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Sharma V, Sharma P, Singh TG. Mechanistic insights on TLR-4 mediated inflammatory pathway in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:679-692. [PMID: 38918327 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) pose a significant issue in healthcare, needing a thorough knowledge of their complex molecular mechanisms. A diverse set of cell signaling mediators and their interactions play critical roles in neuroinflammation. The release of pro-inflammatory mediators in response to neural dysfunction is detrimental to normal cell survival. Moreover, the important role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the central nervous system through Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation has been well established. Therefore, through a comprehensive review of current research and experimentation, this investigation elucidates the interactions between novel pharmacological agents (TLR-4/NF-κB inhibitors) and neurodegeneration encompassing Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. Insights garnered from this exploration underscore the potential of TLR-4 as a therapeutic target. Through the revelation of these insights, our aim is to establish a foundation for the development of enhanced and focused therapeutic approaches in the continuous endeavor to combat neurodegeneration. This review thus serves as a roadmap, guiding future research endeavors toward innovative strategies for combatting the complex interplay between TLR-4 signaling and NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerta Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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2
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Walid MKI, Rahman S, Smith EA. Reciprocal effect on lateral diffusion of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts and toll-like receptor 4 in the HEK293 cell membrane. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2024:10.1007/s00249-024-01717-9. [PMID: 39066956 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-024-01717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are pattern-recognition receptors that bind to molecular patterns associated with pathogens, stress, and cellular damage. Diffusion plays an important role in receptor functionality in the cell membrane. However, there has been no prior investigation of the reciprocal effect of RAGE and TLR4 diffusion properties in the presence and absence of each receptor. This study reports how RAGE and TLR4 affect the mobility of each other in the human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cell membrane. Diffusion properties were measured using single-particle tracking (SPT) with quantum dots (QDs) that are selectively attached to RAGE or TLR4. The Brownian diffusion coefficients of RAGE and TLR4 are affected by the presence of the other receptor, leading to similar diffusion coefficients when both receptors coexist in the cell. When TLR4 is present, the average Brownian diffusion coefficient of RAGE increases by 40%, while the presence of RAGE decreases the average Brownian diffusion coefficient of TLR4 by 32%. Diffusion in confined membrane domains is not altered by the presence of the other receptor. The mobility of the cell membrane lipid remains constant whether one or both receptors are present. Overall, this work shows that the presence of each receptor can affect a subset of diffusion properties of the other receptor without affecting the mobility of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharifur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Emily A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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3
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Islam R, Choudhary H, Rajan R, Vrionis F, Hanafy KA. An overview on microglial origin, distribution, and phenotype in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e30829. [PMID: 35822939 PMCID: PMC9837313 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that is responsible for about one-third of dementia cases worldwide. It is believed that AD is initiated with the deposition of Ab plaques in the brain. Genetic studies have shown that a high number of AD risk genes are expressed by microglia, the resident macrophages of brain. Common mode of action by microglia cells is neuroinflammation and phagocytosis. Moreover, it has been discovered that inflammatory marker levels are increased in AD patients. Recent studies advocate that neuroinflammation plays a major role in AD progression. Microglia have different activation profiles depending on the region of brain and stimuli. In different activation, profile microglia can generate either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. Microglia defend brain cells from pathogens and respond to injuries; also, microglia can lead to neuronal death along the way. In this review, we will bring the different roles played by microglia and microglia-related genes in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezwanul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Hadi Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Robin Rajan
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Frank Vrionis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Khalid A. Hanafy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
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Huang Z, Li X, Liu J, Wang H. of Potential Noncoding RNAs Related to Spinal Cord Injury Based on Competing Endogenous RNAs. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04189-2. [PMID: 38809369 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the key regulatory molecules, specifically messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) and their roles in the development and progression of spinal cord injury (SCI). Expression profiles (GSE45006, GSE19890, and GSE125630) for SCI were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By comparing rats with SCI at various time points against those without SCI, we identified differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), and miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). The GSE45006 dataset facilitated the production of DEmRNAs, which were then clustered using Mfuzz. Subsequently, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and anticipated interaction pairs between miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-mRNA. These pairs were instrumental in forming a regulatory network involving lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions. Additionally, we conducted functional enrichment studies on the DEmRNAs within these gene networks. A total of 2313 DEmRNAs were identified using the GSE45006 dataset, alongside 111 DEmiRNAs from GSE19890. From GSE125630, we extracted 154 DElncRNAs and 2322 DEmRNAs. Our analysis revealed 294 up-regulated DEmRNAs, grouped into the up-cluster, and 407 down-regulated DEmRNAs, forming the down-cluster. Key hub genes in the PPI network, such as Rhof, Vav1, Lyz2, Rab3a, Lyn, Cyfip1, Gns, and Nckap1l, were identified. Additionally, the study successfully constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, revealing 55 unique lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA link pairs. Our research established a ceRNA network associated with SCI, identifying several critical lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA connection pairs integral to the disease's onset and progression. Notably, significant associations, including the AABR07041411.1-miR-125a-5p-Slc4a7 and the Smg1-rno-miR-331-3p-Tlr4 pairs, were observed to exert a significant influence within this biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Xianglan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Abarca-Merlin DM, Martínez-Durán JA, Medina-Pérez JD, Rodríguez-Santos G, Alvarez-Arellano L. From Immunity to Neurogenesis: Toll-like Receptors as Versatile Regulators in the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5711. [PMID: 38891900 PMCID: PMC11171594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are among the main components of the innate immune system. They can detect conserved structures in microorganisms and molecules associated with stress and cellular damage. TLRs are expressed in resident immune cells and both neurons and glial cells of the nervous system. Increasing evidence is emerging on the participation of TLRs not only in the immune response but also in processes of the nervous system, such as neurogenesis and cognition. Below, we present a review of the literature that evaluates the expression and role of TLRs in processes such as neurodevelopment, behavior, cognition, infection, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melissa Abarca-Merlin
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Neurociencias, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Av. Dr. Márquez 162. Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (D.M.A.-M.)
| | - J. Abigail Martínez-Durán
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Neurociencias, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Av. Dr. Márquez 162. Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (D.M.A.-M.)
| | - J. David Medina-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Neurociencias, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Av. Dr. Márquez 162. Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (D.M.A.-M.)
| | - Guadalupe Rodríguez-Santos
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Neurociencias, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Av. Dr. Márquez 162. Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (D.M.A.-M.)
| | - Lourdes Alvarez-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Neurociencias, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Av. Dr. Márquez 162. Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (D.M.A.-M.)
- CONAHCYT-Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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6
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Davis GH, Zaya A, Pearce MMP. Impairment of the Glial Phagolysosomal System Drives Prion-Like Propagation in a Drosophila Model of Huntington's Disease. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1256232024. [PMID: 38589228 PMCID: PMC11097281 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1256-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding, aggregation, and spread through the brain are primary drivers of neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Phagocytic glia are responsible for regulating the load of pathological proteins in the brain, but emerging evidence suggests that glia may also act as vectors for aggregate spread. Accumulation of protein aggregates could compromise the ability of glia to eliminate toxic materials from the brain by disrupting efficient degradation in the phagolysosomal system. A better understanding of phagocytic glial cell deficiencies in the disease state could help to identify novel therapeutic targets for multiple neurological disorders. Here, we report that mutant huntingtin (mHTT) aggregates impair glial responsiveness to injury and capacity to degrade neuronal debris in male and female adult Drosophila expressing the gene that causes Huntington's disease (HD). mHTT aggregate formation in neurons impairs engulfment and clearance of injured axons and causes accumulation of phagolysosomes in glia. Neuronal mHTT expression induces upregulation of key innate immunity and phagocytic genes, some of which were found to regulate mHTT aggregate burden in the brain. A forward genetic screen revealed Rab10 as a novel component of Draper-dependent phagocytosis that regulates mHTT aggregate transmission from neurons to glia. These data suggest that glial phagocytic defects enable engulfed mHTT aggregates to evade lysosomal degradation and acquire prion-like characteristics. Together, our findings uncover new mechanisms that enhance our understanding of the beneficial and harmful effects of phagocytic glia in HD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham H Davis
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Aprem Zaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Margaret M Panning Pearce
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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7
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Liu S, Hong Y, Wang BR, Wei ZQ, Zhao HD, Jiang T, Zhang YD, Shi JQ. The presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a narrative review. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07581-x. [PMID: 38733435 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating and rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by the selective loss of the upper and lower motor neurons. The pathogenesis of ALS remains to be elucidated and has been connected to genetic, environmental and immune conditions. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies has suggested that the immune system played an important role in ALS pathophysiology. Autoantibodies are essential components of the immune system. Several autoantibodies directed at antigens associated with ALS pathogenesis have been identified in the serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Bian-Rong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Zi-Qiao Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211166, PR China
| | - Hong-Dong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Jian-Quan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China.
