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Elhadi K, Daiwile AP, Cadet JL. Modeling methamphetamine use disorder and relapse in animals: short- and long-term epigenetic, transcriptional., and biochemical consequences in the rat brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105440. [PMID: 38707245 PMCID: PMC11068368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by binge drug taking episodes, intervals of abstinence, and relapses to drug use even during treatment. MUD has been modeled in rodents and investigators are attempting to identify its molecular bases. Preclinical experiments have shown that different schedules of methamphetamine self-administration can cause diverse transcriptional changes in the dorsal striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats. In the present review, we present data on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the rat striatum following methamphetamine intake. These include genes involved in transcription regulation, potassium channel function, and neuroinflammation. We then use the striatal data to discuss the potential significance of the molecular changes induced by methamphetamine by reviewing concordant or discordant data from the literature. This review identified potential molecular targets for pharmacological interventions. Nevertheless, there is a need for more research on methamphetamine-induced transcriptional consequences in various brain regions. These data should provide a more detailed neuroanatomical map of methamphetamine-induced changes and should better inform therapeutic interventions against MUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Elhadi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Atul P. Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224
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2
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Kondo M, Hara H, Kamijo F, Kamiya T, Adachi T. 6-Hydroxydopamine disrupts cellular copper homeostasis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Metallomics 2021; 13:6311138. [PMID: 34185060 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element that plays an important role in maintaining neuronal functions such as the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. In contrast, exposure to excess Cu results in cell injury. Therefore, intracellular Cu levels are strictly regulated by proteins related to Cu-trafficking, including ATP7A. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Recently, the abnormality of Cu homeostasis was demonstrated to be related to the pathogenesis of PD. However, the association between Cu dyshomeostasis and PD remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a neurotoxin used for the production of PD model animals, on cellular Cu trafficking in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. 6-OHDA reduced the protein levels of the Cu exporter ATP7A and the Cu chaperone Atox1, but not CTR1, a Cu importer; however, it did not affect the expression of ATP7A and Atox1 mRNAs. The decreased levels of ATP7A and Atox1 proteins were restored by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and the lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1. This suggests that 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress facilitates the degradation of these proteins. In addition, the amount of intracellular Cu after exposure to CuCl2 was significantly higher in cells pretreated with 6-OHDA than in untreated cells. Moreover, 6-OHDA reduced the protein levels of the cuproenzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase that converts dopamine to noradrenaline. Thus, this study suggests that 6-OHDA disrupts Cu homeostasis through the dysregulation of cellular Cu trafficking, resulting in the dysfunction of neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Kondo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Fuka Kamijo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
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3
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Sintsova O, Gladkikh I, Monastyrnaya M, Tabakmakher V, Yurchenko E, Menchinskaya E, Pislyagin E, Andreev Y, Kozlov S, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, Aminin D, Kozlovskaya E, Leychenko E. Sea Anemone Kunitz-Type Peptides Demonstrate Neuroprotective Activity in the 6-Hydroxydopamine Induced Neurotoxicity Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030283. [PMID: 33802055 PMCID: PMC8001995 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kunitz-type peptides from venomous animals have been known to inhibit different proteinases and also to modulate ion channels and receptors, demonstrating analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine and many other biological activities. At present, there is evidence of their neuroprotective effects. We have studied eight Kunitz-type peptides of the sea anemone Heteractis crispa to find molecules with cytoprotective activity in the 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity model on neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells. It has been shown that only five peptides significantly increase the viability of neuronal cells treated with 6-OHDA. The TRPV1 channel blocker, HCRG21, has revealed the neuroprotective effect that could be indirect evidence of TRPV1 involvement in the disorders associated with neurodegeneration. The pre-incubation of Neuro-2a cells with HCRG21 followed by 6-OHDA treatment has resulted in a prominent reduction in ROS production compared the untreated cells. It is possible that the observed effect is due to the ability of the peptide act as an efficient free-radical scavenger. One more leader peptide, InhVJ, has shown a neuroprotective activity and has been studied at concentrations of 0.01–10.0 µM. The target of InhVJ is still unknown, but it was the best of all eight homologous peptides in an absolute cell viability increment on 38% of the control in the 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity model. The targets of the other three active peptides remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Sintsova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.S.); (I.G.); (M.M.); (E.Y.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (E.K.)
| | - Irina Gladkikh
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.S.); (I.G.); (M.M.); (E.Y.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (E.K.)
| | - Margarita Monastyrnaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.S.); (I.G.); (M.M.); (E.Y.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (E.K.)
| | - Valentin Tabakmakher
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.T.); (Y.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Yurchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.S.); (I.G.); (M.M.); (E.Y.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (E.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.S.); (I.G.); (M.M.); (E.Y.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (E.K.)
| | - Evgeny Pislyagin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.S.); (I.G.); (M.M.); (E.Y.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (E.K.)
| | - Yaroslav Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.T.); (Y.A.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kozlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.T.); (Y.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.P.); (J.T.)
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.P.); (J.T.)
| | - Dmitry Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.S.); (I.G.); (M.M.); (E.Y.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (E.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Emma Kozlovskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.S.); (I.G.); (M.M.); (E.Y.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (E.K.)
