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Nicosia N, Giovenzana M, Misztak P, Mingardi J, Musazzi L. Glutamate-Mediated Excitotoxicity in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Neurodevelopmental and Adult Mental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6521. [PMID: 38928227 PMCID: PMC11203689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain wherein it controls cognitive functional domains and mood. Indeed, brain areas involved in memory formation and consolidation as well as in fear and emotional processing, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, are predominantly glutamatergic. To ensure the physiological activity of the brain, glutamatergic transmission is finely tuned at synaptic sites. Disruption of the mechanisms responsible for glutamate homeostasis may result in the accumulation of excessive glutamate levels, which in turn leads to increased calcium levels, mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress, and eventually cell atrophy and death. This condition is known as glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and is considered as a pathogenic mechanism in several diseases of the central nervous system, including neurodevelopmental, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, these disorders share neuroplasticity impairments in glutamatergic brain areas, which are accompanied by structural remodeling of glutamatergic neurons. In the current narrative review, we will summarize the role of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in both the pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions of neurodevelopmental and adult mental diseases with a focus on autism spectrum disorders, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. Indeed, glutamatergic drugs are under preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of different mental diseases that share glutamatergic neuroplasticity dysfunctions. Although clinical evidence is still limited and more studies are required, the regulation of glutamate homeostasis is attracting attention as a potential crucial target for the control of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Nicosia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Mattia Giovenzana
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Paulina Misztak
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Jessica Mingardi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Laura Musazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
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2
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Holt LM, Nestler EJ. Astrocytic transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:409-424. [PMID: 37940687 PMCID: PMC11066772 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a leading cause of disease burden worldwide and remains a challenge in current neuroscience research. Drug-induced lasting changes in gene expression are mediated by transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in the brain and are thought to underlie behavioral adaptations. Emerging evidence implicates astrocytes in regulating drug-seeking behaviors and demonstrates robust transcriptional response to several substances of abuse. This review focuses on the astrocytic transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Holt
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Plasil SL, Farris SP, Blednov Y, Mayfield RD, Mangieri RA, Nwokeji UJ, Aziz HC, Lambeth PS, Harris RA, Homanics GE. Mutation of novel ethanol-responsive lncRNA Gm41261 impacts ethanol-related behavioral responses in mice. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 23:e12886. [PMID: 38373108 PMCID: PMC10876150 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol exposure results in widespread dysregulation of gene expression that contributes to the pathogenesis of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Long noncoding RNAs are key regulators of the transcriptome that we hypothesize coordinate alcohol-induced transcriptome dysregulation and contribute to AUD. Based on RNA-Sequencing data of human prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens of AUD versus non-AUD brain, the human LINC01265 and its predicted murine homolog Gm41261 (i.e., TX2) were selected for functional interrogation. We tested the hypothesis that TX2 contributes to ethanol drinking and behavioral responses to ethanol. CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis was used to create a TX2 mutant mouse line in which 306 base-pairs were deleted from the locus. RNA analysis revealed that an abnormal TX2 transcript was produced at an unchanged level in mutant animals. Behaviorally, mutant mice had reduced ethanol, gaboxadol and zolpidem-induced loss of the righting response and reduced tolerance to ethanol in both sexes. In addition, a male-specific reduction in two-bottle choice every-other-day ethanol drinking was observed. Male TX2 mutants exhibited evidence of enhanced GABA release and altered GABAA receptor subunit composition in neurons of the nucleus accumbens shell. In C57BL6/J mice, TX2 within the cortex was cytoplasmic and largely present in Rbfox3+ neurons and IBA1+ microglia, but not in Olig2+ oligodendrocytes or in the majority of GFAP+ astrocytes. These data support the hypothesis that TX2 mutagenesis and dysregulation impacts ethanol drinking behavior and ethanol-induced behavioral responses in mice, likely through alterations in the GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Plasil
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - S. P. Farris
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- The Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Y. Blednov
- The Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - R. D. Mayfield
- The Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - R. A. Mangieri
- The Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of PharmacyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - U. J. Nwokeji
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - H. C. Aziz
- The Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of PharmacyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - P. S. Lambeth
- The Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - R. A. Harris
- The Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - G. E. Homanics
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of NeurobiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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4
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Brewton HW, Robinson SL, Thiele TE. Astrocyte expression in the extended amygdala of C57BL/6J mice is sex-dependently affected by chronic intermittent and binge-like ethanol exposure. Alcohol 2023; 108:55-64. [PMID: 36539069 PMCID: PMC10033386 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive ethanol drinking is a major problem within the United States, causing alterations in brain plasticity and neurocognitive function. Astrocytes are glial cells that regulate neurosynaptic plasticity, modulate neurochemicals, and monitor other homeostatic roles. Astrocytes have been found to play a part in modulating excessive ethanol consumption. The basolateral amygdala (BLA), central amygdala (CeA), and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) are brain regions that process stress, anxiety, and reward; they are also implicated in modulating ethanol intake. Little is understood, however, about how astrocyte expression in each region is modulated by chronic and binge-like ethanol drinking patterns. In the present report, we utilized two separate animal models of excessive drinking: chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) and "Drinking-in-the-dark" (DID). Following these paradigms, animal brains were processed through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Collected data illustrated a sex-dependent relationship between ethanol intake and GFAP immunoreactivity (IR) in the BLA and BNST, but not in the CeA. Specifically, CIE and DID ethanol drinking resulted in blunted GFAP-IR (specifically via GFAP-positive cell count) in the BLA and BNST, particularly in males. These findings may implicate sex-dependent ethanol-induced changes in BLA and BNST astrocytes, providing a potential therapeutic target for anxiety and stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoreé W Brewton
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, United States
| | - Stacey L Robinson
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, United States; The Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3270, United States
| | - Todd E Thiele
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, United States; The Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3270, United States.
