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Valido E, Capossela S, Glisic M, Hertig-Godeschalk A, Bertolo A, Stucki G, Flueck JL, Stoyanov J. Gut microbiome and inflammation among athletes in wheelchair in a crossover randomized pilot trial of probiotic and prebiotic interventions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12838. [PMID: 38834634 PMCID: PMC11150429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Disorders related to gut health are a significant cause of morbidity among athletes in wheelchair. This pilot feasibility trial aims to investigate whether probiotics compared to prebiotics can improve inflammatory status and gut microbiome composition in elite athletes in wheelchair. We conducted a 12-week, randomized, cross-over controlled trial involving 14 elite Swiss athletes in wheelchair. Participants were given a multispecies-multistrain probiotic or prebiotic (oat bran) daily for 4 weeks (Clinical trials.gov NCT04659408 09/12/2020). This was followed by a 4-week washout and then crossed over. Thirty inflammatory markers were assessed using bead-based multiplex immunoassays (LegendPlex) from serum samples. The gut microbiome was characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing of stool DNA samples. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effect models (LMM). At baseline, most athletes (10/14) exhibited low levels of inflammation which associated with higher gut microbiome alpha diversity indices compared to those with high inflammation levels. The use of probiotic had higher decrease in 25 (83%) inflammatory markers measured compared to prebiotic use. Probiotic has the potential in lowering inflammation status and improving the gut microbiome diversity. The future trial should focus on having sufficient sample sizes, population with higher inflammation status, longer intervention exposure and use of differential abundance analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Valido
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland.
| | | | - Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessandro Bertolo
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Bern, Bern Inselspital, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerold Stucki
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, 6003, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Leonie Flueck
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Stoyanov
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Gürel S, Pak EN, Tek NA. Aging Processes Are Affected by Energy Balance: Focused on the Effects of Nutrition and Physical Activity on Telomere Length. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:264-279. [PMID: 38498288 PMCID: PMC11133118 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The number and proportion of individuals aged 60 and over are increasing globally. The increase in the elderly population has important social and economic effects. Telomere length is an important marker for healthy aging. Here, we review the relevance between telomere length and energy balance by determining the effects of physical activity, nutrients, dietary patterns, and foods on healthy aging and telomere length with related studies. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence emphasizes the importance of telomere length and integrity for healthy aging. It also focuses on the importance of potential interventions such as physical activity and a healthy diet to improve this process. We suggest that ensuring energy balance with regular physical activity and healthy diets can contribute to the aging process by protecting telomere length. In addition, different methods in studies, short and inconsistent durations, different types of exercise, different diet patterns, and non-standard foods have led to conflicting results. More studies are needed to elucidate molecular-based mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satı Gürel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Elif Nisa Pak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Kilis 7 Aralık University, 79000, Kilis, Turkey.
| | - Nilüfer Acar Tek
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey
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Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Malin K, Dąbrowska I, Grzędzicka J, Ostaszewski P, Carter C. Immunology of Physical Exercise: Is Equus caballus an Appropriate Animal Model for Human Athletes? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5210. [PMID: 38791248 PMCID: PMC11121269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic horses routinely participate in vigorous and various athletic activities. This enables the horse to serve as a model for studying athletic physiology and immunology in other species, including humans. For instance, as a model of physical efforts, such as endurance rides (long-distance running/aerobic exercise) and races (anaerobic exercise), the horse can be useful in evaluating post-exercise response. Currently, there has been significant interest in finding biomarkers, which characterize the advancement of training and adaptation to physical exercise in the horse. The parallels in cellular responses to physical exercises, such as changes in receptor expression and blood cell activity, improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the body's response to intense physical activity. This study focuses on the changes in levels of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cellular response in the context of post-exercise immune response. Both the direction of changes in cytokine levels and cellular responses of the body, such as proliferation and expression of surface markers on lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils, show cross-functional similarities. This review reveals that horses are robust research models for studying the immune response to physical exercise in human athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Izabela Dąbrowska
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jowita Grzędzicka
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ostaszewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Craig Carter
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