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8
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Castro-Gomez S, Heneka MT. Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative diseases. Immunity 2024; 57:790-814. [PMID: 38599171 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system following pattern recognition receptor binding has emerged as one of the major pathogenic mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease. Experimental, epidemiological, pathological, and genetic evidence underscores the meaning of innate immune activation during the prodromal as well as clinical phases of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia. Importantly, innate immune activation and the subsequent release of inflammatory mediators contribute mechanistically to other hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as aberrant proteostatis, pathological protein aggregation, cytoskeleton abnormalities, altered energy homeostasis, RNA and DNA defects, and synaptic and network disbalance and ultimately to the induction of neuronal cell death. In this review, we discuss common mechanisms of innate immune activation in neurodegeneration, with particular emphasis on the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and other receptors involved in the detection of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Castro-Gomez
- Center for Neurology, Department of Parkinson, Sleep and Movement Disorders, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Djurišić M. Immune receptors and aging brain. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20222267. [PMID: 38299364 PMCID: PMC10866841 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging brings about a myriad of degenerative processes throughout the body. A decrease in cognitive abilities is one of the hallmark phenotypes of aging, underpinned by neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration occurring in the brain. This review focuses on the role of different immune receptors expressed in cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems. We will discuss how immune receptors in the brain act as sentinels and effectors of the age-dependent shift in ligand composition. Within this 'old-age-ligand soup,' some immune receptors contribute directly to excessive synaptic weakening from within the neuronal compartment, while others amplify the damaging inflammatory environment in the brain. Ultimately, chronic inflammation sets up a positive feedback loop that increases the impact of immune ligand-receptor interactions in the brain, leading to permanent synaptic and neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Djurišić
- Departments of Biology, Neurobiology, and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
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10
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Davis GH, Zaya A, Pearce MMP. Impairment of the glial phagolysosomal system drives prion-like propagation in a Drosophila model of Huntington's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.04.560952. [PMID: 38370619 PMCID: PMC10871239 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.04.560952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein misfolding, aggregation, and spread through the brain are primary drivers of neurodegenerative diseases pathogenesis. Phagocytic glia are responsible for regulating the load of pathogenic protein aggregates in the brain, but emerging evidence suggests that glia may also act as vectors for aggregate spread. Accumulation of protein aggregates could compromise the ability of glia to eliminate toxic materials from the brain by disrupting efficient degradation in the phagolysosomal system. A better understanding of phagocytic glial cell deficiencies in the disease state could help to identify novel therapeutic targets for multiple neurological disorders. Here, we report that mutant huntingtin (mHTT) aggregates impair glial responsiveness to injury and capacity to degrade neuronal debris in male and female adult Drosophila expressing the gene that causes Huntington's disease (HD). mHTT aggregate formation in neurons impairs engulfment and clearance of injured axons and causes accumulation of phagolysosomes in glia. Neuronal mHTT expression induces upregulation of key innate immunity and phagocytic genes, some of which were found to regulate mHTT aggregate burden in the brain. Finally, a forward genetic screen revealed Rab10 as a novel component of Draper-dependent phagocytosis that regulates mHTT aggregate transmission from neurons to glia. These data suggest that glial phagocytic defects enable engulfed mHTT aggregates to evade lysosomal degradation and acquire prion-like characteristics. Together, our findings reveal new mechanisms that enhance our understanding of the beneficial and potentially harmful effects of phagocytic glia in HD and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham H. Davis
- Rowan University, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glassboro, NJ 08028
- Saint Joseph’s University, Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19131
- University of the Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aprem Zaya
- University of the Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Margaret M. Panning Pearce
- Rowan University, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glassboro, NJ 08028
- Saint Joseph’s University, Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19131
- University of the Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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11
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Dobrucki IT, Miskalis A, Nelappana M, Applegate C, Wozniak M, Czerwinski A, Kalinowski L, Dobrucki LW. Receptor for advanced glycation end-products: Biological significance and imaging applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1935. [PMID: 37926944 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE or AGER) is a transmembrane, immunoglobulin-like receptor that, due to its multiple isoform structures, binds to a diverse range of endo- and exogenous ligands. RAGE activation caused by the ligand binding initiates a cascade of complex pathways associated with producing free radicals, such as reactive nitric oxide and oxygen species, cell proliferation, and immunoinflammatory processes. The involvement of RAGE in the pathogenesis of disorders such as diabetes, inflammation, tumor progression, and endothelial dysfunction is dictated by the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) at pathologic states leading to sustained RAGE upregulation. The involvement of RAGE and its ligands in numerous pathologies and diseases makes RAGE an interesting target for therapy focused on the modulation of both RAGE expression or activation and the production or exogenous administration of AGEs. Despite the known role that the RAGE/AGE axis plays in multiple disease states, there remains an urgent need to develop noninvasive, molecular imaging approaches that can accurately quantify RAGE levels in vivo that will aid in the validation of RAGE and its ligands as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T Dobrucki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Academy of Medical and Social Applied Sciences, Elblag, Poland
| | - Angelo Miskalis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Nelappana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Catherine Applegate
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Marcin Wozniak
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Czerwinski
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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12
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Shi Y, Zhu R. Analysis of damage-associated molecular patterns in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on ScRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1259742. [PMID: 37942135 PMCID: PMC10628000 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1259742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons. Despite extensive research, the exact etiology of ALS remains elusive. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of the immune system in ALS pathogenesis and progression. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules released by stressed or damaged cells, acting as danger signals and activating immune responses. However, their specific involvement in ALS remains unclear. Methods We obtained single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of ALS from the primary motor cortex in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. To better understand genes associated with DAMPs, we performed analyses on cell-cell communication and trajectory. The abundance of immune-infiltrating cells was assessed using the single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) method. We performed univariate Cox analysis to construct the risk model and utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. Finally, we identified potential small molecule drugs targeting ALS by screening the Connectivity Map database (CMap) and confirmed their potential through molecular docking analysis. Results Our study annotated 10 cell types, with the expression of genes related to DAMPs predominantly observed in microglia. Analysis of intercellular communication revealed 12 ligand-receptor pairs in the pathways associated with DAMPs, where microglial cells acted as ligands. Among these pairs, the SPP1-CD44 pair demonstrated the greatest contribution. Furthermore, trajectory analysis demonstrated distinct differentiation fates of different microglial states. Additionally, we constructed a risk model incorporating four genes (TRPM2, ROCK1, HSP90AA1, and HSPA4). The validity of the risk model was supported by multivariate analysis. Moreover, external validation from dataset GSE112681 confirmed the predictive power of the model, which yielded consistent results with datasets GSE112676 and GSE112680. Lastly, the molecular docking analysis suggested that five compounds, namely mead-acid, nifedipine, nifekalant, androstenol, and hydrastine, hold promise as potential candidates for the treatment of ALS. Conclusion Taken together, our study demonstrated that DAMP entities were predominantly observed in microglial cells within the context of ALS. The utilization of a prognostic risk model can accurately predict ALS patient survival. Additionally, genes related to DAMPs may present viable drug targets for ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Zhang W, Xiao D, Mao Q, Xia H. Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:267. [PMID: 37433768 PMCID: PMC10336149 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and so on, have suggested that inflammation is not only a result of neurodegeneration but also a crucial player in this process. Protein aggregates which are very common pathological phenomenon in neurodegeneration can induce neuroinflammation which further aggravates protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Actually, inflammation even happens earlier than protein aggregation. Neuroinflammation induced by genetic variations in CNS cells or by peripheral immune cells may induce protein deposition in some susceptible population. Numerous signaling pathways and a range of CNS cells have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, although they are still far from being completely understood. Due to the limited success of traditional treatment methods, blocking or enhancing inflammatory signaling pathways involved in neurodegeneration are considered to be promising strategies for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, and many of them have got exciting results in animal models or clinical trials. Some of them, although very few, have been approved by FDA for clinical usage. Here we comprehensively review the factors affecting neuroinflammation and the major inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the pathogenicity of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We also summarize the current strategies, both in animal models and in the clinic, for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xiao
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Haibin Xia
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China.
