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Latrèche C, Mancini V, Rochas V, Maeder J, Cantonas LM, Férat V, Schneider M, Michel CM, Eliez S. Using transcranial alternating current stimulation to enhance working memory skills in youths with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A randomized double-blind sham-controlled study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115835. [PMID: 38460352 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal cognitive development, particularly working memory (WM) deficits, is among the first apparent manifestations of psychosis. Yet, cognitive impairment only shows limited response to current pharmacological treatment. Alternative interventions to target cognition are highly needed in individuals at high risk for psychosis, like carriers of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). Here we applied theta-tuned transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) between frontal and temporal regions during a visual WM task in 34 deletion carriers. We conducted a double-blind sham-controlled study over three consecutive days. The stimulation parameters were derived from individual structural MRI scan and HD-EEG data acquired at baseline (Day 1) to model current intensity and individual preferential theta peak. Participants were randomized to either sham or tACS (Days 2 and 3) and then completed a visual WM task and a control task. Our findings reveal that tACS was safe and well-tolerated among participants. We found a significantly increased accuracy in the visual WM but not the control task following tACS. Moreover, this enhancement in WM accuracy was greater after tACS than during tACS, indicating stronger offline effects than online effects. Our study therefore supports the application of repeated sessions of brain stimulation in 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Latrèche
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland.
| | - Valentina Mancini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Rochas
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Human Neuroscience Platform, Fondation Campus Biotech Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Maeder
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Lucia M Cantonas
- Autism Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victor Férat
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M Michel
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
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Williams RJ, Specht JL, Mazerolle EL, Lebel RM, MacDonald ME, Pike GB. Correspondence between BOLD fMRI task response and cerebrovascular reactivity across the cerebral cortex. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1167148. [PMID: 37228813 PMCID: PMC10203231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1167148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BOLD sensitivity to baseline perfusion and blood volume is a well-acknowledged fMRI confound. Vascular correction techniques based on cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) might reduce variance due to baseline cerebral blood volume, however this is predicated on an invariant linear relationship between CVR and BOLD signal magnitude. Cognitive paradigms have relatively low signal, high variance and involve spatially heterogenous cortical regions; it is therefore unclear whether the BOLD response magnitude to complex paradigms can be predicted by CVR. The feasibility of predicting BOLD signal magnitude from CVR was explored in the present work across two experiments using different CVR approaches. The first utilized a large database containing breath-hold BOLD responses and 3 different cognitive tasks. The second experiment, in an independent sample, calculated CVR using the delivery of a fixed concentration of carbon dioxide and a different cognitive task. An atlas-based regression approach was implemented for both experiments to evaluate the shared variance between task-invoked BOLD responses and CVR across the cerebral cortex. Both experiments found significant relationships between CVR and task-based BOLD magnitude, with activation in the right cuneus (R 2 = 0.64) and paracentral gyrus (R 2 = 0.71), and the left pars opercularis (R 2 = 0.67), superior frontal gyrus (R 2 = 0.62) and inferior parietal cortex (R 2 = 0.63) strongly predicted by CVR. The parietal regions bilaterally were highly consistent, with linear regressions significant in these regions for all four tasks. Group analyses showed that CVR correction increased BOLD sensitivity. Overall, this work suggests that BOLD signal response magnitudes to cognitive tasks are predicted by CVR across different regions of the cerebral cortex, providing support for the use of correction based on baseline vascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Williams
- Faculty of Health, School of Human Services, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jacinta L. Specht
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erin L. Mazerolle
- Departments of Psychology and Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - R. Marc Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- GE HealthCare, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M. Ethan MacDonald
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - G. Bruce Pike
