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Shankar A, Sharma A, Buch C, Chilton RJ. The evolving role of GLP-1 agonists in ischemic stroke prevention in diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2024; 13:e00308. [PMID: 39148946 PMCID: PMC11326472 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Shankar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chirag Buch
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert J Chilton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Dave BP, Chorawala MR, Shah IV, Shah NN, Bhagat SU, Prajapati BG, Thakkar PC. From diabetes to diverse domains: the multifaceted roles of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:835. [PMID: 39042283 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) emerged as a primary treatment for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), however, their multifaceted effects on various target organs beyond glycemic control opened a new era of treatment. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library to identify clinical, in-vivo, and in-vitro studies focusing on the diverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Eligible studies were selected based on their relevance to the varied roles of GLP-1RAs in T2DM management and their impact on other physiological functions. Numerous studies have reported the efficacy of GLP-1RAs in improving outcomes in T2DM, with demonstrated benefits including glucose-dependent insulinotropic actions, modulation of insulin signaling pathways, and reductions in glycemic excursions. Additionally, GLP-1 receptors are expressed in various tissues and organs, suggesting their widespread physiological functions beyond glycemic control potentially include neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and metabolic benefits. However, further scientific studies are still underway to maximize the benefits of GLP-1RAs and to discover additional roles in improving health benefits. This article sought to review not only the actions of GLP1RAs in the treatment of T2DM but also explore its effects on potential targets in other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavarth P Dave
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Ishika V Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Nidhi N Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Shivam U Bhagat
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Pratik C Thakkar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Manaaki Mānawa - The Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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Huang B, Libman R, Ballout A, DiUbaldi G, Arora R, Katz JM. A bibliometric analysis of tenecteplase research utilizing a commonly used citation index. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 237:108170. [PMID: 38354425 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tenecteplase is increasingly being used as a first-line treatment for acute ischemic stroke after several randomized studies demonstrated its safety and efficacy, resulting in a massive increase in the number of published studies on this topic. Our aim was to investigate the most impactful authors and relevant journals that have been instrumental in validating this treatment, in hopes of identifying objective research trends that may assist scientists, health organizations, and funding agencies to collaborate and plan future avenues of research. METHODS Using the search terms "Tenecteplase" and "Tenecteplase" AND "Stroke," 2683 and 1150 references were queried, respectively, using the abstract and citation database, Scopus. Scopus Citation Analysis was used to categorize the countries and authors who produced the most research. Metadata was retrieved and transferred to bibliographic visualization software, VOSviewer, for co-authorship and co-occurrence analyses to identify trends in tenecteplase research. RESULTS Data visualization software identified three tenecteplase research clusters - myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and acute ischemic stroke. Our bibliographic analysis graphically identified that ischemic stroke currently leads both myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism in annual publications pertaining to tenecteplase therapy, and further pinpointed perfusion imaging and wake-up strokes as the most relevant areas of study. The United States led all countries in tenecteplase publications, including exclusively stroke studies. The European Heart Journal led all journals in overall publications, while Stroke led all journals in stroke-related studies. CONCLUSIONS Through the use of bibliographic analysis and data visualization, we identified major articles and journals that reflected and shaped the current landscape of tenecteplase; recognized authors who engaged in tenecteplase research as it progressed from cardiopulmonary disease to stroke; and postulated future avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Richard Libman
- Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ahmad Ballout
- Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Rohan Arora
- Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Katz
- Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Alafifi SA, Wahdan SA, Elhemiely AA, Elsherbiny DA, Azab SS. Modulatory effect of liraglutide on doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity and behavioral abnormalities in rats: role of testicular-brain axis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2987-3005. [PMID: 37162541 PMCID: PMC10567954 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful chemotherapeutic agent used in many types of malignancies. However, its use results in testicular damage. DOX-induced testicular damage results in low level of serum testosterone which may affect cognitive function. The current study investigated the protective effect of liraglutide (50, 100 μg/kg/day) in testicular toxicity and the consequent cognitive impairment induced by DOX. DOX treatment reduced sperm count (62%) and sperm motility (53%) and increased sperm abnormalities (786%), as compared to control group. DOX also reduced serum testosterone level (85%) and the gene expression of testicular 3β-HSD (68%) and 17β-HSD (82%). Moreover, it increased testicular oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) by 103% and 59%, respectively, apoptotic (caspase-3 and P53) by 996% and 480%, respectively. In addition, DOX resulted in increasing autophagic markers including PAKT, mTOR, and LC3 by 48%, 56%, and 640%, respectively. Additionally, rats' behavior in Y-maze (60%) and passive avoidance task (85%) was disrupted. The histopathological results of testis and brain supported the biochemical findings. Treatment with liraglutide (100 μg/kg/day) significantly abrogated DOX-induced testicular damage by restoring testicular architecture, increasing sperm count (136%) and sperm motility (106%), and decreasing sperm abnormalities (84%) as compared to DOX group. Furthermore, liraglutide increased serum testosterone (500%) and steroidogenesis enzymes 3β-HSD (105%) and 17β-HSD (181%) along with suppressing oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) by 23% and 85%, respectively; apoptotic (caspase-3 and P53) by 59% and55%, respectively; and autophagic markers including PAKT, mTOR, and LC3 by 48%, 97%, and 60%, respectively. Moreover, it enhanced the memory functions in passive avoidance and Y-maze tests (132%). In conclusion, liraglutide is a putative agent for protection against DOX-induced testicular toxicity and cognitive impairment through its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antiautophagic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk A Alafifi
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Sara A Wahdan
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa A Elsherbiny
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Samar S Azab
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Wang Z, Cui X, Yan W, Liu N, Shang J, Yi X, Guo T, Wei X, Sun Y, Hu H, Ma W, Cui W, Chen L. Mollugin activates GLP-1R to improve cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. Life Sci 2023; 331:122026. [PMID: 37607641 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The incidence of diabetic cognitive dysfunction is increasing year by year, and it has gradually become a research hot spot. Studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists can improve cognitive dysfunction in diabetic patients. This study focuses on whether small molecule GLP-1R agonists from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can improve the diabetic cognitive dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The small molecules from TCM were screened by cell membrane chromatography (CMC) with GLP-1R-HEK293 cell membrane column. MTT assay, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence cytochemistry and other methods were used to determine the effects of mollugin on the apoptosis rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of high glucose (HG)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced PC12 cells. Real-Time PCR was used to detect mRNA expression in mouse cerebral cortex. Water maze test was further used to confirm the effect of mollugin on cognitive dysfunction in T2DM mice. KEY FINDINGS Mollugin bound to GLP-1R, promoted Ca2+ influx, increased insulin secretion and cAMP content in β-TC-6 cells. Mollugin enhanced the cell viability, ameliorated apoptosis, reduced intracellular ROS levels in HG/H2O2-injured PC12 cells. Mollugin reduced the T2DM mice's escape latency, improved neuronal cell damage, decreased the expression of Pik3ca, Akt1 and Mapk1 mRNA in the cerebral cortex tissue. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that mollugin could improve cognitive dysfunction in T2DM mice through activating GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanzhuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wenhui Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jia Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xinyao Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tingli Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuzhuo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weina Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Second Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center (IOMC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Lina Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Han PP, Han Y, Shen XY, Gao ZK, Bi X. NLRP3 inflammasome activation after ischemic stroke. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114578. [PMID: 37437697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a pathological condition resulting from the cessation or reduction of blood supply to the cerebral arteries. Neurological deficits that are clinically relevant can arise as a result of brain damage. The etiology of stroke is multifaceted and intricate, with the inflammatory response being a crucial component that warrants significant attention. Following a cerebrovascular accident, the levels of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18 within the central nervous system escalate due to the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome. The inflammation is aggravated by the subsequent occurrence of pyroptosis. The mechanisms that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome pyroptosis signaling pathway axis are described in this article. In addition, we go over how pyroptosis interacts with other processes for regulated cell death. In addition, specific NLRP3 inflammasome pathway inhibitors are identified, which offer new approaches to preventing ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Kumari K, Kumar S, Sinha RK, Toppo MS. Comparative Study of the Effect of Liraglutide and Donepezil on Learning and Memory in Diazepam-Induced Amnesic Albino Rats. Cureus 2023; 15:e41495. [PMID: 37551235 PMCID: PMC10404348 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia is an age-related gradual loss of memory that is progressive in nature. Presently, the most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is treated with donepezil, an anticholinesterase. But it only provides short-term symptomatic improvement. Liraglutide, which is an anti-diabetic drug, stimulates the anti-apoptotic pathway of nerve damage, which helps in regenerating nerve cells; so, it may help in dementia cases. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of liraglutide on learning and memory and to compare its effect with donepezil in diazepam-induced amnesic albino rats. Methodology Twenty healthy male Albino rats weighing 150-200 grams were taken and divided into four groups: A, B, C, and D. Group A rats were normal rats, whereas the rats in groups B, C, and D were made amnesic by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 0.1 mg per kg of diazepam. Immediately after producing amnesia, group B rats received normal saline, group C received liraglutide, and group D received donepezil through the intraperitoneal route as test drugs. Group A rats received only normal saline. The amnesic effect was measured by the escape latency period, which was measured by using a Morris Water Maize (MWM) instrument. Escape latency is the time (in seconds) to locate the platform from the starting point. The amnesic effect is shown by an increase in escape latency and the anti-amnesic effect by a decrease in escape latency. Escape latency was recorded at 0 hr, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, and 4 hr after test drug administration. Results Group B rats showed an increase in escape latency, which shows the amnesic effect of diazepam. When group C and group D amnesic rats were treated with liraglutide and donepezil, respectively, a one-hour after-treatment increase in escape latency was seen but after two hours, both groups showed a decrease in escape latency, which indicates the anti-amnesic effect of both drugs. When groups C and D were compared, and the post-hoc highly significant difference (HSD) test was used, there was no significant difference between the two drugs, although the liraglutide-treated group (C) showed a lower anti-amnesic effect. However, group C showed a significant effect as compared to group B rats (p-value <0.05), which indicates the anti-amnesic property of liraglutide as compared to normal saline. Conclusion Liraglutide shows an anti-amnesic property. Since it works by a mechanism different from donepezil, it can be used as add-on therapy with donepezil in dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Kumari
- Pharmacology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Ritesh K Sinha
- Pharmacology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
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Dróżdż W, Wiciński M, Szota AM, Szambelan M, Radajewska I, Popławski I, Wojciechowski P. Augmentation Therapies as Treatments for Coexisting Somatic Problems in Schizophrenia-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4012. [PMID: 37373704 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to appraise the data from available randomized clinical trials (RCT) regarding the possible combinations of neuroleptic and non-antipsychotic treatment which could enhance antipsychotic therapy efficacy whilst simultaneously addressing somatic symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia. A systematic search of the PubMed database up to February 2022 was conducted. Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials using augmentation therapy in chronic schizophrenia in adults, written in English, and only studies with psychometric assessments of schizophrenia were incorporated. Exclusion criteria: non-clinical, first episode of schizophrenia, patients on medication other than antipsychotics augmented, and not adjunctive therapy. Overall, 37 studies of 1931 patients with schizophrenia who received a combination of antipsychotic medication with other drugs were selected. A statistically significant reduction of negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia, measured with the PANSS scale, when using a combination of antipsychotic treatment along with aspirin, simvastatin, N-acetylcysteine, or pioglitazone was found. A combination of antipsychotic medication with aspirin, simvastatin, N-acetylcysteine, or pioglitazone seems to be effective in the reduction of symptoms of schizophrenia in adults, but long-term studies are required to confirm this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Dróżdż
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Szota
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Szambelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Izabela Radajewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Igor Popławski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Wojciechowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Dergunova LV, Filippenkov IB, Limborska SA, Myasoedov NF. Neuroprotective Peptides and New Strategies for Ischemic Stroke Drug Discoveries. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14050953. [PMID: 37239313 DOI: 10.3390/genes14050953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke continues to be one of the leading causes of death and disability in the adult population worldwide. The currently used pharmacological methods for the treatment of ischemic stroke are not effective enough and require the search for new tools and approaches to identify therapeutic targets and potential neuroprotectors. Today, in the development of neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of stroke, special attention is paid to peptides. Namely, peptide action is aimed at blocking the cascade of pathological processes caused by a decrease in blood flow to the brain tissues. Different groups of peptides have therapeutic potential in ischemia. Among them are small interfering peptides that block protein-protein interactions, cationic arginine-rich peptides with a combination of various neuroprotective properties, shuttle peptides that ensure the permeability of neuroprotectors through the blood-brain barrier, and synthetic peptides that mimic natural regulatory peptides and hormones. In this review, we consider the latest achievements and trends in the development of new biologically active peptides, as well as the role of transcriptomic analysis in identifying the molecular mechanisms of action of potential drugs aimed at the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V Dergunova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan B Filippenkov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Limborska
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay F Myasoedov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Jiang S, Sanders S, Gan RZ. Hearing protection and damage mitigation in Chinchillas exposed to repeated low-intensity blasts. Hear Res 2023; 429:108703. [PMID: 36680874 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Repeated exposures to blast overpressure (BOP) introduce hearing complaints in military service members even with the use of hearing protection devices (HPDs). Although epidemiology and animal studies have been performed to investigate the damage formation mechanism of blast-induced hearing damage, there is still a lack of understanding and therapeutic solutions, especially for HPD-protected ears. Recent studies revealed the potential therapeutic function of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, to facilitate post-blast hearing restoration in chinchillas. This study is a continuation and summary of the previous studies performed by Jiang et al. (2021, 2022) to investigate the damage mitigation function of liraglutide treatment in chinchillas with open and protected ears after repeated low-intensity blast exposures within 28 days of observation. Chinchillas were divided into six experimental groups: pre-blast treatment, post-blast treatment, and blast control with ears open or protected by earplug (EP). All animals were exposed to six consecutive blasts at the level of 3-5 psi (21-35 kPa) on Day 1. Hearing function tests including auditory brainstem response (ABR), distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), and middle latency response (MLR) were performed on Day 1 (pre- and post-blast) and Days 4, 7, 14, and 28 after blast exposure. Results indicated that the damage mitigation function of the liraglutide treatment in the open-ear chinchillas was reflected by the significantly lower ABR threshold shifts in the drug treatment groups than in the blast controls. In EP groups, the higher ABR wave I/V ratio and lower MLR amplitude observed in the drug-treated chinchillas suggested that the post-blast hyperactivities in the auditory system might be potentially ameliorated by the liraglutide treatment. The 28-day-long experiment showed the effect of liraglutide treatment increased with time in both open and EP groups. This study demonstrated that the use of HPDs prevented the blast-induced complications in the middle ear and reduced the damage caused in the central auditory system. The liraglutide treatment showed an effect increasing with time and different outcomes in open and EP chinchillas. This innovation in the animal model of chinchilla provides insights to investigate subtle changes in the higher-level structures of the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyuan Jiang
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Sarah Sanders
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Rong Z Gan
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States.
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Zhang L, Zhang W, Tian X. The pleiotropic of GLP-1/GLP-1R axis in central nervous system diseases. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:473-491. [PMID: 33941038 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1924707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) is a multifunctional polypeptide throughout the lifespan via activating Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R).GLP-1 can affect food ingestion, enhance the secretion of insulin from pancreatic islets induced by glucose and be utilized to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).But, accumulating evidences from the decades suggest that activation GLP-1R can not only regulate the blood glucose, but also sustain the homeostasis of intracellular environment and protect neuron from various damaged responses such as oxidative stress, inflammation, excitotoxicity, ischemia and so on. And more and more pre-clinical and clinical studies identified that GLP-1 and its analogues may play a significant role in improving multiple central nervous system (CNS) diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, mental disorders, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, chronic pain, addictive disorders, other diseases neurological complications and so on. In order to better reveal the relationship between GLP-1/GLP-1R axis and the growth, development and survival of neurons, herein, this review is aimed to summarize the multi-function of GLP-1/GLP-1R axis in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- LongQing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - XueBi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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12
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Thomas MC, Coughlan MT, Cooper ME. The postprandial actions of GLP-1 receptor agonists: The missing link for cardiovascular and kidney protection in type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab 2023; 35:253-273. [PMID: 36754019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials in people with type 2 diabetes have demonstrated beneficial actions on heart and kidney outcomes following treatment with GLP-1RAs. In part, these actions are consistent with improved glucose control and significant weight loss. But GLP-1RAs may also have additive benefits by improving postprandial dysmetabolism. In diabetes, dysregulated postprandial nutrient excursions trigger inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, thrombogenicity, and endotoxemia; alter hormone levels; and modulate cardiac output and regional blood and lymphatic flow. In this perspective, we explore the actions of GLP-1RAs on the postprandial state and their potential role in end-organ benefits observed in recent trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin C Thomas
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.