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Miguel-Hidalgo JJ. Astroglia in the Vulnerability and Maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 26:255-279. [PMID: 34888838 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes induced in the morphology and the multiplicity of functional roles played by astrocytes in brain regions critical to the establishment and maintenance of alcohol abuse suggest that they make an important contribution to the vulnerability to alcohol use disorders. The understanding of the relevant mechanisms accounting for that contribution is complicated by the fact that alcohol itself acts directly on astrocytes altering their metabolism, gene expression, and plasticity, so that the ultimate result is a complex interaction of various cellular pathways, including intracellular calcium regulation, neuroimmune responses, and regulation of neurotransmitter and gliotransmitter release and uptake. The recent years have seen a steady increase in the characterization of several of the relevant mechanisms, but much remains to be done for a full understanding of the astrocytes' contribution to the vulnerability to alcohol dependence and abuse and for using that knowledge in designing effective therapies for AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Miguel-Hidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Liu HP, Wei JCC, Yip HT, Yeh MH. Association of Insomnia, Depressive Disorders, and Mood Disorders as Risk Factors With Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study of 232,108 Women in Taiwan. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757626. [PMID: 34707998 PMCID: PMC8542844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insomnia, depressive disorders, and to a more general view, mood disorders are raising people’s concerns and causing disability of life. Herein, we try to seek the association of such illnesses with subsequent breast cancer. Methods This population-based, retrospective cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. This study included 232,108 women diagnosed with insomnia, depressive disorders, and mood disorders from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2013. Physician diagnosed insomnia, depressive disorders, or mood disorders using outpatient and inpatient records before diagnosis of breast cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis is adjusted for women with insomnia, depressive disorders, mood disorders, and other factors like insured amount, urbanization, and comorbidities such as having subsequent breast cancer. Results Sleep medication was associated with a significantly increased incidence rate of breast cancer (aHR = 1.23 (95% CI = 1.13, 1.35), p < 0.001). Insomnia was associated with significant increased hazard of breast cancer (aHR = 1.16 (95% CI = 1.07, 1.27), p < 0.001). Annual insured amount >20,000 (TWD), high urbanization area, and hyperlipidemia were associated with increased hazard of breast cancer (aHR = 1.13 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.27), p = 0.04; aHR = 1.41 (95% CI = 1.17, 1.71), p < 0.001; aHR = 1.14 995% CI = 1.02, 1.29), p = 0.02, respectively). There was a positive correlation between depressive disorders and increased incidence rate of breast cancer but not statistically significant (aHR = 1.11 (95% CI = 0.99, 1.25), p = 0.08). Mood disorders were not associated with increased hazard (aHR = 1.11 (95% CI = 0.91, 1.34), p = 0.31). Conclusion In this study, women with insomnia had increased risk of breast cancer, particularly those in high urbanization or with high insured amounts. Sleep medication (benzodiazepine (BZD) or non-BZD) and hyperlipidemia were independently associated with a higher hazard ratio of breast cancer. Insomnia along with sleep medication did not yield more hazards than each alone. Mood disorders appeared to be not associated with subsequent breast cancer. However, depressive disorders, the subgroups of mood disorders, could possibly increase the incidence rate of breast cancer though not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Pu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Tung Yip
- Management Office for Health Data, Clinical Trial Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsin Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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The Emerging Role of LHb CaMKII in the Comorbidity of Depressive and Alcohol Use Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218123. [PMID: 33143210 PMCID: PMC7663385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders and alcohol use disorders are widespread among the general population and are significant public health and economic burdens. Alcohol use disorders often co-occur with other psychiatric conditions and this dual diagnosis is called comorbidity. Depressive disorders invariably contribute to the development and worsening of alcohol use disorders, and vice versa. The mechanisms underlying these disorders and their comorbidities remain unclear. Recently, interest in the lateral habenula, a small epithalamic brain structure, has increased because it becomes hyperactive in depression and alcohol use disorders, and can inhibit dopamine and serotonin neurons in the midbrain reward center, the hypofunction of which is believed to be a critical contributor to the etiology of depressive disorders and alcohol use disorders as well as their comorbidities. Additionally, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the lateral habenula has emerged as a critical player in the etiology of these comorbidities. This review analyzes the interplay of CaMKII signaling in the lateral habenula associated with depressive disorders and alcohol use disorders, in addition to the often-comorbid nature of these disorders. Although most of the CaMKII signaling pathway's core components have been discovered, much remains to be learned about the biochemical events that propagate and link between depression and alcohol abuse. As the field rapidly advances, it is expected that further understanding of the pathology involved will allow for targeted treatments.
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Kamal H, Tan GC, Ibrahim SF, Shaikh MF, Mohamed IN, Mohamed RMP, Hamid AA, Ugusman A, Kumar J. Alcohol Use Disorder, Neurodegeneration, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Neuroimmune Response and Excitotoxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:282. [PMID: 33061892 PMCID: PMC7488355 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Prolonged excessive alcohol intake contributes to increased production of reactive oxygen species that triggers neuroimmune response and cellular apoptosis and necrosis via lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial, protein or DNA damage. Long term binge alcohol consumption also upregulates glutamate receptors, glucocorticoids and reduces reuptake of glutamate in the central nervous system, resulting in glutamate excitotoxicity, and eventually mitochondrial injury and cell death. In this review, we delineate the following principles in alcohol-induced neurodegeneration: (1) alcohol-induced oxidative stress, (2) neuroimmune response toward increased oxidants and lipopolysaccharide, (3) glutamate excitotoxicity and cell injury, and (4) interplay between oxidative stress, neuroimmune response and excitotoxicity leading to neurodegeneration and (5) potential chronic alcohol intake-induced development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haziq Kamal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rashidi M. Pakri Mohamed
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Fructuoso M, Gu YC, Kassis N, de Lagran MM, Dierssen M, Janel N. Ethanol-Induced Changes in Brain of Transgenic Mice Overexpressing DYRK1A. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3195-3205. [PMID: 32504418 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder defined by loss of control over excessive consumption of ethanol despite damaging effects on the liver and brain. We previously showed that the overexpression in mice of Dyrk1A (TgDyrk1A, for dual-specificity tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A) reduces the severity of alcohol mediated liver injury. Ethanol consumption has also been associated with increased brain glutamate concentration that led to therapies targeting glutamatergic receptors and normalization of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Interestingly, mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (TgDyrk1A mice) present a reduction of glutamatergic brain transmission, which we propose could be protective against alcohol intake. To answer this question, we investigated the ethanol preference in TgDyrk1A mice using a two-bottle choice paradigm. TgDyrk1A mice showed a non-significant decrease of voluntary ethanol intake and ethanol preference compared with wild-type mice. At the peripheral level, mice overexpressing Dyrk1A show lower ethanol plasma levels, indicating a faster ethanol metabolism. At the end of the protocol, lasting 21 days, brains were extracted for protein analysis. Ethanol reduced levels of the synaptic protein PSD-95 and increased the glutamate decarboxylase GAD65, specifically in the cortex of TgDyrk1A mice. Our results suggest that overexpression of DYRK1A may cause different ethanol-induced changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fructuoso
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Pompeu Fabra University (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France
| | - Yu Chen Gu
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Maria Martinez de Lagran
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Pompeu Fabra University (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Pompeu Fabra University (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France.