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Cappelli K, Hosseini-Ghaffari M, Lopreiato V, Mecocci S. Editorial: Physiological response to exercise-induced stress and stressful environmental stimuli: insights from systems biology. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1369154. [PMID: 38435372 PMCID: PMC10904460 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1369154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Maciel LA, Leite PLDA, Santos PA, Barbosa LP, Gutierrez SD, Deus LA, Araújo MC, Aguiar SDS, Rosa TS, Lewis JE, Simões HG. Intensity of Depression Symptoms Is Negatively Associated with Catalase Activity in Master Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4397. [PMID: 36901407 PMCID: PMC10002178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined associations between scores of depression (DEPs), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity (CAT) in master athletes and untrained controls. METHODS Participants were master sprinters (MS, n = 24; 50.31 ± 6.34 year), endurance runners (ER, n = 11; 51.35 ± 9.12 year), untrained middle-aged (CO, n = 13; 47.21 ± 8.61 year), and young untrained (YU, n = 15; 23.70 ± 4.02 year). CAT, SOD, and TBARS were measured in plasma using commercial kits. DEPs were measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. An ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's, and Spearman's correlations were applied, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The CATs of MS and YU [760.4 U·μL 1 ± 170.1 U·μL 1 and 729.9 U·μL 1 ± 186.9 U·μL 1] were higher than CO and ER. The SOD levels in the YU and ER [84.20 U·mL-1 ± 8.52 U·mL-1 and 78.24 U·mL-1 ± 6.59 U·mL-1 (p < 0.0001)] were higher than CO and MS. The TBARS in CO [11.97 nmol·L-1 ± 2.35 nmol·L-1 (p < 0.0001)] was higher than in YU, MS and ER. MS had lower DEPs compared to the YU [3.60 ± 3.66 vs. 12.27 ± 9.27 (p = 0.0002)]. A negative correlation was found between CAT and DEPs for master athletes [r = -0.3921 (p = 0.0240)] and a weak correlation [r = -0.3694 (p = 0.0344)] was found between DEPs and the CAT/TBARS ratio. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the training model of master sprinters may be an effective strategy for increasing CAT and reducing DEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Alves Maciel
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | | | - Patrick Anderson Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pinheiro Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Sara Duarte Gutierrez
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristiane Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso-UFMT, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | - John E. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33316, USA
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
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Aczel D, Torma F, Jokai M, McGreevy K, Boros A, Seki Y, Boldogh I, Horvath S, Radak Z. The Circulating Level of Klotho Is Not Dependent upon Physical Fitness and Age-Associated Methylation Increases at the Promoter Region of the Klotho Gene. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:525. [PMID: 36833453 PMCID: PMC9957177 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Higher levels of physical fitness are believed to increase the physiological quality of life and impact the aging process with a wide range of adaptive mechanisms, including the regulation of the expression of the age-associated klotho (KL) gene and protein levels. (2) Methods: Here, we tested the relationship between the DNA methylation-based epigenetic biomarkers PhenoAge and GrimAge and methylation of the promoter region of the KL gene, the circulating level of KL, and the stage of physical fitness and grip force in two groups of volunteer subjects, trained (TRND) and sedentary (SED), aged between 37 and 85 years old. (3) Results: The circulating KL level is negatively associated with chronological age in the TRND group (r = -0.19; p = 0.0295) but not in the SED group (r = -0.065; p = 0.5925). The age-associated decrease in circulating KL is partly due to the increased methylation of the KL gene. In addition, higher plasma KL is significantly related to epigenetic age-deceleration in the TRND group, assessed by the biomarker of PhenoAge (r = -0.21; p = 0.0192). (4) Conclusions: The level of physical fitness, on the other hand, does not relate to circulating KL levels, nor to the rate of the methylation of the promoter region of the KL gene, only in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Aczel
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Torma
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| | - Matyas Jokai
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristen McGreevy
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anita Boros
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yasuhiro Seki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 2-579-15, Japan
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 2-579-15, Japan
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7
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de Araújo TB, de Luca Corrêa H, de Deus LA, Neves RVP, Reis AL, Honorato FS, da S Barbosa JM, Palmeira TRC, Aguiar SS, Sousa CV, Santos CAR, Neto LSS, Amorim CEN, Simões HG, Prestes J, Rosa TS. The effects of home-based progressive resistance training in chronic kidney disease patients. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112030. [PMID: 36423855 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Faced with lockdowns, it was mandatory the development of supervised home-based RT protocols to keep patients with chronic kidney disease engaged in programs. Nonetheless, there is a lack of scientific literature regarding its effects on patients. PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a supervised home-based progressive resistance training program on functional performance, bone mineral density, renal function, endothelial health, inflammation, glycemic homeostasis, metabolism, redox balance, and the modulation of exerkines in patients with CKD in stage 2. METHODS Patients (n = 31) were randomized and allocated into the control group (CTL; n = 15; 58.07 ± 5.22 yrs) or resistance training group (RT; n = 16; 57.94 ± 2.74 yrs). RT group performed 22 weeks of supervised progressive home-based resistance exercises. Bone mineral density, anthropometric measurements, and functional performance were assessed. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after the intervention for the analysis of markers of renal function, endothelial health, inflammation, glycemic homeostasis, metabolism, and redox balance. RESULTS Twenty-two weeks of home-based RT were effective in improving (P < 0.05) functional performance, bone mineral density, uremic profile, ADMA, inflammatory markers, the Klotho-FGF23 axis, glycemic homeostasis markers, and exerkines. These improvements were accompanied by higher concentrations of exerkines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. RT group displayed a decrease in cases of osteopenia after the intervention (RT: 50 % vs. CTL: 86.7 %; X2 = 4.763; P = 0.029). CONCLUSION Results provide new evidence that supervised home-based progressive RT may be a relevant intervention to attenuate the progression of CKD and improve functional capacity, bone mineral density, and the immunometabolic profile. These improvements are associated with positive modulation of several exerkines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís B de Araújo
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Hugo de Luca Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Lysleine A de Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V P Neves
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Andrea L Reis
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Honorato
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jessica M da S Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thalyta R C Palmeira
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Samuel S Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Caio V Sousa
- Health Technology Lab, College of Arts, Media and Design, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | | | - Luiz S S Neto
- Federal University of Tocantins, Medicine Department, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Carlos E N Amorim
- Federal University of Maranhão, Physical Education Department, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Herbert G Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Plisak U, Szczepaniak J, Żmigrodzka M, Giercuszkiewicz-Hecold B, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O. Changes in novel anti-infalmmatory cytokine concetration in the bood of endurance and race horses at different levels of training. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:418-424. [PMID: 36618977 PMCID: PMC9798135 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several anti-inflammatory cytokines have been proposed as markers for exercise monitoring in humans such as the interleukin 1 receptor agonist (IL-ra), or interleukin 13 (IL-13). Equine athletes may be considered a model for human exercise physiology research, however there is a lack of such studies of this species. Thus, we decided to examine the changes of IL-1ra and IL-13 in serum concentration during aerobic (endurance) and anaerobic (race) exercise in horses of different fitness levels in comparison with the well-known anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). The group of endurance horses (n = 13) consisted of animals competing over 100 (n = 7) and 120 km (n = 6) rides. The group of racehorses (n = 18) consisted of trained (n = 9) and untrained (n = 9) animals. The blood samples were obtained before and after the exercise. The ELISA test was performed to evaluate the changes of IL-1ra, IL-13 and IL-10 during different types of exercise. In endurance horses there was an increase in IL-13 (p = 0.0012) after the 100 km ride and in IL-1ra (p = 0.0411) after the 120 km ride. In race horses there was a higher IL-13 basal serum concentration in the untrained group, as well as a decrease of IL-13 after exercise (p = 0.0188). In trained racehorses there was an increase in IL-1ra (p < 0.0001) and IL-13 after exercise (p = 0.0028). In conclusion, the reaction of IL-1ra and IL-13 to different types of exercise differ from each other. Thus, in future, they may be helpful in monitoring the fitness of horses, however more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Plisak
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Szczepaniak
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żmigrodzka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Giercuszkiewicz-Hecold
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Corresponding author at: Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Schellnegger M, Lin AC, Hammer N, Kamolz LP. Physical Activity on Telomere Length as a Biomarker for Aging: A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:111. [PMID: 36057868 PMCID: PMC9441412 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Overall life expectancy continues to rise, approaching 80 years of age in several developed countries. However, healthy life expectancy lags far behind, which has, in turn, contributed to increasing costs in healthcare. One way to improve health and attenuate the socio-economic impact of an aging population is to increase overall fitness through physical activity. Telomere attrition or shortening is a well-known molecular marker in aging. As such, several studies have focused on whether exercise influences health and aging through telomere biology. This systematic review examines the recent literature on the effect of physical activity on telomere length (TL) and/or telomerase activity as molecular markers of aging. Methods A focused search was performed in the databases PubMed and Web of Science for retrieving relevant articles over the past ten years. The search contained the following keywords: exercise, sport, physical activity, fitness, sedentary, physical inactivity, telomere, telomere length, t/s ratio, and telomerase. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were observed. Results A total of 43 articles were identified and categorized into randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational or interventional studies. RCTs (n = 8) showed inconsistent findings of increased TL length with physical activity in, e.g. obese, post-menopausal women. In comparison with a predominantly sedentary lifestyle, observational studies (n = 27) showed significantly longer TL with exercise of moderate to vigorous intensity; however, there was no consensus on the duration and type of physical activity and training modality. Interventional studies (n = 8) also showed similar findings of significantly longer TL prior to exercise intervention; however, these studies had smaller numbers of enrolled participants (mostly of high-performance athletes), and the physical activities covered a range of exercise intensities and duration. Amongst the selected studies, aerobic training of moderate to vigorous intensity is most prevalent. For telomere biology analysis, TL was determined mainly from leukocytes using qPCR. In some cases, especially in RCT and interventional studies, different sample types such as saliva, sperm, and muscle biopsies were analyzed; different leukocyte cell types and potential genetic markers in regulating telomere biology were also investigated. Conclusions Taken together, physical activity with regular aerobic training of moderate to vigorous intensity appears to help preserve TL. However, the optimal intensity, duration of physical activity, as well as type of exercise still need to be further elucidated. Along with TL or telomerase activity, participants’ fitness level, the type of physical activity, and training modality should be assessed at different time points in future studies, with the plan for long-term follow-up. Reducing the amount of sedentary behavior may have a positive effect of preserving and increasing TL. Further molecular characterization of telomere biology in different cell types and tissues is required in order to draw definitive causal conclusions on how physical activity affects TL and aging.
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10
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Vajda M, Oreská Ľ, Černáčková A, Čupka M, Tirpáková V, Cvečka J, Hamar D, Protasi F, Šarabon N, Zampieri S, Löfler S, Kern H, Sedliak M. Aging and Possible Benefits or Negatives of Lifelong Endurance Running: How Master Male Athletes Differ from Young Athletes and Elderly Sedentary? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13184. [PMID: 36293774 PMCID: PMC9602696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity, recommended by the WHO, is crucial in maintaining a good physical fitness level and health status and slows down the effects of aging. However, there is a lack of knowledge of whether lifelong endurance running, with a volume and frequency above the WHO limits, still brings the same benefits, or several negative effects too. The present study aims to examine the protentional benefits and risks of lifelong endurance running training in Master male athletes, as this level of physical activity is above the WHO recommendations. Within the study, four main groups of participants will be included: (1) endurance-trained master athletes, (2) endurance-trained young athletes, (3) young sedentary adults, and (4) elderly sedentary. Both groups of athletes are strictly marathon runners, who are still actively running. The broad spectrum of the diagnostic tests, from the questionnaires, physical fitness testing, and blood sampling to muscle biopsy, will be performed to obtain the possibility of complexly analyzing the effects of lifelong endurance physical activity on the human body and aging. Moreover, the study will try to discover and explain new relationships between endurance running and diagnostic parameters, not only within aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vajda
- Hamar Institute for Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Oreská
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Černáčková
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Čupka
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Tirpáková
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Cvečka
- Hamar Institute for Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Hamar
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Human Health Department, InnoRenew CoE, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefan Löfler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Physical Medicine, Physik und Rheumatherapie, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Physical Medicine, Physik und Rheumatherapie, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
- Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 3300 Amstetten, Austria
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
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11
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Arroyo E, Troutman AD, Moorthi RN, Avin KG, Coggan AR, Lim K. Klotho: An Emerging Factor With Ergogenic Potential. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 2:807123. [PMID: 36188832 PMCID: PMC9397700 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.807123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia and impaired cardiorespiratory fitness are commonly observed in older individuals and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Declines in skeletal muscle function and aerobic capacity can progress into impaired physical function and inability to perform activities of daily living. Physical function is highly associated with important clinical outcomes such as hospitalization, functional independence, quality of life, and mortality. While lifestyle modifications such as exercise and dietary interventions have been shown to prevent and reverse declines in physical function, the utility of these treatment strategies is limited by poor widespread adoption and adherence due to a wide variety of both perceived and actual barriers to exercise. Therefore, identifying novel treatment targets to manage physical function decline is critically important. Klotho, a remarkable protein with powerful anti-aging properties has recently been investigated for its role in musculoskeletal health and physical function. Klotho is involved in several key processes that regulate skeletal muscle function, such as muscle regeneration, mitochondrial biogenesis, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This is particularly important for older adults and patients with CKD, which are known states of Klotho deficiency. Emerging data support the existence of Klotho-related benefits to exercise and for potential Klotho-based therapeutic interventions for the treatment of sarcopenia and its progression to physical disability. However, significant gaps in our understanding of Klotho must first be overcome before we can consider its potential ergogenic benefits. These advances will be critical to establish the optimal approach to future Klotho-based interventional trials and to determine if Klotho can regulate physical dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ashley D. Troutman
