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Castillo-Vazquez SK, Massieu L, Rincón-Heredia R, García-de la Torre P, Quiroz-Baez R, Gomez-Verjan JC, Rivero-Segura NA. Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Potential Target to Improve Cognitive Impairment in Aging. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103039. [PMID: 38981341 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the decline in many of the individual's capabilities. It has been recognized that the brain undergoes structural and functional changes during aging that are occasionally associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this sense, altered glutamatergic neurotransmission, which involves the release, binding, reuptake, and degradation of glutamate (Glu) in the brain, has been widely studied in physiological and pathophysiological aging. In particular, changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission are exacerbated during neurodegenerative diseases and are associated with cognitive impairment, characterized by difficulties in memory, learning, concentration, and decision-making. Thus, in the present manuscript, we aim to highlight the relevance of glutamatergic neurotransmission during cognitive impairment to develop novel strategies to prevent, ameliorate, or delay cognitive decline. To achieve this goal, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes reported in glutamatergic neurotransmission components, such as Glu transporters and receptors during physiological aging and in the most studied neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we describe the current therapeutic strategies developed to target glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Karime Castillo-Vazquez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Massieu
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Unidad de Imagenología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola García-de la Torre
- 4 Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Área de Envejecimiento, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City Mexico
| | - Ricardo Quiroz-Baez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
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Alasmari MS, Almohammed OA, Hammad AM, Altulayhi KA, Alkadi BK, Alasmari AF, Alqahtani F, Sari Y, Alasmari F. Effects of Beta Lactams on Behavioral Outcomes of Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Neuroscience 2024; 537:58-83. [PMID: 38036059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preclinical studies demonstrated that beta-lactams have neuroprotective effects in conditions involving glutamate neuroexcitotoxicity, including substance use disorders (SUDs). This meta-analysis aims to analyze the existing evidences on the effects of beta-lactams as glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) upregulators in animal models of SUDs, identification of gaps in the literature, and setting the stage for potential translation into clinical phases. METHODS Meta-analysis was conducted on preclinical studies retrieved systematically from MEDLINE and ScienceDirect databases. Abused substances were identified by refereeing to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The results were quantitatively described with a focus on the behavioral outcomes. Treatment effect sizes were described using standardized mean difference, and they were pooled using random effect model. I2-statistic was used to assess heterogeneity, and Funnel plot and Egger's test were used for assessment of publication bias. RESULTS Literature search yielded a total of 71 studies that were eligible to be included in the analysis. Through these studies, the effects of beta-lactams were evaluated in animal models of nicotine, cannabis, amphetamines, synthetic cathinone, opioids, ethanol, and cocaine use disorders as well as steroids-related aggressive behaviors. Meta-analysis showed that treatments with beta-lactams consistently reduced the pooled undesired effects of the abused substances in several paradigms, including drug-self administration, conditioned place preference, drug seeking behaviors, hyperlocomotion, withdrawal syndromes, tolerance to analgesic effects, hyperalgesia, and hyperthermia. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed that enhancing GLT-1 expression in the brain through beta-lactams seemed to be a promising treatment approach in the context of substance use disorders, as indicated by results in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Almohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa M Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Khalid A Altulayhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader K Alkadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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Esmaili-Shahzade-Ali-Akbari P, Ghaderi A, Hosseini SMM, Nejat F, Saeedi-Mofrad M, Karimi-Houyeh M, Ghattan A, Etemadi A, Rasoulian E, Khezri A. β_lactam antibiotics against drug addiction: A novel therapeutic option. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1411-1426. [PMID: 37602907 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction as a problem for the health of the individual and the society is the result of a complex process in which there is an interaction between brain nuclei and neurotransmitters (such as glutamate). β-lactam antibiotics, due to their enhancing properties on the glutamate transporter glutamate transporter-1, can affect and counteract the addictive mechanisms of drugs through the regulation of extracellular glutamate. Since glutamate is a key neurotransmitter in the development of drug addiction, it seems that β-lactams can be considered as a promising treatment for addiction. However, more research in this field is necessary to identify other mechanisms involved in their effectiveness. This article is a review of the studies conducted on the effect of β-lactam administration in preventing the development of drug addiction, as well as their possible cellular and molecular mechanisms. This review suggests the clinical use of β-lactam antibiotics that have weak antimicrobial properties (such as clavulanic acid) in the treatment of drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Nejat
- Department of Biology and Health Sciences, Meredith College, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Alireza Ghattan
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirreza Etemadi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elham Rasoulian
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arina Khezri
- Department of Anesthesia, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bhatnagar A, Parmar V, Barbieri N, Bearoff F, Elefant F, Kortagere S. Novel EAAT2 activators improve motor and cognitive impairment in a transgenic model of Huntington's disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1176777. [PMID: 37351153 PMCID: PMC10282606 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1176777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glutamate excitotoxicity is causal in striatal neurodegeneration underlying motor dysfunction and cognitive deficits in Huntington's disease (HD). Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), the predominant glutamate transporter accounting for >90% of glutamate transport, plays a key role in preventing excitotoxicity by clearing excess glutamate from the intrasynaptic cleft. Accordingly, EAAT2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for prevention of neuronal excitotoxicity underlying HD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Methods We have previously designed novel EAAT2 positive allosteric modulator GT951, GTS467, and GTS551, with low nanomolar efficacy in glutamate uptake and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. In this study, we test the neuroprotective abilities of these novel EAAT2 activators in vivo using the robust Drosophila HD transgenic model expressing human huntingtin gene with expanded repeats (Htt128Q). Results All three compounds significantly restored motor function impaired under HD pathology over a wide dose range. Additionally, treatment with all three compounds significantly improved HD-associated olfactory associative learning and short-term memory defects, while GT951 and GTS551 also improved middle-term memory in low-performing group. Similarly, treatment with GT951 and GTS551 partially protected against early mortality observed in our HD model. Further, treatment with all three EAAT2 activators induced epigenetic expression of EAAT2 Drosophila homolog and several cognition-associated genes. Conclusion Together, these results highlight the efficacy of GT951, GTS467 and GTS551 in treating motor and cognitive impairments under HD pathology and support their development for treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Bhatnagar
- Department of Biology, Papadakis Integrated Sciences Building, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Visha Parmar
- Department of Biology, Papadakis Integrated Sciences Building, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas Barbieri
- Department of Biology, Papadakis Integrated Sciences Building, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Frank Bearoff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Felice Elefant
- Department of Biology, Papadakis Integrated Sciences Building, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sandhya Kortagere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Rodríguez-Giraldo M, González-Reyes RE, Ramírez-Guerrero S, Bonilla-Trilleras CE, Guardo-Maya S, Nava-Mesa MO. Astrocytes as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease-Comprehensive Review and Recent Developments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13630. [PMID: 36362415 PMCID: PMC9654484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a frequent and disabling neurodegenerative disorder, in which astrocytes participate in several pathophysiological processes including neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism (along with a critical role in apolipoprotein E function). Current evidence shows that astrocytes have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects depending on the disease stage and microenvironmental factors. Furthermore, astrocytes appear to be affected by the presence of amyloid-beta (Aβ), with alterations in calcium levels, gliotransmission and proinflammatory activity via RAGE-NF-κB pathway. In addition, astrocytes play an important role in the metabolism of tau and clearance of Aβ through the glymphatic system. In this review, we will discuss novel pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments focused on astrocytes as therapeutic targets for AD. These interventions include effects on anti-inflammatory/antioxidant systems, glutamate activity, lipid metabolism, neurovascular coupling and glymphatic system, calcium dysregulation, and in the release of peptides which affects glial and neuronal function. According to the AD stage, these therapies may be of benefit in either preventing or delaying the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauricio O. Nava-Mesa
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencias Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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Humble J, Kozloski JR. Cannabinoid signaling and risk in Huntington's disease. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:903947. [PMID: 36118134 PMCID: PMC9479462 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.903947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling and the loss of cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) are important phenotypes of Huntington's disease (HD) but the precise contribution that eCB signaling has at the circuit level is unknown. Using a computational model of spiking neurons, synapses, and eCB signaling, we demonstrate that eCB signaling functions as a homeostatic control mechanism, minimizing excess glutamate. Furthermore, our model demonstrates that metabolic risk, quantified by excess glutamate, increases with cortico-striatal long-term depression (LTD) and/or increased cortico-striatal activity, and replicates a progressive loss of cannabinoid receptors on inhibitory terminals as a function of the excitatory/inhibitory ratio.