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Blaker AL, Moore ER, Yamamoto BK. Serial exposure to ethanol drinking and methamphetamine enhances glutamate excitotoxicity. J Neurochem 2019; 151:749-763. [PMID: 31478210 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A significant comorbidity exists between alcohol and methamphetamine (Meth) abuse but the neurochemical consequences of this co-abuse are unknown. Alcohol and Meth independently and differentially affect glutamatergic transmission but the unique effects of their serial exposure on glutamate signaling in mediating damage to dopamine neurons are unknown. Sprague-Dawley rats had intermittent voluntary access to 10% ethanol (EtOH) every other day and water over 28 days and were then administered a binge injection regimen of Meth or saline. EtOH drinking decreased the glutamate aspartate transporter and increased basal extracellular concentrations of glutamate within the striatum when measured after the last day of drinking. Ceftriaxone is known to increase the expression and/or activity of glutamate transporters in the brain and prevented both the decreases in glutamate aspartate transporter and the increases in basal extracellular glutamate when administered during EtOH drinking. EtOH drinking also exacerbated the acute increases in extracellular glutamate observed upon Meth exposure, the subsequent increases in spectrin proteolysis, and the long-term decreases in dopamine content in the striatum, all of which were attenuated by ceftriaxone administration during EtOH drinking only. These results implicate EtOH-induced increases in extracellular glutamate and corresponding decreases in glutamate uptake as mechanisms that contribute to the vulnerability produced by EtOH drinking and the unique neurotoxicity observed after serial exposure to Meth that is not observed with either drug alone. Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Blaker
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Moore
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bryan K Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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11
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McClintick JN, Tischfield JA, Deng L, Kapoor M, Xuei X, Edenberg HJ. Ethanol activates immune response in lymphoblastoid cells. Alcohol 2019; 79:81-91. [PMID: 30639126 PMCID: PMC6616005 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The short-term effects of alcohol on gene expression in brain tissue cannot directly be studied in humans. Because neuroimmune signaling is altered by alcohol, immune cells are a logical, accessible choice to study and may provide biomarkers. RNAseq was used to study the effects of 48-h exposure to ethanol on lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 20 alcoholic subjects and 20 control subjects. Ethanol exposure resulted in differential expression of 4456 of the 12,503 genes detectably expressed in the LCLs (FDR [false discovery rate] ≤ 0.05); 52% of these showed increased expression. Cells from alcoholic subjects and control subjects responded similarly. The genes whose expression changed fell into many pathways: NFκB, neuroinflammation, IL6, IL2, IL8, and dendritic cell maturation pathways were activated, consistent with increased signaling by NFκB, TNF, IL1, IL4, IL18, TLR4, and LPS. Signaling by Interferons A and B decreased, as did EIF2 signaling, phospholipase C signaling, and glycolysis. Baseline gene expression patterns were similar in LCLs from alcoholic subjects and control subjects. At relaxed stringency (p < 0.05), 465 genes differed, 230 of which were also affected by ethanol. There was a suggestion of compensation because baseline differences (no ethanol) were in the opposite direction of differences due to ethanol exposure in 78% of these genes. Pathways with IL8, phospholipase C, and α-adrenergic signaling were significant. The pattern of expression was consistent with increased signaling by several cytokines, including interferons, TLR2, and TLR3 in alcoholics. Expression of genes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, including the rate-limiting enzyme HMGCR, was lower in alcoholic subjects. LCLs show many effects of ethanol exposure, some of which might provide biomarkers for alcohol use disorders. Identifying genes and pathways altered by ethanol can aid in interpreting which genes within loci identified by GWAS might play functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States.
| | - Jay A Tischfield
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States
| | - Manav Kapoor
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States; Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
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12
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Fang HF, Lee TY, Hui KC, Yim HCH, Chi MJ, Chung MH. Association between Sedative-hypnotics and Subsequent Cancer in Patients with and without Insomnia: A 14-year Follow-up Study in Taiwan. J Cancer 2019; 10:2288-2298. [PMID: 31258732 PMCID: PMC6584417 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this population-based 14-year historical and prospective study was to determine the relationships between the usage of sedative-hypnotics, including benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepines, and the risk of subsequent cancer in patients with or without insomnia among the Taiwanese population. Methods: A total of 43,585 patients were recruited, 21,330 of whom had been diagnosed with insomnia and 8,717 who had been prescribed sedative-hypnotics during this study's following period of 2002 to 2015. Information from the claims data, namely basic demographic details, drug prescriptions, comorbidities, and patients' survival, was extracted from the National Health Insurance Research Database for χ2 analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compute the 14-year cancer-free survival rates after adjustment for confounding factors. Results: Patients with insomnia who used sedative-hypnotics had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.49 compared with patients with insomnia who did not use any sedative-hypnotics, and patients without insomnia who used sedative-hypnotics had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.68 compared with patients without insomnia who did not use any sedative-hypnotics. Regarding site-specific risk, patients with insomnia who used sedative-hypnotics had an increased risk of oral and breast cancers, and patients without insomnia who received sedative-hypnotics prescriptions had an increased risk of liver and breast cancers. The cancer-free survival rate of patients who had used sedative-hypnotics was significantly lower than that of patients who had never used sedative-hypnotics. Conclusions: The use of sedative-hypnotics in patients either with or without insomnia was associated with subsequent cancer development in the Taiwanese population. Increased risks of oral, liver, and breast cancer were found in the patients with the use of sedative-hypnotics. The use of sedative-hypnotics should be discouraged for treating patients with or without insomnia in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fen Fang
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yin Lee
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - King Cheung Hui
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Howard Chi Ho Yim
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mei-Ju Chi
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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13
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Ueno F, Suzuki T, Nakajima S, Matsushita S, Mimura M, Miyazaki T, Takahashi T, Uchida H. Alteration in AMPA receptor subunit expression and receptor binding among patients with addictive disorders: A systematic review of human postmortem studies. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:148-155. [PMID: 31070872 PMCID: PMC7292281 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Altered trafficking of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors has been reported in postmortem studies and suggested the involvement of AMPA receptors in the pathophysiology underpinning addictive disorders. However, these findings seemed mixed. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted, using PubMed and Embase (last search, August 2018), to identify human postmortem studies that examined the expression of proteins and mRNA of AMPA receptor subunits in patients with addictive disorders in comparison with healthy controls. Results Twelve (18 studies) out of 954 articles were identified to be relevant. Eight studies included alcohol use disorders, and four studies included heroin/cocaine abusers. The most frequently investigated regions were the hippocampus (three studies), amygdala (three studies), and putamen (three studies). In summary, two out of the three studies showed an increase in the expression of AMPA receptors in the hippocampus, while the other study found no change. Two studies to examine the amygdala demonstrated either a decreased or no change in receptor expression or binding. Concerning putamen, two studies showed no significant change whereas an overexpression of receptors was observed in the other. Conclusions and Scientific Significance The hippocampus and amygdala may be pertinent to addictive disorders through their functions on learning and memory, whereas findings in other regions were inconsistent across the studies. Human postmortem studies are prone to degenerative changes after death. Moreover, only qualitative assessment was conducted because of the limited, heterogenous data. These limitations emphasize the need to investigate AMPA receptors in the living human brains. Postmortem studies on AMPA receptors in patients with addiction show that the hippocampus and amygdala may be pertinent to addictive disorders through their functions on learning and memory, whereas findings in other regions were inconsistent across the studies. Human postmortem studies are prone to degenerative changes after death, which emphasizes the need to investigate AMPA receptors in the living human brains.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Ueno
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takefumi Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Ethics, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachio Matsushita
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Geriatric Mental Health Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Egervari G, Kozlenkov A, Dracheva S, Hurd YL. Molecular windows into the human brain for psychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:653-673. [PMID: 29955163 PMCID: PMC6310674 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Delineating the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders has been extremely challenging but technological advances in recent decades have facilitated a deeper interrogation of molecular processes in the human brain. Initial candidate gene expression studies of the postmortem brain have evolved into genome wide profiling of the transcriptome and the epigenome, a critical regulator of gene expression. Here, we review the potential and challenges of direct molecular characterization of the postmortem human brain, and provide a brief overview of recent transcriptional and epigenetic studies with respect to neuropsychiatric disorders. Such information can now be leveraged and integrated with the growing number of genome-wide association databases to provide a functional context of trait-associated genetic variants linked to psychiatric illnesses and related phenotypes. While it is clear that the field is still developing and challenges remain to be surmounted, these recent advances nevertheless hold tremendous promise for delineating the neurobiological underpinnings of mental diseases and accelerating the development of novel medication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Egervari
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Addiction Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alexey Kozlenkov
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Stella Dracheva
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hurd
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Addiction Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Role of glutamatergic system and mesocorticolimbic circuits in alcohol dependence. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 171:32-49. [PMID: 30316901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that alcohol dependence is associated with dysregulation of several neurotransmitters. Alterations in dopamine, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid release are linked to chronic alcohol exposure. The effects of alcohol on the glutamatergic system in the mesocorticolimbic areas have been investigated extensively. Several studies have demonstrated dysregulation in the glutamatergic systems in animal models exposed to alcohol. Alcohol exposure can lead to an increase in extracellular glutamate concentrations in mesocorticolimbic brain regions. In addition, alcohol exposure affects the expression and functions of several glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters in these brain regions. In this review, we discussed the effects of alcohol exposure on glutamate receptors, glutamate transporters and glutamate homeostasis in each area of the mesocorticolimbic system. In addition, we discussed the genetic aspect of alcohol associated with glutamate and reward circuitry. We also discussed the potential therapeutic role of glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters in each brain region for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Finally, we provided some limitations on targeting the glutamatergic system for potential therapeutic options for the treatment alcohol use disorders.
