1
|
Solmi M, Miola A, Capone F, Pallottino S, Højlund M, Firth J, Siskind D, Holt RIG, Corbeil O, Cortese S, Dragioti E, Du Rietz E, Nielsen RE, Nordentoft M, Fusar-Poli P, Hartman CA, Høye A, Koyanagi A, Larsson H, Lehto K, Lindgren P, Manchia M, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Stubbs B, Vancampfort D, Vieta E, Taipale H, Correll CU. Risk factors, prevention and treatment of weight gain associated with the use of antidepressants and antipsychotics: a state-of-the-art clinical review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:1249-1269. [PMID: 39225182 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2396396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with severe mental illness have poor cardiometabolic health. Commonly used antidepressants and antipsychotics frequently lead to weight gain, which may further contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. AREAS COVERED We searched MEDLINE up to April 2023 for umbrella reviews, (network-)meta-analyses, trials and cohort studies on risk factors, prevention and treatment strategies of weight gain associated with antidepressants/antipsychotics. We developed 10 clinical recommendations. EXPERT OPINION To prevent, manage, and treat antidepressant/antipsychotic-related weight gain, we recommend i) assessing risk factors for obesity before treatment, ii) monitoring metabolic health at baseline and regularly during follow-up, iii) offering lifestyle interventions including regular exercise and healthy diet based on patient preference to optimize motivation, iv) considering first-line psychotherapy for mild-moderate depression and anxiety disorders, v)choosing medications based on medications' and patient's weight gain risk, vi) choosing medications based on acute vs long-term treatment, vii) using effective, tolerated medications, viii) switching to less weight-inducing antipsychotics/antidepressants where possible, ix) using early weight gain as a predictor of further weight gain to inform the timing of intervention/switch options, and x) considering adding metformin or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, or topiramate(second-line due to potential adverse cognitive effects) to antipsychotics, or aripiprazole to clozapine or olanzapine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Federico Capone
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Unit of Internal Medicine III, Padua University Hospital, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mikkel Højlund
- Department of Psychiatry Aabenraa, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Physical and Mental Health Research Stream, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, School of Clinical Medicine, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Richard I G Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Olivier Corbeil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, Quebec Mental Health University Institute, Québec, Canada
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Developmental EPI (Evidence synthesis, Prediction, Implementation) lab, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA
- DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ebba Du Rietz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - René Ernst Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Outreach and Support in South-London (OASIS) service, South London and Maudlsey (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Høye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kelli Lehto
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peter Lindgren
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Heidi Taipale
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gahr M. [Metabolic adverse drug reactions related to psychotropic drugs]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2024. [PMID: 39313203 DOI: 10.1055/a-2405-5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic adverse drug reactions (mADR) related to psychotropic drugs have significant health-related effects including weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia as well as economic relevance. Nearly all antipsychotics (AP) and many antidepressants (AD) and mood stabilisers may induce weight gain. Weight development in the first weeks or months after the beginning of the therapy is the strongest predictor for weight gain related to AP and AD. The most important risk factors for mADR are antagonistic effects at H1-, 5-HT2C- und M3-receptors and antidopaminergic effects. However, several other systems are also relevant. Systematic monitoring of metabolic parameters is recommended in all patients treated with substances that are associated with an increased risk of mADR. Lifestyle modification, dietary measures, exercise therapy, dose reduction, change and discontinuation of the substance, and additional treatment with metformin and topiramate are evidence-based treatment options for AP-associated weight gain. GLP-1 receptor agonists such as liraglutide are also promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Gahr
- Krankenhaus für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin, Schloss Werneck, Werneck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jawharji MT, Alshammari GM, Binobead MA, Albanyan NM, Al-Harbi LN, Yahya MA. Comparative Efficacy of Low-Carbohydrate and Ketogenic Diets on Diabetic Retinopathy and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:3074. [PMID: 39339674 PMCID: PMC11435414 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD) on diabetic retinopathy in high-fat diet-induced diabetes mellitus in rats and studied the mechanisms of action. Rats were divided into four groups: the Control group, which was fed a normal diet for 16 weeks; the HFD group, which was fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for the first 8 weeks and then switched to a normal diet for 8 weeks; the HFD+LCD group, fed a HFD for 8 weeks followed by an LCD for 8 weeks, and the HFD+LCKD group, which