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Rahimi S, Joyce L, Fenzl T, Drexel M. Crosstalk between the subiculum and sleep-wake regulation: A review. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14134. [PMID: 38196146 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The circuitry underlying the initiation, maintenance, and coordination of wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep, and non-rapid eye movement sleep is not thoroughly understood. Sleep is thought to arise due to decreased activity in the ascending reticular arousal system, which originates in the brainstem and awakens the thalamus and cortex during wakefulness. Despite the conventional association of sleep-wake states with hippocampal rhythms, the mutual influence of the hippocampal formation in regulating vigilance states has been largely neglected. Here, we focus on the subiculum, the main output region of the hippocampal formation. The subiculum, particulary the ventral part, sends extensive monosynaptic projections to crucial regions implicated in sleep-wake regulation, including the thalamus, lateral hypothalamus, tuberomammillary nucleus, basal forebrain, ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, ventrolateral tegmental area, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Additionally, second-order projections from the subiculum are received by the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, locus coeruleus, and median raphe nucleus, suggesting the potential involvement of the subiculum in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. We also discuss alterations in the subiculum observed in individuals with sleep disorders and in sleep-deprived mice, underscoring the significance of investigating neuronal communication between the subiculum and pathways promoting both sleep and wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leesa Joyce
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Fenzl
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Meinrad Drexel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Zhang H, Zhu Z, Ma WX, Kong LX, Yuan PC, Bu LF, Han J, Huang ZL, Wang YQ. The contribution of periaqueductal gray in the regulation of physiological and pathological behaviors. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1380171. [PMID: 38650618 PMCID: PMC11034386 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1380171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Periaqueductal gray (PAG), an integration center for neuronal signals, is located in the midbrain and regulates multiple physiological and pathological behaviors, including pain, defensive and aggressive behaviors, anxiety and depression, cardiovascular response, respiration, and sleep-wake behaviors. Due to the different neuroanatomical connections and functional characteristics of the four functional columns of PAG, different subregions of PAG synergistically regulate various instinctual behaviors. In the current review, we summarized the role and possible neurobiological mechanism of different subregions of PAG in the regulation of pain, defensive and aggressive behaviors, anxiety, and depression from the perspective of the up-down neuronal circuits of PAG. Furthermore, we proposed the potential clinical applications of PAG. Knowledge of these aspects will give us a better understanding of the key role of PAG in physiological and pathological behaviors and provide directions for future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Xiang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Xi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Chuan Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Li-Fang Bu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Han
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Shupe EA, Kerman IA, Clinton SM. Premotor projections from the locus coeruleus and periaqueductal grey are altered in two rat models with inborn differences in emotional behavior. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:857-867. [PMID: 38358538 PMCID: PMC10972925 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Emotionally motivated behaviors rely on the coordinated activity of descending neural circuits involved in motor and autonomic functions. Using a pseudorabies (PRV) tract-tracing approach in typically behaving rats, our group previously identified descending premotor, presympathetic, and dual-labeled premotor-presympathetic populations throughout the central rostral-caudal axis. The premotor-presympathetic populations are thought to integrate somatomotor and sympathetic activity. To determine whether these circuits are dysregulated in subjects with altered emotional regulation, subsequent neuroanatomical analyses were performed in male subjects of two distinct genetic models relevant to clinical depression and anxiety: the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat and selectively bred Low Novelty Responder (bLR) rat. The present study explored alterations in premotor efferents from locus coeruleus (LC) and subdivisions of the periaqueductal grey (PAG), two areas involved in emotionally motivated behaviors. Compared to Sprague Dawley rats, WKY rats had significantly fewer premotor projections to hindlimb skeletal muscle from the LC and from the dorsomedial (DMPAG), lateral (LPAG), and ventrolateral (VLPAG) subdivisions of PAG. Relative to selectively bred High Novelty Responder (bHR) rats, bLR rats had significantly fewer premotor efferents from LC and dorsolateral PAG (DLPAG). Cumulatively, these results demonstrate that somatomotor circuitry in several brain areas involved in responses to stress and emotional stimuli are altered in rat models with depression-relevant phenotypes. These somatomotor circuit differences could be implicated in motor-related impairments in clinically depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilan A Kerman
- Behavioral Service Line, Veterans Affairs Minneapolis Health Care, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah M Clinton
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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4
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Chancel A, Fort P, Luppi PH. The role of the hypothalamic Lhx6 GABAergic neurons in REM sleep control. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad331. [PMID: 38159085 PMCID: PMC10925945 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amarine Chancel
