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O'Brien JA, Austin PJ. Minocycline Abrogates Individual Differences in Nerve Injury-Evoked Affective Disturbances in Male Rats and Prevents Associated Supraspinal Neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:30. [PMID: 38878098 PMCID: PMC11180027 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain precipitates a complex range of affective and behavioural disturbances that differ markedly between individuals. While the reasons for differences in pain-related disability are not well understood, supraspinal neuroimmune interactions are implicated. Minocycline has antidepressant effects in humans and attenuates affective disturbances in rodent models of pain, and acts by reducing neuroinflammation in both the spinal cord and brain. Previous studies, however, tend not to investigate how minocycline modulates individual affective responses to nerve injury, or rely on non-naturalistic behavioural paradigms that fail to capture the complexity of rodent behaviour. We investigated the development and resolution of pain-related affective disturbances in nerve-injured male rats by measuring multiple spontaneous ethological endpoints on a longitudinal naturalistic foraging paradigm, and the effect of chronic oral minocycline administration on these changes. Disrupted foraging behaviours appeared in 22% of nerve-injured rats - termed 'affected' rats - and were present at day 14 but partially resolved by day 21 post-injury. Minocycline completely prevented the emergence of an affected subgroup while only partly attenuating mechanical allodynia, dissociating the relationship between pain and affect. This was associated with a lasting downregulation of ΔFosB expression in ventral hippocampal neurons at day 21 post-injury. Markers of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation were not present by day 21, however proinflammatory microglial polarisation was apparent in the medial prefrontal cortex of affected rats and not in CCI minocycline rats. Individual differences in affective disturbances following nerve injury are therefore temporally related to altered microglial morphology and hippocampal neuronal activation, and are abrogated by minocycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden A O'Brien
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul J Austin
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Han S, Wang J, Zhang W, Tian X. Chronic Pain-Related Cognitive Deficits: Preclinical Insights into Molecular, Cellular, and Circuit Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04073-z. [PMID: 38470516 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity of chronic pain, significantly disrupting patients' quality of life. Despite this comorbidity being clinically recognized, the underlying neuropathological mechanisms remain unclear. Recent preclinical studies have focused on the fundamental mechanisms underlying the coexistence of chronic pain and cognitive decline. Pain chronification is accompanied by structural and functional changes in the neural substrate of cognition. Based on the developments in electrophysiology and optogenetics/chemogenetics, we summarized the relevant neural circuits involved in pain-induced cognitive impairment, as well as changes in connectivity and function in brain regions. We then present the cellular and molecular alternations related to pain-induced cognitive impairment in preclinical studies, mainly including modifications in neuronal excitability and structure, synaptic plasticity, glial cells and cytokines, neurotransmitters and other neurochemicals, and the gut-brain axis. Finally, we also discussed the potential treatment strategies and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuebi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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3
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He L, Zhang R, Yang M, Lu M. The role of astrocyte in neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166992. [PMID: 38128844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide, is a devastating condition characterized by initial mechanical damage followed by subsequent biochemical processes, including neuroinflammation. Astrocytes, the predominant glial cells in the central nervous system, play a vital role in maintaining brain homeostasis and supporting neuronal function. Nevertheless, in response to TBI, astrocytes undergo substantial phenotypic alternations and actively contribute to the neuroinflammatory response. This article explores the multifaceted involvement of astrocytes in neuroinflammation subsequent to TBI, with a particular emphasis on their activation, release of inflammatory mediators, modulation of the blood-brain barrier, and interactions with other immune cells. A comprehensive understanding the dynamic interplay between astrocytes and neuroinflammation in the condition of TBI can provide valuable insights into the development of innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating secondary damage and fostering neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China.
| | - Ruqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Maiqiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Meilin Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
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4
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Yao R, Man Y, Lu Y, Su Y, Zhou M, Wang S, Gu X, Wang R, Wu Y, Wang L. Infliximab alleviates memory impairment in rats with chronic pain by suppressing neuroinflammation and restoring hippocampal neurogenesis. Neuropharmacology 2024; 245:109813. [PMID: 38110173 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic pain commonly report impaired memory. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that inhibition of neurogenesis by neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in chronic pain-associated memory impairments. There is currently a lack of treatment strategies for this condition. An increasing number of clinical trials have reported the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory therapies targeting tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) for inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated whether infliximab alleviates chronic pain-associated memory impairments in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI). We demonstrated that infliximab alleviated spatial memory impairment and hyperalgesia induced by CCI. Furthermore, infliximab inhibited the activation of hippocampal astrocytes and microglia and decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines in CCI rats. Furthermore, infliximab reversed the decrease in the numbers of newborn neurons and mature neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) caused by chronic pain. Our data provide evidence that infliximab alleviates chronic pain-associated memory impairments, suppresses neuroinflammation and restores hippocampal neurogenesis in a CCI model. These facts indicate that infliximab may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of chronic pain and associated memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou, 22100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Man
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 22100, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 22100, China
| | - Yang Su
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 22100, China
| | - Meiyan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 22100, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 22100, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rongguo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 22100, China.
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 22100, China.
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 22100, China.
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5
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Lv XJ, Lv SS, Wang GH, Chang Y, Cai YQ, Liu HZ, Xu GZ, Xu WD, Zhang YQ. Glia-derived adenosine in the ventral hippocampus drives pain-related anxiodepression in a mouse model resembling trigeminal neuralgia. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:224-241. [PMID: 38244946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Glial activation and dysregulation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/adenosine are involved in the neuropathology of several neuropsychiatric illnesses. The ventral hippocampus (vHPC) has attracted considerable attention in relation to its role in emotional regulation. However, it is not yet clear how vHPC glia and their derived adenosine regulate the anxiodepressive-like consequences of chronic pain. Here, we report that chronic cheek pain elevates vHPC extracellular ATP/adenosine in a mouse model resembling trigeminal neuralgia (rTN), which mediates pain-related anxiodepression, through a mechanism that involves synergistic effects of astrocytes and microglia. We found that rTN resulted in robust activation of astrocytes and microglia in the CA1 area of the vHPC (vCA1). Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of astrocytes and connexin 43, a hemichannel mainly distributed in astrocytes, completely attenuated rTN-induced extracellular ATP/adenosine elevation and anxiodepressive-like behaviors. Moreover, inhibiting microglia and CD39, an enzyme primarily expressed in microglia that degrades ATP into adenosine, significantly suppressed the increase in extracellular adenosine and anxiodepressive-like behaviors. Blockade of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) alleviated rTN-induced anxiodepressive-like behaviors. Furthermore, interleukin (IL)-17A, a pro-inflammatory cytokine probably released by activated microglia, markedly increased intracellular calcium in vCA1 astrocytes and triggered ATP/adenosine release. The astrocytic metabolic inhibitor fluorocitrate and the CD39 inhibitor ARL 67156, attenuated IL-17A-induced increases in extracellular ATP and adenosine, respectively. In addition, astrocytes, microglia, CD39, and A2AR inhibitors all reversed rTN-induced hyperexcitability of pyramidal neurons in the vCA1. Taken together, these findings suggest that activation of astrocytes and microglia in the vCA1 increases extracellular adenosine, which leads to pain-related anxiodepression via A2AR activation. Approaches targeting astrocytes, microglia, and adenosine signaling may serve as novel therapies for pain-related anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jing Lv
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Su-Su Lv
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Hong Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Chang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Qi Cai
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui-Zhu Liu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang-Zhou Xu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200023, China.