was fed a HFD for 8 weeks followed by an LCKD for 8 more weeks. Both the LCD and the LCKD effectively reduced the final body and total fat weights and decreased fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1 (HbA1C), triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL-c. They also reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial factor, caspapse-3, and bax. In the HFD rats, we found increased serum levels of β-Hydroxybutyrate and upregulated expression of Bcl2, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and hemeoxygenase-1. Moreover, the LCD and LCKD significantly reduced mRNA levels of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and enhanced mRNA and nuclear concentrations of nuclear factor erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2). All these effects were associated with improved layers of the retina in the HFD - LCD and HFD + LCKD rats but not in HFD animals. The impact of the LCKD was always more profound on all measured parameters and on improving the structure of the retina compared to the LCD. In conclusion, the LCKD is superior to the LCD in preventing diabetic retinopathy in HFD-fed rats. Mechanistically, our results suggest that the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic conditions and the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects may be involved in the preventative effects of the LCD and LCKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monya T. Jawharji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.J.); (M.A.B.); (L.N.A.-H.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.J.); (M.A.B.); (L.N.A.-H.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Manal Abdulaziz Binobead
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.J.); (M.A.B.); (L.N.A.-H.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Nouf Mohammed Albanyan
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.J.); (M.A.B.); (L.N.A.-H.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.J.); (M.A.B.); (L.N.A.-H.); (M.A.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai H, Schnapp WI, Mann S, Miscevic M, Shcmit MB, Conteras M, Fang C. Neural circuits regulation of satiation. Appetite 2024; 200:107512. [PMID: 38801994 PMCID: PMC11227400 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Terminating a meal after achieving satiation is a critical step in maintaining a healthy energy balance. Despite the extensive collection of information over the last few decades regarding the neural mechanisms controlling overall eating, the mechanism underlying different temporal phases of eating behaviors, especially satiation, remains incompletely understood and is typically embedded in studies that measure the total amount of food intake. In this review, we summarize the neural circuits that detect and integrate satiation signals to suppress appetite, from interoceptive sensory inputs to the final motor outputs. Due to the well-established role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in regulating the satiation, we focus on the neural circuits that are involved in regulating the satiation effect caused by CCK. We also discuss several general principles of how these neural circuits control satiation, as well as the limitations of our current understanding of the circuits function. With the application of new techniques involving sophisticated cell-type-specific manipulation and mapping, as well as real-time recordings, it is now possible to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms specifically underlying satiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Bio 5 Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Wesley I Schnapp
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Shivani Mann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Masa Miscevic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Matthew B Shcmit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Marco Conteras
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Caohui Fang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu M, Jun S, Nie X, Chen J, Hao Y, Yu H, Zhang X, Sun L, Liu Y, Yuan X, Yuan F, Wang S. Mapping of afferent and efferent connections of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-expressing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14808. [PMID: 38887205 PMCID: PMC11183208 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)-expressing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) contribute to the regulation of autonomic functions. However, the neural circuits linking these neurons to other brain regions remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the connectivity mechanisms of the PNMT-expressing neurons in the NTS (NTSPNMT neurons). METHODS The methodologies employed in this study included a modified rabies virus-based retrograde neural tracing technique, conventional viral anterograde tracing, and immunohistochemical staining procedures. RESULTS A total of 43 upstream nuclei projecting to NTSPNMT neurons were identified, spanning several key brain regions including the medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, diencephalon, and telencephalon. Notably, dense projections to the NTSPNMT neurons were observed from the central amygdaloid nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, area postrema, and the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. In contrast, the ventrolateral medulla, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and lateral hypothalamic area were identified as the primary destinations for axon terminals originating from NTSPNMT neurons. Additionally, reciprocal projections were evident among 21 nuclei, primarily situated within the medulla oblongata. CONCLUSION Our research findings demonstrate that NTSPNMT neurons form extensive connections with numerous nuclei, emphasizing their essential role in the homeostatic regulation of vital autonomic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchu Zhu