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14
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Naz S, Mahmood T, Gupta R, Siddiqui MH, Ahsan F, Ansari VA, Shamim A, Rizvi AA. Clinical Manifestation of AGE-RAGE Axis in Neurodegenerative and Cognitive Impairment Disorders. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023. [PMID: 37040870 DOI: 10.1055/a-2004-3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The receptor of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) and Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGE) have multiple functions in our body and their restraint are being observed in neurodegenerative and memory impairment disorders. The review of different pathways allows an understanding of the probable mechanism of neurodegeneration and memory impairment involving RAGE and AGE. Commonly we observe AGE accumulation in neural cells and tissues but the extent of accumulation increases with the presence of memory impairment disorder. The presence of AGEs can also be seen in morbid accumulation, pathological structures in the form of amyloid clots, and nervous fibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and memory impairment disease.Many neuropathological and biochemical aspects of AD are explained by AGEs, including widespread protein crosslinking, glial activation of oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death. Oxidative stress is due to different reasons and glycation end products set in motion and form or define various actions which are normally due to AGE changes in a pathogenic cascade. By regulating the transit of ß-amyloid in and out of the brain or altering inflammatory pathways, AGE and it's ensnare receptor such as soluble RAGE may function as blockage or shield AD development. RAGE activates the transcription-controlling factor Necrosis Factor (NF-κB) and increases the protraction of cytokines, like a higher number of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) and Interleukin (IL-I) by inducing several signal transduction cascades. Furthermore, binding to RAGE can pro-activate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is popularly known to cause neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabreena Naz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Tarique Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ramesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Farogh Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vaseem Ahamad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Arshiya Shamim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ali Abbas Rizvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lucknow, India
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15
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Dabi YT, Ajagbe AO, Degechisa ST. Toll-like receptors in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic potential. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e839. [PMID: 37102648 PMCID: PMC10116887 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern-recognition receptors triggered by pathogen-derived and tissue-damage-related ligands. TLRs were previously believed to only be expressed in immune cells. However, it is now confirmed that they are ubiquitously expressed in cells within the body including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). Activation of TLRs is capable of inducing immunologic and inflammatory responses to injury or infection of CNS. This response is self-limiting that usually resolves once the infection has been eradicated or the tissue damage has been repaired. However, the persistence of inflammation-inducing insults or a failure in normal resolution mechanisms may result in overwhelming inflammation which may induce neurodegeneration. This implies that TLRs may play a role in mediating the link between inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases namely Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, stroke, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. So, new therapeutic approaches that specifically target TLRs may be developed by better understanding TLR expression mechanisms in the CNS and their connections to particular neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, this review paper discussed the role of TLRs in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Tsegaye Dabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health SciencesWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia
| | - Abayomi O. Ajagbe
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesNile University of NigeriaAbujaNigeria
| | - Sisay T. Degechisa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health SciencesArba Minch UniversityArba MinchEthiopia
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16
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Mo J, Hu J, Cheng X. The role of high mobility group box 1 in neuroinflammatory related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114541. [PMID: 36963363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous and highly conserved non-histone DNA-binding protein with different biological functions according to its subcellular localization. It is widely believed that HMGB1, which is released into the extracellular space, plays a key role in the inflammatory response. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that the development of various neurological diseases such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebrovascular disease and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are inextricably linked to inflammation. We will review the mechanisms of HMGB1 and its receptors in nervous system inflammation to provide a basis for further development of new HMGB1-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Mo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Xianglin Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China.
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17
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Chen Z, Jin J, Lu Q. STAMP2 alleviates microglial neurotoxicity by inhibiting LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Mol Cell Toxicol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-023-00346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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18
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Chen L, Wang N, Zhang Y, Li D, He C, Li Z, Zhang J, Guo Y. Proteomics analysis indicates the involvement of immunity and inflammation in the onset stage of SOD1-G93A mouse model of ALS. J Proteomics 2023; 272:104776. [PMID: 36423857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disease, and the pathogenic mechanism that underlies ALS is still unclear. We analyzed the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the spinal cord between SOD1-G93A transgenic mice at the onset stage and non-transgenic (NTG) littermates based on 4D label-free quantitative proteomics (4D-LFQ) with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In our study, 189 DEPs were screened, of which 166 were up-regulated and 23 down-regulated. Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG)/ EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG) classification, subcellular localization annotation, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, clustering analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis validated 48 proteins from immunity and inflammation-related pathways of KEGG. We described the function and distribution of DEPs, most of which were involved in the following pathways: complement and coagulation cascades, antigen processing and presentation, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG) -I-like receptor signaling pathway, the extracellular matrix-receptor (ECM-receptor) interaction, focal adhesion, phagosome and lysosome. PPI network analysis identified Fn1, Fga, Serpina1e and Serpina3n as potential biomarkers. Our discoveries broaden the view and expand our understanding of immunity and inflammation in ALS. SIGNIFICANCE: This study gives a comprehensive description of DEPs in the spinal cord proteomics of SOD1-G93A mice at the onset period. Compared with a previous study focusing on progressive stage, we showed that immunity and inflammation play an important role at the onset stage of ALS. Several pathways validated by PRM bring new insight to the pathological mechanisms of ALS. The participation of RIG-I-like signaling pathway in ALS and potential biomarkers Fga, Fn1, Serpina1e and Serpina3n are supplements to existing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ningyuan Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No.172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yingzhen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Caili He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Zhongzhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yansu Guo
- Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
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19
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Koerich S, Parreira GM, de Almeida DL, Vieira RP, de Oliveira ACP. Receptors for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE): Promising Targets Aiming at the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Conditions. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:219-234. [PMID: 36154605 PMCID: PMC10190138 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220922153903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds formed after the non-enzymatic addition of reducing sugars to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They are associated with the development of various clinical complications observed in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and others. In addition, compelling evidence indicates that these molecules participate in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Multiple cellular and molecular alterations triggered by AGEs that could alter homeostasis have been identified. One of the main targets for AGE signaling is the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Importantly, this receptor is the target of not only AGEs, but also amyloid β peptides, HMGB1 (high-mobility group box-1), members of the S100 protein family, and glycosaminoglycans. The activation of this receptor induces intracellular signaling cascades that are involved in pathological processes and cell death. Therefore, RAGE represents a key target for pharmacological interventions in neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss the various effects of AGEs and RAGE activation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the currently available pharmacological tools and promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélyn Koerich
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Machado Parreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Pinto Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
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20
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Ikram FZ, Arulsamy A, Retinasamy T, Shaikh MF. The Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in Neurodegeneration: A Systematic Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2221-2245. [PMID: 35034598 PMCID: PMC9886836 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220114153308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that plays an important role in the repair and regeneration of tissue injury. It also acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine through the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), to elicit the neuroinflammatory response. HMGB1 may aggravate several cellular responses, which may lead to pathological inflammation and cellular death. Thus, there have been a considerable amount of research into the pathological role of HMGB1 in diseases. However, whether the mechanism of action of HMGB1 is similar in all neurodegenerative disease pathology remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE Therefore, this systematic review aimed to critically evaluate and elucidate the role of HMGB1 in the pathology of neurodegeneration based on the available literature. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed on four databases; EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus. RESULTS A total of 85 articles were selected for critical appraisal, after subjecting to the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study. The selected articles revealed that HMGB1 levels were found elevated in most neurodegeneration except in Huntington's disease and Spinocerebellar ataxia, where the levels were found decreased. This review also showcased that HMGB1 may act on distinctive pathways to elicit its pathological response leading to the various neurodegeneration processes/ diseases. CONCLUSION While there have been promising findings in HMGB1 intervention research, further studies may still be required before any HMGB1 intervention may be recommended as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathimath Zaha Ikram
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thaarvena Retinasamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,Address correspondence to this author at the Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Tel/Fax: +60 3 5514 4483; E-mail:
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21
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Juranek J, Mukherjee K, Kordas B, Załęcki M, Korytko A, Zglejc-Waszak K, Szuszkiewicz J, Banach M. Role of RAGE in the Pathogenesis of Neurological Disorders. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1248-1262. [PMID: 35729453 PMCID: PMC9554177 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review reflects upon our own as well as other investigators' studies on the role of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), bringing up the latest information on RAGE in physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Over the last ten years, major progress has been made in uncovering many of RAGE-ligand interactions and signaling pathways in nervous tissue; however, the translation of these discoveries into clinical practice has not come to fruition yet. This is likely, in part to be the result of our incomplete understanding of this crucial signaling pathway. Clinical trials examining the therapeutic efficacy of blocking RAGE-external ligand interactions by genetically engineered soluble RAGE or an endogenous RAGE antagonist, has not stood up to its promise; however, other trials with different blocking agents are being considered with hope for therapeutic success in diseases of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judyta Juranek
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-085, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Konark Mukherjee
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Bernard Kordas
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-085, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Załęcki
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korytko
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-085, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamila Zglejc-Waszak
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-085, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jarosław Szuszkiewicz
- Department of Materials and Machines Technology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Banach
- Department of Neurology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 31-008, Kraków, Poland.