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Abulseoud OA, Alasmari F, Hussein AM, Sari Y. Ceftriaxone as a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Hyperglutamatergic States: Bridging the Gap Between Preclinical Results and Clinical Translation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:841036. [PMID: 35864981 PMCID: PMC9294323 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.841036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glutamate homeostasis is a well-established core feature of neuropsychiatric disorders. Extracellular glutamate concentration is regulated by glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1). The discovery of a beta-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone (CEF), as a safe compound with unique ability to upregulate GLT-1 sparked the interest in testing its efficacy as a novel therapeutic agent in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders with hyperglutamatergic states. Indeed, more than 100 preclinical studies have shown the efficacy of CEF in attenuating the behavioral manifestations of various hyperglutamatergic brain disorders such as ischemic stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), seizure, Huntington’s disease, and various aspects of drug use disorders. However, despite rich and promising preclinical data, only one large-scale clinical trial testing the efficacy of CEF in patients with ALS is reported. Unfortunately, in that study, there was no significant difference in survival between placebo- and CEF-treated patients. In this review, we discussed the translational potential of preclinical efficacy of CEF based on four different parameters: (1) initiation of CEF treatment in relation to induction of the hyperglutamatergic state, (2) onset of response in preclinical models in relation to onset of GLT-1 upregulation, (3) mechanisms of action of CEF on GLT-1 expression and function, and (4) non-GLT-1-mediated mechanisms for CEF. Our detailed review of the literature brings new insights into underlying molecular mechanisms correlating the preclinical efficacy of CEF. We concluded here that CEF may be clinically effective in selected cases in acute and transient hyperglutamatergic states such as early drug withdrawal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A. Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Alex School of Medicine at Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Osama A. Abulseoud,
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaziz M. Hussein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Youssef Sari,
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Saba J, Couselo FL, Bruno J, Carniglia L, Durand D, Lasaga M, Caruso C. Neuroinflammation in Huntington's Disease: A Starring Role for Astrocyte and Microglia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1116-1143. [PMID: 34852742 PMCID: PMC9886821 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211201094608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. HD causes motor, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunction. Since no existing treatment affects the course of this disease, new treatments are needed. Inflammation is frequently observed in HD patients before symptom onset. Neuroinflammation, characterized by the presence of reactive microglia, astrocytes and inflammatory factors within the brain, is also detected early. However, in comparison to other neurodegenerative diseases, the role of neuroinflammation in HD is much less known. Work has been dedicated to altered microglial and astrocytic functions in the context of HD, but less attention has been given to glial participation in neuroinflammation. This review describes evidence of inflammation in HD patients and animal models. It also discusses recent knowledge on neuroinflammation in HD, highlighting astrocyte and microglia involvement in the disease and considering anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Saba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico López Couselo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Bruno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lila Carniglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Durand
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lasaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Caruso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Address correspondence to this author at the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 10, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel: +54 11 5285 3380; E-mail:
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Kacher R, Mounier C, Caboche J, Betuing S. Altered Cholesterol Homeostasis in Huntington’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:797220. [PMID: 35517051 PMCID: PMC9063567 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.797220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by an expansion of the CAG repeat in the first exon of Huntingtin’s gene. The associated neurodegeneration mainly affects the striatum and the cortex at early stages and progressively spreads to other brain structures. Targeting HD at its earlier stages is under intense investigation. Numerous drugs were tested, with a rate of success of only 3.5% approved molecules used as symptomatic treatment. The restoration of cholesterol metabolism, which is central to the brain homeostasis and strongly altered in HD, could be an interesting disease-modifying strategy. Cholesterol is an essential membrane component in the central nervous system (CNS); alterations of its homeostasis have deleterious consequences on neuronal functions. The levels of several sterols, upstream of cholesterol, are markedly decreased within the striatum of HD mouse model. Transcription of cholesterol biosynthetic genes is reduced in HD cell and mouse models as well as post-mortem striatal and cortical tissues from HD patients. Since the dynamic of brain cholesterol metabolism is complex, it is essential to establish the best method to target it in HD. Cholesterol, which does not cross the blood-brain-barrier, is locally synthesized and renewed within the brain. All cell types in the CNS synthesize cholesterol during development but as they progress through adulthood, neurons down-regulate their cholesterol synthesis and turn to astrocytes for their full supply. Cellular levels of cholesterol reflect the dynamic balance between synthesis, uptake and export, all integrated into the context of the cross talk between neurons and glial cells. In this review, we describe the latest advances regarding the role of cholesterol deregulation in neuronal functions and how this could be a determinant factor in neuronal degeneration and HD progression. The pathways and major mechanisms by which cholesterol and sterols are regulated in the CNS will be described. From this overview, we discuss the main clinical strategies for manipulating cholesterol metabolism in the CNS, and how to reinstate a proper balance in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhia Kacher
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Coline Mounier
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Paris, France
- U1130, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Paris, France
- U1130, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Betuing
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Paris, France
- U1130, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Sandrine Betuing,
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Philogene-Khalid HL, Morrison MF, Darbinian N, Selzer ME, Schroeder J, Rawls SM. The GLT-1 enhancer clavulanic acid suppresses cocaine place preference behavior and reduces GCPII activity and protein levels in the rat nucleus accumbens. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109306. [PMID: 35051699 PMCID: PMC8885893 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The β-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone (CTX) is a glutamate transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1) enhancer that reduces cocaine reinforcing efficacy and relapse in rats, but pharmacokinetic liabilities limit translational utility. An attractive alternative is clavulanic acid (CLAV), a structurally related β-lactamase inhibitor and component of FDA-approved Augmentin. CLAV retains the GLT-1 enhancing effects of CTX but displays greater oral bioavailability, brain penetrability and negligible antibacterial activity. CLAV reduces morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) and ethanol consumption in rats, but knowledge about the efficacy of CLAV in preclinical models of drug addiction remains sparse. Here, we investigated effects of CLAV (10 mg/kg, IP) on the acquisition, expression, and maintenance of cocaine CPP in rats, and on two glutamate biomarkers associated with cocaine dependence, GLT-1 and glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII). CLAV administered during cocaine conditioning (10 mg/kg, IP x 4 d) did not affect the development of cocaine CPP. However, a single CLAV injection, administered after the conditioning phase, reduced the expression of cocaine CPP. In rats with established cocaine preference, repeated CLAV administration facilitated extinction of cocaine CPP. In the nucleus accumbens, acute CLAV exposure reduced GCPII protein levels and activity, and a 10-d CLAV treatment regimen enhanced GLT-1 levels. These results suggest that CLAV reduces expression and maintenance of cocaine CPP but lacks effect against development of CPP. Moreover, the ability of a single injection of CLAV to reduce both GCPII activity and protein levels, as well as expression of cocaine CPP, points toward studying GCPII as a therapeutic target of CLAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene L. Philogene-Khalid
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, Medical Arts Building Suite 305, Temple University, 100 East Lehigh Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19125-1012, United States.
| | - Mary F. Morrison
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nune Darbinian
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael E. Selzer
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Schroeder
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Connecticut College, New London, CT, USA
| | - Scott M. Rawls
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Rebec GV, Koceja DM, Bunner KD. Measuring Movement in Health and Disease. Brain Res Bull 2022; 181:167-174. [PMID: 35122899 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating and quantifying the many aspects of movement -- from open-field locomotion and stepping patterns in rodent models to stride trajectory and postural sway in human patients -- are key to understanding brain function. Various experimental approaches have been used in applying these lines of research to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disease. Although valuable, data on movement are often limited by the shortcomings inherent in the data collection process itself. Steve Fowler and his research group have been instrumental in pioneering a technology that both minimizes these pitfalls in studies of rodent behavior and has applications to research on human patients. At the center of this technology is the force-plate actometer, developed by the Fowler group to assess multiple aspects of movement in rodent models. Our review highlights how use of the actometer and related behavioral measurements provides valuable insight into Huntington's disease (HD), an autosomal dominant condition of progressively deteriorating behavioral control. HD typically emerges in mid-life and has been replicated in multiple genetically engineered mouse models. The actometer also can be a valuable addition to cutting-edge neuronal and synaptic technologies that are now increasingly applied to studies of behaving animals. In short, the impact of the Fowler contribution to the neuroscience of movement is both meaningful and ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- George V Rebec
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
| | - David M Koceja
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Kendra D Bunner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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12
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Neuroprotective Effect of Ceftriaxone on MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model by Regulating Inflammation and Intestinal Microbiota. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9424582. [PMID: 34938384 PMCID: PMC8687851 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9424582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Although some drugs can alleviate the progress of PD, their long-term use will lead to complications, so it is still necessary to find new drugs to delay or cure PD effectively. In view of the difficulty in developing new drugs, it is imperative to discover new functions of existing compounds that could be used to treat PD. In this study, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used to induce PD symptoms in a mouse model. Subsequently, these mice were treated with the antibiotic ceftriaxone. Ceftriaxone alleviated the behavioural and neuropathological changes induced by MPTP, downregulated the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionised calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) as markers of astroglia and microglia, respectively, and reduced the expression of neuroinflammation-related Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (p-NF-κB)/NF-κB in the brain of PD mice. In addition, ceftriaxone reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria of the genus Proteus and increased the abundance of probiotic Akkermansia. Finally, ceftriaxone treatment increased the expression of the tight junction proteins zona occludens-1(ZO-1) and occludin in the colon, decreased the expression of the inflammation-related proteins TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the colon, and decreased the serum concentration of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These results indicate that ceftriaxone had a neuroprotective effect on MPTP-induced PD mice, and its neuroprotective effect could be through regulating inflammation and intestinal microbiota. While we showed that ceftriaxone exerts a neuroprotective effect in an MPTP-induced PD mouse model, our findings are limited to the short-term effects of ceftriaxone. Additional work using transgenic mice is required to determine the long-term effects of ceftriaxone. In addition, the dose and frequency of ceftriaxone use should be evaluated.