- Department of NeurobiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Shirui Jun
- Department of NeurobiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- Department of NeurobiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Jinting Chen
- Department of NeurobiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Yinchao Hao
- Department of NeurobiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Hongxiao Yu
- Department of NeurobiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of NeurobiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of NeurobiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Yuelin Liu
- Department of NeurobiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Xiangshan Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of NeurologyJinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of NeurobiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of NeurophysiologyShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of NeurobiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of NeurophysiologyShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chiavaroli A, Di Simone SC, Acquaviva A, Nilofar N, Libero ML, Brunetti L, Recinella L, Leone S, Orlando G, Zengin G, Di Vito M, Menghini L, Ferrante C. Neuromodulatory Effects Induced by the Association of Moringa oleifera Lam., Tribulus terrestris L., Rhodiola rosea Lam., and Undaria pinnatidifida Extracts in the Hypothalamus. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202302075. [PMID: 38527165 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202302075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of a commercial formulation constituted by herbal extracts from Rhodiola rosea, Undaria pinnatifida, Tribulus terrestris, and Moringa oleifera. The formulation was analysed for determining the content in total phenols and flavonoids and scavenging/reducing properties. The formulation was also tested on isolated mouse hypothalamus in order to investigate effects on serotonin, dopamine, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and orexin A. The gene expression of gonadrotopin releasing hormone (GnRH) was also assayed. The formulation was able to reduce dopamine and serotonin turnover, and this could be related, albeit partially, to the capability of different phytochemicals, among which hyperoside and catechin to inhibit monoaminooxidases activity. In parallel, the formulation was effective in reducing the gene expression of NPY and orexin-A and to improve the gene expression of GnRH. In this context, the increased GnRH gene expression induced by the formulation may contribute not only to improve the resistance towards the stress related to ageing, but also to prevent the reduction of libido that could be related with a stimulation of the serotoninergic pathway. According to the in silico analysis, hyperoside could play a pivotal role in modulating the gene expression of GnRH. Regarding NPY and orexin A gene expression, no direct interactions between the formulation phytochemicals and these neuropeptides were anticipated; thus, suggesting that the pattern of gene expression observed following exposure of the hypothalamus to the formulation may be secondary to inhibitory effects of dopamine and serotonin turnover. Concluding, the present study demonstrated the efficacy of the formulation in exerting neuromodulatory effects at the hypothalamic level; thus, suggesting the potential to contrast stress and fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simonetta Cristina Di Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Acquaviva
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nilofar Nilofar
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Loreta Libero
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Maura Di Vito
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A., Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Diao S, Chen C, Benani A, Magnan C, Van Steenwinckel J, Gressens P, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Jacquens A, Bokobza C. Preterm birth: A neuroinflammatory origin for metabolic diseases? Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 37:100745. [PMID: 38511150 PMCID: PMC10950814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth and its related complications have become more and more common as neonatal medicine advances. The concept of "developmental origins of health and disease" has raised awareness of adverse perinatal events in the development of diseases later in life. To explore this concept, we propose that encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) as a potential pro-inflammatory early life event becomes a novel risk factor for metabolic diseases in children/adolescents and adulthood. Here, we review epidemiological evidence that links preterm birth to metabolic diseases and discuss possible synergic roles of preterm birth and neuroinflammation from EoP in the development of metabolic diseases. In addition, we explore theoretical underlying mechanisms regarding developmental programming of the energy control system and HPA axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Diao
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China
| | - Alexandre Benani
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 6265 CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Gressens
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
| | | | - Alice Jacquens
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, APHP-Sorbonne University, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cindy Bokobza
