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Kassim FM. Acute caffeine administration impaired spatial working memory in habitual coffee/tea drinkers: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 64:21-25. [PMID: 39244155 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although coffee consumption is widespread worldwide, a recent study showed that acute intake of caffeine negatively affects working memory (WM) performance on n-back tasks among habitual caffeine consumers. However, there is a scarcity of double-blind, placebo-controlled studies that assess the spatial WM (SWM) effects of caffeine using spatial span tasks. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effects of acute caffeine administration (200 mg, PO) on SWM and verbal WM (VWM) among habitual caffeine consumers. METHODS The effects of caffeine on working memory (WM) was evaluated through the administration of backward digit span and spatial span tasks under a delay-dependent condition (0, 4, 8, and 6 s) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 18 healthy participants. This data is derived from our previous published study. The total scores obtained and the maximum scores achieved were the primary outcome variables of the study. RESULTS Caffeine had a significant impact on SWM (maximum obtained, p = 0.013; for total scored, p = 0.007) in a delay-independent manner. However, there were no significant main effects of caffeine on VWM (p = 0.82 for maximum obtained, p = 0.56 for total scored). CONCLUSION Overall, the present findings contradict the commonly held belief that caffeine improves cognitive performance and suggest that acute administration of caffeine may impair SWM in habitual coffee/tea drinkers. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CT-2018-CTN-02561 (Therapeutic Goods Administration Clinical Trial Registry) and ACTRN12618001292268 (The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Mohammed Kassim
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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2
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Montandon ML, Haller S, Rodriguez C, Herrmann FR, Giannakopoulos P. Wearing a KN95/FFP2 facemask has no measureable effect on functional activity in a challenging working memory n-back task. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1374625. [PMID: 38770397 PMCID: PMC11103007 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1374625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wide use of facemasks is one of the many consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We used an established working memory n-back task in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore whether wearing a KN95/FFP2 facemask affects overall performance and brain activation patterns. We provide here a prospective crossover design 3 T fMRI study with/without wearing a tight FFP2/KN95 facemask, including 24 community-dwelling male healthy control participants (mean age ± SD = 37.6 ± 12.7 years) performing a 2-back task. Data analysis was performed using the FSL toolbox, performing both task-related and functional connectivity independent component analyses. Results Wearing an FFP2/KN95 facemask did not impact behavioral measures of the 2-back task (response time and number of errors). The 2-back task resulted in typical activations in working-memory related areas in both MASK and NOMASK conditions. There were no statistically significant differences in MASK versus NOMASK while performing the 2-back task in both task-related and functional connectivity fMRI analyses. Conclusion The effect of wearing a tight FFP2/KN95 facemasks did not significantly affect working memory performance and brain activation patterns of functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Montandon
- Memory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sven Haller
- CIMC—Centre d’Imagerie Médicale de Cornavin, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cristelle Rodriguez
- Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R. Herrmann
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Panteleimon Giannakopoulos
- Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Kassim FM, Lim JHM, Slawik SV, Gaus K, Peters B, Lee JWY, Hepple EK, Rodger J, Albrecht MA, Martin-Iverson MT. The effects of caffeine and d-amphetamine on spatial span task in healthy participants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287538. [PMID: 37440493 PMCID: PMC10343048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies that examined the effect of amphetamine or caffeine on spatial working memory (SWM) and verbal working memory (VWM) have used various tasks. However, there are no studies that have used spatial span tasks (SSTs) to assess the SWM effect of amphetamine and caffeine, although some studies have used digit span tasks (DST) to assess VWM. Previous reports also showed that increasing dopamine increases psychosis-like experiences (PLE, or schizotypy) scores which are in turn negatively associated with WM performance in people with high schizotypy and people with schizophrenia. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the influence of d-amphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO), a dopamine releasing stimulant, on SST, DST, and on PLE in healthy volunteers. In a separate study, we examined the effect of caffeine, a nonspecific adenosine receptor antagonist with stimulant properties, on similar tasks. METHODS Healthy participants (N = 40) took part in two randomized, double-blind, counter-balanced placebo-controlled cross-over pilot studies: The first group (N = 20) with d-amphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO) and the second group (N = 20) with caffeine (200 mg, PO). Spatial span and digit span were examined under four delay conditions (0, 2, 4, 8 s). PLE were assessed using several scales measuring various aspects of psychosis and schizotypy. RESULTS We failed to find an effect of d-amphetamine or caffeine on SWM or VWM, relative to placebo. However, d-amphetamine increased a composite score of psychosis-like experiences (p = 0.0005), specifically: Scores on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Perceptual Aberrations Scale, and Magical Ideation Scale were increased following d-amphetamine. The degree of change in PLE following d-amphetamine negatively and significantly correlated with changes in SWM, mainly at the longest delay condition of 8 s (r = -0.58, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION The present results showed that moderate-high dose of d-amphetamine and moderate dose of caffeine do not directly affect performances on DST or SST. However, the results indicate that d-amphetamine indirectly influences SWM, through its effect on psychosis-like experiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CT-2018-CTN-02561 (Therapeutic Goods Administration Clinical Trial Registry) and ACTRN12618001292268 (The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry) for caffeine study, and ACTRN12608000610336 for d-amphetamine study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz M. Kassim
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - J. H. Mark Lim
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sophie V. Slawik
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Katharina Gaus
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Joseph W. Y. Lee
- Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emily K. Hepple
- Mental Health, North Metropolitan Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Brain Plasticity Group, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Albrecht
- Western Australian Centre for Road Safety Research, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australa, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mathew T. Martin-Iverson
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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4
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Picó-Pérez M, Magalhães R, Esteves M, Vieira R, Castanho TC, Amorim L, Sousa M, Coelho A, Moreira PS, Cunha RA, Sousa N. Coffee consumption decreases the connectivity of the posterior Default Mode Network (DMN) at rest. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1176382. [PMID: 37448789 PMCID: PMC10336217 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1176382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitual coffee consumers justify their life choices by arguing that they become more alert and increase motor and cognitive performance and efficiency; however, these subjective impressions still do not have a neurobiological correlation. Using functional connectivity approaches to study resting-state fMRI data in a group of habitual coffee drinkers, we herein show that coffee consumption decreased connectivity of the posterior default mode network (DMN) and between the somatosensory/motor networks and the prefrontal cortex, while the connectivity in nodes of the higher visual and the right executive control network (RECN) is increased after drinking coffee; data also show that caffeine intake only replicated the impact of coffee on the posterior DMN, thus disentangling the neurochemical effects of caffeine from the experience of having a coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga, Braga, Portugal
