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Parlatini V, Bellato A, Roy S, Murphy D, Cortese S. Association Between Single-Dose and Longer Term Clinical Response to Stimulants in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39027968 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2024.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: Stimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH) and amphetamines, represent the first-line pharmacological option for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated beneficial effects at a group level but could not identify characteristics consistently associated with varying individual response. Thus, more individualized approaches are needed. Experimental studies have suggested that the neurobiological response to a single dose is indicative of longer term response. It is unclear whether this also applies to clinical measures. Methods: We carried out a systematic review of RCTs testing the association between the clinical response to a single dose of stimulants and longer term improvement. Potentially suitable single-dose RCTs were identified from the MED-ADHD data set, the European ADHD Guidelines Group RCT Data set (https://med-adhd.org/), as updated on February 1, 2024. Quality assessment was carried out using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0 tool. Results: A total of 63 single-dose RCTs (94% testing MPH, 85% in children) were identified. Among these, only a secondary analysis of an RCT tested the association between acute and longer term clinical response. This showed that the clinical improvement after a single dose of MPH was significantly associated with symptom improvement after a 4-week MPH treatment in 46 children (89% males) with ADHD. The risk of bias was rated as moderate. A further RCT used near-infrared spectroscopy, thus did not meet the inclusion criteria, and reported an association between brain changes under a single-dose and longer term clinical response in 22 children (82% males) with ADHD. The remaining RCTs only reported single-dose effects on neuropsychological, neuroimaging, or neurophysiological measures. Conclusion: This systematic review highlighted an important gap in the current knowledge. Investigating how acute and long-term response may be related can foster our understanding of stimulant mechanism of action and help develop stratification approaches for more tailored treatment strategies. Future studies need to investigate potential age- and sex-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Parlatini
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Bellato
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
- Mind and Neurodevelopment (MiND) Research Group, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Sulagna Roy
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Murphy
- Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Samuele Cortese
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, New York, USA
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Wang M, Wang T, Li X, Yuan Y. Low-intensity ultrasound stimulation modulates cortical neurovascular coupling in an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder rat model. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11646-11655. [PMID: 37874023 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is accompanied by changes in cranial nerve function and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Low-intensity ultrasound stimulation can modulate brain neural activity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, to date, the modulatory effects of low-intensity ultrasound stimulation on CBF and neurovascular coupling in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have not been reported. To address this question, Sprague-Dawley, Wistar-Kyoto, and spontaneously hypertensive (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rat model) rats were divided into the control and low-intensity ultrasound stimulation (LIUS) groups. Cortical electrical stimulation was used to induce cortical excitability in different types of rats, and a penetrable laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) system and electrodes were used to evaluate the electrical stimulation-induced CBF, cortical excitability, and neurovascular coupling in free-moving rats. The CBF, cortical excitability, and neurovascular coupling (NVC) under cortical electrical stimulation in the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder rats were significantly different from those in the Sprague-Dawley and Wistar-Kyoto rats. We also found that low-intensity ultrasound stimulation significantly interfered with the cortical excitability and neurovascular coupling induced by cortical electrical stimulation in rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Our findings suggest that neurovascular coupling is a potential biomarker for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, low-intensity ultrasound stimulation can improve abnormal brain function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and lay a research foundation for its application in the clinical treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Hirata R, Yoshimura S, Kobayashi K, Aki M, Shibata M, Ueno T, Miyagi T, Oishi N, Murai T, Fujiwara H. Differences between subclinical attention-deficit/hyperactivity and autistic traits in default mode, salience, and frontoparietal network connectivities in young adult Japanese. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19724. [PMID: 37957246 PMCID: PMC10643712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are associated with attentional impairments, with both commonalities and differences in the nature of their attention deficits. This study aimed to investigate the neural correlates of ADHD and ASD traits in healthy individuals, focusing on the functional connectivity (FC) of attention-related large-scale brain networks (LSBNs). The participants were 61 healthy individuals (30 men; age, 21.9 ± 1.9 years). The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) were administered as indicators of ADHD and ASD traits, respectively. Performance in the continuous performance test (CPT) was used as a behavioural measure of sustained attentional function. Functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed during the resting state (Rest) and auditory oddball task (Odd). Considering the critical role in attention processing, we focused our analyses on the default mode (DMN), frontoparietal (FPN), and salience (SN) networks. Region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI analyses (false discovery rate < 0.05) were performed to determine relationships between psychological measures with within-network FC (DMN, FPN, and SN) as well as with between-network FC (DMN-FPN, DMN-SN, and FPN-SN). ASRS scores, but not AQ scores, were correlated with less frequent commission errors and shorter reaction times in the CPT. During Odd, significant positive correlations with ASRS were demonstrated in multiple FCs within DMN, while significant positive correlations with AQ were demonstrated in multiple FCs within FPN. AQs were negatively correlated with FPN-SN FCs. During Rest, AQs were negatively and positively correlated with one FC within the SN and multiple FCs between the DMN and SN, respectively. These findings of the ROI-to-ROI analysis were only partially replicated in a split-half replication analysis, a replication analysis with open-access data sets, and a replication analysis with a structure-based atlas. The better CPT performance by individuals with subclinical ADHD traits suggests positive effects of these traits on sustained attention. Differential associations between LSBN FCs and ASD/ADHD traits corroborate the notion of differences in sustained and selective attention between clinical ADHD and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Hirata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoinkawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068397, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshimura
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Organization for Promotion of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Research, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Key Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Morio Aki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mami Shibata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Integrated Clinical Education Center, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Oishi
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoinkawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068397, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoinkawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068397, Japan.
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan.
- Artificial Intelligence Ethics and Society Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan.
- The General Research Division, Osaka University Research Center on Ethical, Legal and Social Issues, Kyoto, Japan.