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, SLEEP Team, Bron, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, SLEEP Team, Bron, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, SLEEP Team, Bron, France
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5
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Vetrivelan R, Bandaru SS. Neural Control of REM Sleep and Motor Atonia: Current Perspectives. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023; 23:907-923. [PMID: 38060134 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the formal discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in 1953, we have gained a vast amount of knowledge regarding the specific populations of neurons, their connections, and synaptic mechanisms regulating this stage of sleep and its accompanying features. This article discusses REM sleep circuits and their dysfunction, specifically emphasizing recent studies using conditional genetic tools. RECENT FINDINGS Sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD) in the dorsolateral pons, especially the glutamatergic subpopulation in this region (SLDGlut), are shown to be indispensable for REM sleep. These neurons appear to be single REM generators in the rodent brain and may initiate and orchestrate all REM sleep events, including cortical and hippocampal activation and muscle atonia through distinct pathways. However, several cell groups in the brainstem and hypothalamus may influence SLDGlut neuron activity, thereby modulating REM sleep timing, amounts, and architecture. Damage to SLDGlut neurons or their projections involved in muscle atonia leads to REM behavior disorder, whereas the abnormal activation of this pathway during wakefulness may underlie cataplexy in narcolepsy. Despite some opposing views, it has become evident that SLDGlut neurons are the sole generators of REM sleep and its associated characteristics. Further research should prioritize a deeper understanding of their cellular, synaptic, and molecular properties, as well as the mechanisms that trigger their activation during cataplexy and make them susceptible in RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Sathyajit Sai Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Concetti C, Peleg-Raibstein D, Burdakov D. Hypothalamic MCH Neurons: From Feeding to Cognitive Control. FUNCTION 2023; 5:zqad059. [PMID: 38020069 PMCID: PMC10667013 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern neuroscience is progressively elucidating that the classic view positing distinct brain regions responsible for survival, emotion, and cognitive functions is outdated. The hypothalamus demonstrates the interdependence of these roles, as it is traditionally known for fundamental survival functions like energy and electrolyte balance, but is now recognized to also play a crucial role in emotional and cognitive processes. This review focuses on lateral hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons, producing the neuropeptide MCH-a relatively understudied neuronal population with integrative functions related to homeostatic regulation and motivated behaviors, with widespread inputs and outputs throughout the entire central nervous system. Here, we review early findings and recent literature outlining their role in the regulation of energy balance, sleep, learning, and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Concetti
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
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Bouâouda H, Jha PK. Orexin and MCH neurons: regulators of sleep and metabolism. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1230428. [PMID: 37674517 PMCID: PMC10478345 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1230428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake and fasting-feeding are tightly coupled behavioral states that require coordination between several brain regions. The mammalian lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a functionally and anatomically complex brain region harboring heterogeneous cell populations that regulate sleep, feeding, and energy metabolism. Significant attempts were made to understand the cellular and circuit bases of LH actions. Rapid advancements in genetic and electrophysiological manipulation help to understand the role of discrete LH cell populations. The opposing action of LH orexin/hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons on metabolic sensing and sleep-wake regulation make them the candidate to explore in detail. This review surveys the molecular, genetic, and neuronal components of orexin and MCH signaling in the regulation of sleep and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Bouâouda
- Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pawan Kumar Jha
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Sulaman BA, Wang S, Tyan J, Eban-Rothschild A. Neuro-orchestration of sleep and wakefulness. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:196-212. [PMID: 36581730 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although considered an inactive state for centuries, sleep entails many active processes occurring at the cellular, circuit and organismal levels. Over the last decade, several key technological advances, including calcium imaging and optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations, have facilitated a detailed understanding of the functions of different neuronal populations and circuits in sleep-wake regulation. Here, we present recent progress and summarize our current understanding of the circuitry underlying the initiation, maintenance and coordination of wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS). We propose a de-arousal model for sleep initiation, in which the neuromodulatory milieu necessary for sleep initiation is achieved by engaging in repetitive pre-sleep behaviors that gradually reduce vigilance to the external environment and wake-promoting neuromodulatory tone. We also discuss how brain processes related to thermoregulation, hunger and fear intersect with sleep-wake circuits to control arousal. Lastly, we discuss controversies and lingering questions in the sleep field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi A Sulaman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jean Tyan
