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Mázala-de-Oliveira T, Silva BT, Campello-Costa P, Carvalho VF. The Role of the Adrenal-Gut-Brain Axis on Comorbid Depressive Disorder Development in Diabetes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1504. [PMID: 37892186 PMCID: PMC10604999 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are more affected by depression than non-diabetics, and this is related to greater treatment resistance and associated with poorer outcomes. This increase in the prevalence of depression in diabetics is also related to hyperglycemia and hypercortisolism. In diabetics, the hyperactivity of the HPA axis occurs in parallel to gut dysbiosis, weakness of the intestinal permeability barrier, and high bacterial-product translocation into the bloodstream. Diabetes also induces an increase in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression behaviors and neuroinflammation are exacerbated in diabetic mice. In this context, we propose here that hypercortisolism, in association with gut dysbiosis, leads to an exacerbation of hippocampal neuroinflammation, glutamatergic transmission, and neuronal apoptosis, leading to the development and aggravation of depression and to resistance to treatment of this mood disorder in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Mázala-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (T.M.-d.-O.); (B.T.S.)
| | - Bruna Teixeira Silva
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (T.M.-d.-O.); (B.T.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-201, Brazil;
| | - Paula Campello-Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-201, Brazil;
| | - Vinicius Frias Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (T.M.-d.-O.); (B.T.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-201, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação—INCT-NIM, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
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Brossaud J, Bosch-Bouju C, Marissal-Arvy N, Campas-Lebecque MN, Helbling JC, Webster SP, Walker BR, Fioramonti X, Ferreira G, Barat P, Corcuff JB, Moisan MP. Memory deficits in a juvenile rat model of type 1 diabetes are due to excess 11β-HSD1 activity, which is upregulated by high glucose concentrations rather than insulin deficiency. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1735-1747. [PMID: 37300580 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Children with diabetes may display cognitive alterations although vascular disorders have not yet appeared. Variations in glucose levels together with relative insulin deficiency in treated type 1 diabetes have been reported to impact brain function indirectly through dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. We have recently shown that enhancement of glucocorticoid levels in children with type 1 diabetes is dependent not only on glucocorticoid secretion but also on glucocorticoid tissue concentrations, which is linked to 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) activity. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and memory alteration were further dissected in a juvenile rat model of diabetes showing that excess 11β-HSD1 activity within the hippocampus is associated with hippocampal-dependent memory deficits. Here, to investigate the causal relationships between diabetes, 11β-HSD1 activity and hippocampus-dependent memory deficits, we evaluated the beneficial effect of 11β-HSD1 inhibition on hippocampal-related memory in juvenile diabetic rats. We also examined whether diabetes-associated enhancement of hippocampal 11β-HSD1 activity is due to an increase in brain glucose concentrations and/or a decrease in insulin signalling. METHODS Diabetes was induced in juvenile rats by daily i.p. injection of streptozotocin for 2 consecutive days. Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 was obtained by administrating the compound UE2316 twice daily by gavage for 3 weeks, after which hippocampal-dependent object location memory was assessed. Hippocampal 11β-HSD1 activity was estimated by the ratio of corticosterone/dehydrocorticosterone measured by LC/MS. Regulation of 11β-HSD1 activity in response to changes in glucose or insulin levels was determined ex vivo on acute brain hippocampal slices. The insulin regulation of 11β-HSD1 was further examined in vivo using virally mediated knockdown of insulin receptor expression specifically in the hippocampus. RESULTS Our data show that inhibiting 11β-HSD1 activity prevents hippocampal-related memory deficits in diabetic juvenile rats. A significant increase (53.0±9.9%) in hippocampal 11β-HSD1 activity was found in hippocampal slices incubated in high glucose conditions (13.9 mmol/l) vs normal glucose conditions (2.8 mmol/l) without insulin. However, 11β-HSD1 activity was not affected by variations in insulin concentration either in the hippocampal slices or after a decrease in hippocampal insulin receptor expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Together, these data demonstrate that an increase in 11β-HSD1 activity contributes to memory deficits observed in juvenile diabetic rats and that an excess of hippocampal 11β-HSD1 activity stems from high glucose levels rather than insulin deficiency. 11β-HSD1 might be a therapeutic target for treating cognitive impairments associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Brossaud
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.