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13
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Valori CF, Possenti A, Brambilla L, Rossi D. Challenges and Opportunities of Targeting Astrocytes to Halt Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082019. [PMID: 34440788 PMCID: PMC8395029 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders whose incidence is likely to duplicate in the next 30 years along with the progressive aging of the western population. Non-cell-specific therapeutics or therapeutics designed to tackle aberrant pathways within neurons failed to slow down or halt neurodegeneration. Yet, in the last few years, our knowledge of the importance of glial cells to maintain the central nervous system homeostasis in health conditions has increased exponentially, along with our awareness of their fundamental and multifaced role in pathological conditions. Among glial cells, astrocytes emerge as promising therapeutic targets in various neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we present the latest evidence showing the astonishing level of specialization that astrocytes display to fulfill the demands of their neuronal partners as well as their plasticity upon injury. Then, we discuss the controversies that fuel the current debate on these cells. We tackle evidence of a potential beneficial effect of cell therapy, achieved by transplanting astrocytes or their precursors. Afterwards, we introduce the different strategies proposed to modulate astrocyte functions in neurodegeneration, ranging from lifestyle changes to environmental cues. Finally, we discuss the challenges and the recent advancements to develop astrocyte-specific delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara F. Valori
- Molecular Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.F.V.); (D.R.); Tel.: +49-7071-9254-122 (C.F.V.); +39-0382-592064 (D.R.)
| | - Agostino Possenti
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Liliana Brambilla
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.P.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.V.); (D.R.); Tel.: +49-7071-9254-122 (C.F.V.); +39-0382-592064 (D.R.)
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14
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Andersen JV, Markussen KH, Jakobsen E, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS, Rosenberg PA, Aldana BI. Glutamate metabolism and recycling at the excitatory synapse in health and neurodegeneration. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108719. [PMID: 34273389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter of the brain. Cellular homeostasis of glutamate is of paramount importance for normal brain function and relies on an intricate metabolic collaboration between neurons and astrocytes. Glutamate is extensively recycled between neurons and astrocytes in a process known as the glutamate-glutamine cycle. The recycling of glutamate is closely linked to brain energy metabolism and is essential to sustain glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, a considerable amount of glutamate is also metabolized and serves as a metabolic hub connecting glucose and amino acid metabolism in both neurons and astrocytes. Disruptions in glutamate clearance, leading to neuronal overstimulation and excitotoxicity, have been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the link between brain energy homeostasis and glutamate metabolism is gaining attention in several neurological conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the dynamics of synaptic glutamate homeostasis and the underlying metabolic processes with a cellular focus on neurons and astrocytes. In particular, we review the recently discovered role of neuronal glutamate uptake in synaptic glutamate homeostasis and discuss current advances in cellular glutamate metabolism in the context of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Understanding the intricate regulation of glutamate-dependent metabolic processes at the synapse will not only increase our insight into the metabolic mechanisms of glutamate homeostasis, but may reveal new metabolic targets to ameliorate neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kia H Markussen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Wilkie CM, Barron JC, Brymer KJ, Barnes JR, Nafar F, Parsons MP. The Effect of GLT-1 Upregulation on Extracellular Glutamate Dynamics. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:661412. [PMID: 33841104 PMCID: PMC8032948 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.661412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological upregulation of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), commonly achieved using the beta-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone, represents a promising therapeutic strategy to accelerate glutamate uptake and prevent excitotoxic damage in neurological conditions. While excitotoxicity is indeed implicated in numerous brain diseases, it is typically restricted to select vulnerable brain regions, particularly in early disease stages. In healthy brain tissue, the speed of glutamate uptake is not constant and rather varies in both an activity- and region-dependent manner. Despite the widespread use of ceftriaxone in disease models, very little is known about how such treatments impact functional measures of glutamate uptake in healthy tissue, and whether GLT-1 upregulation can mask the naturally occurring activity-dependent and regional heterogeneities in uptake. Here, we used two different compounds, ceftriaxone and LDN/OSU-0212320 (LDN), to upregulate GLT-1 in healthy wild-type mice. We then used real-time imaging of the glutamate biosensor iGluSnFR to investigate functional consequences of GLT-1 upregulation on activity- and regional-dependent variations in glutamate uptake capacity. We found that while both ceftriaxone and LDN increased GLT-1 expression in multiple brain regions, they did not prevent activity-dependent slowing of glutamate clearance nor did they speed basal clearance rates, even in areas characterized by slow uptake (e.g., striatum). Unexpectedly, ceftriaxone but not LDN decreased glutamate release in the cortex, suggesting that ceftriaxone may alter release properties independent of its effects on GLT-1 expression. In sum, our data demonstrate the complexities of glutamate uptake by showing that GLT-1 expression does not necessarily translate to accelerated uptake. Furthermore, these data suggest that the mechanisms underlying activity- and regional-dependent differences in glutamate dynamics are independent of GLT-1 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Wilkie
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Jessica C Barron
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Kyle J Brymer
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Jocelyn R Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Firoozeh Nafar
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Matthew P Parsons
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
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16
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Fischer KD, Knackstedt LA, Rosenberg PA. Glutamate homeostasis and dopamine signaling: Implications for psychostimulant addiction behavior. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104896. [PMID: 33159978 PMCID: PMC8489281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse disorders are serious worldwide health problems. To date, there are no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of these disorders. Elucidation of the biochemical underpinnings contributing to psychostimulant addiction is critical for the development of effective therapies. Excitatory signaling and glutamate homeostasis are well known pathophysiological substrates underlying addiction-related behaviors spanning multiple types of psychostimulants. To alleviate relapse behavior to psychostimulants, considerable interest has focused on GLT-1, the major glutamate transporter in the brain. While many brain regions are implicated in addiction behavior, this review focuses on two regions well known for their role in mediating the effects of cocaine and amphetamines, namely the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In addition, because many investigators have utilized Cre-driver lines to selectively control gene expression in defined cell populations relevant for psychostimulant addiction, we discuss potential off-target effects of Cre-recombinase that should be considered in the design and interpretation of such experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D Fischer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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17
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Plotegher N, Filadi R, Pizzo P, Duchen MR. Excitotoxicity Revisited: Mitochondria on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:342-351. [PMID: 33608137 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is likely to occur in pathological scenarios in which mitochondrial function is already compromised, shaping neuronal responses to glutamate. In fact, mitochondria sustain cell bioenergetics, tune intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, and regulate glutamate availability by using it as metabolic substrate. Here, we suggest the need to explore glutamate toxicity in the context of specific disease models in which it may occur, re-evaluating the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on glutamate excitotoxicity. Our aim is to signpost new approaches, perhaps combining glutamate and pathways to rescue mitochondrial function, as therapeutic targets in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
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18
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Acioglu C, Li L, Elkabes S. Contribution of astrocytes to neuropathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2021; 1758:147291. [PMID: 33516810 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Classically, the loss of vulnerable neuronal populations in neurodegenerative diseases was considered to be the consequence of cell autonomous degeneration of neurons. However, progress in the understanding of glial function, the availability of improved animal models recapitulating the features of the human diseases, and the development of new approaches to derive glia and neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells obtained from patients, provided novel information that altered this view. Current evidence strongly supports the notion that non-cell autonomous mechanisms contribute to the demise of neurons in neurodegenerative disorders, and glia causally participate in the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases. In addition to microglia, astrocytes have emerged as key players in neurodegenerative diseases and will be the focus of the present review. Under the influence of pathological stimuli present in the microenvironment of the diseased CNS, astrocytes undergo morphological, transcriptional, and functional changes and become reactive. Reactive astrocytes are heterogeneous and exhibit neurotoxic (A1) or neuroprotective (A2) phenotypes. In recent years, single-cell or single-nucleus transcriptome analyses unraveled new, disease-specific phenotypes beyond A1/A2. These investigations highlighted the complexity of the astrocytic responses to CNS pathology. The present review will discuss the contribution of astrocytes to neurodegenerative diseases with particular emphasis on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Some of the commonalties and differences in astrocyte-mediated mechanisms that possibly drive the pathogenesis or progression of the diseases will be summarized. The emerging view is that astrocytes are potential new targets for therapeutic interventions. A comprehensive understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity and disease-specific phenotypic complexity could facilitate the design of novel strategies to treat neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Acioglu
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
| | - Lun Li
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
| | - Stella Elkabes
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
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19
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Choi YB, Dunn-Meynell AA, Marchese M, Blumberg BM, Gaindh D, Dowling PC, Lu W. Erythropoietin-derived peptide treatment reduced neurological deficit and neuropathological changes in a mouse model of tauopathy. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:32. [PMID: 33504364 PMCID: PMC7839226 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prominent activation of microglial immune/inflammatory processes is a characteristic feature of brains of patients with tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting that neuroinflammation may be a critical factor in their pathogenesis. Strategies aimed at developing new therapeutics for tauopathies based on anti-inflammation or immunomodulation are likely to be promising avenues of research. We previously developed JM4-a 19'mer cyclic peptide derived from the first loop of human erythropoietin. This peptide possesses beneficial immune modulatory and tissue protective effects while lacking the undesirable side effects of full-length erythropoietin. In this preclinical study, we investigated the effect of chronic JM4 treatment on the PS19 mouse that carries the P301S mutant human tau gene, linked to a form of frontotemporal dementia. This transgenic mouse has been widely used as a model of tauopathies including AD and related dementias. METHODS Daily subcutaneous treatment of female PS19 mice with JM4 was initiated before disease onset and continued on for the animals' lifespan. The progression of neurological deficit and the lifespan of these mice were assessed. To evaluate the effect of JM4 treatment on cognition of these animals, the PS19 mice underwent Barnes maze test and elevated plus maze test. In addition, neuronal loss, phosphorylated tau aggregation, and microglial activation were assessed using immunohistochemistry of PS19 mouse brain sections. RESULTS JM4 treatment of PS19 mice initiated before disease onset reduced neurological deficit, prolonged lifespan, and rescued memory impairment. The beneficial effects of JM4 were accompanied by reductions in neuronal loss, phosphorylated tau aggregation, and microglial activation in the PS19 mouse brain. LIMITATIONS Use of a single dose of JM4 and female mice only. CONCLUSION JM4 is a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of tauopathies including AD and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Beom Choi
