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Chan DC, Lin YC, Tzeng HP, Yang RS, Chiang MT, Liu SH. Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, alleviates muscular dysfunction and wasting in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model compared to metformin. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102479. [PMID: 39018713 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic muscular atrophy is becoming a fast-growing problem worldwide, including sarcopenia, which is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity risk. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been marketed and suggested to exert protective effects on not only glycemic control but also diabetic complications in diabetic patients. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic use of GLP-1RAs exendin-4, compared to antidiabetic drug metformin, for the intervention of muscular dysfunction during diabetic conditions using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. The results showed that both exendin-4 and metformin could effectively alleviate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice, and also counteract diabetes-induced muscle weight loss, weaker grip, and changes in muscle fiber cross-sectional area distribution. Unexpectedly, exendin-4, but not metformin, enhanced the increased kidney weight and histological change in diabetic mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that both exendin-4 and metformin could effectively improve the diabetic hyperglycemia and muscular dysfunction; but exendin-4 may aggravate the nephropathy in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Cheng Chan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Lin
- Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huei-Ping Tzeng
- Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Meng-Tsan Chiang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Wulff BS, Kuhre RE, Selvaraj M, Rehfeld JF, Niss K, Fels JJ, Anna S, Raun K, Gerstenberg MK. Improved leptin sensitivity and increased soluble leptin receptor concentrations may underlie the additive effects of combining PYY [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] and exendin-4 on body weight lowering in diet-induced obese mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32009. [PMID: 39183855 PMCID: PMC11341243 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Co-treatment with long acting PYY and the GLP-1 receptor agonists has potential as an efficient obesity treatment. This study investigates whether the mechanisms behind additive reduction of food intake and weight loss depends on complementary effects in brain areas regulating food intake and if restoration of leptin sensitivity is involved. Methods Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were co-treated with PYY(3-36) and exendin-4 (Ex4, GLP-1R agonist) for 14 days using minipumps. Leptin responsiveness was evaluated by measuring food intake and body weight after leptin injection, and gene expression profile was investigated in various of brain regions and liver. Results We show that weight loss associated with co-treatment of PYY(3-36) and Ex4 and Ex4 mono-treatment in DIO mice increased expression of several genes in area postrema (AP) known to be involved in appetite regulation and Cart, Pdyn, Bdnf and Klb were synergistically upregulated by the co-treatment. The upregulations were independent of weight loss, as shown by inclusion of a weight matched control. Moreover, PYY(3-36) and Ex4 co-treatment resulted in synergistically upregulated plasma concentrations of soluble leptin receptor (SLR) and improved sensitivity to exogenous leptin demonstrated by food intake lowering. Conclusion The study results suggest that synergistic upregulation of appetite-regulating genes in AP and improved leptin sensitivity are important mediators for the additive weight loss resulting from PYY and Ex4 co-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Madhan Selvaraj
- Translational Research, Global Translation, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Jens F. Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Niss
- Biomarker Discovery, R&ED Digital Science and Innovation, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Johannes J. Fels
- Research Bioanalysis, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Secher Anna
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Raun
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
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Dumiaty Y, Underwood BM, Phy-Lim J, Chee MJ. Neurocircuitry underlying the actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY 3-36 in the suppression of food, drug-seeking, and anxiogenesis. Neuropeptides 2024; 105:102427. [PMID: 38579490 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a critical health condition worldwide that increases the risks of comorbid chronic diseases, but it can be managed with weight loss. However, conventional interventions relying on diet and exercise are inadequate for achieving and maintaining weight loss, thus there is significant market interest for pharmaceutical anti-obesity agents. For decades, receptor agonists for the gut peptide glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) featured prominently in anti-obesity medications by suppressing appetite and food reward to elicit rapid weight loss. As the neurocircuitry underlying food motivation overlaps with that for drugs of abuse, GLP-1 receptor agonism has also been shown to decrease substance use and relapse, thus its therapeutic potential may extend beyond weight management to treat addictions. However, as prolonged use of anti-obesity drugs may increase the risk of mood-related disorders like anxiety and depression, and individuals taking GLP-1-based medication commonly report feeling demotivated, the long-term safety of such drugs is an ongoing concern. Interestingly, current research now focuses on dual agonist approaches that include GLP-1 receptor agonism to enable synergistic effects on weight loss or associated functions. GLP-1 is secreted from the same intestinal cells as the anorectic gut peptide, Peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36), thus this review assessed the therapeutic potential and underlying neural circuits targeted by PYY3-36 when administered independently or in combination with GLP-1 to curb the appetite for food or drugs of abuse like opiates, alcohol, and nicotine. Additionally, we also reviewed animal and human studies to assess the impact, if any, for GLP-1 and/or PYY3-36 on mood-related behaviors in relation to anxiety and depression. As dual agonists targeting GLP-1 and PYY3-36 may produce synergistic effects, they can be effective at lower doses and offer an alternative approach for therapeutic benefits while mitigating undesirable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Dumiaty
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Brett M Underwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Jenny Phy-Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Melissa J Chee
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Caffrey A, Lavecchia E, Merkel R, Zhang Y, Chichura KS, Hayes MR, Doyle RP, Schmidt HD. PYY 3-36 infused systemically or directly into the VTA attenuates fentanyl seeking in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2023; 239:109686. [PMID: 37572954 PMCID: PMC10528880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
More effective treatments for fentanyl use disorder are urgently needed. An emerging literature indicates that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists attenuate voluntary opioid taking and seeking in rodents. However, GLP-1R agonists produce adverse malaise-like effects that may limit patient compliance. Recently, we developed a dual agonist of GLP-1Rs and neuropeptide Y2 receptors (Y2Rs) that attenuates fentanyl taking and seeking at doses that do not produce malaise-like effects in opioid-experienced rats. Whether activating Y2Rs alone is sufficient to reduce opioid taking and seeking, however, is not known. Here, we investigated the efficacy of the Y2R ligand PYY3-36 to reduce fentanyl self-administration and the reinstatement of fentanyl-seeking behavior, a model of relapse in humans. Male rats were allowed to self-administer fentanyl (2.5 μg/kg, i.v.) for 21 days on a fixed-ratio 5 (FR5) schedule of reinforcement. Rats were then pretreated with vehicle or PYY3-36 (50 μg/kg s.c.; 0.1 and 1.0 μg/100 nL intra-VTA) prior to fentanyl self-administration test sessions. There were no effects of systemic or intra-VTA PYY3-36 on intravenous fentanyl self-administration. Opioid taking was then extinguished. Prior to subsequent reinstatement test sessions, rats were pretreated with vehicle or PYY3-36 (50 μg/kg s.c.; 0.1 and 1.0 μg/100 nL intra-VTA). Both systemic and intra-VTA administration of PYY3-36 attenuated fentanyl reinstatement in male rats at doses that did not affect food intake or produce adverse malaise-like effects. These findings indicate that Y2R agonism alone is sufficient to decrease fentanyl-seeking behavior during abstinence in opioid-experienced rats and further support strategies aimed at targeting Y2Rs for treating opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caffrey
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - E Lavecchia
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - R Merkel
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - K S Chichura
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, NY, 13244, USA
| | - M R Hayes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - R P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, NY, 13244, USA; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - H D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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5