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ranjani N. Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Keith G. Avin
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andrew R. Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Association of Klotho with physical performance and frailty in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111518. [PMID: 34407459 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is an inevitable process of physical deterioration that impairs functional autonomy and quality of life, becoming a public health issue. Since the percentage of people over 60 years is increasing worldwide, the use of easily detectable biomarkers of ageing is a relevant tool for monitoring of the ageing process and treatment. Among them, Klotho, an ageing suppressor gene because its deficiency leads to ageing like phenotype, seems particularly promising. This systematic review includes the last 10 years clinical studies that evaluated the association between plasma Klotho and body composition, physical performance and frailty in both sedentary and active middle-aged and older adults. Sixteen studies have been found: nine regarding the association between Klotho and body composition, two the association of Klotho and frailty and finally five concerning the effects of physical activity on Klotho. The results of these studies, albeit with some exceptions, point out that Klotho is positively associated with muscle strength and negatively with osteoporosis, frailty, disability and mortality while physical activity generally increases Klotho levels. Moreover, even if there are still few clinical studies, Klotho might be positively associated with bone mineral density, muscle strength, longevity, mobility and robustness during ageing.
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13
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Comparison of Telomere Length in Young and Master Endurance Runners and Sprinters. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:510-516. [PMID: 34564066 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear how running modality influences telomere length (TL). This single laboratory visit study compared the TL of master sprinters and endurance runners with their young counterparts. The correlation between leukocyte and buccal cell TL in athletes was also explored. Participants consisted of 11 young controls, 11 young sprinters, 12 young endurance runners, 12 middle-aged controls, 11 master sprinters, and 12 master endurance runners. Blood and buccal samples were collected and randomized for analysis of TL by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Young endurance runners displayed longer telomeres than master athletes (p < .05); however, these differences were not significant when controlled for covariates (p > .05). A positive correlation existed between leukocyte and buccal cell TL in athletes (r = .567, p < .001). In conclusion, young endurance runners possess longer telomeres than master endurance runners and sprinters, a consequence of lower body mass index and visceral fat.
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Is lifelong endurance training associated with maintaining levels of testosterone, interleukin-10, and body fat in middle-aged males? J Clin Transl Res 2021; 7:450-455. [PMID: 34667891 PMCID: PMC8520705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aging is associated with a gradual physiological decline, including an imbalance in hormone profile, increased adiposity, and reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, lifelong physical exercise mitigates aging, as observed in endurance-trained middle-aged athletes (EMA). Aim: We compared and associated testosterone, interleukin 10 (IL-10), and body fat in EMA and untrained age-matched individuals (UAM). Methods: Participants were EMA (n=25; 51.48±9.49 years) and UAM (n=23; 46.0±9.37 years). Both groups underwent body composition measurements (evaluated by a skinfold protocol) and blood sampling for IL-10 (assessed through ELISA® kit) and testosterone (assessed with Roche Diagnostics® kit, Mannheim, Germany, by chemiluminescence technique in a third-party laboratory). Results: EMA had lower body fat (14.15±3.82% vs. 23.42±4.95%; P<0.05), higher testosterone (751.68±191.45 ng/dL vs. 493.04±175.15 ng/dL; P<0.05), and higher IL-10 (8.00±1.21 pg/mL vs. 5.89±1.16 pg/mL; P<0.05) compared to UAM. A significant linear correlation was found between testosterone and IL-10 (r=0.56; P=0.001), whereas significant inverse correlations were observed between body fat and testosterone (r=–0.52; P=0.001) and body fat and IL-10 (r=–0.69; P=0.001). Conclusions: EMA had higher levels of IL-10 and testosterone and lower body fat in comparison with UAM. In addition, higher IL-10 was associated with increased levels of circulating testosterone and lower body fat. Relevance for Patients: The adoption of endurance training as part of a healthy lifestyle may contribute to decreasing age-related testosterone reduction, besides reducing markers of inflammaging, preventing the occurrence of chronic age-related diseases, and thus contributing to healthy aging. For people who already have chronic diseases, physical exercise can shift the immune system toward a more anti-inflammatory profile and, thus, improve their pathological condition. In both cases, physical exercise can help attenuate the decline in testosterone, decrease body fat, and increase anti-inflammatory levels.
