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Carnwath TP, Demel SL, Prestigiacomo CJ. Genetics of ischemic stroke functional outcome. J Neurol 2024; 271:2345-2369. [PMID: 38502340 PMCID: PMC11055934 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 87% of cerebrovascular accidents, is responsible for massive global burden both in terms of economic cost and personal hardship. Many stroke survivors face long-term disability-a phenotype associated with an increasing number of genetic variants. While clinical variables such as stroke severity greatly impact recovery, genetic polymorphisms linked to functional outcome may offer physicians a unique opportunity to deliver personalized care based on their patient's genetic makeup, leading to improved outcomes. A comprehensive catalogue of the variants at play is required for such an approach. In this review, we compile and describe the polymorphisms associated with outcome scores such as modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index. Our search identified 74 known genetic polymorphisms spread across 48 features associated with various poststroke disability metrics. The known variants span diverse biological systems and are related to inflammation, vascular homeostasis, growth factors, metabolism, the p53 regulatory pathway, and mitochondrial variation. Understanding how these variants influence functional outcome may be helpful in maximizing poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy P Carnwath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Stacie L Demel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Charles J Prestigiacomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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2
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Greco M, Munir A, Musarò D, Coppola C, Maffia M. Restoring autophagic function: a case for type 2 diabetes mellitus drug repurposing in Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1244022. [PMID: 38027497 PMCID: PMC10654753 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1244022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a predominantly idiopathic pathological condition characterized by protein aggregation phenomena, whose main component is alpha-synuclein. Although the main risk factor is ageing, numerous evidence points to the role of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as an etiological factor. Systemic alterations classically associated with T2DM like insulin resistance and hyperglycemia modify biological processes such as autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis. High glucose levels also compromise protein stability through the formation of advanced glycation end products, promoting protein aggregation processes. The ability of antidiabetic drugs to act on pathways impaired in both T2DM and PD suggests that they may represent a useful tool to counteract the neurodegeneration process. Several clinical studies now in advanced stages are looking for confirmation in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Greco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anas Munir
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Debora Musarò
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Coppola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Zhang Y, Zhong C, Wang Q, Zhang J, Zhao H, Huang Y, Zhao D, Yang J. Nanoemulsions of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A for Enhancing Physicochemical and In Vivo Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108658. [PMID: 37240000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke was always a disease that threatened human life and health worldwide. We reported the synthesis of a new type of hyaluronic acid-modified multi-walled carbon nanotube. Then, we produced hydroxysafflor yellow A-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin phospholipid complex water-in-oil nanoemulsion with hyaluronic acid-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes and chitosan (HC@HMC) for oral treatment of an ischemic stroke. We measured the intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of HC@HMC in rats. We found that the intestinal absorption and the pharmacokinetic behavior of HC@HMC was superior to that of HYA. We measured intracerebral concentrations after oral administration of HC@HMC and found that more HYA crossed the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of HC@HMC in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R)-injured mice. In MCAO/R mice, oral administration of HC@HMC demonstrated significant protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Furthermore, we found HC@HMC may exert a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through the COX2/PGD2/DPs pathway. These results suggest that oral administration of HC@HMC may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cailing Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuru Huang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dezhang Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Hugues N, Pin-Barre C, Brioche T, Pellegrino C, Berton E, Rivera C, Laurin J. High-intensity training with short and long intervals regulate cortical neurotrophic factors, apoptosis markers and chloride homeostasis in rats with stroke. Physiol Behav 2023; 266:114190. [PMID: 37055005 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The optimal endurance exercise parameters remain to be defined to potentiate long-term functional recovery after stroke. We aim to assess the effects of individualized high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with either long or short intervals on neurotrophic factors and their receptors, apoptosis markers and the two-main cation-chloride cotransporters in the ipsi- and contralesional cerebral cortices in rats with cerebral ischemia. Endurance performance and sensorimotor functions were also assessed METHODS: : Rats with a 2-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) performed work-matched HIIT4 (intervals: 4min) or HIIT1 (intervals: 1min) on treadmill for 2 weeks. Incremental exercises and sensorimotor tests were performed at day 1 (D1), D8, and D15 after tMCAO. Molecular analyses were achieved in both the paretic and non-paretic triceps brachii muscles and the ipsi- and contralesional cortices at D17 RESULTS: : Gains in endurance performance are in a time-dependent manner from the first week of training. This enhancement is supported by the upregulation of metabolic markers in both triceps brachii muscles. Both regimens alter the expression of neurotrophic markers and chloride homeostasis in a specific manner in the ipsi- and contralesional cortices. HIIT acts on apoptosis markers by promoting anti-apoptotic proteins in the ipsilesional cortex CONCLUSION: : HIIT regimens seem to be of clinical relevance in the critical period of stroke rehabilitation by strongly improving aerobic performance. Also, the observed cortical changes suggest an influence of HIIT on neuroplasticity in both ipsi- and contralesional hemispheres. Such neurotrophic markers might be considered as biomarkers of functional recovery in individuals with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hugues
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, DMEM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eric Berton
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jérôme Laurin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, Marseille, France.