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Li S, Liu M, Cao S, Liu B, Li D, Wang Z, Sun H, Cui Y, Shi Y. The Mechanism of the Gut-Brain Axis in Regulating Food Intake. Nutrients 2023; 15:3728. [PMID: 37686760 PMCID: PMC10490484 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of energy metabolism disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and anorexia, the regulation of feeding has become the focus of global attention. The gastrointestinal tract is not only the site of food digestion and absorption but also contains a variety of appetite-regulating signals such as gut-brain peptides, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), bacterial proteins, and cellular components produced by gut microbes. While the central nervous system (CNS), as the core of appetite regulation, can receive and integrate these appetite signals and send instructions to downstream effector organs to promote or inhibit the body's feeding behaviour. This review will focus on the gut-brain axis mechanism of feeding behaviour, discussing how the peripheral appetite signal is sensed by the CNS via the gut-brain axis and the role of the central "first order neural nuclei" in the process of appetite regulation. Here, elucidation of the gut-brain axis mechanism of feeding regulation may provide new strategies for future production practises and the treatment of diseases such as anorexia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Boshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Chichura KS, Elfers CT, Salameh TS, Kamat V, Chepurny OG, McGivney A, Milliken BT, Holz GG, Applebey SV, Hayes MR, Sweet IR, Roth CL, Doyle RP. A peptide triple agonist of GLP-1, neuropeptide Y1, and neuropeptide Y2 receptors promotes glycemic control and weight loss. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9554. [PMID: 37308546 PMCID: PMC10261008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying long-term sustained weight loss and glycemic normalization after obesity surgery include changes in gut hormone levels, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). We demonstrate that two peptide biased agonists (GEP44 and GEP12) of the GLP-1, neuropeptide Y1, and neuropeptide Y2 receptors (GLP-1R, Y1-R, and Y2-R, respectively) elicit Y1-R antagonist-controlled, GLP-1R-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion in both rat and human pancreatic islets, thus revealing the counteracting effects of Y1-R and GLP-1R agonism. These agonists also promote insulin-independent Y1-R-mediated glucose uptake in muscle tissue ex vivo and more profound reductions in food intake and body weight than liraglutide when administered to diet-induced obese rats. Our findings support a role for Y1-R signaling in glucoregulation and highlight the therapeutic potential of simultaneous receptor targeting to achieve long-term benefits for millions of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie S Chichura
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Clinton T Elfers
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Therese S Salameh
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Varun Kamat
- Diabetes Research Institute and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Oleg G Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Aelish McGivney
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Brandon T Milliken
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Sarah V Applebey
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ian R Sweet
- Diabetes Research Institute and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christian L Roth
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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7
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Sridhar A, Khan D, Flatt PR, Irwin N, Moffett RC. PYY (3-36) protects against high fat feeding induced changes of pancreatic islet and intestinal hormone content and morphometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130359. [PMID: 37001706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged high fat feeding negatively impacts pancreatic and intestinal morphology. In this regard, direct effects of PYY(3-36) on intestinal cell and pancreatic islet morphometry are yet to be fully explored in the setting of obesity. METHODS We examined the influence of 21-days twice daily treatment with PYY(3-36) on these parameters in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). RESULTS PYY(3-36) treatment decreased food intake, body weight and circulating glucose in HFD mice. In terms of intestinal morphology, crypt depth was restored to control levels by PYY(3-36), with an additional enlargement of villi length. PYY(3-36) also reversed HFD-induced decreases of ileal PYY, and especially GLP-1, content. HFD increased numbers of PYY and GIP positive ileal cells, with PYY(3-36) fully reversing the effect on PYY cell detection. There were no obvious differences in the overall number of GLP-1 positive ileal cells in all mice, barring PYY(3-36) marginally decreasing GLP-1 villi cell immunoreactivity. Within pancreatic islets, PYY(3-36) significantly decreased alpha-cell area, whilst islet, beta-, PYY- and delta-cell areas remained unchanged. However, PYY(3-36) increased the percentage of beta-cells while also reducing percentage alpha-cell area. This was related to PYY(3-36)-induced reductions of beta-cell proliferation and apoptosis frequencies. Co-localisation of islet PYY with glucagon or somatostatin was elevated by PYY(3-36), with GLP-1/glucagon co-visualisation increased when compared to lean controls. CONCLUSION PYY(3-36) exerts protective effects on pancreatic and intestinal morphology in HFD mice linked to elevated ileal GLP-1 content. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These observations highlight mechanisms linked to the metabolic and weight reducing benefits of PYY(3-36).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sridhar
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK
| | - D Khan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK
| | - P R Flatt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK
| | - N Irwin
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK.
| | - R C Moffett
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK
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8
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Perens J, Salinas CG, Roostalu U, Skytte JL, Gundlach C, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Dahl AB, Dyrby TB. Multimodal 3D Mouse Brain Atlas Framework with the Skull-Derived Coordinate System. Neuroinformatics 2023; 21:269-286. [PMID: 36809643 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-023-09623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) are technologies that enable non-disruptive 3-dimensional imaging of whole mouse brains. A combination of complementary information from both modalities is desirable for studying neuroscience in general, disease progression and drug efficacy. Although both technologies rely on atlas mapping for quantitative analyses, the translation of LSFM recorded data to MRI templates has been complicated by the morphological changes inflicted by tissue clearing and the enormous size of the raw data sets. Consequently, there is an unmet need for tools that will facilitate fast and accurate translation of LSFM recorded brains to in vivo, non-distorted templates. In this study, we have developed a bidirectional multimodal atlas framework that includes brain templates based on both imaging modalities, region delineations from the Allen's Common Coordinate Framework, and a skull-derived stereotaxic coordinate system. The framework also provides algorithms for bidirectional transformation of results obtained using either MR or LSFM (iDISCO cleared) mouse brain imaging while the coordinate system enables users to easily assign in vivo coordinates across the different brain templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Perens
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm, Denmark.,Section for Visual Computing, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Carsten Gundlach
- Neutrons and X-rays for Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Bjorholm Dahl
- Section for Visual Computing, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim B Dyrby
- Section for Visual Computing, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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The Probiotic Combination of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JY062 and Lactobacillus gasseri JM1 Alleviates Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder via Improving Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040839. [PMID: 36839197 PMCID: PMC9958595 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have received wide attention as a potential way to alleviate gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders. Herein, we investigated the effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JY062, Lactobacillus gasseri JM1, and the probiotic combination at 5 × 109 CFU/mL on mice induced by loperamide and explored the possible underlying mechanisms in GI motility disorder. After two weeks of probiotic intervention, the results indicated that the probiotic combination alleviated GI motility disorder better. It increased the secretion of excitatory GI regulators motilin, gastrin, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and decreased the secretion of the inhibitory GI regulators peptide YY and nitric oxide (NO), except vasoactive intestinal peptide. 5-HT and NO were related to the mRNA expression of 5-HT4 receptor and nitric oxide synthase, respectively. The intervention of probiotic combination also increased the number of interstitial cells of Cajal and the expression of SCF/c-kit protein. In addition, it also increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Rikenellaceae, and Clostridiaceae_Clostridium) and improved the contents of short-chain fatty acids in cecum contents of mice. In conclusion, the probiotic combination of L. paracasei JY062 and L. gasseri JM1 has the potential to alleviate GI motility disorders by balancing intestinal homeostasis.