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16
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Glucocorticoid receptors in the basolateral amygdala mediated the restraint stress-induced reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking behaviors in rats. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:150-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Kashem MA, Sultana N, Balcar VJ. Exposure of Rat Neural Stem Cells to Ethanol Affects Cell Numbers and Alters Expression of 28 Proteins. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1841-1854. [PMID: 30043189 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Developing brain cells express many proteins but little is known of how their protein composition responds to chronic exposure to alcohol and/or how such changes might relate to alcohol toxicity. We used cultures derived from embryonic rat brain (previously shown to contain mostly neural stem cells; rat NSC, rNSC), exposed them to ethanol (25-100 mM) for up to 96 h and studied how they reacted. Ethanol (50 and 100 mM) reduced cell numbers indicating either compromised cell proliferation, cytotoxicity or both. Increased lipid peroxidation was consistent with the presence of oxidative stress accompanying alcohol-induced cytotoxicity. Proteomics revealed 28 proteins as altered by ethanol (50 mM for 96 h). Some were constituents of cytoskeleton, others were involved in transcription/translation, signal transduction and oxidative stress. Nucleophosmin (NPM1) and dead-end protein homolog 1 (DND1) were further studied by immunological techniques in cultured neurons and astrocytes (derived from brain tissue at embryonic ages E15 and E20, respectively). In the case of DND1 (but not NPM1) ethanol induced similar pattern of changes in both types of cells. Given the critical role of the protein NPM1 in cell proliferation and differentiation, its reduced expression in the ethanol-exposed rNSC could, in part, explain the lower cells numbers. We conclude that chronic ethanol profoundly alters protein composition of rNSC to the extent that their functioning-including proliferation and survival-would be seriously compromised. Translated to humans, such changes could point the way towards mechanisms underlying the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and/or alcoholism later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Kashem
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Bosch Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Anderson Stuart Building F13, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Nilufa Sultana
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Bosch Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Anderson Stuart Building F13, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Vladimir J Balcar
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Bosch Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Anderson Stuart Building F13, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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18
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Moaddab M, Mangone E, Ray MH, McDannald MA. Adolescent Alcohol Drinking Renders Adult Drinking BLA-Dependent: BLA Hyper-Activity as Contributor to Comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder and Anxiety Disorders. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7110151. [PMID: 29135933 PMCID: PMC5704158 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol drinking increases the risk for alcohol-use disorder in adulthood. Yet, the changes in adult neural function resulting from adolescent alcohol drinking remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that adolescent alcohol drinking alters basolateral amygdala (BLA) function, making alcohol drinking BLA-dependent in adulthood. Male, Long Evans rats were given voluntary, intermittent access to alcohol (20% ethanol) or a bitter, isocaloric control solution, across adolescence. Half of the rats in each group received neurotoxic BLA lesions. In adulthood, all rats were given voluntary, intermittent access to alcohol. BLA lesions reduced adult alcohol drinking in rats receiving adolescent access to alcohol, but not in rats receiving adolescent access to the control solution. The effect of the BLA lesion was most apparent in high alcohol drinking adolescent rats. The BLA is essential for fear learning and is hyper-active in anxiety disorders. The results are consistent with adolescent heavy alcohol drinking inducing BLA hyper-activity, providing a neural mechanism for comorbid alcohol use disorder and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moaddab
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Mangone
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
| | - Madelyn H Ray
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
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19
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Li J, Kang S, Fu R, Wu L, Wu W, Liu H, Gregor D, Zuo W, Bekker A, Ye JH. Inhibition of AMPA receptor and CaMKII activity in the lateral habenula reduces depressive-like behavior and alcohol intake in rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:108-120. [PMID: 28865912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a well-known risk factor for developing relapse drinking, but the neuronal mechanisms underlying the interactions between depression and alcohol use disorders remain elusive. Accumulating evidence has associated depression with hyperactivity of the lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic structure in the brain that encodes aversive signals. Glutamate receptors contribute substantially to the excitability of LHb neurons. Glutamatergic synapses in LHb neurons largely express GluA1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR) that can be modulated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein II (CaMKII). In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that withdrawal from repeated cycles of ethanol drinking triggers an increase in LHb AMPAR and CaMKII activity concomitant with depression-like symptoms, and their inhibitions bring a reduction in depressive-like behaviors and alcohol consumption. Western blotting revealed a higher level of phosphorylated AMPAR GluA1 subunit at a CaMKII locus (GluA1-Ser831) in the LHb of ethanol-withdrawn rats than that of age-matched naïve counterparts. In ethanol-withdrawn rats, pharmacological inhibition of LHb AMPAR activity significantly mitigated the depressive-like behavior and ethanol drinking and seeking behaviors, but affected neither sucrose intake nor locomotor activity; and inhibition of LHb CaMKII activity, or chemogenetic inhibition of LHb activity produced similar effects. Conversely, activation of LHb AMPARs induced depressive-like behaviors in ethanol-naïve rats. These results demonstrate that CaMKII-AMPAR signaling in the LHb exemplifies a molecular basis for depressive-like symptoms during ethanol withdrawal and that inhibition of this signaling pathway may offer a new therapeutic approach to address the comorbidity of alcohol abuse and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Seungwoo Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Liangzhi Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Danielle Gregor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jiang-Hong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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20
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Cannady R, Fisher KR, Graham C, Crayle J, Besheer J, Hodge CW. Potentiation of amygdala AMPA receptor activity selectively promotes escalated alcohol self-administration in a CaMKII-dependent manner. Addict Biol 2017; 22:652-664. [PMID: 26742808 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that drugs of abuse gain control over the individual by usurping glutamate-linked mechanisms of neuroplasticity in reward-related brain regions. Accordingly, we have shown that glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) activity in the amygdala is required for the positive reinforcing effects of alcohol, which underlie the initial stages of addiction. It is unknown, however, if enhanced AMPAR activity in the amygdala facilitates alcohol self-administration, which is a kernel premise of glutamate hypotheses of addiction. Here, we show that low-dose alcohol (0.6 g/kg/30 minutes) self-administration increases phosphorylation (activation) of AMPAR subtype GluA1 S831 (pGluA1 S831) in the central amygdala (CeA), basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) of selectively bred alcohol-preferring P-rats as compared with behavior-matched (non-drug) sucrose controls. The functional role of enhanced AMPAR activity was assessed via site-specific infusion of the AMPAR positive modulator, aniracetam, in the CeA and AcbC prior to alcohol self-administration. Intra-CeA aniracetam increased alcohol-reinforced but not sucrose-reinforced responding and was ineffective following intra-AcbC infusion. Because GluA1 S831 is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) substrate, we sought to determine if AMPAR regulation of enhanced alcohol self-administration is dependent on CaMKII activity. Intra-CeA infusion of the cell-permeable CaMKII peptide inhibitor myristolated autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (m-AIP) dose-dependently reduced alcohol self-administration. A subthreshold dose of m-AIP also blocked the aniracetam-induced escalation of alcohol self-administration, demonstrating that AMPAR-mediated potentiation of alcohol reinforcement requires CaMKII activity in the amygdala. Enhanced activity of plasticity-linked AMPAR-CaMKII signaling in the amygdala may promote escalated alcohol use via increased positive reinforcement during the initial stages of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Cannady