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22
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Fan R, Wang L, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Liu X. Protective role of ethyl pyruvate in spinal cord injury by inhibiting the high mobility group box-1/toll-like receptor4/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1013033. [PMID: 36187352 PMCID: PMC9524569 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1013033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a high incident rate of central nervous system disease that usually causes paralysis below the injured level. The occurrence of chronic inflammation with the axonal regeneration difficulties are the underlying barriers for the recovery of SCI patients. Current studies have paid attention to controlling the instigative and developmental process of neuro-inflammation. Ethyl pyruvate, as a derivative of pyruvate, has strong anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions. Herein, we reviewed the recent studies of ethyl pyruvate and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). We think HMGB1 that is one of the main nuclear protein mediators to cause an inflammatory response. This protein induces astrocytic activation, and promotes glial scar formation. Interestingly, ethyl pyruvate has potent inhibitory effects on HMGB1 protein, as it inhibits chronic inflammatory response by modulating the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This paper discusses the potential mechanism of ethyl pyruvate in inhibiting chronic inflammation after SCI. Ethyl pyruvate can be a prospective therapeutic agent for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lvxia Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | | | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehong Liu, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-6762
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23
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Dash BP, Freischmidt A, Weishaupt JH, Hermann A. Downstream Effects of Mutations in SOD1 and TARDBP Converge on Gene Expression Impairment in Patient-Derived Motor Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179652. [PMID: 36077049 PMCID: PMC9456253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease marked by death of motor neurons (MNs) present in the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. Despite extensive research, the reason for neurodegeneration is still not understood. To generate novel hypotheses of putative underlying molecular mechanisms, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSCs)-derived motor neurons (MNs) from SOD1- and TARDBP (TDP-43 protein)-mutant-ALS patients and healthy controls to perform high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). An integrated bioinformatics approach was employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key pathways underlying these familial forms of the disease (fALS). In TDP43-ALS, we found dysregulation of transcripts encoding components of the transcriptional machinery and transcripts involved in splicing regulation were particularly affected. In contrast, less is known about the role of SOD1 in RNA metabolism in motor neurons. Here, we found that many transcripts relevant for mitochondrial function were specifically altered in SOD1-ALS, indicating that transcriptional signatures and expression patterns can vary significantly depending on the causal gene that is mutated. Surprisingly, however, we identified a clear downregulation of genes involved in protein translation in SOD1-ALS suggesting that ALS-causing SOD1 mutations shift cellular RNA abundance profiles to cause neural dysfunction. Altogether, we provided here an extensive profiling of mRNA expression in two ALS models at the cellular level, corroborating the major role of RNA metabolism and gene expression as a common pathomechanism in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banaja P. Dash
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Jochen H. Weishaupt
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)381-494-9541; Fax: +49-(0)381-494-9542
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24
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Region-Specific Characteristics of Astrocytes and Microglia: A Possible Involvement in Aging and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121902. [PMID: 35741031 PMCID: PMC9220858 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although different regions of the brain are dedicated to specific functions, the intra- and inter-regional heterogeneity of astrocytes and microglia in these regions has not yet been fully understood. Recently, an advancement in various technologies, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, has allowed for the discovery of astrocytes and microglia with distinct molecular fingerprints and varying functions in the brain. In addition, the regional heterogeneity of astrocytes and microglia exhibits different functions in several situations, such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, investigating the region-specific astrocytes and microglia is important in understanding the overall function of the brain. In this review, we summarize up-to-date research on various intra- and inter-regional heterogeneities of astrocytes and microglia, and provide information on how they can be applied to aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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25
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Wang J, Xin Y, Chu T, Liu C, Xu A. Dexmedetomidine attenuates perioperative neurocognitive disorders by suppressing hippocampal neuroinflammation and HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113006. [PMID: 35486975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical trauma can induce an inflammatory response in the central nervous system. Neuroinflammation is a crucial pathological mechanism of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is an alpha (α)-2 adrenoceptor agonist that is widely used in the perioperative period. Previous studies have shown that Dex has neuroprotection in various nerve injury models, but its role in PND remains unclear. Our study aimed to observe the neuroprotective effect of Dex pretreatment on postoperative cognitive change and explore the effects of hippocampal neuroinflammation, microglial polarization and HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway involved in Dex on PND in rats. Rats were pretreated with Dex alone or in combination with yohimbine (α-2 adrenoceptor antagonist) before surgery. Behavioral tests results showed that Dex ameliorated surgery-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Nissl, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL-NeuN staining results indicated that Dex reduced hippocampus damage and neuronal apoptosis caused by surgery. Dex preconditioning reduced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in hippocampus. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence results showed that Dex preconditioning inhibited the activation of glial cells induced by surgery. Western blot analysis showed that Dex preconditioning downregulated the expression of M1 phenotype markers (CD86 and iNOS), HMGB1, RAGE and nuclear NF-κB and upregulated the expression of M2 phenotype markers (Arginase 1 and CD206) and cytoplasmic NF-κB. Yohimbine could inhibit the neuroprotective effect of Dex. These results indicated that Dex pretreatment could improve postoperative short-term cognitive impairment, and the neuroprotective mechanism may involve the suppression of hippocampal neuroinflammation, regulation of M1/M2 polarization, and inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yueyang Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tiantian Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Aijun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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NPT1220-312, a TLR2/TLR9 Small Molecule Antagonist, Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Signaling, Cytokine Release, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Int J Inflam 2022; 2022:2337363. [PMID: 35265316 PMCID: PMC8898874 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2337363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in innate immune system responses to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). A growing body of evidence suggests that excessive TLR-mediated innate immune system activation can lead to neuronal damage and precipitate or perpetuate neurodegenerative diseases. Among TLR subtypes, both TLR2 and TLR9 have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders with increased expression of these receptors in the central nervous system being associated with pro-inflammatory signaling and increased burdens of pathologic aggregated proteins. In the current study, we characterized the actions of a combined TLR2/TLR9 antagonist, NPT1220-312, on pro-inflammatory signaling and cytokine release in monocyte/macrophage-derived heterologous cells, human microglia, and murine and human whole blood. NPT1220-312 potently blocked TLR2- and TLR9-mediated release of inflammatory cytokines in monocyte/macrophage cells and in human microglia. NPT1220-312 also blocked TLR2-mediated activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome including IL-1β, IL-18, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) release to the culture medium of human differentiated macrophages. The ability of NPT1220-312 to inhibit TLR2 mediated pro-inflammatory release of chemokines and cytokines in situ was demonstrated using murine and human whole blood. Together, these findings suggest that blockade of TLR2 and TLR9 may reduce inappropriate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from peripheral and central immune cells and thus potentially provide therapeutic benefit in neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative disorders.
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Nowicka N, Szymańska K, Juranek J, Zglejc-Waszak K, Korytko A, Załęcki M, Chmielewska-Krzesińska M, Wąsowicz K, Wojtkiewicz J. The Involvement of RAGE and Its Ligands during Progression of ALS in SOD1 G93A Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042184. [PMID: 35216298 PMCID: PMC8880540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons that causes paralysis and muscle atrophy. The pathogenesis of the disease is still not elucidated. Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product (RAGE) is a major component of the innate immune system and has implications in ALS pathogenesis. Multiple studies suggest the role of RAGE and its ligands in ALS. RAGE and its ligands are overexpressed in human and murine ALS motor neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Here, we demonstrated the expression of RAGE and its ligands during the progression of the disease in the transgenic SOD1 G93A mouse lumbar spinal cord. We observed the highest expression of HMGB1 and S100b proteins at ALS onset. Our results highlight the potential role of RAGE and its ligands in ALS pathogenesis and suggest that some of the RAGE ligands might be used as biomarkers in early ALS diagnosis and potentially be useful in targeted therapeutic interventions at the early stage of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nowicka
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (K.Z.-W.); (A.K.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (N.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Kamila Szymańska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (K.Z.-W.); (A.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Judyta Juranek
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (K.Z.-W.); (A.K.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (N.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Kamila Zglejc-Waszak
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (K.Z.-W.); (A.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Korytko
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (K.Z.-W.); (A.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Michał Załęcki
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Chmielewska-Krzesińska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.C.-K.); (K.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Wąsowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.C.-K.); (K.W.)
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (K.Z.-W.); (A.K.); (J.W.)
