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Sartori SB, Keil TMV, Kummer KK, Murphy CP, Gunduz-Cinar O, Kress M, Ebner K, Holmes A, Singewald N. Fear extinction rescuing effects of dopamine and L-DOPA in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:11. [PMID: 38191458 PMCID: PMC10774374 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC; rodent infralimbic cortex (IL)), is posited to be an important locus of fear extinction-facilitating effects of the dopamine (DA) bio-precursor, L-DOPA, but this hypothesis remains to be formally tested. Here, in a model of impaired fear extinction (the 129S1/SvImJ inbred mouse strain; S1), we monitored extracellular DA dynamics via in vivo microdialysis in IL during fear extinction and following L-DOPA administration. Systemic L-DOPA caused sustained elevation of extracellular DA levels in IL and increased neuronal activation in a subpopulation of IL neurons. Systemic L-DOPA enabled extinction learning and promoted extinction retention at one but not ten days after training. Conversely, direct microinfusion of DA into IL produced long-term fear extinction (an effect that was insensitive to ɑ-/ß-adrenoreceptor antagonism). However, intra-IL delivery of a D1-like or D2 receptor agonist did not facilitate extinction. Using ex vivo multi-electrode array IL neuronal recordings, along with ex vivo quantification of immediate early genes and DA receptor signalling markers in mPFC, we found evidence of reduced DA-evoked mPFC network responses in S1 as compared with extinction-competent C57BL/6J mice that were partially driven by D1 receptor activation. Together, our data demonstrate that locally increasing DA in IL is sufficient to produce lasting rescue of impaired extinction. The finding that systemic L-DOPA increased IL DA levels, but had only transient effects on extinction, suggests L-DOPA failed to reach a threshold level of IL DA or produced opposing behavioural effects in other brain regions. Collectively, our findings provide further insight into the neural basis of the extinction-promoting effects of DA and L-DOPA in a clinically relevant animal model, with possible implications for therapeutically targeting the DA system in anxiety and trauma-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone B Sartori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas M V Keil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai K Kummer
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Conor P Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ozge Gunduz-Cinar
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, NIH/NIAAA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karl Ebner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, NIH/NIAAA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Lalonde R, Strazielle C. The AGTPBP1 gene in neurobiology. Gene 2022; 809:146001. [PMID: 34637898 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The function of the Agtpbp1 gene has mainly been delineated by studying Agtpbp1pcd (pcd) mutant mice, characterized by losses in cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells along with degeneration of retinal photoreceptors, mitral cells of the olfactory bulb, thalamic neurons, and alpha-motoneurons. As a result of cerebellar degeneration, cerebellar GABA and glutamate concentrations in Agtpbp1pcd mutants decreased while monoamine concentrations increased. The salient behavioral phenotypes include cerebellar ataxia, a loss in motor coordination, and cognitive deficits. Similar neuropathogical and behavioral profiles have been described in childhood-onset human subjects with biallelic variants of AGTPBP1, including cerebellar ataxia and hypotonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lalonde
- University of Rouen, Dept Psychology, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA7300), University of Lorraine Medical School, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.
| | - Catherine Strazielle
- Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA7300), University of Lorraine Medical School, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France; CHRU Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
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3
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Baltanás FC, Berciano MT, Santos E, Lafarga M. The Childhood-Onset Neurodegeneration with Cerebellar Atrophy (CONDCA) Disease Caused by AGTPBP1 Gene Mutations: The Purkinje Cell Degeneration Mouse as an Animal Model for the Study of this Human Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091157. [PMID: 34572343 PMCID: PMC8464709 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have identified rare, biallelic damaging variants of the AGTPBP1 gene that cause a novel and documented human disease known as childhood-onset neurodegeneration with cerebellar atrophy (CONDCA), linking loss of function of the AGTPBP1 protein to human neurodegenerative diseases. CONDCA patients exhibit progressive cognitive decline, ataxia, hypotonia or muscle weakness among other clinical features that may be fatal. Loss of AGTPBP1 in humans recapitulates the neurodegenerative course reported in a well-characterised murine animal model harbouring loss-of-function mutations in the AGTPBP1 gene. In particular, in the Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mouse model, mutations in AGTPBP1 lead to early cerebellar ataxia, which correlates with the massive loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells. In addition, neurodegeneration in the olfactory bulb, retina, thalamus and spinal cord were also reported. In addition to neurodegeneration, pcd mice show behavioural deficits such as cognitive decline. Here, we provide an overview of what is currently known about the structure and functional role of AGTPBP1 and discuss the various alterations in AGTPBP1 that cause neurodegeneration in the pcd mutant mouse and humans with CONDCA. The sequence of neuropathological events that occur in pcd mice and the mechanisms governing these neurodegenerative processes are also reported. Finally, we describe the therapeutic strategies that were applied in pcd mice and focus on the potential usefulness of pcd mice as a promising model for the development of new therapeutic strategies for clinical trials in humans, which may offer potential beneficial options for patients with AGTPBP1 mutation-related CONDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C. Baltanás