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Verbesselt J, Solot CB, Van Den Heuvel E, Crowley TB, Giunta V, Breckpot J, McDonald-McGinn DM, Zink I, Swillen A. Language Profiles of School-Aged Children with 22q11.2 Copy Number Variants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:679. [PMID: 36980951 PMCID: PMC10048271 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that copy number variants (CNVs) on chromosome 22, such as 22q11.2 deletion (22q11.2DS) and 22q11.2 duplication (22q11.2Dup) syndromes, are associated with higher risk for neurodevelopmental issues, few studies have examined the language skills across 22q11.2Dup nor compared them with the 22q11.2DS. The current study aims to characterize language abilities in school-aged children with 22q11.2Dup (n = 29), compared to age-matched children with 22q11.2DS (n = 29). Standardized language tests were administered, assessing receptive and expressive language skills across different language domains. Results indicate that children with 22q11.2Dup demonstrate significantly more language problems compared to the general population. Mean language skills were not significantly different among children with 22q11.2 CNVs in this cohort. While children with 22q11.2DS demonstrated language difficulties starting at the word level, the most common language problems in children with 22q11.2Dup started at the sentence level. Importantly, both expressive and receptive language as well as lexico-semantic and morphosyntactic domains were impaired in children with 22q11.2 CNVs. Early identification, therapeutic intervention, and follow-up of language impairments in children with 22q11.2Dup are recommended to support language development and to reduce longitudinal impact of language and communicative deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jente Verbesselt
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cynthia B. Solot
- Center for Childhood Communication, 22q and You Center, Cleft Lip and Palate Program, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ellen Van Den Heuvel
- Centre for Developmental Disorders, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | | | - Victoria Giunta
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Donna M. McDonald-McGinn
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Human Biology and Medical Genetics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Inge Zink
- Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- MUCLA, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Age-Related Improvements in Executive Functions and Focal Attention in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Vary Across Domain and Task. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2022; 28:337-350. [PMID: 33952381 DOI: 10.1017/s135561772100059x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Executive functions (EF) and focal attention have been identified as a weakness in the profile of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). However, due to a high variety of tasks used across previous studies, it remains unclear whether impairments may be more pronounced for specific subdomains of EF and focal attention. Furthermore, age-related changes have only been examined in a few studies, so far only yielding a partial view of the overall developmental profile. METHOD In a broad age range (8-35 years) composed of longitudinal data, 183 participants (103 diagnosed with 22q11DS) completed an extensive assessment of EF and attention. To get a more comprehensive overview of specific versus global impairments, several tasks were assessed within multiple domains. RESULTS Results suggest differential impairments and trajectories in specific EF subdomains. Specifically, our findings suggest that individuals with 22q11DS not only showed lower overall inhibition skills, but also that initiation skills developed at a slower pace compared to healthy controls. Results are less clear regarding cognitive flexibility, updating and focal attention, for which performance strongly depended on the tasks that was selected to assess the domain. CONCLUSIONS Findings confirm and extend knowledge on differential developmental patterns of EF and attention domains in 22q11DS. They further stress the necessity to administer extensive, multifaceted evaluations to gain a more reliable overview of patients' cognitive profile.
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Cañete-Massé C, Carbó-Carreté M, Peró-Cebollero M, Guàrdia-Olmos J. Task-Related Brain Connectivity Activation Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Intellectual Disability Population: A Meta-analytic Study. Brain Connect 2021; 11:788-798. [PMID: 33757302 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Neuroimaging studies of intellectual disability (ID) have been published over the last three decades, but the findings are often inconsistent, and therefore, the neural correlates of ID remain elusive. This article aims to study the different publications in task-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and different ID populations to make a qualitative and quantitative analysis on this field. Methods: After duplicates were removed, only 10 studies matching our inclusion criteria were incorporated. Moreover, a quality assessment of the included studies was done. Qualitative results of the different articles were analyzed, separated by type of task and type of ID. Seed-based d mapping (SDM) software was used. Results: The right temporal gyrus was more activated in control subjects than in ID. Concretely, the right temporal gyrus is implicated in many cognitive domains as semantic memory processing and language. Moreover, it can be highly influenced by the type of task used in every study. Heterogeneity was not detected. A jackknife sensitivity analysis was also estimated to improve the analysis reliability, and both results were confirmed. Conclusions: More task-fMRI studies on ID must be published to add larger samples to address the pathophysiological questions more directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cañete-Massé
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Carbó-Carreté
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Peró-Cebollero