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System and Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 385 Tremont Ave., East Orange, NJ 07018 USA
| | - Ambrose A. Dunn-Meynell
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System and Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 385 Tremont Ave., East Orange, NJ 07018 USA
| | - Michelle Marchese
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System, 385 Tremont Ave., East Orange, NJ 07018 USA
| | - Benjamin M. Blumberg
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System, 385 Tremont Ave., East Orange, NJ 07018 USA
| | - Deeya Gaindh
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System and Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 385 Tremont Ave., East Orange, NJ 07018 USA
| | - Peter C. Dowling
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System and Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 385 Tremont Ave., East Orange, NJ 07018 USA
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System and Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 385 Tremont Ave., East Orange, NJ 07018 USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System, 385 Tremont Ave., East Orange, NJ 07018 USA
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20
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Rodolphi MS, Kopczynski A, Carteri RB, Sartor M, Fontella FU, Feldmann M, Hansel G, Strogulski NR, Portela LV. Glutamate transporter-1 link astrocytes with heightened aggressive behavior induced by steroid abuse in male CF1 mice. Horm Behav 2021; 127:104872. [PMID: 33069754 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT-1 performs glutamate uptake thereby mediating NMDAr responses in neurons. Ceftriaxone (CEF) upregulates astrocytic GLT-1 expression/activity, which could counteract excessive glutamate levels and aggressive behavior induced by anabolic synthetic steroids such as nandrolone decanoate (ND). Here, adult male CF-1 mice were allocated to oil (VEH), ND, CEF, and ND/CEF groups. Mice were subcutaneously (s.c.) injected with ND (15 mg/kg) or VEH for 19 days, and received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of CEF (200 mg/kg) or saline for 5 days. The ND/CEF group received ND for 19 days plus coadministration of CEF in the last 5 days. On the 19th day, the aggressive phenotypes were evaluated through the resident-intruder test. After 24 h, cerebrospinal fluid was collected to measure glutamate levels, and the pre-frontal cortex was used to assess GLT-1, pGluN2BTyr1472, and pGluN2ATyr1246 by Western blot. Synaptosomes from the left brain hemisphere was used to evaluate mitochondrial function including complex II-succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Ca2+ handling, membrane potential (ΔѰm), and H2O2 production. ND decreased the latency for the first attack and increased the number of attacks by the resident mice against the intruder, mechanistically associated with an increase in glutamate levels and pGluN2BTyr1472 but not pGluN2ATyr1244, and GLT-1 downregulation. The abnormalities in mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, SDH, ΔѰm, and H2O2 implies in deficient energy support to the synaptic machinery. The ND/CEF group displayed a decreased aggressive behavior, normalization of glutamate and pGluN2BTyr1472levels, and mitochondrial function at synaptic terminals. In conclusion, the pharmacological modulation of GLT-1 highlights its relevance as an astrocytic target against highly impulsive and aggressive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo S Rodolphi
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Randhall B Carteri
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Centro Universitário Metodista - Instituto Porto Alegre (IPA), Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Porto Alegre, RS 90420-060, Brazil
| | - Monia Sartor
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda U Fontella
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marceli Feldmann
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gisele Hansel
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Robert A. Groff Professor of Teaching and Research in Neurosurgery Department: Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, 105 Hayden Hall 3320 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316, USA; Laboratório de Neuroinflamação e Neuroimunologia, Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan R Strogulski
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Luis V Portela
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
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21
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E-cigarette aerosols containing nicotine modulate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and astroglial glutamate transporters in mesocorticolimbic brain regions of chronically exposed mice. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 333:109308. [PMID: 33242460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine exposure increases the release of glutamate in part through stimulatory effects on pre-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). To assess the impact of chronic electronic (e)-cigarette use on these drug dependence pathways, we exposed C57BL/6 mice to three types of inhalant exposures for 3 months; 1) e-cigarette aerosol generated from liquids containing nicotine (ECN), 2) e-cigarette aerosol generated from liquids containing vehicle chemicals without nicotine (Veh), and 3) air only (AC). We investigated the effects of daily e-cigarette exposure on protein levels of α7 nAChR and α4/β2 nAChR, gene expression and protein levels of astroglial glutamate transporters, including glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT), in the frontal cortex (FC), striatum (STR) and hippocampus (HIP). We found that chronic inhalation of ECN increased α4/β2 nAChR in all brain regions, and increased α7 nAChR expression in the FC and STR. The total GLT-1 relative mRNA and protein expression were decreased in the STR. Moreover, GLT-1 isoforms (GLT-1a and GLT-1b) were downregulated in the STR in ECN group. However, inhalation of e-cigarette aerosol downregulated xCT expression in STR and HIP compared to AC and Veh groups. ECN group had increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the STR compared to control groups. Finally, mass spectrometry detected high concentrations of the nicotine metabolite, cotinine, in the FC and STR in ECN group. This work demonstrates that chronic inhalation of nicotine within e-cigarette aerosols significantly alters the expression of nAChRs and astroglial glutamate transporters in specific mesocorticolimbic brain regions.
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22
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Cepeda C, Levine MS. Synaptic Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease: Lessons from Genetic Animal Models. Neuroscientist 2020; 28:20-40. [PMID: 33198566 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420972662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the functional and structural changes occurring in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in Huntington's disease (HD) has benefited considerably from the generation of genetic animal models. Most studies of synaptic alterations in HD models have focused on the striatum, but a more complete picture of synaptic dysfunction in the cortico-basal ganglia-cortical loop is emerging. Here, we provide a review and analysis of current developments in the study of synaptic alterations in these areas using HD rodent models. Recent evidence indicates that cortical maldevelopment plays a role in synaptic dysfunction along the corticostriatal pathway that may have its roots in the way mutant huntingtin interacts with synaptic proteins. Furthermore, a progressive disconnection in the corticostriatal pathway leads to abnormal function engaging extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors that contribute to eventual cell degeneration. In addition, biphasic increases followed by decreases in glutamate and dopamine release in the striatum could explain contrasting symptomatology in early and late stages of the disease. Changes in striatal output regions also are beginning to be examined. Finally, we highlight some therapeutic avenues aimed at rescuing synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cepeda
- IDDRC, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Levine
- IDDRC, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Mora S, Martín-González E, Prados-Pardo Á, Moreno J, López MJ, Pilar-Cuellar F, Castro E, Díaz Á, Flores P, Moreno M. Increased vulnerability to impulsive behavior after streptococcal antigen exposure and antibiotic treatment in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:675-688. [PMID: 32798664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The inflammation induced by Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection has been viewed as a vulnerability factor in mental disorders characterized by inhibitory control deficits, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Antibiotic treatment reduces GAS symptoms; however, its effects on impulsivity have not been fully assessed. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether GAS exposure during early adolescence might be a vulnerability factor for adult impulsivity, if antibiotic treatment acts as a protective factor, and whether these differences are accompanied by changes in the inflammatory cytokine frontostriatal regions. METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed to the GAS antigen or to vehicle plus adjuvants at postnatal day (PND) 35 (with two boosts), and they received either ampicillin (supplemented in the drinking water) or water alone from PND35 to PND70. Adult impulsivity was assessed using two different models, the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRT task) and the delay discounting task (DDT). The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17 were measured in the prefrontal cortex (PFc), and the tumor necrosis factor α levels (TNFα) were measured in the PFc and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). RESULTS GAS exposure and ampicillin treatment increased the waiting impulsivity by a higher number of premature responses when the animals were challenged by a long intertrial interval during the 5-CSRT task. The GAS exposure revealed higher impulsive choices at the highest delay (40 s) when tested by DDT, while coadministration with ampicillin prevented the impulsive choice. GAS exposure and ampicillin reduced the IL-6 and IL-17 levels in the PFc, and ampicillin treatment increased the TNFα levels in the NAcc. A regression analysis revealed a significant contribution of GAS exposure and TNFα levels to the observed effects. CONCLUSIONS GAS exposure and ampicillin treatment induced an inhibitory control deficit in a different manner depending on the form of impulsivity measured here, with inflammatory long-term changes in the PFc and NAcc that might increase the vulnerability to impulsivity-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mora
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-González
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Ángeles Prados-Pardo
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Joaquín Moreno
- Department of Biology and Geology, CeiA3 and CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - María José López
- Department of Biology and Geology, CeiA3 and CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Fuencisla Pilar-Cuellar
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santander, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), University of Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, 39011 Santander, Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Elena Castro
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santander, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), University of Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, 39011 Santander, Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Álvaro Díaz
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santander, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), University of Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, 39011 Santander, Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Pilar Flores
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Margarita Moreno