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10
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Could Naringenin Participate as a Regulator of Obesity and Satiety? Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031450. [PMID: 36771113 PMCID: PMC9921626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide, since it is associated with multiple metabolic disorders and complications such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease and overall metabolic dysfunction. Dysregulation of the hunger-satiety pathway, which includes alterations of central and peripheral signaling, explains some forms of obesity by favoring hyperphagia and weight gain. The present work comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms by which naringenin (NAR), a predominant flavanone in citrus fruits, could modulate the main pathways associated with the development of obesity and some of its comorbidities, such as oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia, as well as the role of NAR in modulating the secretion of enterohormones of the satiety pathway and its possible antiobesogenic effect. The results of multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NAR has various potentially modulatory biological effects against obesity by countering IR, inflammation, OS, macrophage infiltration, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and adipose deposition. Likewise, NAR is capable of modulating peptides or peripheral hormones directly associated with the hunger-satiety pathway, such as ghrelin, cholecystokinin, insulin, adiponectin and leptin. The evidence supports the use of NAR as a promising alternative to prevent overweight and obesity.
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Albaugh VL, He Y, Münzberg H, Morrison CD, Yu S, Berthoud HR. Regulation of body weight: Lessons learned from bariatric surgery. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101517. [PMID: 35644477 PMCID: PMC9938317 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric or weight loss surgery is currently the most effective treatment for obesity and metabolic disease. Unlike dieting and pharmacology, its beneficial effects are sustained over decades in most patients, and mortality is among the lowest for major surgery. Because there are not nearly enough surgeons to implement bariatric surgery on a global scale, intensive research efforts have begun to identify its mechanisms of action on a molecular level in order to replace surgery with targeted behavioral or pharmacological treatments. To date, however, there is no consensus as to the critical mechanisms involved. SCOPE OF REVIEW The purpose of this non-systematic review is to evaluate the existing evidence for specific molecular and inter-organ signaling pathways that play major roles in bariatric surgery-induced weight loss and metabolic benefits, with a focus on Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), in both humans and rodents. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Gut-brain communication and its brain targets of food intake control and energy balance regulation are complex and redundant. Although the relatively young science of bariatric surgery has generated a number of hypotheses, no clear and unique mechanism has yet emerged. It seems increasingly likely that the broad physiological and behavioral effects produced by bariatric surgery do not involve a single mechanism, but rather multiple signaling pathways. Besides a need to improve and better validate surgeries in animals, advanced techniques, including inducible, tissue-specific knockout models, and the use of humanized physiological traits will be necessary. State-of-the-art genetically-guided neural identification techniques should be used to more selectively manipulate function-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Albaugh
- Translational and Integrative Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Research Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Sangho Yu
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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12
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Wang H, Zhou C, Gu S, Sun Y. Surrogate fostering of mice prevents prenatal estradiol-induced insulin resistance via modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1050352. [PMID: 36699605 PMCID: PMC9868306 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prenatal and early postnatal development are known to influence future health. We previously reported that prenatal high estradiol (HE) exposure induces insulin resistance in male mice by disrupting hypothalamus development. Because a foster dam can modify a pup's gut microbiota and affect its health later in life, we explored whether surrogate fostering could also influence glucose metabolism in HE offspring and examined mechanisms that might be involved. Methods We performed a surrogate fostering experiment in mice and examined the relationship between the metabolic markers associated to insulin resistance and the composition of the gut microbiota. Results HE pups raised by HE foster dams (HE-HE) developed insulin resistance, but HE pups fostered by negative control dams (NC-HE) did not. The gut microbiota composition of HE-HE mice differed from that of NC mice raised by NC foster dams (NC-NC), whereas the composition in NC-HE mice was similar to that of NC-NC mice. Compared with NC-NC mice, HE-HE mice had decreased levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids and serum intestinal hormones, increased food intake, and increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y expression. In contrast, none of these indices differed between NC-HE and NC-NC mice. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between the altered gut microbiota composition and the insulin resistance-related metabolic indicators, indicating involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Discussion Our findings suggest that alterations in the early growth environment may prevent fetal-programmed glucose metabolic disorder via modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. These findings offer direction for development of translational solutions for adult diseases associated with aberrant microbial communities in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China,Animal Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengliang Zhou
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuping Gu
- Department of Science and Technology Research, Shanghai Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China,Animal Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yun Sun, ✉
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13
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Yang Q, Tang W, Sun L, Yan Z, Tang C, Yuan Y, Zhou H, Zhou F, Zhou S, Wu Q, Song P, Fang T, Xu R, Han J, Jiang N. Design of Xenopus GLP-1-Based Long-Acting Dual GLP-1/Y 2 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14201-14220. [PMID: 36214844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and neuropeptide Y2 receptor (Y2R) dual agonists have shown great potential to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We developed a multitarget strategy to design monomeric agonists based on Xenopus GLP-1 (xGLP-1) and PYY3-36 analogues with dual activation activities on GLP-1R and Y2R. A novel peptide, 6q, was obtained via stepwise structure optimization and in vitro receptor screens. In db/db and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, 6q produced greater effects on long-term glycemic control and body weight reduction than GLP-1R and Y2R monoagonist counterparts. Notably, in high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice, 6q treatment significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and reversed hepatic steatosis compared with GLP-1R monoagonist (liraglutide) treatment. Collectively, these data support the therapeutic potential of our GLP-1R/Y2R dual agonist 6q as a novel antidiabetic, antiobesity, and antisteatotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Weizhong Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Lidan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Chunli Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Yongliang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Peng Song
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Ting Fang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Ronglian Xu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Neng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
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14