| | - Elena Leychenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.S.); (I.G.); (M.M.); (E.Y.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(423)-231-11-68
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4
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Maqoud F, Scala R, Hoxha M, Zappacosta B, Tricarico D. ATP-sensitive potassium channel subunits in the neuroinflammation: novel drug targets in neurodegenerative disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:130-149. [PMID: 33463481 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210119095626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acids and its metabolites modulate plenty of ligand-gated, voltage-dependent ion channels, and metabolically regulated potassium channels including ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP). KATP channels are hetero-multimeric complexes of sulfonylureas receptors (SUR1, SUR2A or SUR2B) and the pore-forming subunits (Kir6.1 and Kir6.2) likewise expressed in the pre-post synapsis of neurons and inflammatory cells, thereby affecting their proliferation and activity. KATP channels are involved in amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced pathology, therefore emerging as therapeutic targets against Alzheimer's and related diseases. The modulation of these channels can represent an innovative strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders; nevertheless, the currently available drugs are not selective for brain KATP channels and show contrasting effects. This phenomenon can be a consequence of the multiple physiological roles of the different varieties of KATP channels. Openings of cardiac and muscular KATP channel subunits, is protective against caspase-dependent atrophy in these tissues and some neurodegenerative disorders, whereas in some neuroinflammatory diseases benefits can be obtained through the inhibition of neuronal KATP channel subunits. For example, glibenclamide exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in respiratory, digestive, urological, and central nervous system (CNS) diseases, as well as in ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with abnormal SUR1-Trpm4/TNF-α or SUR1-Trpm4/ Nos2/ROS signaling. Despite this strategy is promising, glibenclamide may have limited clinical efficacy due to its unselective blocking action of SUR2A/B subunits also expressed in cardiovascular apparatus with pro-arrhythmic effects and SUR1 expressed in pancreatic beta cells with hypoglycemic risk. Alternatively, neuronal selective dual modulators showing agonist/antagonist actions on KATP channels can be an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Maqoud
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125-I. Italy
| | - Rosa Scala
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125-I. Italy
| | - Malvina Hoxha
- Department of Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel", Tirana. Albania
| | - Bruno Zappacosta
- Department of Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel", Tirana. Albania
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125-I. Italy
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5
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Yeh CY, Schulien AJ, Molyneaux BJ, Aizenman E. Lessons from Recent Advances in Ischemic Stroke Management and Targeting Kv2.1 for Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176107. [PMID: 32854248 PMCID: PMC7503403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving neuroprotection in ischemic stroke patients has been a multidecade medical challenge. Numerous clinical trials were discontinued in futility and many were terminated in response to deleterious treatment effects. Recently, however, several positive reports have generated the much-needed excitement surrounding stroke therapy. In this review, we describe the clinical studies that significantly expanded the time window of eligibility for patients to receive mechanical endovascular thrombectomy. We further summarize the results available thus far for nerinetide, a promising neuroprotective agent for stroke treatment. Lastly, we reflect upon aspects of these impactful trials in our own studies targeting the Kv2.1-mediated cell death pathway in neurons for neuroprotection. We argue that recent changes in the clinical landscape should be adapted by preclinical research in order to continue progressing toward the development of efficacious neuroprotective therapies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yang Yeh
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.-Y.Y.); (A.J.S.)
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Anthony J. Schulien
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.-Y.Y.); (A.J.S.)
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Bradley J. Molyneaux
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- UPMC Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.-Y.Y.); (A.J.S.)
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Kvetkina A, Leychenko E, Chausova V, Zelepuga E, Chernysheva N, Guzev K, Pislyagin E, Yurchenko E, Menchinskaya E, Aminin D, Kaluzhskiy L, Ivanov A, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, Kozlovskaya E, Isaeva M. A new multigene HCIQ subfamily from the sea anemone Heteractis crispa encodes Kunitz-peptides exhibiting neuroprotective activity against 6-hydroxydopamine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4205. [PMID: 32144281 PMCID: PMC7060258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kunitz/BPTI-type peptides are ubiquitous in numerous organisms including marine venomous animals. The peptides demonstrate various biological activities and therefore they are the subject of a number of investigations. We have discovered a new HCIQ subfamily belonging to recently described multigene HCGS family of Heteractis crispa Kunitz-peptides. The uniqueness of this subfamily is that the HCIQ precursors contain a propeptide terminating in Lys-Arg (endopeptidase cleavage site) the same as in the neuro- and cytotoxin ones. Moreover, the HCIQ genes contain two introns in contrast to HCGS genes with one intron. As a result of Sanger and amplicon deep sequencings, 24 HCIQ isoforms were revealed. The recombinant peptides for the most prevalent isoform (HCIQ2c1) and for the isoform with the rare substitution Gly17Glu (HCIQ4c7) were obtained. They can inhibit trypsin with Ki 5.2 × 10-8 M and Ki 1.9 × 10-7 M, respectively, and interact with some serine proteinases including inflammatory ones according to the SPR method. For the first time, Kunitz-peptides have shown to significantly increase neuroblastoma cell viability in an in vitro 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity model being a consequence of an effective decrease of ROS level in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kvetkina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Elena Leychenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
| | - Victoria Chausova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Elena Zelepuga
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Chernysheva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Konstantin Guzev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Evgeny Pislyagin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yurchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Dmitry Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Leonid Kaluzhskiy
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Alexis Ivanov
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Emma Kozlovskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Marina Isaeva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
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7
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Lebowitz JJ, Khoshbouei H. Heterogeneity of dopamine release sites in health and degeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104633. [PMID: 31698055 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite comprising only ~ 0.001% of all neurons in the human brain, ventral midbrain dopamine neurons exert a profound influence on human behavior and cognition. As a neuromodulator, dopamine selectively inhibits or enhances synaptic signaling to coordinate neural output for action, attention, and affect. Humans invariably lose brain dopamine during aging, and this can be exacerbated in disease states such as Parkinson's Disease. Further, it is well established in multiple disease states that cell loss is selective for a subset of highly sensitive neurons within the nigrostriatal dopamine tract. Regional differences in dopamine tone are regulated pre-synaptically, with subcircuits of projecting dopamine neurons exhibiting distinct molecular and physiological signatures. Specifically, proteins at dopamine release sites that synthesize and package cytosolic dopamine, modulate its release and reuptake, and alter neuronal excitability show regional differences that provide linkages to the observed sensitivity to neurodegeneration. The aim of this review is to outline the major components of dopamine homeostasis at neurotransmitter release sites and describe the regional differences most relevant to understanding why some, but not all, dopamine neurons exhibit heightened vulnerability to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Lebowitz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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8