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Maeder J, Bostelmann M, Schneider M, Bortolin K, Kliegel M, Eliez S. From Learning to Memory: A Comparison Between Verbal and Non-verbal Skills in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:597681. [PMID: 34220562 PMCID: PMC8242156 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.597681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies on possible memory deficits in 22q11DS often focused on quantifying the information memorized, whereas learning processes have been mostly overlooked. Furthermore, methodological differences in task design have made verbal and non-verbal comparison challenging and mixed results have been observed depending on chosen stimuli. Method: 135 participants (78 with 22q11DS) completed a multi-trial memory task modeled after the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, comparing verbal and non-verbal learning as well as retention over time. Performance in the 22q11DS group were compared to controls and learning curves were analyzed. Results: In 22q11DS, slower acquisition of non-verbal material and higher rates of errors in both verbal and non-verbal tasks was observed. After 30 min, free recall performance, when corrected for initial learning rate, was similar between 22q11DS and controls. Conversely, recognition performance was overall weaker for 22q11DS in both modalities (verbal and non-verbal). Conclusion: This study examined how information is acquired, retained in memory over time and how different recall modalities (free recall vs. recognition) could yield different performances. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Maeder
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Bostelmann
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Development, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Bortolin
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, and Swiss National Center of Competences in Research LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Geneva, Switzerland.,Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Seese RR. Working Memory Impairments in Cerebellar Disorders of Childhood. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 107:16-23. [PMID: 32276741 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is a crucial center for motor control and integration. Increasing evidence supports the notion that the cerebellum is also involved in nonmotor functions. Along these lines, multiple cerebellar disorders of childhood and adulthood are associated with behavioral and cognitive symptoms, including impairments in memory. One form of memory commonly affected in cerebellar disorders is working memory, which uses attention to manipulate information that is immediately available to execute cognitive tasks. This article reviews the literature illustrating that working memory impairments are frequently observed in acquired, congenital, and genetic/developmental cerebellar disorders of childhood. Functional neuroimaging studies demonstrate that working memory tasks engage many posterior regions of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. Thus, the cerebellum acts as one important node in the working memory circuit, and when the cerebellum is involved in childhood disorders, deficits in working memory commonly occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Seese
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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8
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Zhang T, Tang X, Li H, Woodberry KA, Kline ER, Xu L, Cui H, Tang Y, Wei Y, Li C, Hui L, Niznikiewicz MA, Shenton ME, Keshavan MS, Stone WS, Wang J. Clinical subtypes that predict conversion to psychosis: A canonical correlation analysis study from the ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis program. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:482-495. [PMID: 31486343 DOI: 10.1177/0004867419872248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since only 30% or fewer of individuals at clinical high risk convert to psychosis within 2 years, efforts are underway to refine risk identification strategies to increase their predictive power. The clinical high risk is a heterogeneous syndrome presenting with highly variable clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions. This study investigated whether subtypes defined by baseline clinical and cognitive features improve the prediction of psychosis. METHOD Four hundred clinical high-risk subjects from the ongoing ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis program were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Canonical correlation analysis was applied to 289 clinical high-risk subjects with completed Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes and cognitive battery tests at baseline, and at least 1-year follow-up. Canonical variates were generated by canonical correlation analysis and then used for hierarchical cluster analysis to produce subtypes. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed from the three subtypes to test their utility further in predicting psychosis. RESULTS Canonical correlation analysis determined two linear combinations: (1) negative symptom and functional deterioration-related cognitive features, and (2) Positive symptoms and emotional disorganization-related cognitive features. Cluster analysis revealed three subtypes defined by distinct and relatively homogeneous patterns along two dimensions, comprising 14.2% (subtype 1, n = 41), 37.4% (subtype 2, n = 108) and 48.4% (subtype 3, n = 140) of the sample, and each with distinctive features of clinical and cognitive performance. Those with subtype 1, which is characterized by extensive negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, appear to have the highest risk for psychosis. The conversion risk for subtypes 1-3 are 39.0%, 11.1% and 18.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results define important subtypes within clinical high-risk syndromes that highlight clinical symptoms and cognitive features that transcend current diagnostic boundaries. The three different subtypes reflect significant differences in clinical and cognitive characteristics as well as in the risk of conversion to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- TianHong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - XiaoChen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - HuiJun Li
- Department of Psychology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kristen A Woodberry
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily R Kline