- CHU Bordeaux, Nuclear Medicine, Pessac, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott P Webster
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascal Barat
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Pediatric Endocrinology and DiaBEA Unit, Hôpital des Enfants, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Corcuff
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Nuclear Medicine, Pessac, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Moisan
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
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3
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Zhu DY, Lu J, Xu R, Yang JZ, Meng XR, Ou-Yang XN, Yan QY, Nie RF, Zhao T, Chen YD, Lu Y, Zhang YN, Li WJ, Shen X. FX5, a non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, ameliorates diabetic cognitive impairment in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2495-2510. [PMID: 35260821 PMCID: PMC9525278 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) is a common diabetic complication characterized by learning and memory deficits. In diabetic patients, hyperactivated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leads to abnormal increase of glucocorticoids (GCs), which causes the damage of hippocampal neurons and cognitive impairment. In this study we investigated the cognition-improving effects of a non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist 5-chloro-N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide (FX5) in diabetic mice. Four weeks after T1DM or T2DM was induced, the mice were administered FX5 (20, 40 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 8 weeks. Cognitive impairment was assessed in open field test, novel object recognition test, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test. We showed that FX5 administration significantly ameliorated the cognitive impairments in both type 1 and 2 diabetic mice. Similar cognitive improvement was observed in diabetic mice following brain GR-specific knockdown by injecting AAV-si-GR. Moreover, AAV-si-GR injection occluded the cognition-improving effects of FX5, suggesting that FX5 functioning as a non-steroidal GR antagonist. In PA-treated primary neurons (as DCI model in vitro), we demonstrated that FX5 (2, 5, 10 μM) dose-dependently ameliorated synaptic impairment via upregulating GR/BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway, protected against neuronal apoptosis through repressing GR/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β-mediated tauopathy and subsequent endoplasmic reticulum stress. In LPS-treated primary microglia, FX5 dose-dependently inhibited inflammation through GR/NF-κB/NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway. These beneficial effects were also observed in the hippocampus of diabetic mice following FX5 administration. Collectively, we have elucidated the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of non-steroidal GR antagonist FX5 on DCI and highlighted the potential of FX5 in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Juan-Zhen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiang-Rui Meng
- Faculty of Art and Science, Queens University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Xing-Nan Ou-Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui-Fang Nie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-di Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Marissal-Arvy N, Moisan MP. Diabetes and associated cognitive disorders: Role of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal axis. Metabol Open 2022; 15:100202. [PMID: 35958117 PMCID: PMC9357829 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both diabetes types, types 1 and 2, are associated with cognitive impairments. Each period of life is concerned, and this is an increasing public health problem. Animal models have been developed to investigate the biological actors involved in such impairments. Many levels of the brain function (structure, volume, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, behavior) are involved. In this review, we detailed the part potentially played by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal axis in these dysfunctions. Notably, regulating glucocorticoid levels, their receptors and their bioavailability appear to be relevant for future research studies, and treatment development.