| | - Wen-Dong Xu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Russo MA, Santarelli DM, Austin PJ, Graham BA. Progressing into a new paradigm: how we must leave the past behind if we want a change in pain research outcomes. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2024; 25:5-7. [PMID: 37669143 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Russo
- Hunter Pain Specialists, Broadmeadow, NSW 2292, Australia
- Genesis Research Services, Broadmeadow, NSW 2292, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | | | - Paul J Austin
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Brett A Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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7
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Smith PA. The Known Biology of Neuropathic Pain and Its Relevance to Pain Management. Can J Neurol Sci 2024; 51:32-39. [PMID: 36799022 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2023.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with neuropathic pain are heterogeneous in pathophysiology, etiology, and clinical presentation. Signs and symptoms are determined by the nature of the injury and factors such as genetics, sex, prior injury, age, culture, and environment. Basic science has provided general information about pain etiology by studying the consequences of peripheral injury in rodent models. This is associated with the release of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that sensitize sensory nerve endings, alter gene expression, promote post-translational modification of proteins, and alter ion channel function. This leads to spontaneous activity in primary afferent neurons that is crucial for the onset and persistence of pain and the release of secondary mediators such as colony-stimulating factor 1 from primary afferent terminals. These promote the release of tertiary mediators such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and interleukin-1β from microglia and astrocytes. Tertiary mediators facilitate the transmission of nociceptive information at the spinal, thalamic, and cortical levels. For the most part, these findings have failed to identify new therapeutic approaches. More recent basic science has better mirrored the clinical situation by addressing the pathophysiology associated with specific types of injury, refinement of methodology, and attention to various contributory factors such as sex. Improved quantification of sensory profiles in each patient and their distribution into defined clusters may improve translation between basic science and clinical practice. If such quantification can be traced back to cellular and molecular aspects of pathophysiology, this may lead to personalized medicine approaches that dictate a rational therapeutic approach for each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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8
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Duan Y, Li Q, Zhou Y, Chen S, Li Y, Zang Y. Activation of the TNF-α-Necroptosis Pathway in Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributes to Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15454. [PMID: 37895135 PMCID: PMC10607712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hyperexcitability of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated in the development of chronic pain. As one of the key causes of ACC hyperexcitation, disinhibition of the ACC may be closely related to the dysfunction of inhibitory parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons (PV-INs). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the ACC PV-INs injury remains unclear. The present study demonstrates that spared sciatic nerve injury (SNI) induces an imbalance in the excitation and inhibition (E/I) of the ACC. To test whether tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) upregulation in the ACC after SNI activates necroptosis and participates in PV-INs damage, we performed a differential analysis of transcriptome sequencing using data from neuropathic pain models and found that the expression of genes key to the TNF-α-necroptosis pathway were upregulated. TNF-α immunoreactivity (IR) signals in the ACCs of SNI rats were co-located with p-RIP3- and PV-IR, or p-MLKL- and PV-IR signals. We then systematically detected the expression and cell localization of necroptosis-related proteins, including kinase RIP1, RIP3, MLKL, and their phosphorylated states, in the ACC of SNI rats. Except for RIP1 and MLKL, the levels of these proteins were significantly elevated in the contralateral ACC and mainly expressed in PV-INs. Blocking the ACC TNF-α-necroptosis pathway by microinjecting TNF-α neutralizing antibody or using an siRNA knockdown to block expression of MLKL in the ACC alleviated SNI-induced pain hypersensitivity and inhibited the upregulation of TNF-α and p-MLKL. Targeting TNF-α-triggered necroptosis within ACC PV-INs may help to correct PV-INs injury and E/I imbalance in the ACC in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Pain Research Center, Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.D.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Pain Research Center, Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.D.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaohui Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Pain Research Center, Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.D.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shaoxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | - Yongyong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Pain Research Center, Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.D.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Zang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Pain Research Center, Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.D.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
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9
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Smith PA. Neuropathic pain; what we know and what we should do about it. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1220034. [PMID: 37810432 PMCID: PMC10559888 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1220034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain can result from injury to, or disease of the nervous system. It is notoriously difficult to treat. Peripheral nerve injury promotes Schwann cell activation and invasion of immunocompetent cells into the site of injury, spinal cord and higher sensory structures such as thalamus and cingulate and sensory cortices. Various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, monoamines and neuropeptides effect two-way signalling between neurons, glia and immune cells. This promotes sustained hyperexcitability and spontaneous activity in primary afferents that is crucial for onset and persistence of pain as well as misprocessing of sensory information in the spinal cord and supraspinal structures. Much of the current understanding of pain aetiology and identification of drug targets derives from studies of the consequences of peripheral nerve injury in rodent models. Although a vast amount of information has been forthcoming, the translation of this information into the clinical arena has been minimal. Few, if any, major therapeutic approaches have appeared since the mid 1990's. This may reflect failure to recognise differences in pain processing in males vs. females, differences in cellular responses to different types of injury and differences in pain processing in humans vs. animals. Basic science and clinical approaches which seek to bridge this knowledge gap include better assessment of pain in animal models, use of pain models which better emulate human disease, and stratification of human pain phenotypes according to quantitative assessment of signs and symptoms of disease. This can lead to more personalized and effective treatments for individual patients. Significance statement: There is an urgent need to find new treatments for neuropathic pain. Although classical animal models have revealed essential features of pain aetiology such as peripheral and central sensitization and some of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved, they do not adequately model the multiplicity of disease states or injuries that may bring forth neuropathic pain in the clinic. This review seeks to integrate information from the multiplicity of disciplines that seek to understand neuropathic pain; including immunology, cell biology, electrophysiology and biophysics, anatomy, cell biology, neurology, molecular biology, pharmacology and behavioral science. Beyond this, it underlines ongoing refinements in basic science and clinical practice that will engender improved approaches to pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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Zheng Y, Shao S, Zhang Y, Yuan S, Xing Y, Wang J, Qi X, Cui K, Tong J, Liu F, Cui S, Wan Y, Yi M. HCN2 Channels in the Ventral Hippocampal CA1 Regulate Nociceptive Hypersensitivity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13823. [PMID: 37762124 PMCID: PMC10531460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a significant health problem worldwide. Recent evidence has suggested that the ventral hippocampus is dysfunctional in humans and rodents, with decreased neuronal excitability and connectivity with other brain regions, parallel pain chronicity, and persistent nociceptive hypersensitivity. But the molecular mechanisms underlying hippocampal modulation of pain remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we used ex vivo whole-cell patch-clamp recording, immunofluorescence staining, and behavioral tests to examine whether hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels 2 (HCN2) in the ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) were involved in regulating nociceptive perception and CFA-induced inflammatory pain in mice. Reduced sag potential and firing rate of action potentials were observed in vCA1 pyramidal neurons from CFA-injected mice. Moreover, the expression of HCN2, but not HCN1, in vCA1 decreased in mice injected with CFA. HCN2 knockdown in vCA1 pyramidal neurons induced thermal hypersensitivity, whereas overexpression of HCN2 alleviated thermal hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of CFA in mice. Our findings suggest that HCN2 in the vCA1 plays an active role in pain modulation and could be a promising target for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zheng
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (S.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (X.Q.); (K.C.); (J.T.); (F.L.); (S.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shan Shao