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - LiHua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - HuiRu Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - YingYing Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - YanYan Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - ChunBo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Hui
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Margaret A Niznikiewicz
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S Stone
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JiJun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai, P.R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Systematic review and multi-modal meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging findings in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Is more evidence needed? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:143-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Larsen KM, Dzafic I, Siebner HR, Garrido MI. Alteration of functional brain architecture in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome – Insights into susceptibility for psychosis. Neuroimage 2019; 190:154-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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A cross-sectional survey of psychotic symptoms in the community: The GRANAD∑P psychosis study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Souchay C, Dubourg L, Ballhausen N, Schneider M, Cerf C, Schnitzspahn K, Faivre L, Kliegel M, Eliez S. Time-based prospective memory in children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 32:981-992. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1403652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Souchay
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Lydia Dubourg
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Ballhausen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charline Cerf
- Centre de Génétique & FHU-TRANSLAD, Hospital and University of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Génétique & FHU-TRANSLAD, Hospital and University of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Roalf DR, Eric Schmitt J, Vandekar SN, Satterthwaite TD, Shinohara RT, Ruparel K, Elliott MA, Prabhakaran K, McDonald-McGinn DM, Zackai EH, Gur RC, Emanuel BS, Gur RE. White matter microstructural deficits in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Psychiatry Res 2017; 268:35-44. [PMID: 28865345 PMCID: PMC5814141 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a neurogenetic condition associated with psychosis, report brain white matter (WM) microstructure aberrations. Several studies report that WM disruptions in 22q11DS are similar to deficits in idiopathic schizophrenia. Yet, DTI results in 22q11DS are inconsistent. We used DTI to compare WM structure in 22q11DS individuals to healthy controls (HC) and explored WM differences in 22q11DS with (+) and without (-) psychosis spectrum symptoms. We examined 39 22q11DS individuals and 39 age, sex and race equivalent HC. DTI was performed at 3T using a 64-direction protocol. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was lower, while radial diffusivity was higher in 22q11DS within the cingulum bundle. Mean diffusivity was lower in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, while axial diffusivity (AD) was lower in the cingulum bundle, forceps major, and several posterior to anterior fasciculi. 22q11DS+ had lower FA in the cingulum bundle and lower AD in the uncinate fasciculus compared to 22q11DS-. Overall, we found aberrant WM microstructure in individuals with 22q11DS compared to age and sex matched HC and exploratory analysis indicated subtle WM deficits associated with psychosis. The findings highlight the dysfunction of WM microstructure in 22q11DS and its potential importance in elucidating WM abnormalities in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Roalf
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - J Eric Schmitt
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon N Vandekar
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A Elliott
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karthik Prabhakaran
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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14
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Sanders AFP, Hobbs DA, Stephenson DD, Laird RD, Beaton EA. Working Memory Impairments in Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: The Roles of Anxiety and Stress Physiology. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:992-1005. [PMID: 28083777 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-3011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress and anxiety have a negative impact on working memory systems by competing for executive resources and attention. Broad memory deficits, anxiety, and elevated stress have been reported in individuals with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). We investigated anxiety and physiological stress reactivity in relation to visuospatial working memory impairments in 20 children with 22q11.2DS and 32 typically developing (TD) children ages 7 to 16. Children with 22q11.2DS demonstrated poorer working memory, reduced post-stress respiratory sinus arrhythmia recovery, and overall increased levels of cortisol in comparison to TD children. Anxiety, but not physiological stress responsivity, mediated the relationship between 22q11.2DS diagnosis and visuospatial working memory impairment. Findings indicate that anxiety exacerbates impaired working memory in children with 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F P Sanders
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
| | - Diana A Hobbs
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
| | - David D Stephenson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
| | - Robert D Laird
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
| | - Elliott A Beaton
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA.