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Strnadová V, Pačesová A, Charvát V, Šmotková Z, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Anorexigenic neuropeptides as anti-obesity and neuroprotective agents: exploring the neuroprotective effects of anorexigenic neuropeptides. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231385. [PMID: 38577975 PMCID: PMC11043025 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 1975, the incidence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions, and the number of patients with obesity has quadrupled. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing other serious diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Recent epidemiologic studies have defined obesity as a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of dementia. Despite all these serious comorbidities associated with obesity, there is still a lack of effective antiobesity treatment. Promising candidates for the treatment of obesity are anorexigenic neuropeptides, which are peptides produced by neurons in brain areas implicated in food intake regulation, such as the hypothalamus or the brainstem. These peptides efficiently reduce food intake and body weight. Moreover, because of the proven interconnection between obesity and the risk of developing AD, the potential neuroprotective effects of these two agents in animal models of neurodegeneration have been examined. The objective of this review was to explore anorexigenic neuropeptides produced and acting within the brain, emphasizing their potential not only for the treatment of obesity but also for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Strnadová
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Pačesová
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Charvát
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šmotková
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yamashita Y. Physiological functions of poorly absorbed polyphenols via the glucagon-like peptide-1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:493-498. [PMID: 38378922 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols are compounds of plant origin with several documented bioactivities related to health promotion. Some polyphenols are hard to be absorbed into the body due to their structural characteristics. This review focuses on the health beneficial effects of polyphenols mediated by intestinal hormones, particularly related to the systemic functions through the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an enteric hormone that stimulates postprandial insulin secretion. GLP-1 is secreted from L cells in the distal small intestine. Therefore, some poorly absorbed polyphenols are known to have the ability to act on the intestines and promote GLP-1 secretion. It has been reported that it not only reduces hyperglycemia but also prevents obesity by reduction of overeating and improves blood vessel function. This review discusses examples of health effects of polyphenols mediated by GLP-1 secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jászberényi M, Thurzó B, Bagosi Z, Vécsei L, Tanaka M. The Orexin/Hypocretin System, the Peptidergic Regulator of Vigilance, Orchestrates Adaptation to Stress. Biomedicines 2024; 12:448. [PMID: 38398050 PMCID: PMC10886661 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The orexin/hypocretin neuropeptide family has emerged as a focal point of neuroscientific research following the discovery that this family plays a crucial role in a variety of physiological and behavioral processes. These neuropeptides serve as powerful neuromodulators, intricately shaping autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses across species. Notably, they serve as master regulators of vigilance and stress responses; however, their roles in food intake, metabolism, and thermoregulation appear complementary and warrant further investigation. This narrative review provides a journey through the evolution of our understanding of the orexin system, from its initial discovery to the promising progress made in developing orexin derivatives. It goes beyond conventional boundaries, striving to synthesize the multifaceted activities of orexins. Special emphasis is placed on domains such as stress response, fear, anxiety, and learning, in which the authors have contributed to the literature with original publications. This paper also overviews the advancement of orexin pharmacology, which has already yielded some promising successes, particularly in the treatment of sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Jászberényi
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (M.J.); (B.T.); (Z.B.)
| | - Balázs Thurzó
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (M.J.); (B.T.); (Z.B.)
- Emergency Patient Care Unit, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bagosi
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (M.J.); (B.T.); (Z.B.)
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kaiya H. Update on Feeding Regulation by Ghrelin in Birds: Focused on Brain Network. Zoolog Sci 2024; 41:39-49. [PMID: 38587516 DOI: 10.2108/zs230071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Ghrelin is known to be a feeding stimulatory hormone in mammals, but in birds, in contrast to mammals, the feeding behavior is regulated in inhibitory manners. This is because the neuropeptides associated with the regulation in the brain are different from those in mammals, i.e., it has been shown that, in chickens, a corticotropin-releasing hormone family peptide, urocortin, which is a feeding-inhibitory peptide, is mainly involved in the inhibitory mechanism. However, feeding is also regulated by various neurotransmitters in the brain, and recently, their interaction with the mechanisms underlying feeding inhibition by ghrelin in birds has been intensively studied and clarified. This review summarizes these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc., Utano, Uda, Nara 633-2221, Japan,