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ADHD Follow-Up in Adulthood among Subjects Treated for the Disorder in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service from 1995 to 2015. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020338. [PMID: 36837537 PMCID: PMC9966311 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity and can persist in adulthood. The aim of this study is to deepen knowledge about adult ADHD follow-up. Materials and Methods: This observational study consists of one retrospective part aimed at collecting records of children and adolescents treated for ADHD in the Children and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) from 1995 to 2015 and, successively, at identifying their adult follow-up in Adult Mental Health Service (AMHS); the second part consists of ADHD scale administration, Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA 2-0) and Adult Self Rating Scale (ASRSv1.1), for the subjects currently being treated at AMHS who agreed to participate in the study. Results: We observed that among the 55 patients treated at CAMHS between 1995 and 2015 for ADHD and subsequently at the AMHS, none presented a diagnosis of ADHD; instead, they were treated for Intellectual Dysfunction (33%), Borderline Personality Disorder (15%) and Anxiety Disorders (9%), and two individuals were also diagnosed with comorbid substance/alcohol abuse (4%). Of the 55 patients, only 25 (45%) were treated at AMHS during the study period. Though we asked for their informed consent to administer the questionnaires, we were able to test only seven patients. The ASRS-V1.1 score showed that 43% of patients reported symptoms of ADHD persistence in adulthood. For DIVA 2.0, 57% of individuals reported scores indicating the persistence of the ADHD inattention component, and 43% the persistence of both ADHD dimensions. Conclusions: ADHD cannot be considered a disorder confined to childhood/adolescence but instead is a chronic and complex condition that can persist into adulthood. The very small size of our final sample may account for both the high ADHD dropout rate over the long follow-up period and the difficult transition from child to adult health care in ADHD treatment. Our investigation suggests the need for specific training in the diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD and the implementation of transition protocols between minor and adult services to improve long-term treatments.
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Luo L, Chen L, Wang Y, Li Q, He N, Li Y, You W, Wang Y, Long F, Guo L, Luo K, Sweeney JA, Gong Q, Li F. Patterns of brain dynamic functional connectivity are linked with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related behavioral and cognitive dimensions. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-12. [PMID: 36748350 PMCID: PMC10600939 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder defined by characteristic behavioral and cognitive features. Abnormal brain dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) has been associated with the disorder. The full spectrum of ADHD-related variation of brain dynamics and its association with behavioral and cognitive features remain to be established. METHODS We sought to identify patterns of brain dynamics linked to specific behavioral and cognitive dimensions using sparse canonical correlation analysis across a cohort of children with and without ADHD (122 children in total, 63 with ADHD). Then, using mediation analysis, we tested the hypothesis that cognitive deficits mediate the relationship between brain dynamics and ADHD-associated behaviors. RESULTS We identified four distinct patterns of dFC, each corresponding to a specific dimension of behavioral or cognitive function (r = 0.811-0.879). Specifically, the inattention/hyperactivity dimension was positively associated with dFC within the default mode network (DMN) and negatively associated with dFC between DMN and the sensorimotor network (SMN); the somatization dimension was positively associated with dFC within DMN and SMN; the inhibition and flexibility dimension and fluency and memory dimensions were both positively associated with dFC within DMN and between DMN and SMN, and negatively associated with dFC between DMN and the fronto-parietal network. Furthermore, we observed that cognitive functions of inhibition and flexibility mediated the relationship between brain dynamics and behavioral manifestations of inattention and hyperactivity. CONCLUSIONS These findings document the importance of distinct patterns of dynamic functional brain activity for different cardinal behavioral and cognitive features related to ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekai Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lizhou Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wanfang You
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Long
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lanting Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - John A. Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, P.R China
| | - Fei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Glaubitz L, Stumme J, Lucht S, Moebus S, Schramm S, Jockwitz C, Hoffmann B, Caspers S. Association between Long-Term Air Pollution, Chronic Traffic Noise, and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the 1000BRAINS Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:97007. [PMID: 36154234 PMCID: PMC9512146 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults show a high variability in cognitive performance that cannot be explained by aging alone. Although research has linked air pollution and noise to cognitive impairment and structural brain alterations, the potential impact of air pollution and noise on functional brain organization is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study examined the associations between long-term air pollution and traffic noise with measures of functional brain organization in older adults. We hypothesize that exposures to high air pollution and noise levels are associated with age-like changes in functional brain organization, shown by less segregated brain networks. METHODS Data from 574 participants (44.1% female, 56-85 years of age) in the German 1000BRAINS study (2011-2015) were analyzed. Exposure to particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5 absorbance), accumulation mode particle number (PNAM), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was estimated applying land-use regression and chemistry transport models. Noise exposures were assessed as weighted 24-h (Lden) and nighttime (Lnight) means. Functional brain organization of seven established brain networks (visual, sensorimotor, dorsal and ventral attention, limbic, frontoparietal and default network) was assessed using resting-state functional brain imaging data. To assess functional brain organization, we determined the degree of segregation between networks by comparing the strength of functional connections within and between networks. We estimated associations between air pollution and noise exposure with network segregation, applying multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle variables. RESULTS Overall, small associations of high exposures with lesser segregated networks were visible. For the sensorimotor networks, we observed small associations between high air pollution and noise and lower network segregation, which had a similar effect size as a 1-y increase in age [e.g., in sensorimotor network, -0.006 (95% CI: -0.021, 0.009) per 0.3 ×10-5/m increase in PM2.5 absorbance and -0.004 (95% CI: -0.006, -0.002) per 1-y age increase]. CONCLUSION High exposure to air pollution and noise was associated with less segregated functional brain networks. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Glaubitz
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Stumme
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Lucht
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sara Schramm