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Fachim HA, Guizzo R, Cunha AOS, Pereira AC, Anjos LC, Mortari MR, Santos WF. Ceftriaxone pretreatment confers neuroprotection in rats with acute glaucoma and reduces the score of seizures induced by pentylenotetrazole in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22578. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helene A. Fachim
- Neurobiology and Venoms Laboratory, Department of Biology, FFCLRP University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento de Ribeirão Preto—INeC Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Renato Guizzo
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento de Ribeirão Preto—INeC Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alexandra O. S. Cunha
- Neurobiology and Venoms Laboratory, Department of Biology, FFCLRP University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento de Ribeirão Preto—INeC Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Adriana C. Pereira
- Neurobiology and Venoms Laboratory, Department of Biology, FFCLRP University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento de Ribeirão Preto—INeC Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Lilian C. Anjos
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences University of Brasília‐UnB Brasília Brazil
| | - Márcia R. Mortari
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences University of Brasília‐UnB Brasília Brazil
| | - Wagner F. Santos
- Neurobiology and Venoms Laboratory, Department of Biology, FFCLRP University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento de Ribeirão Preto—INeC Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
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Wilton DK, Stevens B. The contribution of glial cells to Huntington's disease pathogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:104963. [PMID: 32593752 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells play critical roles in the normal development and function of neural circuits, but in many neurodegenerative diseases, they become dysregulated and may contribute to the development of brain pathology. In Huntington's disease (HD), glial cells both lose normal functions and gain neuropathic phenotypes. In addition, cell-autonomous dysfunction elicited by mutant huntingtin (mHTT) expression in specific glial cell types is sufficient to induce both pathology and Huntington's disease-related impairments in motor and cognitive performance, suggesting that these cells may drive the development of certain aspects of Huntington's disease pathogenesis. In support of this imaging studies in pre-symptomatic HD patients and work on mouse models have suggested that glial cell dysfunction occurs at a very early stage of the disease, prior to the onset of motor and cognitive deficits. Furthermore, selectively ablating mHTT from specific glial cells or correcting for HD-induced changes in their transcriptional profile rescues some HD-related phenotypes, demonstrating the potential of targeting these cells for therapeutic intervention. Here we review emerging research focused on understanding the involvement of different glial cell types in specific aspects of HD pathogenesis. This work is providing new insight into how HD impacts biological functions of glial cells in the healthy brain as well as how HD induced dysfunction in these cells might change the way they integrate into biological circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Wilton
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Smaga I, Fierro D, Mesa J, Filip M, Knackstedt LA. Molecular changes evoked by the beta-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone across rodent models of substance use disorder and neurological disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:116-130. [PMID: 32485268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ceftriaxone is a beta-lactam antibiotic that increases the expression of the major glutamate transporter, GLT-1. As such, ceftriaxone ameliorates symptoms across multiple rodent models of neurological diseases and substance use disorders. However, the mechanism behind GLT-1 upregulation is unknown. The present review synthesizes this literature in order to identify commonalities in molecular changes. We find that ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg for at least two days) consistently restores GLT-1 expression in multiple rodent models of neurological disease, especially when GLT-1 is decreased in the disease model. The same dose given to healthy/drug-naive rodents does not reliably upregulate GLT-1 in any brain region except the hippocampus. Increased GLT-1 expression does not consistently arise from transcriptional regulation, and is likely to be due to trafficking changes. In addition to altered transporter expression, ceftriaxone ameliorates neuropathologies (e.g. tau, amyloid beta, cell death) and aberrant protein expression associated with a number of neurological disease models. Taken together, these results indicate that ceftriaxone remains a strong candidate for treatment of multiple disorders in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Smaga
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smętna 12, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniel Fierro
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Javier Mesa
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smętna 12, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Hippocampal Synaptic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Huntington Disease Is Not Alleviated by Ceftriaxone Treatment. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0440-19.2020. [PMID: 32354757 PMCID: PMC7242817 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0440-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate transporters, particularly glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), help to prevent the adverse effects associated with glutamate toxicity by rapidly clearing glutamate from the extracellular space. Since GLT-1 expression and/or function are reduced in many neurodegenerative diseases, upregulation of GLT-1 is a favorable approach to treat the symptoms of these diseases. Ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic reported to increase GLT-1 expression, can exert neuroprotective effects in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases; however, many of these diseases do not exhibit uniform brain pathology. In contrast, as a drug that readily crosses the blood–brain barrier, ceftriaxone administration is likely to increase GLT-1 levels globally throughout the neuroaxis. In Huntington disease (HD), low GLT-1 expression is observed in the striatum in postmortem tissue and animal models. While ceftriaxone was reported to increase striatal GLT-1 and ameliorate the motor symptoms in a mouse model of HD, the extrastriatal effects of ceftriaxone in HD are unknown. Using electrophysiology and high-speed imaging of the glutamate biosensor iGluSnFR, we quantified real-time glutamate dynamics and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of the Q175FDN mouse model of HD, following intraperitoneal injections of either saline or ceftriaxone. We observed an activity-dependent increase in extracellular glutamate accumulation within the HD hippocampus, which was not the result of reduced GLT-1 expression. Surprisingly, ceftriaxone had little effect on glutamate clearance rates and negatively impacted synaptic plasticity. These data provide evidence for glutamate dysregulation in the HD hippocampus but also caution the use of ceftriaxone as a treatment for HD.
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Ponzi A, Barton SJ, Bunner KD, Rangel-Barajas C, Zhang ES, Miller BR, Rebec GV, Kozloski J. Striatal network modeling in Huntington's Disease. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007648. [PMID: 32302302 PMCID: PMC7197869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) comprise over 90% of cells in the striatum. In vivo MSNs display coherent burst firing cell assembly activity patterns, even though isolated MSNs do not burst fire intrinsically. This activity is important for the learning and execution of action sequences and is characteristically dysregulated in Huntington's Disease (HD). However, how dysregulation is caused by the various neural pathologies affecting MSNs in HD is unknown. Previous modeling work using simple cell models has shown that cell assembly activity patterns can emerge as a result of MSN inhibitory network interactions. Here, by directly estimating MSN network model parameters from single unit spiking data, we show that a network composed of much more physiologically detailed MSNs provides an excellent quantitative fit to wild type (WT) mouse spiking data, but only when network parameters are appropriate for the striatum. We find the WT MSN network is situated in a regime close to a transition from stable to strongly fluctuating network dynamics. This regime facilitates the generation of low-dimensional slowly varying coherent activity patterns and confers high sensitivity to variations in cortical driving. By re-estimating the model on HD spiking data we discover network parameter modifications are consistent across three very different types of HD mutant mouse models (YAC128, Q175, R6/2). In striking agreement with the known pathophysiology we find feedforward excitatory drive is reduced in HD compared to WT mice, while recurrent inhibition also shows phenotype dependency. We show that these modifications shift the HD MSN network to a sub-optimal regime where higher dimensional incoherent rapidly fluctuating activity predominates. Our results provide insight into a diverse range of experimental findings in HD, including cognitive and motor symptoms, and may suggest new avenues for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ponzi
- IBM Research, Computational Biology Center, Thomas J. Watson Research Laboratories, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Scott J. Barton
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kendra D. Bunner
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Claudia Rangel-Barajas
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Emily S. Zhang
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R. Miller
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - George V. Rebec
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - James Kozloski
- IBM Research, Computational Biology Center, Thomas J. Watson Research Laboratories, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States of America
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Hammad AM, Sari Y. Effects of Cocaine Exposure on Astrocytic Glutamate Transporters and Relapse-Like Ethanol-Drinking Behavior in Male Alcohol-Preferring Rats. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:254-263. [PMID: 32099993 PMCID: PMC7171926 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Glutamate has been considered as neurotransmitter that is critical in triggering relapse to drugs of abuse, including ethanol and cocaine. Extracellular glutamate concentrations are tightly regulated by several mechanisms, including reuptake through glutamate transporters. Glutamate transporter type 1 (GLT-1) is responsible for clearing the majority of extracellular glutamate. The astrocytic cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) regulates also glutamate homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of cocaine exposure and ampicillin/sulbactam (AMP/SUL), a β-lactam antibiotic known to upregulate GLT-1 and xCT, on relapse-like ethanol intake and the expression of astrocytic glutamate transporters in mesocorticolimbic brain regions. METHODS Male alcohol-preferring (P) rats had free access to ethanol for 5 weeks. On Week 6, rats were exposed to either cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline for 12 consecutive days. Ethanol bottles were then removed for 7 days; during the last 5 days, either AMP/SUL (100 or 200 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline was administered to the P rats. Ethanol bottles were reintroduced, and ethanol intake was measured for 4 days. RESULTS Cocaine exposure induced an alcohol deprivation effect (ADE), which was associated in part by a decrease in the expression of GLT-1 and xCT in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core. AMP/SUL (100 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the ADE, while AMP/SUL (200 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced ethanol intake during 4 days of ethanol re-exposure and upregulated GLT-1 and xCT expression in the NAc core, NAc shell and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). CONCLUSION This study suggests that these astrocytic glutamate transporters might be considered as potential targets for the treatment of polysubstance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Hammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130 Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, USA