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Mandolfo O, Parker H, Bigger B. Innate Immunity in Mucopolysaccharide Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1999. [PMID: 35216110 PMCID: PMC8879755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses are rare paediatric lysosomal storage disorders, characterised by accumulation of glycosaminoglycans within lysosomes. This is caused by deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes involved in degradation of these molecules. Dependent on disease, progressive build-up of sugars may lead to musculoskeletal abnormalities and multi-organ failure, and in others, to cognitive decline, which is still a challenge for current therapies. The worsening of neuropathology, observed in patients following recovery from flu-like infections, suggests that inflammation is highly implicated in disease progression. This review provides an overview of the pathological features associated with the mucopolysaccharidoses and summarises current knowledge regarding the inflammatory responses observed in the central nervous system and periphery. We propose a model whereby progressive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans elicits an innate immune response, initiated by the Toll-like receptor 4 pathway, but also precipitated by secondary storage components. Its activation induces cells of the immune system to release pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1, which induce progression through chronic neuroinflammation. While TNF-α is mostly associated with bone and joint disease in mucopolysaccharidoses, increasing evidence implicates IL-1 as a main effector of innate immunity in the central nervous system. The (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome is therefore implicated in chronic neuroinflammation and should be investigated further to identify novel anti-inflammatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Mandolfo
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 3721 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Helen Parker
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Brian Bigger
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 3721 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
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Xu X, Zhang J, Li S, Al-Nusaif M, Zhou Q, Chen S, Le W. Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 2: Is a Potential Neuroinflammation Biomarker of SOD1G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Pre-symptomatic Stage. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:788730. [PMID: 35197819 PMCID: PMC8858987 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.788730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has long been thought to be associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) development and progression. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation underlying ALS remain largely unknown. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate the genetic basis of neuroinflammation in ALS by comparing the transcriptomic profile of the anterior horns of the lumbar spinal cord (AHLSC) between SOD1G93A mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates. Our results revealed that immune-related genes were selectively up-regulated in the AHLSC of pre-symptomatic ALS mice (40 days of age) compared to age-matched WT control mice. Notably, the differential expression level of these immune-related genes became more significant at the symptomatic stage of disease (90 days of age) in the ALS mice. Subsequently, eight genes involved in innate immune response in the AHLSC of ALS mice were further validated by qRT-PCR analysis. Of these genes, bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) was found for the first time to be significantly higher in the AHLSC of pre-symptomatic ALS mice when compared with WT mice. The increasing trend of BST2 expression became more obvious in the symptomatic stage. Immunofluorescent staining further confirmed that BST2 is mainly expressed on microglia in the AHLSC of ALS mice. These findings support the view that immune-related neuroinflammation is involved in the early pathogenesis of ALS, and BST2 may serve as a potential target for ameliorating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation pathologies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Li
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qinming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Weidong Le,
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Kinscherf NA, Pehar M. Role and Therapeutic Potential of RAGE Signaling in Neurodegeneration. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1191-1209. [PMID: 35702767 PMCID: PMC9589927 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220610171005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been shown to play an active role in the development of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Although originally identified as a receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE is a pattern recognition receptor able to bind multiple ligands. The final outcome of RAGE signaling is defined in a context and cell type specific manner and can exert both neurotoxic and neuroprotective functions. Contributing to the complexity of the RAGE signaling network, different RAGE isoforms with distinctive signaling capabilities have been described. Moreover, multiple RAGE ligands bind other receptors and RAGE antagonism can significantly affect their signaling. Here, we discuss the outcome of celltype specific RAGE signaling in neurodegenerative pathologies. In addition, we will review the different approaches that have been developed to target RAGE signaling and their therapeutic potential. A clear understanding of the outcome of RAGE signaling in a cell type- and disease-specific manner would contribute to advancing the development of new therapies targeting RAGE. The ability to counteract RAGE neurotoxic signaling while preserving its neuroprotective effects would be critical for the success of novel therapies targeting RAGE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Alexander Kinscherf
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mariana Pehar
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI, USA
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Poulin-Brière A, Rezaei E, Pozzi S. Antibody-Based Therapeutic Interventions for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Literature Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:790114. [PMID: 34912191 PMCID: PMC8667723 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.790114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a mid-life onset neurodegenerative disease that manifests its symptomatology with motor impairments and cognitive deficits overlapping with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD). The etiology of ALS remains elusive, with various mechanisms and cellular targets implicated, and no treatment can reverse or stop the progression of the pathology. Therapeutic interventions based on passive immunization are gaining attention for neurodegenerative diseases, and FDA recently approved the first antibody-based approach for Alzheimer's disease. The present systematic review of the literature aims to highlight the efforts made over the past years at developing antibody-based strategies to cure ALS. Thirty-one original research papers have been selected where the therapeutic efficacy of antibodies were investigated and described in patients and animal models of ALS. Antibody-based interventions analyzed, target both extracellular molecules implicated in the pathology and intracellular pathogenic proteins known to drive the disease, such as SOD1, TDP-43 or C9ORF72 repeats expansions. The potentials and limitations of these therapeutic interventions have been described and discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edris Rezaei
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia Pozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Division, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Henderson RD, Agosti JM, McCombe PA, Thorpe K, Heggie S, Heshmat S, Appleby MW, Ziegelaar BW, Crowe DT, Redlich GL. Phase 1b dose-escalation, safety, and pharmacokinetic study of IC14, a monoclonal antibody against CD14, for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27421. [PMID: 34678870 PMCID: PMC8542123 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective was to demonstrate the safety and tolerability of monoclonal antibody against CD14 (IC14) (atibuclimab) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. The secondary objectives were pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary effects on disease status and biomarkers. METHODS In this open-label, dose-escalation trial, IC14 was administered at 2 mg/kg intravenous (IV) followed by 1 mg/kg/d IV × 3 (n = 3) and in subsequent patients at 4 mg/kg IV followed by 2 mg/kg/d IV × 3 (n = 7) (NCT03487263). Disease status was measured using the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale, forced vital capacity, sniff nasal pressure, Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen, and Revised ALS-Specific Quality-of-Life Score. Disease biomarkers included cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and urinary p75 neurotrophin receptor. RESULTS IC14 was safe and well tolerated. No antidrug antibodies were detected. The drug target saturation of monocyte CD14 receptors was rapid and sustained through day 8. There was no significant change in Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale, forced vital capacity, sniff nasal pressure, or Revised ALS-Specific Quality-of-Life Score following a single cycle of treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid NfL levels decreased in 6 of 9 patients sampled with declines of 15% to 40% between baseline (not significant [ns]) and day 8 in 3 patients. Serum NfL modestly decreased in 5 of 10 patients (ns) at day 8 and was sustained in 4 (4%-37%, ns) over 33 days of follow up. CONCLUSION IC14 quickly and durably saturated its target in all patients. This study demonstrated safety and tolerability in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Even though only a single cycle of treatment was given, there were promising beneficial trends in the neurofilament light chain, a disease biomarker. The emerging understanding of the role of systemic inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, and the potential for IC14 to serve as a safe, potent, and broad-spectrum inhibitor of immune dysregulation merits further clinical study. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03487263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Henderson
- Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jan M. Agosti
- Implicit Bioscience, Seattle, WA
- Implicit Bioscience, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pamela A. McCombe
- Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn Thorpe
- Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan Heggie
- Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Saman Heshmat
- Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark W. Appleby
- Implicit Bioscience, Seattle, WA
- Implicit Bioscience, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brian W. Ziegelaar
- Implicit Bioscience, Seattle, WA
- Implicit Bioscience, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David T. Crowe
- Implicit Bioscience, Seattle, WA
- Implicit Bioscience, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Garry L. Redlich
- Implicit Bioscience, Seattle, WA
- Implicit Bioscience, Brisbane, Australia
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Vetreno RP, Qin L, Coleman LG, Crews FT. Increased Toll-like Receptor-MyD88-NFκB-Proinflammatory neuroimmune signaling in the orbitofrontal cortex of humans with alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1747-1761. [PMID: 34415075 PMCID: PMC8526379 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many brain disorders, including alcohol use disorder (AUD), are associated with induction of multiple proinflammatory genes. One aspect of proinflammatory signaling is progressive increases in expression across cells and induction of other innate immune genes. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) heteromers contribute to amplification by potentiating multiple proinflammatory responses, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLR signaling recruits coupling proteins linked to nuclear transcription factors that induce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and their respective receptors. We tested the hypothesis that AUD induction of TLR expression increases levels of proinflammatory genes and cellular signaling cascades in association with neurodegeneration in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). METHODS Postmortem human OFC tissue samples (n = 10) from males diagnosed with AUD were compared to age-matched moderate drinking controls (CON). Neuroimmune signaling molecules were assessed using immunohistochemistry for protein and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for messenger RNA (mRNA). RESULTS In the AUD OFC, we report induction of the endogenous TLR agonist HMGB1 as well as all TLRs assessed (i.e., TLR2-TLR9) except TLR1. This was accompanied by increased expression of the TLR adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), activation of the proinflammatory nuclear transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), and downstream induction of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and their corresponding receptors. Several of these proinflammatory signaling markers are expressed in glia and neurons. The induction of HMGB1-TLR-MyD88-NFκB proinflammatory signaling pathways correlates with neurodegeneration (i.e., Fluoro-Jade B), lifetime alcohol consumption, and age of drinking onset. CONCLUSION These data implicate the induction of HMGB1-TLR-MyD88-NFκB cascades through coordinated glial and neuronal signaling as contributors to the neurodegeneration seen in the postmortem human OFC of individuals with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol StudiesSchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Liya Qin