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13
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Vergès B, Aboyans V, Angoulvant D, Boutouyrie P, Cariou B, Hyafil F, Mohammedi K, Amarenco P. Protection against stroke with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a comprehensive review of potential mechanisms. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:242. [PMID: 36380358 PMCID: PMC9667639 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes. In this review, we summarize and discuss the potential mechanisms of stroke protection by GLP-1RAs. GLP-1RAs exert multiple anti-atherosclerotic effects contributing to stroke prevention such as enhanced plaque stability, reduced vascular smooth muscle proliferation, increased nitric oxide, and improved endothelial function. GLP-1RAs also lower the risk of stroke by reducing traditional stroke risk factors including hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Independently of these peripheral actions, GLP-1RAs show direct cerebral effects in animal stroke models, such as reduction of infarct volume, apoptosis, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, blood-brain barrier permeability, and increased neurogenesis, neuroplasticity, angiogenesis, and brain perfusion. Despite these encouraging findings, further research is still needed to understand more thoroughly the mechanisms by which GLP-1RAs may mediate stroke protection specifically in the human diabetic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- grid.5613.10000 0001 2298 9313Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Victor Aboyans
- Department of Cardiology, EpiMaCT - INSERM UMR, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges University, 1094 & IRD 270, Limoges, France
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunity & Inflammation, Department of Cardiology, University of Tours, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- Paris Cardiovascular Research CenterUMR-970Department of Pharmacology, INSERM, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, Paris City University, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- grid.462318.aUniversity of Nantes, Nantes University Hospital Centre, CNRS, INSERM, L’institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Department of Nuclear Medicine, DMU IMAGINA, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris City University, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Mohammedi
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1034, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Amarenco
- Neurology and Stroke Center, SOS-TIA Clinic, Bichat Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
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14
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Jiang S, Welch P, Sanders S, Gan RZ. Mitigation of Hearing Damage After Repeated Blast Exposures in Animal Model of Chinchilla. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2022; 23:603-616. [PMID: 35906449 PMCID: PMC9613841 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity sound or blast-induced hearing impairment is a common injury for Service members. Epidemiology studies revealed that the blast-induced hearing loss is associated with the traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the mechanisms of the formation and prevention of auditory injuries require further investigation. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, has been reported as a potential treatment strategy for TBI-caused memory deficits; however, there is no study on therapeutics of GLP-1R for blast-induced hearing damage. This paper reports our current study on progressive hearing damage after repeated exposures to low-level blasts in the animal model of chinchilla and the mitigation of hearing damage using liraglutide. Chinchillas were divided into three groups (N = 7 each): blast control, pre-blast treatment, and post-blast treatment. All animals were exposed to six consecutive blasts at the level of 3-5 psi (21-35 kPa) on Day 1. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was measured on Day 1 (pre- and post-blast) and Days 4, 7, and 14 after blast exposure. Upon the completion of the experiment on Day 14, the brain tissues of animals were harvested for immunofluorescence studies. Significant damage was revealed in blast-exposed chinchillas by increased ABR thresholds, decreased ABR wave I amplitudes, and cell apoptosis in the inferior colliculus in the blast control chinchillas. Treatment with liraglutide appeared to reduce the severity of blast-induced hearing injuries as observed from the drug-treated chinchillas comparing to the blast controls. This study bridges the gap between TBI and hearing impairment and suggests a possible intervention for blast-induced hearing loss for Service members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyuan Jiang
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 865 Asp Avenue, Room 200, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Paige Welch
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 865 Asp Avenue, Room 200, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Sarah Sanders
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 865 Asp Avenue, Room 200, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Rong Z Gan
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 865 Asp Avenue, Room 200, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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15
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Qi L, Gao R, Chen Z, Lin D, Liu Z, Wang L, Lin L, Liu X, Liu X, Liu L. Liraglutide reduces oxidative stress and improves energy metabolism in methylglyoxal-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:166-179. [PMID: 35985417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus can result in severe complications, such as neurodegenerative diseases including cognitive impairment and dementia. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, liraglutide, is a novel antidiabetic drug with neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we explored the protective effect of liraglutide on SH-SY5Y cells exposed to methylglyoxal (MG), a byproduct of glucose metabolism that plays a key role in the development of diabetic encephalopathy. We found that liraglutide reduced the MG-induced oxidative stress, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and expression levels of P22phox, Gp91phox, and Xdh genes, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Metabolomics analysis based on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance showed that liraglutide induced alterations in metabolites involved in energy metabolism,including promotion of gluconeogenesis. Moreover, we found that liraglutide promoted oxidative phosphorylation and inhibited glycolysis in SH-SY5Y cells. This study revealed that liraglutide improved diabetes-related neuropathy damage by reducing the level of oxidative stress and maintaining the balance of energy metabolism, thus offering new insights into the potential mechanism of liraglutide in neuronal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijing Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Frimann TM, Ko SK, Harris P, Bukrinski JT, Peters GHJ. In-silico study of the interactions between acylated glucagon like-peptide-1 analogues and the native receptor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35612899 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2078409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have performed a series of multiple molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and acylated GLP-1 analogues in complex with the endogenous receptor (GLP-1R) to obtain a molecular understanding of how fatty acid (FA) chain structure, acylation position on the peptide, and presence of a linker affect the binding. MD simulations were analysed to extract heatmaps of receptor-peptide interaction patterns and to determine the free energy of binding using the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) approach. The extracted free energies from MM-PBSA calculations are in qualitative agreement with experimentally determined potencies. Furthermore, the interaction patterns seen in the receptor-GLP-1 complex simulations resemble previously reported binding interactions validating the simulations. Analysing the receptor-GLP-1 analogue complex simulations, we found that the major differences between the systems stem from FA interactions and positioning of acylation in the peptide. Hydrophobic interactions between the FA chain and a hydrophobic patch on the extracellular domain contribute significantly to the binding affinity. Acylation on Lys26 resulted in noticeably more interactions between the FA chain and the extracellular domain hydrophobic patch than found for acylation on Lys34 and Lys38, respectively. The presence of a charged linker between the peptide and FA chain can potentially stabilise the complex by forming hydrogen bonds to arginine residues in the linker region between the extracellular domain and the transmembrane domain. A molecular understanding of the fatty acid structure and its effect on binding provides important insights into designing acylated agonists for GLP-1R.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Maja Frimann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Suk Kyu Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, H.C. Ørsted Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Günther H J Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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17
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Yang YS, Chen HH, Huang CN, Hsu CY, Hu KC, Kao CH. GLP-1RAs for Ischemic Stroke Prevention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Without Established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1184-1192. [PMID: 35275992 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on ischemic stroke prevention in the Asian population with type 2 diabetes (T2D) without established cardiovascular disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study examined data obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for the period from 1998 to 2018. The follow-up ended upon the occurrence of hospitalization for ischemic stroke. The median follow-up period was 3 years. The effect of GLP-1RA exposure time on the development of hospitalization for ischemic stroke was assessed. RESULTS The GLP-1RA and non-GLP-1RA user groups both included 6,534 patients. Approximately 53% of the patients were women, and the mean age was 49 ± 12 years. The overall risk of ischemic stroke hospitalization for GLP-1RA users was not significantly lower than that for GLP-1RA nonusers (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.69 [95% CI 0.47-1.00]; P = 0.0506), but GLP-1RA users with a >251-day supply during the study period had a significantly lower risk of ischemic stroke hospitalization than GLP-1RA nonusers (adjusted HR 0.28 [95% CI 0.11-0.71]). Higher cumulative dose of GLP-1 RAs (>1,784 mg) was associated with significantly lower risk of ischemic stroke hospitalization. The subgroup analyses defined by various baseline features did not reveal significant differences in the observed effect of GLP-1RAs. CONCLUSIONS Longer use and higher dose of GLP-1 RAs were associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization for ischemic stroke among Asian patients with T2D who did not have established atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, but who did have dyslipidemia or hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sun Yang
- School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chung Sheng Clinic, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chieh Hu
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
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18
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Yang X, Qiang Q, Li N, Feng P, Wei W, Hölscher C. Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Based Therapies in Ischemic Stroke: An Update Based on Preclinical Research. Front Neurol 2022; 13:844697. [PMID: 35370875 PMCID: PMC8964641 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.844697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The public and social health burdens of ischemic stroke have been increasing worldwide. Hyperglycemia leads to a greater risk of stroke. This increased risk is commonly seen among patients with diabetes and is in connection with worsened clinical conditions and higher mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Therapy for stroke focuses mainly on restoring cerebral blood flow (CBF) and ameliorating neurological impairment caused by stroke. Although choices of stroke treatment remain limited, much advance have been achieved in assisting patients in recovering from ischemic stroke, along with progress of recanalization therapy through pharmacological and mechanical thrombolysis. However, it is still necessary to develop neuroprotective therapies for AIS to protect the brain against injury before and during reperfusion, prolong the time window for intervention, and consequently improve neurological prognosis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are broadly regarded as effective drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Preclinical data on GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs have displayed an impressive neuroprotective efficacy in stroke, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and other neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the preclinical studies in the past decade, we review recent progress in the biological roles of GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs in ischemic stroke. Emphasis will be placed on their neuroprotective effects in experimental models of cerebral ischemia stroke at cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Qiang