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Manohar S, Adler HJ, Chen GD, Salvi R. Blast-induced hearing loss suppresses hippocampal neurogenesis and disrupts long term spatial memory. Hear Res 2020; 395:108022. [PMID: 32663733 PMCID: PMC9063718 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic information transduced by cochlear hair cells is continuously relayed from the auditory pathway to other sensory, motor, emotional and cognitive centers in the central nervous system. Human epidemiological studies have suggested that hearing loss is a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline, but the mechanisms contributing to these memory and cognitive impairments are poorly understood. To explore these issues in a controlled experimental setting, we exposed adult rats to a series of intense blast wave exposures that significantly reduced the neural output of the cochlea. Several weeks later, we used the Morris Water Maze test, a hippocampal-dependent memory task, to assess the ability of Blast Wave and Control rats to learn a spatial navigation task (memory acquisition) and to remember what they had learned (spatial memory retention) several weeks earlier. The elevated plus maze and open field arena were used to test for anxiety-like behaviors. Afterwards, hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis were evaluated using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), doublecortin (DCX), and Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN) immunolabeling. The Blast Wave and Control rats learned the spatial navigation task equally well and showed no differences on tests of anxiety. However, the Blast Wave rats performed significantly worse on the spatial memory retention task, i.e., remembering where they had been two weeks earlier. Deficits on the spatial memory retention task were associated with significant decreases in hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Our blast wave results are consistent with other experimental manipulations that link spatial memory retention deficits (long term memory) with decreased cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. These results add to the growing body of knowledge linking blast-induced cochlear hearing loss with the cognitive deficits often seen in combat personnel and provide mechanistic insights into these extra auditory disorders that could lead to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilvelan Manohar
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Henry J Adler
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Guang-Di Chen
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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Li X, Wu X, Luo P, Xiong L. Astrocyte-specific NDRG2 gene: functions in the brain and neurological diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2461-2472. [PMID: 31834421 PMCID: PMC11104915 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the roles of astrocytes of the central nervous system in brain function and neurological disease have drawn increasing attention. As a member of the N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family, NDRG2 is principally expressed in astrocytes of the central nervous system. NDRG2, which is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressor. In astrocytes, NDRG2 affects the regulation of apoptosis, astrogliosis, blood-brain barrier integrity, and glutamate clearance. Several preclinical studies have revealed that NDRG2 is implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases not limited to tumors (mostly glioma in the nervous system), such as stroke, neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), and psychiatric disorders (depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). This review summarizes the biological functions of NDRG2 under physiological and pathological conditions, and further discusses the roles of NDRG2 during the occurrence and development of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Tajiri M, Nakahashi O, Kagawa T, Masuda M, Ohminami H, Iwano M, Takeda E, Taketani Y, Yamamoto H. Association of increased renal Cyp24a1 gene expression with low plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:49-56. [PMID: 32001956 PMCID: PMC6983441 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreases in plasma vitamin D concentrations have been reported in diabetes, although the mechanism involved in this decrease is unclear. Here, we investigated the association between Cyp24a1, a vitamin D catabolic enzyme, and abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats, an animal model of type 1 diabetes. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels were significantly lower in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats and renal Cyp24a1 mRNA expression levels were increased. Western blotting analysis of streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats kidney tissues with anti-CYP24A1 antibody showed a strong signal around 40 kDa, which differs from the predicted 50–55 kDa molecular weight for full-length Cyp24a1 and could represent the Cyp24a1-splicing variant that lacks exons 1 and 2. We observed high levels of renal Cyp24a1-splicing variant mRNA expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. We also confirmed transcriptional up-regulation of endogenous Cyp24a1 mRNA expression through glucocorticoid receptors by glucocorticoid in opossum kidney proximal cells. Taken together, our results indicated that high Cyp24a1 expression levels may play a role in the decrease of plasma 1,25(OH)2D levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. High plasma corticosterone levels in diabetes may affect transcriptional regulation to promote increases in Cyp24a1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tajiri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Otoki Nakahashi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.,Division of Functional Food Chemistry, Institute for Health Science, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahoji, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kagawa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masashi Masuda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohminami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iwano
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka, Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Eiji Takeda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Taketani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka, Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jin-ai University, 3-1-1 Ohde-cho, Echizen-city, Fukui 915-8586, Japan
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Activation of mineralocorticoid receptors facilitate the acquisition of fear memory extinction and impair the generalization of fear memory in diabetic animals. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:529-542. [PMID: 31713655 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Studies point out a higher prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals with diabetes mellitus. It is known that glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors are implicated in fear memory processes and PTSD. However, there is no preclinical studies addressing the involvement of these receptors on abnormal fear memories related to diabetic condition. OBJECTIVES By inducing a contextual conditioned fear memory, we generate a suitable condition to investigate the extinction and the generalization of the fear memory in streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DBT) rats alongside the expression of the cytosolic and nuclear GR and MR in the hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Moreover, we investigated the involvement of the MR or GR on the acquisition of fear memory extinction and on the generalization of this fear memory. When appropriate, anxiety-related behavior was evaluated. METHODS Male Wistar rats received one injection of steptozotocin (i.p.) to induce diabetes. After 4 weeks, the animals (DBTs and non-DBTs) were subjected to a conditioned contextual fear protocol. RESULTS The expression of MR and GR in the HIP and PFC was similar among all the groups. The single injection of MR agonist was able to facilitate the acquisition of the impaired fear memory extinction in DBTs animals together with the impairment of its generalization. However, the GR antagonism impaired only the generalization of this fear memory which was blocked by the previous injection of the MR antagonist. All treatments were able to exert anxiolytic-like effects. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that MR activation in DBT animals disrupts the overconsolidation of aversive memory, without discarding the involvement of emotional behavior in these processes.