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Baggio S, Zenki K, Martins Silva A, Dos Santos TG, Rech G, Lazzarotto G, Dias RD, Mussulini BH, Rico EP, de Oliveira DL. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders model alters the functionality of glutamatergic neurotransmission in adult zebrafish. Neurotoxicology 2020; 78:152-160. [PMID: 32173352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) describe a wide range of ethanol-induced developmental disabilities, including craniofacial dysmorphology, and neurochemical and behavioral impairments. Zebrafish has become a popular animal model to evaluate the long-lasting effects of, both, severe and milder forms of FASD, including alterations to neurotransmission. Glutamate is one of the most affected neurotransmitter systems in ethanol-induced developmental disabilities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the functionality of the glutamatergic neurotransmitter system in an adult zebrafish FASD model. Zebrafish larvae (24 h post-fertilization) were exposed to ethanol (0.1 %, 0.25 %, 0.5 %, and 1%) for 2 h. After 4 months, the animals were euthanized and their brains were removed. The following variables were measured: glutamate uptake, glutamate binding, glutamine synthetase activity, Na+/K + ATPase activity, and high-resolution respirometry. Embryonic ethanol exposure reduced Na+-dependent glutamate uptake in the zebrafish brain. This reduction was positively modulated by ceftriaxone treatment, a beta-lactam antibiotic that promotes the expression of the glutamate transporter EAAT2. Moreover, the 0.5 % and 1% ethanol groups demonstrated reduced glutamate binding to brain membranes and decreased Na+/K + ATPase activity in adulthood. In addition, ethanol reduced glutamine synthetase activity in the 1% EtOH group. Embryonic ethanol exposure did not alter the immunocontent of the glutamate vesicular transporter VGLUT2 and the mitochondrial energetic metabolism of the brain in adulthood. Our results suggest that embryonic ethanol exposure may cause significant alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the adult zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Baggio
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Kamila Zenki
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alberto Martins Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thainá Garbino Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rech
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Lazzarotto
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Dutra Dias
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Mussulini
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, Warsaw 02-097, Poland; ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Diogo Losch de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Blumenstock S, Dudanova I. Cortical and Striatal Circuits in Huntington's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:82. [PMID: 32116525 PMCID: PMC7025546 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that typically manifests in midlife with motor, cognitive, and/or psychiatric symptoms. The disease is caused by a CAG triplet expansion in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene and leads to a severe neurodegeneration in the striatum and cortex. Classical electrophysiological studies in genetic HD mouse models provided important insights into the disbalance of excitatory, inhibitory and neuromodulatory inputs, as well as progressive disconnection between the cortex and striatum. However, the involvement of local cortical and striatal microcircuits still remains largely unexplored. Here we review the progress in understanding HD-related impairments in the cortical and basal ganglia circuits, and outline new opportunities that have opened with the development of modern circuit analysis methods. In particular, in vivo imaging studies in mouse HD models have demonstrated early structural and functional disturbances within the cortical network, and optogenetic manipulations of striatal cell types have started uncovering the causal roles of certain neuronal populations in disease pathogenesis. In addition, the important contribution of astrocytes to HD-related circuit defects has recently been recognized. In parallel, unbiased systems biology studies are providing insights into the possible molecular underpinnings of these functional defects at the level of synaptic signaling and neurotransmitter metabolism. With these approaches, we can now reach a deeper understanding of circuit-based HD mechanisms, which will be crucial for the development of effective and targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Blumenstock
- Department of Molecules – Signaling – Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Irina Dudanova
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
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Malik AR, Willnow TE. Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters in Physiology and Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225671. [PMID: 31726793 PMCID: PMC6888459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) encompass a class of five transporters with distinct expression in neurons and glia of the central nervous system (CNS). EAATs are mainly recognized for their role in uptake of the amino acid glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter. EAATs-mediated clearance of glutamate released by neurons is vital to maintain proper glutamatergic signalling and to prevent toxic accumulation of this amino acid in the extracellular space. In addition, some EAATs also act as chloride channels or mediate the uptake of cysteine, required to produce the reactive oxygen speciesscavenger glutathione. Given their central role in glutamate homeostasis in the brain, as well as their additional activities, it comes as no surprise that EAAT dysfunctions have been implicated in numerous acute or chronic diseases of the CNS, including ischemic stroke and epilepsy, cerebellar ataxias, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Here we review the studies in cellular and animal models, as well as in humans that highlight the roles of EAATs in the pathogenesis of these devastating disorders. We also discuss the mechanisms regulating EAATs expression and intracellular trafficking and new exciting possibilities to modulate EAATs and to provide neuroprotection in course of pathologies affecting the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Malik
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Palpagama TH, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Kwakowsky A. The Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Huntington's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:258. [PMID: 31708741 PMCID: PMC6824292 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. HD patients present with movement disorders, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms and cognitive decline. This review summarizes the contribution of microglia and astrocytes to HD pathophysiology. Neuroinflammation in the HD brain is characterized by a reactive morphology in these glial cells. Microglia and astrocytes are critical in regulating neuronal activity and maintaining an optimal milieu for neuronal function. Previous studies provide evidence that activated microglia and reactive astrocytes contribute to HD pathology through transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory genes to perpetuate a chronic inflammatory state. Reactive astrocytes also display functional changes in glutamate and ion homeostasis and energy metabolism. Astrocytic and microglial changes may further contribute to the neuronal death observed with the progression of HD. Importantly, the degree to which these neuroinflammatory changes are detrimental to neurons and contribute to the progression of HD pathology is not well understood. Furthermore, recent observations provide compelling evidence that activated microglia and astrocytes exert a variety of beneficial functions that are essential for limiting tissue damage and preserving neuronal function in the HD brain. Therefore, a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory environment in the brain in HD may lead to the development of targeted and innovative therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulani H Palpagama
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Creus-Muncunill J, Ehrlich ME. Cell-Autonomous and Non-cell-Autonomous Pathogenic Mechanisms in Huntington's Disease: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:957-978. [PMID: 31529216 PMCID: PMC6985401 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an expansion in the trinucleotide CAG repeat in exon-1 in the huntingtin gene, located on chromosome 4. When the number of trinucleotide CAG exceeds 40 repeats, disease invariably is manifested, characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. The huntingtin (Htt) protein and its mutant form (mutant huntingtin, mHtt) are ubiquitously expressed but although multiple brain regions are affected, the most vulnerable brain region is the striatum. Striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) preferentially degenerate, followed by the cortical pyramidal neurons located in layers V and VI. Proposed HD pathogenic mechanisms include, but are not restricted to, excitotoxicity, neurotrophic support deficits, collapse of the protein degradation mechanisms, mitochondrial dysfunction, transcriptional alterations, and disorders of myelin. Studies performed in cell type-specific and regionally selective HD mouse models implicate both MSN cell-autonomous properties and cell-cell interactions, particularly corticostriatal but also with non-neuronal cell types. Here, we review the intrinsic properties of MSNs that contribute to their selective vulnerability and in addition, we discuss how astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, together with aberrant corticostriatal connectivity, contribute to HD pathophysiology. In addition, mHtt causes cell-autonomous dysfunction in cell types other than MSNs. These findings have implications in terms of therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing neuronal dysfunction and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Creus-Muncunill
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Dunn-Meynell AA, Dowling P, Marchese M, Rodriguez E, Blumberg B, Choi YB, Gaindh D, Lu W. In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging Used to Monitor Disease Activity and Therapeutic Response in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:252. [PMID: 31572168 PMCID: PMC6751306 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies of tauopathy use transgenic mice that overexpress the P301S mutant form of tau. Neuronal damage in these mice is associated with astrogliosis and induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. GFAP-luc transgenic mice express firefly luciferase under the GFAP promoter, allowing bioluminescence to be measured non-invasively as a surrogate biomarker for astrogliosis. We bred double transgenic mice possessing both P301S and GFAP-luc cassettes and compared them to control mice bearing only the GFAP-luc transgene. We used serial bioluminescent images to define the onset and the time course of astrogliosis in these mice and this was correlated with the development of clinical deficit. Mice containing both GFAP-luc and P301S transgenes showed increased luminescence indicative of astroglial activation in the brain and spinal cord. Starting at 5 months old, the onset of clinical deterioration in these mice corresponded closely to the initial rise in the luminescent signal. Post mortem analysis showed the elevated luminescence was correlated with hyperphosphorylated tau deposition in the hippocampus of double transgenic mice. We used this method to determine the therapeutic effect of JM4 peptide [a small peptide immunomodulatory agent derived from human erythropoietin (EPO)] on double transgenic mice. JM4 treatment significantly decreased the intensity of luminescence, neurological deficit and hyperphosphorylated tau in mice with both the P301S and GFAP-luc transgenes. These findings indicate that bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful tool for quantifying GFAP expression in living P301S mice and can be used as a noninvasive biomarker of tau-induced neurodegeneration in preclinical therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrose A. Dunn-Meynell
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Peter Dowling
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Michelle Marchese
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Esther Rodriguez
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Benjamin Blumberg
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Yun-Beom Choi
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Deeya Gaindh
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Wei Lu
- Neurology Service, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, United States
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Astrocytes: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Neurological Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:750-759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Khakh BS. Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions in the Striatum: Insights on Identity, Form, and Function. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:617-630. [PMID: 31351745 PMCID: PMC6741427 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The physiological functions of astrocytes within neural circuits remain incompletely understood. There has been progress in this regard from recent work on striatal astrocytes, where detailed studies are emerging. In this review, findings on striatal astrocyte identity, form, and function, are summarized with a focus on how astrocytes regulate striatal neurons, circuits, and behavior. Specific features of striatal astrocytes are highlighted to illustrate how they may be specialized to regulate medium spiny neurons (MSNs) by responding to, and altering, excitation and inhibition. Further experiments should reveal additional mechanisms for astrocyte-neuron interactions in the striatum and potentially reveal insights into the functions of astrocytes in neural circuits more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA; Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA.