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
- Curriculum in Neurobiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Kristen R. Fisher
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Caitlin Graham
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Jesse Crayle
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Joyce Besheer
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
- Curriculum in Neurobiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
- Department of Psychiatry; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Clyde W. Hodge
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
- Curriculum in Neurobiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
- Department of Psychiatry; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
- Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
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21
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Analyses of differentially expressed genes after exposure to acute stress, acute ethanol, or a combination of both in mice. Alcohol 2017; 58:139-151. [PMID: 28027852 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a complex disorder, which is confounded by other factors, including stress. In the present study, we examined gene expression in the hippocampus of BXD recombinant inbred mice after exposure to ethanol (NOE), stress (RSS), and the combination of both (RSE). Mice were given an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 1.8 g/kg ethanol or saline, and subsets of both groups were exposed to acute restraint stress for 15 min or controls. Gene expression in the hippocampus was examined using microarray analysis. Genes that were significantly (p < 0.05, q < 0.1) differentially expressed were further evaluated. Bioinformatic analyses were predominantly performed using tools available at GeneNetwork.org, and included gene ontology, presence of cis-regulation or polymorphisms, phenotype correlations, and principal component analyses. Comparisons of differential gene expression between groups showed little overlap. Gene Ontology demonstrated distinct biological processes in each group with the combined exposure (RSE) being unique from either the ethanol (NOE) or stress (RSS) group, suggesting that the interaction between these variables is mediated through diverse molecular pathways. This supports the hypothesis that exposure to stress alters ethanol-induced gene expression changes and that exposure to alcohol alters stress-induced gene expression changes. Behavior was profiled in all groups following treatment, and many of the differentially expressed genes are correlated with behavioral variation within experimental groups. Interestingly, in each group several genes were correlated with the same phenotype, suggesting that these genes are the potential origins of significant genetic networks. The distinct sets of differentially expressed genes within each group provide the basis for identifying molecular networks that may aid in understanding the complex interactions between stress and ethanol, and potentially provide relevant therapeutic targets. Using Ptp4a1, a candidate gene underlying the quantitative trait locus for several of these phenotypes, and network analyses, we show that a large group of differentially expressed genes in the NOE group are highly interrelated, some of which have previously been linked to alcohol addiction or alcohol-related phenotypes.
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22
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Bell RL, Hauser S, Rodd ZA, Liang T, Sari Y, McClintick J, Rahman S, Engleman EA. A Genetic Animal Model of Alcoholism for Screening Medications to Treat Addiction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 126:179-261. [PMID: 27055615 PMCID: PMC4851471 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to present up-to-date pharmacological, genetic, and behavioral findings from the alcohol-preferring P rat and summarize similar past work. Behaviorally, the focus will be on how the P rat meets criteria put forth for a valid animal model of alcoholism with a highlight on its use as an animal model of polysubstance abuse, including alcohol, nicotine, and psychostimulants. Pharmacologically and genetically, the focus will be on the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems that have received the most attention: cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, corticotrophin releasing hormone, opioid, and neuropeptide Y. Herein, we sought to place the P rat's behavioral and neurochemical phenotypes, and to some extent its genotype, in the context of the clinical literature. After reviewing the findings thus far, this chapter discusses future directions for expanding the use of this genetic animal model of alcoholism to identify molecular targets for treating drug addiction in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Bell
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - S Hauser
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Z A Rodd
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - T Liang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Y Sari
- University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - J McClintick
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - S Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - E A Engleman
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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23
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Bender CL, Calfa GD, Molina VA. Astrocyte plasticity induced by emotional stress: A new partner in psychiatric physiopathology? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 65:68-77. [PMID: 26320029 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that astrocytes play a pivotal role in the normal functioning of the nervous system. This new conceptual framework has set the groundwork to be able to hypothesize that astrocytes could underlie signs and symptoms of mental diseases. Stress is a major risk factor in the etiology of several psychiatric diseases, such as anxiety disorders and depression. Hence, understanding the effects of stress on astrocytes and how these changes contribute to the development of psychiatric endophenotypes is crucial for both a better comprehension of mental illness and for potential targeted treatment of stress-related mental disorders. Here, we describe the currently used approaches and recent evidence showing astrocyte alterations induced by chronic and acute stress in animals. In addition, the relevance of these changes in stress-induced behavioral sequelae and human data linking astrocytes with neuropsychiatric disorders related to stress are also discussed. All together, the data indicate that astrocytes are also an important target of stress, with both chronic and acute stressors being able to alter the morphology or the expression of several astrocyte specific proteins in brain areas that are known to play a critical role in emotional processing, such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. Furthermore, different lines of evidences suggest that these changes may contribute, at less in part, to the behavioral consequences of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crhistian L Bender
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Gaston D Calfa
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victor A Molina
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina