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Yeh CY, Ye Z, Moutal A, Gaur S, Henton AM, Kouvaros S, Saloman JL, Hartnett-Scott KA, Tzounopoulos T, Khanna R, Aizenman E, Camacho CJ. Defining the Kv2.1-syntaxin molecular interaction identifies a first-in-class small molecule neuroprotectant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15696-15705. [PMID: 31308225 PMCID: PMC6681760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903401116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal cell death-promoting loss of cytoplasmic K+ following injury is mediated by an increase in Kv2.1 potassium channels in the plasma membrane. This phenomenon relies on Kv2.1 binding to syntaxin 1A via 9 amino acids within the channel intrinsically disordered C terminus. Preventing this interaction with a cell and blood-brain barrier-permeant peptide is neuroprotective in an in vivo stroke model. Here a rational approach was applied to define the key molecular interactions between syntaxin and Kv2.1, some of which are shared with mammalian uncoordinated-18 (munc18). Armed with this information, we found a small molecule Kv2.1-syntaxin-binding inhibitor (cpd5) that improves cortical neuron survival by suppressing SNARE-dependent enhancement of Kv2.1-mediated currents following excitotoxic injury. We validated that cpd5 selectively displaces Kv2.1-syntaxin-binding peptides from syntaxin and, at higher concentrations, munc18, but without affecting either synaptic or neuronal intrinsic properties in brain tissue slices at neuroprotective concentrations. Collectively, our findings provide insight into the role of syntaxin in neuronal cell death and validate an important target for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yang Yeh
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Zhaofeng Ye
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Shivani Gaur
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Amanda M Henton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Stylianos Kouvaros
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jami L Saloman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Karen A Hartnett-Scott
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Thanos Tzounopoulos
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Carlos J Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
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9
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Justice JA, Manjooran DT, Yeh CY, Hartnett-Scott KA, Schulien AJ, Kosobucki GJ, Mammen S, Palladino MJ, Aizenman E. Molecular Neuroprotection Induced by Zinc-Dependent Expression of Hepatitis C-Derived Protein NS5A Targeting Kv2.1 Potassium Channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:348-355. [PMID: 30190339 PMCID: PMC6193254 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.252338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the design of an innovative molecular neuroprotective strategy and provide proof-of-concept for its implementation, relying on the injury-mediated activation of an ectopic gene construct. As oxidative injury leads to the intracellular liberation of zinc, we hypothesize that tapping onto the zinc-activated metal regulatory element (MRE) transcription factor 1 system to drive expression of the Kv2.1-targeted hepatitis C protein NS5A (hepatitis C nonstructural protein 5A) will provide neuroprotection by preventing cell death-enabling cellular potassium loss in rat cortical neurons in vitro. Indeed, using biochemical and morphologic assays, we demonstrate rapid expression of MRE-driven products in neurons. Further, we report that MRE-driven NS5A expression, induced by a slowly evolving excitotoxic stimulus, functionally blocks injurious, enhanced Kv2.1 potassium whole-cell currents and improves neuronal viability. We suggest this form of "on-demand" neuroprotection could provide the basis for a tenable therapeutic strategy to prevent neuronal cell death in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Justice
- Departments of Neurobiology (J.A.J., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., E.A.) and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (D.T.M., M.J.P.) and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.A.J., D.T.M., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., M.J.P., E.A.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel T Manjooran
- Departments of Neurobiology (J.A.J., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., E.A.) and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (D.T.M., M.J.P.) and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.A.J., D.T.M., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., M.J.P., E.A.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chung-Yang Yeh
- Departments of Neurobiology (J.A.J., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., E.A.) and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (D.T.M., M.J.P.) and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.A.J., D.T.M., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., M.J.P., E.A.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen A Hartnett-Scott
- Departments of Neurobiology (J.A.J., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., E.A.) and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (D.T.M., M.J.P.) and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.A.J., D.T.M., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., M.J.P., E.A.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony J Schulien
- Departments of Neurobiology (J.A.J., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., E.A.) and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (D.T.M., M.J.P.) and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.A.J., D.T.M., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., M.J.P., E.A.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabrielle J Kosobucki
- Departments of Neurobiology (J.A.J., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., E.A.) and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (D.T.M., M.J.P.) and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.A.J., D.T.M., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., M.J.P., E.A.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shalom Mammen
- Departments of Neurobiology (J.A.J., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., E.A.) and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (D.T.M., M.J.P.) and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.A.J., D.T.M., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., M.J.P., E.A.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Palladino
- Departments of Neurobiology (J.A.J., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., E.A.) and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (D.T.M., M.J.P.) and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.A.J., D.T.M., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., M.J.P., E.A.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Departments of Neurobiology (J.A.J., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., E.A.) and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (D.T.M., M.J.P.) and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.A.J., D.T.M., C.-Y.Y., K.A.H.-S., A.J.S., G.J.K., S.M., M.J.P., E.A.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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10
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Liao Q, Li S, Siu SWI, Yang B, Huang C, Chan JYW, Morlighem JÉRL, Wong CTT, Rádis-Baptista G, Lee SMY. Novel Kunitz-like Peptides Discovered in the Zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum through Transcriptome Sequencing. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:891-902. [PMID: 29285938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Palythoa caribaeorum (class Anthozoa) is a zoanthid that together jellyfishes, hydra, and sea anemones, which are venomous and predatory, belongs to the Phyllum Cnidaria. The distinguished feature in these marine animals is the cnidocytes in the body tissues, responsible for toxin production and injection that are used majorly for prey capture and defense. With exception for other anthozoans, the toxin cocktails of zoanthids have been scarcely studied and are poorly known. Here, on the basis of the analysis of P. caribaeorum transcriptome, numerous predicted venom-featured polypeptides were identified including allergens, neurotoxins, membrane-active, and Kunitz-like peptides (PcKuz). The three predicted PcKuz isotoxins (1-3) were selected for functional studies. Through computational processing comprising structural phylogenetic analysis, molecular docking, and dynamics simulation, PcKuz3 was shown to be a potential voltage gated potassium-channel inhibitor. PcKuz3 fitted well as new functional Kunitz-type toxins with strong antilocomotor activity as in vivo assessed in zebrafish larvae, with weak inhibitory effect toward proteases, as evaluated in vitro. Notably, PcKuz3 can suppress, at low concentration, the 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity on the locomotive behavior of zebrafish, which indicated PcKuz3 may have a neuroprotective effect. Taken together, PcKuz3 figures as a novel neurotoxin structure, which differs from known homologous peptides expressed in sea anemone. Moreover, the novel PcKuz3 provides an insightful hint for biodrug development for prospective neurodegenerative disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Étienne R L Morlighem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil