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Madiouni C, Broc G, Cindy L, Bayard S. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Insomnia, and Sleepiness Symptoms among a Community Adult Sample: The Mediating Effect of Executive Behavioral Regulation and Metacognition Abilities. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 37:916-928. [PMID: 35175334 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a dysexecutive syndrome reflected in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral areas. Independently of a formal diagnosis of ADHD, higher ADHD symptoms are associated with higher levels of insomnia and sleepiness symptoms in adult population-based samples. Insomnia and sleepiness are sleep disorders that are both associated with deficits in several aspects of executive functions which in turn are likely to mimic a range of ADHD symptoms. Our objective was to explore the interrelationships between ADHD, insomnia, and sleepiness symptoms and executive functioning in community-dwelling adults. METHOD A total of 442 participants (18-89 years, 56% females) underwent a semistructured clinical interview and completed questionnaires for insomnia, sleepiness, and everyday behaviors in which executive functions are implicated. Mediation Models were applied. RESULTS Insomnia and sleepiness symptoms did not play a mediating role between ADHD symptoms and executive functioning. Conversely, our results highlighted a mediating effect of daytime insomnia consequences and sleepiness on ADHD symptoms via behavioral regulation executive symptoms (respectively, β = -0.32, p < .001, 95% CI [-0.46, -0.20]; β = 0.09, p < .05, 95% CI [0.02, 0.16]) and metacognitive executive symptoms (respectively, β = -0.30, p < .001, 95% CI [-0.44, -0.18]; β = 0.12, p < .01, 95% CI [0.04, 0.22]). CONCLUSIONS Daytime insomnia consequences and sleepiness symptoms could lead to ADHD-like symptoms through their associated executive symptoms expressed in daily life. When faced with symptoms suggestive of ADHD in adults, insomnia and sleepiness should be systematically screened with standardized instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Madiouni
- EPSYLON, EA 4556, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, F34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Broc
- EPSYLON, EA 4556, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, F34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Lebrun Cindy
- EPSYLON, EA 4556, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, F34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Bayard
- EPSYLON, EA 4556, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, F34000, Montpellier, France
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Tripathi V, Garg R. Weak Task Synchronization of Default Mode Network in Task Based Paradigms. Neuroimage 2022; 251:118940. [PMID: 35121184 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The brains Default mode network (DMN) is generally characterized by brain areas that gets deactivated upon the presentation of a wide variety of externally focused, attention demanding tasks. These areas also exhibit significant intra-DMN functional connectivity and significant negative functional connectivity with other brain areas, especially with attention networks, in both resting state and task conditions. Therefore, the DMN has been hypothesized to be involved in internally directed cognitive activities such as autobiographical recall of the past, future planning and mind wandering. Recent research has discovered the role of bottom-up attention in modulating the behaviour of DMN. We hypothesize that the de-engagement of the DMN regions upon the presentation of an externally-focused attention-demanding stimulus may not be strictly stimulus locked and may exhibit significant trial-to-trial as well as subject-to-subject variability. Due to the involvement of frontoparietal control network in modulating the anticorrelations between DMN and dorsal attention network (DAN), we expect the DMN regions to have lower inter-trial and inter-subject synchronization in their fMRI BOLD responses as compared to the bottom-up early-sensory task-positive regions. To test this hypothesis, we designed new statistical methods called Inter Trial Temporal Synchronization Analysis (IT-TSA) and Inter Subject TSA (IS-TSA) to analyse variability across trials and subjects respectively. We analysed four publicly available datasets (total 223 subjects) across seven tasks related to different cognitive modalities and found out that there is significantly low stimulus-locked synchronization across trials and subjects in the DMN regions as compared to early sensory task positive regions. Our study challenges the understanding of DMN as a strictly task-negative region and supports the recent findings that DMN acts as an active component associated with intrinsic processing which deactivates differentially and non-linearly across trials and subjects in the presence of extrinsic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Tripathi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Rahul Garg
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110052, India; Amar Nath and Shashi Khosla School of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110052, India; National Resource Centre for Value Education in Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110052, India
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9
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Zhao K, Duka B, Xie H, Oathes DJ, Calhoun V, Zhang Y. A dynamic graph convolutional neural network framework reveals new insights into connectome dysfunctions in ADHD. Neuroimage 2022; 246:118774. [PMID: 34861391 PMCID: PMC10569447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological mechanism of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is incompletely specified, which leads to difficulty in precise diagnosis. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has emerged as a common neuroimaging technique for studying the brain functional connectome. Most existing methods that have either ignored or simply utilized graph structure, do not fully leverage the potentially important topological information which may be useful in characterizing brain disorders. There is a crucial need for designing novel and efficient approaches which can capture such information. To this end, we propose a new dynamic graph convolutional network (dGCN), which is trained with sparse brain regional connections from dynamically calculated graph features. We also develop a novel convolutional readout layer to improve graph representation. Our extensive experimental analysis demonstrates significantly improved performance of dGCN for ADHD diagnosis compared with existing machine learning and deep learning methods. Visualizations of the salient regions of interest (ROIs) and connectivity based on informative features learned by our model show that the identified functional abnormalities mainly involve brain regions in temporal pole, gyrus rectus, and cerebellar gyri from temporal lobe, frontal lobe, and cerebellum, respectively. A positive correlation was further observed between the identified connectomic abnormalities and ADHD symptom severity. The proposed dGCN model shows great promise in providing a functional network-based precision diagnosis of ADHD and is also broadly applicable to brain connectome-based study of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanhao Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Boris Duka
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Desmond J Oathes
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
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10
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Cowley BU, Juurmaa K, Palomäki J. Reduced Power in Fronto-Parietal Theta EEG Linked to Impaired Attention-Sampling in Adult ADHD. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0028-21.2021. [PMID: 34893505 PMCID: PMC8741145 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0028-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is understudied, especially regarding neural mechanisms such as oscillatory control of attention sampling. We report an electroencephalography (EEG) study of such cortical mechanisms, in ADHD-diagnosed adults during administration of Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), a gold-standard continuous performance test for ADHD that measures the ability to sustain attention and inhibit impulsivity. We recorded 53 adults (28 female, 25 male, aged 18-60), and 18 matched healthy controls, using 128-channel EEG. We analyzed sensor-space features established as neural correlates of attention: timing-sensitivity and phase-synchrony of response activations, and event-related (de)synchronization (ERS/D) of α and θ frequency band activity; in frontal and parietal scalp regions. TOVA test performance significantly distinguished ADHD adults from neurotypical controls, in commission errors, response time variability (RTV) and d' (response sensitivity). The ADHD group showed significantly weaker target-locked and response-locked amplitudes, that were strongly right-lateralized at the N2 wave, and weaker phase synchrony (longer reset poststimulus). They also manifested significantly less parietal prestimulus 8-Hz θ ERS, less frontal and parietal poststimulus 4-Hz θ ERS, and more frontal and parietal prestimulus α ERS during correct trials. These differences may reflect excessive modulation of endogenous activity by strong entrainment to stimulus (α), combined with deficient modulation by neural entrainment to task (θ), which in TOVA involves monitoring stimulus spatial location (not predicted occurrence onset which is regular and task-irrelevant). Building on the hypotheses of θ coding for relational structure and rhythmic attention sampling, our results suggest that ADHD adults have impaired attention sampling in relational categorization tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ultan Cowley