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Madalena Esteves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Rita Vieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa C. Castanho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga, Braga, Portugal
- P5 Medical Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - Liliana Amorim
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga, Braga, Portugal
- P5 Medical Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Coelho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Pedro S. Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga, Braga, Portugal
- P5 Medical Center, Braga, Portugal
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5
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Lindner T, Bolar DS, Achten E, Barkhof F, Bastos-Leite AJ, Detre JA, Golay X, Günther M, Wang DJJ, Haller S, Ingala S, Jäger HR, Jahng GH, Juttukonda MR, Keil VC, Kimura H, Ho ML, Lequin M, Lou X, Petr J, Pinter N, Pizzini FB, Smits M, Sokolska M, Zaharchuk G, Mutsaerts HJMM. Current state and guidance on arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI in clinical neuroimaging. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:2024-2047. [PMID: 36695294 PMCID: PMC10914350 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on clinical applications of arterial spin labeling (ASL) and is part of a wider effort from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Perfusion Study Group to update and expand on the recommendations provided in the 2015 ASL consensus paper. Although the 2015 consensus paper provided general guidelines for clinical applications of ASL MRI, there was a lack of guidance on disease-specific parameters. Since that time, the clinical availability and clinical demand for ASL MRI has increased. This position paper provides guidance on using ASL in specific clinical scenarios, including acute ischemic stroke and steno-occlusive disease, arteriovenous malformations and fistulas, brain tumors, neurodegenerative disease, seizures/epilepsy, and pediatric neuroradiology applications, focusing on disease-specific considerations for sequence optimization and interpretation. We present several neuroradiological applications in which ASL provides unique information essential for making the diagnosis. This guidance is intended for anyone interested in using ASL in a routine clinical setting (i.e., on a single-subject basis rather than in cohort studies) building on the previous ASL consensus review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lindner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Divya S. Bolar
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric Achten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, UK
| | | | - John A. Detre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Xavier Golay
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Günther
- (1) University Bremen, Germany; (2) Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany; (3) mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danny JJ Wang
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Sven Haller
- (1) CIMC - Centre d’Imagerie Médicale de Cornavin, Place de Cornavin 18, 1201 Genève 1201 Genève (2) Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (3) Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Switzerland. Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, P. R. China
| | - Silvia Ingala
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Jäger
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neuroradiology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Meher R. Juttukonda
- (1) Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown MA USA (2) Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA USA
| | - Vera C. Keil
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hirohiko Kimura
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, JAPAN
| | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maarten Lequin
- Division Imaging & Oncology, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine | University Medical Center Utrecht & Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jan Petr
- (1) Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany (2) Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nandor Pinter
- Dent Neurologic Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA. University at Buffalo Neurosurgery, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Francesca B. Pizzini
- Radiology Institute, Dept. of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marion Smits
- (1) Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (2) The Brain Tumour Centre, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Sokolska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Henk JMM Mutsaerts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lin YS, Weibel J, Landolt HP, Santini F, Slawik H, Borgwardt S, Cajochen C, Reichert CF. Brain activity during a working memory task after daily caffeine intake and caffeine withdrawal: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1002. [PMID: 36653409 PMCID: PMC9849460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute caffeine intake has been found to increase working memory (WM)-related brain activity in healthy adults without improving behavioral performances. The impact of daily caffeine intake-a ritual shared by 80% of the population worldwide-and of its discontinuation on working memory and its neural correlates remained unknown. In this double-blind, randomized, crossover study, we examined working memory functions in 20 young healthy non-smokers (age: 26.4 ± 4.0 years; body mass index: 22.7 ± 1.4 kg/m2; and habitual caffeine intake: 474.1 ± 107.5 mg/day) in a 10-day caffeine (150 mg × 3 times/day), a 10-day placebo (3 times/day), and a withdrawal condition (9-day caffeine followed by 1-day placebo). Throughout the 10th day of each condition, participants performed four times a working memory task (N-Back, comprising 3- and 0-back), and task-related blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity was measured in the last session with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to placebo, participants showed a higher error rate and a longer reaction time in 3- against 0-back trials in the caffeine condition; also, in the withdrawal condition we observed a higher error rate compared to placebo. However, task-related BOLD activity, i.e., an increased attention network and decreased default mode network activity in 3- versus 0-back, did not show significant differences among three conditions. Interestingly, irrespective of 3- or 0-back, BOLD activity was reduced in the right hippocampus in the caffeine condition compared to placebo. Adding to the earlier evidence showing increasing cerebral metabolic demands for WM function after acute caffeine intake, our data suggest that such demands might be impeded over daily intake and therefore result in a worse performance. Finally, the reduced hippocampal activity may reflect caffeine-associated hippocampal grey matter plasticity reported in the previous analysis. The findings of this study reveal an adapted neurocognitive response to daily caffeine exposure and highlight the importance of classifying impacts of caffeine on clinical and healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shiuan Lin
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm-Klein Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland. .,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Neuropsychiatry and Brain Imaging, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Janine Weibel
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm-Klein Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Sleep and Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Santini
- Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helen Slawik
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm-Klein Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinical Sleep Laboratory, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Neuropsychiatry and Brain Imaging, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm-Klein Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland. .,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Carolin Franziska Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm-Klein Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Becker M, Repantis D, Dresler M, Kühn S. Cognitive enhancement: Effects of methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine on latent memory and resting state functional connectivity in healthy adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4225-4238. [PMID: 35670369 PMCID: PMC9435011 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulants like methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine have repeatedly shown to enhance cognitive processes such as attention and memory. However, brain-functional mechanisms underlying such cognitive enhancing effects of stimulants are still poorly characterized. Here, we utilized behavioral and resting-state fMRI data from a double-blind randomized placebocontrolled study of methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine in 48 healthy male adults. The results show that performance in different memory tasks is enhanced, and functional connectivity (FC) specifically between the frontoparietal network (FPN) and default mode network (DMN) is modulated by the stimulants in comparison to placebo. Decreased negative connectivity between right prefrontal and medial parietal but also between medial temporal lobe and visual brain regions predicted stimulant-induced latent memory enhancement. We discuss dopamine's role in attention and memory as well as its ability to modulate FC between large-scale neural networks (e.g., FPN and DMN) as a potential cognitive enhancement mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxi Becker