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Manavi MA. Neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues in epilepsy and associated comorbidities. Neuropeptides 2022; 94:102250. [PMID: 35561568 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition induced by losing equilibrium of different pathway as well as neurotransmitters that affects over 50 million people globally. Furthermore, long-term administration of anti-seizure medications has been associated with psychological adverse effects. Also, epilepsy has been related to an increased prevalence of obesity and called type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, GLP-1 receptors are located throughout the brain, including the hippocampus, which have been associated to majority of neurological conditions, such as epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. Moreover, the impact of different GLP-1 analogues on diverse neurotransmitter systems and associated cellular and molecular pathways as a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy and associated comorbidities has piqued curiosity. In this regard, the anticonvulsant effects of GLP-1 analogues have been investigated in various animal models and promising results such as anticonvulsants as well as cognitive improvements have been observed. For instance, GLP-1 analogues like liraglutide in addition to their possible anticonvulsant benefits, could be utilized to alleviate mental cognitive problems caused by both epilepsy and anti-seizure medication side effects. In this review and growing protective function of GLP-1 in epilepsy induced by disturbed neurotransmitter pathways and the probable mechanisms of action of GLP-1 analogues as well as the GLP-1 receptor in these effects have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Manavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Woodward ORM, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Lewis JE. Gut peptide regulation of food intake - evidence for the modulation of hedonic feeding. J Physiol 2022; 600:1053-1078. [PMID: 34152020 DOI: 10.1113/jp280581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people living with obesity has tripled worldwide since 1975 with serious implications for public health, as obesity is linked to a significantly higher chance of early death from associated comorbidities (metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer). As obesity is a consequence of food intake exceeding the demands of energy expenditure, efforts are being made to better understand the homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms governing food intake. Gastrointestinal peptides are secreted from enteroendocrine cells in response to nutrient and energy intake, and modulate food intake either via afferent nerves, including the vagus nerve, or directly within the central nervous system, predominantly gaining access at circumventricular organs. Enteroendocrine hormones modulate homeostatic control centres at hypothalamic nuclei and the dorso-vagal complex. Additional roles of these peptides in modulating hedonic food intake and/or preference via the neural systems of reward are starting to be elucidated, with both peripheral and central peptide sources potentially contributing to central receptor activation. Pharmacological interventions and gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity elevate enteroendocrine hormone levels and also alter food preference. Hence, understanding of the hedonic mechanisms mediated by gut peptide action could advance development of potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla R M Woodward
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jo E Lewis
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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16
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Tanday N, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Amplifying the antidiabetic actions of glucagon-like peptide-1: Potential benefits of new adjunct therapies. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14699. [PMID: 34562330 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clinically approved for the treatment of diabetes and obesity, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists display prominent glucose- and weight-lowering effects as well as positive cardioprotective and neuroprotective actions. Despite these benefits, bariatric surgery remains superior in producing robust and sustained weight loss alongside improvements in metabolic control with possible diabetes remission. The current review considers the potential for adjunct therapies to augment the therapeutic actions of GLP-1 receptor agonists. In this regard, several gut-derived hormones also, modulated by bariatric surgery, display additive properties when combined with GLP-1 receptor agonists in both preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, glucocorticoids and oestrogen have shown promise in augmenting the biological actions of GLP-1 in animal models. Additionally, GLP-1 efficacy can also be enhanced by use of compounds that prolong GLP-1 receptor coupling to potentiate downstream receptor signalling. Taken together, therapies that activate GLP-1 receptor signalling, in combination with various other cell signalling pathways, show potential for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity with superiority over GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Tanday
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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17
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Boland BB, Laker RC, O'Brien S, Sitaula S, Sermadiras I, Nielsen JC, Barkholt P, Roostalu U, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Sejthen SR, Thorbek DD, Suckow A, Burmeister N, Oldham S, Will S, Howard VG, Gill BM, Newton P, Naylor J, Hornigold DC, Austin J, Lantier L, McGuinness OP, Trevaskis JL, Grimsby JS, Rhodes CJ. Peptide-YY 3-36/glucagon-like peptide-1 combination treatment of obese diabetic mice improves insulin sensitivity associated with recovered pancreatic β-cell function and synergistic activation of discrete hypothalamic and brainstem neuronal circuitries. Mol Metab 2021; 55:101392. [PMID: 34781035 PMCID: PMC8717237 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-linked type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide health concern and many novel approaches are being considered for its treatment and subsequent prevention of serious comorbidities. Co-administration of glucagon like peptide 1 (Fc-GLP-1) and peptide YY3-36 (Fc-PYY3-36) renders a synergistic decrease in energy intake in obese men. However, mechanistic details of the synergy between these peptide agonists and their effects on metabolic homeostasis remain relatively scarce. METHODS In this study, we utilized long-acting analogues of GLP-1 and PYY3-36 (via Fc-peptide conjugation) to better characterize the synergistic pharmacological benefits of their co-administration on body weight and glycaemic regulation in obese and diabetic mouse models. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were used to measure weight-independent effects of Fc-PYY3-36 + Fc-GLP-1 on insulin action. Fluorescent light sheet microscopy analysis of whole brain was performed to assess activation of brain regions. RESULTS Co-administration of long-acting Fc-IgG/peptide conjugates of Fc-GLP-1 and Fc-PYY3-36 (specific for PYY receptor-2 (Y2R)) resulted in profound weight loss, restored glucose homeostasis, and recovered endogenous β-cell function in two mouse models of obese T2D. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in C57BLKS/J db/db and diet-induced obese Y2R-deficient (Y2RKO) mice indicated Y2R is required for a weight-independent improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity and enhanced hepatic glycogenesis. Brain cFos staining demonstrated distinct temporal activation of regions of the hypothalamus and hindbrain following Fc-PYY3-36 + Fc-GLP-1R agonist administration. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a therapeutic approach for obesity/T2D that improved insulin sensitivity and restored endogenous β-cell function. These data also highlight the potential association between the gut-brain axis in control of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon B Boland
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; Gubra ApS, Horsholm, Denmark; PRECISIONscientia, Yardley, PA, USA
| | - Rhianna C Laker
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Siobhan O'Brien
- Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sadichha Sitaula
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabelle Sermadiras
- Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arthur Suckow
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; DTX Pharma, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Burmeister
- Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; Roche, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Oldham
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Will
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victor G Howard
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benji M Gill
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip Newton
- Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacqueline Naylor
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Hornigold
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jotham Austin
- University of Chicago Advanced Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louise Lantier
- Vanderbilt University Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Vanderbilt University Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James L Trevaskis
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Joseph S Grimsby
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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A novel approach to treating opioid use disorders: Dual agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors and neuropeptide Y 2 receptors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1169-1179. [PMID: 34715149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The widespread misuse of opioids and opioid use disorder (OUD) together constitute a major public health crisis in the United States. The greatest challenge for successfully treating OUD is preventing relapse. Unfortunately, there are few FDA-approved medications to treat OUD and, while effective, these pharmacotherapies are limited by high relapse rates. Thus, there is a critical need for conceptually new approaches to developing novel medications to treat OUD. Here, we review an emerging preclinical literature that suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists could be re-purposed for treating OUD. Potential limitations of this approach are also discussed along with an alternative strategy that involves simultaneously targeting and activating GLP-1Rs and neuropeptide Y2 receptors (Y2Rs) in the brain using a novel monomeric dual agonist peptide. Recent studies indicate that this combinatorial pharmacotherapy approach attenuates voluntary fentanyl taking and seeking in rats without producing adverse effects associated with GLP-1R agonist monotherapy alone. While future studies are required to comprehensively determine the behavioral effects of GLP-1R agonists and dual agonists of GLP-1Rs and Y2Rs in rodent models of OUD, these provocative preclinical findings highlight a potential new GLP-1R-based approach to preventing relapse in humans with OUD.