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Goodarzi G, Shirgir A, Alavi S, Khoshi A. Effect of insulin-glucose metabolism compared with obesity on adipose omentin gene expression in different models of diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:65. [PMID: 31428203 PMCID: PMC6694498 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omentin, releasing by adipose-tissue may be related to glucose metabolism. The omentin circulating levels and the related mRNA expression in visceral adipose-tissue are different in types of diabetes and the exact function of this molecule is still unknown. The aim of this study was to examine omentin gene expression in adipose-tissues of type-1 and type-2 diabetic mice for the investigation of the effects of fat-mass and insulin-glucose metabolism. METHODS In this study, 36 C57BL/6 mice were divided into four experimental groups, including control, type-1 diabetes (inducted by streptozotocin), type-2 diabetes with obesity (high-fat diet + low-dose-streptozotocin [HFD + STZ]), and type-2 with normal weight (normal-pellet diet + low-dose-streptozotocin [NPD + STZ]). The present study involved the measurements of oral-glucose-tolerance-test and the levels of biochemical parameters, including blood glucose, omentin, insulin, lipid-profile, as well as aminotransferases. In addition, the omentin mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase-chain-reaction. RESULTS The results of omentin gene expression analysis showed a significant difference between mRNA expressions in the experimental groups. The plasma omentin levels were significantly higher in type-1 diabetes group and lower in type-2 diabetes with NPD + STZ; however, the plasma omentin levels were not changed in the HFD + STZ group. In addition, the findings of serum-biochemical analysis revealed significant differences, compared to the control-group. CONCLUSIONS The omentin expression may be affected by insulin and glucose levels in different types of diabetes more than fat-mass, and due to the local activity, the serum omentin may not comply with its gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirreza Shirgir
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sadegh Alavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Khoshi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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Metformin attenuates increase of synaptic number in the rat spinal dorsal horn with painful diabetic neuropathy induced by type 2 diabetes: a stereological study. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2232-2239. [PMID: 30306321 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we have shown that number of synapses in the L5 segment of spinal dorsal horn increased significantly in a rat model of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) induced by high-dose of streptozotocin (an animal model of type 1 diabetes). The aims of this study were: (1) to determine whether high fat diet/low dose streptozotocin-diabetes, a rat model for type 2 diabetes, related PDN was also associated with this synaptic plasticity, (2) to reveal the range of this synaptic plasticity change occurred (in the whole length of spinal dorsal horn or only in the L5 lumbar segment of spinal dorsal horn) and (3) to discover whether treatment with metformin had effect on this synaptic plasticity. Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into the control group (n = 7), the PDN group (n = 6) and the PDN treated with metformin (PDN + M) group (n = 7), respectively. 28 days after medication, synaptic and neuronal numbers in the whole length of spinal dorsal horn or in 1 mm length of the L5 segment of spinal dorsal horn were estimated by the optical disector (a stereological technique). Compared to the control group and the PDN + M group, number of synapses in the L5 segment of spinal dorsal horn increased significantly in the PDN group (P < 0.05). There was no significant change between the control group and the PDN + M group in terms of the parameters in the L5 segment of the spinal dorsal horn (P > 0.05). Parameters of the whole length of spinal dorsal horn showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that high fat diet/low dose streptozotocin diabetes related PDN is also associated with a numerical increase of synapses in the L5 segment of spinal dorsal horn but not in the whole length of spinal dorsal horn. Furthermore, the analgesic effect of metformin against PDN is related to its inhibition of numerical increase of synaptic number in the rat spinal dorsal horn.