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (S.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (X.Q.); (K.C.); (J.T.); (F.L.); (S.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Shulu Yuan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (S.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (X.Q.); (K.C.); (J.T.); (F.L.); (S.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuanwei Xing
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (S.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (X.Q.); (K.C.); (J.T.); (F.L.); (S.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (S.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (X.Q.); (K.C.); (J.T.); (F.L.); (S.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xuetao Qi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (S.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (X.Q.); (K.C.); (J.T.); (F.L.); (S.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kun Cui
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (S.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (X.Q.); (K.C.); (J.T.); (F.L.); (S.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jifu Tong
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (S.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (X.Q.); (K.C.); (J.T.); (F.L.); (S.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (S.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (X.Q.); (K.C.); (J.T.); (F.L.); (S.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shuang Cui
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (S.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (X.Q.); (K.C.); (J.T.); (F.L.); (S.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (S.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (X.Q.); (K.C.); (J.T.); (F.L.); (S.C.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (S.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (X.Q.); (K.C.); (J.T.); (F.L.); (S.C.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100101, China
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11
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Yoshimoto N, Nakamura Y, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Morioka N. Mitochondrial dysfunction and type I interferon signaling induce anxiodepressive-like behaviors in mice with neuropathic pain. Exp Neurol 2023; 367:114470. [PMID: 37327964 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that major depression is a common comorbidity of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain; however, the cellular basis for chronic pain-mediated major depression remains unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces neuroinflammation and has been implicated in various neurological diseases, including depression. Nevertheless, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and anxiodepressive-like behaviors in the neuropathic pain state remains unclear. The current study examined whether hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction and downstream neuroinflammation are involved in anxiodepressive-like behaviors in mice with neuropathic pain, which was induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). At 8 weeks after surgery, there was decreased levels of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, such as cytochrome c and mitochondrial transcription factor A, and increased level of cytosolic mitochondrial DNA in the contralateral hippocampus, suggesting the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. Type I interferon (IFN) mRNA expression in the hippocampus was also increased at 8 weeks after PSNL surgery. The restoration of mitochondrial function by curcumin blocked the increased cytosolic mitochondrial DNA and type I IFN expression in PSNL mice and improved anxiodepressive-like behaviors. Blockade of type I IFN signaling by anti-IFN alpha/beta receptor 1 antibody also improved anxiodepressive-like behaviors in PSNL mice. Together, these findings suggest that neuropathic pain induces hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction followed by neuroinflammation, which may contribute to anxiodepressive-behaviors in the neuropathic pain state. Improving mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting type I IFN signaling in the hippocampus might be a novel approach to reducing comorbidities associated with neuropathic pain, such as depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
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12
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Silva-Cardoso GK, Lazarini-Lopes W, Primini EO, Hallak JE, Crippa JA, Zuardi AW, Garcia-Cairasco N, Leite-Panissi CRA. Cannabidiol modulates chronic neuropathic pain aversion behavior by attenuation of neuroinflammation markers and neuronal activity in the corticolimbic circuit in male Wistar rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114588. [PMID: 37474023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is a vast world health problem often associated with the somatosensory domain. This conceptualization is problematic because, unlike most other sensations that are usually affectively neutral and may present emotional, affective, and cognitive impairments. Neuronal circuits that modulate pain can increase or decrease painful sensitivity based on several factors, including context and expectation. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether subchronic treatment with Cannabidiol (CBD; 0.3, 3, and 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal route - i.p., once a day for 3 days) could promote pain-conditioned reversal, in the conditioned place preference (CPP) test, in male Wistar rats submitted to chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Then, we evaluated the expression of astrocytes and microglia in animals treated with CBD through the immunofluorescence technique. Our results demonstrated that CBD promoted the reversal of CPP at 3 and 10 mg/kg. In CCI animals, CBD was able to attenuate the increase in neuronal hyperactivity, measured by FosB protein expression, in the regions of the corticolimbic circuit: anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), complex basolateral amygdala (BLA), granular layer of the dentate gyrus (GrDG), and dorsal hippocampus (DH) - adjacent to subiculum (CA1). CBD also prevented the increased expression of GFAP and IBA-1 in CCI animals. We concluded that CBD effects on CNP are linked to the modulation of the aversive component of pain. These effects decrease chronic neuronal activation and inflammatory markers in regions of the corticolimbic circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice K Silva-Cardoso
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Lazarini-Lopes
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Octaviano Primini
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christie R A Leite-Panissi
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Liu S, Lan XB, Tian MM, Zhu CH, Ma L, Yang JM, Du J, Zheng P, Yu JQ, Liu N. Targeting the chemokine ligand 2-chemokine receptor 2 axis provides the possibility of immunotherapy in chronic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175646. [PMID: 36907261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain affects patients' physical and psychological health and quality of life, entailing a tremendous public health challenge. Currently, drugs for chronic pain are usually associated with a large number of side effects and poor efficacy. Chemokines in the neuroimmune interface combine with their receptors to regulate inflammation or mediate neuroinflammation in the peripheral and central nervous system. Targeting chemokines and their receptor-mediated neuroinflammation is an effective means to treat chronic pain. In recent years, growing evidence has shown that the expression of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its main chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is involved in its occurrence, development and maintenance of chronic pain. This paper summarises the relationship between the chemokine system, CCL2/CCR2 axis, and chronic pain, and the CCL2/CCR2 axis changes under different chronic pain conditions. Targeting chemokine CCL2 and its chemokine receptor CCR2 through siRNA, blocking antibodies, or small molecule antagonists may provide new therapeutic possibilities for managing chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Miao-Miao Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Chun-Hao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jia-Mei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Special Traditional Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Special Traditional Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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14
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Astrocyte reactivity in the glia limitans superficialis of the rat medial prefrontal cortex following sciatic nerve injury. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 159:185-198. [PMID: 36326875 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The glia limitans superficialis (GLS) on the rodent cortical surface consists of astrocyte bodies intermingled with their cytoplasmic processes. Many studies have observed astrocyte reactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) parenchyma induced by a peripheral nerve injury, while the response of GLS astrocytes is still not fully understood. The aim of our study was to identify the reactivity of rat GLS astrocytes in response to sciatic nerve compression (SNC) over different time periods. The alteration of GLS astrocyte reactivity was monitored using immunofluorescence (IF) intensities of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamine synthetase (GS), and NFκBp65. Our results demonstrated that SNC induced GLS astrocyte reactivity seen as increased intensities of GFAP-IF, and longer extensions of cytoplasmic processes into lamina I. First significant increase of GFAP-IF was observed on post-operation day 7 (POD7) after SNC with further increases on POD14 and POD21. In contrast, dynamic alteration of the extension of cytoplasmic processes into lamina I was detected as early as POD1 and continued throughout the monitored survival periods of both sham and SNC operations. The reactivity of GLS astrocytes was not associated with their proliferation. In addition, GLS astrocytes also displayed a significant decrease in GS immunofluorescence (GS-IF) and NFκB immunofluorescence (NFκB-IF) in response to sham and SNC operation compared with naïve control rats. These results suggest that damaged peripheral tissues (following sham operation as well as peripheral nerve lesions) may induce significant changes in GLS astrocyte reactivity. The signaling mechanism from injured peripheral tissue and nerve remains to be elucidated.