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Murotomi K, Kagiwada H, Hirano K, Yamamoto S, Numata N, Matsumoto Y, Kaneko H, Namihira M. Cyclo-glycylproline attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular damage mediated by the MDM2-p53 pathway in human neural stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:434-446. [PMID: 36585955 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclo-glycylproline (cGP), a cyclic dipeptide containing a condensation bond between glycine and proline, is produced by the cyclization of the N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-1. Previous studies have shown that cGP administration exerts a neuroprotective effect and enhances the regenerative ability in rats with ischemic brain injury. The efficacy of cGP is medicated by regulating the bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of cGP on brain damage remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the cGP-mediated molecular mechanism in human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) exposed to oxidative stress, which is a key factor affecting the development of several brain diseases, including traumatic brain injury and Parkinson's disease. We found that cGP treatment attenuated oxidative stress-induced cell death in cultured hfNSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptome analysis revealed that under oxidative stress conditions, p53-mediated signaling was activated, accompanied by upregulation of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), a p53-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, in cGP-treated hfNSCs. By using a comprehensive protein phosphorylation array, we found that cGP induced the activation of Akt signaling pathway, which enhanced the expression of MDM2, in hfNSCs exposed to oxidative stress. Moreover, the MDM2 inhibitor nutlin-3 inhibited the protective effect of cGP on oxidative stress-induced cell death and apoptosis. Therefore, cGP attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell death mediated by the interplay between IGF-1 signaling and the MDM2-p53 pathway in human NSCs. We revealed the molecular mechanism underlying cGP-induced neuroprotective properties in a model of brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Harumi Kagiwada
- Biological Data Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Hirano
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shoko Yamamoto
- Technical Center, Jellice Co., Ltd., Miyagi, Tagajo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Numata
- Technical Center, Jellice Co., Ltd., Miyagi, Tagajo, Japan
| | - Yo Matsumoto
- Technical Center, Jellice Co., Ltd., Miyagi, Tagajo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kaneko
- Neurorehabilitation Research Group, Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masakazu Namihira
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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Huang S, Liu L, Tang X, Xie S, Li X, Kang X, Zhu S. Research progress on the role of hormones in ischemic stroke. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1062977. [PMID: 36569944 PMCID: PMC9769407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1062977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability around the world. However, ischemic stroke treatment is currently limited, with a narrow therapeutic window and unsatisfactory post-treatment outcomes. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms following ischemic stroke brain injury. Changes in the immunometabolism and endocrine system after ischemic stroke are important in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemic injury. Hormones are biologically active substances produced by endocrine glands or endocrine cells that play an important role in the organism's growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, and aging. Hormone research in ischemic stroke has made very promising progress. Hormone levels fluctuate during an ischemic stroke. Hormones regulate neuronal plasticity, promote neurotrophic factor formation, reduce cell death, apoptosis, inflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative and nitrative stress, and brain edema in ischemic stroke. In recent years, many studies have been done on the role of thyroid hormone, growth hormone, testosterone, prolactin, oxytocin, glucocorticoid, parathyroid hormone, and dopamine in ischemic stroke, but comprehensive reviews are scarce. This review focuses on the role of hormones in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and discusses the mechanisms involved, intending to provide a reference value for ischemic stroke treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shulan Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Xianhui Kang, ; Shengmei Zhu,
| | - Shengmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Xianhui Kang, ; Shengmei Zhu,
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Zhou Y, Jiang H, Wei H, Liu L, Zhou C, Ji X. Venous stroke–a stroke subtype that should not be ignored. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1019671. [PMID: 36277910 PMCID: PMC9582250 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1019671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the etiology, stroke can be classified into ischemic or hemorrhagic subtypes, which ranks second among the leading causes of death. Stroke is caused not only by arterial thrombosis but also by cerebral venous thrombosis. Arterial stroke is currently the main subtype of stroke, and research on this type has gradually improved. Venous thrombosis, the particular type, accounts for 0.5–1% of all strokes. Due to the lack of a full understanding of venous thrombosis, as well as its diverse clinical manifestations and neuroimaging features, there are often delays in admission for it, and it is easy to misdiagnose. The purpose of this study was to review the pathophysiology mechanisms and clinical features of arterial and venous thrombosis and to provide guidance for further research on the pathophysiological mechanism, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of venous thrombosis. This review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms, etiology, epidemiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment heterogeneity of venous thrombosis and compares it with arterial stroke. The aim is to provide a reference for a comprehensive understanding of venous thrombosis and a scientific understanding of various pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features related to venous thrombosis, which will contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of intravenous stroke and provide insight into diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Wei
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chen Zhou
| | - Xunming Ji
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xunming Ji
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Protective role of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling activation in neurological dysfunctions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104896. [PMID: 36191807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a pleiotropic polypeptide, plays an essential role in CNS development and maturation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an endogenous incretin hormone that regulates blood glucose levels and fatty acid oxidation in the brain. GLP-1 also exhibits similar functions and growth factor-like properties to IGF-1, which is likely how it exerts its neuroprotective effects. Recent preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that IGF-1 and GLP-1, apart from regulating growth and development, prevent neuronal death mediated by amyloidogenesis, cerebral glucose deprivation, neuroinflammation and apoptosis through modulation of PI3/Akt kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK). IGF-1 resistance and GLP-1 deficiency impair protective cellular signaling mechanisms, contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past decades, IGF-1 and GLP-1 have emerged as an essential component of the neuronal system and as potential therapeutic targets for several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. There is substantial evidence that IGF-1 and GLP-1 analogues penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exhibit neuroprotective functions, including synaptic formation, neuronal plasticity, protein synthesis, and autophagy. Conclusively, this review represents the therapeutic potential of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling target activators in ameliorating neurological disorders.
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Alleviates Social Behavior Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911077. [PMID: 36232395 PMCID: PMC9570008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive behavior, among other symptoms. ASD is highly heritable, with SHANK3 being one of the high-risk genes for ASD. In recent years, knowledge has been growing regarding the neuroplasticity effect induced by hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and its potential use for ASD. Here, we characterized the effect of HBOT on a mouse model for ASD with the human genetic condition of InsG3680 mutation in the Shank3 gene. As compared to placebo, HBOT improved social behavior and reduced neuroinflammation in the cortex of the InsG3680(+/+) mice. Specifically, HBOT induced upregulation of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) expression levels and reduced the number of Iba1-positive cells in the mouse model for ASD compared to placebo control. Together, our research suggests that HBOT has the potential to improve the clinical outcome of ASD by ameliorating some of the core pathophysiological processes responsible for the development of the disorder.
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Astrocytic IGF-1 and IGF-1R Orchestrate Mitophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury via Exosomal miR-let-7e. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3504279. [PMID: 36062186 PMCID: PMC9433209 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3504279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Defective brain hormonal signaling and autophagy have been associated with neurodegeneration after brain insults, characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction. However, few studies have linked them in the context of brain injury. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an important hormone that contributes to growth, cell proliferation, and autophagy and is also expressed in the brain. Here, we assessed the clinical data from TBI patients and performed both in vitro and in vivo experiments with proteomic and gene-chip analysis to assess the functions of IGF-1 in mitophagy following TBI. We show that reduced plasma IGF-1 is correlated with cognition in TBI patients. Overexpression of astrocytic IGF-1 improves cognitive dysfunction and mitophagy in TBI mice. Mechanically, proteomics data show that the IGF-1-related NF-κB pathway transcriptionally regulates decapping mRNA2 (Dcp2) and miR-let-7, together with IGF-1R to orchestrate mitophagy in TBI. Finally, we demonstrate that brain injury induces impaired mitophagy at the chronic stage and that IGF-1 treatment could facilitate the mitophagy markers via exosomal miR-let-7e. By showing that IGF-1 is an important mediator of the beneficial effect of the neural-endocrine network in TBI models, our findings place IGF-1/IGF-1R as a potential target capable of noncoding RNAs and opposing mitophagy failure and cognitive impairment in TBI.
