological theories and current findings in the research fields of neuropsychology, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging, in an attempt to gain a more complete understanding of the role that inattentiveness plays in ADHD, as well as to suggest directions for future studies. The need for a more comprehensive understanding of inattentiveness and ADHD, which integrates findings from each of the three disciplines mentioned above, is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Sroubek
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology at Yeshiva University, Yeshiva, USA
| | - Mary Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Radiology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY USA
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Cortese S, Kelly C, Chabernaud C, Proal E, Di Martino A, Milham MP, Castellanos FX. Toward systems neuroscience of ADHD: a meta-analysis of 55 fMRI studies. Am J Psychiatry 2012; 169:1038-55. [PMID: 22983386 PMCID: PMC3879048 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11101521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of task-based functional MRI studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD The authors searched PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, Web of Science, ERIC, CINAHAL, and NeuroSynth for studies published through June 30, 2011. Significant differences in brain region activation between individuals with ADHD and comparison subjects were detected using activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Dysfunctional regions in ADHD were related to seven reference neuronal systems. The authors performed a set of meta-analyses focused on age groups (children and adults), clinical characteristics (history of stimulant treatment and presence of psychiatric comorbidities), and specific neuropsychological tasks (inhibition, working memory, and vigilance/attention). RESULTS Fifty-five studies were included (39 for children and 16 for adults). In children, hypoactivation in ADHD relative to comparison subjects was observed mostly in systems involved in executive function (frontoparietal network) and attention (ventral attentional network). Significant hyperactivation in ADHD relative to comparison subjects was observed predominantly in the default, ventral attention, and somatomotor networks. In adults, ADHD-related hypoactivation was predominant in the frontoparietal system, while ADHD-related hyperactivation was present in the visual, dorsal attention, and default networks. Significant ADHD-related dysfunction largely reflected task features and was detected even in the absence of comorbid mental disorders or a history of stimulant treatment. CONCLUSIONS A growing literature provides evidence of ADHD-related dysfunction in multiple neuronal systems involved in higher-level cognitive functions but also in sensorimotor processes, including the visual system, and in the default network. This meta-analytic evidence extends early models of ADHD pathophysiology that were focused on prefrontal-striatal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Cortese
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center of the NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, G. B. Rossi Hospital, Department of Life Science and Reproduction, Verona University, Verona, Italy,UMR_S INSERM U 930, ERL 3106, François-Rabelais University, Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Clare Kelly
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center of the NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camille Chabernaud
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center of the NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erika Proal
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center of the NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Neuroingenia, México, D.F., México
| | - Adriana Di Martino
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center of the NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael P. Milham
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA,Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - F. Xavier Castellanos
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center of the NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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Laasonen M, Kauppinen J, Leppämäki S, Tani P, Harno H, Hokkanen L, Wikgren J. Project DyAdd: classical eyeblink conditioning in adults with dyslexia and ADHD. Exp Brain Res 2012; 223:19-32. [PMID: 22948736 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study of the project DyAdd (Adult Dyslexia and Attention Deficit Disorder in Finland), classical eyeblink conditioning (EBC) was investigated in both delay and trace paradigms in adults (18-55 years) with dyslexia (n = 37), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 21), their comorbid combination (n = 8), and healthy controls (n = 35). In addition, the profiles of three participants with a rare autosomal dominant cerebellar disease were assessed (episodic ataxia type 2, EA-2). We found that participants with dyslexia were overall slower learners than controls in eyeblink conditioning. Further, they were the only group that had a reduced number of CRs in mediotemporal-dependent trace paradigm compared to the more cerebellum-dependent delay paradigm. Second, ADHD was found to be related to larger CR amplitude. Third, those with a comorbid condition learned faster and manifested CRs that were not well timed. Fourth, the cerebellar patients showed nearly no conditioning at all. Correlations between EBC and various neuropsychological domains (phonological processing, reading, spelling, arithmetic, executive functions, attention, and fine motor control) over all participants resulted in significant relations only for the delay paradigm: Increased amount of reading errors related with later peak latency and increased amount of self-corrections in fine motor control related with larger response magnitude. Within those who conditioned, relations emerged only for the trace paradigm: better spelling was related to larger response magnitude. These results do not lend support to the cerebellar hypothesis of dyslexia. On the contrary, dyslexia in its pure form seems to be related to a relative dysfunction of a larger hippocampal-cerebellar network. Further, larger responses in the ADHD group are suggested to result from their lowered responding threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Laasonen
- Division of Cognitive and Neuropsychology, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 1, P.O. Box 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Pauls AM, O'Daly OG, Rubia K, Riedel WJ, Williams SCR, Mehta MA. Methylphenidate effects on prefrontal functioning during attentional-capture and response inhibition. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 72:142-9. [PMID: 22552046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylphenidate improves motor response inhibition, typically assessed with the stop-signal task. The exact underlying mechanism for this, however, remains unknown. In addition, recent studies highlight that stop signals can have a confounding attentional-capture effect because of their low frequency in the task. In the current study, we assessed the effects of methylphenidate on neural networks of inhibitory control and attentional-capture within the context of two inhibitory control tasks. METHODS The effects of methylphenidate (40 mg) were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 16 healthy volunteers in a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. RESULTS Methylphenidate significantly reduced activation of different regions within the right inferior frontal gyrus/insula to infrequent stimuli associated with successful inhibition, failed inhibition, and attentional capture. These inferior frontal gyrus regions showed different interregional connections with inhibitory and attention networks. For failed inhibitions, methylphenidate increased activation within performance-monitoring regions, including the superior frontal, anterior cingulate, and parietal-occipital cortices, but only after controlling for attentional capture. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the improvement of response inhibition seen following methylphenidate administration is due to its influence on underlying attentional mechanisms linked to response control requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M Pauls
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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Wiig EH, Nielsen NP. A quick test of cognitive speed for comparing processing speed to differentiate adult psychiatric referrals with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2012; 14:11m01273. [PMID: 22943032 DOI: 10.4088/pcc.11m01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study used A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) to compare processing speed and efficiency measures by adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or non-ADHD psychiatric disorders and healthy controls. METHOD Color, form, and color-form combination naming tests were administered to 104 adults, ages 17-55 years, referred for psychiatric evaluation of possible ADHD. Thirty healthy adults were controls. Psychiatric intake procedures identified 64 adults with ADHD (ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria) and 40 with mild psychiatric disorders without ADHD. The study was conducted from 2008 through 2010. RESULTS At intake, color, form, and color-form combination naming times (seconds) were longer and overhead [color-form combination - (color + form)] was larger for patients with ADHD than for non-ADHD patients and controls. In the ADHD group, color and form measures were in the normal range. Color-form combination was in the slower-than-normal speed (60-70 seconds) and overhead, a processing-efficiency measure, in the atypical range (> 10 seconds). In the non-ADHD patient and control groups, all AQT measures were in the normal range. Analysis of variance with post hoc analysis of log-normal values for color, form, and color-form combination and time for overhead indicated significant (Bonferroni P < .01) mean differences between the ADHD and other groups, but not between the non-ADHD and control groups. When using fail criteria for either color-form combination or overhead, the sensitivity for the ADHD group was 89%. CONCLUSIONS RESULTS support AQT as a possible complement to psychiatric intake procedures to differentiate adults with ADHD from those with mild psychiatric disorders, and they suggest that a controlled prospective study might be productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hemmersam Wiig
- Communication Disorders, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Wiig), and Department of Psychiatry, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Nielsen)
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