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15
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Ibrahim AFA, Montojo CA, Haut KM, Karlsgodt KH, Hansen L, Congdon E, Rosser T, Bilder RM, Silva AJ, Bearden CE. Spatial working memory in neurofibromatosis 1: Altered neural activity and functional connectivity. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 15:801-811. [PMID: 28725547 PMCID: PMC5501884 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder that disrupts central nervous system development and neuronal function. Cognitively, NF1 is characterized by difficulties with executive control and visuospatial abilities. Little is known about the neural substrates underlying these deficits. The current study utilized Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) to explore the neural correlates of spatial working memory (WM) deficits in patients with NF1. Methods BOLD images were acquired from 23 adults with NF1 (age M = 32.69; 61% male) and 25 matched healthy controls (age M = 33.08; 64% male) during an in-scanner visuo-spatial WM task. Whole brain functional and psycho-physiological interaction analyses were utilized to investigate neural activity and functional connectivity, respectively, during visuo-spatial WM performance. Participants also completed behavioral measures of spatial reasoning and verbal WM. Results Relative to healthy controls, participants with NF1 showed reduced recruitment of key components of WM circuitry, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right parietal cortex. In addition, healthy controls exhibited greater simultaneous deactivation between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and temporal regions than NF1 patients. In contrast, NF1 patients showed greater PCC and bilateral parietal connectivity with visual cortices as well as between the PCC and the cerebellum. In NF1 participants, increased functional coupling of the PCC with frontal and parietal regions was associated with better spatial reasoning and WM performance, respectively; these relationships were not observed in controls. Conclusions Dysfunctional engagement of WM circuitry, and aberrant functional connectivity of ‘task-negative’ regions in NF1 patients may underlie spatial WM difficulties characteristic of the disorder. NF1 is a monogenic disorder associated with executive function deficits. Hypoactivity of working memory circuitry in NF1 patients relative to controls Increased PCC connectivity with visual cortex/cerebellum in NF1 patients during task Greater simultaneous deactivation between default mode regions in controls Greater PCC-frontal coupling associated with better behavioral performance in NF1
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira F A Ibrahim
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | | | - Kristen M Haut
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, United States
| | - Katherine H Karlsgodt
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Laura Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Eliza Congdon
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Tena Rosser
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Robert M Bilder
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Alcino J Silva
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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16
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Padula MC, Schaer M, Scariati E, Maeder J, Schneider M, Eliez S. Multimodal investigation of triple network connectivity in patients with 22q11DS and association with executive functions. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2177-2189. [PMID: 28117515 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale brain networks play a prominent role in cognitive abilities and their activity is impaired in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at high risk of developing schizophrenia and present similar cognitive impairments, including executive functions deficits. Thus, 22q11DS represents a model for the study of neural biomarkers associated with schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated structural and functional connectivity within and between the Default Mode (DMN), the Central Executive (CEN), and the Saliency network (SN) in 22q11DS using resting-state fMRI and DTI. Furthermore, we investigated if triple network impairments were related to executive dysfunctions or the presence of psychotic symptoms. Sixty-three patients with 22q11DS and sixty-eighty controls (age 6-33 years) were included in the study. Structural connectivity between main nodes of DMN, CEN, and SN was computed using probabilistic tractography. Functional connectivity was computed as the partial correlation between the time courses extracted from each node. Structural and functional connectivity measures were then correlated to executive functions and psychotic symptom scores. Our results showed mainly reduced structural connectivity within the CEN, DMN, and SN, in patients with 22q11DS compared with controls as well as reduced between-network connectivity. Functional connectivity appeared to be more preserved, with impairments being evident only within the DMN. Structural connectivity impairments were also related to executive dysfunctions. These findings show an association between triple network structural alterations and executive deficits in patients with the microdeletion, suggesting that 22q11DS and schizophrenia share common psychopathological mechanisms. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2177-2189, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Padula
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Schaer
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Stanford Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Elisa Scariati
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Maeder
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Bertini V, Valetto A, Azzarà A, Legitimo A, Saggese G, Consolini R, Orsini A, Bonuccelli A. A Case of 22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) with a Panayiotopoulos Epileptic Pattern: Are Additional Copy-Number Variations a Possible Second Hit in Modulating the 22q11DS Phenotype? Front Pediatr 2017; 5:48. [PMID: 28377914 PMCID: PMC5359231 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