- Lab.1, CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca-CSIC and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-923294801
| | - María T. Berciano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Lab.1, CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca-CSIC and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain;
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4
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Flace P, Livrea P, Basile GA, Galletta D, Bizzoca A, Gennarini G, Bertino S, Branca JJV, Gulisano M, Bianconi S, Bramanti A, Anastasi G. The Cerebellar Dopaminergic System. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:650614. [PMID: 34421548 PMCID: PMC8375553 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.650614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), dopamine (DA) is involved in motor and cognitive functions. Although the cerebellum is not been considered an elective dopaminergic region, studies attributed to it a critical role in dopamine deficit-related neurological and psychiatric disorders [e.g., Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia (SCZ)]. Data on the cerebellar dopaminergic neuronal system are still lacking. Nevertheless, biochemical studies detected in the mammalians cerebellum high dopamine levels, while chemical neuroanatomy studies revealed the presence of midbrain dopaminergic afferents to the cerebellum as well as wide distribution of the dopaminergic receptor subtypes (DRD1-DRD5). The present review summarizes the data on the cerebellar dopaminergic system including its involvement in associative and projective circuits. Furthermore, this study also briefly discusses the role of the cerebellar dopaminergic system in some neurologic and psychiatric disorders and suggests its potential involvement as a target in pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Flace
- Medical School, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gianpaolo Antonio Basile
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Diana Galletta
- Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Bizzoca
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gennarini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bertino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simona Bianconi
- Physical, Rehabilitation Medicine and Sport Medicine Unit, University Hospital “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care IRCCS “Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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5
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Wong KLL, Nair A, Augustine GJ. Changing the Cortical Conductor's Tempo: Neuromodulation of the Claustrum. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:658228. [PMID: 34054437 PMCID: PMC8155375 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.658228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The claustrum is a thin sheet of neurons that is densely connected to many cortical regions and has been implicated in numerous high-order brain functions. Such brain functions arise from brain states that are influenced by neuromodulatory pathways from the cholinergic basal forebrain, dopaminergic substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, and serotonergic raphe. Recent revelations that the claustrum receives dense input from these structures have inspired investigation of state-dependent control of the claustrum. Here, we review neuromodulation in the claustrum-from anatomical connectivity to behavioral manipulations-to inform future analyses of claustral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. L. Wong
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aditya Nair
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - George J. Augustine
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Carlson ES, Hunker AC, Sandberg SG, Locke TM, Geller JM, Schindler AG, Thomas SA, Darvas M, Phillips PEM, Zweifel LS. Catecholaminergic Innervation of the Lateral Nucleus of the Cerebellum Modulates Cognitive Behaviors. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3512-3530. [PMID: 33536201 PMCID: PMC8051686 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2406-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum processes neural signals related to rewarding and aversive stimuli, suggesting that the cerebellum supports nonmotor functions in cognitive and emotional domains. Catecholamines are a class of neuromodulatory neurotransmitters well known for encoding such salient stimuli. Catecholaminergic modulation of classical cerebellar functions have been demonstrated. However, a role for cerebellar catecholamines in modulating cerebellar nonmotor functions is unknown. Using biochemical methods in male mice, we comprehensively mapped TH+ fibers throughout the entire cerebellum and known precerebellar nuclei. Using electrochemical (fast scan cyclic voltammetry), and viral/genetic methods to selectively delete Th in fibers innervating the lateral cerebellar nucleus (LCN), we interrogated sources and functional roles of catecholamines