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15
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Castany S, Bagó-Mas A, Vela JM, Verdú E, Bretová K, Svobodová V, Dubový P, Boadas-Vaello P. Transient Reflexive Pain Responses and Chronic Affective Nonreflexive Pain Responses Associated with Neuroinflammation Processes in Both Spinal and Supraspinal Structures in Spinal Cord-Injured Female Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021761. [PMID: 36675275 PMCID: PMC9863935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Central neuropathic pain is not only characterized by reflexive pain responses, but also emotional or affective nonreflexive pain responses, especially in women. Some pieces of evidence suggest that the activation of the neuroimmune system may be contributing to the manifestation of mood disorders in patients with chronic pain conditions, but the mechanisms that contribute to the development and chronicity of CNP and its associated disorders remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether neuroinflammatory factor over-expression in the spinal cord and supraspinal structures may be associated with reflexive and nonreflexive pain response development from acute SCI phase to 12 weeks post-injury in female mice. The results show that transient reflexive responses were observed during the SCI acute phase associated with transient cytokine overexpression in the spinal cord. In contrast, increased nonreflexive pain responses were observed in the chronic phase associated with cytokine overexpression in supraspinal structures, especially in mPFC. In addition, results revealed that besides cytokines, the mPFC showed an increased glial activation as well as CX3CL1/CX3CR1 upregulation in the neurons, suggesting the contribution of neuron-glia crosstalk in the development of nonreflexive pain responses in the chronic spinal cord injury phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Castany
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Bagó-Mas
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - José Miguel Vela
- WeLab Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Karolina Bretová
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktorie Svobodová
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dubový
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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16
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From Low-Grade Inflammation in Osteoarthritis to Neuropsychiatric Sequelae: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416031. [PMID: 36555670 PMCID: PMC9784931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, osteoarthritis (OA), a common, multifactorial musculoskeletal disease, is considered to have a low-grade inflammatory pathogenetic component. Lately, neuropsychiatric sequelae of the disease have gained recognition. However, a link between the peripheral inflammatory process of OA and the development of neuropsychiatric pathology is not completely understood. In this review, we provide a narrative that explores the development of neuropsychiatric disease in the presence of chronic peripheral low-grade inflammation with a focus on its signaling to the brain. We describe the development of a pro-inflammatory environment in the OA-affected joint. We discuss inflammation-signaling pathways that link the affected joint to the central nervous system, mainly using primary sensory afferents and blood circulation via circumventricular organs and cerebral endothelium. The review describes molecular and cellular changes in the brain, recognized in the presence of chronic peripheral inflammation. In addition, changes in the volume of gray matter and alterations of connectivity important for the assessment of the efficacy of treatment in OA are discussed in the given review. Finally, the narrative considers the importance of the use of neuropsychiatric diagnostic tools for a disease with an inflammatory component in the clinical setting.
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17
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Proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors as druggable targets to alleviate pathological pain. Pain 2022; 163:S79-S98. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Li X, Wang W, Zhang X, Gong Z, Tian M, Zhang Y, You X, Wu J. Neuroinflammation in the medial prefrontal cortex exerts a crucial role in bone cancer pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1026593. [PMID: 36385763 PMCID: PMC9642970 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1026593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most common types of pain in cancer patients which compromises the patient's functional status, quality of life, and survival. Central hyperalgesia has increasingly been identified as a crucial factor of BCP, especially in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) which is the main cortical area involved in the process of pain and consequent negative emotion. To explore the genetic changes in the mPFC during BCP occurrence and find possible targets for prediction, we performed transcriptome sequencing of mPFC in the BCP rat model and found a total of 147 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed that the DEmRNAs mainly participate in the inflammatory response. Meanwhile, microglia and astrocytes were activated in the mPFC of BCP rats, further confirming the presence of neuroinflammation. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that DEmRNAs in the mPFC are mainly involved in antigen processing, presentation of peptide antigen, and immune response, occurring in the MHC protein complex. Besides, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that DEmRNAs are mainly enriched in the pathways of phagosome, staphylococcus aureus infection, and antigen processing, in which MHCII participate. Furthermore, immunostaining showed that MHCII is mainly located in the microglia. Microglia are believed to be involved in antigen processing, a key cause of BCP. In vivo, minocycline (MC) treatment inhibits the activation of microglia and reduces the expression of MHCII and proinflammatory cytokines, thereby alleviating BCP and pain-related anxiety. Taken together, our study identified differentially expressed genes in the BCP process and demonstrated that the activation of microglia participates in the inflammatory response and antigen process, which may contribute to BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingji You
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Zhang X, Li X, Wang W, Zhang Y, Gong Z, Peng Y, Wu J, You X. STING Contributes to Cancer-Induced Bone Pain by Promoting M1 Polarization of Microglia in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5188. [PMID: 36358605 PMCID: PMC9656586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is the main cortical area for processing both sensory and affective aspects of pain. Recently, mPFC was reported to participate in cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) via the mechanism of central inflammation. STING is a key component of neuroinflammation in the central neuron system by activating downstream TBK1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. We aimed to investigate whether STING regulated neuroinflammation in the mPFC in rat models of CIBP. It is worth noting that we found a significant upregulation of STING in the mPFC after CIBP, accompanied by activation of TBK1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, pain and anxiety-like behaviors were alleviated by intraperitoneal injection of the STING inhibitor C-176. Furthermore, in microglia GMI-R1 cells, C-176 reversed LPS-induced M1 polarization. Collectively, this evidence indicated that STING may contribute to cancer-induced bone pain by activating TBK1 and NF-κB, and by promoting M1 polarization of microglia in the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhihao Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xingji You
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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20
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Liu XG. Normalization of Neuroinflammation: A New Strategy for Treatment of Persistent Pain and Memory/Emotional Deficits in Chronic Pain. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5201-5233. [PMID: 36110505 PMCID: PMC9469940 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s379093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, which affects around 1/3 of the world population and is often comorbid with memory deficit and mood depression, is a leading source of suffering and disability. Studies in past decades have shown that hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons resulting from abnormal expression of ion channels and central sensitization mediated pathological synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation in spinal dorsal horn, underlie the persistent pain. The memory/emotional deficits are associated with impaired synaptic connectivity in hippocampus. Dysregulation of numerous endogenous proteins including receptors and intracellular signaling molecules is involved in the pathological processes. However, increasing knowledge contributes little to clinical treatment. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the neuroinflammation, characterized by overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial activation, is reliably detected in humans and animals with chronic pain, and is sufficient to induce persistent pain and memory/emotional deficits. The abnormal expression of ion channels and pathological synaptic plasticity in spinal dorsal horn and in hippocampus are resulting from neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammation is initiated and maintained by the interactions of circulating monocytes, glial cells and neurons. Obviously, unlike infectious diseases and cancer, which are caused by pathogens or malignant cells, chronic pain is resulting from alterations of cells and molecules which have numerous physiological functions. Therefore, normalization (counterbalance) but not simple inhibition of the neuroinflammation is the right strategy for treating neuronal disorders. Currently, no such agent is available in clinic. While experimental studies have demonstrated that intracellular Mg2+ deficiency is a common feature of chronic pain in animal models and supplement Mg2+ are capable of normalizing the neuroinflammation, activation of upregulated proteins that promote recovery, such as translocator protein (18k Da) or liver X receptors, has a similar effect. In this article, relevant experimental and clinical evidence is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Liu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhu Y, Li D, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Xu Z, Lei L, Xu F, Wang J. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of High-Frequency rTMS over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex .on Chronic Pain and Chronic-Pain-Accompanied Depression. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2547-2556. [PMID: 35969469 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can relieve chronic pain and accompanying depressive symptoms. However, in recent years, some high-quality studies have challenged this view. Therefore, it is necessary to update the data and analyze the effects of HF rTMS on the DLPFC on chronic pain and accompanying depression. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of HF rTMS on the DLPFC on chronic pain and accompanying depression. We searched PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane through September 2021. The search strings searched were : "pain" AND ("TMS" OR "transcranial magnetic stimulation") AND "prefrontal cortex". The inclusion criteria according to PICOS was as follows: P, patient with chronic pain; I, HF (≥5 Hz) rTMS on the DLPFC; C, included a sham treatment condition; O, pain indicators; S, pre-/poststudies, crossover, or parallel-group. We extracted the pain and accompanying depression evaluation indicators. The short-term analgesic effect of HF rTMS over the left DLPFC is not significant (WMD = 0.34, 95% CI: [-1.60, 2.28]) but has a significant mid-term and long-term analgesic effect on chronic pain (WMD = -0.50, 95% CI: [-0.99, -0.01]; WMD = -1.10, 95% CI: [-2.00, -0.19], respectively). HF rTMS over the DLPFC can effectively alleviate the depressive symptoms of patients with chronic pain (WMD = -0.83, 95% CI: [-3.01, 1.36]). Thus, HF rTMS on the left DLPFC can relieve chronic pain and accompanying depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Zhu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China.,Rehabilitation Medicine Department, NO.1 Orthopedics Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610015, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Zhou
- Graduate School of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyu Xu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyuan Xu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
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22
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Hu Y, Zhu Y, Wen X, Zeng F, Feng Y, Xu Z, Xu F, Wang J. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regulates neuroinflammation, relieves hyperalgesia and reverses despair-like behaviour in chronic constriction injury rats. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4930-4947. [PMID: 35895439 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could effectively relieve the pain and depression in neuropathic pain (NP) patients. However, the specific treatment parameters and exact mechanism are still unclear. Our purpose is to observe the effects of rTMS on pain and despair-like behaviour in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats and explore its possible mechanism. Thirty-two 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (S, n = 8), CCI group (n = 8), 1 Hz-rTMS group (n = 8) and 10 Hz-rTMS group (n = 8). The rTMS was applied to the left dorsal anterior agranular insular (AId) 1 week after the operation, once a day, 5 days/week for 4 consecutive weeks. Mechanical hyperalgesia, despair-like behaviours and sciatic nerve function were used to evaluate the effects of rTMS. Besides, glucose metabolism, the metabotropic glutamate receptors 5 (mGluR5), N-Methyl-D-Aspartic acid receptor type 2B (NMDAR2B), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (Ll-6) and interleukin-1β (Ll-1β) in AId were tested to explore the possible mechanism. Compared with 1 Hz-rTMS, the rats of 10 Hz-rTMS had higher the mechanical hyperalgesia, higher sugar preference and shorter swimming immobility time. Besides, the expressions of mGluR5, NMDAR2B, TNF-α, Ll-1β and Ll-6 both in 1 Hz-rTMS and 10 Hz-rTMS groups were reduced compared with the CCI group; the 10 Hz-rTMS group had a more decrease than that of 1 Hz-rTMS. Furthermore, the [18]F-FDG uptake was lower than that in the 1 Hz-rTMS group. Compared with 1 Hz-rTMS, 10 Hz-rTMS could more effectively relieve mechanical hyperalgesia and reverse despair-like behaviour in rats. The mechanism could be related to regulating mGluR5/NMDAR2B-related inflammatory signalling pathways in the AId.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanliang Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fanshuo Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Luzhou, China
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23
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Fiore NT, Yin Z, Guneykaya D, Gauthier CD, Hayes J, D’hary A, Butovsky O, Moalem-Taylor G. Sex-specific transcriptome of spinal microglia in neuropathic pain due to peripheral nerve injury. Glia 2022; 70:675-696. [PMID: 35050555 PMCID: PMC8852349 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a prevalent and debilitating chronic disease that is characterized by activation in glial cells in various pain-related regions within the central nervous system. Recent studies have suggested a sexually dimorphic role of microglia in the maintenance of neuropathic pain in rodents. Here, we utilized RNA sequencing analysis and in vitro primary cultures of microglia to identify whether there is a common neuropathic microglial signature and characterize the sex differences in microglia in pain-related regions in nerve injury and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy mouse models. While mechanical allodynia and behavioral changes were observed in all models, transcriptomic analysis of microglia revealed no common transcriptional changes in spinal and supraspinal regions and in the different neuropathic models. However, there was a substantial change in microglial gene expression within the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord 7 days after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Both sexes upregulated genes associated with inflammation, phagosome, and lysosome activation, though males revealed a prominent global transcriptional shift not observed in female mice. Transcriptomic comparison between male spinal microglia after CCI and data from other nerve injury models and neurodegenerative microglia demonstrated a unique CCI-induced signature reflecting acute activation of microglia. Further, in vitro studies revealed that only male microglia from nerve-injured mice developed a reactive phenotype with increased phagocytotic activity. This study demonstrates a lack of a common neuropathic microglial signature and indicates distinct sex differences in spinal microglia, suggesting they contribute to the sex-specific pain processing following nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Fiore
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhuoran Yin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dilansu Guneykaya
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian D Gauthier
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Hayes
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron D’hary
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Correspondence: A/Prof. Gila Moalem-Taylor, Neuropathic Pain Research Group, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, Wallace Wurth Building, Level 3, room 355B, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, +61-2-90658014,
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24
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Activación de la microglía en el hipocampo asociada con lesión del nervio facial. BIOMÉDICA 2022; 42:109-206. [PMID: 35471181 PMCID: PMC9048578 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introducción. Las lesiones del nervio facial afectan la plasticidad a largo plazo en el hipocampo, así como la memoria de reconocimiento de objetos y la memoria espacial, dos procesos dependientes de esta estructura. Objetivo. Caracterizar en ratas el efecto de la lesión unilateral del nervio facial sobre la activación de células de la microglía en el hipocampo contralateral.Materiales y métodos. Se hicieron experimentos de inmunohistoquímica para detectar células de la microglía en el hipocampo de ratas sometidas a lesión irreversible del nervio facial. Los animales se sacrificaron en distintos momentos después de la lesión, para evaluar la evolución de la proliferación (densidad de células) y la activación (área celular) de la microglía en el tejido del hipocampo. Los tejidos cerebrales de los animales de control se compararon con los de animales lesionados sacrificados en los días 1, 3, 7, 21 y 35 después de la lesión.Resultados. Las células de la microglía en el hipocampo de animales con lesión del nervio facial mostraron signos de proliferación y activación a los 3, 7 y 21 días después de la lesión. Sin embargo, al cabo de cinco semanas, estas modificaciones se revirtieron, a pesar de que no hubo recuperación funcional de la parálisis facial.Conclusiones. La lesión irreversible del nervio facial produce proliferación y activación temprana y transitoria de las células de la microglía en el hipocampo. Estos cambios podrían estar asociados con las modificaciones electrofisiológicas y las alteraciones comportamentales dependientes del hipocampo descritas recientemente.