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19
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Liang C, Zhou XH, Jiao YH, Guo MJ, Meng L, Gong PM, Lyu LZ, Niu HY, Wu YF, Chen SW, Han X, Zhang LW. Ligilactobacillus Salivarius LCK11 Prevents Obesity by Promoting PYY Secretion to Inhibit Appetite and Regulating Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100136. [PMID: 34272917 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity is a common disease worldwide and there is an urgent need for strategies to preventing obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS The anti-obesity effect and mechanism of Ligilactobacillus salivarius LCK11 (LCK11) is studied using a C57BL/6J male mouse model in which obesity is induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Results show that LCK11 can prevent HFD-induced obesity, reflected as inhibited body weight gain, abdominal and liver fat accumulation and dyslipidemia. Analysis of its mechanism shows that on the one hand, LCK11 can inhibit food intake through significantly improving the transcriptional and translational levels of peptide YY (PYY) in the rectum, in addition to the eventual serum PYY level; this is attributed to the activation of the toll-like receptor 2/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in enteroendocrine L cells by the peptidoglycan of LCK11. On the other hand, LCK11 supplementation effectively reduces the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and shifts the overall structure of the HFD-disrupted gut microbiota toward that of mice fed on a low-fat diet; this also contributes to preventing obesity. CONCLUSION LCK11 shows the potential to be used as a novel probiotic for preventing obesity by both promoting PYY secretion to inhibit food intake and regulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150010, China
| | | | - Yue-Hua Jiao
- Drug safety evaluation center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Mei-Jie Guo
- Department of Adolescent Medical Clinic, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Li Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150500, China
| | - Pi-Min Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lin-Zheng Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Hai-Yue Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Shi-Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Lan-Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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20
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Perens J, Salinas CG, Skytte JL, Roostalu U, Dahl AB, Dyrby TB, Wichern F, Barkholt P, Vrang N, Jelsing J, Hecksher-Sørensen J. An Optimized Mouse Brain Atlas for Automated Mapping and Quantification of Neuronal Activity Using iDISCO+ and Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy. Neuroinformatics 2021; 19:433-446. [PMID: 33063286 PMCID: PMC8233272 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-020-09490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the combination of whole-brain immunolabelling, light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and subsequent registration of data with a common reference atlas, has enabled 3D visualization and quantification of fluorescent markers or tracers in the adult mouse brain. Today, the common coordinate framework version 3 developed by the Allen’s Institute of Brain Science (AIBS CCFv3), is widely used as the standard brain atlas for registration of LSFM data. However, the AIBS CCFv3 is based on histological processing and imaging modalities different from those used for LSFM imaging and consequently, the data differ in both tissue contrast and morphology. To improve the accuracy and speed by which LSFM-imaged whole-brain data can be registered and quantified, we have created an optimized digital mouse brain atlas based on immunolabelled and solvent-cleared brains. Compared to the AIBS CCFv3 atlas, our atlas resulted in faster and more accurate mapping of neuronal activity as measured by c-Fos expression, especially in the hindbrain. We further demonstrated utility of the LSFM atlas by comparing whole-brain quantitative changes in c-Fos expression following acute administration of semaglutide in lean and diet-induced obese mice. In combination with an improved algorithm for c-Fos detection, the LSFM atlas enables unbiased and computationally efficient characterization of drug effects on whole-brain neuronal activity patterns. In conclusion, we established an optimized reference atlas for more precise mapping of fluorescent markers, including c-Fos, in mouse brains processed for LSFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Perens
- Gubra ApS, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Anders Bjorholm Dahl
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim B Dyrby
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
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21
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Nauck MA, Wefers J, Meier JJ. Treatment of type 2 diabetes: challenges, hopes, and anticipated successes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:525-544. [PMID: 34181914 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the successful development of new therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, the search for novel treatment options that can provide better glycaemic control and at reduce complications is a continuous effort. The present Review aims to present an overview of novel targets and mechanisms and focuses on glucose-lowering effects guiding this search and developments. We discuss not only novel developments of insulin therapy (eg, so-called smart insulin preparation with a glucose-dependent mode of action), but also a group of drug classes for which extensive research efforts have not been rewarded with obvious clinical impact. We discuss the potential clinical use of the salutary adipokine adiponectin and the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, among others. A GLP-1 peptide receptor agonist (semaglutide) is now available for oral absorption, and small molecules activating GLP-1 receptors appear on the horizon. Bariatric surgery and its accompanying changes in the gut hormonal milieu offer a background for unimolecular peptides interacting with two or more receptors (for GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon, and peptide YY) and provide more substantial glycaemic control and bodyweight reduction compared with selective GLP-1 receptor agonists. These and additional approaches will help expand the toolbox of effective medications needed for optimising the treatment of well delineated subgroups of type 2 diabetes or help develop personalised approaches for glucose-lowering drugs based on individual characteristics of our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Nauck
- Diabetes Division, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jakob Wefers
- Diabetes Division, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Juris J Meier
- Diabetes Division, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Zhang Y, Rahematpura S, Ragnini KH, Moreno A, Stecyk KS, Kahng MW, Milliken BT, Hayes MR, Doyle RP, Schmidt HD. A novel dual agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors and neuropeptide Y2 receptors attenuates fentanyl taking and seeking in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2021; 192:108599. [PMID: 33965397 PMCID: PMC8217212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There has been a dramatic increase in illicit fentanyl use in the United States over the last decade. In 2018, more than 31,000 overdose deaths involved fentanyl or fentanyl analogs, highlighting an urgent need to identify effective treatments for fentanyl use disorder. An emerging literature shows that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists attenuate the reinforcing efficacy of drugs of abuse. However, the effects of GLP-1R agonists on fentanyl-mediated behaviors are unknown. The first goal of this study was to determine if the GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 reduced fentanyl self-administration and the reinstatement of fentanyl-seeking behavior, an animal model of relapse, in rats. We found that systemic exendin-4 attenuated fentanyl taking and seeking at doses that also produced malaise-like effects in rats. To overcome these adverse effects and enhance the clinical potential of GLP-1R agonists, we recently developed a novel dual agonist of GLP-1Rs and neuropeptide Y2 receptors (Y2Rs), GEP44, that does not produce nausea-like behavior in drug-naïve rats or emesis in drug-naïve shrews. The second goal of this study was to determine if GEP44 reduced fentanyl self-administration and reinstatement with fewer adverse effects compared to exendin-4 alone. In contrast to exendin-4, GEP44 attenuated opioid taking and seeking at a dose that did not suppress food intake or produce adverse malaise-like effects in fentanyl-experienced rats. Taken together, these findings indicate a novel role for GLP-1Rs and Y2Rs in fentanyl reinforcement and highlight a potential new therapeutic approach to treating opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Zhang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Suditi Rahematpura