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenshi Wei
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Ammar RA, Mohamed AF, Kamal MM, Safar MM, Abdelkader NF. Neuroprotective effect of liraglutide in an experimental mouse model of multiple sclerosis: role of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:919-934. [PMID: 35364735 PMCID: PMC9135867 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the unavailability of treatments addressing its intricate network and reversing the disease state is yet an area that needs to be elucidated. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, recently exhibited intriguing potential neuroprotective effects. The currents study investigated its potential effect against mouse model of MS and the possible underlying mechanisms. Demyelination was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by cuprizone (400 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 5 weeks. Animals received either liraglutide (25 nmol/kg/day i.p.) or dorsomorphin, an AMPK inhibitor, (2.5 mg/Kg i.p.) 30 min before the liraglutide dose, for 4 weeks (starting from the second week). Liraglutide improved the behavioral profile in cuprizone-treated mice. Furthermore, it induced the re-myelination process through stimulating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiation via Olig2 transcription activation, reflected by increased myelin basic protein and myelinated nerve fiber percentage. Liraglutide elevated the protein content of p-AMPK and SIRT1, in addition to the autophagy proteins Beclin-1 and LC3B. Liraglutide halted cellular damage as manifested by reduced HMGB1 protein and consequently TLR-4 downregulation, coupled with a decrease in NF-κB. Liraglutide also suppressed NLRP3 transcription. Dorsomorphin pre-administration indicated a possible interplay between AMPK/SIRT1 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation as it partially reversed liraglutide’s effects. Immunohistochemical examination of Iba+ microglia emphasized these findings. In conclusion, liraglutide exerts neuroprotection against cuprizone-induced demyelination via anti-inflammatory, autophagic flux activation, NLRP3 inflammasome suppression, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, possibly mediated, at least in part, via AMPK/SIRT1, autophagy, TLR-4/ NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A Ammar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Kamal
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Safar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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20
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Liraglutide Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia in Mice via Antipyroptotic Pathways. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1904-1916. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Zhang HS, Ouyang B, Ji XY, Liu MF. Gastrodin Alleviates Cerebral Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Pyroptosis by Regulating the lncRNA NEAT1/miR-22-3p Axis. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1747-1758. [PMID: 33839999 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced irreversible brain injury is a major cause of mortality and functional impairment in ageing people. Gastrodin (GAS), derived from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Tianma, has been reported to inhibit the progression of stroke, but the mechanism whereby GAS modulates the progression of cerebral I/R remains unclear. The middle cerebral artery occlusion method was used as a model of I/R in vivo. Rats were pretreated with GAS by intraperitoneal injection 7 days before I/R surgery and were then treated with GAS for 7 days after I/R surgery. Additionally, an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model using neuronal cells was established in vitro to simulate I/R injury. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Nissl staining were used to evaluate infarct size and neuronal damage, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase release and cell counting kit-8 assays were used to assess neuronal cell viability. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, qPCR, flow cytometry and western blotting were performed to analyse the expression levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-18), lncRNA NEAT1, miR-22-3p, NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1. Luciferase reporter experiments were performed to verify the association between lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-22-3p. The results indicated that GAS could significantly improve the neurological scores of rats and reduce the area of cerebral infarction. Meanwhile, GAS inhibited pyroptosis by downregulating NLRP3, inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-18) and cleaved caspase-1. In addition, GAS attenuated I/R-induced inflammation in neuronal cells through the modulation of the lncRNA NEAT1/miR-22-3p axis. GAS significantly attenuated cerebral I/R injury via modulation of the lncRNA NEAT1/miR-22-3p axis. Thus, GAS might serve as a new agent for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, No. 336 Dongfeng South Road, Zhuhui District, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Ying Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Fang Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, No. 336 Dongfeng South Road, Zhuhui District, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Li Y, Gong M. Analysis of the neuroprotective effect of GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by Quantitative Proteomics Mass Spectrometry. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02190. [PMID: 34018701 PMCID: PMC8213929 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathological characteristics of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) are complex, and the mechanism involved remains unknown. The treatment for CIRI has become an increasingly important challenge in the clinic, prompting us to explore the mechanism of CIRI. It was reported that GLP-1 receptor agonist, Liraglutide, exhibited alleviating effects on CIRI. The previous findings suggested that the administration of Liraglutide in rodents results in the attenuation of the infarct volume following ischemia-reperfusion injury by mediating the reactive oxygen species, apoptotic and necroptotic pathways. METHODS Here, a proteomic study was performed aiming to clarify the physiological protection role of GLP-1 receptor agonist during the development of CIRI in MCAO mice. This proteomic investigations is contributed to reveal the mechanism associated with the treatment of GLP-1 receptor agonist in MCAO mice. RESULTS The results indicated that the occurrence of ischemia-reperfusion led to complex pathological processes, including inflammation, necroptosis and apoptosis. The treatment of Liraglutide significantly reduced the infract volume resulted from ischemia reperfusion injury. The proteomic data revealed that the administration of Liraglutide in MCAO mice induced the various effects on proteins expression level and phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS The findings in this study was beneficial for identifying the novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemia reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Min Gong
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Sedky AA. Improvement of cognitive function, glucose and lipid homeostasis and serum osteocalcin levels by liraglutide in diabetic rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:989-1003. [PMID: 33683755 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose and lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress (OXS) and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are involved in cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptors modulate glucose and lipid metabolism, cognitive function and serum osteocalcin. On the other hand, osteocalcin modulates cognitive function and glucose and lipid metabolism. This study investigated whether the GLP 1 agonist liraglutide improves cognitive function via modulation of serum osteocalcin and glucose and lipid metabolism. METHODS Effects of 4 weeks liraglutide treatment (100 µg/Kg/d and 300 µg/Kg/d) on changes in cognitive function and bone homeostasis, induced by high fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin (HFD-STZ), were determined in rats. Cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) test. Serum and bone biochemical parameters were determined. RESULTS Liraglutide dose-dependently improved cognitive function in diabetic rats (reduced escape latency, and increased time spent in target quadrant in MWM test, compared to diabetic control). Glucose and lipid abnormalities and the associated changes in serum BDNF and oxidative stress makers were improved. Serum BDNF and glutathione were significantly increased, whereas malondialdehyde level was reduced. Serum osteocalcin was significantly increased and correlated with improvement in cognitive dysfunction. Serum and bone receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin ratios were significantly reduced by liraglutide treatment. CONCLUSION Improvement of cognitive dysfunction by liraglutide involves modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and serum osteocalcin. GLP1 agonists may provide an alternative metabolic approach for cognitive dysfunction in diabetes.
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Maskery MP, Holscher C, Jones SP, Price CI, Strain WD, Watkins CL, Werring DJ, Emsley HCA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as neuroprotective agents for ischemic stroke: a systematic scoping review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:14-30. [PMID: 32954901 PMCID: PMC7747170 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20952011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stroke mortality and morbidity is expected to rise. Despite considerable recent advances within acute ischemic stroke treatment, scope remains for development of widely applicable neuroprotective agents. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), originally licensed for the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, have demonstrated pre-clinical neuroprotective efficacy in a range of neurodegenerative conditions. This systematic scoping review reports the pre-clinical basis of GLP-1RAs as neuroprotective agents in acute ischemic stroke and their translation into clinical trials. We included 35 pre-clinical studies, 11 retrospective database studies, 7 cardiovascular outcome trials and 4 prospective clinical studies. Pre-clinical neuroprotection was demonstrated in normoglycemic models when administration was delayed by up to 24 h following stroke induction. Outcomes included reduced infarct volume, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation alongside increased neurogenesis, angiogenesis and cerebral blood flow. Improved neurological function and a trend towards increased survival were also reported. Cardiovascular outcomes trials reported a significant reduction in stroke incidence with semaglutide and dulaglutide. Retrospective database studies show a trend towards neuroprotection. Prospective interventional clinical trials are on-going, but initial indicators of safety and tolerability are favourable. Ultimately, we propose that repurposing GLP-1RAs is potentially advantageous but appropriately designed trials are needed to determine clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Maskery
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Department of Neurology, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - Christian Holscher
- Research and Experimental Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Stephanie P Jones
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Christopher I Price
- Institute of Neuroscience, Stroke Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - W David Strain
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Caroline L Watkins
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - David J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Hedley CA Emsley
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Department of Neurology, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