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25
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Wei X, Centeno MV, Ren W, Borruto AM, Procissi D, Xu T, Jabakhanji R, Mao Z, Kim H, Li Y, Yang Y, Gutruf P, Rogers JA, Surmeier DJ, Radulovic J, Liu X, Martina M, Apkarian AV. Activation of the dorsal, but not the ventral, hippocampus relieves neuropathic pain in rodents. Pain 2021; 162:2865-2880. [PMID: 34160168 PMCID: PMC8464622 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence suggests hippocampal impairment under the chronic pain phenotype. However, it is unknown whether neuropathic behaviors are related to dysfunction of the hippocampal circuitry. Here, we enhanced hippocampal activity by pharmacological, optogenetic, and chemogenetic techniques to determine hippocampal influence on neuropathic pain behaviors. We found that excitation of the dorsal (DH), but not the ventral (VH) hippocampus induces analgesia in 2 rodent models of neuropathic pain (SNI and SNL) and in rats and mice. Optogenetic and pharmacological manipulations of DH neurons demonstrated that DH-induced analgesia was mediated by N-Methyl-D-aspartate and μ-opioid receptors. In addition to analgesia, optogenetic stimulation of the DH in SNI mice also resulted in enhanced real-time conditioned place preference for the chamber where the DH was activated, a finding consistent with pain relief. Similar manipulations in the VH were ineffective. Using chemo-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), where awake resting-state fMRI was combined with viral vector-mediated chemogenetic activation (PSAM/PSEM89s) of DH neurons, we demonstrated changes of functional connectivity between the DH and thalamus and somatosensory regions that tracked the extent of relief from tactile allodynia. Moreover, we examined hippocampal functional connectivity in humans and observe differential reorganization of its anterior and posterior subdivisions between subacute and chronic back pain. Altogether, these results imply that downregulation of the DH circuitry during chronic neuropathic pain aggravates pain-related behaviors. Conversely, activation of the DH reverses pain-related behaviors through local excitatory and opioidergic mechanisms affecting DH functional connectivity. Thus, this study exhibits a novel causal role for the DH but not the VH in controlling neuropathic pain-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Wei
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Departments of Physiology and
| | | | | | | | - Daniele Procissi
- Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ting Xu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Yajing Li
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and
- Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and
- Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and
- Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John A. Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and
- Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Xianguo Liu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marco Martina
- Departments of Physiology and
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Apkar Vania Apkarian
- Departments of Physiology and
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, at Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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26
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Role of neuroglia in neuropathic pain and depression. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105957. [PMID: 34688904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury usually present with co-morbid affective changes, such as depression. Neuroglia was reported to play an important role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain both centrally and peripherally. Meanwhile, there have been studies showing that neuroglia participated in the development of depression. However, the specific role of neuroglia in neuropathic pain and depression has not been reviewed comprehensively. Therefore, we summarized the recent findings on the role of neuroglia in neuropathic pain and depression. Based on this review, we found a bridge-like role of neuroglia in neuropathic pain co-morbid with depression. This review may provide therapeutic implications in the treatment of neuropathic pain and offer potential help in the studies of mechanisms in the future.
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27
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Sideris-Lampretsas G, Malcangio M. Microglial heterogeneity in chronic pain. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:279-289. [PMID: 34139287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we report existing preclinical evidence on how the CNS compartment as well as sex affect microglia functions in health. We highlight that recent advances in transcriptomics analyses have led to thorough characterization of disease-associated microglial states in mice and humans. We then consider the specific scenario of peripheral nerve or tissue injury which induce expression of a specific subset of genes in microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We suggest the intriguing possibility that future studies may disclose the existence of a unique microglia transcriptional profile that is associated with chronic pain conditions. We also collect evidence that microglial activation in pain-related areas of the brain can be observed in models of neuropathic pain in agreement with recent neuroimaging studies in chronic pain patients. Based on the evidence discussed here, we predict that future studies on the neuroimmune interactions in chronic pain should complement our current understanding of microglia functions, but also adventure in using novel approaches such as scRNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, CYTOF and transmission electron microscopy to provide a more complete characterization of the function, transcriptome and structure of microglia in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Sideris-Lampretsas
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guys' Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Marzia Malcangio
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guys' Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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28
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Silva-Cardoso GK, Lazarini-Lopes W, Hallak JE, Crippa JA, Zuardi AW, Garcia-Cairasco N, Leite-Panissi CRA. Cannabidiol effectively reverses mechanical and thermal allodynia, hyperalgesia, and anxious behaviors in a neuropathic pain model: Possible role of CB1 and TRPV1 receptors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108712. [PMID: 34274349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic pain is high in the general population and it is closely related to anxiety disorders, which promote negative effects on the quality of life. The cannabinoid system has essential participation in the pain sensitivity circuit. In this perspective, cannabidiol (CBD) is considered a promising strategy for treating neuropathic pain. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of sub-chronic systemic treatment with CBD (0.3, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg, i.p.) in male in rats submitted to chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) or not (SHAM) and assessed in nociceptive tests (von Frey, acetone, and hot plate, three days CBD's treatment) and in the open field test (OFT, two days CBD's treatment). We performed a screening immunoreactivity of CB1 and TRPV1 receptors in cortical and limbic regions tissues, which were collected after 1.5 h of behavioral tests on the 24th experimental day. This study presents a dose-response curve to understand better the effects of low doses (3 mg/kg) on CBD's antiallodynic and anxiolytic effects. Also, low doses of CBD were able to (1) reverse mechanical and thermal allodynia (cold) and hyperalgesia, (2) reverse anxious behaviors (reduction of the % of grooming and freezing time, and increase of the % of center time in the OFT) induced by chronic pain. The peripheral neuropathy promoted the increase in the expression of CB1 and TRPV1 receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior insular cortex (AIC), basolateral amygdala (BLA), dorsal hippocampus (DH), and ventral hippocampus (VH). CBD potentiated this effect in the ACC, AIC, BLA, DH, and VH regions. These results provide substantial evidence of the role of the ACC-AIC-BLA corticolimbic circuit, and BLA-VH for pain regulation. These results can be clinically relevant since they contribute to the evidence of CBD's beneficial effects on treating chronic pain and associated comorbidities such as anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice K Silva-Cardoso
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Lazarini-Lopes
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christie R A Leite-Panissi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.