- Department of PsychologyHumboldt‐University BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Dimitris Repantis
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical Center NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental NeuroscienceMax Planck Institute for Human DevelopmentBerlinGermany
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8
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Sharma K, Fallon SJ, Davis T, Ankrett S, Munro G, Christopher G, Coulthard E. Preliminary evidence that caffeine improves attention in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 64:103924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Kim H, McKinney A, Brooks J, Mashour GA, Lee U, Vlisides PE. Delirium, Caffeine, and Perioperative Cortical Dynamics. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:744054. [PMID: 34987367 PMCID: PMC8722672 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.744054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Delirium is a major public health issue associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly after surgery. While the neurobiology of delirium remains incompletely understood, emerging evidence suggests that cognition requires close proximity to a system state called criticality, which reflects a point of dynamic instability that allows for flexible access to a wide range of brain states. Deviations from criticality are associated with neurocognitive disorders, though the relationship between criticality and delirium has not been formally tested. This study tested the primary hypothesis that delirium in the postanesthesia care unit would be associated with deviations from criticality, based on surrogate electroencephalographic measures. As a secondary objective, the impact of caffeine was also tested on delirium incidence and criticality. To address these aims, we conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial that tested the effects of intraoperative caffeine on postoperative recovery in adults undergoing major surgery. In this substudy, whole-scalp (16-channel) electroencephalographic data were analyzed from a subset of trial participants (n = 55) to determine whether surrogate measures of neural criticality – (1) autocorrelation function of global alpha oscillations and (2) topography of phase relationships via phase lag entropy – were associated with delirium. These measures were analyzed in participants experiencing delirium in the postanesthesia care unit (compared to those without delirium) and in participants randomized to caffeine compared to placebo. Results demonstrated that autocorrelation function in the alpha band was significantly reduced in delirious participants, which is important given that alpha rhythms are postulated to play a vital role in consciousness. Moreover, participants randomized to caffeine demonstrated increased alpha autocorrelation function concurrent with reduced delirium incidence. Lastly, the anterior-posterior topography of phase relationships appeared most preserved in non-delirious participants and in those receiving caffeine. These data suggest that early postoperative delirium may reflect deviations from neural criticality, and caffeine may reduce delirium risk by shifting cortical dynamics toward criticality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungkyu Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amy McKinney
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Joseph Brooks
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - George A Mashour
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - UnCheol Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Phillip E Vlisides
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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10
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Caffeine and attentional control: improved and impaired performance in healthy older adults and Parkinson's disease according to task demands. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:605-619. [PMID: 35006304 PMCID: PMC8799544 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caffeine is frequently consumed to boost goal-directed attention. These procognitive effects may occur due to the adenosine-mediated enhancement of monoamines, such as dopamine, after caffeine administration. As such, caffeine's beneficial effects may be altered in conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether caffeine improves cognition, and at what cost, has not been experimentally established in patients with neurodegenerative disease. METHODS Single-dose trials to probe cognitive effects of caffeine are often confounded by short-term caffeine abstinence which conflates caffeine's effects with treatment of withdrawal. Using a placebo controlled, blinded, randomised trial design, we assessed the effect of 100 mg of caffeine across well-established tasks (Choice reaction time, Stroop Task and Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task; RSVP) that probe different aspects of attention in PD patients (n = 24) and controls (n = 44). Critically, participants withdrew from caffeine for a week prior to testing to eliminate the possibility that withdrawal reversal explained any cognitive benefit. RESULTS Caffeine administration was found to reduce the overall number of errors in patients and controls on the Stroop (p = .018, η2p = .086) and Choice reaction time (p < . 0001, η2p = .588) tasks, but there was no specific effect of caffeine on ignoring irrelevant information in the Stroop task. On the RSVP task, caffeine improved dual item accuracy (p = .037) but impaired single item accuracy (p = .044). Across all tasks, there was little evidence that caffeine has different effects in PD participants and controls. CONCLUSION When removing withdrawal effects as a factor, we demonstrate caffeine has beneficial effects on selective attention but is a double-edge sword for visual temporal attention and would need careful targeting to be clinically useful.
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11
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Magalhães R, Picó-Pérez M, Esteves M, Vieira R, Castanho TC, Amorim L, Sousa M, Coelho A, Fernandes HM, Cabral J, Moreira PS, Sousa N. Habitual coffee drinkers display a distinct pattern of brain functional connectivity. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6589-6598. [PMID: 33875801 PMCID: PMC8760045 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Coffee is the most widely consumed source of caffeine worldwide, partly due to the psychoactive effects of this methylxanthine. Interestingly, the effects of its chronic consumption on the brain's intrinsic functional networks are still largely unknown. This study provides the first extended characterization of the effects of chronic coffee consumption on human brain networks. Subjects were recruited and divided into two groups: habitual coffee drinkers (CD) and non-coffee drinkers (NCD). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was acquired in these volunteers who were also assessed regarding stress, anxiety, and depression scores. In the neuroimaging evaluation, the CD group showed decreased functional connectivity in the somatosensory and limbic networks during resting state as assessed with independent component analysis. The CD group also showed decreased functional connectivity in a network comprising subcortical and posterior brain regions associated with somatosensory, motor, and emotional processing as assessed with network-based statistics; moreover, CD displayed longer lifetime of a functional network involving subcortical regions, the visual network and the cerebellum. Importantly, all these differences were dependent on the frequency of caffeine consumption, and were reproduced after NCD drank coffee. CD showed higher stress levels than NCD, and although no other group effects were observed in this psychological assessment, increased frequency of caffeine consumption was also associated with increased anxiety in males. In conclusion, higher consumption of coffee and caffeinated products has an impact in brain functional connectivity at rest with implications in emotionality, alertness, and readiness to action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Madalena Esteves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rita Vieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa C Castanho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Liliana Amorim
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Coelho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Henrique M Fernandes
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joana Cabral
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pedro S Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.