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Huang J, Liu Y, Cheng L, Li J, Zhang T, Zhao G, Zhang H. Glucagon-like peptide-1 cleavage product GLP-1(9-36) reduces neuroinflammation from stroke via the activation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in astrocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173581. [PMID: 32949596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an endogenous gut hormone and a key regulator in maintaining glucose homeostasis by stimulating insulin secretion. Its natural cleavage product GLP-1 (9-36), which was formerly considered a "bio-inactive" metabolite mainly due to its low affinity for GLP-1 receptor, possesses unique properties such as cardiovascular protection. Little is known about the effects and mechanisms of GLP-1 (9-36) in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Here, we report that systemic application of GLP-1 (9-36) in adult mice facilitated functional recovery and reduced infarct volume, astrogliosis, and neuronal apoptosis following middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. Interestingly, these effects were still observed in GLP-1 receptor knockout (Glp-1rKO) mice but were partially reversed in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor knockdown (Igf-1rKD) mice. Primary astrocytes were cultured and subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that GLP-1 (9-36) pretreatment reduces tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels. This effect was not diminished in Glp-1rKO astrocytes but was reversed in Igf-1rKO astrocytes, emphasizing that the anti-inflammatory effect of GLP-1 (9-36) in astrocytes is independent of GLP-1 receptor signaling and is instead mediated by IGF-1 receptor. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that GLP-1 (9-36) directly interacts with IGF-1 receptor in astrocytes. Western blot data indicated that GLP-1 (9-36) activates IGF-1 receptor and downstream PI3K-AKT pathway in astrocytes upon OGD/R injury, which was abrogated by preincubation with IGF-1 receptor autophosphorylation inhibitor picropodophyllin. Thus, our findings suggest that GLP-1 (9-36) improved stroke outcome by reducing inflammation in astrocytes via interaction with IGF-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China; Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunhan Liu
- Department of Neurology Impatient, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liusiyuan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jihong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Tangrui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huinan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Cheng L, Ma X, Luo X. Exendin-4 induces a novel extended effect of ischemic tolerance via crosstalk with IGF-1R. Brain Res Bull 2020; 169:145-155. [PMID: 33197537 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4), a drug that has been used in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, also confers a neuroprotective effect against stroke. Although GLP-1 analogs were reported to induce sustained insulin secretion and glucose tolerance improved after cessation of treatment, no study has revealed whether Ex-4 exerts sustained neuroprotection against stroke and the underlying mechanism after treatment cessation. In this study, mice were pretreated with Ex-4 for 7 days, and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on different days after cessation of Ex-4 treatment. Ex-4 ameliorated neurological dysfunction and reduced the infarct volume induced by MCAO. These protective effects lasted for 6 days after the cessation of Ex-4 treatment and were associated with sustained upregulation of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and HIF-1α levels, as well as HIF-1α downstream genes. Knockdown of GLP-1R or HIF-1α in the brain by short hairpin RNA abolished Ex-4 treatment-mediated neuroprotection. In normal mice, Ex-4 treatment led to instant upregulation of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and HIF-1α expression levels, which quickly returned to normal after cessation of Ex-4 treatment, while the expression levels of insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) remained high for 6 days after Ex-4 cessation. Additionally, Ex-4 did not directly induce IGF-1 production, which was only induced by MCAO. Ex-4 induces extended cerebral ischemic tolerance. This neuroprotective effect is associated with activation of GLP-1R and upregulation of IGF-1R in the brain, and the latter then activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1 signaling pathway via binding to IGF-1 secreted from the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunhan Liu
- Department of Neurology Impatient, the Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liusiyuan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
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Salameh TS, Rhea EM, Talbot K, Banks WA. Brain uptake pharmacokinetics of incretin receptor agonists showing promise as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114187. [PMID: 32755557 PMCID: PMC7606641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among the more promising treatments proposed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are those reducing brain insulin resistance. The antidiabetics in the class of incretin receptor agonists (IRAs) reduce symptoms and brain pathology in animal models of AD and PD, as well as glucose utilization in AD cases and clinical symptoms in PD cases after their systemic administration. At least 9 different IRAs are showing promise as AD and PD therapeutics, but we still lack quantitative data on their relative ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) reaching the brain parenchyma. We consequently compared brain uptake pharmacokinetics of intravenous 125I-labeled IRAs in adult CD-1 mice over the course of 60 min. We tested single IRAs (exendin-4, liraglutide, lixisenatide, and semaglutide), which bind receptors for one incretin (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1]), and dual IRAs, which bind receptors for two incretins (GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]), including unbranched, acylated, PEGylated, or C-terminally modified forms (Finan/Ma Peptides 17, 18, and 20 and Hölscher peptides DA3-CH and DA-JC4). The non-acylated and non-PEGylated IRAs (exendin-4, lixisenatide, Peptide 17, DA3-CH and DA-JC4) had significant rates of blood-to-brain influx (Ki), but the acylated IRAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, and Peptide 18) did not measurably cross the BBB. The brain influx of the non-acylated, non-PEGylated IRAs were not saturable up to 1 μg of these drugs and was most likely mediated by adsorptive transcytosis across brain endothelial cells, as observed for exendin-4. Of the non-acylated, non-PEGylated IRAs tested, exendin-4 and DA-JC4 were best able to cross the BBB based on their rate of brain influx, percentage reaching the brain that accumulated in brain parenchyma, and percentage of the systemic dose taken up per gram of brain tissue. Exendin-4 and DA-JC4 thus merit special attention as IRAs well-suited to enter the central nervous system (CNS), thus reaching areas pathologic in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese S Salameh
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98498, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Rhea
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98498, USA
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Departments of Neurosurgery, Basic Sciences, and Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - William A Banks
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98498, USA.
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Tu XK, Chen Q, Chen S, Huang B, Ren BG, Shi SS. GLP-1R Agonist Liraglutide Attenuates Inflammatory Reaction and Neuronal Apoptosis and Reduces Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Inflammation 2020; 44:397-406. [PMID: 32951103 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liraglutide, one of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, has been demonstrated to protect brain damage produced by ischemic stroke. However, it remains unknown whether liraglutide attenuates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The present study was performed to explore the effect of liraglutide on early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats, and further investigate the potential mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by endovascular perforation, then received subcutaneous injection with liraglutide (50 or 100 μg/kg) or vehicle after 2 and 12 h of SAH. SAH grading, neurological scores, brain water content, and Evans Blue extravasation were measured 24 h after SAH. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to detect the extent of microglial activation in rat brain 24 h after SAH. TUNEL staining was performed to evaluate neuronal apoptosis in rat brain of SAH. Expression of GLP-1R, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 in rat brain were determined by western blot. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in rat brain was assessed by ELISA. Neurological dysfunction, brain water content, Evans Blue extravasation, microglial activation, and neuronal apoptosis were significantly reduced by GLP-1R agonist liraglutide. Expression of GLP-1R in rat brain was decreased after SAH, which is significantly elevated by liraglutide. Expression of inflammatory mediates like COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β was increased after SAH, which were significantly inhibited by liraglutide. Furthermore, SAH caused the elevated expression of pro-apoptotic factors Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in rat brain, both of which were inhibited by liraglutide. In addition, liraglutide reversed the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Our results demonstrated that liraglutide reduces early brain injury and attenuates inflammatory reaction and neuronal apoptosis in rats of SAH. Liraglutide provides neuroprotection against SAH, which might be associated with the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Kun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Bao-Gang Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Song-Sheng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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Urolithin A Prevents Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury via Attenuating Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation in Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 448:94-106. [PMID: 32946950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation contributes to neuronal death in cerebral ischemia. Urolithin A (UA), a gut microbial metabolite of ellagic acid, has emerged as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. However, its roles and precise mechanisms in stroke remain unknown. Here we found that UA treatment ameliorated infarction, neurological deficit scores, and spatial memory deficits after cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, UA significantly reduced neuron loss and promoted neurogenesis after ischemic stroke. We also found that UA attenuated apoptosis by regulating apoptotic-related proteins. Meanwhile, UA treatment inhibited glial activation via affecting inflammatory signaling pathways, specifically by enhancing cerebral AMPK and IκBa activation while decreasing the activation of Akt, P65NFκB, ERK, JNK, and P38MAPK. Our findings reveal a key role of UA against ischemic stroke through modulating apoptosis and neuroinflammation in mice.
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Ranjan AK, Briyal S, Gulati A. Sovateltide (IRL-1620) activates neuronal differentiation and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in adult mammalian brains following stroke. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12737. [PMID: 32728189 PMCID: PMC7391684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of effective drugs for stroke is urgently required as it is the 2nd largest killer in the world and its incidence is likely to increase in the future. We have demonstrated cerebral endothelin B receptors (ETBR) as a potential target to treat acute cerebral ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism of ETBR mediated neural regeneration and repair remains elusive. In this study, a permanent middle cerebral artery occluded (MCAO) rat model was used. Sovateltide (an ETBR agonist) injected intravenously showed better survival and neurological and motor function improvement than control. Higher neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) differentiation along with better mitochondrial morphology and biogenesis in the brain of sovateltide rats were noted. Exposure of cultured NPCs to hypoxia and sovateltide also showed higher NPC differentiation and maturation. This study shows a novel role of ETBR in NPCs and mitochondrial fate determination in cerebral ischemia, and in improving neurological deficit after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh K Ranjan
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
| | - Seema Briyal
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Anil Gulati
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA. .,Pharmazz Inc. Research and Development, Willlowbrook, IL, USA.