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29
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Zhang L, Feng H, Jin Y, Zhan Y, Han Q, Zhao X, Li P. Long Non-coding RNA LINC01119 Promotes Neuropathic Pain by Stabilizing BDNF Transcript. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:673669. [PMID: 34234645 PMCID: PMC8255623 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.673669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by primary injury or dysfunction of the peripheral and the central nervous system. Long non-coding RNAs were critical regulators involved in nervous system diseases, however, the precise regulatory mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to uncover the essential role of LINC01119 in NP progression and further clarify the underlying regulatory mechanism at post-transcriptional level. LINC01119 was significantly upregulated in rats of spare nerve injury (SNI) group compared to sham group. Functionally, silencing of LINC01119 significantly alleviated the neuropathic pain-induced hypersensitivity and reduced the increase in IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α caused by SNI. Mechanistically, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was identified as the functional target of LINC01119. Besides, an RNA binding protein, ELAVL1 could directly interact with LINC01119, and this formed LINC01119- ELAVL1 complex binds to BDNF mRNA, strengthening its RNA stability and increasing the expression level of BDNF at both transcript and protein levels. Clinically, serum LINC01119 was verified as a promising diagnostic biomarker for NP patients. LINC01119 induces NP progression via binding with ELAVL1 and increasing BDNF mRNA stability and expression level. Therefore, LINC01119 may serve as a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for NP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanwu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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30
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Lu J, Yang L, Xu Y, Ai L, Chen J, Xiong F, Hu L, Chen H, Liu J, Yan X, Huang H, Chen L, Yu C. The Modulatory Effect of Motor Cortex Astrocytes on Diabetic Neuropathic Pain. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5287-5302. [PMID: 33753547 PMCID: PMC8211549 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2566-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of diabetes characterized by persistent pain. Emerging evidence links astrocytes to mechanical nociceptive processing, and the motor cortex (MCx) is a cerebral cortex region that is known to play a key role in pain regulation. However, the association between MCx astrocytes and DNP pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. Here, we studied this association using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs to specifically manipulate MCx astrocytes. We proved that the selective inhibition of MCx astrocytes reduced DNP in streptozocin (STZ)-induced DNP models and discovered a potential mechanism by which astrocytes release cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β, to increase neuronal activation in the MCx, thereby regulating pain. Together, these results demonstrate a pivotal role for MCx astrocytes in DNP pathogenesis and provide new insight into DNP treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lijing Ai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Fangfang Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lihuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Huoshu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiongbin Yan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Huihui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Changxi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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31
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Kimura LF, Novaes LS, Picolo G, Munhoz CD, Cheung CW, Camarini R. How environmental enrichment balances out neuroinflammation in chronic pain and comorbid depression and anxiety disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1640-1660. [PMID: 34076891 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety commonly occur in chronic pain states and the coexistence of these diseases worsens outcomes for both disorders and may reduce treatment adherence and response. Despite the advances in the knowledge of chronic pain mechanisms, pharmacological treatment is still unsatisfactory. Research based on exposure to environmental enrichment is currently under investigation and seems to offer a promising low-cost strategy with no side effects. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation as a major biological substrate and aetiological factor of chronic pain and depression/anxiety and report a collection of preclinical evidence of the effects and mechanisms of environmental enrichment. As microglia participates in the development of both conditions, we also discuss microglia as a potential target underlying the beneficial actions of environmental enrichment in chronic pain and comorbid depression/anxiety. We also discuss how alternative interventions under clinical guidelines, such as environmental enrichment, may improve treatment compliance and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Kimura
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Novaes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Picolo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina D Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chi W Cheung
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kummer KK, Zeidler M, Kalpachidou T, Kress M. Role of IL-6 in the regulation of neuronal development, survival and function. Cytokine 2021; 144:155582. [PMID: 34058569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is emerging as a molecule with both beneficial and destructive potentials. It can exert opposing actions triggering either neuron survival after injury or causing neurodegeneration and cell death in neurodegenerative or neuropathic disorders. Importantly, neurons respond differently to IL-6 and this critically depends on their environment and whether they are located in the peripheral or the central nervous system. In addition to its hub regulator role in inflammation, IL-6 is recently emerging as an important regulator of neuron function in health and disease, offering exciting possibilities for more mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of mental, neurodegenerative and pain disorders and for developing novel therapies for diseases with neuroimmune and neurogenic pathogenic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai K Kummer
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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Pretreatment with High Mobility Group Box-1 Monoclonal Antibody Prevents the Onset of Trigeminal Neuropathy in Mice with a Distal Infraorbital Nerve Chronic Constriction Injury. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072035. [PMID: 33918407 PMCID: PMC8038245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent pain following orofacial surgery is not uncommon. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an alarmin, is released by peripheral immune cells following nerve injury and could be related to pain associated with trigeminal nerve injury. Distal infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury (dIoN-CCI) evokes pain-related behaviors including increased facial grooming and hyper-responsiveness to acetone (cutaneous cooling) after dIoN-CCI surgery in mice. In addition, dIoN-CCI mice developed conditioned place preference to mirogabalin, suggesting increased neuropathic pain-related aversion. Treatment of the infraorbital nerve with neutralizing antibody HMGB1 (anti-HMGB1 nAb) before dIoN-CCI prevented both facial grooming and hyper-responsiveness to cooling. Pretreatment with anti-HMGB1 nAb also blocked immune cell activation associated with trigeminal nerve injury including the accumulation of macrophage around the injured IoN and increased microglia activation in the ipsilateral spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. The current findings demonstrated that blocking of HMGB1 prior to nerve injury prevents the onset of pain-related behaviors, possibly through blocking the activation of immune cells associated with the nerve injury, both within the CNS and on peripheral nerves. The current findings further suggest that blocking HMGB1 before tissue injury could be a novel strategy to prevent the induction of chronic pain following orofacial surgeries.
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34
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Yeung SC, Ganesan K, Wong SSC, Chung SK, Cheung CW. Characterization of acute pain-induced behavioral passivity in mice: Insights from statistical modeling. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3072-3092. [PMID: 33675141 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Affective-motivational disturbances are highly inconsistent in animal pain models. The reproducibility of the open-field test in assessing anxiety, malaise or disability remains controversial despite its popularity. While traumatic, persistent or multiregional pain models are commonly considered more effective in inducing negative affect or functional impairment, the early psychobehavioral changes before pain chronification are often underexplored. Here, we aimed to clarify the fundamental relationship between hypernociception and passive distress-like behavior using a model of transient inflammatory pain. To minimize latent confounders and increase data consistency, male C57BL/6N mice were habituated to the open-field arena 6 times before receiving the unilateral intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or vehicle. Open-field (40-min exploration) and nociceptive behavior were evaluated repeatedly along the course of hypernociception in both wild-type and transgenic mice with a known pronociceptive phenotype. To reduce subjectivity, multivariate open-field behavioral outcomes were analyzed by statistical modeling based on exploratory factor analyses, which yielded a 2-factor solution. Within 3 hr after PGE2 injection, mice developed significantly reduced center exploration (factor 1) and a marginally significant increase in their habituation tendency (factor 2), which were not apparent in vehicle-injected mice. The behavioral passivity generally improved as hypernociception subsided. Therefore, transient inflammatory irritation is sufficient to suppress mouse open-field exploratory activity. The apparent absence of late affective-motivational changes in some rodents with prolonged hypernociception may not imply a lack of preceding or underlying neuropsychological alterations. Procedural pain after invasive animal experiments, however small, should be assessed and adequately controlled as a potential research confounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ching Yeung
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stanley Sau Ching Wong
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sookja K Chung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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35
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Ma L, Li J, Zhou J, Zhang D, Xiao Z, Yu T, Li Y, Cao S. Intravenous lidocaine alleviates postherpetic neuralgia in rats via regulation of neuroinflammation of microglia and astrocytes. iScience 2021; 24:102108. [PMID: 33604528 PMCID: PMC7876569 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects and possible mechanisms of intravenous lidocaine in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) rats. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds and thermal withdrawal latencies were measured. Open field test, elevated plus maze test, and tail suspension test were used to assess anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Microglia and astrocytes in spinal dorsal horn (SDH), prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and hippocampus were analyzed. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-4 in SDH and serum were evaluated. Intravenous lidocaine alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hypoalgesia, downregulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, and inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes in SDH. In addition, it reduced the activation of astrocyte but not microglia in PFC, ACC, and hippocampus. Intravenous lidocaine may relieve PHN by inhibiting the activation of microglia and astrocyte in SDH or by reducing the neuroinflammation and astrocyte activation in PFC, ACC, and hippocampus. Intravenous lidocaine alleviates PHN in rats Intravenous lidocaine inhibits microglia and astrocyte activation Intravenous lidocaine cannot relieve anxiety and depression in PHN rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Ma
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Junli Zhou
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dexin Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhi Xiao
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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36
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Lopes BC, Medeiros LF, Stein DJ, Cioato SG, de Souza VS, Medeiros HR, Sanches PRS, Fregni F, Caumo W, Torres ILS. tDCS and exercise improve anxiety-like behavior and locomotion in chronic pain rats via modulation of neurotrophins and inflammatory mediators. Behav Brain Res 2021; 404:113173. [PMID: 33577881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders cause distress and are commonly found to be comorbid with chronic pain. Both are difficult-to-treat conditions for which alternative treatment options are being pursued. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), treadmill exercise, or both, on anxiety-like behavior and associated growth factors and inflammatory markers in the hippocampus and sciatic nerve of rats with neuropathic pain. Male Wistar rats (n = 216) were subjected to sham-surgery or sciatic nerve constriction for pain induction. Fourteen days following neuropathic pain establishment, either bimodal tDCS, treadmill exercise, or a combination of both was used for 20 min a day for 8 consecutive days. The elevated plus-maze test was used to assess anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity during the early (24 h) or late (7 days) phase after the end of treatment. BDNF, TNF-ɑ, and IL-10 levels in the hippocampus, and BDNF, NGF, and IL-10 levels in the sciatic nerve were assessed 48 h or 7 days after the end of treatment. Rats from the pain groups developed an anxiety-like state. Both tDCS and treadmill exercise provided ethological and neurochemical alterations induced by pain in the early and/or late phase, and a modest synergic effect between tDCS and exercise was observed. These results indicate that non-invasive neuromodulatory approaches can attenuate both anxiety-like status and locomotor activity and alter the biochemical profile in the hippocampus and sciatic nerve of rats with neuropathic pain and that combined interventions may be considered as a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettega Costa Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, 92010-000 Canoas, Brazil.