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Wu L, Qin Y, Yuan H, Zhu Y, Hu A. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced mouse model of chronic epilepsy. Brain Res 2022; 1785:147881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Morales T, Stearns-Yoder K, Hoffberg A, Khan T, Wortzel H, Brenner L. Interactions of Glutamate and Gamma Amino Butyric Acid with the Insulin-like growth factor system in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and/or Cardiovascular Accidents (CVA or stroke): A systematic review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09037. [PMID: 35309405 PMCID: PMC8928062 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain maintains homeostasis of neural excitation in part through the receptor-mediated signaling of Glutamate (Glu) and Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA), but localized injuries cause cellular release of excess Glu leading to neurotoxicity. The literature strongly supports the role of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in adult brain neuroprotection and repair, and research supporting the existence of molecular interactions between Glu, GABA, and IGF-1 in vitro and in normal animals raises the question of whether and/or how the Glu/GABA system interacts with IGF-1 post-injury. This systematic review was undertaken to explore works addressing this question among adults with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or cerebrovascular accident (CVA; stroke). The literature was searched for human and animal studies and only four animal papers met inclusion criteria. The SYRCLE criteria was used to evaluate risk of bias; results varied between categories and papers. All the included studies, one on TBI and three on stroke, supported the molecular relationship between the excitatory and IGF-1 systems; two studies provided direct, detailed molecular evidence. The results point to the importance of research on the role of this protective system in pathological brain injury; a hypothetical proposal for future studies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.I. Morales
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - K.A. Stearns-Yoder
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
| | - A.S. Hoffberg
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
| | - T.K. Khan
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
| | - H. Wortzel
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
| | - L.A. Brenner
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, United States
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Hayes CA, Ashmore BG, Vijayasankar A, Marshall JP, Ashpole NM. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Differentially Modulates Glutamate-Induced Toxicity and Stress in Cells of the Neurogliovascular Unit. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:751304. [PMID: 34887742 PMCID: PMC8650493 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.751304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-related reduction in circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is associated with increased risk of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases in advanced age. Numerous reports highlight behavioral and physiological deficits in blood-brain barrier function and neurovascular communication when IGF-1 levels are low. Administration of exogenous IGF-1 reduces the extent of tissue damage and sensorimotor deficits in animal models of ischemic stroke, highlighting the critical role of IGF-1 as a regulator of neurovascular health. The beneficial effects of IGF-1 in the nervous system are often attributed to direct actions on neurons; however, glial cells and the cerebrovasculature are also modulated by IGF-1, and systemic reductions in circulating IGF-1 likely influence the viability and function of the entire neuro-glio-vascular unit. We recently observed that reduced IGF-1 led to impaired glutamate handling in astrocytes. Considering glutamate excitotoxicity is one of the main drivers of neurodegeneration following ischemic stroke, the age-related loss of IGF-1 may also compromise neural function indirectly by altering the function of supporting glia and vasculature. In this study, we assess and compare the effects of IGF-1 signaling on glutamate-induced toxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-produced oxidative stress in primary neuron, astrocyte, and brain microvascular endothelial cell cultures. Our findings verify that neurons are highly susceptible to excitotoxicity, in comparison to astrocytes or endothelial cells, and that a prolonged reduction in IGFR activation increases the extent of toxicity. Moreover, prolonged IGFR inhibition increased the susceptibility of astrocytes to glutamate-induced toxicity and lessened their ability to protect neurons from excitotoxicity. Thus, IGF-1 promotes neuronal survival by acting directly on neurons and indirectly on astrocytes. Despite increased resistance to excitotoxic death, both astrocytes and cerebrovascular endothelial cells exhibit acute increases in glutamate-induced ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction when IGFR is inhibited at the time of glutamate stimulation. Together these data highlight that each cell type within the neuro-glio-vascular unit differentially responds to stress when IGF-1 signaling was impaired. Therefore, the reductions in circulating IGF-1 observed in advanced age are likely detrimental to the health and function of the entire neuro-glio-vascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cellas A Hayes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Brandon G Ashmore
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Akshaya Vijayasankar
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Jessica P Marshall
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Nicole M Ashpole
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