innervating the LCN, which is known for its role in supporting cognition. The LCN has the most TH+ fibers in cerebellum, as well as the most change in rostrocaudal expression among the cerebellar nuclei. Norepinephrine is the major catecholamine measured in LCN. Distinct catecholaminergic projections to LCN arise only from locus coeruleus, and a subset of Purkinje cells that are positive for staining of TH. LC stimulation was sufficient to produce catecholamine release in LCN. Deletion of Th in fibers innervating LCN (LCN-Th-cKO) resulted in impaired sensorimotor integration, associative fear learning, response inhibition, and working memory in LCN-Th-cKO mice. Strikingly, selective inhibition of excitatory LCN output neurons with inhibitory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs led to facilitation of learning on the same working memory task impaired in LCN-Th-cKO mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate a role for LCN catecholamines in cognitive behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here, we report on interrogating sources and functional roles of catecholamines innervating the lateral nucleus of the cerebellum (LCN). We map and quantify expression of TH, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, in the entire cerebellar system, including several precerebellar nuclei. We used cyclic voltammetry and pharmacology to demonstrate sufficiency of LC stimulation to produce catecholamine release in LCN. We used advanced viral techniques to map and selectively KO catecholaminergic neurotransmission to the LCN, and characterized significant cognitive deficits related to this manipulation. Finally, we show that inhibition of excitatory LCN neurons with designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs, designed to mimic Gi-coupled catecholamine GPCR signaling, results in facilitation of a working memory task impaired in LCN-specific TH KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington 98108
| | - Avery C Hunker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Stefan G Sandberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Timothy M Locke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Julianne M Geller
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington 98108
| | - Abigail G Schindler
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington 98108
| | - Steven A Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Martin Darvas
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Paul E M Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Larry S Zweifel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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7
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Mehdizadeh M, Ashtari N, Jiao X, Rahimi Balaei M, Marzban A, Qiyami-Hour F, Kong J, Ghavami S, Marzban H. Alteration of the Dopamine Receptors' Expression in the Cerebellum of the Lysosomal Acid Phosphatase 2 Mutant (Naked-Ataxia ( NAX)) Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2914. [PMID: 32326360 PMCID: PMC7215910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A spontaneous mutation in the lysosomal acid phosphatase (Acp2) enzyme (nax: naked-ataxia) in experimental mice results in delayed hair appearance and severe cytoarchitectural impairments of the cerebellum, such as a Purkinje cell (PC) migration defect. In our previous investigation, our team showed that Acp2 expression plans a significant role in cerebellar development. On the other hand, the dopaminergic system is also a player in central nervous system (CNS) development, including cerebellar structure and function. In the current investigation, we have explored how Acp2 can be involved in the regulation of the dopaminergic pathway in the cerebellum via the regulation of dopamine receptor expression and patterning. We provided evidence about the distribution of different dopamine receptors in the developing cerebellum by comparing the expression of dopamine receptors on postnatal days (P) 5 and 17 between nax mice and wild-type (wt) littermates. To this aim, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were conducted using five antibodies against dopamine receptors (DRD1, -2, -3, -4, and -5) accompanied by RNAseq data. Our results revealed that DRD1, -3, and -4 gene expressions significantly increased in nax cerebella but not in wt, while gene expressions of all 5 receptors were evident in PCs of both wt and nax cerebella. DRD3 was strongly expressed in the PCs' somata and cerebellar nuclei neurons at P17 in nax mice, which was comparable to the expression levels in the cerebella of wt littermates. In addition, DRD3 was expressed in scattered cells in a granular layer reminiscent of Golgi cells and was observed in the wt cerebella but not in nax mice. DRD4 was expressed in a subset of PCs and appeared to align with the unique parasagittal stripes pattern. This study contributes to our understanding of alterations in the expression pattern of DRDs in the cerebellum of nax mice in comparison to their wt littermates, and it highlights the role of Acp2 in regulating the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Niloufar Ashtari
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (N.A.); (X.J.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Xiaodan Jiao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (N.A.); (X.J.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Maryam Rahimi Balaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (N.A.); (X.J.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Asghar Marzban
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran;
| | - Farshid Qiyami-Hour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Jiming Kong
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (N.A.); (X.J.); (M.R.B.)