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Kroeger D, Vetrivelan R. To sleep or not to sleep - Effects on memory in normal aging and disease. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100068. [PMID: 36911260 PMCID: PMC9997183 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep behavior undergoes significant changes across the lifespan, and aging is associated with marked alterations in sleep amounts and quality. The primary sleep changes in healthy older adults include a shift in sleep timing, reduced slow-wave sleep, and impaired sleep maintenance. However, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders are more common among the elderly, which further worsen their sleep health. Irrespective of the cause, insufficient sleep adversely affects various bodily functions including energy metabolism, mood, and cognition. In this review, we will focus on the cognitive changes associated with inadequate sleep during normal aging and the underlying neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kroeger
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
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10
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Kroeger D, Thundercliffe J, Phung A, De Luca R, Geraci C, Bragg S, McCafferty KJ, Bandaru SS, Arrigoni E, Scammell TE. Glutamatergic pedunculopontine tegmental neurons control wakefulness and locomotion via distinct axonal projections. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac242. [PMID: 36170177 PMCID: PMC9742893 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT) nucleus is implicated in many brain functions, ranging from sleep/wake control and locomotion, to reward mechanisms and learning. The PPT contains cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons with extensive ascending and descending axonal projections. Glutamatergic PPT (PPTvGlut2) neurons are thought to promote wakefulness, but the mechanisms through which this occurs are unknown. In addition, some researchers propose that PPTvGlut2 neurons promote locomotion, yet even though the PPT is a target for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease, the role of the PPT in locomotion is debated. We hypothesized that PPTvGluT2 neurons drive arousal and specific waking behaviors via certain projections and modulate locomotion via others. METHODS We mapped the axonal projections of PPTvGlut2 neurons using conditional anterograde tracing and then photostimulated PPTvGlut2 soma or their axon terminal fields across sleep/wake states and analyzed sleep/wake behavior, muscle activity, and locomotion in transgenic mice. RESULTS We found that stimulation of PPTvGlut2 soma and their axon terminals rapidly triggered arousals from non-rapid eye movement sleep, especially with activation of terminals in the basal forebrain (BF) and lateral hypothalamus (LH). With photoactivation of PPTvGlut2 terminals in the BF and LH, this wakefulness was accompanied by locomotion and other active behaviors, but stimulation of PPTvGlut2 soma and terminals in the substantia nigra triggered only quiet wakefulness without locomotion. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the importance of the PPTvGluT2 neurons in driving various aspects of arousal and show that heterogeneous brain nuclei, such as the PPT, can promote a variety of behaviors via distinct axonal projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kroeger
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jack Thundercliffe
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex Phung
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn Geraci
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Bragg
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kayleen J McCafferty
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sathyajit S Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Scammell
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Guo R, Wang Y, Yan R, Chen B, Ding W, Gorczyca MT, Ozsoy S, Cai L, Hines RL, Tseng GC, Allocca G, Dong Y, Fang J, Huang YH. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Engages Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neurons to Reduce Cocaine Seeking. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:880-894. [PMID: 35953320 PMCID: PMC9872495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent sleep disruptions following withdrawal from abused drugs may hold keys to battle drug relapse. It is posited that there may be sleep signatures that predict relapse propensity, identifying which may open new avenues for treating substance use disorders. METHODS We trained male rats (approximately postnatal day 56) to self-administer cocaine. After long-term drug withdrawal (approximately postnatal day 100), we examined the correlations between the intensity of cocaine seeking and key sleep features. To test for causal relationships, we then used behavioral, chemogenetic, or optogenetic methods to selectively increase rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and measured behavioral and electrophysiological outcomes to probe for cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying REMS-mediated regulation of cocaine seeking. RESULTS A selective set of REMS features was preferentially associated with the intensity of cue-induced cocaine seeking after drug withdrawal. Moreover, selectively increasing REMS time and continuity by environmental warming attenuated a withdrawal time-dependent intensification of cocaine seeking, or incubation of cocaine craving, suggesting that REMS may benefit withdrawal. Warming increased the activity of lateral hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons selectively during prolonged REMS episodes and counteracted cocaine-induced synaptic accumulation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens-a critical substrate for incubation. Finally, the warming effects were partly mimicked by chemogenetic or optogenetic stimulations of MCH neurons during sleep, or intra-accumbens infusions of MCH peptide during the rat's inactive phase. CONCLUSIONS REMS may encode individual vulnerability to relapse, and MCH neuron activities can be selectively targeted during REMS to reduce drug relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rongzhen Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wanqiao Ding
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael T Gorczyca
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sahin Ozsoy
- Somnivore Pty. Ltd., Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Australia
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel L Hines
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Giancarlo Allocca