"22q11 deletion syndrome" (22q11DS) is a rare genetic syndrome, in which most patients share the same deletion, but their clinical features may vary a great deal. The genetic mechanisms underlying the variable expressivity and reduced penetrance of 22q11DS still have to be fully elucidated. Epilepsy has been reported in about 15.2% of the patients; however, few studies have focused on this topic, and in most cases, a detailed epileptic profile is missing. Since only a minority of patients experience epileptic seizures, 22q11deletion can be considered a predisposing factor, which is not sufficient "per se" to cause epilepsy; to date, no candidate gene for epilepsy has been identified in the deleted region. We report on a 6-year-old girl with 22q11DS presenting a form of epilepsy that can be classified as "Panayiotopoulos syndrome." Array CGH revealed an additional microduplication of 172 kb in 2q37, harboring three genes. One of these, DGKD (diacylglycerol kinase delta), is interrupted by the distal breakpoint of the duplication. DGKD encodes a cytoplasmic enzyme that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to produce phosphatidic acid. This is an important second messenger in a pathway of lipid signaling that has been implicated in epilepsy and other neurological diseases. Disruption of DGKD by a t(X;2) has been previously reported in a patient with epilepsy. The 2q37 microduplication was inherited from her mother, who never experienced epileptic seizures, thus this imbalance is not "per se" sufficient to cause epilepsy. It can be hypothesized that the epileptic phenotype is provoked by the simultaneous presence of 22q11.2 deletion and 2q37 duplication. It has been shown that rare additional copy-number variations (CNVs) outside the 22q11.2 region may modulate the risk of congenital heart defects. It is possible that also for the epileptic phenotype, the additional CNVs may represent an important modifying factor underlying the variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance in the 22q11DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bertini
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy
| | - Angelo Valetto
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy
| | - Alessia Azzarà
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Saggese
- Laboratory of Immunology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Section of Pediatric Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rita Consolini
- Laboratory of Immunology, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy
| | - Alice Bonuccelli
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy
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18
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O'Hanlon E, Howley S, Prasad S, McGrath J, Leemans A, McDonald C, Garavan H, Murphy KC. Multimodal MRI reveals structural connectivity differences in 22q11 deletion syndrome related to impaired spatial working memory. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:4689-4705. [PMID: 27511297 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impaired spatial working memory is a core cognitive deficit observed in people with 22q11 Deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and has been suggested as a candidate endophenotype for schizophrenia. However, to date, the neuroanatomical mechanisms describing its structural and functional underpinnings in 22q11DS remain unclear. We quantitatively investigate the cognitive processes and associated neuroanatomy of spatial working memory in people with 22q11DS compared to matched controls. We examine whether there are significant between-group differences in spatial working memory using task related fMRI, Voxel based morphometry and white matter fiber tractography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging employing functional, diffusion and volumetric techniques were used to quantitatively assess the cognitive and neuroanatomical features of spatial working memory processes in 22q11DS. Twenty-six participants with genetically confirmed 22q11DS aged between 9 and 52 years and 26 controls aged between 8 and 46 years, matched for age, gender, and handedness were recruited. RESULTS People with 22q11DS have significant differences in spatial working memory functioning accompanied by a gray matter volume reduction in the right precuneus. Gray matter volume was significantly correlated with task performance scores in these areas. Tractography revealed extensive differences along fibers between task-related cortical activations with pronounced differences localized to interhemispheric commissural fibers within the parietal section of the corpus callosum. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal spatial working memory in 22q11DS is associated with aberrant functional activity in conjunction with gray and white matter structural abnormalities. These anomalies in discrete brain regions may increase susceptibility to the development of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4689-4705, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik O'Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Educational and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.,School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah Howley
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Educational and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sarah Prasad
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Educational and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jane McGrath
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Colm McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hugh Garavan
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Vermont, USA
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Educational and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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19
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Biswas AB, Furniss F. Cognitive phenotype and psychiatric disorder in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 53-54:242-257. [PMID: 26942704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The behavioural phenotype of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome syndrome (22q11DS), one of the most common human multiple anomaly syndromes, frequently includes intellectual disability (ID) together with high risk of diagnosis of psychotic disorders including schizophrenia. Candidate cognitive endophenotypes include problems with retrieval of contextual information from memory and in executive control and focussing of attention. 22q11DS may offer a model of the relationship between ID and risk of psychiatric disorder. This paper reviews research on the relationship between the cognitive phenotype and the development of psychiatric disorders in 22q11DS. Aspects of cognitive function including verbal I.Q., visual memory, and executive function, are associated with mental health outcome in people with 22q11DS. This relationship may result from a common neurobiological basis for the cognitive difficulties and psychiatric disorders. Some of the cognitive difficulties experienced by people with 22q11DS, especially in attention, memory retrieval, and face processing, may, however, in themselves constitute risk factors for development of hallucinations and paranoid delusions. Future research into factors leading to psychiatric disorder in people with 22q11DS should include assessment of social and psychological factors including life events, symptoms associated with trauma, attachment, and self-esteem, which together with cognitive risk factors may mediate mental health outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit B Biswas
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust & University of Leicester* Leicester Frith Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QF, UK.
| | - Frederick Furniss
- The Hesley Group* Doncaster* U.K. & University of Leicester, 104 Regent Road, Leicester LE1 7LT, UK.