| | | | - Gandhi Rádis-Baptista
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil
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11
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Fonseca-Fonseca LA, Nuñez-Figueredo Y, Sánchez JR, Guerra MW, Ochoa-Rodríguez E, Verdecia-Reyes Y, Hernádez RD, Menezes-Filho NJ, Costa TCS, de Santana WA, Oliveira JL, Segura-Aguilar J, da Silva VDA, Costa SL. KM-34, a Novel Antioxidant Compound, Protects against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Mitochondrial Damage and Neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2018; 36:279-291. [PMID: 29294239 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease is not completely understood and is believed to be multifactorial. Neuronal disorders associated to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are widely considered major consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the synthetic arylidenmalonate derivative 5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (KM-34), in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Pretreatment (2 h) with KM-34 (1 and 10 μM) markedly attenuated 6-OHDA-induced PC12 cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. KM-34 also inhibited H2O2 generation, mitochondrial swelling, and membrane potential dissipation after 6-OHDA-induced mitochondrial damage. In vivo, KM-34 treatment (1 and 2 mg/Kg) reduced percentage of asymmetry (cylinder test) and increased the vertical exploration (open field) with respect to untreated injured animals; KM-34 also reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein overexpression and increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cell number, both in substantia nigra pars compacta. These results demonstrate that KM-34 present biological effects associated to mitoprotection and neuroprotection in vitro, moreover, glial response and neuroprotection in SNpc in vivo. We suggest that KM-34 could be a putative neuroprotective agent for inhibiting the progressive neurodegenerative disease associated to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arturo Fonseca-Fonseca
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP 10600, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Yanier Nuñez-Figueredo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP 10600, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Jeney Ramírez Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP 10600, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Maylin Wong Guerra
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP 10600, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Estael Ochoa-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica. Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana (Zapata s/n entre G y Carlitos Aguirre, Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, CP 10400, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Yamila Verdecia-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica. Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana (Zapata s/n entre G y Carlitos Aguirre, Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, CP 10400, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - René Delgado Hernádez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP 10600, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Noelio J Menezes-Filho
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 41100-100, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Silva Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 41100-100, Brazil
| | - Wagno Alcântara de Santana
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 41100-100, Brazil
| | - Joana L Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 41100-100, Brazil
| | - Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 41100-100, Brazil
| | - Silva Lima Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 41100-100, Brazil.
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12
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The Kv7/KCNQ channel blocker XE991 protects nigral dopaminergic neurons in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Bull 2017; 137:132-139. [PMID: 29174294 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The excitability of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that supply the striatum with dopamine (DA) determines the function of the nigrostriatal system for motor coordination. We previously showed that 4-pyridinylmethyl-9(10H)-anthracenone (XE991), a specific blocker of Kv7/KCNQ channels, enhanced the excitability of nigral DA neurons and resulted in attenuation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy in a Parkinson's disease (PD) rat model. However, whether XE991 exhibits neuroprotective effects towards DA neuron degeneration remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Kv7/KCNQ channel blocker, XE991, on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced nigral DA neuron degeneration and motor dysfunction. Using immunofluorescence staining and western blotting, we showed that intracerebroventricular administration of XE991 prevented the 6-OHDA-induced decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons and TH protein expression in the SNc. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) also revealed that XE991 partly restored the levels of DA and its metabolites in the striatum. Moreover, XE991 decreased apomorphine (APO)-induced contralateral rotations, enhanced balance and coordination, and attenuated muscle rigidity in 6-OHDA-treated rats. Importantly, all neuroprotective effects by XE991 were abolished by co-application of Kv7/KCNQ channel opener retigabine and XE991. Thus, Kv7/KCNQ channel inhibition by XE991 can exert neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA-induced degeneration of the nigrostriatal DA system and motor dysfunction.
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Targeting a Potassium Channel/Syntaxin Interaction Ameliorates Cell Death in Ischemic Stroke. J Neurosci 2017; 37:5648-5658. [PMID: 28483976 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3811-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated K+ channel Kv2.1 has been intimately linked with neuronal apoptosis. After ischemic, oxidative, or inflammatory insults, Kv2.1 mediates a pronounced, delayed enhancement of K+ efflux, generating an optimal intracellular environment for caspase and nuclease activity, key components of programmed cell death. This apoptosis-enabling mechanism is initiated via Zn2+-dependent dual phosphorylation of Kv2.1, increasing the interaction between the channel's intracellular C-terminus domain and the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor) protein syntaxin 1A. Subsequently, an upregulation of de novo channel insertion into the plasma membrane leads to the critical enhancement of K+ efflux in damaged neurons. Here, we investigated whether a strategy designed to interfere with the cell death-facilitating properties of Kv2.1, specifically its interaction with syntaxin 1A, could lead to neuroprotection following ischemic injury in vivo The minimal syntaxin 1A-binding sequence of Kv2.1 C terminus (C1aB) was first identified via a far-Western peptide screen and used to create a protherapeutic product by conjugating C1aB to a cell-penetrating domain. The resulting peptide (TAT-C1aB) suppressed enhanced whole-cell K+ currents produced by a mutated form of Kv2.1 mimicking apoptosis in a mammalian expression system, and protected cortical neurons from slow excitotoxic injury in vitro, without influencing NMDA-induced intracellular calcium responses. Importantly, intraperitoneal administration of TAT-C1aB in mice following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion significantly reduced ischemic stroke damage and improved neurological outcome. These results provide strong evidence that targeting the proapoptotic function of Kv2.1 is an effective and highly promising neuroprotective strategy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Kv2.1 is a critical regulator of apoptosis in central neurons. It has not been determined, however, whether the cell death-enabling function of this K+ channel can be selectively targeted to improve neuronal survival following injury in vivo The experiments presented here demonstrate that the cell death-specific role of Kv2.1 can be uniquely modulated to provide neuroprotection in an animal model of acute ischemic stroke. We thus reveal a novel therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders that are accompanied by Kv2.1-facilitated forms of cell death.