- P5 Medical Center, Braga, Portugal.
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12
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Adam LC, Repantis D, Konrad BN, Dresler M, Kühn S. Memory enhancement with stimulants: Differential neural effects of methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine. A pilot study. Brain Cogn 2021; 154:105802. [PMID: 34592684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human memory is susceptible to manipulation in many respects. While consolidation is well known to be prone to disruption, there is also growing evidence for the enhancement of memory function. Beside cognitive strategies and mnemonic training, the use of stimulants may improve memory processing in healthy adults. In this single-dose, double-blind, within-subject, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study, 20 mg methylphenidate (N = 13) or 200 mg modafinil (N = 12) or 200 mg caffeine (N = 14) were administrated to in total 39 healthy participants while performing a declarative memory task. Each participant received only one substance and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess drug-dependent memory effects of the substance for encoding and recognition compared to task-related activation under placebo. While methylphenidate showed some behavioral effect regarding memory recall performance, on the neural level, methylphenidate-dependent deactivations were found in fronto-parietal and temporal regions during recognition of previously learned words. No BOLD alterations were seen during encoding. Caffeine led to deactivations in the precentral gyrus during encoding whereas modafinil did not show any BOLD signal alterations at all. These results should be interpreted with caution since this a pilot study with several limitations, most importantly the small number of participants per group. However, our main finding of task-related deactivations may point to a drug-dependent increase of efficiency in physiological response to memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Adam
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimitris Repantis
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Boris N Konrad
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Kühn
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Zhang RC, Madan CR. How does caffeine influence memory? Drug, experimental, and demographic factors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:525-538. [PMID: 34563564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a widely used nootropic drug, but its effects on memory in healthy participants have not been sufficiently evaluated. Here we review evidence of the effects of caffeine on different types of memory, and the associated drug, experimental, and demographical factors. There is limited evidence that caffeine affects performance in memory tasks beyond improved reaction times. For drug factors, a dose-response relationship may exist but findings are inconsistent. Moreover, there is evidence that the source of caffeine can modulate its effects on memory. For experimental factors, past studies often lacked a baseline control for diet and sleep and none discussed the possible reversal of withdrawal effect due to pre-experimental fasting. For demographic factors, caffeine may interact with sex and age, and the direction of the effect may depend on the dose, individual tolerance, and metabolism at baseline. Future studies should incorporate these considerations, as well as providing continued evidence on the effect of caffeine in visuospatial, prospective, and implicit memory measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Chong Zhang
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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14
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Abstract
The purine alkaloid caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant drug in the world and has multiple beneficial pharmacological activities, for example, in neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite being an extensively studied bioactive natural product, the mechanistic understanding of caffeine's pharmacological effects is incomplete. While several molecular targets of caffeine such as adenosine receptors and phosphodiesterases have been known for decades and inspired numerous medicinal chemistry programs, new protein interactions of the xanthine are continuously discovered providing potentially improved pharmacological understanding and a molecular basis for future medicinal chemistry. In this Perspective, we gather knowledge on the confirmed protein interactions, structure activity relationship, and chemical biology of caffeine on well-known and upcoming targets. The diversity of caffeine's molecular activities on receptors and enzymes, many of which are abundant in the CNS, indicates a complex interplay of several mechanisms contributing to neuroprotective effects and highlights new targets as attractive subjects for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Faudone
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silvia Arifi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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15
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Berg J, Cooper J, Salonikas C, Seyedsadjadi N, Grant R. Acute caffeine intake in humans reduces post exercise performance in learning and memory. Hum Psychopharmacol 2021; 36:e2775. [PMID: 33492703 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the acute effect of caffeine on postexercise memory and learning performance. METHODS Eight male slow-to-normal caffeine metabolizers, unhabituated to caffeine, were recruited into this randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, cross over study. Caffeine (150 mg) or the placebo was consumed one hour prior to two 30 min submaximal cycling sessions. Blood was collected at the beginning, after 20 and 35 min of exercise and 30 min postexercise. Mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and proBDNF concentrations were determined. Auditory memory was assessed immediately, 30 min and 24 h postexercise. RESULTS Participants averaged lower scores in every measure of learning and memory after ingesting caffeine compared to the placebo. Although the mean did not differ significantly for all measures, significant differences were found between the caffeine and placebo groups for the three indices; learning over time, short-term index and retroactive interference. The ratio of serum mBDNF:proBDNF increased with exercise across all time points. No significant difference in the mBDNF:proBDNF ratio was observed between treatment groups. CONCLUSION The consumption of caffeine prior to exercise may impair an unhabituated individual's capacity to learn and recall auditory information postexercise. However it is yet to be elucidated whether this is through caffeine's modulating effects on brain BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Berg
- The Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jesse Cooper
- The Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Salonikas
- The Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neda Seyedsadjadi
- The Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- The Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Delli Pizzi S, Granzotto A, Bomba M, Frazzini V, Onofrj M, Sensi SL. Acting Before; A Combined Strategy to Counteract the Onset and Progression of Dementia. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:790-804. [PMID: 33272186 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201203085524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging and aging-related neurodegenerative disorders are posing a significant challenge for health systems worldwide. To date, most of the therapeutic efforts aimed at counteracting dementiarelated behavioral and cognitive impairment have been focused on addressing putative determinants of the disease, such as β-amyloid or tau. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to pharmacological interventions aimed at restoring or promoting the synaptic plasticity of the aging brain. The review will explore and discuss the most recent molecular, structural/functional, and behavioral evidence that supports the use of non-pharmacological approaches as well as cognitive-enhancing drugs to counteract brain aging and early-stage dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Delli Pizzi