- Somnivore Pty. Ltd., Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jidong Fang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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12
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Chen ZK, Dong H, Liu CW, Liu WY, Zhao YN, Xu W, Sun X, Xiong YY, Liu YY, Yuan XS, Wang B, Lazarus M, Chérasse Y, Li YD, Han F, Qu WM, Ding FF, Huang ZL. A cluster of mesopontine GABAergic neurons suppresses REM sleep and curbs cataplexy. Cell Discov 2022; 8:115. [PMID: 36280664 PMCID: PMC9592589 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological rapid eye movement (REM) sleep termination is vital for initiating non-REM (NREM) sleep or arousal, whereas the suppression of excessive REM sleep is promising in treating narcolepsy. However, the neuronal mechanisms controlling REM sleep termination and keeping sleep continuation remain largely unknown. Here, we reveal a key brainstem region of GABAergic neurons in the control of both physiological REM sleep and cataplexy. Using fiber photometry and optic tetrode recording, we characterized the dorsal part of the deep mesencephalic nucleus (dDpMe) GABAergic neurons as REM relatively inactive and two different firing patterns under spontaneous sleep–wake cycles. Next, we investigated the roles of dDpMe GABAergic neuronal circuits in brain state regulation using optogenetics, RNA interference technology, and celltype-specific lesion. Physiologically, dDpMe GABAergic neurons causally suppressed REM sleep and promoted NREM sleep through the sublaterodorsal nucleus and lateral hypothalamus. In-depth studies of neural circuits revealed that sublaterodorsal nucleus glutamatergic neurons were essential for REM sleep termination by dDpMe GABAergic neurons. In addition, dDpMe GABAergic neurons efficiently suppressed cataplexy in a rodent model. Our results demonstrated that dDpMe GABAergic neurons controlled REM sleep termination along with REM/NREM transitions and represented a novel potential target to treat narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ka Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ying Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Yu Xiong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Yuan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Lazarus
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yoan Chérasse
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ya-Dong Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Han
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Fei Ding
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Potter LE, Burgess CR. The melanin-concentrating hormone system as a target for the treatment of sleep disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:952275. [PMID: 36177357 PMCID: PMC9513178 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.952275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the widespread prevalence of sleep disorders and their impacts on health, it is critical that researchers continue to identify and evaluate novel avenues of treatment. Recently the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system has attracted commercial and scientific interest as a potential target of pharmacotherapy for sleep disorders. This interest emerges from basic scientific research demonstrating a role for MCH in regulating sleep, and particularly REM sleep. In addition to this role in sleep regulation, the MCH system and the MCH receptor 1 (MCHR1) have been implicated in a wide variety of other physiological functions and behaviors, including feeding/metabolism, reward, anxiety, depression, and learning. The basic research literature on sleep and the MCH system, and the history of MCH drug development, provide cause for both skepticism and cautious optimism about the prospects of MCH-targeting drugs in sleep disorders. Extensive efforts have focused on developing MCHR1 antagonists for use in obesity, however, few of these drugs have advanced to clinical trials, and none have gained regulatory approval. Additional basic research will be needed to fully characterize the MCH system’s role in sleep regulation, for example, to fully differentiate between MCH-neuron and peptide/receptor-mediated functions. Additionally, a number of issues relating to drug design will continue to pose a practical challenge for novel pharmacotherapies targeting the MCH system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam E. Potter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Liam E. Potter,
| | - Christian R. Burgess
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Christian R. Burgess,
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14
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Roles of Neuropeptides in Sleep-Wake Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094599. [PMID: 35562990 PMCID: PMC9103574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep and wakefulness are basic behavioral states that require coordination between several brain regions, and they involve multiple neurochemical systems, including neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are a group of peptides produced by neurons and neuroendocrine cells of the central nervous system. Like traditional neurotransmitters, neuropeptides can bind to specific surface receptors and subsequently regulate neuronal activities. For example, orexin is a crucial component for the maintenance of wakefulness and the suppression of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In addition to orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, and galanin may promote REM sleep. These results suggest that neuropeptides play an important role in sleep–wake regulation. These neuropeptides can be divided into three categories according to their effects on sleep–wake behaviors in rodents and humans. (i) Galanin, melanin-concentrating hormone, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are sleep-promoting peptides. It is also noticeable that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide particularly increases REM sleep. (ii) Orexin and neuropeptide S have been shown to induce wakefulness. (iii) Neuropeptide Y and substance P may have a bidirectional function as they can produce both arousal and sleep-inducing effects. This review will introduce the distribution of various neuropeptides in the brain and summarize the roles of different neuropeptides in sleep–wake regulation. We aim to lay the foundation for future studies to uncover the mechanisms that underlie the initiation, maintenance, and end of sleep–wake states.