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CB1 Cannabinoid Agonist (WIN55,212-2) Within the Basolateral Amygdala Induced Sensitization to Morphine and Increased the Level of μ-Opioid Receptor and c-fos in the Nucleus Accumbens. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 58:446-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bell RL, Hauser SR, McClintick J, Rahman S, Edenberg HJ, Szumlinski KK, McBride WJ. Ethanol-Associated Changes in Glutamate Reward Neurocircuitry: A Minireview of Clinical and Preclinical Genetic Findings. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 137:41-85. [PMID: 26809998 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have reviewed the role of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, in a number of neurochemical, -physiological, and -behavioral processes mediating the development of alcohol dependence. The findings discussed include results from both preclinical as well as neuroimaging and postmortem clinical studies. Expression levels for a number of glutamate-associated genes and/or proteins are modulated by alcohol abuse and dependence. These changes in expression include metabotropic receptors and ionotropic receptor subunits as well as different glutamate transporters. Moreover, these changes in gene expression parallel the pharmacologic manipulation of these same receptors and transporters. Some of these gene expression changes may have predated alcohol abuse and dependence because a number of glutamate-associated polymorphisms are related to a genetic predisposition to develop alcohol dependence. Other glutamate-associated polymorphisms are linked to age at the onset of alcohol-dependence and initial level of response/sensitivity to alcohol. Finally, findings of innate and/or ethanol-induced glutamate-associated gene expression differences/changes observed in a genetic animal model of alcoholism, the P rat, are summarized. Overall, the existing literature indicates that changes in glutamate receptors, transporters, enzymes, and scaffolding proteins are crucial for the development of alcohol dependence and there is a substantial genetic component to these effects. This indicates that continued research into the genetic underpinnings of these glutamate-associated effects will provide important novel molecular targets for treating alcohol abuse and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Sheketha R Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeanette McClintick
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana , USA
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana , USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - William J McBride
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Rao PSS, Bell RL, Engleman EA, Sari Y. Targeting glutamate uptake to treat alcohol use disorders. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:144. [PMID: 25954150 PMCID: PMC4407613 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism is a serious public health concern that is characterized by the development of tolerance to alcohol's effects, increased consumption, loss of control over drinking and the development of physical dependence. This cycle is often times punctuated by periods of abstinence, craving and relapse. The development of tolerance and the expression of withdrawal effects, which manifest as dependence, have been to a great extent attributed to neuroadaptations within the mesocorticolimbic and extended amygdala systems. Alcohol affects various neurotransmitter systems in the brain including the adrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, peptidergic, and serotonergic systems. Due to the myriad of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems affected by alcohol, the efficacies of current pharmacotherapies targeting alcohol dependence are limited. Importantly, research findings of changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission induced by alcohol self- or experimenter-administration have resulted in a focus on therapies targeting glutamatergic receptors and normalization of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Glutamatergic receptors implicated in the effects of ethanol include the ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPA, Kainate, and NMDA) and some metabotropic glutamate receptors. Regarding glutamatergic homeostasis, ceftriaxone, MS-153, and GPI-1046, which upregulate glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) expression in mesocorticolimbic brain regions, reduce alcohol intake in genetic animal models of alcoholism. Given the hyperglutamatergic/hyperexcitable state of the central nervous system induced by chronic alcohol abuse and withdrawal, the evidence thus far indicates that a restoration of glutamatergic concentrations and activity within the mesocorticolimbic system and extended amygdala as well as multiple memory systems holds great promise for the treatment of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S S Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eric A Engleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
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McClintick JN, McBride WJ, Bell RL, Ding ZM, Liu Y, Xuei X, Edenberg HJ. Gene expression changes in serotonin, GABA-A receptors, neuropeptides and ion channels in the dorsal raphe nucleus of adolescent alcohol-preferring (P) rats following binge-like alcohol drinking. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 129:87-96. [PMID: 25542586 PMCID: PMC4302739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol binge-drinking during adolescence is a serious public health concern with long-term consequences. We used RNA sequencing to assess the effects of excessive adolescent ethanol binge-drinking on gene expression in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of alcohol preferring (P) rats. Repeated binges across adolescence (three 1h sessions across the dark-cycle per day, 5 days per week for 3 weeks starting at 28 days of age; ethanol intakes of 2.5-3 g/kg/session) significantly altered the expression of approximately one-third of the detected genes. Multiple neurotransmitter systems were altered, with the largest changes in the serotonin system (21 of 23 serotonin-related genes showed decreased expression) and GABA-A receptors (8 decreased and 2 increased). Multiple neuropeptide systems were also altered, with changes in the neuropeptide Y and corticotropin-releasing hormone systems similar to those associated with increased drinking and decreased resistance to stress. There was increased expression of 21 of 32 genes for potassium channels. Expression of downstream targets of CREB signaling was increased. There were also changes in expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes, axonal guidance, growth factors, transcription factors, and several intracellular signaling pathways. These widespread changes indicate that excessive binge drinking during adolescence alters the functioning of the DRN and likely its modulation of many regions of the central nervous system, including the mesocorticolimbic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - William J McBride
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Richard L Bell
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Zheng-Ming Ding
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in the basolateral amygdala is critical for nicotine-induced behavioural sensitization. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1881-94. [PMID: 24916432 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145714000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated exposure to nicotine increases psychomotor activity. Long-lasting neural plasticity changes that contribute to the nicotine-induced development of locomotor sensitization have been identified. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling pathway is involved in regulating the neuroplasticity of the central nervous system. In this study, we examined the role of mTORC1 in the amygdala in nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1, was infused into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and central amygdala (CeA) or systemically administered to investigate the role of the mTORC1 in the development and expression of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization. We found that locomotor activity progressively increased during the initiation of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization and the expression of nicotine sensitization was induced by nicotine challenge injection (0.35 mg/kg s.c.) after five days of withdrawal. The initiation of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization was accompanied by the increased phosphorylated level of mTORC1 downstream target proteins including p-p70s6k and p-4EBP in the BLA, but not CeA. Intra-BLA infusion or systemic administration of rapamycin blocked locomotor activity. Increased p-p70s6k and p-4EBP were also observed in the expression of nicotine sensitization, which was demonstrated to be inhibited by systemic rapamycin administration. Our findings indicated that mTORC1 activity in the BLA, but not the CeA, mediated the initiation and expression of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization, and may become a potential target for the treatment of nicotine addiction.