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Aguiar SS, Rosa TS, Neves RVP, Leite PLA, Maciel LA, Gutierrez SD, Rosa EC, Andrade RV, Degens H, Korhonen MT, Lewis JE, Simões HG. Telomere Length, SIRT1, and Insulin in Male Master Athletes: The Path to Healthy Longevity? Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:29-33. [PMID: 34256387 DOI: 10.1055/a-1510-9259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lower SIRT1 and insulin resistance are associated with accelerated telomere shortening. This study investigated whether the lifestyle of master athletes can attenuate these age-related changes and thereby slow aging. We compared insulin, SIRT1, and telomere length in highly trained male master athletes (n=52; aged 49.9±7.2 yrs) and age-matched non-athletes (n=19; aged 47.3±8.9 yrs). This is a cross-sectional study, in which all data were collected in one visit. Overnight fasted SIRT1 and insulin levels in whole blood were assessed using commercial kits. Relative telomere length was determined in leukocytes through qPCR analyses. Master athletes had higher SIRT1, lower insulin, and longer telomere length than age-matched non-athletes (p<0.05 for all). Insulin was inversely associated with SIRT1 (r=-0.38; p=0.001). Telomere length correlated positively with SIRT1 (r=0.65; p=0.001), whereas telomere length and insulin were not correlated (r=0.03; p=0.87). In conclusion, master athletes have higher SIRT1, lower insulin, and longer telomeres than age-matched non-athletes. Furthermore, SIRT1 was negatively associated with insulin and positively associated with telomere length. These findings suggest that in this sample of middle-aged participants reduced insulin, increased SIRT1 activity, and attenuation of biological aging are connected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Physical Education Department, University Center - UDF, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V P Neves
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Patrício L A Leite
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Maciel
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Sara D Gutierrez
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Erica C Rosa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Rosângela V Andrade
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University.,Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas
| | - Marko T Korhonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - John E Lewis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables Florida, United States
| | - Herbert G Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Si Y, Kazamel M, Benatar M, Wuu J, Kwon Y, Kwan T, Jiang N, Kentrup D, Faul C, Alesce L, King PH. FGF23, a novel muscle biomarker detected in the early stages of ALS. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12062. [PMID: 34103575 PMCID: PMC8187665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Skeletal muscle is a prime source for biomarker discovery since it is one of the earliest sites to manifest disease pathology. From a prior RNA sequencing project, we identified FGF23 as a potential muscle biomarker in ALS. Here, we validate this finding with a large collection of ALS muscle samples and found a 13-fold increase over normal controls. FGF23 was also increased in the SOD1G93A mouse, beginning at a very early stage and well before the onset of clinical symptoms. FGF23 levels progressively increased through end-stage in the mouse. Immunohistochemistry of ALS muscle showed prominent FGF23 immunoreactivity in the endomysial connective tissue and along the muscle membrane and was significantly higher around grouped atrophic fibers compared to non-atrophic fibers. ELISA of plasma samples from the SOD1G93A mouse showed an increase in FGF23 at end-stage whereas no increase was detected in a large cohort of ALS patients. In conclusion, FGF23 is a novel muscle biomarker in ALS and joins a molecular signature that emerges in very early preclinical stages. The early appearance of FGF23 and its progressive increase with disease progression offers a new direction for exploring the molecular basis and response to the underlying pathology of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Si
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Mohamed Kazamel
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Joanne Wuu
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yuri Kwon
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Thaddaeus Kwan
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Dominik Kentrup
- Department of Medicine (Division of Nephrology and Hypertension), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Christian Faul
- Department of Medicine (Division of Nephrology and Hypertension), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lyndsy Alesce
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Peter H King