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tucker JAL, Bornath DPD, McCarthy SF, Hazell TJ. Leptin and energy balance: exploring Leptin's role in the regulation of energy intake and energy expenditure. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:87-95. [PMID: 36583502 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2161135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a tonic appetite-regulating hormone, which is integral for the long-term regulation of energy balance. The current evidence suggests that the typical orexigenic or anorexigenic response of many of these appetite-regulating hormones, most notably ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK), require leptin to function whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is required for leptin to function, and these responses are altered when leptin injection or gene therapy is administered in combination with these same hormones or respective agonists. The appetite-regulatory pathway is complex, thus peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), orexin-A (OXA), and amylin also maintain ties to leptin, however these are less well understood. While reviews to date have focused on the existing relationships between leptin and the various neuropeptide modulators of appetite within the central nervous system (CNS) or it's role in thermogenesis, no review paper has synthesised the information regarding the interactions between appetite-regulating hormones and how leptin as a chronic regulator of energy balance can influence the acute appetite-regulatory response. Current evidence suggests that potential relationships exist between leptin and the circulating peripheral appetite hormones ghrelin, GLP-1, CCK, OXA and amylin to exhibit either synergistic or opposing effects on appetite inhibition. Though more research is warranted, leptin appears to be integral in both energy intake and energy expenditure. More specifically, functional leptin receptors appear to play an essential role in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A L Tucker
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Derek P D Bornath
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Seth F McCarthy
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kras K, Ropka-Molik K, Muszyński S, Arciszewski MB. Expression of Genes Encoding Selected Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Peptides and Their Receptors in the Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Calves and Adult Domestic Cattle ( Bos taurus taurus). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:533. [PMID: 38203717 PMCID: PMC10779135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of food intake occurs at multiple levels, and two of the components of this process are orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, which stimulate or inhibit appetite, respectively. The study of the function of these compounds in domestic cattle is essential for production efficiency, animal welfare, and health, as well as for economic benefits, environmental protection, and the contribution to a better understanding of physiological aspects that can be applied to other species. In this study, the real-time PCR method was utilized to determine the expression levels of GHRL, GHSR, SMIM20, GPR173, LEP, LEPR, and NUCB2 (which encode ghrelin, its receptor, phoenixin-14, its receptor, leptin, its receptor, and nesfatin-1, respectively) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Polish Holstein-Friesian breed cattle. In all analyzed GIT segments, mRNA for all the genes was present in both age groups, confirming their significance in these tissues. Gene expression levels varied distinctly across different GIT segments and between young and mature subjects. The differences between calves and adults were particularly pronounced in areas such as the forestomachs, ileum, and jejunum, indicating potential changes in peptides regulating food intake based on the developmental phase. In mature individuals, the forestomachs predominantly displayed an increase in GHRL expression, while the intestines had elevated levels of GHSR, GPR173, LEP, and NUCB2. In contrast, the forestomachs in calves showed upregulated expressions of LEP, LEPR, and NUCB2, highlighting the potential importance of peptides from these genes in bovine forestomach development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kras
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 St., 32-083 Balice, Poland;
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcin B. Arciszewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ferreira-Hermosillo A, de Miguel Ibañez R, Pérez-Dionisio EK, Villalobos-Mata KA. Obesity as a Neuroendocrine Disorder. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:102896. [PMID: 37945442 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. Based on hundreds of clinical and basic investigations, its etiopathogenesis goes beyond the simple imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The center of the regulation of appetite and satiety lies in the nuclei of the hypothalamus where peripheral signals derived from adipose tissue (e.g., leptin), the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and other brain structures, arrive. These signals are part of the homeostatic control system (eating to survive). Additionally, a hedonic or reward system (eating for pleasure) is integrated into the regulation of appetite. This reward system consists of a dopaminergic circuit that affects eating-related behaviors influencing food preferences, food desires, gratification when eating, and impulse control to avoid compulsions. These systems are not separate. Indeed, many of the hormones that participate in the homeostatic system also participate in the regulation of the hedonic system. In addition, factors such as genetic and epigenetic changes, certain environmental and sociocultural elements, the microbiota, and neuronal proinflammatory effects of high-energy diets also contribute to the development of obesity. Therefore, obesity can be considered a complex neuroendocrine disease, and all of the aforementioned components should be considered for the management of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Ferreira-Hermosillo
- Endocrine Research Unit, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Regina de Miguel Ibañez
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enid Karina Pérez-Dionisio