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kael H Ragnini
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amanda Moreno
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kamryn S Stecyk
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michelle W Kahng
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, NY, 13244, USA; Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medicinal University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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23
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Perens J, Salinas CG, Skytte JL, Roostalu U, Dahl AB, Dyrby TB, Wichern F, Barkholt P, Vrang N, Jelsing J, Hecksher-Sørensen J. An Optimized Mouse Brain Atlas for Automated Mapping and Quantification of Neuronal Activity Using iDISCO+ and Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy. Neuroinformatics 2021. [PMID: 33063286 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-020-09490-8/figures/5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the combination of whole-brain immunolabelling, light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and subsequent registration of data with a common reference atlas, has enabled 3D visualization and quantification of fluorescent markers or tracers in the adult mouse brain. Today, the common coordinate framework version 3 developed by the Allen's Institute of Brain Science (AIBS CCFv3), is widely used as the standard brain atlas for registration of LSFM data. However, the AIBS CCFv3 is based on histological processing and imaging modalities different from those used for LSFM imaging and consequently, the data differ in both tissue contrast and morphology. To improve the accuracy and speed by which LSFM-imaged whole-brain data can be registered and quantified, we have created an optimized digital mouse brain atlas based on immunolabelled and solvent-cleared brains. Compared to the AIBS CCFv3 atlas, our atlas resulted in faster and more accurate mapping of neuronal activity as measured by c-Fos expression, especially in the hindbrain. We further demonstrated utility of the LSFM atlas by comparing whole-brain quantitative changes in c-Fos expression following acute administration of semaglutide in lean and diet-induced obese mice. In combination with an improved algorithm for c-Fos detection, the LSFM atlas enables unbiased and computationally efficient characterization of drug effects on whole-brain neuronal activity patterns. In conclusion, we established an optimized reference atlas for more precise mapping of fluorescent markers, including c-Fos, in mouse brains processed for LSFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Perens
- Gubra ApS, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Anders Bjorholm Dahl
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim B Dyrby
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
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24
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Investigation of Newly Diagnosed Drug-Naive Patients with Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Revealed the Cleaved Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosine (PYY 3-36) as a Specific Plasma Biomarker of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5523582. [PMID: 34239365 PMCID: PMC8240466 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5523582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a current imperative to reveal more precisely the molecular pathways of early onset of systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs). The investigation of newly diagnosed drug-naive SAD patients might contribute to identify novel disease-specific and prognostic markers. The multiplex analysis of 30 plasma proteins in 60 newly diagnosed drug-naive SADs, such as RA (rheumatoid arthritis, n = 31), SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus, n = 19), and SSc (systemic scleroderma, n = 10) patients, versus healthy controls (HCs, n = 40) was addressed. Thirty plasma cytokines were quantified using the Procarta Plex™ panel. The higher expression of IL-12p40, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, M-CSF, IL-4, NTproBNP, IL-17A, BMP-9, PYY (3-36), GITRL, MMP-12, and TNFRSF6 was associated with RA; IL-12p40, M-CSF, IL-4, GITRL, and NTproBNP were higher in SLE; or NTproBNP, PYY (3-36), and MMP-12 were increased in SSc over HCs, respectively. The cleaved peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY 3-36) was elevated in RA (361.6 ± 47.7 pg/ml) vs. HCs (163.96 ± 14.5 pg/ml, mean ± SEM, ∗∗∗p = 4 × 10−5). The CI (95%) was 268.05-455.16 pg/ml for RA vs. 135.55-192.37 pg/ml for HCs. The elevated PYY (3-36) level correlated significantly with the increased IL-4 or GITRL concentration but not with the clinical scores (DAS28, CRP, ESR, RF, aMCV). We are the first to report cleaved PYY (3-36) as a specific plasma marker of therapy-naive RA. Additionally, the multiplex plasma protein analysis supported a disease-specific cytokine pattern in RA, SLE, and SSc, respectively.
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25
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Skovbjerg G, Roostalu U, Hansen HH, Lutz TA, Le Foll C, Salinas CG, Skytte JL, Jelsing J, Vrang N, Hecksher-Sørensen J. Whole-brain mapping of amylin-induced neuronal activity in receptor activity-modifying protein 1/3 knockout mice. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4154-4166. [PMID: 33905587 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic hormone amylin plays a central role in regulating energy homeostasis and glycaemic control by stimulating satiation and reducing food reward, making amylin receptor agonists attractive for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Amylin receptors consist of heterodimerized complexes of the calcitonin receptor and receptor-activity modifying proteins subtype 1-3 (RAMP1-3). Neuronal activation in response to amylin dosing has been well characterized, but only in selected regions expressing high levels of RAMPs. The current study identifies global brain-wide changes in response to amylin and by comparing wild type and RAMP1/3 knockout mice reveals the importance of RAMP1/3 in mediating this response. Amylin dosing resulted in neuronal activation as measured by an increase in c-Fos labelled cells in 20 brain regions, altogether making up the circuitry of neuronal appetite regulation (e.g., area postrema (AP), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), parabrachial nucleus (PB), and central amygdala (CEA)). c-Fos response was also detected in distinct nuclei across the brain that typically have not been linked with amylin signalling. In RAMP1/3 knockout amylin induced low-level neuronal activation in seven regions, including the AP, NTS and PB, indicating the existence of RAMP1/3-independent mechanisms of amylin response. Under basal conditions RAMP1/3 knockout mice show reduced neuronal activity in the hippocampal formation as well as reduced hippocampal volume, suggesting a role for RAMP1/3 in hippocampal physiology and maintenance. Altogether these data provide a global map of amylin response in the mouse brain and establishes the significance of RAMP1/3 receptors in relaying this response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Hansen HH, Grønlund RV, Baader-Pagler T, Haebel P, Tammen H, Larsen LK, Jelsing J, Vrang N, Klein T. Characterization of combined linagliptin and Y2R agonist treatment in diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8060. [PMID: 33850212 PMCID: PMC8044192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors improve glycemic control by prolonging the action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). In contrast to GLP-1 analogues, DPP-IV inhibitors are weight-neutral. DPP-IV cleavage of PYY and NPY gives rise to PYY3-36 and NPY3-36 which exert potent anorectic action by stimulating Y2 receptor (Y2R) function. This invites the possibility that DPP-IV inhibitors could be weight-neutral by preventing conversion of PYY/NPY to Y2R-selective peptide agonists. We therefore investigated whether co-administration of an Y2R-selective agonist could unmask potential weight lowering effects of the DDP-IV inhibitor linagliptin. Male diet-induced obese (DIO) mice received once daily subcutaneous treatment with linagliptin (3 mg/kg), a Y2R-selective PYY3-36 analogue (3 or 30 nmol/kg) or combination therapy for 14 days. While linagliptin promoted marginal weight loss without influencing food intake, the PYY3-36 analogue induced significant weight loss and transient suppression of food intake. Both compounds significantly improved oral glucose tolerance. Because combination treatment did not further improve weight loss and glucose tolerance in DIO mice, this suggests that potential negative modulatory effects of DPP-IV inhibitors on endogenous Y2R peptide agonist activity is likely insufficient to influence weight homeostasis. Weight-neutrality of DPP-IV inhibitors may therefore not be explained by counter-regulatory effects on PYY/NPY responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamara Baader-Pagler