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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17
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Association of physical activity levels and the prevalence of COVID-19-associated hospitalization. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:913-918. [PMID: 34090826 PMCID: PMC8141261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We compared physical activity levels before the outbreak and quarantine measures with COVID-19-associated hospitalization prevalence in surviving patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we investigated the association of physical activity levels with symptoms of the disease, length of hospital stay, and mechanical ventilation. Design Observational, cross-sectional. Methods Between June 2020 and August 2020, we invited Brazilian survivors and fully recovered patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 to respond to an online questionnaire. We shared the electronic link to the questionnaire on the internet. We collected data about clinical outcomes (symptoms, medications, hospitalization, and length of hospital stay) and cofactors, such as age, sex, ethnicity, preexisting diseases, socioeconomic and educational, and physical activity levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short version). Results Out of 938 patients, 91 (9.7%) were hospitalized due to COVID-19. In a univariate analysis, sex, age, and BMI were all associated with hospitalizations due to COVID-19. Men had a higher prevalence of hospitalization (66.6%, p = 0.013). Patients older than 65 years, obese, and with preexisting disease had a higher prevalence of COVID-19-related hospitalizations. In a multivariate regression model, performance of at least 150 min/wk (moderate) and/or 75 min/wk (vigorous) physical activity was associated with a lower prevalence of hospitalizations after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and preexisting diseases (PR = 0.657; p = 0.046). Conclusions Sufficient physical activity levels were associated with a lower prevalence of COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Performing at least 150 min a week of moderate-intensity, or 75 min a week of vigorous-intensity physical activity was associated with 34.3% reduction in prevalence.
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18
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Barbosa LP, da Silva Aguiar S, Santos PA, Dos Santos Rosa T, Maciel LA, de Deus LA, Neves RVP, de Araújo Leite PL, Gutierrez SD, Sousa CV, Korhonen MT, Degens H, Simões HG. Relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and testosterone levels in male master athletes and non-athletes. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111407. [PMID: 34022273 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is often associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and reduced anabolic hormone levels. To investigate whether lifelong exercise training can decrease the age-related low-grade inflammation and anabolic hormone levels, we examined hormonal and inflammatory parameters among highly-trained male masters athletes and age-matched non-athletes. METHODS From 70 elite power and endurance master athletes - EMA (51.3 ± 8.0 yr), 32 young controls - YC (23.7 ± 3.9 yr) and 24 untrained age-matched controls - MAC (47.2 ± 8.0 yr) venous blood was drawn to measure inflammatory parameters (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-10 [IL-10]) and circulating hormones (luteinizing hormone [LH], total testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG] and free androgen index [FAI]). RESULTS EMA showed a better anti-inflammatory status than MAC (higher IL-10 and IL-10/IL-6 ratio and lower IL-6), but a lower anti-inflammatory status than YC (higher TNF-α) (p < 0.05). The MAC group had lower testosterone levels compared to the YC and EMA group (p < 0.05), and lower estradiol levels and testosterone/LH ratio compared to YC (p < 0.05). In the control groups (MAC and YC), testosterone correlated negatively with age and proinflammatory parameters, and positively with anti-inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSION Elite master athletics elevated levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines above that seen in non-athlete peers and mitigated the age-related reduction in testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pinheiro Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil.
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, UDF University Center, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Patrick Anderson Santos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Larissa Alves Maciel
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves de Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sara Duarte Gutierrez
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marko T Korhonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil.