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20
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Yi JJ, Weinberger R, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Guri Y, McDonald-McGinn DM, Zackai EH, Emanuel BS, Gur RE, Gothelf D, Gur RC. Performance on a computerized neurocognitive battery in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A comparison between US and Israeli cohorts. Brain Cogn 2016; 106:33-41. [PMID: 27200494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, the effects of copy number variation (CNV) in the genome on brain function and behaviors are recognized as means to elucidate pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Such studies require large samples and we characterized the neurocognitive profile of two cohorts of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), the most common CNV associated with schizophrenia, in an effort to harmonize phenotyping in multi-site global collaborations. The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (PCNB) was administered to individuals with 22q11DS in Philadelphia (PHL; n=155, aged 12-40) and Tel Aviv (TLV; n=59, aged 12-36). We examined effect sizes of performance differences between the cohorts and confirmed the factor structure of PCNB performance efficiency in the combined sample based on data from a large comparison community sample. The cohorts performed comparably with notable deficits in executive function, episodic memory and social cognition domains that were previously associated with abnormal neuroimaging findings in 22q11DS. In mixed model analysis, while there was a main effect for site for accuracy (number of correct response) and speed (time to correct response) independently, there were no main site effects for standardized efficiency (average of accuracy and speed). The fit of a structural model was excellent indicating that PCNB tests were related to the targeted cognitive domains. Thus, our results provide preliminary support for the use of the PCNB as an efficient tool for neurocognitive assessment in international 22q11DS collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Yi
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ronnie Weinberger
- The Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yael Guri
- The Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Doron Gothelf
- The Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Bearden CE, Hellemann GS, Rosser T, Montojo C, Jonas R, Enrique N, Pacheco L, Hussain SA, Wu JY, Ho JS, McGough JJ, Sugar CA, Silva AJ. A randomized placebo-controlled lovastatin trial for neurobehavioral function in neurofibromatosis I. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:266-79. [PMID: 27081657 PMCID: PMC4818747 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Lovastatin has been shown to reverse learning deficits in a mouse model of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), a common monogenic disorder caused by a mutation in the Ras‐MAPK pathway and associated with learning disabilities. We conducted a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial to assess lovastatin's effects on cognition and behavior in patients with NF1. Method Forty‐four NF1 patients (mean age 25.7+/−11.6 years; 64% female) were randomly assigned to 14 weeks of lovastatin (N = 23; maximum dose of 80 mg/day for adult participants and 40 mg/day for children) or placebo (N = 21). Based on findings in the mouse model, primary outcome measures were nonverbal learning and working memory. Secondary outcome measures included verbal memory, attention, and self/parent‐reported behavioral problems, as well as tolerability of medication. Participants also underwent neuroimaging assessments at baseline and 14 weeks, to determine whether neural biomarkers were associated with treatment response. Linear mixed models assessed for differential treatment effects on outcome measures. Results Twelve participants dropped from the study prior to completion (8 placebo, 4 lovastatin), resulting in 32 completers (15 placebo, 17 lovastatin). Lovastatin was well‐tolerated, with no serious adverse events. Differential improvement favoring lovastatin treatment was observed for one primary (working memory; effect size f2 = 0.70, P < 0.01) and two secondary outcome measures (verbal memory, f2 = 0.19, P = 0.02, and adult self‐reported internalizing problems, f2 = 0.26, P = 0.03). Exploratory moderator analyses revealed that higher baseline neural activity in frontal regions was associated with larger treatment effects. Interpretation These preliminary results suggest beneficial effects of lovastatin on some learning and memory functions, as well as internalizing symptoms in patients with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Gerhard S Hellemann
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Tena Rosser
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles USC Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles California
| | - Caroline Montojo
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Rachel Jonas
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Nicole Enrique
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Laura Pacheco
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Shaun A Hussain
- Division of Pediatric Neurology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Joyce Y Wu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Jennifer S Ho
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology Los Angeles California
| | - James J McGough
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Catherine A Sugar
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California; Department of Biostatistics University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Alcino J Silva
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California; Department of Neurobiology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
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22