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Cataldi M, Cignarelli A, Giallauria F, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Cardiovascular effects of antiobesity drugs: are the new medicines all the same? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2020; 10:14-26. [PMID: 32714509 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-020-0015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Waiting for a definite answer from well-designed randomized prospective clinical trials, the impact of the new antiobesity drugs -liraglutide, bupropion/naltrexone, phentermine/topiramate and lorcaserin- on cardiovascular outcomes remains uncertain. What has been learned from previous experience with older medicines is that antiobesity drugs may influence cardiovascular health not only causing weight reduction but also through direct actions on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, in the present review, we examine what is known, mainly from preclinical investigations, about the cardiovascular pharmacology of the new antiobesity medicines with the aim of highlighting potential mechanistic differences. We will show that the two active substances of the bupropion/naltrexone combination both exert beneficial and unwanted cardiovascular effects. Indeed, bupropion exerts anti-inflammatory effects but at the same time it does increase heart rate and blood pressure by potentiating catecholaminergic neurotransmission, whereas naltrexone reduces TLR4-dependent inflammation and has potential protective effects in stroke but also impairs cardiac adaption to ischemia and the beneficial opioid protective effects mediated in the endothelium. On the contrary, with the only exception of a small increase in heat rate, liraglutide only exerts favorable cardiovascular effects by protecting myocardium and brain from ischemic damage, improving heart contractility, lowering blood pressure and reducing atherogenesis. As far as the phentermine/topiramate combination is concerned, no direct cardiovascular beneficial effect is expected for phentermine (as this drug is an amphetamine derivative), whereas topiramate may exert cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects in ischemia and anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic actions. Finally, lorcaserin, a selective 5HT2C receptor agonist, does not seem to exert significant direct effects on the cardiovascular system though at very high concentrations this drug may also interact with other serotonin receptor subtypes and exert unwanted cardiovascular effects. In conclusion, the final effect of the new antiobesity drugs on cardiovascular outcomes will be a balance between possible (but still unproved) beneficial effects of weight loss and "mixed" weight-independent drug-specific effects. Therefore comparative studies will be required to establish which one of the new medicines is more appropriate in patients with specific cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cataldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Division of Pharmacology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giallauria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine (Metabolic and Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Ranjan AK, Briyal S, Khandekar D, Gulati A. Sovateltide (IRL-1620) affects neuronal progenitors and prevents cerebral tissue damage after ischemic stroke. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:659-666. [PMID: 32574518 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of endothelin B receptors by its agonist IRL-1620 (INN, sovateltide) provides neuroprotection and neurological and motor function improvement following cerebral ischemia. We investigated the effect of sovateltide on stem and progenitor cells mediated neural regeneration and its effect on the cerebral tissue repair and restoration of neurological and motor function. Sovateltide (5 μg/kg) was injected intravenously in permanent middle cerebral artery occluded (MCAO) rats at 4, 6, and 8 h at days 0, 3, and 6. Neurological and motor function tests were carried out pre-MCAO and at day 7 post-MCAO. At day 7, significantly reduced expression of neuronal differentiation markers HuC/HuD and NeuroD1 was seen in MCAO + vehicle than sham rats. Sovateltide treatment upregulated HuC/HuD and NeuroD1 compared to MCAO + vehicle and their expression was similar to sham. Expression of stem cell markers Oct 4 and Sox 2 was similar in rats of all of the groups. Significantly reduced infarct volume and DNA damage with recovery of neurological and motor function was observed in sovateltide-treated MCAO rats. These results indicate that sovateltide initiates a regenerative response by promoting differentiation of neuronal progenitors and maintaining stem cells in an equilibrium following cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh K Ranjan
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Seema Briyal
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Divya Khandekar
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Anil Gulati
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.,Pharmazz Inc. Research and Development, Willowbrook, IL 60527, USA
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Bell DSH, Goncalves E. Stroke in the patient with diabetes (Part 2) - Prevention and the effects of glucose lowering therapies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 164:108199. [PMID: 32413380 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a higher incidence of stroke in both the type 2 diabetic and the non-diabetic insulin resistant patient which is accompanied by higher morbidity and mortality. Stroke primary prevention can be achieved by controlling atrial fibrillation and hypertension, and the utilization of statins and anticoagulant therapies. Utilizing pioglitazone and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of stroke while the utilization of metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors have no effect. Insulin use may be a marker of increased risk of stroke, but not necessarily causative. Utilizing intravenous insulin to normalize plasma glucose levels in the acute phase of a stroke does not improve the outcome. Antiplatelet agents are not proven to be of benefit in primary prevention whereas the use of direct-acting oral anticoagulants to avoid stroke and the early use of tpA in the acute phase have been shown to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S H Bell
- Southside Endocrinology, Diabetes and Thyroid Associates, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Edison Goncalves
- Southside Endocrinology, Diabetes and Thyroid Associates, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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AlAsmari AF, Ali N, AlAsmari F, AlAnazi WA, AlShammari MA, Al-Harbi NO, Alhoshani A, As Sobeai HM, AlSwayyed M, AlAnazi MM, AlGhamdi NS. Liraglutide attenuates gefitinib-induced cardiotoxicity and promotes cardioprotection through the regulation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:509-518. [PMID: 32273812 PMCID: PMC7132601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib is an effective treatment for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. However, it is associated with cardiotoxicity that can limit its clinical use. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, showed potent cardioprotective effects with the mechanism is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the efficiency of liraglutide in protecting the heart from damage induced by gefitinib. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, liraglutide group (200 µg/kg by i.p. injection), gefitinib group (30 mg/kg orally) and liraglutide plus gefitinib group. After 28 days, blood and tissue samples were collected for histopathological, biochemical, gene and protein analysis. We demonstrated that gefitinib treatment (30 mg/kg) resulted in cardiac damage as evidenced by histopathological studies. Furthermore, serum Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) were markedly elevated in gefitinib group. Pretreatment with liraglutide (200 µg/kg), however, restored the elevation in serum markers and diminished gefitinib-induced cardiac damage. Moreover, liraglutide improved the gene and protein levels of anti-oxidant (superoxide dismutase) and decreased the oxidative stress marker (NF-κB). Mechanistically, liraglutide offered protection through upregulation of the survival kinases (ERK1/2 and Akt) and downregulation of stress-activated kinases (JNK and P38). In this study, we provide evidence that liraglutide protects the heart from gefitinib-induced cardiac damage through its anti-oxidant property and through the activation of survival kinases.
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Key Words
- Akt, Protein kinase B
- Antioxidant
- CK-MB, Creatine kinase-MB
- Cardioprotection
- Cardiotoxicity
- EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK1/2, Extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2
- GEF, Gefitinib
- GLP-1, Glucagon-like peptide-1
- Gefitinib
- JNK, C-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase
- LIRA, Liraglutide
- Liraglutide
- MAPK
- MAPK, Mitogen activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B
- NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide
- RTKIs, Receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors
- RTKs, Receptor tyrosine kinases
- cTnI, cardiac Troponin-I
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A AlAnazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad A AlShammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homood M As Sobeai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlSwayyed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M AlAnazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader S AlGhamdi
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh 14214, Saudi Arabia
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Liraglutide Protects Against Brain Amyloid-β 1-42 Accumulation in Female Mice with Early Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology by Partially Rescuing Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051746. [PMID: 32143329 PMCID: PMC7084254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, being characterized by the deposition of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (enriched in the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), respectively) and memory loss. Aging, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and female sex (especially after menopause) are risk factors for AD, but their crosslinking mechanisms remain unclear. Most clinical trials targeting AD neuropathology failed and it remains incurable. However, evidence suggests that effective anti-T2D drugs, such as the GLP-1 mimetic and neuroprotector liraglutide, can be also efficient against AD. Thus, we aimed to study the benefits of a peripheral liraglutide treatment in AD female mice. We used blood and brain cortical lysates from 10-month-old 3xTg-AD female mice, treated for 28 days with liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg, once/day) to evaluate parameters affected in AD (e.g., Aβ and p-tau, motor and cognitive function, glucose metabolism, inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress). Despite the limited signs of cognitive changes in mature female mice, liraglutide only reduced their cortical Aβ1–42 levels. Liraglutide partially attenuated brain estradiol and GLP-1 and activated PKA levels, oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation in these AD female mice. Our results support the earlier use of liraglutide as a potential preventive/therapeutic agent against the accumulation of the first neuropathological features of AD in females.
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Liraglutide provides neuroprotection by regulating autophagy through the AMPK-FOXO3 signaling pathway in a spinal contusion injury rat model. Neurosci Lett 2020; 720:134747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Liraglutide protects against diabetes mellitus complicated with focal cerebral ischemic injury by activating mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Neuroreport 2019; 30:479-484. [PMID: 30889046 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral infarction is a common disease that threatens the health of humankind worldwide. Diabetes is one of the important causes of cerebral ischemic (CI) injury. CI complicated with diabetes has a worse prognosis and lacks effective treatment. Our preliminary study demonstrated that liraglutide mitigates CI injuries in diabetic rats. However, the essential mechanism underlying this effect remained to be fully investigated. Recent research has shown that damaged mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP) play a critical role in diabetes-aggravated CI injury. Therefore, we hypothesized that liraglutide may confer therapeutic effects against CI with diabetes by activating mitoKATP channels. In this study, liraglutide, but not insulin, significantly improved ischemia-induced neurological deficits and decreased infarct volumes following CI in diabetic rats, down-regulated the expression of myeloperoxidase and up-regulated the expression of superoxide dismutase and two subunits of the mitoKATP channel (SUR1 and Kir6.2). However, these effects were weakened by the mitoKATP antagonist 5-hydroxydecanoic acid. Our study demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects of liraglutide on CI injury with diabetes, which occurs by reducing oxidative stress and the inflammatory response, are associated with the activation of the mitoKATP channel.