- Bowles Center for Alcohol StudiesSchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Leon G. Coleman
- Bowles Center for Alcohol StudiesSchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Fulton T. Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol StudiesSchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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Yang H, Luo F, Wei Y, Jiao Y, Qian J, Chen S, Gong Y, Tang L. TGR5 protects against cholestatic liver disease via suppressing the NF-κB pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1158. [PMID: 34430599 PMCID: PMC8350648 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Characterized by the presence of inflammation, fibrosis, and bile duct proliferation, cholestatic liver disease (CLD) affects people of all age groups. Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor (TGR5) has been implicated in the suppression of inflammation via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Kupffer cells and their M1 polarization play important roles in inflammation and cholestatic liver injury via production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nevertheless, the function of TGR5 signaling in CLD is largely unknown. Methods We conducted liver tissue experiments, animal experiments, serum marker testing, liver histology analysis, Kupffer cell experiments, RNA extraction and Real-time PCR, western blotting, evaluation of ROS production by flow cytometry and statistical differences were analyzed by student t-test using GraphPad Prism. Results We found that serum bile acid (BA) and TGR5 levels were elevated in patients with cholestasis cirrhosis. Knockout of TGR5 in animals significantly increased bile duct ligation (BDL)-caused liver injury through increasing oxidative stress, promoting M1-predominant polarization of Kupffer cells, and elevating the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, TGR5 activation inhibited ROS production, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and M1-predominant polarization of Kupffer cells. Moreover, results showed that TGR5 exerted its effects via suppressing NF-κB signaling and activating nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2)/HO-1 signaling. Finally, the effect of TGR5 on cholestatic liver damage was also confirmed in vivo. Conclusions TGR5 activation protected against BDL-induced CLD by both suppressing inflammation via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and reducing ROS production via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. These findings show the importance of TGR5 in CLD and provide new insight into therapeutic strategies for CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fengyong Luo
- School of Graduate, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Jiao
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Liming Tang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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De Marchi F, Munitic I, Amedei A, Berry JD, Feldman EL, Aronica E, Nardo G, Van Weehaeghe D, Niccolai E, Prtenjaca N, Sakowski SA, Bendotti C, Mazzini L. Interplay between immunity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Clinical impact. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:958-978. [PMID: 34153344 PMCID: PMC8428677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating and rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease. Despite decades of research and many new insights into disease biology over the 150 years since the disease was first described, causative pathogenic mechanisms in ALS remain poorly understood, especially in sporadic cases. Our understanding of the role of the immune system in ALS pathophysiology, however, is rapidly expanding. The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the recent advances regarding the immune system involvement in ALS, with particular attention to clinical translation. We focus on the potential pathophysiologic mechanism of the immune system in ALS, discussing local and systemic factors (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and microbiota) that influence ALS onset and progression in animal models and people. We also explore the potential of Positron Emission Tomography to detect neuroinflammation in vivo, and discuss ongoing clinical trials of therapies targeting the immune system. With validation in human patients, new evidence in this emerging field will serve to identify novel therapeutic targets and provide realistic hope for personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Ivana Munitic
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James D Berry
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Nardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, Milanm, 20156, Italy
| | - Donatienne Van Weehaeghe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nikolina Prtenjaca
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stacey A Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, Milanm, 20156, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, Novara, 28100, Italy.
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36
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Qingfeng Wang, Yongfeng Tao. Monosialoganglioside (GM1) Attenuates Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Inflammation by Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971242102015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Moya GE, Rivera PD, Dittenhafer-Reed KE. Evidence for the Role of Mitochondrial DNA Release in the Inflammatory Response in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7030. [PMID: 34209978 PMCID: PMC8268735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are regarded as the metabolic centers of cells and are integral in many other cell processes, including the immune response. Each mitochondrion contains numerous copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a small, circular, and bacterial-like DNA. In response to cellular damage or stress, mtDNA can be released from the mitochondrion and trigger immune and inflammatory responses. mtDNA release into the cytosol or bloodstream can occur as a response to hypoxia, sepsis, traumatic injury, excitatory cytotoxicity, or drastic mitochondrial membrane potential changes, some of which are hallmarks of neurodegenerative and mood disorders. Released mtDNA can mediate inflammatory responses observed in many neurological and mood disorders by driving the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the interferon response system. The current understanding of the role of mtDNA release in affective mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip D. Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, USA;
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MacLean M, Juranek J, Cuddapah S, López-Díez R, Ruiz HH, Hu J, Frye L, Li H, Gugger PF, Schmidt AM. Microglia RAGE exacerbates the progression of neurodegeneration within the SOD1 G93A murine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a sex-dependent manner. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:139. [PMID: 34130712 PMCID: PMC8207569 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burgeoning evidence highlights seminal roles for microglia in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) binds ligands relevant to ALS that accumulate in the diseased spinal cord and RAGE has been previously implicated in the progression of ALS pathology. Methods We generated a novel mouse model to temporally delete Ager from microglia in the murine SOD1G93A model of ALS. Microglia Ager deficient SOD1G93A mice and controls were examined for changes in survival, motor function, gliosis, motor neuron numbers, and transcriptomic analyses of lumbar spinal cord. Furthermore, we examined bulk-RNA-sequencing transcriptomic analyses of human ALS cervical spinal cord. Results Transcriptomic analysis of human cervical spinal cord reveals a range of AGER expression in ALS patients, which was negatively correlated with age at disease onset and death or tracheostomy. The degree of AGER expression related to differential expression of pathways involved in extracellular matrix, lipid metabolism, and intercellular communication. Microglia display increased RAGE immunoreactivity in the spinal cords of high AGER expressing patients and in the SOD1G93A murine model of ALS vs. respective controls. We demonstrate that microglia Ager deletion at the age of symptomatic onset, day 90, in SOD1G93A mice extends survival in male but not female mice. Critically, many of the pathways identified in human ALS patients that accompanied increased AGER expression were significantly ameliorated by microglia Ager deletion in male SOD1G93A mice. Conclusions Our results indicate that microglia RAGE disrupts communications with cell types including astrocytes and neurons, intercellular communication pathways that divert microglia from a homeostatic to an inflammatory and tissue-injurious program. In totality, microglia RAGE contributes to the progression of SOD1G93A murine pathology in male mice and may be relevant in human disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02191-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael MacLean
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Judyta Juranek
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Swetha Cuddapah
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Raquel López-Díez
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Henry H Ruiz
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jiyuan Hu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health and the Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Laura Frye
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health and the Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Paul F Gugger
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Pascual M, Calvo-Rodriguez M, Núñez L, Villalobos C, Ureña J, Guerri C. Toll-like receptors in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and alcohol-induced brain damage. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:900-915. [PMID: 34033211 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or pattern recognition receptors respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or internal damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). TLRs are integral membrane proteins with both extracellular leucine-rich and cytoplasmic domains that initiate downstream signaling through kinases by activating transcription factors like AP-1 and NF-κB, which lead to the release of various inflammatory cytokines and immune modulators. In the central nervous system, different TLRs are expressed mainly in microglia and astroglial cells, although some TLRs are also expressed in oligodendroglia and neurons. Activation of TLRs triggers signaling cascades by the host as a defense mechanism against invaders to repair damaged tissue. However, overactivation of TLRs disrupts the sustained immune homeostasis-induced production of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, miRNAs, and inflammatory components of extracellular vesicles. These inflammatory mediators can, in turn, induce neuroinflammation, and neural tissue damage associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the critical role of TLRs response in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and alcohol-induced brain damage and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pascual
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Calvo-Rodriguez
- Alzheimer's Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucía Núñez
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Villalobos
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Ureña
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
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40