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8
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Heskje J, Heslin K, De Corte BJ, Walsh KP, Kim Y, Han S, Carlson ES, Parker KL. Cerebellar D1DR-expressing neurons modulate the frontal cortex during timing tasks. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 170:107067. [PMID: 31404656 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence suggest that the cerebellum plays an integral role in cognitive function through its interactions with association cortices like the medial frontal cortex (MFC). It is unknown precisely how the cerebellum influences the frontal cortex and what type of information is reciprocally relayed between these two regions. A subset of neurons in the cerebellar dentate nuclei, or the homologous lateral cerebellar nuclei (LCN) in rodents, express D1 dopamine receptors (D1DRs) and may play a role in cognitive processes. We investigated how pharmacologically blocking LCN D1DRs influences performance in an interval timing task and impacts neuronal activity in the frontal cortex. Interval timing requires executive processes such as working memory, attention, and planning and is known to rely on both the frontal cortex and cerebellum. In our interval timing task, male rats indicated their estimates of the passage of a period of several seconds by making lever presses for a water reward. We have shown that a cue-evoked burst of low-frequency activity in the MFC initiates ramping activity (i.e., monotonic increases or decreases of firing rate over time) in single MFC neurons. These patterns of activity are associated with successful interval timing performance. Here we explored how blocking right LCN D1DRs with the D1DR antagonist SCH23390 influences timing performance and neural activity in the contralateral (left) MFC. Our results indicate that blocking LCN D1DRs impaired some measures of interval timing performance. Additionally, ramping activity of MFC single units was significantly attenuated. These data provide insight into how catecholamines in the LCN may drive MFC neuronal dynamics to influence cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Heskje
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kelsey Heslin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Benjamin J De Corte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kyle P Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Youngcho Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Sangwoo Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Erik S Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, United States
| | - Krystal L Parker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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9
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Locke TM, Soden ME, Miller SM, Hunker A, Knakal C, Licholai JA, Dhillon KS, Keene CD, Zweifel LS, Carlson ES. Dopamine D 1 Receptor-Positive Neurons in the Lateral Nucleus of the Cerebellum Contribute to Cognitive Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:401-412. [PMID: 29478701 PMCID: PMC6072628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in humans and nonhuman primates have identified a region of the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, or the lateral cerebellar nucleus (LCN) in rodents, activated during performance of cognitive tasks involving complex spatial and sequential planning. Whether such a subdivision exists in rodents is not known. Dopamine and its receptors, which are implicated in cognitive function, are present in the cerebellar nuclei, but their function is unknown. METHODS Using viral and genetic strategies in mice, we examined cellular phenotypes of dopamine D1 receptor-positive (D1R+) cells in the LCN with whole-cell patch clamp recordings, messenger RNA profiling, and immunohistochemistry to examine D1R expression in mouse LCN and human dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. We used chemogenetics to inhibit D1R+ neurons and examined behaviors including spatial navigation, social recognition memory, prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex, response inhibition, and working memory to test the necessity of these neurons in these behaviors. RESULTS We identified a population of D1R+ neurons that are localized to an anatomically distinct region of the LCN. We also observed D1R+ neurons in human dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, which suggests an evolutionarily conserved population of dopamine-receptive neurons in this region. The genetic, electrophysiological, and anatomical profile of mouse D1R neurons is consistent with a heterogeneous population of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic, and to a lesser extent glutamatergic, cell types. Selective inhibition of D1R+ LCN neurons impairs spatial navigation memory, response inhibition, working memory, and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data demonstrate a functional link between genetically distinct neurons in the LCN and cognitive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Locke
- University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | | | | | - Avery Hunker
- University of Washington, Department of Pharmacology
| | - Cerise Knakal
- University of Washington, Department of Pharmacology
| | | | - Karn S. Dhillon
- University of Washington, Department of Biological Chemistry
| | | | - Larry S. Zweifel
- University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,University of Washington, Department of Pharmacology
| | - Erik S. Carlson
- University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Correspondence: Erik Sean Carlson M.D., Ph.D. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356560 Seattle, WA, 98195-6560 Telephone: 612-387-7304 Fax: 206-543-9520
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10