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Mehmood Siddiqui E, Mehan S, Upadhayay S, Khan A, Halawi M, Ahmed Halawi A, Alsaffar RM. Neuroprotective efficacy of 4-Hydroxyisoleucine in experimentally induced intracerebral hemorrhage. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6417-6431. [PMID: 34764759 PMCID: PMC8568986 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe form of brain injury, which is a major cause of mortality in humans. Hydrocephalus and cerebral hematoma lead to severe neurological deficits. A single autologous blood (ALB) injection in rats' brains induces hemorrhage and other conditions that regularly interfere with the standard treatment of several cellular and molecular pathways. Several studies have found that IGF-1/GLP-1 decreases the production of inflammatory markers in peripheral tissues, while some have found that they also have pro-inflammatory functions. Since these receptors are down-regulated in hemorrhagic situations, we looked into the potential neuroprotective effect of 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HI); 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, an active compound Trigonellafoenum-graecum, on post-hemorrhagic deficits in rats. Long-term oral administration of 4-HI for 35 days has improved behavioral and neurochemical deficits and severe pathological changes and improved cellular and molecular markers, apoptotic markers in the ALB-induced ICH experimental model. Furthermore, the findings revealed that 4-HI also improved the levels of other neurotransmitters (Ach, DOPA, GABA, glutamate); inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1β, IL-17), and oxidative stress markers (MDA, nitrite, LDH, AchE, SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) in the brain when evaluated after Day 35. There is no proven treatment available for the prevention of post-brain hemorrhage and neurochemical malfunction; available therapy is only for symptomatic relief of the patient. Thus, 4-HI could be a potential clinical approach for treating post-brain haemorrhage and neurochemical changes caused by neurological damage. Furthermore, 4-HI may be linked to other standard therapeutic therapies utilized in ICH as a potential pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Upadhayay
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Halawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rana M Alsaffar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box-173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Butler MJ, Deems NP, Muscat S, Butt CM, Belury MA, Barrientos RM. Dietary DHA prevents cognitive impairment and inflammatory gene expression in aged male rats fed a diet enriched with refined carbohydrates. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:198-209. [PMID: 34425209 PMCID: PMC8511052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of a processed foods diet (PD) enriched with refined carbohydrates, saturated fats, and lack of fiber has increased in recent decades and likely contributed to increased incidence of chronic disease and weight gain in humans. These diets have also been shown to negatively impact brain health and cognitive function in rodents, non-human primates, and humans, potentially through neuroimmune-related mechanisms. However, mechanisms by which PD impacts the aged brain are unknown. This gap in knowledge is critical, considering the aged brain has a heightened state of baseline inflammation, making it more susceptible to secondary challenges. Here, we showed that consumption of a PD, enriched with refined carbohydrate sources, for 28 days impaired hippocampal- and amygdalar-dependent memory function in aged (24 months), but not young (3 months) F344 × BN rats. These memory deficits were accompanied by increased expression of inflammatory genes, such as IL-1β, CD11b, MHC class II, CD86, NLRP3, and complement component 3, in the hippocampus and amygdala of aged rats. Importantly, we also showed that when the same PD is supplemented with the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid DHA, these memory deficits and inflammatory gene expression changes were ameliorated in aged rats, thus providing the first evidence that DHA supplementation can protect against memory deficits and inflammatory gene expression in aged rats fed a processed foods diet. Lastly, we showed that while PD consumption increased weight gain in both young and aged rats, this effect was exaggerated in aged rats. Aging was also associated with significant alterations in hypothalamic gene expression, with no impact by DHA on weight gain or hypothalamic gene expression. Together, our data provide novel insights regarding diet-brain interactions by showing that PD consumption impairs cognitive function likely through a neuroimmune mechanism and that dietary DHA can ameliorate this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Butler
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas P Deems
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Muscat
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Martha A Belury
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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16
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Hayes CA, Valcarcel-Ares MN, Ashpole NM. Preclinical and clinical evidence of IGF-1 as a prognostic marker and acute intervention with ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2475-2491. [PMID: 33757314 PMCID: PMC8504958 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic strokes are highly prevalent in the elderly population and are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The risk of ischemic stroke increases in advanced age, corresponding with a noted decrease in circulating insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 is a known neuroprotectant involved in embryonic development, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, cognition, and lifespan. Clinically, several studies have shown that reduced levels of IGF-1 correlate with increased mortality rate, poorer functional outcomes, and increased morbidities following an ischemic stroke. In animal models of ischemia, administering exogenous IGF-1 using various routes of administration (intranasal, intravenous, subcutaneous, or topical) at various time points prior to and following insult attenuates neurological damage and accompanying behavioral changes caused by ischemia. However, there are some contrasting findings in select clinical and preclinical studies. This review discusses the role of IGF-1 as a determinant factor of ischemic stroke outcomes, both within the clinical settings and preclinical animal models. Furthermore, the review provides insight on the role of IGF-1 in mechanisms and cellular processes that contribute to stroke damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cellas A Hayes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - M Noa Valcarcel-Ares