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Xie Y, Luo X, He H, Tang M. Novel Insight Into the Role of Immune Dysregulation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Based on Bioinformatic Analysis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:657465. [PMID: 33994932 PMCID: PMC8119763 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.657465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons. The causative pathogenic mechanisms in ALS remain unclear, limiting the development of treatment strategies. Neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation were involved in the disease onset and progression of several neurodegenerative disorders, including ALS. In this study, we carried out a bioinformatic analysis using publicly available datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to investigate the role of immune cells and genes alterations in ALS. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the infiltration of multiple types of immune cells, including macrophages, type-1/17 T helper cells, and activated CD4 + /CD8 + T cells, was higher in ALS patients than in controls. Weighted gene correlation network analysis identified immune genes associated with ALS. The Gene Ontology analysis revealed that receptor and cytokine activities were the most highly enriched terms. Pathway analysis showed that these genes were enriched not only in immune-related pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, but also in PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Nineteen immune-related genes (C3AR1, CCR1, CCR5, CD86, CYBB, FCGR2B, FCGR3A, HCK, ITGB2, PTPRC, TLR1, TLR2, TLR7, TLR8, TYROBP, VCAM1, CD14, CTSS, and FCER1G) were identified as hub genes based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis. This gene signature could differentiate ALS patients from non-neurological controls (p < 0.001) and predict disease occurrence (AUC = 0.829 in training set; AUC = 0.862 in test set). In conclusion, our study provides potential biomarkers of ALS for disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ximei Luo
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Haiqing He
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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41
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Månberg A, Skene N, Sanders F, Trusohamn M, Remnestål J, Szczepińska A, Aksoylu IS, Lönnerberg P, Ebarasi L, Wouters S, Lehmann M, Olofsson J, von Gohren Antequera I, Domaniku A, De Schaepdryver M, De Vocht J, Poesen K, Uhlén M, Anink J, Mijnsbergen C, Vergunst-Bosch H, Hübers A, Kläppe U, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Gilthorpe JD, Hedlund E, Harris RA, Aronica E, Van Damme P, Ludolph A, Veldink J, Ingre C, Nilsson P, Lewandowski SA. Altered perivascular fibroblast activity precedes ALS disease onset. Nat Med 2021; 27:640-646. [PMID: 33859435 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apart from well-defined factors in neuronal cells1, only a few reports consider that the variability of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression can depend on less-defined contributions from glia2,3 and blood vessels4. In this study we use an expression-weighted cell-type enrichment method to infer cell activity in spinal cord samples from patients with sporadic ALS and mouse models of this disease. Here we report that patients with sporadic ALS present cell activity patterns consistent with two mouse models in which enrichments of vascular cell genes preceded microglial response. Notably, during the presymptomatic stage, perivascular fibroblast cells showed the strongest gene enrichments, and their marker proteins SPP1 and COL6A1 accumulated in enlarged perivascular spaces in patients with sporadic ALS. Moreover, in plasma of 574 patients with ALS from four independent cohorts, increased levels of SPP1 at disease diagnosis repeatedly predicted shorter survival with stronger effect than the established risk factors of bulbar onset or neurofilament levels in cerebrospinal fluid. We propose that the activity of the recently discovered perivascular fibroblast can predict survival of patients with ALS and provide a new conceptual framework to re-evaluate definitions of ALS etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Månberg
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathan Skene
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Folkert Sanders
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Trusohamn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Remnestål
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Szczepińska
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inci Sevval Aksoylu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lwaki Ebarasi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Wouters
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela Lehmann
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jennie Olofsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inti von Gohren Antequera
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aylin Domaniku
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maxim De Schaepdryver
- Laboratory for Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joke De Vocht
- Neurology Department and Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Poesen
- Laboratory for Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven (University Hospital Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Division of Systems Biology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jasper Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Mijnsbergen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hermieneke Vergunst-Bosch
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Neurology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Hübers
- University of Ulm, Neurology Clinic, Ulm, Germany.,Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Kläppe
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Hedlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Neurology Department and Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Albert Ludolph
- University of Ulm, Neurology Clinic, Ulm, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Veldink
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Neurology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Ingre
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian A Lewandowski
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ernest James Phillips T, Maguire E. Phosphoinositides: Roles in the Development of Microglial-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:652593. [PMID: 33841102 PMCID: PMC8032904 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.652593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are increasingly recognized as vital players in the pathology of a variety of neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) disease. While microglia have a protective role in the brain, their dysfunction can lead to neuroinflammation and contributes to disease progression. Also, a growing body of literature highlights the seven phosphoinositides, or PIPs, as key players in the regulation of microglial-mediated neuroinflammation. These small signaling lipids are phosphorylated derivates of phosphatidylinositol, are enriched in the brain, and have well-established roles in both homeostasis and disease.Disrupted PIP levels and signaling has been detected in a variety of dementias. Moreover, many known AD disease modifiers identified via genetic studies are expressed in microglia and are involved in phospholipid metabolism. One of these, the enzyme PLCγ2 that hydrolyzes the PIP species PI(4,5)P2, displays altered expression in AD and PD and is currently being investigated as a potential therapeutic target.Perhaps unsurprisingly, neurodegenerative conditions exhibiting PIP dyshomeostasis also tend to show alterations in aspects of microglial function regulated by these lipids. In particular, phosphoinositides regulate the activities of proteins and enzymes required for endocytosis, toll-like receptor signaling, purinergic signaling, chemotaxis, and migration, all of which are affected in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. These functions are crucial to allow microglia to adequately survey the brain and respond appropriately to invading pathogens and other abnormalities, including misfolded proteins. AD and PD therapies are being developed to target many of the above pathways, and although not yet investigated, simultaneous PIP manipulation might enhance the beneficial effects observed. Currently, only limited therapeutics are available for dementia, and although these show some benefits for symptom severity and progression, they are far from curative. Given the importance of microglia and PIPs in dementia development, this review summarizes current research and asks whether we can exploit this information to design more targeted, or perhaps combined, dementia therapeutics. More work is needed to fully characterize the pathways discussed in this review, but given the strength of the current literature, insights in this area could be invaluable for the future of neurodegenerative disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Maguire
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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43
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Rodrigues Lima-Junior J, Sulzer D, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A. The role of immune-mediated alterations and disorders in ALS disease. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:155-161. [PMID: 33583639 PMCID: PMC7942756 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to neuronal death in the brain and spinal cord. Over the last decades, evidence has emerged regarding the functional diversity of astrocytes, microglia, and T cells in the central nervous system (CNS), and the role of neuroinflammation in ALS. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding neuroinflammation in ALS, both at the level of specific molecular pathways and potential cellular pathways as well as outline questions about the immune mechanisms involved in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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44
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Živančević K, Baralić K, Jorgovanović D, Buha Djordjević A, Ćurčić M, Antonijević Miljaković E, Antonijević B, Bulat Z, Đukić-Ćosić D. Elucidating the influence of environmentally relevant toxic metal mixture on molecular mechanisms involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases: In silico toxicogenomic data-mining. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110727. [PMID: 33465344 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This in silico toxicogenomic analysis aims to: (i) testify the hypothesis about the influence of the environmentally relevant toxic metals (lead, methylmercury (organic form of mercury), cadmium and arsenic) on molecular mechanisms involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) development; and (ii) demonstrate the capability of in silico toxicogenomic data-mining for distinguishing the probable mechanisms of mixture-induced toxic effects. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD; http://ctd. mdibl.org) and Cytoscape software were used as the main data-mining tools in this analysis. The results have shown that there were 7, 13 and 14 common genes for all the metals present in the mixture for each of the selected neurodegenerative disease (ND), respectively: ALS, PD and AD. Physical interactions (68.18%) were the most prominent interactions between the genes extracted for ALS, co-expression (60.85%) for PD and interactions predicted by the server (44.30%) for AD. SOD2 gene was noted as the mutual gene for all the selected ND. Oxidative stress, folate metabolism, vitamin B12, AGE-RAGE, apoptosis were noted as the key disrupted molecular pathways that contribute to the neurodegenerative disease's development. Gene ontology analysis revealed biological processes affected by the investigated mixture (glutathione metabolic process was listed as the most important for ALS, cellular response to toxic substance for PD, and neuron death for AD). Our results emphasize the role of oxidative stress, particularly SOD2, in neurodegeneration triggered by environmental toxic metal mixture and give a new insight into common molecular mechanisms involved in ALS, PD and AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Živančević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Jorgovanović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
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45