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Liao YH, Lee HJ, Huang WJ, Fan PC, Chiou LC. Hispidulin alleviated methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion by acting at α6 subunit-containing GABAA receptors in the cerebellum. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3187-99. [PMID: 27385415 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hispidulin is a flavonoid we isolated from Clerodendrum inerme, an herb that effectively remitted a case of intractable motor tic disorders. Hispidulin was shown to be a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of GABAA receptors, including the α6 subunit-containing subtype (α6GABAAR) that is predominantly expressed in cerebellar granule cells and insensitive to diazepam. OBJECTIVES We explored the action mechanism(s) of hispidulin using hyperdopaminergic mouse models induced by methamphetamine and apomorphine, based on the hyperdopaminergic nature of tic disorders. RESULTS Hispidulin significantly inhibited methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (MIH) at i.p. doses without affecting apomorphine-induced hyperlocomotion and stereotypy behaviors or having significant benzodiazepine-like effects (BZLE), including sedation, anxiety, and motor impairment. When given by intracerebellar (i.c.b.) microinjection, hispidulin also alleviated MIH and this effect was prevented by i.c.b. coadministration of furosemide, an α6GABAAR antagonist, and mimicked by i.c.b. Ro 15-4513, an α6GABAAR PAM. Conversely, i.c.b. diazepam did not affect MIH while it reduced MIH at i.p. doses having significant BZLE. In a screening assay for 92 neurotransmitter receptors/degradation enzymes/transporters, hispidulin displayed significant (>50 % inhibition of radiolabeled ligand binding at 10 μM) binding affinity only at the benzodiazepine binding site of GABAARs (IC50 0.73∼1.78 μM) and catecholamine-o-methyl-transferase (COMT) (IC50 1.32 μM). OR-486, a more potent COMT inhibitor than hispidulin, did not affect MIH. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that hispidulin alleviates MIH via acting as a PAM of cerebellar α6GABAARs, but not through COMT inhibition or affecting dopamine receptor responsiveness. Thus, selective α6GABAAR PAMs may have the potential to be a novel treatment for hyperdopaminergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Section 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Chuan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Section 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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11
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Frederick A, Bourget-Murray J, Chapman CA, Amir S, Courtemanche R. Diurnal influences on electrophysiological oscillations and coupling in the dorsal striatum and cerebellar cortex of the anesthetized rat. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:145. [PMID: 25309348 PMCID: PMC4163932 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms modulate behavioral processes over a 24 h period through clock gene expression. What is largely unknown is how these molecular influences shape neural activity in different brain areas. The clock gene Per2 is rhythmically expressed in the striatum and the cerebellum and its expression is linked with daily fluctuations in extracellular dopamine levels and D2 receptor activity. Electrophysiologically, dopamine depletion enhances striatal local field potential (LFP) oscillations. We investigated if LFP oscillations and synchrony were influenced by time of day, potentially via dopamine mechanisms. To assess the presence of a diurnal effect, oscillatory power and coherence were examined in the striatum and cerebellum of rats under urethane anesthesia at four different times of day zeitgeber time (ZT1, 7, 13 and 19—indicating number of hours after lights turned on in a 12:12 h light-dark cycle). We also investigated the diurnal response to systemic raclopride, a D2 receptor antagonist. Time of day affected the proportion of LFP oscillations within the 0–3 Hz band and the 3–8 Hz band. In both the striatum and the cerebellum, slow oscillations were strongest at ZT1 and weakest at ZT13. A 3–8 Hz oscillation was present when the slow oscillation was lowest, with peak 3–8 Hz activity occurring at ZT13. Raclopride enhanced the slow oscillations, and had the greatest effect at ZT13. Within the striatum and with the cerebellum, 0–3 Hz coherence was greatest at ZT1, when the slow oscillations were strongest. Coherence was also affected the most by raclopride at ZT13. Our results suggest that neural oscillations in the cerebellum and striatum, and the synchrony between these areas, are modulated by time of day, and that these changes are influenced by dopamine manipulation. This may provide insight into how circadian gene transcription patterns influence network electrophysiology. Future experiments will address how these network alterations are linked with behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Frederick
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/FRQS Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Biology, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Bourget-Murray
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/FRQS Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada ; M.D., C.M. Program, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Andrew Chapman
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/FRQS Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shimon Amir
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/FRQS Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Courtemanche