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Cognitive Science, Department of Digital Humanities, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kristiina Juurmaa
- Cognitive Science, Department of Digital Humanities, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jussi Palomäki
- Cognitive Science, Department of Digital Humanities, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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11
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Lee D, Quattrocki Knight E, Song H, Lee S, Pae C, Yoo S, Park HJ. Differential structure-function network coupling in the inattentive and combined types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260295. [PMID: 34851976 PMCID: PMC8635373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous presentation of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive core symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) warrants further investigation into brain network connectivity as a basis for subtype divisions in this prevalent disorder. With diffusion and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Healthy Brain Network database, we analyzed both structural and functional network efficiency and structure-functional network (SC-FC) coupling at the default mode (DMN), executive control (ECN), and salience (SAN) intrinsic networks in 201 children diagnosed with the inattentive subtype (ADHD-I), the combined subtype (ADHD-C), and typically developing children (TDC) to characterize ADHD symptoms relative to TDC and to test differences between ADHD subtypes. Relative to TDC, children with ADHD had lower structural connectivity and network efficiency in the DMN, without significant group differences in functional networks. Children with ADHD-C had higher SC-FC coupling, a finding consistent with diminished cognitive flexibility, for all subnetworks compared to TDC. The ADHD-C group also demonstrated increased SC-FC coupling in the DMN compared to the ADHD-I group. The correlation between SC-FC coupling and hyperactivity scores was negative in the ADHD-I, but not in the ADHD-C group. The current study suggests that ADHD-C and ADHD-I may differ with respect to their underlying neuronal connectivity and that the added dimensionality of hyperactivity may not explain this distinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongha Lee
- Center for Systems and Translational Brain Sciences, Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Elizabeth Quattrocki Knight
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hyunjoo Song
- Department of Educational Psychology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saebyul Lee
- Center for Systems and Translational Brain Sciences, Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chongwon Pae
- Center for Systems and Translational Brain Sciences, Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Yoo
- Center for Systems and Translational Brain Sciences, Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeong Park
- Center for Systems and Translational Brain Sciences, Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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12
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Warthen KG, Welsh RC, Sanford B, Koppelmans V, Burmeister M, Mickey BJ. Neuropeptide Y Variation Is Associated With Altered Static and Dynamic Functional Connectivity of the Salience Network. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:629488. [PMID: 34867217 PMCID: PMC8636673 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.629488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter that has been implicated in the development of anxiety and mood disorders. Low levels of NPY have been associated with risk for these disorders, and high levels with resilience. Anxiety and depression are associated with altered intrinsic functional connectivity of brain networks, but the effect of NPY on functional connectivity is not known. Here, we test the hypothesis that individual differences in NPY expression affect resting functional connectivity of the default mode and salience networks. We evaluated static connectivity using graph theoretical techniques and dynamic connectivity with Leading Eigenvector Dynamics Analysis (LEiDA). To increase our power of detecting NPY effects, we genotyped 221 individuals and identified 29 healthy subjects at the extremes of genetically predicted NPY expression (12 high, 17 low). Static connectivity analysis revealed that lower levels of NPY were associated with shorter path lengths, higher global efficiency, higher clustering, higher small-worldness, and average higher node strength within the salience network, whereas subjects with high NPY expression displayed higher modularity and node eccentricity within the salience network. Dynamic connectivity analysis showed that the salience network of low-NPY subjects spent more time in a highly coordinated state relative to high-NPY subjects, and the salience network of high-NPY subjects switched between states more frequently. No group differences were found for static or dynamic connectivity of the default mode network. These findings suggest that genetically driven individual differences in NPY expression influence risk of mood and anxiety disorders by altering the intrinsic functional connectivity of the salience network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G. Warthen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Robert C. Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Benjamin Sanford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Vincent Koppelmans
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Human Genetics and Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Brian J. Mickey
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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13
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Fronto-limbic neural variability as a transdiagnostic correlate of emotion dysregulation. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:545. [PMID: 34675186 PMCID: PMC8530999 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is central to the development and maintenance of psychopathology, and is common across many psychiatric disorders. Neurobiological models of emotion dysregulation involve the fronto-limbic brain network, including in particular the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Neural variability has recently been suggested as an index of cognitive flexibility. We hypothesized that within-subject neural variability in the fronto-limbic network would be related to inter-individual variation in emotion dysregulation in the context of low affective control. In a multi-site cohort (N = 166, 93 females) of healthy individuals and individuals with emotional dysregulation (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD)), we applied partial least squares (PLS), a multivariate data-driven technique, to derive latent components yielding maximal covariance between blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal variability at rest and emotion dysregulation, as expressed by affective lability, depression and mania scores. PLS revealed one significant latent component (r = 0.62, p = 0.044), whereby greater emotion dysregulation was associated with increased neural variability in the amygdala, hippocampus, ventromedial, dorsomedial and dorsolateral PFC, insula and motor cortex, and decreased neural variability in occipital regions. This spatial pattern bears a striking resemblance to the fronto-limbic network, which is thought to subserve emotion regulation, and is impaired in individuals with ADHD, BD, and BPD. Our work supports emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic dimension with neurobiological underpinnings that transcend diagnostic boundaries, and adds evidence to neural variability being a relevant proxy of neural efficiency.