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Schmock H, Vangkilde A, Larsen KM, Fischer E, Birknow MR, Jepsen JRM, Olesen C, Skovby F, Plessen KJ, Mørup M, Hulme O, Baaré WFC, Didriksen M, Siebner HR, Werge T, Olsen L. The Danish 22q11 research initiative. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:220. [PMID: 26384214 PMCID: PMC4574168 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental brain disorders such as schizophrenia, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are complex disorders with heterogeneous etiologies. Schizophrenia and autism are difficult to treat and often cause major individual suffering largely owing to our limited understanding of the disease biology. Thus our understanding of the biological pathogenesis needs to be substantiated to enable development of more targeted treatment options with improved efficacy. Insights into the pre-morbid disease dynamics, the morbid condition and the underlying biological disease mechanisms may come from studies of subjects with homogenous etiologies. Breakthroughs in psychiatric genetics have shown that several genetic anomalies predispose for neurodevelopmental brain disorders. We have established a Danish research initiative to study the common microdeletion at chromosome 22q11.2, which is one of the genetic anomalies that confer high risk of schizophrenia, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. METHODS/DESIGN The study applies a "cause-to-outcome" strategy to identify pre-morbid pathogenesis and underlying biological disease mechanisms of psychosis and secondarily the morbid condition of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We use a population based epidemiological design to inform on disease prevalence, environmental risk factors and familial disposition for mental health disorders and a case control study design to map the functional effects across behavioral and neurophysiological traits of the 22q11 deletion in a recruited sample of Danish individuals. DISCUSSION Identification of predictive pre-morbid clinical, cognitive, functional and structural brain alterations in 22q11 deletion carriers may alter current clinical practice from symptomatic therapy of manifest mental illness into early intervention strategies, which may also be applicable to at risk subjects without known etiology. Hopefully new insights into the biological disease mechanisms, which are mandatory for novel drug developments, can improve the outcome of the pharmacological interventions in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Schmock
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark ,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Vangkilde
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark ,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kit Melissa Larsen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark ,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark ,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark ,DTU Compute, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads Building 324, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elvira Fischer
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark ,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Bispebjerg Bakke 30, 2400 København NV, Denmark ,Lundbeck Foundation Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Ndr. Ringvej 29-67, DK- 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Olesen
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Flemming Skovby
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Bispebjerg Bakke 30, 2400 København NV, Denmark ,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Morten Mørup
- DTU Compute, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads Building 324, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ollie Hulme
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - William Frans Christiaan Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark ,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København NV, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark ,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark ,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Line Olsen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Meechan DW, Maynard TM, Tucker ES, Fernandez A, Karpinski BA, Rothblat LA, LaMantia AS. Modeling a model: Mouse genetics, 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, and disorders of cortical circuit development. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 130:1-28. [PMID: 25866365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the developmental etiology of autistic spectrum disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia remains a major challenge for establishing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these common, difficult-to-treat diseases that compromise neural circuits in the cerebral cortex. One aspect of this challenge is the breadth and overlap of ASD, ADHD, and SCZ deficits; another is the complexity of mutations associated with each, and a third is the difficulty of analyzing disrupted development in at-risk or affected human fetuses. The identification of distinct genetic syndromes that include behavioral deficits similar to those in ASD, ADHC and SCZ provides a critical starting point for meeting this challenge. We summarize clinical and behavioral impairments in children and adults with one such genetic syndrome, the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, routinely called 22q11DS, caused by micro-deletions of between 1.5 and 3.0 MB on human chromosome 22. Among many syndromic features, including cardiovascular and craniofacial anomalies, 22q11DS patients have a high incidence of brain structural, functional, and behavioral deficits that reflect cerebral cortical dysfunction and fall within the spectrum that defines ASD, ADHD, and SCZ. We show that developmental pathogenesis underlying this apparent genetic "model" syndrome in patients can be defined and analyzed mechanistically using genomically accurate mouse models of the deletion that causes 22q11DS. We conclude that "modeling a model", in this case 22q11DS as a model for idiopathic ASD, ADHD and SCZ, as well as other behavioral disorders like anxiety frequently seen in 22q11DS patients, in genetically engineered mice provides a foundation for understanding the causes and improving diagnosis and therapy for these disorders of cortical circuit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Meechan
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Thomas M Maynard
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Eric S Tucker
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Neuroscience Graduate Program, and Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Alejandra Fernandez
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Beverly A Karpinski
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lawrence A Rothblat
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anthony-S LaMantia
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
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