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14
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Justice JA, Schulien AJ, He K, Hartnett KA, Aizenman E, Shah NH. Disruption of K V2.1 somato-dendritic clusters prevents the apoptogenic increase of potassium currents. Neuroscience 2017; 354:158-167. [PMID: 28461216 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As the predominant mediator of the delayed rectifier current, KV2.1 is an important regulator of neuronal excitability. KV2.1, however, also plays a well-established role in apoptotic cell death. Apoptogenic stimuli induce syntaxin-dependent trafficking of KV2.1, resulting in an augmented delayed rectifier current that acts as a conduit for K+ efflux required for pro-apoptotic protease/nuclease activation. Recent evidence suggests that KV2.1 somato-dendritic clusters regulate the formation of endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions that function as scaffolding sites for plasma membrane trafficking of ion channels, including KV2.1. However, it is unknown whether KV2.1 somato-dendritic clusters are required for apoptogenic trafficking of KV2.1. By overexpression of a protein derived from the C-terminus of the cognate channel KV2.2 (KV2.2CT), we induced calcineurin-independent disruption of KV2.1 somato-dendritic clusters in rat cortical neurons, without altering the electrophysiological properties of the channel. We observed that KV2.2CT-expressing neurons are less susceptible to oxidative stress-induced cell death. Critically, expression of KV2.2CT effectively blocked the increased current density of the delayed rectifier current associated with oxidative injury, supporting a vital role of KV2.1-somato-dendritic clusters in apoptogenic increases in KV2.1-mediated currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Justice
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Anthony J Schulien
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kai He
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Karen A Hartnett
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Niyathi H Shah
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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15
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Ma XL, Zhang F, Wang YX, He CC, Tian K, Wang HG, An D, Heng B, Liu YQ. Genistein inhibition of OGD-induced brain neuron death correlates with its modulation of apoptosis, voltage-gated potassium and sodium currents and glutamate signal pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 254:73-82. [PMID: 27238724 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we established an in vitro model of hypoxic-ischemia via exposing primary neurons of newborn rats to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and observing the effects of genistein, a soybean isoflavone, on hypoxic-ischemic neuron viability, apoptosis, voltage-activated potassium (Kv) and sodium (Nav) currents, and glutamate receptor subunits. The results indicated that OGD exposure reduced the viability and increased the apoptosis of brain neurons. Meanwhile, OGD exposure caused changes in the current-voltage curves and current amplitude values of voltage-activated potassium and sodium currents; OGD exposure also decreased GluR2 expression and increased NR2 expression. However, genistein at least partially reversed the effects caused by OGD. The results suggest that hypoxic-ischemia-caused neuronal apoptosis/death is related to an increase in K(+) efflux, a decrease in Na(+) influx, a down-regulation of GluR2, and an up-regulation of NR2. Genistein may exert some neuroprotective effects via the modulation of Kv and Nav currents and the glutamate signal pathway, mediated by GluR2 and NR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cong-Cong He
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kun Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Di An
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bin Heng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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16
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Haghdoost-Yazdi H, Piri H, Faraji A, Fraidouni N, Dargahi T, Mahmudi M, Alipour Heidari M. Pretreatment with potassium channel blockers of 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium attenuates behavioural symptoms of Parkinsonism induced by intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine; the role of lipid peroxidation. Neurol Res 2016; 38:294-300. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2015.1114290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Segura-Aguilar J, Kostrzewa RM. Neurotoxin mechanisms and processes relevant to Parkinson's disease: an update. Neurotox Res 2015; 27:328-54. [PMID: 25631236 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism responsible for degenerative process in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown. One major advance in this field has been the discovery of several genes associated to familial PD, including alpha synuclein, parkin, LRRK2, etc., thereby providing important insight toward basic research approaches. There is an consensus in neurodegenerative research that mitochon dria dysfunction, protein degradation dysfunction, aggregation of alpha synuclein to neurotoxic oligomers, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and neuroinflammation are involved in degeneration of the neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons that are lost in the disease. An update of the mechanisms relating to neurotoxins that are used to produce preclinical models of Parkinson´s disease is presented. 6-Hydroxydopamine, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and rotenone have been the most wisely used neurotoxins to delve into mechanisms involved in the loss of dopaminergic neurons containing neuromelanin. Neurotoxins generated from dopamine oxidation during neuromelanin formation are likewise reviewed, as this pathway replicates neurotoxin-induced cellular oxidative stress, inactivation of key proteins related to mitochondria and protein degradation dysfunction, and formation of neurotoxic aggregates of alpha synuclein. This survey of neurotoxin modeling-highlighting newer technologies and implicating a variety of processes and pathways related to mechanisms attending PD-is focused on research studies from 2012 to 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, 70000, Santiago 7, Chile,
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18
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Wang H, Qin J, Gong S, Feng B, Zhang Y, Tao J. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-mediated inhibition of A-type K(+) current induces sensory neuronal hyperexcitability through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathways, independently of Akt. Endocrinology 2014; 155:168-79. [PMID: 24080365 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although IGF-1 has been implicated in mediating hypersensitivity to pain, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We identified a novel functional of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in regulating A-type K(+) currents (IA) as well as membrane excitability in small trigeminal ganglion neurons. Our results showed that IGF-1 reversibly decreased IA, whereas the sustained delayed rectifier K(+) current was unaffected. This IGF-1-induced IA decrease was associated with a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of inactivation and was blocked by the IGF-1R antagonist PQ-401; an insulin receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor had no such effect. An small interfering RNA targeting the IGF-1R, or pretreatment of neurons with specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors abolished the IGF-1-induced IA decrease. Surprisingly, IGF-1-induced effects on IA were not regulated by Akt, a common downstream target of PI3K. The MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126, but not its inactive analog U0124, as well as the c-Raf-specific inhibitor GW5074, blocked the IGF-1-induced IA response. Analysis of phospho-ERK (p-ERK) showed that IGF-1 significantly activated ERK1/2 whereas p-JNK and p-p38 were unaffected. Moreover, the IGF-1-induced p-ERK1/2 increase was attenuated by PI3K and c-Raf inhibition, but not by Akt blockade. Functionally, we observed a significantly increased action potential firing rate induced by IGF-1; pretreatment with 4-aminopyridine abolished this effect. Taken together, our results indicate that IGF-1 attenuates IA through sequential activation of the PI3K- and c-Raf-dependent ERK1/2 signaling cascade. This occurred via the activation of IGF-1R and might contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability in small trigeminal ganglion neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology (H.W., S.G., J.T.), Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Neuroscience & Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital (J.Q., S.G., Y.Z., J.T.), Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; and Department of Endocrinology (H.W., B.F.), East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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19
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Shah NH, Aizenman E. Voltage-gated potassium channels at the crossroads of neuronal function, ischemic tolerance, and neurodegeneration. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 5:38-58. [PMID: 24323720 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system and are crucial mediators of neuronal excitability. Importantly, these channels also actively participate in cellular and molecular signaling pathways that regulate the life and death of neurons. Injury-mediated increased K(+) efflux through Kv2.1 channels promotes neuronal apoptosis, contributing to widespread neuronal loss in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke. In contrast, some forms of neuronal activity can dramatically alter Kv2.1 channel phosphorylation levels and influence their localization. These changes are normally accompanied by modifications in channel voltage dependence, which may be neuroprotective within the context of ischemic injury. Kv1 and Kv7 channel dysfunction leads to neuronal hyperexcitability that critically contributes to the pathophysiology of human clinical disorders such as episodic ataxia and epilepsy. This review summarizes the neurotoxic, neuroprotective, and neuroregulatory roles of Kv channels and highlights the consequences of Kv channel dysfunction on neuronal physiology. The studies described in this review thus underscore the importance of normal Kv channel function in neurons and emphasize the therapeutic potential of targeting Kv channels in the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyathi Hegde Shah
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, E1456 BST, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA,
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20
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Villa M, Muñoz P, Ahumada-Castro U, Paris I, Jiménez A, Martínez I, Sevilla F, Segura-Aguilar J. One-electron reduction of 6-hydroxydopamine quinone is essential in 6-hydroxydopamine neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2013; 24:94-101. [PMID: 23385626 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
6-Hydroxydamine has widely been used as neurotoxin in preclinical studies related on the neurodegenerative process of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease based on its ability to be neurotoxic as a consequence of free radical formation during its auto-oxidation to topaminequinone. We report that 50-µM 6-hydroxydopamine is not neurotoxic in RCSN-3 cells derived from substantia nigra incubated during 24 h contrasting with a significant sixfold increase in cell death (16 ± 2 %; P < 0.001) was observed in RCSN-3NQ7 cells expressing a siRNA against DT-diaphorase that silence the enzyme expression. To observe a significant cell death in RCSN-3 cells induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (24 ± 1 %; P < 0.01), we have to increase the concentration to 250 μm while a 45 ± 2 % cell death (P < 0.001) was observed at this concentration in RCSN-3NQ7 cells. The cell death induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in RCSN-3NQ7 cells was accompanied with a (i) significant increase in oxygen consumption (P < 0.01), (ii) depletion of reduced glutathione and (iii) a significant decrease in ATP level (P < 0.05) in comparison with RCSN-3 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that one-electron reduction of 6-hydroxydopamine quinone seems to be the main reaction responsible for 6-hydroxydopamine neurotoxic effects in dopaminergic neurons and DT-diaphorase seems to play an important neuroprotective role by preventing one-electron reduction of topaminequinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Villa
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Abstract
Our understanding of the roles played by zinc in the physiological and pathological functioning of the brain is rapidly expanding. The increased availability of genetically modified animal models, selective zinc-sensitive fluorescent probes, and novel chelators is producing a remarkable body of exciting new data that clearly establishes this metal ion as a key modulator of intracellular and intercellular neuronal signaling. In this Mini-Symposium, we will review and discuss the most recent findings that link zinc to synaptic function as well as the injurious effects of zinc dyshomeostasis within the context of neuronal death associated with major human neurological disorders, including stroke, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease.
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22
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Martinez-Finley EJ, Chakraborty S, Caito S, Fretham S, Aschner M. C. elegans and Neurodegeneration In Caenorhabditis Elegans: Anatomy, Life Cycles and Biological Functions. ADVANCES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 44:1-46. [PMID: 32346495 PMCID: PMC7188451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebany J. Martinez-Finley
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sam Caito
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephanie Fretham