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Vázquez-Sánchez S, Poveda J, Navarro-García JA, González-Lafuente L, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, Ruilope LM, Ruiz-Hurtado G. An Overview of FGF-23 as a Novel Candidate Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk. Front Physiol 2021; 12:632260. [PMID: 33767635 PMCID: PMC7985069 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.632260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF)-23 is a phosphaturic hormone involved in mineral bone metabolism that helps control phosphate homeostasis and reduces 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D synthesis. Recent data have highlighted the relevant direct FGF-23 effects on the myocardium, and high plasma levels of FGF-23 have been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in humans, such as heart failure and arrhythmias. Therefore, FGF-23 has emerged as a novel biomarker of cardiovascular risk in the last decade. Indeed, experimental data suggest FGF-23 as a direct mediator of cardiac hypertrophy development, cardiac fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction via specific myocardial FGF receptor (FGFR) activation. Therefore, the FGF-23/FGFR pathway might be a suitable therapeutic target for reducing the deleterious effects of FGF-23 on the cardiovascular system. More research is needed to fully understand the intracellular FGF-23-dependent mechanisms, clarify the downstream pathways and identify which could be the most appropriate targets for better therapeutic intervention. This review updates the current knowledge on both clinical and experimental studies and highlights the evidence linking FGF-23 to cardiovascular events. The aim of this review is to establish the specific role of FGF-23 in the heart, its detrimental effects on cardiac tissue and the possible new therapeutic opportunities to block these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vázquez-Sánchez
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonay Poveda
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alberto Navarro-García
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura González-Lafuente
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Ruilope
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- School of Doctoral Studies and Research, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Aguiar SS, Sousa CV, Santos PA, Barbosa LP, Maciel LA, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Motta-Santos D, Rosa TS, Degens H, Simões HG. Master athletes have longer telomeres than age-matched non-athletes. A systematic review, meta-analysis and discussion of possible mechanisms. Exp Gerontol 2020; 146:111212. [PMID: 33387607 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was 1) to assess whether master athletes have longer telomeres than age-matched non-athletes and 2) discuss possible underlying mechanisms underlying telomere length preservation in master athletes. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus up to August 2020. Only original articles published in peer-reviewed journals that compared telomere length between master athletes and aged-matched non-athletes were included. Eleven studies fulfilled eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. Overall, 240 master athletes (51.9±7.5 years) and 209 age-matched non-athletes (50.1±9.1 years) were analyzed. Master athletes had been participating in high-level competitions for approximately 16.6 years. Pooled analyses revealed that master athletes had longer telomeres than aged-matched non-athletes (SMD=0.89; 95% CI=0.45 to 1.33; p<0.001). Master athletes showed lower pro-oxidant damage (SMD=0.59; 95% CI=0.26 to 0.91; p<0.001) and higher antioxidant capacity (SMD=-0.46; 95% CI=-0.89 to -0.03; p=0.04) than age-matched non-athletes. Further, greater telomere length in master athletes is associated with lower oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and enhanced shelterin protein expression and telomerase activity. In conclusion, 1) master athletes have longer telomeres than age-matched non-athletes, which may be the result of 2) lower levels of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and elevated shelterin expression and telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil; Physical Education Department, University Center - UDF, DF, Brazil.
| | - Caio V Sousa
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Patrick A Santos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Lucas P Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Maciel
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Hélio J Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Occupational Therapy, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Herbert G Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
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21
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Higgins MR, Izadi A, Kaviani M. Antioxidants and Exercise Performance: With a Focus on Vitamin E and C Supplementation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8452. [PMID: 33203106 PMCID: PMC7697466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant supplementation, including vitamin E and C supplementation, has recently received recognition among athletes as a possible method for enhancing athletic performance. Increased oxidative stress during exercise results in the production of free radicals, which leads to muscle damage, fatigue, and impaired performance. Despite their negative effects on performance, free radicals may act as signaling molecules enhancing protection against greater physical stress. Current evidence suggests that antioxidant supplementation may impair these adaptations. Apart from athletes training at altitude and those looking for an immediate, short-term performance enhancement, supplementation with vitamin E does not appear to be beneficial. Moreover, the effectiveness of vitamin E and C alone and/or combined on muscle mass and strength have been inconsistent. Given that antioxidant supplements (e.g., vitamin E and C) tend to block anabolic signaling pathways, and thus, impair adaptations to resistance training, special caution should be taken with these supplements. It is recommended that athletes consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, which provides vitamins, minerals phytochemicals, and other bioactive compounds to meet the recommended intakes of vitamin E and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn Riley Higgins
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada;
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran;
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada;
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