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Ballaz SJ, Rebec GV. Neurobiology of vitamin C: Expanding the focus from antioxidant to endogenous neuromodulator. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104321. [PMID: 31229562 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) is a water-soluble vitamin (C) found in all bodily organs. Most mammals synthesize it, humans are required to eat it, but all mammals need it for healthy functioning. AA reaches its highest concentration in the brain where both neurons and glia rely on tightly regulated uptake from blood via the glucose transport system and sodium-coupled active transport to accumulate and maintain AA at millimolar levels. As a prototype antioxidant, AA is not only neuroprotective, but also functions as a cofactor in redox-coupled reactions essential for the synthesis of neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine and norepinephrine) and paracrine lipid mediators (e.g., epoxiecoisatrienoic acids) as well as the epigenetic regulation of DNA. Although redox capacity led to the promotion of AA in high doses as potential treatment for various neuropathological and psychiatric conditions, ample evidence has not supported this therapeutic strategy. Here, we focus on some long-neglected aspects of AA neurobiology, including its modulatory role in synaptic transmission as demonstrated by the long-established link between release of endogenous AA in brain extracellular fluid and the clearance of glutamate, an excitatory amino acid. Evidence that this link can be disrupted in animal models of Huntington´s disease is revealing opportunities for new research pathways and therapeutic applications (e.g., epilepsy and pain management). In fact, we suggest that improved understanding of the regulation of endogenous AA and its interaction with key brain neurotransmitter systems, rather than administration of AA in excess, should be the target of future brain-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago J Ballaz
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuqui, Ecuador.
| | - George V Rebec
- Program in Neuroscience, Department Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.
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Wagner JM, Sichler ME, Schleicher EM, Franke TN, Irwin C, Löw MJ, Beindorff N, Bouter C, Bayer TA, Bouter Y. Analysis of Motor Function in the Tg4-42 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:107. [PMID: 31156407 PMCID: PMC6533559 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Hallmarks of AD are memory impairments and cognitive deficits, but non-cognitive impairments, especially motor dysfunctions are also associated with the disease and may even precede classic clinical symptoms. With an aging society and increasing hospitalization of the elderly, motor deficits are of major interest to improve independent activities in daily living. Consistent with clinical findings, a variety of AD mouse models develop motor deficits as well. We investigated the motor function of 3- and 7-month-old Tg4-42 mice in comparison to wild-type controls and 5XFAD mice and discuss the results in context with several other AD mouse model. Our study shows impaired balance and motor coordination in aged Tg4-42 mice in the balance beam and rotarod test, while general locomotor activity and muscle strength is not impaired at 7 months. The cerebellum is a major player in the regulation and coordination of balance and locomotion through practice. Particularly, the rotarod test is able to detect cerebellar deficits. Furthermore, supposed cerebellar impairment was verified by 18F-FDG PET/MRI. Aged Tg4-42 mice showed reduced cerebellar glucose metabolism in the 18F-FDG PET. Suggesting that, deficits in coordination and balance are most likely due to cerebellar impairment. In conclusion, Tg4-42 mice develop motor deficits before memory deficits, without confounding memory test. Thus, making the Tg4-42 mouse model a good model to study the effects on cognitive decline of therapies targeting motor impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannek M. Wagner
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marius E. Sichler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva M. Schleicher
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timon N. Franke
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Irwin
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Johannes Löw
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Beindorff
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Bouter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Bouter
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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Tai CH, Bellesi M, Chen AC, Lin CL, Li HH, Lin PJ, Liao WC, Hung CS, Schwarting RK, Ho YJ. A new avenue for treating neuronal diseases: Ceftriaxone, an old antibiotic demonstrating behavioral neuronal effects. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:149-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Yimer EM, Hishe HZ, Tuem KB. Repurposing of the β-Lactam Antibiotic, Ceftriaxone for Neurological Disorders: A Review. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:236. [PMID: 30971875 PMCID: PMC6444273 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no cure or disease-modifying agents available for most well-known neurological disorders. Current therapy is typically focused on relieving symptoms and supportive care in improving the quality of life of affected patients. Furthermore, the traditional de novo drug discovery technique is more challenging, particularly for neurological disorders. Therefore, the repurposing of existing drugs for these conditions is believed to be an efficient and dynamic approach that can substantially reduce the investments spent on drug development. Currently, there is emerging evidence that suggests the potential effect of a beta-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone (CEF), to alleviate the symptoms of different experimentally-induced neurological disorders: Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epileptic-seizure, brain ischemia, traumatic brain injuries, and neuropathic pain. CEF also affects the markers of oxidative status and neuroinflammation, glutamatergic systems as well as various aggregated toxic proteins involved in the pathogenesis of different neurological disorders. Moreover, it was found that CEF administration to drug dependent animal models improved the withdrawal symptoms upon drug discontinuation. Thus, this review aimed to describe the effects of CEF against multiple models of neurological illnesses, drug dependency, and withdrawal. It also emphasizes the possible mechanisms of neuroprotective actions of CEF with respective neurological maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim M Yimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Hailemichael Zeru Hishe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Kald Beshir Tuem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Fuentes-Santamaría V, Alvarado JC, Rodríguez-de la Rosa L, Juiz JM, Varela-Nieto I. Neuroglial Involvement in Abnormal Glutamate Transport in the Cochlear Nuclei of the Igf1 -/- Mouse. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:67. [PMID: 30881288 PMCID: PMC6405628 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a powerful regulator of synaptic activity and a deficit in this protein has a profound impact on neurotransmission, mostly on excitatory synapses in both the developing and mature auditory system. Adult Igf1−/− mice are animal models for the study of human syndromic deafness; they show altered cochlear projection patterns into abnormally developed auditory neurons along with impaired glutamate uptake in the cochlear nuclei, phenomena that probably reflect disruptions in neuronal circuits. To determine the cellular mechanisms that might be involved in regulating excitatory synaptic plasticity in 4-month-old Igf1−/− mice, modifications to neuroglia, astroglial glutamate transporters (GLTs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) were assessed in the cochlear nuclei. The Igf1−/− mice show significant decreases in IBA1 (an ionized calcium-binding adapter) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA expression and protein accumulation, as well as dampened mGluR expression in conjunction with enhanced glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) expression. By contrast, no differences were observed in the expression of glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) between these Igf1−/− mice and their heterozygous or wildtype littermates. These observations suggest that congenital IGF-1 deficiency may lead to alterations in microglia and astrocytes, an upregulation of GLT1, and the downregulation of groups I, II and III mGluRs. Understanding the molecular, biochemical and morphological mechanisms underlying neuronal plasticity in a mouse model of hearing deficits will give us insight into new therapeutic strategies that could help to maintain or even improve residual hearing when human deafness is related to IGF-1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Fuentes-Santamaría
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Juan C Alvarado
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa
- Grupo de Neurobiología de la Audición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), CIBER MP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Juiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Grupo de Neurobiología de la Audición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), CIBER MP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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Single Synapse Indicators of Impaired Glutamate Clearance Derived from Fast iGlu u Imaging of Cortical Afferents in the Striatum of Normal and Huntington (Q175) Mice. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3970-3982. [PMID: 30819797 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2865-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the balance between glutamate (Glu) release and uptake may stimulate synaptic reorganization and even synapse loss. In the case of neurodegeneration, a mismatch between astroglial Glu uptake and presynaptic Glu release could be detected if both parameters were assessed independently and at a single-synapse level. This has now become possible due to a new imaging assay with the genetically encoded ultrafast Glu sensor iGlu u We report findings from individual corticostriatal synapses in acute slices prepared from mice of either sex that were >1 year of age. Contrasting patterns of short-term plasticity and a size criterion identified two classes of terminals, presumably corresponding to the previously defined IT (intratelencephalic) and PT (pyramidal tract) synapses. The latter exhibited a higher degree of frequency potentiation/residual Glu accumulation and were selected for our first iGlu u single-synapse study in Q175 mice, a model of Huntington's disease (HD). In HD mice, the decay time constant of the perisynaptic Glu concentration (TauD), as an indicator of uptake, and the peak iGlu u amplitude, as an indicator of release, were prolonged and reduced, respectively. Treatment of WT preparations with the astrocytic Glu uptake blocker TFB-TBOA (100 nm) mimicked the TauD changes in homozygotes. Considering the largest TauD values encountered in WT, ∼40% of PT synapses tested in Q175 heterozygotes can be classified as dysfunctional. Moreover, HD but not WT synapses exhibited a positive correlation between TauD and the peak amplitude of iGlu u Finally, EAAT2 (excitatory amino acid transport protein 2) immunoreactivity was reduced next to corticostriatal terminals. Thus, astrocytic Glu transport remains a promising target for therapeutic intervention.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alterations in astrocytic Glu uptake can play a role in synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration. Until now, the sensitivity of synaptic responses to pharmacological transport block and the resulting activation of NMDA receptors were regarded as reliable evidence for a mismatch between synaptic uptake and release. But the latter parameters are interdependent. Using a new genetically encoded sensor to monitor extracellular glutamate concentration ([Glu]) at individual corticostriatal synapses, we can now quantify the time constant of perisynaptic [Glu] decay (as an indicator of uptake) and the maximal [Glu] elevation next to the active zone (as an indicator of Glu release). The results provide a positive answer to the hitherto unresolved question of whether neurodegeneration (e.g., Huntington's disease) associates with a glutamate uptake deficit at tripartite excitatory synapses.