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Alberto Granzotto
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Manuela Bomba
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Valerio Frazzini
- AP-HP, Epilepsy Unit, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital and Brain and Spine Institute (INSERM UMRS1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universite), Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
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17
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Wilcox CE, Adinoff B, Clifford J, Ling J, Witkiewitz K, Mayer AR, Boggs KM, Eck M, Bogenschutz M. Brain activation and subjective anxiety during an anticipatory anxiety task is related to clinical outcome during prazosin treatment for alcohol use disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 26:102162. [PMID: 32037283 PMCID: PMC7229347 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher levels of anxiety, negative affect, and impaired emotion regulation are associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and contribute to relapse and worse treatment outcomes. Prazosin, while typically used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders, has shown promise for treating AUD. In order to better understand these underlying neural processes in individuals with AUD, our aims in this study were to measure brain activation during an anticipatory anxiety task before treatment to determine whether observed patterns supported previous work. We then aimed to measure the effects of prazosin on patients with AUD and explore whether greater baseline anticipatory anxiety (as measured by subjective and neural measures) predicts better treatment outcomes. METHODS Thirty-four individuals seeking treatment for AUD participated in a six-week placebo-controlled study of prazosin and underwent an anticipatory anxiety task during fMRI scans at baseline and three weeks. Alcohol use over six weeks was measured. RESULTS Greater levels of subjective anxiety and deactivation in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) were observed during high-threat stimuli compared to low-threat stimuli. Compared to placebo, prazosin reduced subjective anxiety to high-threat stimuli but there were no observed significant effects of prazosin on brain activation during the task. However, AUD patients with greater vmPFC deactivation during high threat relative to low threat and patients with low baseline anticipatory anxiety during the task had worse clinical outcomes on prazosin. CONCLUSIONS Deactivation in PCC and vmPFC to high-threat stimuli replicated previous work and shows promise for further study as a marker for AUD. Although prazosin did not affect brain activation in the regions of interest during the anticipatory anxiety task, subjective levels of anxiety and brain activation in vmPFC predicted treatment outcomes in individuals with AUD undergoing treatment with prazosin, highlighting individuals more likely to benefit from prazosin than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Wilcox
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Bryon Adinoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA; VA North Texas Health Care System, 4500 S Lancaster Rd, Dallas, TX 75216, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 13001 E 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joshua Clifford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, 2400 Tucker NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Josef Ling
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse & Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Kylar M Boggs
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Matthew Eck
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; University of Southern California, USA
| | - Michael Bogenschutz
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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18
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van Son D, Schalbroeck R, Angelidis A, van der Wee NJA, van der Does W, Putman P. Acute effects of caffeine on threat-selective attention: moderation by anxiety and EEG theta/beta ratio. Biol Psychol 2018; 136:100-110. [PMID: 29792908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous EEG theta/beta ratio (TBR) probably marks prefrontal cortical (PFC) executive control, and its regulation of attentional threat-bias. Caffeine at moderate doses may strengthen executive control through increased PFC catecholamine action, dependent on basal PFC function. GOAL To test if caffeine affects threat-bias, moderated by baseline frontal TBR and trait-anxiety. METHODS A pictorial emotional Stroop task was used to assess threat-bias in forty female participants in a cross-over, double-blind study after placebo and 200 mg caffeine. RESULTS At baseline and after placebo, comparable relations were observed for negative pictures: high TBR was related to low threat-bias in low trait-anxious people. Caffeine had opposite effects on threat-bias in low trait-anxious people with low and high TBR. CONCLUSIONS This further supports TBR as a marker of executive control and highlights the importance of taking baseline executive function into consideration when studying effects of caffeine on executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana van Son
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Rik Schalbroeck
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angelos Angelidis
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willem van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Putman
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Oeltzschner G, Zöllner HJ, Jonuscheit M, Lanzman RS, Schnitzler A, Wittsack HJ. J-difference-edited MRS measures of γ-aminobutyric acid before and after acute caffeine administration. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2356-2365. [PMID: 29752742 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate potential effects of acute caffeine intake on J-difference-edited MRS measures of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). METHODS J-difference-edited Mescher-Garwood PRESS (MEGA-PRESS) and conventional PRESS data were acquired at 3T from voxels in the anterior cingulate and occipital area of the brain in 15 healthy subjects, before and after oral intake of a 200-mg caffeine dose. MEGA-PRESS data were analyzed with the MATLAB-based Gannet tool to estimate GABA+ macromolecule (GABA+) levels, while PRESS data were analyzed with LCModel to estimate levels of glutamate, glutamate+glutamine, N-acetylaspartate, and myo-inositol. All metabolites were quantified with respect to the internal reference compounds creatine and tissue water, and compared between the pre- and post-caffeine intake condition. RESULTS For both MRS voxels, mean GABA+ estimates did not differ before and after caffeine intake. Slightly lower estimates of myo-inositol were observed after caffeine intake in both voxels. N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, and glutamate+glutamine did not show significant differences between conditions. CONCLUSION Mean GABA+ estimates from J-difference-edited MRS in two different brain regions are not altered by acute oral administration of caffeine. These findings may increase subject recruitment efficiency for MRS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Institute for Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Jonuscheit
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rotem S Lanzman
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Institute for Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Wittsack