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - Nicole M Ashpole
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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17
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Campos J, Silva NA, Salgado AJ. Nutritional interventions for spinal cord injury: preclinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1206-1221. [PMID: 34472615 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that leads to motor, sensory, and autonomic impairments. Its intrinsic pathophysiological complexity has hindered the establishment of effective treatments for decades. Nutritional interventions (NIs) for SCI have been proposed as a route to circumvent some of the problems associated with this condition. Results obtained in animal models point to a more holistic effect, rather than to specific modulation, of several relevant SCI pathophysiological processes. Indeed, published data have shown NI improves energetic imbalance, oxidative damage, and inflammation, which are promoters of improved proteostasis and neurotrophic signaling, leading ultimately to neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. This review focuses on the most well-documented Nis. The mechanistic implications and their translational potential for SCI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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18
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Sharma HS, Lafuente JV, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Menon PK, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Buzoianu AD, Sjöquist PO, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Neuroprotective effects of insulin like growth factor-1 on engineered metal nanoparticles Ag, Cu and Al induced blood-brain barrier breakdown, edema formation, oxidative stress, upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and brain pathology. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 266:97-121. [PMID: 34689867 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel are vulnerable to environmental or industrial exposure of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) from metals. Long-term exposure of NPs from various sources affect sensory-motor or cognitive brain functions. Thus, a possibility exists that chronic exposure of NPs affect blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and brain pathology by inducing oxidative stress and/or nitric oxide production. This hypothesis was examined in the rat intoxicated with Ag, Cu or Al (50-60nm) nanoparticles (50mg/kg, i.p. once daily) for 7 days. In these NPs treated rats the BBB permeability, brain edema, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactivity and brain oxidants levels, e.g., myeloperoxidase (MP), malondialdehyde (MD) and glutathione (GT) was examined on the 8th day. Cu and Ag but not Al nanoparticles increased the MP and MD levels by twofold in the brain although, GT showed 50% decline. At this time increase in brain water content and BBB breakdown to protein tracers were seen in areas exhibiting nNOS positive neurons and cell injuries. Pretreatment with insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in high doses (1μg/kg, i.v. but not 0.5μg/kg daily for 7 days) together with NPs significantly reduced the oxidative stress, nNOS upregulation, BBB breakdown, edema formation and cell injuries. These novel observations demonstrate that (i) NPs depending on their metal constituent (Cu, Ag but not Al) induce oxidative stress and nNOS expression leading to BBB disruption, brain edema and cell damage, and (ii) IGF-1 depending on doses exerts powerful neuroprotection against nanoneurotoxicity, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Per-Ove Sjöquist
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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19
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Herrera ML, Bandín S, Champarini LG, Hereñú CB, Bellini MJ. Intramuscular insulin-like growth factor-1 gene therapy modulates reactive microglia after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2021; 175:196-204. [PMID: 34339780 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive gliosis is a key feature and an important pathophysiological mechanism underlying chronic neurodegeneration following traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we have explored the effects of intramuscular IGF-1 gene therapy on reactive gliosis and functional outcome after an injury of the cerebral cortex. Young adult male rats were intramuscularly injected with a recombinant adenoviral construct harboring the cDNA of human IGF-1 (RAd-IGF1), with a control vector expressing green fluorescent protein (RAd-GFP) or PBS as control. Three weeks after the intramuscular injections of adenoviral vectors, animals were subjected to a unilateral penetrating brain injury. The data revealed that RAd-IGF1 gene therapy significantly increased serum IGF1 levels and improved working memory performance after one week of TBI as compared to PBS or RAd-GFP lesioned animals. At the same time, when we analyzed the effects of therapy on glial scar formation, the treatment with RAd-IGF1 did not modify the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells, but we observed a decrease in vimentin immunoreactive astrocytes at 7 days post-lesion in the injured hemisphere compared to RAd-GFP group. Moreover, IGF-1 gene therapy reduced the number of Iba1+ cells with reactive phenotype and the number of MHCII + cells in the injured hemisphere. These results suggest that intramuscular IGF-1 gene therapy may represent a new approach to prevent traumatic brain injury outcomes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Lorena Herrera
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Farmacología, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sandra Bandín
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Gabriel Champarini
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Farmacología, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Beatriz Hereñú
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Farmacología, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Jose Bellini
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.