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael Aschner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- The Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Neuroprotective effects of human mesenchymal stem cells on neural cultures exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine: implications for reparative therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Apoptosis 2011; 17:289-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Ferreira NR, Mitkovski M, Stühmer W, Pardo LA, Del Bel EA. Ether-à-go-go 1 (Eag1) Potassium Channel Expression in Dopaminergic Neurons of Basal Ganglia is Modulated by 6-Hydroxydopamine Lesion. Neurotox Res 2011; 21:317-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Chen L, Liu J, Xu C, Keblesh J, Zang W, Xiong H. HIV-1gp120 induces neuronal apoptosis through enhancement of 4-aminopyridine-senstive outward K+ currents. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25994. [PMID: 22016798 PMCID: PMC3189248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia (HAD) usually occurs late in the course of HIV-1 infection and the mechanisms underlying HAD pathogenesis are not well understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that neuronal voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels play an important role in memory processes and acquired neuronal channelopathies in HAD. To examine whether Kv channels are involved in HIV-1-associated neuronal injury, we studied the effects of HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 (gp120) on outward K+ currents in rat cortical neuronal cultures using whole-cell patch techniques. Exposure of cortical neurons to gp120 produced a dose-dependent enhancement of A-type transient outward K+ currents (IA). The gp120-induced increase of IA was attenuated by T140, a specific antagonist for chemokine receptor CXCR4, suggesting gp120 enhancement of neuronal IA via CXCR4. Pretreatment of neuronal cultures with a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, GF109203X, inhibited the gp120-induced increase of IA. Biological significance of gp120 enhancement of IA was demonstrated by experimental results showing that gp120-induced neuronal apoptosis, as detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and caspase-3 staining, was attenuated by either an IA blocker 4-aminopyridine or a specific CXCR4 antagonist T140. Taken together, these results suggest that gp120 may induce caspase-3 dependent neuronal apoptosis by enhancing IA via CXCR4-PKC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chen
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianuo Liu
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Changshui Xu
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - James Keblesh
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hara H, Kamiya T, Adachi T. Endoplasmic reticulum stress inducers provide protection against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cytotoxicity. Neurochem Int 2010; 58:35-43. [PMID: 20974203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a neurotoxin used to establish experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Exposure to 6-OHDA results in cell death associated with oxidative stress. Pretreatments with sublethal oxidative stress and some pharmacological drugs have been shown to exert preconditioning effects on cytotoxicity caused by 6-OHDA. In this study, we investigated whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress exerts preconditioning effects on 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment with ER stress inducers, thapsigargin (Tg) and tunicamycin (Tm), promoted GRP78 mRNA induction and ATF4 translation, which are ER stress markers, under our experimental conditions and protected against the cytotoxicity. The protective effect of Tg was more potent than that of Tm. We also found that Tg induced the expression of the antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas Tm had a weak effect on HO-1 induction. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that reactive oxygen species generated by 6-OHDA were more effectively suppressed in cells pretreated with Tg than with Tm. Therefore, it is likely that Tg enhances antioxidative defenses in SH-SY5Y cells compared with Tm. Because actinomycin D inhibited HO-1 induction by Tg, the induction of HO-1 may be regulated at the transcriptional level. Moreover, the specific eIF2α phosphatase inhibitor salubrinal augmented Tg-induced HO-1 expression. Therefore, the downstream signaling pathway of eIF2α might be involved in Tg-induced HO-1 expression. On the other hand, the reporter assay revealed that Tg stimulated the antioxidant response element (ARE) that is located in regulatory regions of antioxidant genes such as HO-1. Taken together, our data suggest that preconditioning effects induced by Tg mediate an adaptive response to 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity via phosphorylation of eIF2α and activation of the ARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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Hagenacker T, Hillebrand I, Büsselberg D, Schäfers M. Myricetin reduces voltage activated potassium channel currents in DRG neurons by a p38 dependent mechanism. Brain Res Bull 2010; 83:292-6. [PMID: 20655989 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myricetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid known for its anti-neoplastic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Currently, potential analgesic effects are proposed for several animal models of acute and chronic pain. Pilot studies show a flavonoid-induced modulation of intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) as p38 and interactions with voltage activated potassium channel currents (I(K(V))). The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying modulation of I(K(V)) and the influence of MAPK phosphorylation in an in vitro cell model. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons were performed and I(K(V)) isolated. I(K(V)) were concentration-dependently reduced by myricetin (1-75μM myricetin; reduction range 18-78%) with no voltage dependency (-80 to +60mV). The reduction of I(K(V)) was enhanced by blocking p38 with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 (40±20% without SB203580 vs. 62±5% with 5μM SB203580 or 83±7% with 10μM SB203580), but abolished by activation of p38 using anisomycin (40±20% without anisomycin vs. 0.73±17% with 5μM anisomycin). We conclude that myricetin reduces I(K(V)) by p38 dependent mechanisms in sensory neurons. Since a reduction of I(K(V)) rather increases neuronal excitability, it is unlikely that this effect of myricetin contributes to its analgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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28
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Arylbenzazepines are potent modulators for the delayed rectifier K+ channel: a potential mechanism for their neuroprotective effects. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5811. [PMID: 19503734 PMCID: PMC2690691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(+/-) SKF83959, like many other arylbenzazepines, elicits powerful neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. The neuroprotective action of the compound was found to partially depend on its D(1)-like dopamine receptor agonistic activity. The precise mechanism for the (+/-) SKF83959-mediated neuroprotection remains elusive. We report here that (+/-) SKF83959 is a potent blocker for delayed rectifier K(+) channel. (+/-) SKF83959 inhibited the delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(K)) dose-dependently in rat hippocampal neurons. The IC(50) value for inhibition of I(K) was 41.9+/-2.3 microM (Hill coefficient = 1.81+/-0.13, n = 6), whereas that for inhibition of I(A) was 307.9+/-38.5 microM (Hill coefficient = 1.37+/-0.08, n = 6). Thus, (+/-) SKF83959 is 7.3-fold more potent in suppressing I(K) than I(A). Moreover, the inhibition of I(K) by (+/-) SKF83959 was voltage-dependent and not related to dopamine receptors. The rapidly onset of inhibition and recovery suggests that the inhibition resulted from a direct interaction of (+/-) SKF83959 with the K(+) channel. The intracellular application of (+/-) SKF83959 had no effects of on I(K), indicating that the compound most likely acts at the outer mouth of the pore of K(+) channel. We also tested the enantiomers of (+/-) SKF83959, R-(+) SKF83959 (MCL-201), and S-(-) SKF83959 (MCL-202), as well as SKF38393; all these compounds inhibited I(K). However, (+/-) SKF83959, at either 0.1 or 1 mM, exhibited the strongest inhibition on the currents among all tested drug. The present findings not only revealed a new potent blocker of I(K) , but also provided a novel mechanism for the neuroprotective action of arylbenzazepines such as (+/-) SKF83959.