| | - Dirson João Stein
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stefania Giotti Cioato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helouise Richardt Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Stefani Sanches
- Laboratório de Engenharia Biomédica, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital & Massachusetts General Hospital. Harvard Medical School and Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 02215 Boston, USA
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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37
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Tyrtyshnaia AA, Egorova EL, Starinets AA, Ponomarenko AI, Ermolenko EV, Manzhulo IV. N-Docosahexaenoylethanolamine Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Improves Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Rats with Sciatic Nerve Chronic Constriction Injury. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100516. [PMID: 33076443 PMCID: PMC7602669 DOI: 10.3390/md18100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain is a condition that causes both sensory disturbances and a variety of functional disorders, indicating the involvement of various brain structures in pain pathogenesis. One of the factors underlying chronic neuropathic pain is neuroinflammation, which is accompanied by microglial activation and pro-inflammatory factor release. N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) is an endocannabinoid-like metabolite synthesized endogenously from docosahexaenoic acid. Synaptamide exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and improves neurite outgrowth, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis within the hippocampus. This study aims to evaluate the effects of synaptamide obtained by the chemical modification of DHA, extracted from the Far Eastern raw material Berryteuthis magister on neuroinflammatory response and hippocampal neurogenesis changes during neuropathic pain. The study of microglial protein and cytokine concentrations was performed using immunohistochemistry and ELISA. The brain lipid analysis was performed using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Behavioral experiments showed that synaptamide prevented neuropathic pain-associated sensory and behavioral changes, such as thermal allodynia, impaired locomotor activity, working and long-term memory, and increased anxiety. Synaptamide attenuated microglial activation, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis. Lipid analysis revealed changes in the brain N-acylethanolamines composition and plasmalogen concentration after synaptamide administration. In conclusion, we show here that synaptamide may have potential for use in preventing or treating neuropathic cognitive pain and emotional effects.
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38
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Melatonin Promotes Neuroprotection of H2O2-induced Neural Stem Cells via lncRNA MEG3/miRNA-27a-3p/MAP2K4 axis. Neuroscience 2020; 446:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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da Silva MD, Guginski G, Sato KL, Sanada LS, Sluka KA, Santos AR. Persistent pain induces mood problems and memory loss by the involvement of cytokines, growth factors, and supraspinal glial cells. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 7:100118. [PMID: 34589875 PMCID: PMC8474185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesions of peripheral nerves lead to pain, hyperalgesia, and psychological comorbidities. However, the relationship between mood disorders and neuropathic pain is unclear, as well as the underlying mechanisms related to these disorders. Therefore, we investigated if nerve injury induces depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment and if there were changes in cytokines, growth factors, and glial cell activation in cortical sites involved in processing pain and mood in animals with nerve injury. Nerve injury was induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) in male Swiss mice and compared to sham-operated animals. Nociceptive behavioral tests to mechanical and thermal (heat and cold) stimuli confirmed the development of hyperalgesia. We further examined mood disorders and memory behaviors. We show nerve injury induces a decrease in mechanical withdrawal thresholds and thermal latency to heat and cold. We also show that nerve injury causes depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors as well as impairment in short-term memory in mice. There were increases in proinflammatory cytokines as well as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the injured nerve. In the spinal cord, there were increases in both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as of BDNF and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). Further, in our data was a decrease in the density of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus and increased microglial density in the prefrontal cortex, areas associated with neuropathic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana D. da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Program of Pos-graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Giselle Guginski
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Karina L. Sato
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Pain Research Program, University of Iowa, #1-252 MEB, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Luciana Sayuri Sanada
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Pain Research Program, University of Iowa, #1-252 MEB, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Sluka
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Pain Research Program, University of Iowa, #1-252 MEB, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Adair R.S. Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Program of Pos-graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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Kummer KK, Mitrić M, Kalpachidou T, Kress M. The Medial Prefrontal Cortex as a Central Hub for Mental Comorbidities Associated with Chronic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3440. [PMID: 32414089 PMCID: PMC7279227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain patients frequently develop and suffer from mental comorbidities such as depressive mood, impaired cognition, and other significant constraints of daily life, which can only insufficiently be overcome by medication. The emotional and cognitive components of pain are processed by the medial prefrontal cortex, which comprises the anterior cingulate cortex, the prelimbic, and the infralimbic cortex. All three subregions are significantly affected by chronic pain: magnetic resonance imaging has revealed gray matter loss in all these areas in chronic pain conditions. While the anterior cingulate cortex appears hyperactive, prelimbic, and infralimbic regions show reduced activity. The medial prefrontal cortex receives ascending, nociceptive input, but also exerts important top-down control of pain sensation: its projections are the main cortical input of the periaqueductal gray, which is part of the descending inhibitory pain control system at the spinal level. A multitude of neurotransmitter systems contributes to the fine-tuning of the local circuitry, of which cholinergic and GABAergic signaling are particularly emerging as relevant components of affective pain processing within the prefrontal cortex. Accordingly, factors such as distraction, positive mood, and anticipation of pain relief such as placebo can ameliorate pain by affecting mPFC function, making this cortical area a promising target region for medical as well as psychosocial interventions for pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.K.K.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
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41
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Mo Y, Liu B, Qiu S, Wang X, Zhong L, Han X, Mi F. Down‐regulation of microRNA‐34c‐5p alleviates neuropathic pain
via
the SIRT1/STAT3 signaling pathway in rat models of chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve. J Neurochem 2020; 154:301-315. [PMID: 32126145 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuai Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology Linyi People’s Hospital Linyi P.R. China
| | - Benjuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology Linyi People’s Hospital Linyi P.R. China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology Linyi People’s Hospital Linyi P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology Linyi People’s Hospital Linyi P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology Linyi People’s Hospital Linyi P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Anesthesiology Linyi People’s Hospital Linyi P.R. China
| | - Fuli Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology Linyi People’s Hospital Linyi P.R. China
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