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Chai WJ, Abd Hamid AI, Abdullah JM. Working Memory From the Psychological and Neurosciences Perspectives: A Review. Front Psychol 2018; 9:401. [PMID: 29636715 PMCID: PMC5881171 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the concept of working memory was introduced over 50 years ago, different schools of thought have offered different definitions for working memory based on the various cognitive domains that it encompasses. The general consensus regarding working memory supports the idea that working memory is extensively involved in goal-directed behaviors in which information must be retained and manipulated to ensure successful task execution. Before the emergence of other competing models, the concept of working memory was described by the multicomponent working memory model proposed by Baddeley and Hitch. In the present article, the authors provide an overview of several working memory-relevant studies in order to harmonize the findings of working memory from the neurosciences and psychological standpoints, especially after citing evidence from past studies of healthy, aging, diseased, and/or lesioned brains. In particular, the theoretical framework behind working memory, in which the related domains that are considered to play a part in different frameworks (such as memory’s capacity limit and temporary storage) are presented and discussed. From the neuroscience perspective, it has been established that working memory activates the fronto-parietal brain regions, including the prefrontal, cingulate, and parietal cortices. Recent studies have subsequently implicated the roles of subcortical regions (such as the midbrain and cerebellum) in working memory. Aging also appears to have modulatory effects on working memory; age interactions with emotion, caffeine and hormones appear to affect working memory performances at the neurobiological level. Moreover, working memory deficits are apparent in older individuals, who are susceptible to cognitive deterioration. Another younger population with working memory impairment consists of those with mental, developmental, and/or neurological disorders such as major depressive disorder and others. A less coherent and organized neural pattern has been consistently reported in these disadvantaged groups. Working memory of patients with traumatic brain injury was similarly affected and shown to have unusual neural activity (hyper- or hypoactivation) as a general observation. Decoding the underlying neural mechanisms of working memory helps support the current theoretical understandings concerning working memory, and at the same time provides insights into rehabilitation programs that target working memory impairments from neurophysiological or psychological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jia Chai
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Impact of Coffee and Cacao Purine Metabolites on Neuroplasticity and Neurodegenerative Disease. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:214-227. [PMID: 29417473 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that regular consumption of coffee, tea and dark chocolate (cacao) can promote brain health and may reduce the risk of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. However, the complex array of phytochemicals in coffee and cacao beans and tea leaves has hindered a clear understanding of the component(s) that affect neuronal plasticity and resilience. One class of phytochemicals present in relatively high amounts in coffee, tea and cacao are methylxanthines. Among such methylxanthines, caffeine has been the most widely studied and has clear effects on neuronal network activity, promotes sustained cognitive performance and can protect neurons against dysfunction and death in animal models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Caffeine's mechanism of action relies on antagonism of various subclasses of adenosine receptors. Downstream xanthine metabolites, such as theobromine and theophylline, may also contribute to the beneficial effects of coffee, tea and cacao on brain health.
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Emmert K, Breimhorst M, Bauermann T, Birklein F, Rebhorn C, Van De Ville D, Haller S. Active pain coping is associated with the response in real-time fMRI neurofeedback during pain. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 11:712-721. [PMID: 27071949 PMCID: PMC5486591 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback is used as a tool to gain voluntary control of activity in various brain regions. Little emphasis has been put on the influence of cognitive and personality traits on neurofeedback efficacy and baseline activity. Here, we assessed the effect of individual pain coping on rt-fMRI neurofeedback during heat-induced pain. Twenty-eight healthy subjects completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) prior to scanning. The first part of the fMRI experiment identified target regions using painful heat stimulation. Then, subjects were asked to down-regulate the pain target brain region during four neurofeedback runs with painful heat stimulation. Functional MRI analysis included correlation analysis between fMRI activation and pain ratings as well as CSQ ratings. At the behavioral level, the active pain coping (first principal component of CSQ) was correlated with pain ratings during neurofeedback. Concerning neuroimaging, pain sensitive regions were negatively correlated with pain coping. During neurofeedback, the pain coping was positively correlated with activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and visual cortex. Thermode temperature was negatively correlated with anterior insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation. In conclusion, self-reported pain coping mechanisms and pain sensitivity are a source of variance during rt-fMRI neurofeedback possibly explaining variations in regulation success. In particular, active coping seems to be associated with successful pain regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Emmert
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, CIBM, University Hospital Geneva, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Breimhorst
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Bauermann
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Birklein
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cora Rebhorn
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, CIBM, University Hospital Geneva, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Haller
- Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge CDRC, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Liu QS, Deng R, Fan Y, Li K, Meng F, Li X, Liu R. Low dose of caffeine enhances the efficacy of antidepressants in major depressive disorder and the underlying neural substrates. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28054436 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shan Liu
- Center for Translational Neuroscience & China Minority Medicine and Nutrition; Minzu University of China; Beijing China
| | - Ran Deng
- Center for Translational Neuroscience & China Minority Medicine and Nutrition; Minzu University of China; Beijing China
| | - Yuyan Fan
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute & Pain Department; Beijing Tiantan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Keqin Li
- Center for Translational Neuroscience & China Minority Medicine and Nutrition; Minzu University of China; Beijing China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute & Pain Department; Beijing Tiantan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Xueli Li
- Experimental Center for Medicine; China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Lab of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
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Haller S, Montandon ML, Rodriguez C, Moser D, Toma S, Hofmeister J, Giannakopoulos P. Caffeine impact on working memory-related network activation patterns in early stages of cognitive decline. Neuroradiology 2017; 59:387-395. [PMID: 28289811 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent evidence indicates that caffeine may have a beneficial effect on cognitive decline and dementia. The current investigation assessed the effect of acute caffeine administration on working memory during the earliest stage of cognitive decline in elderly participants. METHODS The study includes consecutive 45 elderly controls and 18 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, 71.6 ± 4.7 years, 7 females). During neuropsychological follow-up at 18 months, 24 controls remained stable (sCON, 70.0 ± 4.3 years, 11 women), while the remaining 21 showed subtle cognitive deterioration (dCON, 73.4 ± 5.9 years, 14 women). All participants underwent an established 2-back working task in a crossover design of 200 mg caffeine versus placebo. Data analysis included task-related general linear model and functional connectivity tensorial independent component analysis. RESULTS Working memory behavioral performances did not differ between sCON and dCON, while MCI was slower and less accurate than both control groups (p < 0.05). The dCON group had a less pronounced effect of acute caffeine administration essentially restricted to the right hemisphere (p < 0.05 corrected) and reduced default mode network (DMN) deactivation compared to sCON (p < 0.01 corrected). CONCLUSION dCON cases are characterized by decreased sensitivity to caffeine effects on brain activation and DMN deactivation. These complex fMRI patterns possibly reflect the instable status of these cases with intact behavioral performances despite already existing functional alterations in neocortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Haller
- Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge CDRC, Clos de la Fonderie 1, 1277 Carouge, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Marie-Louise Montandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Direction, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristelle Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Direction, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Moser
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Direction, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simona Toma
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Direction, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Hofmeister
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Direction, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Panteleimon Giannakopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Direction, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Franke AG, Gränsmark P, Agricola A, Schühle K, Rommel T, Sebastian A, Balló HE, Gorbulev S, Gerdes C, Frank B, Ruckes C, Tüscher O, Lieb K. Methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine for cognitive enhancement in chess: A double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:248-260. [PMID: 28119083 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stimulants and caffeine have been proposed for cognitive enhancement by healthy subjects. This study investigated whether performance in chess - a competitive mind game requiring highly complex cognitive skills - can be enhanced by methylphenidate, modafinil or caffeine. In a phase IV, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 39 male chess players received 2×200mg modafinil, 2×20mg methylphenidate, and 2×200mg caffeine or placebo in a 4×4 crossover design. They played twenty 15-minute games during two sessions against a chess program (Fritz 12; adapted to players' strength) and completed several neuropsychological tests. Marked substance effects were observed since all three substances significantly increased average reflection time per game compared to placebo resulting in a significantly increased number of games lost on time with all three treatments. Treatment effects on chess performance were not seen if all games (n=3059) were analysed. Only when controlling for game duration as well as when excluding those games lost on time, both modafinil and methylphenidate enhanced chess performance as demonstrated by significantly higher scores in the remaining 2876 games compared to placebo. In conjunction with results from neuropsychological testing we conclude that modifying effects of stimulants on complex cognitive tasks may in particular result from more reflective decision making processes. When not under time pressure, such effects may result in enhanced performance. Yet, under time constraints more reflective decision making may not improve or even have detrimental effects on complex task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas G Franke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany; University of Neubrandenburg, University of Applied Sciences, Department of Social Work and Education, Brodaer Str. 2, 17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany.
| | - Patrik Gränsmark
- SOFI, Stockholm University, Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, SE - 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Alexandra Agricola
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Kai Schühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thilo Rommel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany; Department of Psychology, Section for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Wallstr. 3, 55122 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Sebastian
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Harald E Balló
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany; Internistisch-onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Marktplatz 11, 63065 Offenbach am Main, Germany.
| | - Stanislav Gorbulev
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christer Gerdes
- SOFI, Stockholm University, Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, SE - 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Björn Frank
- University of Kassel, Department of Economics, Nora-Platiel-Str. 4, 34127 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Christian Ruckes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Libro R, Giacoppo S, Soundara Rajan T, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Natural Phytochemicals in the Treatment and Prevention of Dementia: An Overview. Molecules 2016; 21:518. [PMID: 27110749 PMCID: PMC6274085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The word dementia describes a class of heterogeneous diseases which etiopathogenetic mechanisms are not well understood. There are different types of dementia, among which, Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the more common. Currently approved pharmacological treatments for most forms of dementia seem to act only on symptoms without having profound disease-modifying effects. Thus, alternative strategies capable of preventing the progressive loss of specific neuronal populations are urgently required. In particular, the attention of researchers has been focused on phytochemical compounds that have shown antioxidative, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties and that could represent important resources in the discovery of drug candidates against dementia. In this review, we summarize the neuroprotective effects of the main phytochemicals belonging to the polyphenol, isothiocyanate, alkaloid and cannabinoid families in the prevention and treatment of the most common kinds of dementia. We believe that natural phytochemicals may represent a promising sources of alternative medicine, at least in association with therapies approved to date for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaliana Libro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Giacoppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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Sleep-Wake Regulation and Its Impact on Working Memory Performance: The Role of Adenosine. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5010011. [PMID: 26861410 PMCID: PMC4810168 DOI: 10.3390/biology5010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle is regulated by a fine-tuned interplay between sleep-homeostatic and circadian mechanisms. Compelling evidence suggests that adenosine plays an important role in mediating the increase of homeostatic sleep pressure during time spent awake and its decrease during sleep. Here, we summarize evidence that adenosinergic mechanisms regulate not only the dynamic of sleep pressure, but are also implicated in the interaction of homeostatic and circadian processes. We review how this interaction becomes evident at several levels, including electrophysiological data, neuroimaging studies and behavioral observations. Regarding complex human behavior, we particularly focus on sleep-wake regulatory influences on working memory performance and underlying brain activity, with a specific emphasis on the role of adenosine in this interplay. We conclude that a change in adenosinergic mechanisms, whether exogenous or endogenous, does not only impact on sleep-homeostatic processes, but also interferes with the circadian timing system.