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/FRQS Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Delis F, Mitsacos A, Giompres P. Lesion of the cerebellar paravermis increases dopamine D1 receptor levels in the contralateral striatum. J Chem Neuroanat 2012; 47:35-41. [PMID: 23116569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anatomical and biochemical findings have long suggested that a projection from the cerebellum to the basal ganglia exists, and recent findings proposed that the cerebellum influences glutamatergic striatal activity. We have previously shown that a complete, genetic, lack of Purkinje cells induces an upregulation of dopamine D1 receptors (DRD1) in the output of the basal ganglia, the substantia nigra pars reticulata. In this study, we produced a focal unilateral lesion in the cerebellar paravermal cortex and we studied the levels and distribution of dopamine receptors and transporters, with the use of in vitro receptor autoradiography. The lesion produced a statistically significant increase in DRD1 specific binding in the contralateral medial striatum and a bilateral decrease in dopamine transporter (DAT) levels in the dorsolateral striatum. Our finding of a DRD1 increase after disruption of the cerebellar corticonuclear projection suggests that the cerebellar output modulates the basal ganglia DRD1-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Delis
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
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Giannakopoulou D, Armata I, Mitsacos A, Shashidharan P, Giompres P. Modulation of the basal ganglia dopaminergic system in a transgenic mouse exhibiting dystonia-like features. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:1401-9. [PMID: 21136125 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary excessive muscle activity and abnormal postures. There are data supporting the hypothesis that basal ganglia dysfunction, and specifically dopaminergic system dysfunction, plays a role in dystonia. In the present study, we used hyperkinetic transgenic mice generated as a model of DYT1 dystonia and compared the basal ganglia dopaminergic system between transgenic mice exhibiting hyperkinesia (affected), transgenic mice not showing movement abnormalities (unaffected), and non-transgenic littermates. A decrease in the density of striatal D2 binding sites, measured by [³H]raclopride binding, and D2 mRNA expression in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) was revealed in affected and unaffected transgenic mice when compared with non-transgenic. No difference in D1 receptor binding and DAT binding, measured by [³H]SCH23390 and [³H]WIN35428 binding, respectively, was found in striatum of transgenic animals. In SNpc, increased levels of DAT binding sites were observed in affected and unaffected animals compared to non-transgenic, whereas no change in DAT mRNA expression was found. Our results show selective neurochemical changes in the basal ganglia dopaminergic system, suggesting a possible involvement in the pathophysiology of dystonia-like motor hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Giannakopoulou
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500 Patra, Greece
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14
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Zhang M, Ji B, Zou H, Shi J, Zhang Z, Li X, Zhu H, Feng G, Jin M, Yu L, He L, Wan C. Vitamin A depletion alters sensitivity of motor behavior to MK-801 in C57BL/6J mice. Behav Brain Funct 2010; 6:7. [PMID: 20180994 PMCID: PMC2832782 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-6-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A and its derivatives (retinoids) are crucial for the development, maintenance and morphogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS). Although motor impairment has been reported in postnatal vitamin A depletion rodents, the effect of vitamin A depletion on homeostasis maintaining capability in response to external interference is not clear. METHODS In the current study, we measured the effect of vitamin A depletion on motor ability and pain sensitivity under two different conditions: 1. prior to any injection and 2. after the injection of an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (MK-801). RESULTS Vitamin A depletion mice showed decreased body weight, enhanced locomotor activity, increased rearing and less tail flick latency. Vitamin A depletion also induced hypersensitivity of stereotypy, ataxia, rearing, and tail flick latency to MK-801, but hyposensitivity of locomotion to MK-801. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that vitamin A depletion affect broad basal behavior and disrupt homeostasis maintaining capability in response to glutamate perturbation. We provide a useful animal model for assessing the role of vitamin A depletion in regulating animal behavior, and for detecting how neurotransmitter pathways might be involved in vitamin A depletion related behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
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15
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Pharmacological characterization and anatomical distribution of the dopamine transporter in the mouse cerebellum. THE CEREBELLUM 2009; 7:242-51. [PMID: 18418665 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-008-0005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the binding parameters, the pharmacological profile and the anatomical distribution of the dopamine transporter in the mouse cerebellum by using the specific dopamine uptake antagonist [(3)H]GBR12935 and an antidopamine transporter monoclonal antibody. Competition experiments in cerebellar and striatal membrane preparations showed that [(3)H]GBR12935 binds to a specific binding site, sensitive to dopamine and low concentrations of mazindol. The affinity of dopamine for the cerebellar binding site was one order of magnitude lower than the affinity for the striatal binding site. Saturation experiments in cerebellar membrane preparations and thin frozen sections showed that the affinity of [(3)H]GBR12935 for this binding site is similar to its affinity for the striatal dopamine transporter. Saturable binding was lobule specific and in general was higher in the molecular layer compared to the granule cell layer. The immunohistochemical signal was mostly concentrated in the Purkinje cell layer and the cerebellar nuclei. The results suggest that the cerebellar dopamine transporter is similar but not identical to the striatal dopamine transporter and that it is present in the mouse cerebellum in a lobule and lamina specific pattern.