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Marissal-Arvy N, Campas MN, Semont A, Ducroix-Crepy C, Beauvieux MC, Brossaud J, Corcuff JB, Helbling JC, Vancassel S, Bouzier-Sore AK, Touyarot K, Ferreira G, Barat P, Moisan MP. Insulin treatment partially prevents cognitive and hippocampal alterations as well as glucocorticoid dysregulation in early-onset insulin-deficient diabetic rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 93:72-81. [PMID: 29702445 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in ever younger children led us to question the impact of insulin deficiency or chronic hyperglycemia on cerebral development and memory performances. Here, we sought abnormalities in these traits in a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in juvenile rats treated or not by insulin. We made the assumption that such alterations would be related, at least in part, to excessive glucocorticoid exposition in hippocampal neurons. We have compared 3 groups of juvenile rats: controls, untreated diabetics and insulin-treated diabetics. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg IP/day, 2 consecutive days), at postnatal days 21 and 22 and a subcutaneous pellet delivering 2 U of insulin/day was implanted in treated diabetic rats 3 days later. Three weeks after diabetes induction, cognitive performances (Y maze, object location and recognition tests), in vivo brain structure (brain volume and water diffusion by structural magnetic resonance imaging), and hippocampal neurogenesis (immunohistochemical labeling) measurements were undertaken. Corticosterone levels were evaluated in plasma under basal and stress conditions, and within hippocampus together with 11β-dehydrocorticosterone to assess 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) activity. The comparison of the three experimental groups revealed that, compared to controls, untreated diabetic rats showed decreased cognitive performances in Y-maze and object location test (p < 0.05), decreased brain and hippocampal microstructure (p < 0.05), and decreased maturation and survival of hippocampal newborn neurons (p < 0.05). These alterations were associated with increased plasma corticosterone at the baseline nadir of its secretion (p < 0.001) and during the recovery phase following a restraint stress (p < 0.001), as well as increased hippocampal corticosterone levels (p < 0.01) and 11β-HSD1 activity (p < 0.05). As untreated diabetic rats, insulin-treated diabetic rats displayed decreased brain volume and water diffusion (p < 0.05 compared to controls) and intermediate memory performances and hippocampal neurogenesis (p value not significant compared to either controls or untreated diabetics). Moreover, they were similar to controls for basal plasma and hippocampal corticosterone and 11β-HSD1 activity but show increased plasma corticosterone during the recovery phase following a restraint stress similar to untreated diabetics (p < 0.001 compared to controls). Thus, insulin did not completely prevent several hippocampal-dependent behavioral and structural alterations induced by diabetes in juvenile rats which may relate to the higher cognitive difficulties encountered in T1D children compared to non-diabetic controls. Although insulin restored basal corticosterone and 11β-HSD1 activity (in hippocampus and plasma), the negative feedback regulation of corticosterone secretion after stress was still impaired in insulin-treated diabetic rats. Further characterization of insulin control on glucocorticoid regulation and availability within hippocampus is awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Marissal-Arvy
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology UMR1286, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Neige Campas
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology UMR1286, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Unité d'endocrinologie et de diabétologie pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants, Place Amélie Rabat-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Audrey Semont
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology UMR1286, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Ducroix-Crepy
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology UMR1286, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Christine Beauvieux
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Brossaud
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology UMR1286, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Corcuff
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology UMR1286, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Helbling
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology UMR1286, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology UMR1286, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Katia Touyarot
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology UMR1286, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology UMR1286, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascal Barat
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology UMR1286, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Unité d'endocrinologie et de diabétologie pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants, Place Amélie Rabat-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Moisan
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology UMR1286, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
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12
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Stereological study on the number of synapses in the rat spinal dorsal horn with painful diabetic neuropathy induced by streptozotocin. Neuroreport 2017; 28:319-324. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Kou ZZ, Wan FP, Bai Y, Li CY, Hu JC, Zhang GT, Zhang T, Chen T, Wang YY, Li H, Li YQ. Decreased Endomorphin-2 and μ-Opioid Receptor in the Spinal Cord Are Associated with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:80. [PMID: 27656127 PMCID: PMC5013037 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the most common complications in the early stage of diabetes mellitus (DM). Endomorphin-2 (EM2) selectively activates the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and subsequently induces antinociceptive effects in the spinal dorsal horn. However, the effects of EM2-MOR in PDN have not yet been clarified in the spinal dorsal horn. Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of EM2-MOR in the pathogenesis of PDN. The main findings were the following: (1) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia, body weight loss and mechanical allodynia; (2) in the spinal dorsal horn, the expression levels of EM2 and MOR decreased in diabetic rats; (3) EM2 protein concentrations decreased in the brain, lumbar spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in diabetic rats but were unchanged in the plasma; (4) the frequency but not the amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) was significantly higher in diabetic rats than in control rats; and (5) intrathecal injection of EM2 for 14 days in the early stage of PDN partially alleviated mechanical allodynia and reduced MOR expression in diabetic rats. Our results demonstrate that the EM2-MOR signal may be involved in the early stage of PDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Kou