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14
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Kowalczyk OS, Mehta MA, O’Daly OG, Criaud M. Task-based functional connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 2:350-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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A Novel Knowledge Distillation-Based Feature Selection for the Classification of ADHD. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081093. [PMID: 34439759 PMCID: PMC8393979 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder with characteristics such as lack of concentration, excessive fidgeting, outbursts of emotions, lack of patience, difficulty in organizing tasks, increased forgetfulness, and interrupting conversation, and it is affecting millions of people worldwide. There is, until now, not a gold standard test using which an ADHD expert can differentiate between an individual with ADHD and a healthy subject, making accurate diagnosis of ADHD a challenging task. We are proposing a Knowledge Distillation-based approach to search for discriminating features between the ADHD and healthy subjects. Learned embeddings from a large neural network, trained on the functional connectivity features, were fed to one hidden layer Autoencoder for reproduction of the embeddings using the same connectivity features. Finally, a forward feature selection algorithm was used to select a combination of most discriminating features between the ADHD and the Healthy Controls. We achieved promising classification results for each of the five individual sites. A combined accuracy of 81% in KKI, 60% Peking, 56% in NYU, 64% NI, and 56% OHSU and individual site wise accuracy of 72% in KKI, 60% Peking, 73% in NYU, 70% NI, and 71% OHSU were obtained using our extracted features. Our results also outperformed state-of-the-art methods in literature which validates the efficacy of our proposed approach.
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16
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Høgestøl EA, Ghezzo S, Nygaard GO, Espeseth T, Sowa P, Beyer MK, Harbo HF, Westlye LT, Hulst HE, Alnæs D. Functional connectivity in multiple sclerosis modelled as connectome stability: A 5-year follow-up study. Mult Scler 2021; 28:532-540. [PMID: 34259578 PMCID: PMC8961247 DOI: 10.1177/13524585211030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Brain functional connectivity (FC) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is abnormal
compared to healthy controls (HCs). More longitudinal studies in MS are
needed to evaluate whether FC stability is clinically relevant. Objective: To compare functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based FC between MS
and HC, and to determine the relationship between longitudinal FC changes
and structural brain damage, cognitive performance and physical
disability. Methods: T1-weighted MPRAGE and resting-state fMRI (1.5T) were acquired from 70
relapsing-remitting MS patients and 94 matched HC at baseline (mean months
since diagnosis 14.0 ± 11) and from 60 MS patients after 5 years.
Independent component analysis and network modelling were used to measure
longitudinal FC stability and cross-sectional comparisons with HC. Linear
mixed models, adjusted for age and sex, were used to calculate
correlations. Results: At baseline, patients with MS showed FC abnormalities both within networks
and in single connections compared to HC. Longitudinal analyses revealed
functional stability and no significant relationships with clinical
disability, cognitive performance, lesion or brain volume. Conclusion: FC abnormalities occur already at the first decade of MS, yet we found no
relevant clinical correlations for these network deviations. Future
large-scale longitudinal fMRI studies across a range of MS subtypes and
outcomes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar August Høgestøl
- "Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Unit, Multiple Sclerosis Research Group University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Samuele Ghezzo
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway/Department of Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gro Owren Nygaard
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Unit, Multiple Sclerosis Research Group University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Piotr Sowa
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona K Beyer
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway/Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Flinstad Harbo
- "Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Unit, Multiple Sclerosis Research Group University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway/Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway/KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanneke E Hulst
- Department of Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands/Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Fredriksen M, Egeland J, Haavik J, Fasmer OB. Individual Variability in Reaction Time and Prediction of Clinical Response to Methylphenidate in Adult ADHD: A Prospective Open Label Study Using Conners' Continuous Performance Test II. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:657-671. [PMID: 30762452 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719829822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether reaction time parameters in adult patients with ADHD could predict their response to methylphenidate (MPH). Method: Previously unmedicated patients (N = 123) were administered the Conners' Continuous Performance Test II (CPT II) at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment with immediate-release MPH. In addition to traditional CPT measures, we extracted intraindividual raw data and analyzed time series using linear and nonlinear mathematical models. Results: Clinical responders, assessed with the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale, showed significant normalization of target failures, reduced variability and skewness, and increased complexity of reaction time series after 6 weeks of treatment, while nonresponders showed no significant changes. Prior to treatment, responders had significantly higher variability and skewness, combined with lower complexity, compared with nonresponders. Conclusion: These results show that the CPT test is useful in the evaluation of treatment response to MPH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Egeland
- Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- University of Bergen, Norway.,Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole Bernt Fasmer
- University of Bergen, Norway.,Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Bluschke A, Zink N, Mückschel M, Roessner V, Beste C. A novel approach to intra-individual performance variability in ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:733-745. [PMID: 32410131 PMCID: PMC8060200 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with attention deficit/(hyperactivity) disorder (AD(H)D) show increased intra-individual variability (IIV) in behavioral performance. This likely reflects dopaminergic deficiencies. However, the precise performance profile across time and the pattern of fluctuations within it have not yet been considered, partly due to insufficient methods. Yet, such an analysis may yield important theory-based implications for clinical practice. Thus, in a case-control cross-sectional study, we introduce a new method to investigate performance fluctuations in patients with ADD (n = 76) and ADHD (n = 67) compared to healthy controls (n = 45) in a time estimation task. In addition, we also evaluate the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment on this performance pattern in 29 patients with AD(H)D. Trial-by-trial differences in performance between healthy controls and patients with AD(H)D do not persist continuously over longer time periods. Periods during which no differences in performance between healthy controls and patients occur alternate with periods in which such differences are present. AD(H)D subtype and surprisingly also medication status does not affect this pattern. The presented findings likely reflect (phasic) deficiencies of the dopaminergic system in patients with AD(H)D which are not sufficiently ameliorated by first-line pharmacological treatment. The presented findings carry important clinical and scientific implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Bluschke
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicolas Zink
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Mückschel
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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19