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15
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Van Egroo M, Koshmanova E, Vandewalle G, Jacobs HI. Importance of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in sleep-wake regulation: implications for aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 62:101592. [PMID: 35124476 PMCID: PMC9064973 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Five decades ago, seminal studies positioned the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) system as a key substrate for the regulation of wakefulness and sleep, and this picture has recently been elaborated thanks to methodological advances in the precise investigation and experimental modulation of LC structure and functions. This review presents and discusses findings that support the major role of the LC-NE system at different levels of sleep-wake organization, ranging from its involvement in the overall architecture of the sleep-wake cycle to its associations with sleep microstructure, while accounting for the intricate neuroanatomy surrounding the LC. Given the particular position held by the LC-NE system by being at the intersection of sleep-wake dysregulation and initial pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we conclude by examining emerging opportunities to investigate LC-NE mediated relationships between sleep-wake alteration and AD in human aging. We further propose several research perspectives that could support the LC-NE system as a promising target for the identification of at-risk individuals in the preclinical stages of AD, and for the development of novel preventive interventions.
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16
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A probabilistic model for the ultradian timing of REM sleep in mice. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009316. [PMID: 34432801 PMCID: PMC8423363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A salient feature of mammalian sleep is the alternation between rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. However, how these two sleep stages influence each other and thereby regulate the timing of REM sleep episodes is still largely unresolved. Here, we developed a statistical model that specifies the relationship between REM and subsequent NREM sleep to quantify how REM sleep affects the following NREM sleep duration and its electrophysiological features in mice. We show that a lognormal mixture model well describes how the preceding REM sleep duration influences the amount of NREM sleep till the next REM sleep episode. The model supports the existence of two different types of sleep cycles: Short cycles form closely interspaced sequences of REM sleep episodes, whereas during long cycles, REM sleep is first followed by an interval of NREM sleep during which transitions to REM sleep are extremely unlikely. This refractory period is characterized by low power in the theta and sigma range of the electroencephalogram (EEG), low spindle rate and frequent microarousals, and its duration proportionally increases with the preceding REM sleep duration. Using our model, we estimated the propensity for REM sleep at the transition from NREM to REM sleep and found that entering REM sleep with higher propensity resulted in longer REM sleep episodes with reduced EEG power. Compared with the light phase, the buildup of REM sleep propensity was slower during the dark phase. Our data-driven modeling approach uncovered basic principles underlying the timing and duration of REM sleep episodes in mice and provides a flexible framework to describe the ultradian regulation of REM sleep in health and disease.