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Fa-Ping Wan
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Yu Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Chen Hu
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Tao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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Golier JA, Caramanica K, Michaelides AC, Makotkine I, Schmeidler J, Harvey PD, Yehuda R. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of mifepristone in Gulf War veterans with chronic multisymptom illness. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 64:22-30. [PMID: 26600007 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
No pharmacological treatments have been demonstrated to effectively treat chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) in Gulf War veterans (GWV). This study assessed the effect of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone in GWV with CMI. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial of mifepristone, with two six-week treatment phases separated by a one-month washout period, was conducted at a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital between 2008 and 2011. Participants were randomized to receive either 200mg of mifepristone per day or matched placebo first. The primary clinical outcome measure was change in self-reported physical health. Neurocognitive functioning and self-reported measures of depression, PTSD, and fatigue were secondary outcomes. Sixty-five participants enrolled, of whom 36 were randomized and 32 (mean age, 49.1 (7.2) years) completed the study. Physical and mental health status and neurocognitive functioning were poor at baseline. Mifepristone treatment was not associated with improvement in self-reported physical health (p=0.838) or in other self-reported measures of mental health. Mifepristone treatment was significantly associated with improvements in verbal learning (p=0.008, d=0.508), in the absence of improvement in other cognitive measures (working memory (p=0.914), visual learning (p=0.643) and a global composite measure (p=0.937). Baseline morning cortisol levels and lysozyme IC50-DEX, a measure of peripheral glucocorticoid sensitivity, displayed a significant relationship with endpoint verbal learning scores (p=0.012 and p=0.007, respectively). The magnitude of cortisol change during treatment mediated the improvement in verbal learning. This study was negative for the primary and secondary clinical outcomes. However, the data suggest a moderate dose of mifepristone may have circumscribed cognitive-enhancing effects in CMI. Further study is warranted to determine whether and through which mechanisms mifepristone treatment can yield clinically meaningful improvement in cognitive function in CMI or other neuropsychiatric conditions associated with HPA axis dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Golier
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, OOMH-526, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Psychiatry Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Kimberly Caramanica
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, OOMH-526, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Andreas C Michaelides
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, OOMH-526, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Iouri Makotkine
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, OOMH-526, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Psychiatry Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - James Schmeidler
- Psychiatry Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Philip D Harvey
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, OOMH-526, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Psychiatry Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, United States
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Morton GJ, Meek TH, Matsen ME, Schwartz MW. Evidence against hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in the antidiabetic action of leptin. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4587-91. [PMID: 26529250 DOI: 10.1172/jci82723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin administration restores euglycemia in rodents with severe insulin-deficient diabetes, and recent studies to explain this phenomenon have focused on the ability of leptin to normalize excessive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Here, we employed a streptozotocin-induced rat model (STZ-DM) of uncontrolled insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus (uDM) to investigate the contribution of HPA axis suppression to leptin-mediated glucose lowering. Specifically, we asked if HPA axis activation is required for diabetic hyperglycemia, whether HPA axis normalization can be achieved using a dose of leptin below that needed to normalize glycemia, and if the ability of leptin to lower plasma glucocorticoid levels is required for its antidiabetic action. In STZ-DM rats, neither adrenalectomy-induced (ADX-induced) glucocorticoid deficiency nor pharmacological glucocorticoid receptor blockade lowered elevated blood glucose levels. Although elevated plasma levels of corticosterone were normalized by i.v. leptin infusion at a dose that raises low plasma levels into the physiological range, diabetic hyperglycemia was not altered. Lastly, the potent glucose-lowering effect of continuous intracerebroventricular leptin infusion was not impacted by systemic administration of corticosterone at a dose that maintained elevated plasma levels characteristic of STZ-DM. We conclude that, although restoring low plasma leptin levels into the physiological range effectively normalizes increased HPA axis activity in rats with uDM, this effect is neither necessary nor sufficient to explain leptin's antidiabetic action.