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Lanini J, Galduróz JCF, Pompéia S. Acute personalized habitual caffeine doses improve attention and have selective effects when considering the fractionation of executive functions. Hum Psychopharmacol 2016; 31:29-43. [PMID: 26621326 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is widely used, often consumed with food, and improves simple and complex/executive attention under fasting conditions. We investigated whether these cognitive effects are observed when personalized habitual doses of caffeine are ingested by caffeine consumers, whether they are influenced by nutriments and if various executive domains are susceptible to improvement. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study including 60 young, healthy, rested males randomly assigned to one of four treatments: placebo fasting, caffeine fasting, placebo meal and caffeine meal. Caffeine doses were individualized for each participant based on their self-reported caffeine consumption at the time of testing (morning). The test battery included measures of simple and sustained attention, executive domains (inhibiting, updating, shifting, dual tasking, planning and accessing long-term memory), control measures of subjective alterations, glucose and insulin levels, skin conductance, heart rate and pupil dilation. Regardless of meal intake, acute habitual doses of caffeine decreased fatigue, and improved simple and sustained attention and executive updating. This executive effect was not secondary to the habitual weekly dose consumed, changes in simple and sustained attention, mood, meal ingestion and increases in cognitive effort. We conclude that the morning caffeine "fix" has positive attentional effects and selectively improved executive updating whether or not caffeine is consumed with food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Lanini
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sabine Pompéia
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Emmert K, Breimhorst M, Bauermann T, Birklein F, Van De Ville D, Haller S. Comparison of anterior cingulate vs. insular cortex as targets for real-time fMRI regulation during pain stimulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:350. [PMID: 25346666 PMCID: PMC4191436 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback allows learning voluntary control over specific brain areas by means of operant conditioning and has been shown to decrease pain perception. To further increase the effect of rt-fMRI neurofeedback on pain, we directly compared two different target regions of the pain network, notably the anterior insular cortex (AIC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Participants for this prospective study were randomly assigned to two age-matched groups of 14 participants each (7 females per group) for AIC and ACC feedback. First, a functional localizer using block-design heat pain stimulation was performed to define the pain-sensitive target region within the AIC or ACC. Second, subjects were asked to down-regulate the BOLD activation in four neurofeedback runs during identical pain stimulation. Data analysis included task-related and functional connectivity analysis. At the behavioral level, pain ratings significantly decreased during feedback vs. localizer runs, but there was no difference between AIC and ACC groups. Concerning neuroimaging, ACC and AIC showed consistent involvement of the caudate nucleus for subjects that learned down-regulation (17/28) in both task-related and functional connectivity analysis. The functional connectivity toward the caudate nucleus is stronger for the ACC while the AIC is more heavily connected to the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Consequently, the ACC and AIC are suitable targets for real-time fMRI neurofeedback during pain perception as they both affect the caudate nucleus, although functional connectivity indicates that the direct connection seems to be stronger with the ACC. Additionally, the caudate, an important area involved in pain perception and suppression, could be a good rt-fMRI target itself. Future studies are needed to identify parameters characterizing successful regulators and to assess the effect of repeated rt-fMRI neurofeedback on pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Emmert
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus Breimhorst
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Bauermann
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Birklein
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Haller
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
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30
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Jahng GH, Li KL, Ostergaard L, Calamante F. Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: a comprehensive update on principles and techniques. Korean J Radiol 2014; 15:554-77. [PMID: 25246817 PMCID: PMC4170157 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2014.15.5.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfusion is a fundamental biological function that refers to the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissue by means of blood flow. Perfusion MRI is sensitive to microvasculature and has been applied in a wide variety of clinical applications, including the classification of tumors, identification of stroke regions, and characterization of other diseases. Perfusion MRI techniques are classified with or without using an exogenous contrast agent. Bolus methods, with injections of a contrast agent, provide better sensitivity with higher spatial resolution, and are therefore more widely used in clinical applications. However, arterial spin-labeling methods provide a unique opportunity to measure cerebral blood flow without requiring an exogenous contrast agent and have better accuracy for quantification. Importantly, MRI-based perfusion measurements are minimally invasive overall, and do not use any radiation and radioisotopes. In this review, we describe the principles and techniques of perfusion MRI. This review summarizes comprehensive updated knowledge on the physical principles and techniques of perfusion MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 134-727, Korea
| | - Ka-Loh Li
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Center, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Leif Ostergaard
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Fernando Calamante
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
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Bruce SE, Werner KB, Preston BF, Baker LM. Improvements in concentration, working memory and sustained attention following consumption of a natural citicoline-caffeine beverage. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:1003-7. [PMID: 25046515 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.940286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the neurocognitive and electrophysiological effects of a citicoline-caffeine-based beverage in 60 healthy adult participants enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Measures of electrical brain activity using electroencephalogram (EEG) and neuropsychological measures examining attention, concentration and reaction time were administered. Compared to placebo, participants receiving the citicoline-caffeine beverage exhibited significantly faster maze learning times and reaction times on a continuous performance test, fewer errors in a go/no-go task and better accuracy on a measure of information processing speed. EEG results examining P450 event-related potentials revealed that participants receiving the citicoline-caffeine beverage exhibited higher P450 amplitudes than controls, suggesting an increase in sustained attention. Overall, these findings suggest that the beverage significantly improved sustained attention, cognitive effort and reaction times in healthy adults. Evidence of improved P450 amplitude indicates a general improvement in the ability to accommodate new and relevant information within working memory and overall enhanced brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-St. Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA
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Rial D, Lara DR, Cunha RA. The Adenosine Neuromodulation System in Schizophrenia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 119:395-449. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Selected Literature Watch. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2013.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Franco R, Oñatibia-Astibia A, Martínez-Pinilla E. Health benefits of methylxanthines in cacao and chocolate. Nutrients 2013; 5:4159-73. [PMID: 24145871 PMCID: PMC3820066 DOI: 10.3390/nu5104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One may wonder why methylxanthines are so abundant in beverages used by humans for centuries, or in cola-drinks that have been heavily consumed since their appearance. It is likely that humans have stuck to any brew containing compounds with psychoactive properties, resulting in a better daily life, i.e., more efficient thinking, exploring, hunting, etc., however, without the serious side effects of drugs of abuse. The physiological effects of methylxanthines have been known for a long time and they are mainly mediated by the so-called adenosine receptors. Caffeine and theobromine are the most abundant methylxanthines in cacao and their physiological effects are notable. Their health-promoting benefits are so remarkable that chocolate is explored as a functional food. The consequences of adenosine receptor blockade by natural compounds present in cacao/chocolate are here reviewed. Palatability and health benefits of methylxanthines, in general, and theobromine, in particular, have further contributed to sustain one of the most innocuous and pleasant habits: chocolate consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Cell and Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra University, Pamplona 31008, Spain; E-Mails: (A.O.); (E.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Oñatibia-Astibia
- Cell and Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra University, Pamplona 31008, Spain; E-Mails: (A.O.); (E.M.)
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Cell and Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra University, Pamplona 31008, Spain; E-Mails: (A.O.); (E.M.)
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