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Wang P, Jiang X, Chen H, Zhang S, Li X, Cao Q, Sun L, Liu L, Yang B, Wang Y. Assessing Fine-Granularity Structural and Functional Connectivity in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:594830. [PMID: 33281588 PMCID: PMC7691597 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.594830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was considered to be a disorder with high heterogeneity, as various abnormalities were found across widespread brain regions in recent neuroimaging studies. However, remarkable individual variability of cortical structure and function may have partially contributed to these discrepant findings. In this work, we applied the Dense Individualized and Common Connectivity-Based Cortical Landmarks (DICCCOL) method to identify fine-granularity corresponding functional cortical regions across different subjects based on the shape of a white matter fiber bundle and measured functional connectivities between these cortical regions. Fiber bundle pattern and functional connectivity were compared between ADHD patients and normal controls in two independent samples. Interestingly, four neighboring DICCCOLs located close to the left parietooccipital area consistently exhibited discrepant fiber bundles in both datasets. The left precentral gyrus (DICCCOL 175, BA 6) and the right anterior cingulate gyrus (DICCCOL 321, BA 32) had the highest connection number among 78 pairs of abnormal functional connectivities with good cross-sample consistency. Furthermore, abnormal functional connectivities were significantly correlated with ADHD symptoms. Our studies revealed novel fine-granularity structural and functional alterations in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hanbo Chen
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qingjiu Cao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | | | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
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20
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Boylan MA, Foster CM, Pongpipat EE, Webb CE, Rodrigue KM, Kennedy KM. Greater BOLD Variability is Associated With Poorer Cognitive Function in an Adult Lifespan Sample. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:562-574. [PMID: 32915200 PMCID: PMC7727366 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Moment-to-moment fluctuations in brain signal assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) variability is increasingly thought to represent important “signal” rather than measurement-related “noise.” Efforts to characterize BOLD variability in healthy aging have yielded mixed outcomes, demonstrating both age-related increases and decreases in BOLD variability and both detrimental and beneficial associations. Utilizing BOLD mean-squared-successive-differences (MSSD) during a digit n-back working memory (WM) task in a sample of healthy adults (aged 20–94 years; n = 171), we examined effects of aging on whole-brain 1) BOLD variability during task (mean condition MSSD across 0–2–3-4 back conditions), 2) BOLD variability modulation to incrementally increasing WM difficulty (linear slope from 0–2–3-4 back), and 3) the association of age-related differences in variability with in- and out-of-scanner WM performance. Widespread cortical and subcortical regions evidenced increased mean variability with increasing age, with no regions evidencing age-related decrease in variability. Additionally, posterior cingulate/precuneus exhibited increased variability to WM difficulty. Notably, both age-related increases in BOLD variability were associated with significantly poorer WM performance in all but the oldest adults. These findings lend support to the growing corpus suggesting that brain-signal variability is altered in healthy aging; specifically, in this adult lifespan sample, BOLD-variability increased with age and was detrimental to cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Boylan
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Chris M Foster
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Ekarin E Pongpipat
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Christina E Webb
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Karen M Rodrigue
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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21
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Helfer B, Maltezos S, Liddle E, Kuntsi J, Asherson P. Lateralization of attention in adults with ADHD: Evidence of pseudoneglect. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 63:e68. [PMID: 32594941 PMCID: PMC7443776 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. We investigated whether adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show pseudoneglect—preferential allocation of attention to the left visual field (LVF) and a resulting slowing of mean reaction times (MRTs) in the right visual field (RVF), characteristic of neurotypical (NT) individuals —and whether lateralization of attention is modulated by presentation speed and incentives. Method. Fast Task, a four-choice reaction-time task where stimuli were presented in LVF or RVF, was used to investigate differences in MRT and reaction time variability (RTV) in adults with ADHD (n = 43) and NT adults (n = 46) between a slow/no-incentive and fast/incentive condition. In the lateralization analyses, pseudoneglect was assessed based on MRT, which was calculated separately for the LVF and RVF for each condition and each study participant. Results. Adults with ADHD had overall slower MRT and increased RTV relative to NT. MRT and RTV improved under the fast/incentive condition. Both groups showed RVF-slowing with no between-group or between-conditions differences in RVF-slowing. Conclusion. Adults with ADHD exhibited pseudoneglect, a NT pattern of lateralization of attention, which was not attenuated by presentation speed and incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Helfer
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanos Maltezos
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Adult Autism and ADHD Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Liddle
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Wong A, Lou W, Ho KF, Yiu BKF, Lin S, Chu WCW, Abrigo J, Lee D, Lam BYK, Au LWC, Soo YOY, Lau AYL, Kwok TCY, Leung TWH, Lam LCW, Ho K, Mok VCT. Indoor incense burning impacts cognitive functions and brain functional connectivity in community older adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7090. [PMID: 32341386 PMCID: PMC7184605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate (1) the effects of indoor incense burning upon cognition over 3 years; (2) the associations between indoor incense burning with the brain’s structure and functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN); and (3) the interactions between indoor incense burning and vascular disease markers upon cognitive functions. Community older adults without stroke or dementia were recruited (n = 515). Indoor incense use was self-reported as having burnt incense at home ≥ weekly basis over the past 5 years. Detailed neuropsychological battery was administered at baseline (n = 227) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment at baseline and year 3 (n = 515). MRI structural measures and functional connectivity of the DMN were recorded at baseline. Demographic and vascular risk factors and levels of outdoor pollutants were treated as covariates. Indoor incense burning was associated with reduced performance across multiple cognitive domains at baseline and year 3 as well as decreased connectivity in the DMN. It interacted with diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and white matter hyperintensities to predict poorer cognitive performance. Indoor incense burning is (1) associated with poorer cognitive performance over 3 years; (2) related to decreased brain connectivity; and (3) it interacts with vascular disease to predispose poor cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wutao Lou
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Ka-Fung Yiu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shi Lin
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winnie Chiu-Wing Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jill Abrigo
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dustin Lee
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Bonnie Yin-Ka Lam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lisa Wing-Chi Au
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yannie Oi-Yan Soo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alexander Yuk-Lun Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Timothy Chi-Yui Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Wai-Hong Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linda Chui-Wa Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ko Ho
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Chung-Tong Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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23