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Lin K, Yin A, Yao L, Li Y. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 in the nervous system: from expression pattern to function. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:761-6. [PMID: 26341979 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) has been shown to be a multifunctional protein associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, transmembrane transport, and stress responses. In most mammalian brains, NDRG2 is principally expressed in astrocytic cells throughout different regions. NDRG2 has been increasingly implicated in the regulation of neurogenesis and in the development of nervous system diseases, including neurodegeneration, ischemia, and glioblastoma. This review summarizes the distribution and subcellular localization of NDRG2 in brain tissues, highlights the physiological actions of NDRG2 in the nervous system, and further discusses the roles of NDRG2 during the occurrence and development of several nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Anqi Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Libo Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Zuo ZF, Liao YH, Ding T, Dong YL, Qu J, Wang J, Wei YY, Lu YC, Liu XZ, Li YQ. Astrocytic NDRG2 is involved in glucocorticoid-mediated diabetic mechanical allodynia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 108:128-36. [PMID: 25656762 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aims to test whether astrocytes contribute to glucocorticoid-mediated diabetic mechanical allodynia. METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were used in our study. The intrathecal operation was performed 21 days after the onset of diabetes. Diabetic mechanical allodynia was present 28 d after the onset of diabetes, and the mechanical threshold was tested using von Frey filaments. Immunohistochemistry, including immunofluorescent histochemical staining, was performed to observe the morphology of the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Western blot analysis was employed as a semi-quantitative assay of the expression levels of GFAP and NDRG2 associated with diabetic mechanical allodynia. RESULTS Diabetic rats displayed mechanical allodynia and activated astrocytes in the SDH 28 days after the onset of diabetes. This allodynia was attenuated by intrathecal administration of the astrocyte-specific inhibitor l-α-aminoadipate. In parallel, intrathecal injection of RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, inhibited the activation of astrocytes in the SDH, alleviating the diabetes-induced mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, we found that dorsal horn astrocytes express abundant N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), which contributes to astrocyte reactivity. NDRG2 was over-expressed in activated astrocytes in diabetic rats with mechanical allodynia. Intrathecal injection of RU486 prevented the over-expression of NDRG2, which reversed the astrocyte reactivity and diabetic tactile allodynia. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that glucocorticoid-mediated over-expression of NDRG2 may contribute to the activation of dorsal horn astrocytes, which play a crucial role in diabetic mechanical allodynia. Thus, inhibiting glucocorticoid receptors and/or astrocyte reactivity in the SDH may be a therapeutic strategy for treating diabetic tactile allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Fu Zuo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Liaoning Medical University, No. 3-40 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, PR China
| | - Yong-Hui Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Tan Ding
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Juan Qu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Ya-Cheng Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Xue-Zheng Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Liaoning Medical University, No. 3-40 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, PR China.