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20
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Glial Cells as Therapeutic Approaches in Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071639. [PMID: 34208834 PMCID: PMC8305833 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second cause of mortality and the first cause of long-term disability constituting a serious socioeconomic burden worldwide. Approved treatments include thrombectomy and rtPA intravenous administration, which, despite their efficacy in some cases, are not suitable for a great proportion of patients. Glial cell-related therapies are progressively overcoming inefficient neuron-centered approaches in the preclinical phase. Exploiting the ability of microglia to naturally switch between detrimental and protective phenotypes represents a promising therapeutic treatment, in a similar way to what happens with astrocytes. However, the duality present in many of the roles of these cells upon ischemia poses a notorious difficulty in disentangling the precise pathways to target. Still, promoting M2/A2 microglia/astrocyte protective phenotypes and inhibiting M1/A1 neurotoxic profiles is globally rendering promising results in different in vivo models of stroke. On the other hand, described oligodendrogenesis after brain ischemia seems to be strictly beneficial, although these cells are the less studied players in the stroke paradigm and negative effects could be described for oligodendrocytes in the next years. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the precise role of mentioned glial cell types in the main pathological events of ischemic stroke, including inflammation, blood brain barrier integrity, excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen species management, metabolic support, and neurogenesis, among others, with a special attention to tested therapeutic approaches.
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21
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Salzmann A, James SN, Williams DM, Richards M, Cadar D, Schott JM, Coath W, Sudre CH, Chaturvedi N, Garfield V. Investigating the Relationship Between IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 Concentrations and Later-Life Cognition and Brain Volume. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1617-1629. [PMID: 33631000 PMCID: PMC8118585 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin/insulin-like signaling (IIS) pathways, including insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), vary with age. However, their association with late-life cognition and neuroimaging parameters is not well characterized. METHODS Using data from the British 1946 birth cohort, we investigated associations of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3; measured at 53 and 60-64 years of age) with cognitive performance [word-learning test (WLT) and visual letter search (VLS) at 60-64 years and 69 years of age] and cognitive state [Addenbrooke's Cognitive Exam III (ACE-III) at 69-71 years of age], and in a proportion, quantified neuroimaging measures [whole brain volume (WBV), white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), hippocampal volume (HV)]. Regression models included adjustments for demographic, lifestyle, and health factors. RESULTS Higher IGF-I and IGF-II at 53 years of age was associated with higher ACE-III scores [ß 0.07 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.02, 0.12); scoreACE-III 89.48 (88.86, 90.1), respectively). IGF-II at 53 years of age was additionally associated with higher WLT scores [scoreWLT 20 (19.35, 20.65)]. IGFBP-3 at 60 to 64 years of age was associated with favorable VLS score at 60 to 64 and 69 years of age [ß 0.07 (0.01, 0.12); ß 0.07 (0.02, 0.12), respectively], higher memory and cognitive state at 69 years of age [ß 0.07 (0.01, 0.12); ß 0.07 (0.01, 0.13), respectively], and reduced WMHV [ß -0.1 (-0.21, -0.00)]. IGF-I/IGFBP-3 at 60 to 64 years of was associated with lower VLS scores at 69 years of age [ß -0.08 (-0.15, -0.02)]. CONCLUSIONS Increased measure in IIS parameters (IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3) relate to better cognitive state in later life. There were apparent associations with specific cognitive domains (IGF-II relating to memory; IGFBP-3 relating to memory, processing speed, and WMHV; and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio related to slower processing speed). IGFs and IGFBP-3 are associated with favorable cognitive function outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Salzmann
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah-Naomi James
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dylan M Williams
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dorina Cadar
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, The Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - William Coath
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, The Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Carole H Sudre
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, The Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Garfield
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
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22
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Li S, Li J, Zhou H, Xiong L. Research progress of IGF-1 and cerebral ischemia. IBRAIN 2021; 7:57-67. [PMID: 37786870 PMCID: PMC10528794 DOI: 10.1002/j.2769-2795.2021.tb00066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic disease is a group of diseases that cause insufficient blood supply to the cerebrum, cerebellum or brain stem for different reasons, resulting in corresponding nervous system symptoms. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. Among them, the death caused by cerebral ischemia accounts for the vast majority, and it is one of the fatal diseases in the middle-aged and elderly at present. Epidemiologic studies have projected increasing mortality due to cardiovascular disease worldwide (about 23.3 million people by 2030) because of the aging population. However, related studies have shown that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) is a multifunctional cell proliferation regulator. It plays an important role in cerebral ischemia. It is effective in promoting cell differentiation, proliferation and individual development. Studies have shown that IGF-1 signaling pathway is a key pathway controlling cell growth and survival. There may be five mechanisms in cerebral ischemia: prevention of intracellular calcium overload, inhibition of the upregulation of nNOS, IGF-1upregulations activating HIF-1α, regulation of Bcl-2 to resist apoptosis, and enhancement of vascular endothelial function. Three critical nodes in the IGF-1 signaling pathway have been described in cardiomyocytes: protein kinase Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (InsP3)/Ca2+. IGF-1 plays an important role in cerebral ischemia and myocardial ischemia, mainly by activating downstream of IGF-1, controlling cell death and differentiation or transcription work, improving the function of heart muscle cells, reducing the myocardial cell apoptosis induced by myocardial infarction, regulating endogenous protection and restoration of cerebral ischemia injury, thus protecting cerebral and myocardial injury. Related studies have shown that bcl-2 exerts great influence on both cerebral ischemia and myocardial ischemia. Therefore, the relevant pathways and targets of cerebral ischemia and myocardial ischemia and the role of IGF-1 in protecting the heart are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun‐Lian Li