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Erdoğan MA, Taşkıran E, Yiğittürk G, Erbaş O, Taşkıran D. The investigation of therapeutic potential of oxytocin and liraglutide on vincristine-induced neuropathy in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22415. [PMID: 31682045 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of oxytocin and liraglutide (LIR), a GLP-1 analogue, in a rat model of vincristine-induced neuropathy. Rats were injected with vincristine (VCR) at a dose of 4 mg/kg twice a week for 5 weeks. The VCR-administered rats were divided into three groups and received saline, oxytocin, or liraglutide simultaneously with VCR. After the treatment period, electrophysiological, biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical investigations were performed. Electromyography (EMG) recordings demonstrated significant alterations in the VCR + saline group (p < .001). Also, motor performance was decreased in the VCR + saline group (p < .05). Histologically, the axonal diameter was decreased in all groups. VCR + saline group showed significantly increased lipid peroxidation and decreased nerve growth factor (NGF) expression. However, the administration of oxytocin and liraglutide significantly prevented the EMG alterations, lipid peroxidation, and reduction in neuronal NGF expression. On the basis of these findings, oxytocin and liraglutide may be considered as potential agents for the prevention of VCR-induced neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mümin A Erdoğan
- Department of Physiology, Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emin Taşkıran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Yiğittürk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Taşkıran
- Department of Physiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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He W, Wang H, Zhao C, Tian X, Li L, Wang H. Role of liraglutide in brain repair promotion through Sirt1-mediated mitochondrial improvement in stroke. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2986-3001. [PMID: 31535381 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain repair, especially axonal sprouting, is critical to restore motor function in disabled stroke patients. Liraglutide (LG) is a new kind of long-acting analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and has potential protective effects in stroke. The mitochondria participate in brain repair after cerebral injury. However, the mechanism of the effect of LG on brain repair and its potential influence on mitochondria in stroke remains obscure. Here, in focal cerebral cortical ischemic mice model, LG improved the motor functional recovery and promoted axonal sprouting by restoring the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase. Moreover, LG remarkably increased the cell survival rate and revived the NeuN and GAP-43 levels in cortical neurons under hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) exposure. It was also observed that LG reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species, stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced the levels of adenosine triphosphate, enhanced activities of mitochondrial complex-I, and decreased protein expression levels of fission-1 in H2 O2 -injured cortical neurons. Additionally, LG suppressed the expressions of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in cortical neurons exposed to H2 O2 . Furthermore, knockdown of Sirt1 by short interfering RNA facilitated the LG-mediated mitochondrial protection in cortical neurons under H2 O2 . Collectively, this data from the present study illustrated that LG exerted a promoting influence on brain repair, after cerebral ischemic injury, through Sirt1-mediated mitochondrial improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang He
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Congying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaochao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Litao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,School of Basic Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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The diabetes drug semaglutide reduces infarct size, inflammation, and apoptosis, and normalizes neurogenesis in a rat model of stroke. Neuropharmacology 2019; 158:107748. [PMID: 31465784 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a condition with few medical treatments available. Semaglutide, a novel Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, has been brought to the market as a treatment for diabetes. We tested the protective effects of semaglutide against middle cerebral artery occlusion injury in rats. Animals were treated with 10 nmol/kg bw ip. starting 2 h after surgery and every second day for either 1, 7, 14 or 21 days. Semaglutide-treated animals showed significantly reduced scores of neurological impairments in several motor and grip strength tasks. The cerebral infarction size was also reduced, and the loss of neurons in the hippocampal areas CA1, CA3 and the dentate gyrus was much reduced. Chronic inflammation as seen in levels of activated microglia and in the activity of the p38 MAPK - MKK - c-Jun- NF-κB p65 inflammation signaling pathway was reduced. In addition, improved growth factor signaling as shown in levels of activated ERK1 and IRS-1, and a reduction in the apoptosis signaling pathway C-raf, ERK2, Bcl-2/BAX and Caspase-3 was observed. Neurogenesis had also been normalized by the drug treatment as seen in increased neurogenesis (DCX-positive cells) in the dentate gyrus and a normalization of biomarkers for neurogenesis. In conclusion, semaglutide is a promising candidate for re-purposing as a stroke treatment.
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Briyal S, Ranjan AK, Hornick MG, Puppala AK, Luu T, Gulati A. Anti-apoptotic activity of ET B receptor agonist, IRL-1620, protects neural cells in rats with cerebral ischemia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10439. [PMID: 31320660 PMCID: PMC6639304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-B receptor agonist, IRL-1620, provides significant neuroprotection following cerebral ischemia in rats. Whether this neuroprotection is due to inhibition of apoptosis is unknown. IRL-1620-treated rats following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) showed significant improvement in neurological and motor functions along with a decrease in infarct volume at 24 h (-81.3%) and day 7 (-73.0%) compared to vehicle group. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) significantly improved in IRL-1620-treated animals compared to vehicle by day 7 post MCAO. IRL-1620-treated rats showed an increase in phospho-Akt and decrease in Bad level 7 h post-occlusion compared to vehicle, while Akt and Bad expression was similar in cerebral hemispheres at 24 h post-MCAO. The phospho-Bad level was lower in vehicle- but not in IRL-1620-treated rats at 24 h. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression decreased, while pro-apoptotic Bax expression increased in vehicle-treated MCAO rats, these changes were attenuated (P < 0.01) by IRL-1620. Mitochondrial membrane-bound Bax intensity significantly decreased in IRL-1620 compared to vehicle-treated MCAO rats. IRL-1620 treatment reduced (P < 0.001) the number of TUNEL-positive cells compared to vehicle at 24 h and day 7 post MCAO. The results demonstrate that IRL-1620 is neuroprotective and attenuates neural damage following cerebral ischemia in rats by increasing CBF and reducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Briyal
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Amaresh K Ranjan
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Mary G Hornick
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Anupama K Puppala
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Thanh Luu
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Anil Gulati
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA. .,Pharmazz, Inc., Research and Development, Willowbrook, IL, USA.
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Erbil D, Eren CY, Demirel C, Küçüker MU, Solaroğlu I, Eser HY. GLP-1's role in neuroprotection: a systematic review. Brain Inj 2019; 33:734-819. [PMID: 30938196 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1587000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a target for treatment of diabetes; however, its function in the brain is not well studied. In this systematic review, we aimed to analyze the neuroprotective role of GLP-1 and its defined mechanisms. Methods: We searched 'Web of Science' and 'Pubmed' to identify relevant studies using GLP-1 as the keyword. Two hundred and eighty-nine clinical and preclinical studies have been included. Data have been presented by grouping neurodegenerative, neurovascular and specific cell culture models. Results: Recent literature shows that GLP-1 and its agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors and combined GLP-1/GIP molecules are effective in partially or fully reversing the effects of neurotoxic compounds, neurovascular complications of diabetes, neuropathological changes related with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or vascular occlusion. Possible mechanisms that provide neuroprotection are enhancing the viability of the neurons and restoring neurite outgrowth by increased neurotrophic factors, increasing subventricular zone progenitor cells, decreasing apoptosis, decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory factors, and strengthening blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: Based on the preclinical studies, GLP-1 modifying agents are promising targets for neuroprotection. On the other hand, the number of clinical studies that investigate GLP-1 as a treatment is low and further clinical trials are needed for a benchside to bedside translation of recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Erbil
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Candan Yasemin Eren
- b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Cağrı Demirel
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | | | - Ihsan Solaroğlu
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hale Yapıcı Eser
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Milonas D, Didangelos T, Hatzitolios AI, Tziomalos K. Incretin-Based Antihyperglycemic Agents for the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Diabetes Ther 2019; 10:429-435. [PMID: 30725400 PMCID: PMC6437305 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-019-0580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. Moreover, patients with DM suffer more severe strokes and have worse functional outcome following an acute stroke than patients without DM. In this context, data from animal studies and emerging evidence from clinical studies suggest that incretin-based antihyperglycemic agents might exert beneficial effects in patients with DM who suffer ischemic stroke. It appears that these agents exert neuroprotective actions that might both reduce infarct size and promote recovery. The present review summarizes the evidence on the potential role of incretin-based antihyperglycemic agents in the management of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Milonas
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Triantafyllos Didangelos
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos I Hatzitolios
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Liraglutide and its Neuroprotective Properties-Focus on Possible Biochemical Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease and Cerebral Ischemic Events. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051050. [PMID: 30823403 PMCID: PMC6429395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liraglutide is a GLP-1 analog (glucagon like peptide-1) used primarily in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and obesity. The literature starts to suggest that liraglutide may reduce the effects of ischemic stroke by activating anti-apoptotic pathways, as well as limiting the harmful effects of free radicals. The GLP-1R expression has been reported in the cerebral cortex, especially occipital and frontal lobes, the hypothalamus, and the thalamus. Liraglutide reduced the area of ischemia caused by MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion), limited neurological deficits, decreased hyperglycemia caused by stress, and presented anti-apoptotic effects by increasing the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl proteins and reduction of Bax and Bad protein expression. The pharmaceutical managed to decrease concentrations of proapoptotic factors, such as NF-κB (Nuclear Factor-kappa β), ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1), caspase-3, and reduced the level of TUNEL-positive cells. Liraglutide was able to reduce the level of free radicals by decreasing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increasing the superoxide dismutase level (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase. Liraglutide may affect the neurovascular unit causing its remodeling, which seems to be crucial for recovery after stroke. Liraglutide may stabilize atherosclerotic plaque, as well as counteract its early formation and further development. Liraglutide, through its binding to GLP-1R (glucagon like peptide-1 receptor) and consequent activation of PI3K/MAPK (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mitogen associated protein kinase) dependent pathways, may have a positive impact on Aβ (amyloid beta) trafficking and clearance by increasing the presence of Aβ transporters in cerebrospinal fluid. Liraglutide seems to affect tau pathology. It is possible that liraglutide may have some stem cell stimulating properties. The effects may be connected with PKA (phosphorylase kinase A) activation. This paper presents potential mechanisms of liraglutide activity in conditions connected with neuronal damage, with special emphasis on Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemia.