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Liu X, Zuo Z, Liu W, Wang Z, Hou Y, Fu Y, Han Y. Upregulation of Nogo receptor expression induces apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in diabetic rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:815-20. [PMID: 25206894 PMCID: PMC4146255 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.131597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nogo receptor is an essential factor for neuronal apoptosis, but the changes in Nogo receptor expression in the retina and the effects of the Nogo receptor on retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in diabetes mellitus remain unclear. We found that Nogo receptor expression was mainly visible in retinal ganglion cells of a rat model of diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin. At 12 weeks after onset of diabetes mellitus, Nogo receptor and Rho kinase expression significantly increased in the retina, and retinal ganglion cell apoptosis was apparent. When RNA interference was used to suppress Nogo receptor expression in rat retina, Rho kinase expression was obviously inhibited, and retinal ganglion cell apoptosis was evidently reduced in rats with diabetes mellitus. These results indicate that upregulation of Nogo receptor expression is an important mechanism of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in rats with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhongfu Zuo
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wanpeng Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Scientific Experimental Center, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yunjie Fu
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuzhi Han
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
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Kou ZZ, Li CY, Hu JC, Yin JB, Zhang DL, Liao YH, Wu ZY, Ding T, Qu J, Li H, Li YQ. Alterations in the neural circuits from peripheral afferents to the spinal cord: possible implications for diabetic polyneuropathy in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8:6. [PMID: 24523675 PMCID: PMC3905201 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) presents as a wide variety of sensorimotor symptoms and affects approximately 50% of diabetic patients. Changes in the neural circuits may occur in the early stages in diabetes and are implicated in the development of DPN. Therefore, we aimed to detect changes in the expression of isolectin B4 (IB4, the marker for nonpeptidergic unmyelinated fibers and their cell bodies) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, the marker for peptidergic fibers and their cell bodies) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats showing alterations in sensory and motor function. We also used cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) to show the morphological changes of the myelinated fibers and motor neurons. STZ-induced diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia, decreased body weight gain, mechanical allodynia and impaired locomotor activity. In the DRG and spinal dorsal horn, IB4-labeled structures decreased, but both CGRP immunostaining and CTB labeling increased from day 14 to day 28 in diabetic rats. In spinal ventral horn, CTB labeling decreased in motor neurons in diabetic rats. Treatment with intrathecal injection of insulin at the early stages of DPN could alleviate mechanical allodynia and impaired locomotor activity in diabetic rats. The results suggest that the alterations of the neural circuits between spinal nerve and spinal cord via the DRG and ventral root might be involved in DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Kou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Yu Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Chen Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Bin Yin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Yong-Hui Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Tan Ding
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Qu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
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Electroacupuncture Attenuates Reference Memory Impairment Associated with Astrocytic NDRG2 Suppression in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:305-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Spatial memory impairments in a prediabetic rat model. Neuroscience 2013; 250:565-77. [PMID: 23912035 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk for brain disorders, namely cognitive impairments associated with hippocampal dysfunction underlying diabetic encephalopathy. However, the impact of a prediabetic state on cognitive function is unknown. Therefore, we now investigated whether spatial learning and memory deficits and the underlying hippocampal dysfunction were already present in a prediabetic animal model. Adult Wistar rats drinking high-sucrose (HSu) diet (35% sucrose solution during 9 weeks) were compared to controls' drinking water. HSu rats exhibited fasting normoglycemia accompanied by hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia in the fed state, and insulin resistance with impaired glucose tolerance confirming them as a prediabetic rodent model. HSu rats displayed a poorer performance in hippocampal-dependent short- and long-term spatial memory performance, assessed with the modified Y-maze and Morris water maze tasks, respectively; this was accompanied by a reduction of insulin receptor-β density with normal levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 pSer636/639, and decreased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor levels without changes of the plasma corticosterone levels. Importantly, HSu animals exhibited increased hippocampal levels of AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits GluA1 and GLUN1, respectively, whereas the levels of protein markers related to nerve terminals (synaptophysin) and oxidative stress/inflammation (HNE, RAGE, TNF-α) remained unaltered. These findings indicate that 9 weeks of sucrose consumption resulted in a metabolic condition suggestive of a prediabetic state, which translated into short- and long-term spatial memory deficits accompanied by alterations in hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission and abnormal glucocorticoid signaling.
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Renno WM, Al-Banaw AG, George P, Abu-Ghefreh AA, Akhtar S, Benter IF. Angiotensin-(1–7) Via the Mas Receptor Alleviates the Diabetes-Induced Decrease in GFAP and GAP-43 Immunoreactivity with Concomitant Reduction in the COX-2 in Hippocampal Formation: An Immunohistochemical Study. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 32:1323-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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