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Jin Z, Bhandage AK, Bazov I, Kononenko O, Bakalkin G, Korpi ER, Birnir B. Expression of specific ionotropic glutamate and GABA-A receptor subunits is decreased in central amygdala of alcoholics. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:288. [PMID: 25278838 PMCID: PMC4165314 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The central amygdala (CeA) has a role for mediating fear and anxiety responses. It is also involved in emotional imbalance caused by alcohol abuse and dependence and in regulating relapse to alcohol abuse. Growing evidences suggest that excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) transmissions in the CeA are affected by chronic alcohol exposure. Human post-mortem CeA samples from male alcoholics (n = 9) and matched controls (n = 9) were assayed for the expression level of ionotropic glutamate and GABA-A receptors subunit mRNAs using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR). Our data revealed that out of the 16 ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits, mRNAs encoding two AMPA [2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid] receptor subunits GluA1 and GluA4; one kainate receptor subunit GluK2; one NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor subunit GluN2D and one delta receptor subunit GluD2 were significantly decreased in the CeA of alcoholics. In contrast, of the 19 GABA-A receptor subunits, only the mRNA encoding the α2 subunit was significantly down-regulated in the CeA of the alcoholics as compared with control subjects. Our findings imply that the down-regulation of specific ionotropic glutamate and GABA-A receptor subunits in the CeA of alcoholics may represent one of the molecular substrates underlying the new balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jin
- Molecular Physiology and Neuroscience Unit, Neuroscience, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amol K Bhandage
- Molecular Physiology and Neuroscience Unit, Neuroscience, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Igor Bazov
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Kononenko
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georgy Bakalkin
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Esa R Korpi
- Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bryndis Birnir
- Molecular Physiology and Neuroscience Unit, Neuroscience, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
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McClintick JN, Brooks AI, Deng L, Liang L, Wang JC, Kapoor M, Xuei X, Foroud T, Tischfield JA, Edenberg HJ. Ethanol treatment of lymphoblastoid cell lines from alcoholics and non-alcoholics causes many subtle changes in gene expression. Alcohol 2014; 48:603-10. [PMID: 25129674 PMCID: PMC4730944 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the effects of a controlled exposure to ethanol on gene expression, we studied lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 21 alcoholics and 21 controls. We cultured each cell line for 24 h with and without 75 mM ethanol and measured gene expression using microarrays. Differences in expression between LCLs from alcoholics and controls included 13 genes previously identified as associated with alcoholism or related traits, including KCNA3, DICER1, ZNF415, CAT, SLC9A9, and PPARGC1B. The paired design allowed us to detect very small changes due to ethanol treatment: ethanol altered the expression of 37% of the probe sets (51% of the unique named genes) expressed in these LCLs, most by modest amounts. Ninety-nine percent of the named genes expressed in the LCLs were also expressed in brain. Key pathways affected by ethanol include cytokine, TNF, and NFκB signaling. Among the genes affected by ethanol were ANK3, EPHB1, SLC1A1, SLC9A9, NRD1, and SH3BP5, which were reported to be associated with alcoholism or related phenotypes in 2 genome-wide association studies. Genes that either differed in expression between alcoholics and controls or were affected by ethanol exposure are candidates for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew I Brooks
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jen C Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, B8134, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Manav Kapoor
- Department of Psychiatry, B8134, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jay A Tischfield
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Sun Y, Meng S, Li J, Shi J, Lu L. Advances in genetic studies of substance abuse in China. SHANGHAI ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY 2014; 25:199-211. [PMID: 24991158 PMCID: PMC4054556 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Summary The importance of genetic factors in substance addiction has long been established. The rationale for this work is that understanding of the function of addiction genes and delineation of the key molecular pathways of these genes would enhance the development of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers that could be used in the prevention and management of substance abuse. Over the past few years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of genetic studies conducted on addiction in China; these studies have primarily focused on heroin, alcohol, and nicotine dependence. Most studies of candidate genes have concentrated on the dopamine, opioid, and serotonin systems. A number of genes associated with substance abuse in Caucasians are also risk factors in Chinese, but several novel genes and genetic risk factors associated with substance abuse in Chinese subjects have also been identified. This paper reviews the genetic studies of substance abuse performed by Chinese researchers. Genotypes and alleles related to addictive behavior in Chinese individuals are discussed and the contributions of Chinese researchers to the international corpus of knowledge about the genetic understanding of substance abuse are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqiu Meng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Haghparast A, Shamsizadeh A, Samandari R, Omranifard A, Vaziri A, Razavi Y. Cannabinoid receptors in the basolateral amygdala are involved in the potentiation of morphine rewarding properties in the acquisition, but not expression of conditioned place preference in rats. Brain Res 2014; 1565:28-36. [PMID: 24721524 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several studies show the role of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in drug-seeking, relapse and the brain׳s emotional systems. Several lines of evidence indicate a functional interaction between opioid and endogenous cannabinoid systems. In the present study, we investigated the role of intra-BLA cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the potentiation, acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). One-hundred and forty-two adult male Wistar rats weighing 230-280g were bilaterally implanted by two separate cannulae into the BLA. The CPP paradigm was done, and conditioning score and locomotor activity were recorded by Ethovision software. Results showed that intra-BLA administration of different doses of WIN55,212-2 (1, 2 and 4mmol/0.3µl DMSO) as a cannabinoid receptor agonist during the conditioning phase induced place preference in animals that received the ineffective (2mg/kg) dose of morphine compared to respective control group in saline-treated animals. On the other hand, intra-BLA injection of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (45 and 90µmol/0.3µl DMSO) during the 3-day conditioning phase reduced morphine-induced CPP. Furthermore, microinjection of both AM251 (15, 45 and 90µmol) and WIN55,212-2 (1-4mmol), into the BLA had no effect on the expression of morphine (5mg/kg)-induced CPP. Our findings suggest that cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the BLA are involved in the development of reward-related behaviors and they can potentiate the rewarding effects of morphine. It seems that the glutamatergic projection from the BLA to the nucleus accumbens and reward-related learning in the hippocampus may be involved in the acquisition and expression of opioid reward-related behaviors in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Razieh Samandari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Omranifard
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoumid Vaziri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Razavi
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Reversal of deficits in dendritic spines, BDNF and Arc expression in the amygdala during alcohol dependence by HDAC inhibitor treatment. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:313-22. [PMID: 24103311 PMCID: PMC4093912 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145713001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of anxiety-like behaviours during ethanol withdrawal has been correlated with increased histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) gene expression in the amygdala. Furthermore, HDAC-mediated histone modifications play a role in synaptic plasticity. In this study we used the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) to determine whether HDAC inhibition could prevent ethanol withdrawal-induced deficits in dendritic spine density (DSD), BDNF or Arc expression in the amygdala of rats. It was found that decreased BDNF and Arc expression in the central (CeA) and medial nucleus of amygdala (MeA), observed during withdrawal after chronic ethanol exposure, were normalized following acute TSA treatment. TSA treatment was also able to attenuate anxiety-like behaviours during ethanol withdrawal and correct the observed decrease in DSD in the CeA and MeA of ethanol-withdrawn rats. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that correcting the deficits in histone acetylation through TSA treatment also amends downstream synaptic plasticity-related deficits such as BDNF and Arc expression, and DSD in the CeA and MeA as well as attenuates anxiety-like behaviours in rats during withdrawal after chronic ethanol exposure.
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Kesmati M, Mard-Soltani M, Khajehpour L. Anxiogenic Effects of Acute Injection of Sesame oil May be Mediated by β-1 Adrenoceptors in the Basolateral Amygdala. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 4:35-42. [PMID: 24409407 PMCID: PMC3885366 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A few studies have indicates that the sesame oil influences anxiety, but many reports show that β-1 adrenoceptors (ARs) of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a pivotal role in this regard. Therefore, in this study the effect of acute injection of sesame oil on anxiety-like behavior in the presence and absence of the BLA β-1 ARs in the male Wistar rats were investigated. METHODS Guide cannulas, for seven groups of rats, were implanted bilaterally into the BLA. Two weeks after the stereotaxic surgery, anxiety-like behaviors (the OAT%, OAE % and locomotor activity) were evaluated by Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) for all groups. 3 groups received different volumes of sesame oil (i.p.) and they were compared with control group (received saline via i.p.), and the anxiogenic volume of sesame oil (1.5ml/kg) was determined. Then, 3 other groups received constant effective volume of sesame oil (1.5ml/kg) along with 3 different doses of betaxolol, selective β-1 ARs antagonist, intra BLA microinjection in order to be compared with sesame oil group (1.5 ml/kg). RESULTS The acute injection of sesame oil with the volume dependent manner showed an anxiogenic effect with reduction of the OAT% and OAE% which the maximum effect of sesame oil was observed in the dose of 1.5mg/kg. Also, betaxolol with dose dependent manner attenuated the anxiogenic effects of sesame oil (1.5mg/kg), but this reduction could not remove the anxiety effects completely. CONCLUSION It seems that the sesame oil acute (i.p.) injection induces anxiety, and this effect is attenuated by inhibition of β-1ARs in the BLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Kesmati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maysam Mard-Soltani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Lotfolah Khajehpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
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McClintick JN, Xuei X, Tischfield JA, Goate A, Foroud T, Wetherill L, Ehringer MA, Edenberg HJ. Stress-response pathways are altered in the hippocampus of chronic alcoholics. Alcohol 2013; 47:505-15. [PMID: 23981442 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The chronic high-level alcohol consumption seen in alcoholism leads to dramatic effects on the hippocampus, including decreased white matter, loss of oligodendrocytes and other glial cells, and inhibition of neurogenesis. Examining gene expression in post mortem hippocampal tissue from 20 alcoholics and 19 controls allowed us to detect differentially expressed genes that may play a role in the risk for alcoholism or whose expression is modified by chronic consumption of alcohol. We identified 639 named genes whose expression significantly differed between alcoholics and controls at a False Discovery Rate (FDR) ≤ 0.20; 52% of these genes differed by at least 1.2-fold. Differentially expressed genes included the glucocorticoid receptor and the related gene FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5), UDP glycosyltransferase 8 (UGT8), urea transporter (SLC14A1), zinc transporter (SLC39A10), Interleukin 1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1), thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), and many metallothioneins. Pathways related to inflammation, hypoxia, and stress showed activation, and pathways that play roles in neurogenesis and myelination showed decreases. The cortisol pathway dysregulation and increased inflammation identified here are seen in other stress-related conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder and most likely play a role in addiction. Many of the detrimental effects on the hippocampus appear to be mediated through NF-κB signaling. Twenty-four of the differentially regulated genes were previously identified by genome-wide association studies of alcohol use disorders; this raises the potential interest of genes not normally associated with alcoholism, such as suppression of tumorigenicity 18 (ST18), BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), and von Willebrand factor (VWF).