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Camkurt MA, Lavagnino L, Zhang XY, Teixeira AL. Liraglutide for psychiatric disorders: clinical evidence and challenges. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 36:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0031/hmbci-2018-0031.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are both risk factors and consequences of psychiatric disorders. Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists such as liraglutide are widely used in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. There are considerable amounts of preclinical studies showing the effects of liraglutide on promotion of neurogenesis, while preventing apoptosis and oxidation. Preliminary clinical evidence has suggested that liraglutide could decrease weight gain, improve cognition and prevent cognitive decline. Accordingly, liraglutide has been regarded as a potential candidate for the management of psychiatric disorders. Herein, we will discuss the association between obesity/diabetes and psychiatric disorders, and the emerging use of liraglutide in psychiatry.
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46
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Filchenko I, Simanenkova A, Chefu S, Kolpakova M, Vlasov T. Neuroprotective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist is independent of glycaemia normalization in type two diabetic rats. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:567-570. [PMID: 30024276 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118788079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stroke is a severe complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have been shown to have a neuroprotective effect in experimental diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine if their neuroprotective effect is an independent property of the drug independent of glycaemic control. METHODS This two-phase study used male Wistar rats. In the first phase, experimental animals were pretreated with liraglutide, while controls received only vehicle. After transient focal brain ischaemia modelling, neurological deficit and brain infarct volume were measured. In the second phase, the first and the second groups of experimental animals with type 2 diabetes mellitus received liraglutide and metformin, respectively, while control animals with diabetes received only vehicle. After transient focal brain ischaemia modelling, neurological deficit and brain infarct volume were evaluated. RESULTS Pretreatment with liraglutide in diabetic and non-diabetic animals reduced infarct size as compared to controls, while only non-diabetic liraglutide-treated rats presented neurologic deficit decreases. Despite glycaemia normalization, metformin-treated diabetic rats had no differences in stroke outcome when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The neuroprotective effect of liraglutide is not associated with glycaemic control amelioration in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/agonists
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/blood
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/etiology
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/pathology
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/prevention & control
- Liraglutide/pharmacology
- Male
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Rats, Wistar
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Filchenko
- 1 Pervyj Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj medicinskij universitet imeni akademika I. P. Pavlova, Sankt Peterburg, Russian Federation
- 2 Nacional'nyj medicinskij issledovatel'skij centr imeni V A Almazova, Sankt Peterburg, Russian Federation
- 3 Institut evolucionnoj fiziologii i biohimii imeni I M Secenova RAN, Sankt Peterburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Simanenkova
- 1 Pervyj Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj medicinskij universitet imeni akademika I. P. Pavlova, Sankt Peterburg, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Chefu
- 1 Pervyj Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj medicinskij universitet imeni akademika I. P. Pavlova, Sankt Peterburg, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Kolpakova
- 1 Pervyj Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj medicinskij universitet imeni akademika I. P. Pavlova, Sankt Peterburg, Russian Federation
| | - Timur Vlasov
- 1 Pervyj Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj medicinskij universitet imeni akademika I. P. Pavlova, Sankt Peterburg, Russian Federation
- 2 Nacional'nyj medicinskij issledovatel'skij centr imeni V A Almazova, Sankt Peterburg, Russian Federation
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Fang Y, Jiang D, Wang Y, Wang Q, Lv D, Liu J, Liu C. Neuroprotection of rhGLP‐1 in diabetic rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulation of oxidative stress, EAAT2, and apoptosis. Drug Dev Res 2018; 79:249-259. [PMID: 30222190 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- Department of Pharmacy Peking University People's Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Daoli Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Peking University People's Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy Peking University Health Science Center Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Peking University People's Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jichao Liu
- Animal Experimental Center Peking University People's Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou People's Republic of China
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48
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El-Marasy SA, Abdel-Rahman RF, Abd-Elsalam RM. Neuroprotective effect of vildagliptin against cerebral ischemia in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1133-1145. [PMID: 30022232 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death worldwide. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a class of anti-diabetic drugs for treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, independent of its anti-diabetic properties in non-diabetic rats subjected to cerebral ischemia. Anesthetized Wistar rats were subjected to either left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham operation followed by reperfusion after 30 min of MCAO. The other three groups were orally administered vildagliptin at 3 dose levels (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) for 3 successive weeks before subjected to left focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and till the end of the study. Neurological deficit scores and motor activity were assessed 24 h following reperfusion. Forty-eight hours following reperfusion, rats were euthanized and their left brain hemispheres were harvested and used in biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations. Vildagliptin pretreatment improved neurological deficit score, locomotor activity, and motor coordination in MCAO rats. Moreover, vildagliptin reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), elevated reduced glutathione (GSH), phosphotylinosital 3 kinase (PI3K), phosphoryated of protein kinase B (p-AKT), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) brain contents in addition to reducing protein expression of caspase-3. Also, vildagliptin showed a dose-dependent attenuation in neuronal cell loss and histopathological alterations in MCAO rats. This study proves that vildagliptin exerted a neuroprotective effect in a dose-dependent manner as shown in the attenuation of the infarct area, neuronal cell loss, and histopathological damage in MCAO rats, which may be mediated by attenuating neuronal and motor deficits, its antioxidant property, activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and its anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A El-Marasy
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | | | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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49
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He W, Tian X, Lv M, Wang H. Liraglutide Protects Neurite Outgrowth of Cortical Neurons Under Oxidative Stress though Activating the Wnt Pathway. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2696-2702. [PMID: 30042033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenesis including neurite outgrowth is important for brain plasticity under physiological conditions and in brain repair after injury. Liraglutide has been found to have neuroprotective action in the risk of central nervous system disease. However, the effect and the potential mechanism of liraglutide-induced neurite outgrowth in primary cortical neurons under oxidative stress remain poorly documented. METHODS In the text, H2O2 was used to mimic ischemia injury in primary cortical neurons. The viability and apoptosis of cell was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Hoechst 33342. Immunofluorescence method was used to examine the effect of liraglutide on neurite outgrowth in cortical neuron under H2O2 condition. Then, the potential mechanisms involving the Wnt pathway were investigated. The expression of β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS Liraglutide significantly increased the viability and alleviated the apoptosis rate of cortical neurons induced by H2O2. Next, liraglutide promoted neurite outgrowth, which could be partially inhibited by the Wnt pathway inhibitor Xav939. Besides, liraglutide induced an increase of β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 levels, which could also be blocked in the presence of Xav939. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate that liraglutide exerts neurotrophin-like activity in cortical neurons under oxidative stress condition, partly through activating the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang He
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xiaochao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Mimi Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China.
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50
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Moustafa PE, Abdelkader NF, El Awdan SA, El-Shabrawy OA, Zaki HF. Liraglutide ameliorated peripheral neuropathy in diabetic rats: Involvement of oxidative stress, inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling. J Neurochem 2018; 146:173-185. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha F. Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | | | | | - Hala F. Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
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