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16
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Dym CT, Pinhas A, Robak M, Sclafani A, Bodnar RJ. Genetic variance contributes to dopamine receptor antagonist-induced inhibition of sucrose intake in inbred and outbred mouse strains. Brain Res 2008; 1257:40-52. [PMID: 19135035 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Preference and intake of sucrose varies across inbred and outbred strains of mice. Pharmacological analyses revealed that the greatest sensitivity to naltrexone-induced inhibition of sucrose (10%) intake was observed in C57BL10/J and C57BL/6J strains, whereas 129P3/J, SWR/J and SJL/J strains displayed far less sensitivity to naltrexone-induced inhibition of sucrose intake. Given that dopamine D1 (SCH23390) and D2 (raclopride) receptor antagonism potently reduce sucrose intake in outbred rat and mouse strains, the present study examined the possibility of genetic variance in the dose-dependent (50-1600 nmol/kg) and time-dependent (5-120 min) effects of these antagonists upon sucrose (10%) intake in the eight inbred (BALB/cJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, C57BL/10J, DBA/2J, SJL/J, SWR/J and 129P3/J) and one outbred (CD-1) mouse strains previously tested with naltrexone. SCH23390 significantly reduced sucrose intake across all five doses in 129P3/J and SJL/J mice, across four doses in C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice, across three doses in DBA/2J, SWR/J, C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10J mice, but only at the two highest doses in CD-1 mice. SCH23390 was 2-3-fold more potent in inhibiting sucrose intake in 129P3/J and SJL/J mice relative to CD-1 mice. In contrast, only the highest equimolar 1600 nmol/kg dose of raclopride significantly reduced sucrose intake in the BALB/cJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, C57BL/10J, DBA/2J, SJL/J and 129P3/J, but not the SWR/J and CD-1 strains. The present and previous data demonstrate specific and differential patterns of genetic variability in inhibition of sucrose intake by dopamine and opioid antagonists, suggesting that distinct neurochemical mechanisms control sucrose intake across different mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl T Dym
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
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17
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Guiard BP, El Mansari M, Blier P. Cross-talk between dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems in the rat ventral tegmental area, locus ceruleus, and dorsal hippocampus. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 74:1463-75. [PMID: 18703671 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.048033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A decreased central dopaminergic and/or noradrenergic transmission is believed to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. It is known that dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus ceruleus (LC) are autoregulated by somatodendritic D(2)-like and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, respectively. Complementing these autoreceptor-mediated inhibitory feedbacks, anatomical and functional studies have established a role for noradrenergic inputs in regulating dopaminergic activity, and reciprocally. In the present study, a microiontophoretic approach was used to characterize the postsynaptic catecholamine heteroreceptors involved in such regulations. In the VTA, the application of DA and NE significantly reduced the firing activity of DA neurons. In addition to a role for D(2)-like receptors in the inhibitory effects of both catecholamines, it was demonstrated that the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan dampened the DA- and NE-induced attenuations of DA neuronal activity, indicating that both of these receptors are involved in the responsiveness of VTA DA neurons to catecholamines. In the LC, the effectiveness of iontophoretically applied NE and DA to suppress NE neuronal firing was blocked by idazoxan but not by the D(2)-like receptor antagonist raclopride, which suggested that only alpha(2)-adrenoceptors were involved. In the dorsal hippocampus, a forebrain region having a sparse dopaminergic innervation but receiving a dense noradrenergic input, the suppressant effects of DA and NE on pyramidal neurons were attenuated by idazoxan but not by raclopride. The suppressant effect of DA was prolonged by administration of the selective NE reuptake inhibitor desipramine and, to lesser extent, of the selective DA reuptake inhibitor 1-(2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)-piperazine (GBR12909), suggesting that both the NE and DA transporters were involved in DA uptake in the hippocampus. These findings might help in designing new antidepressant strategies aimed at enhancing DA and NE neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Guiard
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Ontario, Canada
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18
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DAHLIN A, XIA L, KONG W, HEVNER R, WANG J. Expression and immunolocalization of the plasma membrane monoamine transporter in the brain. Neuroscience 2007; 146:1193-211. [PMID: 17408864 PMCID: PMC2683847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High affinity monoamine transporters efficiently terminate neurotransmission through synaptic reuptake of released neurotransmitter. We recently cloned and characterized a novel low-affinity, high capacity plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) that is strongly expressed in the human brain and efficiently transports 5-HT and dopamine (DA). In efforts to understand the physiological function of PMAT and its relevance in monoaminergic pathways, we cloned the PMAT homolog from the mouse brain, demonstrated its capability for transporting 5-HT and DA, and determined the regional and cellular localization of mouse plasma membrane monoamine transporter (mPMAT) in adult mouse brain by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, non-radioactive in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical methods. Our results showed that mPMAT mRNA and protein are broadly expressed in the mouse brain and are particularly abundant in forebrain cortex, olfactory tubercle, hippocampus, cerebellum and epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. Dual-immunofluorescence histochemistry with established phenotypic markers microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) revealed that mPMAT is expressed in neuronal cells but not in astrocytes. mPMAT is co-expressed in many brain regions with the high affinity 5-HT transporter (SERT) and the dopamine transporter (DAT), but is also found in certain sites that receive monoamine innervation but lack significant expression of SERT or DAT. These findings suggest that mPMAT is a widely distributed, neuronally-expressed transporter, which may support the role of 5-HT and DA uptake under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. DAHLIN