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17
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Yoshino K, Inomoto S, Iyama A, Sakoda S. Dynamic sleep stage transition process analysis in patients with Parkinson's disease having sleep apnea syndrome. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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18
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Bandaru SS, Khanday MA, Ibrahim N, Naganuma F, Vetrivelan R. Sleep-Wake Control by Melanin-Concentrating Hormone (MCH) Neurons: a Review of Recent Findings. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2020; 20:55. [PMID: 33006677 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-020-01075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-expressing neurons located in the lateral hypothalamus are considered as an integral component of sleep-wake circuitry. However, the precise role of MCH neurons in sleep-wake regulation has remained unclear, despite several years of research employing a wide range of techniques. We review recent data on this aspect, which are mostly inconsistent, and propose a novel role for MCH neurons in sleep regulation. RECENT FINDINGS While almost all studies using "gain-of-function" approaches show an increase in rapid eye movement sleep (or paradoxical sleep; PS), loss-of-function approaches have not shown reductions in PS. Similarly, the reported changes in wakefulness or non-rapid eye movement sleep (slow-wave sleep; SWS) with manipulation of the MCH system using conditional genetic methods are inconsistent. Currently available data do not support a role for MCH neurons in spontaneous sleep-wake but imply a crucial role for them in orchestrating sleep-wake responses to changes in external and internal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyajit S Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle, Center for Life Science # 711, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mudasir A Khanday
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle, Center for Life Science # 711, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nazifa Ibrahim
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle, Center for Life Science # 711, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Fumito Naganuma
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle, Center for Life Science # 711, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle, Center for Life Science # 711, Boston, MA, USA. .,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Park SH, Weber F. Neural and Homeostatic Regulation of REM Sleep. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1662. [PMID: 32793050 PMCID: PMC7385183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a distinct, homeostatically controlled brain state characterized by an activated electroencephalogram (EEG) in combination with paralysis of skeletal muscles and is associated with vivid dreaming. Understanding how REM sleep is controlled requires identification of the neural circuits underlying its initiation and maintenance, and delineation of the homeostatic processes regulating its expression on multiple timescales. Soon after its discovery in humans in 1953, the pons was demonstrated to be necessary and sufficient for the generation of REM sleep. But, especially within the last decade, researchers have identified further neural populations in the hypothalamus, midbrain, and medulla that regulate REM sleep by either promoting or suppressing this brain state. The discovery of these populations was greatly facilitated by the availability of novel technologies for the dissection of neural circuits. Recent quantitative models integrate findings about the activity and connectivity of key neurons and knowledge about homeostatic mechanisms to explain the dynamics underlying the recurrence of REM sleep. For the future, combining quantitative with experimental approaches to directly test model predictions and to refine existing models will greatly advance our understanding of the neural and homeostatic processes governing the regulation of REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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20
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Izawa S, Chowdhury S, Miyazaki T, Mukai Y, Ono D, Inoue R, Ohmura Y, Mizoguchi H, Kimura K, Yoshioka M, Terao A, Kilduff TS, Yamanaka A. REM sleep-active MCH neurons are involved in forgetting hippocampus-dependent memories. Science 2020; 365:1308-1313. [PMID: 31604241 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax9238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying memory regulation during sleep are not yet fully understood. We found that melanin concentrating hormone-producing neurons (MCH neurons) in the hypothalamus actively contribute to forgetting in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Hypothalamic MCH neurons densely innervated the dorsal hippocampus. Activation or inhibition of MCH neurons impaired or improved hippocampus-dependent memory, respectively. Activation of MCH nerve terminals in vitro reduced firing of hippocampal pyramidal neurons by increasing inhibitory inputs. Wake- and REM sleep-active MCH neurons were distinct populations that were randomly distributed in the hypothalamus. REM sleep state-dependent inhibition of MCH neurons impaired hippocampus-dependent memory without affecting sleep architecture or quality. REM sleep-active MCH neurons in the hypothalamus are thus involved in active forgetting in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Izawa
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Srikanta Chowdhury
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Toh Miyazaki
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Mukai
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ono
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yu Ohmura
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizoguchi
- Research Center for Next-Generation Drug Development, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshioka
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akira Terao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.,School of Biological Sciences, Tokai University, Sapporo 005-8601, Japan
| | - Thomas S Kilduff
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. .,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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21