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Chen MH, Chen YL, Bai YM, Huang KL, Wu HJ, Hsu JW, Su TP, Tsai SJ, Tu PC, Li CT, Lin WC, Wu YT. Functional connectivity of specific brain networks related to social and communication dysfunction in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112785. [PMID: 31982661 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have impaired social cognition and communication. However, the functioning of the brain networks involved in the social cognition and communication impairment in ADHD patients remains unclear. METHODS In total, 18 adolescents with ADHD and 16 age- and sex-matched typically developing adolescents (controls)-all of whom underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging examination-were enrolled. Their parents filled out Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV (SNAP-IV) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) questionnaires. Functional connectivity analyses based on the default mode network, frontoparietal network, and cinguloopercular network were performed. RESULTS Compared with controls, adolescents with ADHD exhibited higher total and subscale scores on SNAP-IV and SRS. Higher SNAP-IV and SRS scores were associated with higher functional connectivity between the default mode network (ventromedial prefrontal cortex) and cinguloopercular network (anterior insula) and between the FPN (dorsolateral and prefrontal cortex) and cinguloopercular network, but with lower functional connectivity between the default mode network (posterior cingulate cortex) and frontoparietal network (inferior parietal lobule) and between the default mode network (precuneus) and cinguloopercular network (temporoparietal junction). DISCUSSION Social cognition and communication impairment and ADHD may commonly share the aberrant functional connectivity in the default mode network, frontoparietal network, and cinguloopercular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Tu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Philosophy of Mind and Cognition, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Kaboodvand N, Iravani B, Fransson P. Dynamic synergetic configurations of resting-state networks in ADHD. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116347. [PMID: 31715256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by high distractibility and impaired executive functions. Notably, there is mounting evidence suggesting that ADHD could be regarded as a default mode network (DMN) disorder. In particular, failure in regulating the dynamics of activity and interactions of the DMN and cognitive control networks have been hypothesized as the main source of task interference causing attentional problems. On the other hand, previous studies indicated pronounced fluctuations in the strength of functional connections over time, particularly for the inter-network connections between the DMN and fronto-parietal control networks. Hence, characterization of connectivity disturbances in ADHD requires a thorough assessment of time-varying functional connectivity (FC). In this study, we proposed a dynamical systems perspective to assess how the DMN over time recruits different configurations of network segregation and integration. Specifically, we were interested in configurations for which both intra- and inter-network connections are retained, as opposed to commonly used methods which assess network segregation as a single measure. From resting-state fMRI data, we extracted three different stable configurations of FC patterns for the DMN, namely synergies. We provided evidence supporting our hypothesis that ADHD differs compared to controls, both in terms of recruitment rate and topology of specific synergies between resting-state networks. In addition, we found a relationship between synergetic cooperation patterns of the DMN with cognitive control networks and a behavioral measure which is sensitive to ADHD-related symptoms, namely the Stroop color-word task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Kaboodvand
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Behzad Iravani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Fransson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Lefebvre E, D'Angiulli A. Imagery-Mediated Verbal Learning Depends on Vividness-Familiarity Interactions: The Possible Role of Dualistic Resting State Network Activity Interference. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9060143. [PMID: 31216699 PMCID: PMC6627679 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9060143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using secondary database analysis, we tested whether the (implicit) familiarity of eliciting noun-cues and the (explicit) vividness of corresponding imagery exerted additive or interactive influences on verbal learning, as measured by the probability of incidental noun recall and image latency times (RTs). Noun-cues with incongruent levels of vividness and familiarity (high/low; low/high, respectively) at encoding were subsequently associated at retrieval with the lowest recall probabilities, while noun-cues related with congruent levels (high/high; low/low) were associated with higher recall probabilities. RTs in the high vividness and high familiarity grouping were significantly faster than all other subsets (low/low, low/high, high/low) which did not significantly differ among each other. The findings contradict: (1) associative theories predicting positive monotonic relationships between memory strength and learning; and (2) non-monotonic plasticity hypothesis (NMPH), aiming at generalizing the non-monotonic relationship between a neuron's excitation level and its synaptic strength to broad neural networks. We propose a dualistic neuropsychological model of memory consolidation that mimics the global activity in two large resting-state networks (RSNs), the default mode network (DMN) and the task-positive-network (TPN). Based on this model, we suggest that incongruence and congruence between vividness and familiarity reflect, respectively, competition and synergy between DMN and TPN activity. We argue that competition or synergy between these RSNs at the time of stimulus encoding disproportionately influences long term semantic memory consolidation in healthy controls. These findings could assist in developing neurophenomenological markers of core memory deficits currently hypothesized to be shared across multiple psychopathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Lefebvre
- Neuroscience of Imagination Cognition and Emotion Research (NICER) Lab, Neuroscience Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Amedeo D'Angiulli
- Neuroscience of Imagination Cognition and Emotion Research (NICER) Lab, Neuroscience Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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26
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Papalini S, Lange I, Bakker J, Michielse S, Marcelis M, Wichers M, Vervliet B, van Os J, Van Amelsvoort T, Goossens L, Schruers K. The predictive value of neural reward processing on exposure therapy outcome: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:339-346. [PMID: 30763673 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure is the gold standard treatment for phobic anxiety and is thought to represent the clinical application of extinction learning. Reward sensitivity might however also represent a predictive factor for exposure therapy outcome, as this therapy promotes positive experiences and involves positive comments by the therapist. We hypothesized that high reward sensitivity, as expressed by elevated reward expectancy and reward value, can be associated with better outcome to exposure therapy specifically. METHODS Forty-four participants with a specific phobia for spiders were included in the current study. Participants were randomly assigned to exposure therapy (n = 25) or progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) (n = 19). Treatment outcome was defined as pre- versus post-therapy phobia symptoms. Before treatment, functional brain responses and behavioral responses (i.e. reaction time and accuracy) during reward anticipation and consumption were assessed with the Monetary Incentive Delay task (MID). Behavioral and neural responses in regions of interest (i.e. nucleus accumbens, ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the ventral tegmental area) as well as across the whole-brain were subsequently regressed on treatment outcomes. RESULTS Exposure therapy was more effective in reducing phobia symptoms than PMR. Longer reaction times to reward cues and lower activation in the left posterior cingulate cortex during reward consumption were selectively associated with symptoms reductions following exposure therapy but not following PMR. Only within the exposure therapy group, greater symptom reduction was related to increased activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during reward anticipation, and decreased activation in the medial prefrontal cortex during reward consumption. CONCLUSION Results indicate that individual differences in reward sensitivity can specifically predict exposure therapy outcome. Although activation in regions of interest were not related to therapy outcome, regions involved in attentional processing of reward cues were predictive of phobic symptom change following exposure therapy but not PMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Papalini