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29
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Shi L, Song N, Jiang H, Wang J, Ma Z, Xie J. Potassium channels are involved in zinc-induced apoptosis in MES23.5 cells. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:514-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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30
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Rollo CD. Dopamine and Aging: Intersecting Facets. Neurochem Res 2008; 34:601-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Wang Y, Yang PL, Tang JF, Lin JF, Cai XH, Wang XT, Zheng GQ. Potassium channels: possible new therapeutic targets in Parkinson's disease. Med Hypotheses 2008; 71:546-50. [PMID: 18650029 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2008] [Revised: 05/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and still remains incurable. New targets for potential pharmacological intervention should be explored and evaluated in order to slow down, delay or reverse the progress of this disease, and/or to avoid the serious side effects of levodopa praeparatum. Potassium (K+) channels widely express in basal ganglia and play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of PD, thereby raising their therapeutic application. Based on data from some pilot studies, we propose that K+ channels may provide possible new therapeutic targets for slowing down the progressive loss of dopamine neurons in PD. The most promising targets of K+ channels, including Kv, KATP, Kir, SK, and K2P channels, etc. deserve further pursuit for making comprehensive use of their novel therapeutic potential. Attempts to confirm this hypothesis may lead to new therapeutic strategy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 325027 Wenzhou, China
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Jessica Chen M, Sepramaniam S, Armugam A, Shyan Choy M, Manikandan J, Melendez AJ, Jeyaseelan K, Sang Cheung N. Water and ion channels: crucial in the initiation and progression of apoptosis in central nervous system? Curr Neuropharmacol 2008; 6:102-16. [PMID: 19305791 PMCID: PMC2647147 DOI: 10.2174/157015908784533879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD), is a highly regulated and sophisticated cellular mechanism that commits cell to isolated death fate. PCD has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Countless molecular events underlie this phenomenon, with each playing a crucial role in death commitment. A precedent event, apoptotic volume decrease (AVD), is ubiquitously observed in various forms of PCD induced by different cellular insults. Under physiological conditions, cells when subjected to osmotic fluctuations will undergo regulatory volume increase/decrease (RVI/RVD) to achieve homeostatic balance with neurons in the brain being additionally protected by the blood-brain-barrier. However, during AVD following apoptotic trigger, cell undergoes anistonic shrinkage that involves the loss of water and ions, particularly monovalent ions e.g. K(+), Na(+) and Cl(-). It is worthwhile to concentrate on the molecular implications underlying the loss of these cellular components which posed to be significant and crucial in the successful propagation of the apoptotic signals. Microarray and real-time PCR analyses demonstrated several ion and water channel genes are regulated upon the onset of lactacystin (a proteosomal inhibitor)-mediated apoptosis. A time course study revealed that gene expressions of water and ion channels are being modulated just prior to apoptosis, some of which are aquaporin 4 and 9, potassium channels and chloride channels. In this review, we shall looked into the molecular protein machineries involved in the execution of AVD in the central nervous system (CNS), and focus on the significance of movements of each cellular component in affecting PCD commitment, thus provide some pharmacological advantages in the global apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Jessica Chen
- Departments of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Sugunavathi Sepramaniam
- Departments of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Arunmozhiarasi Armugam
- Departments of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Meng Shyan Choy
- Departments of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jayapal Manikandan
- Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Alirio J Melendez
- Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Kandiah Jeyaseelan
- Departments of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Nam Sang Cheung
- Departments of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Knoch ME, Hartnett KA, Hara H, Kandler K, Aizenman E. Microglia induce neurotoxicity via intraneuronal Zn(2+) release and a K(+) current surge. Glia 2008; 56:89-96. [PMID: 17955552 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells are critical components of the injurious cascade in a large number of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which microglia mediate neuronal cell death have not been fully delineated. We report here that reactive species released from activated microglia induce the liberation of Zn(2+) from intracellular stores in cultured cortical neurons, with a subsequent enhancement in neuronal voltage-gated K(+) currents, two events that have been intimately linked to apoptosis. Both the intraneuronal Zn(2+) release and the K(+) current surge could be prevented by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, the free radical scavenging mixture of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as by 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato iron(III) chloride. The enhancement of K(+) currents was prevented by neuronal overexpression of metallothionein III or by expression of a dominant negative (DN) vector for the upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 (ASK-1). Importantly, neurons overexpressing metallothionein-III or transfected with DN vectors for ASK-1 or Kv2.1-encoded K(+) channels were resistant to microglial-induced toxicity. These results establish a direct link between microglial-generated oxygen and nitrogen reactive products and neuronal cell death mediated by intracellular Zn(2+) release and a surge in K(+) currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Knoch
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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34
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Aminochrome as a preclinical experimental model to study degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. Neurotox Res 2007; 12:125-34. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03033921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Redman PT, He K, Hartnett KA, Jefferson BS, Hu L, Rosenberg PA, Levitan ES, Aizenman E. Apoptotic surge of potassium currents is mediated by p38 phosphorylation of Kv2.1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:3568-73. [PMID: 17360683 PMCID: PMC1805571 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610159104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kv2.1, the primary delayed rectifying potassium channel in neurons, is extensively regulated by phosphorylation. Previous reports have described Kv2.1 phosphorylation events affecting channel gating and the impact of this process on cellular excitability. Kv2.1, however, also provides the critical exit route for potassium ions during neuronal apoptosis via p38 MAPK-dependent membrane insertion, resulting in a pronounced enhancement of K(+) currents. Here, electrophysiological and viability studies using Kv2.1 channel mutants identify a p38 phosphorylation site at Ser-800 (S800) that is required for Kv2.1 membrane insertion, K(+) current surge, and cell death. In addition, a phospho-specific antibody for S800 detects a p38-dependent increase in Kv2.1 phosphorylation in apoptotic neurons and reveals phosphorylation of S800 in immunopurified channels incubated with active p38. Consequently, phosphorylation of Kv2.1 residue S800 by p38 leads to trafficking and membrane insertion during apoptosis, and remarkably, the absence of S800 phosphorylation is sufficient to prevent completion of the cell death program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai He
- Departments of *Neurobiology and
| | | | | | - Linda Hu
- Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Paul A. Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Edwin S. Levitan
- Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Departments of *Neurobiology and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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36
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Bortner CD, Cidlowski JA. Cell shrinkage and monovalent cation fluxes: role in apoptosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 462:176-88. [PMID: 17321483 PMCID: PMC1941616 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The loss of cell volume or cell shrinkage has been a morphological hallmark of the programmed cell death process known as apoptosis. This isotonic loss of cell volume has recently been term apoptotic volume decrease or AVD to distinguish it from inherent volume regulatory responses that occurs in cells under anisotonic conditions. Recent studies examining the intracellular signaling pathways that result in this unique cellular characteristic have determined that a fundamental movement of ions, particularly monovalent ions, underlie the AVD process and plays an important role on controlling the cell death process. An efflux of intracellular potassium was shown to be a critical aspect of the AVD process, as preventing this ion loss could protect cells from apoptosis. However, potassium plays a complex role as a loss of intracellular potassium has also been shown to be beneficial to the health of the cell. Additionally, the mechanisms that a cell employs to achieve this loss of intracellular potassium vary depending on the cell type and stimulus used to induce apoptosis, suggesting multiple ways exist to accomplish the same goal of AVD. Additionally, sodium and chloride have been shown to play a vital role during cell death in both the signaling and control of AVD in various apoptotic model systems. This review examines the relationship between this morphological change and intracellular monovalent ions during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Bortner
- The Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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