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach, Germany
| | - Peter Haebel
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach, Germany
| | | | | | - Jacob Jelsing
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Niels Vrang
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Thomas Klein
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach, Germany
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27
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Østergaard S, Paulsson JF, Kjærgaard Gerstenberg M, Wulff BS. The Design of a GLP‐1/PYY Dual Acting Agonist. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8268-8275. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Østergaard
- Global Research Technologies Novo Nordisk Research Park 2760 Maaloev Denmark
| | - Johan F. Paulsson
- Global Drug Discovery Novo Nordisk Research Park 2760 Maaloev Denmark
| | | | - Birgitte S. Wulff
- Global Drug Discovery Novo Nordisk Research Park 2760 Maaloev Denmark
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28
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Østergaard S, Paulsson JF, Kjærgaard Gerstenberg M, Wulff BS. The Design of a GLP‐1/PYY Dual Acting Agonist. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Østergaard
- Global Research Technologies Novo Nordisk Research Park 2760 Maaloev Denmark
| | - Johan F. Paulsson
- Global Drug Discovery Novo Nordisk Research Park 2760 Maaloev Denmark
| | | | - Birgitte S. Wulff
- Global Drug Discovery Novo Nordisk Research Park 2760 Maaloev Denmark
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29
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Klockars A, Levine AS, Head MA, Perez-Leighton CE, Kotz CM, Olszewski PK. Impact of Gut and Metabolic Hormones on Feeding Reward. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1425-1447. [PMID: 33577129 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of food activates a cascade of endocrine responses (thereby reflecting a contemporaneous feeding status) that include the release of hormones from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagonlike peptide YY (PYY), peptide PP, and oleoylethanolamide, as well as suppression of ghrelin secretion. The pancreas and adipose tissue, on the other hand, release hormones that serve as a measure of the current metabolic state or the long-term energy stores, that is, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin. It is well known and intuitively understandable that these hormones target either directly (by crossing the blood-brain barrier) or indirectly (e.g., via vagal input) the "homeostatic" brainstem-hypothalamic pathways involved in the regulation of appetite. The current article focuses on yet another target of the metabolic and GI hormones that is critical in inducing changes in food intake, namely, the reward system. We discuss the physiological basis of this functional interaction, its importance in the control of appetite, and the impact that disruption of this crosstalk has on energy intake in select physiological and pathophysiological states. We conclude that metabolic and GI hormones have a capacity to strengthen or weaken a response of the reward system to a given food, and thus, they are fundamental in ensuring that feeding reward is plastic and dependent on the energy status of the organism. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1425-1447, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Klockars
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Allen S Levine
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mitchell A Head
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Catherine M Kotz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Pawel K Olszewski
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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30
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Milliken BT, Elfers C, Chepurny OG, Chichura KS, Sweet IR, Borner T, Hayes MR, De Jonghe BC, Holz GG, Roth CL, Doyle RP. Design and Evaluation of Peptide Dual-Agonists of GLP-1 and NPY2 Receptors for Glucoregulation and Weight Loss with Mitigated Nausea and Emesis. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1127-1138. [PMID: 33449689 PMCID: PMC7956155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
There is a critical unmet need for
therapeutics to treat the epidemic
of comorbidities associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, ideally
devoid of nausea/emesis. This study developed monomeric peptide agonists
of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and neuropeptide Y2 receptor
(Y2-R) based on exendin-4 (Ex-4) and PYY3–36. A
novel peptide, GEP44, was obtained via in vitro receptor
screens, insulin secretion in islets, stability assays, and in vivo rat and shrew studies of glucoregulation, weight
loss, nausea, and emesis. GEP44 in lean and diet-induced obese rats
produced greater reduction in body weight compared to Ex-4 without
triggering nausea associated behavior. Studies in the shrew demonstrated
a near absence of emesis for GEP44 in contrast to Ex-4. Collectively,
these data demonstrate that targeting GLP-1R and Y2-R with chimeric
single peptides offers a route to new glucoregulatory treatments that
are well-tolerated and have improved weight loss when compared directly
to Ex-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Milliken
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Clinton Elfers
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Oleg G Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Kylie S Chichura
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ian R Sweet
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Tito Borner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bart C De Jonghe
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Christian L Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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31
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Lear S, Pflimlin E, Zhou Z, Huang D, Weng S, Nguyen-Tran V, Joseph SB, Roller S, Peterson S, Li J, Tremblay M, Schultz PG, Shen W. Engineering of a Potent, Long-Acting NPY2R Agonist for Combination with a GLP-1R Agonist as a Multi-Hormonal Treatment for Obesity. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9660-9671. [PMID: 32844654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery results in increased intestinal secretion of hormones GLP-1 and anorexigenic PYY, which is believed to contribute to the clinical efficacy associated with the procedure. This observation raises the question whether combination treatment with gut hormone analogs might recapitulate the efficacy and mitigate the significant risks associated with surgery. Despite PYY demonstrating excellent efficacy and safety profiles with regard to food intake reduction, weight loss, and glucose control in preclinical animal models, PYY-based therapeutic development remains challenging given a low serum stability and half-life for the native peptide. Here, combined peptide stapling and PEG-fatty acid conjugation affords potent PYY analogs with >14 h rat half-lives, which are expected to translate into a human half-life suitable for once-weekly dosing. Excellent efficacy in glucose control, food intake reduction, and weight loss for lead candidate 22 in combination with our previously reported long-acting GLP-1 analog is demonstrated in a diet-induced obesity mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Lear
- The Scripps Research Institute, d/b/a Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Elsa Pflimlin
- The Scripps Research Institute, d/b/a Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- The Scripps Research Institute, d/b/a Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - David Huang
- The Scripps Research Institute, d/b/a Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sharon Weng
- Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Research Triangle Park, 6 Davis Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Van Nguyen-Tran
- The Scripps Research Institute, d/b/a Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sean B Joseph
- The Scripps Research Institute, d/b/a Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shane Roller
- The Scripps Research Institute, d/b/a Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Scott Peterson
- Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Research Triangle Park, 6 Davis Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Jing Li
- The Scripps Research Institute, d/b/a Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Matthew Tremblay
- The Scripps Research Institute, d/b/a Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Peter G Schultz
- The Scripps Research Institute, d/b/a Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Weijun Shen
- The Scripps Research Institute, d/b/a Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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32
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Gimeno RE, Briere DA, Seeley RJ. Leveraging the Gut to Treat Metabolic Disease. Cell Metab 2020; 31:679-698. [PMID: 32187525 PMCID: PMC7184629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
25 years ago, the future of treating obesity and diabetes focused on end organs known to be involved in energy balance and glucose regulation, including the brain, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas. Today, the most effective therapies are focused around the gut. This includes surgical options, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, that can produce sustained weight loss and diabetes remission but also extends to pharmacological treatments that simulate or amplify various signals that come from the gut. The purpose of this Review is to discuss the wealth of approaches currently under development that seek to further leverage the gut as a source of novel therapeutic opportunities with the hope that we can achieve the effects of surgical interventions with less invasive and more scalable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Gimeno
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Daniel A Briere
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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33
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Roostalu U, Salinas CBG, Thorbek DD, Skytte JL, Fabricius K, Barkholt P, John LM, Jurtz VI, Knudsen LB, Jelsing J, Vrang N, Hansen HH, Hecksher-Sørensen J. Quantitative whole-brain 3D imaging of tyrosine hydroxylase-labeled neuron architecture in the mouse MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.042200. [PMID: 31704726 PMCID: PMC6899010 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.042200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a basal ganglia movement disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Immunohistochemical methods have been widely used for characterization of dopaminergic neuronal injury in animal models of PD, including the MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) mouse model. However, conventional immunohistochemical techniques applied to tissue sections have inherent limitations with respect to loss of 3D resolution, yielding insufficient information on the architecture of the dopaminergic system. To provide a more comprehensive and non-biased map of MPTP-induced changes in central dopaminergic pathways, we used iDISCO immunolabeling, light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and deep-learning computational methods for whole-brain three-dimensional visualization and automated quantitation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the adult mouse brain. Mice terminated 7 days after acute MPTP administration demonstrated widespread alterations in TH expression. Compared to vehicle controls, MPTP-dosed mice showed a significant loss of TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area. Also, MPTP dosing reduced overall TH signal intensity in basal ganglia nuclei, i.e. the substantia nigra, caudate-putamen, globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. In contrast, increased TH signal intensity was predominantly observed in limbic regions, including several subdivisions of the amygdala and hypothalamus. In conclusion, mouse whole-brain 3D imaging is ideal for unbiased automated counting and densitometric analysis of TH-positive cells. The LSFM–deep learning pipeline tracked brain-wide changes in catecholaminergic pathways in the MPTP mouse model of PD, and may be applied for preclinical characterization of compounds targeting dopaminergic neurotransmission. Summary: Whole-brain immunolabeling, mapping and absolute quantification of tyrosine hydroxylase neurons in the adult mouse brain provides a useful tool for studying changes in dopaminergic signaling in a mouse model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linu M John
- Department of Obesity Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Lotte Bjerre Knudsen
- Department of Diabetes Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Vrang
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970 Hørholm, Denmark
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34
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Ma Q, Li Y, Li P, Wang M, Wang J, Tang Z, Wang T, Luo L, Wang C, Wang T, Zhao B. Research progress in the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and intestinal flora. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109138. [PMID: 31247468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common clinical chronic disease, while its pathogenesis is still inconclusive. Intestinal flora, the largest micro-ecological system in the human body, is involved in, meanwhile has a major impact on the body's material and energy metabolism. Recent studies have shown that in addition to obesity, genetics, and islet dysfunction, the disturbance of intestinal flora may partly give rise to diabetes. In this paper, we summarized the current research on the correlation between T2DM and intestinal flora, and concluded the pathological mechanisms of intestinal flora involved in T2DM. Moreover, the ideas and methods of prevention and treatment of T2DM based on intestinal flora were proposed, providing theoretical basis and literature reference for the treatment of T2DM and its complications based on the regulation of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quantao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No.8 Hong-Da Middle Road, Da-Xing District, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Linglong Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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35
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Chepurny OG, Matsoukas MT, Liapakis G, Leech CA, Milliken BT, Doyle RP, Holz GG. Nonconventional glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonist and antagonist interplay at the GLP-1 receptor revealed in high-throughput FRET assays for cAMP. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3514-3531. [PMID: 30622136 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for glucagon (GluR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1R) are normally considered to be highly selective for glucagon and GLP-1, respectively. However, glucagon secreted from pancreatic α-cells may accumulate at high concentrations to exert promiscuous effects at the β-cell GLP-1R, as may occur in the volume-restricted microenvironment of the islets of Langerhans. Furthermore, systemic administration of GluR or GLP-1R agonists and antagonists at high doses may lead to off-target effects at other receptors. Here, we used molecular modeling to evaluate data derived from FRET assays that detect cAMP as a read-out for GluR and GLP-1R activation. This analysis established that glucagon is a nonconventional GLP-1R agonist, an effect inhibited by the GLP-1R orthosteric antagonist exendin(9-39) (Ex(9-39)). The GluR allosteric inhibitors LY2409021 and MK 0893 antagonized glucagon and GLP-1 action at the GLP-1R, whereas des-His1-[Glu9]glucagon antagonized glucagon action at the GluR, while having minimal inhibitory action versus glucagon or GLP-1 at the GLP-1R. When testing Ex(9-39) in combination with des-His1-[Glu9]glucagon in INS-1 832/13 cells, we validated a dual agonist action of glucagon at the GluR and GLP-1R. Hybrid peptide GGP817 containing glucagon fused to a fragment of peptide YY (PYY) acted as a triagonist at the GluR, GLP-1R, and neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R). Collectively, these findings provide a new triagonist strategy with which to target the GluR, GLP-1R, and NPY2R. They also provide an impetus to reevaluate prior studies in which GluR and GLP-1R agonists and antagonists were assumed not to exert promiscuous actions at other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Liapakis
- the Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, and
| | | | - Brandon T Milliken
- the Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244
| | - Robert P Doyle
- From the Departments of Medicine, .,the Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244
| | - George G Holz
- From the Departments of Medicine, .,Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210
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