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Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease that results in motor, cognitive and psychiatric dysfunction. It is caused by a polyglutamine repeat expansion mutation in the widely expressed HTT protein. The clinical manifestations of HD have been largely attributed to the neurodegeneration of specific neuronal cell types in the brain. However, it has become clear that other cell types, including astrocytes, play important roles in the pathogenesis of HD. The mutant HTT (mHTT) protein is present in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types throughout the nervous system. Studies designed to understand the contribution of mHTT expression in non-neuronal cell types to HD pathogenesis has lagged considerably behind those focused on neurons. However, the role of astrocytes in HD has received more attention over the last 5-10 years. In this chapter we present an overview of HD and our current understanding of astrocytic involvement in this disease. We describe the neuropathological features of HD and provide evidence of morphological and molecular changes in mHTT expressing astrocytes. We review data from animal models and HD patients that implicate mHTT expressing astrocytes to the progression of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Gray
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, CIRC 425B, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Assessment of neuroprotective effects of Gallic acid against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary rat cortex neuronal culture. Neurochem Int 2018; 121:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Althobaiti YS, Alshehri FS, Hakami AY, Hammad AM, Sari Y. Effects of Clavulanic Acid Treatment on Reinstatement to Methamphetamine, Glial Glutamate Transporters, and mGluR 2/3 Expression in P Rats Exposed to Ethanol. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 67:1-15. [PMID: 30471010 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence demonstrated that the glutamatergic system is implicated in mediating relapse to several drugs of abuse, including methamphetamine (METH). Glutamate homeostasis is maintained by a number of glutamate transporters, such as glutamate transporter type 1 (GLT-1), cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT), and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST). In addition, group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) were found to be implicated in relapse-seeking behavior. Ample evidence showed that β-lactam antibiotics are effective in upregulating GLT-1 and xCT expression, thus improving glutamate homeostasis and attenuating relapse to drugs of abuse. In this study, we investigated the reinstatement of METH using conditioned place preference (CPP) in male alcohol-preferring (P) rats exposed to home-cage free choice ethanol drinking. Here, we tested the effect of clavulanic acid (CA), a β-lactam, on the reinstatement of METH-seeking and ethanol drinking. In addition, we examined the expression of GLT-1, xCT, and GLAST as well as metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2/3) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, NAc core, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). A priming i.p. injection of METH reinstated preference in METH-paired chamber following extinction. Chronic exposure to ethanol decreased the expression of GLT-1 and xCT in the NAc shell, but not in the NAc core or dmPFC. CA treatment blocked the reinstatement of METH-seeking, decreased ethanol intake, and restored the expression of GLT-1 and xCT in the NAc shell. In addition, the expression of mGluR2/3 was increased by CA treatment in the NAc shell and dmPFC. These findings suggest that these glutamate transporters and mGluR2/3 might be potential therapeutic targets for the attenuation of reinstatement to METH-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf S Althobaiti
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, HEB 282G, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S Alshehri
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, HEB 282G, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Alqassem Y Hakami
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, HEB 282G, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Alaa M Hammad
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, HEB 282G, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, HEB 282G, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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47
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Estrada-Sánchez AM, Castro D, Portillo-Ortiz K, Jang K, Nedjat-Haiem M, Levine MS, Cepeda C. Complete but not partial inhibition of glutamate transporters exacerbates cortical excitability in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:509-518. [PMID: 30311425 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Deficient glutamate reuptake occurs in the cerebral cortex of Huntington's disease (HD) patients and murine models. Here, we examine the effects of partial or complete blockade of glutamate transporters on excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) of cortical pyramidal neurons (CPNs). METHODS Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of CPNs in slices from symptomatic R6/2 mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were used to examine the effects of selective or concurrent inhibition of glutamate reuptake transporters. RESULTS Selective inhibition of the glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) or the glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) produced slight decreases in decay time of evoked EPSCs in CPNs from WT and R6/2 mice with no significant differences between genotypes. In contrast, concurrent inhibition of both transporters with DL-TBOA induced a significant increase in area and decay time and this effect was significantly greater in R6/2 CPNs. Furthermore, full blockade also reduced spontaneous EPSC frequency and exacerbated epileptiform activity in CPNs from symptomatic R6/2 mice. CONCLUSIONS R6/2 CPNs are more sensitive to glutamate accumulation during full inhibition of both glutamate transporters, and these neurons have homeostatic mechanisms to cope with inhibition of GLT-1 or GLAST by a mechanism that involves upregulation of either transporter when the other is deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Estrada-Sánchez
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Castro
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenia Portillo-Ortiz
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katrina Jang
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Nedjat-Haiem
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael S Levine
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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48
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Mi DJ, Dixit S, Warner TA, Kennard JA, Scharf DA, Kessler ES, Moore LM, Consoli DC, Bown CW, Eugene AJ, Kang JQ, Harrison FE. Altered glutamate clearance in ascorbate deficient mice increases seizure susceptibility and contributes to cognitive impairment in APP/PSEN1 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:241-254. [PMID: 30172223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate (vitamin C) is critical as a first line of defense antioxidant within the brain, and specifically within the synapse. Ascorbate is released by astrocytes during glutamate clearance and disruption of this exchange mechanism may be critical in mediating glutamate toxicity within the synapse. This is likely even more critical in neurodegenerative disorders with associated excitotoxicity and seizures, in particular Alzheimer's disease, in which ascorbate levels are often low. Using Gulo-/- mice that are dependent on dietary ascorbate, we established that low brain ascorbate increased sensitivity to kainic acid as measured via behavioral observations, electroencephalography (EEG) measurements, and altered regulation of several glutamatergic system genes. Kainic acid-induced immobility was improved in wild-type mice following treatment with ceftriaxone, which upregulates glutamate transporter GLT-1. The same effect was not observed in ascorbate-deficient mice in which sufficient ascorbate is not available for release. A single, mild seizure event was sufficient to disrupt performance in the water maze in low-ascorbate mice and in APPSWE/PSEN1dE9 mice. Together, the data support the critical role of brain ascorbate in maintaining protection during glutamatergic hyperexcitation events, including seizures. The study further supports a role for mild, subclinical seizures in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Mi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shilpy Dixit
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy A Warner
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A Kennard
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel A Scharf
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric S Kessler
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa M Moore
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David C Consoli
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Corey W Bown
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Angeline J Eugene
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jing-Qiong Kang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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49
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Foster JB, Zhao F, Wang X, Xu Z, Lin K, Askwith CC, Hodgetts KJ, Lin CLG. Pyridazine-derivatives Enhance Structural and Functional Plasticity of Tripartite Synapse Via Activation of Local Translation in Astrocytic Processes. Neuroscience 2018; 388:224-238. [PMID: 30056115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is primarily located in perisynaptic astrocytic processes (PAP) where it plays a critical role in synaptic glutamate homeostasis. Dysregulation of EAAT2 at the translational level has been implicated in a myriad of neurological diseases. We previously discovered that pyridazine analogs can activate EAAT2 translation. Here, we sought to further refine the site and mechanism of compound action. We found that in vivo, compound treatment increased EAAT2 expression only in the PAP of astrocytes where EAAT2 mRNA also was identified. Direct application of compound to isolated PAP induced de novo EAAT2 protein synthesis, indicating that compound activates translation locally in the PAP. Using a screening process, we identified a set of PAP proteins that are rapidly up-regulated following compound treatment and a subset of these PAP proteins may be locally synthesized in the PAP. Importantly, these identified proteins are associated with the structural and functional capacity of the PAP, indicating compound enhanced plasticity of the PAP. Concomitantly, we found that pyridazine analogs increase synaptic protein expression in the synapse and enhance hippocampal long-term potentiation. This was not dependent upon compound-mediated local translation in neurons. This suggests that compound enhances the structural and functional capacity of the PAP which in turn facilitates enhanced plasticity of the tripartite synapse. Overall, this provides insight into the mechanism action site of pyridazine derivatives as well as the growing appreciation of the dynamic regulation and functional aspects of the PAP at the tripartite synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zan Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kuanhung Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Candice C Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kevin J Hodgetts
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Chien-Liang Glenn Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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50
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Pham TH, Defaix C, Xu X, Deng SX, Fabresse N, Alvarez JC, Landry DW, Brachman RA, Denny CA, Gardier AM. Common Neurotransmission Recruited in (R,S)-Ketamine and (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine-Induced Sustained Antidepressant-like Effects. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:e3-e6. [PMID: 29174592 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thu Ha Pham
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - Céline Defaix
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York; Organic Chemistry Collaborative Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Shi-Xian Deng
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York; Organic Chemistry Collaborative Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Nicolas Fabresse
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Jean-Claude Alvarez
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Donald W Landry
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York; Organic Chemistry Collaborative Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Christine A Denny
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Alain M Gardier
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay Malabry, France.
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