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology, Center for Experimental and Learning Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Lange
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jindra Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Michielse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Vervliet
- Faculty of Psychology, Center for Experimental and Learning Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Therese Van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbet Goossens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Schruers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology, Center for Experimental and Learning Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Nasim S, Naeini AA, Najafi M, Ghazvini M, Hassanzadeh A. Relationship between Antioxidant Status and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:41. [PMID: 31057726 PMCID: PMC6484508 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_80_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood. In general, diagnoses of ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Recent studies have reported increased oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders such as ADHD, but the results are conflicting. This research aimed to study the relationship between antioxidant status and ADHD in children of 6–13 years old. Methods: From schools, 32 ADHD students whose diseases were diagnosed by child and adolescence psychiatrist based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV index were recruited; moreover, 32 healthy subjects, which according to the medical history questionnaire of psychiatric disorder had not had chronic disease, were selected. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and malondiadehyde (MDA) were measured. General information, health history, and medication history were collected. All participants completed a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Dietary intakes of antioxidants were obtained through this questionnaire. Results: There was no significant difference between mean of energy intake and Zn, Se, vitamin E, C, and β-carotene as antioxidants between the two groups. The mean of serum TAC, GSH level, and CAT level in the patients were significantly lower than the healthy group (P < 0.001), but the mean of MDA was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.18). Conclusions: The result of this study indicates that, in ADHD, the serum levels of GSH, CAT, and TAC decrease; the level of antioxidant in the serum has been compromised to fight oxidative stress. More perspective studies with large sample sizes are essential to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorraya Nasim
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirmansour Alavi Naeini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Najafi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Ghazvini
- Isfahan Center of Health Research, National Institute of Health Research, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akbar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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28
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Hilger K, Fiebach CJ. ADHD symptoms are associated with the modular structure of intrinsic brain networks in a representative sample of healthy adults. Netw Neurosci 2019; 3:567-588. [PMID: 31089485 PMCID: PMC6497005 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders with significant and often lifelong effects on social, emotional, and cognitive functioning. Influential neurocognitive models of ADHD link behavioral symptoms to altered connections between and within functional brain networks. Here, we investigate whether network-based theories of ADHD can be generalized to understanding variations in ADHD-related behaviors within the normal (i.e., clinically unaffected) adult population. In a large and representative sample, self-rated presence of ADHD symptoms varied widely; only 8 out of 291 participants scored in the clinical range. Subject-specific brain network graphs were modeled from functional MRI resting-state data and revealed significant associations between (nonclinical) ADHD symptoms and region-specific profiles of between-module and within-module connectivity. Effects were located in brain regions associated with multiple neuronal systems including the default-mode network, the salience network, and the central executive system. Our results are consistent with network perspectives of ADHD and provide further evidence for the relevance of an appropriate information transfer between task-negative (default-mode) and task-positive brain regions. More generally, our findings support a dimensional conceptualization of ADHD and contribute to a growing understanding of cognition as an emerging property of functional brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Hilger
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- IDeA Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian J. Fiebach
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- IDeA Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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29
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Zheng Y, Wu C, Li J, Li R, Peng H, She S, Ning Y, Li L. Schizophrenia alters intra-network functional connectivity in the caudate for detecting speech under informational speech masking conditions. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:90. [PMID: 29618332 PMCID: PMC5885301 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Speech recognition under noisy "cocktail-party" environments involves multiple perceptual/cognitive processes, including target detection, selective attention, irrelevant signal inhibition, sensory/working memory, and speech production. Compared to health listeners, people with schizophrenia are more vulnerable to masking stimuli and perform worse in speech recognition under speech-on-speech masking conditions. Although the schizophrenia-related speech-recognition impairment under "cocktail-party" conditions is associated with deficits of various perceptual/cognitive processes, it is crucial to know whether the brain substrates critically underlying speech detection against informational speech masking are impaired in people with schizophrenia. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study investigated differences between people with schizophrenia (n = 19, mean age = 33 ± 10 years) and their matched healthy controls (n = 15, mean age = 30 ± 9 years) in intra-network functional connectivity (FC) specifically associated with target-speech detection under speech-on-speech-masking conditions. RESULTS The target-speech detection performance under the speech-on-speech-masking condition in participants with schizophrenia was significantly worse than that in matched healthy participants (healthy controls). Moreover, in healthy controls, but not participants with schizophrenia, the strength of intra-network FC within the bilateral caudate was positively correlated with the speech-detection performance under the speech-masking conditions. Compared to controls, patients showed altered spatial activity pattern and decreased intra-network FC in the caudate. CONCLUSIONS In people with schizophrenia, the declined speech-detection performance under speech-on-speech masking conditions is associated with reduced intra-caudate functional connectivity, which normally contributes to detecting target speech against speech masking via its functions of suppressing masking-speech signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zheng
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Chao Wu
- 0000 0004 1789 9964grid.20513.35Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Juanhua Li
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Ruikeng Li
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Hongjun Peng
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Shenglin She
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Yuping Ning
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100080, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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