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Abstract
RATIONALE An increasingly compelling literature points to a major role for the glutamate system in mediating the effects of alcohol on behavior and the pathophysiology of alcoholism. Preclinical studies indicate that glutamate signaling mediates certain aspects of ethanol's intoxicating and rewarding effects, and undergoes adaptations following chronic alcohol exposure that may contribute to the withdrawal, craving and compulsive drug-seeking that drive alcohol abuse and alcoholism. OBJECTIVES We discuss the potential for targeting the glutamate system as a novel pharmacotherapeutic approach to treating alcohol use disorders, focusing on five major components of the glutamate system: the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and specific NMDA subunits, the glycineB site on the NMDA receptors (NMDAR), L-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid ionotropic (AMPA) and kainate (KAR) receptors, metabotropic receptors (mGluR), and glutamate transporters. RESULTS Chronic alcohol abuse produces a hyperglutamatergic state, characterized by elevated extracellular glutamate and altered glutamate receptors and transporters. Pharmacologically manipulating glutamatergic neurotransmission alters alcohol-related behaviors including intoxication, withdrawal, and alcohol-seeking, in rodents and human subjects. Blocking NMDA and AMPA receptors reduces alcohol consumption in rodents, but side-effects may limit this as a therapeutic approach. Selectively targeting NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits (e.g., GluN2B, GluA3), or the NMDAR glycineB site offers an alternative approach. Blocking mGluR5 potently affects various alcohol-related behaviors in rodents, and mGluR2/3 agonism also suppresses alcohol consumption. Finally, glutamate transporter upregulation may mitigate behavioral and neurotoxic sequelae of excess glutamate caused by alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Despite the many challenges that remain, targeting the glutamate system offers genuine promise for developing new treatments for alcoholism.
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Sutherland GT, Sheedy D, Kril JJ. Using autopsy brain tissue to study alcohol-related brain damage in the genomic age. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:1-8. [PMID: 24033426 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The New South Wales Tissue Resource Centre at the University of Sydney, Australia, is one of the few human brain banks dedicated to the study of the effects of chronic alcoholism. The bank was affiliated in 1994 as a member of the National Network of Brain Banks and also focuses on schizophrenia and healthy control tissue. Alcohol abuse is a major problem worldwide, manifesting in such conditions as fetal alcohol syndrome, adolescent binge drinking, alcohol dependency, and alcoholic neurodegeneration. The latter is also referred to as alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD). The study of postmortem brain tissue is ideally suited to determining the effects of long-term alcohol abuse, but it also makes an important contribution to understanding pathogenesis across the spectrum of alcohol misuse disorders and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases. Tissue from the bank has contributed to 330 peer-reviewed journal articles including 120 related to alcohol research. Using the results of these articles, this review chronicles advances in alcohol-related brain research since 2003, the so-called genomic age. In particular, it concentrates on transcriptomic approaches to the pathogenesis of ARBD and builds on earlier reviews of structural changes (Harper et al. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003;27:951) and proteomics (Matsumoto et al. Expert Rev Proteomics 2007;4:539).
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg T Sutherland
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Rao PSS, Sari Y. Glutamate transporter 1: target for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Curr Med Chem 2013; 19:5148-56. [PMID: 22680643 DOI: 10.2174/092986712803530511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that many aspects of alcohol and drug dependence involve changes in glutamate transmission. A number of studies have reported that drugs of abuse, including alcohol and cocaine, alter glutamate transport. Extracellular glutamate is regulated by a number of glutamate transporters in various brain regions. Of these transporters, glutamate transporter (GLT1) is a key player in the removal of most of the extracellular glutamate. Similar to neurodegenerative disease models, in which there is dysfunction of the glutamatergic excitatory system, the role of GLT1 has been tested in drug dependence models that show dysfunction of glutamate transmission. We and others have recently found that ceftriaxone, an FDA-approved drug known to elevate GLT1 expression, attenuates cue-induced cocaine relapse. Moreover, we recently found that alcohol-preferring rats treated with ceftriaxone showed a significant dosedependent reduction in alcohol consumption. We also demonstrated that ceftriaxone-induced upregulation of GLT1 expression was associated with increases in glutamate uptake in Huntington's disease mouse model. Importantly, ceftriaxone is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This review provides information about the potential therapeutic role of GLT1 for the treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S S Rao
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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39
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Duncan JR. Current perspectives on the neurobiology of drug addiction: a focus on genetics and factors regulating gene expression. ISRN NEUROLOGY 2012; 2012:972607. [PMID: 23097719 PMCID: PMC3477671 DOI: 10.5402/2012/972607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder defined by cyclic patterns of compulsive drug seeking and taking interspersed with episodes of abstinence. While genetic variability may increase the risk of addictive behaviours in an individual, exposure to a drug results in neuroadaptations in interconnected brain circuits which, in susceptible individuals, are believed to underlie the transition to, and maintenance of, an addicted state. These adaptations can occur at the cellular, molecular, or (epi)genetic level and are associated with synaptic plasticity and altered gene expression, the latter being mediated via both factors affecting translation (epigenetics) and transcription (non coding microRNAs) of the DNA or RNA itself. New advances using techniques such as optogenetics have the potential to increase our understanding of the microcircuitry mediating addictive behaviours. However, the processes leading to addiction are complex and multifactorial and thus we face a major contemporary challenge to elucidate the factors implicated in the development and maintenance of an addicted state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhodie R Duncan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia ; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Haghparast A, Ghalandari-Shamami M, Hassanpour-Ezatti M. Blockade of D1/D2 dopamine receptors within the nucleus accumbens attenuated the antinociceptive effect of cannabinoid receptor agonist in the basolateral amygdala. Brain Res 2012; 1471:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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