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Clarke BE, Patani R. The microglial component of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2021; 143:3526-3539. [PMID: 33427296 PMCID: PMC7805793 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune cells of the CNS, carrying out key homeostatic roles and undergoing context-dependent and temporally regulated changes in response to injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia have been implicated in playing a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by extensive motor neuron loss leading to paralysis and premature death. However, as the pathomechansims of ALS are increasingly recognized to involve a multitude of different cell types, it has been difficult to delineate the specific contribution of microglia to disease. Here, we review the literature of microglial involvement in ALS and discuss the evidence for the neurotoxic and neuroprotective pathways that have been attributed to microglia in this disease. We also discuss accumulating evidence for spatiotemporal regulation of microglial activation in this context. A deeper understanding of the role of microglia in the ‘cellular phase’ of ALS is crucial in the development of mechanistically rationalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Neuromuscular disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK
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46
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Canet-Pons J, Sen NE, Arsović A, Almaguer-Mederos LE, Halbach MV, Key J, Döring C, Kerksiek A, Picchiarelli G, Cassel R, René F, Dieterlé S, Fuchs NV, König R, Dupuis L, Lütjohann D, Gispert S, Auburger G. Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mouse spinal cord shows progressive TDP43 pathology associated with cholesterol biosynthesis suppression. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 152:105289. [PMID: 33577922 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large polyglutamine expansions in Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) cause multi-system nervous atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Intermediate size expansions carry a risk for selective motor neuron degeneration, known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Conversely, the depletion of ATXN2 prevents disease progression in ALS. Although ATXN2 interacts directly with RNA, and in ALS pathogenesis there is a crucial role of RNA toxicity, the affected functional pathways remain ill defined. Here, we examined an authentic SCA2 mouse model with Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn for a first definition of molecular mechanisms in spinal cord pathology. Neurophysiology of lower limbs detected sensory neuropathy rather than motor denervation. Triple immunofluorescence demonstrated cytosolic ATXN2 aggregates sequestrating TDP43 and TIA1 from the nucleus. In immunoblots, this was accompanied by elevated CASP3, RIPK1 and PQBP1 abundance. RT-qPCR showed increase of Grn, Tlr7 and Rnaset2 mRNA versus Eif5a2, Dcp2, Uhmk1 and Kif5a decrease. These SCA2 findings overlap well with known ALS features. Similar to other ataxias and dystonias, decreased mRNA levels for Unc80, Tacr1, Gnal, Ano3, Kcna2, Elovl5 and Cdr1 contrasted with Gpnmb increase. Preterminal stage tissue showed strongly activated microglia containing ATXN2 aggregates, with parallel astrogliosis. Global transcriptome profiles from stages of incipient motor deficit versus preterminal age identified molecules with progressive downregulation, where a cluster of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes including Dhcr24, Msmo1, Idi1 and Hmgcs1 was prominent. Gas chromatography demonstrated a massive loss of crucial cholesterol precursor metabolites. Overall, the ATXN2 protein aggregation process affects diverse subcellular compartments, in particular stress granules, endoplasmic reticulum and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. These findings identify new targets and potential biomarkers for neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Canet-Pons
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nesli-Ece Sen
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Arsović
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luis-Enrique Almaguer-Mederos
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Center for Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
| | - Melanie V Halbach
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jana Key
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Kerksiek
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Gina Picchiarelli
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphaelle Cassel
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédérique René
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Dieterlé
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nina V Fuchs
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Renate König
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Luc Dupuis
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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47
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Li L, Acioglu C, Heary RF, Elkabes S. Role of astroglial toll-like receptors (TLRs) in central nervous system infections, injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:740-755. [PMID: 33039660 PMCID: PMC7543714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) innate immunity plays essential roles in infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain or spinal cord injuries. Astrocytes and microglia are the principal cells that mediate innate immunity in the CNS. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), expressed by astrocytes and microglia, sense pathogen-derived or endogenous ligands released by damaged cells and initiate the innate immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a well-characterized family of PRRs. The contribution of microglial TLR signaling to CNS pathology has been extensively investigated. Even though astrocytes assume a wide variety of key functions, information about the role of astroglial TLRs in CNS disease and injuries is limited. Because astrocytes display heterogeneity and exhibit phenotypic plasticity depending on the effectors present in the local milieu, they can exert both detrimental and beneficial effects. TLRs are modulators of these paradoxical astroglial properties. The goal of the current review is to highlight the essential roles played by astroglial TLRs in CNS infections, injuries and diseases. We discuss the contribution of astroglial TLRs to host defense as well as the dissemination of viral and bacterial infections in the CNS. We examine the link between astroglial TLRs and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and present evidence showing the pivotal influence of astroglial TLR signaling on sterile inflammation in CNS injury. Finally, we define the research questions and areas that warrant further investigations in the context of astrocytes, TLRs, and CNS dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Cigdem Acioglu
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Robert F. Heary
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Stella Elkabes
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
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48
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Ciesielska A, Matyjek M, Kwiatkowska K. TLR4 and CD14 trafficking and its influence on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1233-1261. [PMID: 33057840 PMCID: PMC7904555 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) of Gram-negative bacteria and sequentially triggers two signaling cascades: the first one involving TIRAP and MyD88 adaptor proteins is induced in the plasma membrane, whereas the second engaging adaptor proteins TRAM and TRIF begins in early endosomes after endocytosis of the receptor. The LPS-induced internalization of TLR4 and hence also the activation of the TRIF-dependent pathway is governed by a GPI-anchored protein, CD14. The endocytosis of TLR4 terminates the MyD88-dependent signaling, while the following endosome maturation and lysosomal degradation of TLR4 determine the duration and magnitude of the TRIF-dependent one. Alternatively, TLR4 may return to the plasma membrane, which process is still poorly understood. Therefore, the course of the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses depends strictly on the rates of TLR4 endocytosis and trafficking through the endo-lysosomal compartment. Notably, prolonged activation of TLR4 is linked with several hereditary human diseases, neurodegeneration and also with autoimmune diseases and cancer. Recent studies have provided ample data on the role of diverse proteins regulating the functions of early, late, and recycling endosomes in the TLR4-induced inflammation caused by LPS or phagocytosis of E. coli. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of the internalization and intracellular trafficking of TLR4 and CD14, and also of LPS, in immune cells and discuss how dysregulation of the endo-lysosomal compartment contributes to the development of diverse human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Matyjek
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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49
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Michalska P, León R. When It Comes to an End: Oxidative Stress Crosstalk with Protein Aggregation and Neuroinflammation Induce Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080740. [PMID: 32806679 PMCID: PMC7463521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons in the brain or spinal cord that leads to a loss of function of the affected areas. The lack of effective treatments and the ever-increasing life expectancy is raising the number of individuals affected, having a tremendous social and economic impact. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage given the high energy demand, low levels of antioxidant defenses, and high levels of metal ions. Driven by age-related changes, neurodegeneration is characterized by increased oxidative stress leading to irreversible neuronal damage, followed by cell death. Nevertheless, neurodegenerative diseases are known as complex pathologies where several mechanisms drive neuronal death. Herein we discuss the interplay among oxidative stress, proteinopathy, and neuroinflammation at the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss the use of the Nrf2-ARE pathway as a potential therapeutic strategy based on these molecular mechanisms to develop transformative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Michalska
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (R.L.); Tel.: +34-91-497-27-66 (P.M. & R.L.)
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (R.L.); Tel.: +34-91-497-27-66 (P.M. & R.L.)
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50
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Liu L, Killoy KM, Vargas MR, Yamamoto Y, Pehar M. Effects of RAGE inhibition on the progression of the disease in hSOD1 G93A ALS mice. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00636. [PMID: 32776498 PMCID: PMC7415959 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play a key role in the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by actively inducing the degeneration of motor neurons. Motor neurons isolated from receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-knockout mice are resistant to the neurotoxic signal derived from ALS-astrocytes. Here, we confirmed that in a co-culture model, the neuronal death induced by astrocytes over-expressing the ALS-linked mutant hSOD1G93A is prevented by the addition of the RAGE inhibitors FPS-ZM1 or RAP. These inhibitors also prevented the motor neuron death induced by spinal cord extracts from symptomatic hSOD1G93A mice. To evaluate the relevance of this neurotoxic mechanism in ALS pathology, we assessed the therapeutic potential of FPS-ZM1 in hSOD1G93A mice. FPS-ZM1 treatment significantly improved hind-limb grip strength in hSOD1G93A mice during the progression of the disease, reduced the expression of atrophy markers in the gastrocnemius muscle, improved the survival of large motor neurons, and reduced gliosis in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. However, we did not observe a statistically significant effect of the drug in symptoms onset nor in the survival of hSOD1G93A mice. Maintenance of hind-limb grip strength was also observed in hSOD1G93A mice with RAGE haploinsufficiency [hSOD1G93A ;RAGE(+/-)], further supporting the beneficial effect of RAGE inhibition on muscle function. However, no benefits were observed after complete RAGE ablation. Moreover, genetic RAGE ablation significantly shortened the median survival of hSOD1G93A mice. These results indicate that the advance of new therapies targeting RAGE in ALS demands a better understanding of its physiological role in a cell type/tissue-specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- Biomedical Sciences Training ProgramDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Kelby M. Killoy
- Biomedical Sciences Training ProgramDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | | | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular BiologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaJapan
| | - Mariana Pehar
- Division of Geriatrics and GerontologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Geriatric Research Education Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Medical CenterMadisonWIUSA
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