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Gompf HS, Anaclet C. The neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of sleep-wake control. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 15:143-151. [PMID: 32647777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-wake control is dependent upon multiple brain areas widely distributed throughout the neural axis. Historically, the monoaminergic and cholinergic neurons of the ascending arousal system were the first to be discovered, and it was only relatively recently that GABAergic and glutamatergic wake- and sleep-promoting populations have been identified. Contemporary advances in molecular-genetic tools have revealed both the complexity and heterogeneity of GABAergic NREM sleep-promoting neurons as well as REM sleep-regulating populations in the brainstem such as glutamatergic neurons in the sublaterodorsal nucleus. The sleep-wake cycle progresses from periods of wakefulness to non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and subsequently rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Each vigilance stage is controlled by multiple neuronal populations, via a complex regulation that is still incompletely understood. In recent years the field has seen a proliferation in the identification and characterization of new neuronal populations involved in sleep-wake control thanks to newer, more powerful molecular genetic tools that are able to reveal neurophysiological functions via selective activation, inhibition and lesion of neuroanatomically defined sub-types of neurons that are widespread in the brain, such as GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons.1,2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich S Gompf
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christelle Anaclet
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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22
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Thorpy MJ, Bogan RK. Update on the pharmacologic management of narcolepsy: mechanisms of action and clinical implications. Sleep Med 2019; 68:97-109. [PMID: 32032921 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a chronic, debilitating neurological disorder of sleep-wake state instability. This instability underlies all narcolepsy symptoms, including excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), symptoms of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dysregulation (ie, cataplexy, hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, sleep paralysis), and disrupted nighttime sleep. Several neurotransmitter systems promote wakefulness, and various neural pathways are involved in regulating REM sleep-related muscle atonia, providing multiple targets for pharmacologic intervention to reduce EDS and cataplexy. Medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of EDS in narcolepsy include traditional stimulants (eg, amphetamines, methylphenidate), wake-promoting agents (eg, modafinil, armodafinil), and solriamfetol, which mainly act on dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways. Sodium oxybate (thought to act via GABAB receptors) is FDA-approved for the treatment of EDS and cataplexy. Pitolisant, a histamine 3 (H3)-receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, is approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of narcolepsy with or without cataplexy in adults and by the FDA for the treatment of EDS in adults with narcolepsy. Pitolisant increases the synthesis and release of histamine in the brain and modulates the release of other neurotransmitters (eg, norepinephrine, dopamine). Antidepressants that inhibit reuptake of serotonin and/or norepinephrine are widely used off label to manage cataplexy. In many patients with narcolepsy, combination treatment with medications that act via different neural pathways is necessary for optimal symptom management. Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and abuse potential are important considerations in treatment selection and subsequent medication adjustments to maximize efficacy and mitigate adverse effects in the treatment of patients with narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Thorpy
- Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3411 Wayne Ave, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.
| | - Richard K Bogan
- SleepMed Inc., Bogan Sleep Consultants, LLC, 1333 Taylor Street, Columbia, SC, USA.
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23
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Komagata N, Latifi B, Rusterholz T, Bassetti CLA, Adamantidis A, Schmidt MH. Dynamic REM Sleep Modulation by Ambient Temperature and the Critical Role of the Melanin-Concentrating Hormone System. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1976-1987.e4. [PMID: 31155350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperature (Ta) warming toward the high end of the thermoneutral zone (TNZ) preferentially increases rapid eye movement (REM) sleep over non-REM (NREM) sleep across species. The control and function of this temperature-induced REM sleep expression have remained unknown. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons play an important role in REM sleep control. We hypothesize that the MCH system may modulate REM sleep as a function of Ta. Here, we show that wild-type (WT) mice dynamically increased REM sleep durations specifically during warm Ta pulsing within the TNZ, compared to both the TNZ cool and baseline constant Ta conditions, without significantly affecting either wake or NREM sleep durations. However, genetically engineered MCH receptor-1 knockout (MCHR1-KO) mice showed no significant changes in REM sleep as a function of Ta, even with increased sleep pressure following a 4-h sleep deprivation. Using MCH-cre mice transduced with channelrhodopsin, we then optogenetically activated MCH neurons time locked with Ta warming, showing an increase in REM sleep expression beyond what Ta warming in yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) control mice achieved. Finally, in mice transduced with archaerhodopsin-T, semi-chronic optogenetic MCH neuronal silencing during Ta warming completely blocked the increase in REM sleep seen in YFP controls. These data demonstrate a previously unknown role for the MCH system in the dynamic output expression of REM sleep during Ta manipulation. These findings are consistent with the energy allocation hypothesis of sleep function, suggesting that endotherms have evolved neural circuits to opportunistically express REM sleep when the need for thermoregulatory defense is minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmie Komagata
- Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Blerina Latifi
- Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rusterholz
- Center for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio L A Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Adamantidis
- Center for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus H Schmidt
- Center for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Ohio Sleep Medicine Institute, 4975 Bradenton Avenue, Dublin, OH 43017, USA.
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