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide5000South AustraliaAustralia
- Department of AnesthesiaZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide5000South AustraliaAustralia
| | - Hong‐Su Zhou
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide5000South AustraliaAustralia
| | - Liu‐Lin Xiong
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide5000South AustraliaAustralia
- Department of AnesthesiaZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouPeople's Republic of China
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Hou K, Li G, Yu J, Xu K, Wu W. Receptors, Channel Proteins, and Enzymes Involved in Microglia-mediated Neuroinflammation and Treatments by Targeting Microglia in Ischemic Stroke. Neuroscience 2021; 460:167-180. [PMID: 33609636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the largest contributor to global neurological disability-adjusted life-years, posing a huge economic and social burden to the world. Though pharmacological recanalization with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke, clinically, there is still no effective treatment for the secondary injury caused by cerebral ischemia. In recent years, more and more evidences show that neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of ischemic cerebral injury. Microglia are brain resident innate immune cells and act the role peripheral macrophages. They play critical roles in mediating neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is not an isolated process and has complex relationships with other pathophysiological processes as oxidative/nitrative stress, excitotoxicity, necrosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and adaptive immune response. Upon activation, microglia differentially express various receptors, channel proteins, and enzymes involved in promoting or inhibiting the inflammatory processes, making them the targets of intervention for ischemic stroke. To inhibit microglia-related neuroinflammation and promote neurological recovery after ischemic stroke, numerous biochemical agents, cellular therapies, and physical methods have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potentials. Though accumulating experimental evidences have demonstrated that targeting microglia is a promising approach in the treatment of ischemic stroke, the clinical progress is slow. Till now, no clinical study could provide convincing evidence that any biochemical or physical therapies could exert neuroprotective effect by specifically targeting microglia following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Guichen Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Jinlu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
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Zhang W, Tian T, Gong SX, Huang WQ, Zhou QY, Wang AP, Tian Y. Microglia-associated neuroinflammation is a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:6-11. [PMID: 32788440 PMCID: PMC7818879 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.286954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-associated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Microglial activation and polarization, and the inflammatory response mediated by these cells play important roles in the development, progression and outcome of brain injury after ischemic stroke. Currently, there is no effective strategy for treating ischemic stroke in clinical practice. Therefore, it is clinically important to study the role and regulation of microglia in stroke. In this review, we discuss the involvement of microglia in the neuroinflammatory process in ischemic stroke, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the relationship between ischemic stroke and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shao-Xin Gong
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Qian Huang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qin-Yi Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
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Electroacupuncture Attenuates Inflammation after Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting NF- κB-Mediated Activation of Microglia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8163052. [PMID: 32922507 PMCID: PMC7453260 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8163052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglial activation and microglia-mediated inflammation play an important role in the occurrence, development, and outcome of stroke. Brain injury induces the activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 1β, and IL-6. Many studies have confirmed that acupuncture is effective in treating ischemic stroke. However, its protective mechanism against ischemic brain injury is complex and multifactorial. In this study, we observed the effects of electroacupuncture at Baihui (GV20) and Dazhui (GV14) on microglial activation and inflammation in the cortical ischemic penumbra (IP) of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) rats. It was found that electroacupuncture inhibited the degeneration and necrosis of microglia in the cortical IP and ameliorated mitochondrial damage. Immunofluorescence and western blot analysis showed that microglia were in a resting state or weakly activated in the normal brain. After cerebral ischemia, the expression of microglial markers (Iba-1 and CD11b) increased, and NF-κB p65, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression gradually increased. The dynamic changes were generally temporally consistent. Electroacupuncture downregulated the expressions of Iba-1 and CD11b. Additionally, it inhibited the expression of NF-κB p65, IL-1β, and TNF-α and reduced the conversion of microglia to the M1 phenotype after ischemia. Electroacupuncture regulated the activation of microglia and microglia-mediated inflammation after cerebral ischemia, confirming the relevant theories regarding the effect of acupuncture treatment on cerebral ischemia and guiding clinical practice.
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