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, H272J, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - L. XIA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, H272J, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - W. KONG
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, H272J, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - R. HEVNER
- Department of Pathology and Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - J. WANG
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, H272J, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel: +1-206-221-6561; fax: +1-206-543-3204. E-mail address: (J. Wang)
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Huang XF, Zavitsanou K, Huang X, Yu Y, Wang H, Chen F, Lawrence AJ, Deng C. Dopamine transporter and D2 receptor binding densities in mice prone or resistant to chronic high fat diet-induced obesity. Behav Brain Res 2006; 175:415-9. [PMID: 17000016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the density of dopamine transporter (DAT) and D2 receptors in the brains of chronic high-fat diet-induced obese (cDIO), obese-resistant (cDR) and low-fat-fed (LF) control mice. Significantly decreased DAT densities were observed in cDR mice compared to cDIO and LF mice, primarily in the nucleus accumbens, striatal and hypothalamic regions. D2 receptor density was significantly lower in the rostral part of caudate putamen in cDIO mice compared to cDR and LF mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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20
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Lalonde R, Strazielle C. Spontaneous and induced mouse mutations with cerebellar dysfunctions: behavior and neurochemistry. Brain Res 2006; 1140:51-74. [PMID: 16499884 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Grid2(Lc) (Lurcher), Grid2(ho) (hot-foot), Rora(sg) (staggerer), nr (nervous), Agtpbp1(pcd) (Purkinje cell degeneration), Reln(rl) (reeler), and Girk2(Wv) (Weaver) are spontaneous mutations with cerebellar atrophy, ataxia, and deficits in motor coordination tasks requiring balance and equilibrium. In addition to these signs, the Dst(dt) (dystonia musculorum) spinocerebellar mutant displays dystonic postures and crawling. More recently, transgenic models with human spinocerebellar ataxia mutations and alterations in calcium homeostasis have been shown to exhibit cerebellar anomalies and motor coordination deficits. We describe neurochemical characteristics of these mutants with respect to regional brain metabolism as well as amino acid and biogenic amine concentrations, uptake sites, and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lalonde
- Université de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, INSERM U614, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France.
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Woodruff-Pak DS, Green JT, Levin SI, Meisler MH. Inactivation of sodium channel Scn8A (Nav1.6) in purkinje neurons impairs learning in Morris Water Maze and delay but not trace eyeblink classical conditioning. Behav Neurosci 2006; 120:229-40. [PMID: 16719687 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7044.120.2.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To examine the isolated effects of altered currents in cerebellar Purkinje neurons, the authors used Scn8a-super(flox/flox), Purkinje cell protein-CRE (Pcp-CRE) mice in which Exon 1 of Scn8a is deleted only in Purkinje neurons. Twenty male Purkinje Scn8a knockout (PKJ Scn8a KO) mice and 20 male littermates were tested on the Morris water maze (MWM). Subsequently, half were tested in 500-ms delay and half were tested in 500-ms trace eyeblink conditioning. PKJ Scn8a KO mice were impaired in delay conditioning and MWM but not in trace conditioning. These results provide additional support for the necessary participation of cerebellar cortex in normal acquisition of delay eyeblink conditioning and MWM and raise questions about the role, if any, of cerebellar cortex in trace eyeblink conditioning.
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Abstract
In the central nervous system, dopamine is known to play a critical role in motor and cognitive functions. Although the cerebellum plays a role in the control of movement and posture and in cognitive functions, it has not been considered to be a dopaminergic region and the dopamine present was thought to represent a precursor of noradrenaline. However, recent evidence suggests that in the cerebellum there is a small dopaminergic element, whose properties are similar to the well characterized system of striatum. In order to better understand the functional role of this system and to delineate its specific interactions within the cerebellum, the distribution and properties of dopamine transporter (DAT) in the cerebellum of reeler and Purkinje cell degeneration (Nna1pcd) mutant mice, which are characterized by severe loss of different cell populations and abnormalities in synapse formation, have been studied. Kinetic studies revealed that [3H]dopamine is transported into cerebellar synaptosomes prepared from normal mice with affinities similar to that into striatal synaptosomes but with much lower maximal velocities. In reeler cerebellar synaptosomes the number of transport sites is significantly reduced. In Nna1pcd cerebellar synaptosomes the kinetic properties of transport of [3H]dopamine are similar to the normal. However, in vitro quantitative DAT autoradiography revealed a significantly increased binding in cerebellar nuclei, a decreased binding in molecular layer and an unaltered binding in the granule cell layer. These observations confirm a dopaminergic innervation of the cerebellum and contribute to our understanding of the intracerebellar distribution of the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giompres
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rion, Greece.
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