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Alexandra Villalobos-Mata
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee HG, Jung IH, Park BS, Yang HR, Kim KK, Tu TH, Yeh JY, Lee S, Yang S, Lee BJ, Kim JG, Nam-Goong IS. Altered Metabolic Phenotypes and Hypothalamic Neuronal Activity Triggered by Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:784-795. [PMID: 37915185 PMCID: PMC10695712 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are currently used to treat patients with diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors is accompanied by altered metabolic phenotypes. However, it has not been investigated whether the hypothalamic circuit participates in the development of the compensatory metabolic phenotypes triggered by the treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors. METHODS Mice were fed a standard diet or high-fat diet and treated with dapagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor. Food intake and energy expenditure were observed using indirect calorimetry system. The activity of hypothalamic neurons in response to dapagliflozin treatment was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with c-Fos antibody. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine gene expression patterns in the hypothalamus of dapagliflozin-treated mice. RESULTS Dapagliflozin-treated mice displayed enhanced food intake and reduced energy expenditure. Altered neuronal activities were observed in multiple hypothalamic nuclei in association with appetite regulation. Additionally, we found elevated immunosignals of agouti-related peptide neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. CONCLUSION This study suggests the functional involvement of the hypothalamus in the development of the compensatory metabolic phenotypes induced by SGLT-2 inhibitor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Gyun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Il Hyeon Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kwang Kon Kim
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Thai Hien Tu
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Yeh
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sewon Lee
- Division of Sport Science, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
- Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sunggu Yang
- Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
- Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Il Seong Nam-Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Paoli A, Bianco A, Moro T, Mota JF, Coelho-Ravagnani CF. The Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Insulin Sensitivity and Weight Loss, Which Came First: The Chicken or the Egg? Nutrients 2023; 15:3120. [PMID: 37513538 PMCID: PMC10385501 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is, nowadays, considered an interesting nutritional approach for weight loss and improvement in insulin resistance. Nevertheless, most of the studies available in the literature do not allow a clear distinction between its effects on insulin sensitivity per se, and the effects of weight loss induced by KDs on insulin sensitivity. In this review, we discuss the scientific evidence on the direct and weight loss mediated effects of KDs on glycemic status in humans, describing the KD's biochemical background and the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35127 Padua, Italy
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Joao Felipe Mota
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-080, Brazil
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Christianne F Coelho-Ravagnani
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Health (INISA), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gutiérrez-Casares JR, Quintero J, Segú-Vergés C, Rodríguez Monterde P, Pozo-Rubio T, Coma M, Montoto C. In silico clinical trial evaluating lisdexamfetamine's and methylphenidate's mechanism of action computational models in an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder virtual patients' population. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:939650. [PMID: 37333910 PMCID: PMC10273406 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.939650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an impairing psychiatric condition with the stimulants, lisdexamfetamine (LDX), and methylphenidate (MPH), as the first lines pharmacological treatment. Methods Herein, we applied a novel in silico method to evaluate virtual LDX (vLDX) and vMPH as treatments for ADHD applying quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models. The objectives were to evaluate the model's output, considering the model characteristics and the information used to build them, to compare both virtual drugs' efficacy mechanisms, and to assess how demographic (age, body mass index, and sex) and clinical characteristics may affect vLDX's and vMPH's relative efficacies. Results and Discussion We molecularly characterized the drugs and pathologies based on a bibliographic search, and generated virtual populations of adults and children-adolescents totaling 2,600 individuals. For each virtual patient and virtual drug, we created physiologically based pharmacokinetic and QSP models applying the systems biology-based Therapeutic Performance Mapping System technology. The resulting models' predicted protein activity indicated that both virtual drugs modulated ADHD through similar mechanisms, albeit with some differences. vMPH induced several general synaptic, neurotransmitter, and nerve impulse-related processes, whereas vLDX seemed to modulate neural processes more specific to ADHD, such as GABAergic inhibitory synapses and regulation of the reward system. While both drugs' models were linked to an effect over neuroinflammation and altered neural viability, vLDX had a significant impact on neurotransmitter imbalance and vMPH on circadian system deregulation. Among demographic characteristics, age and body mass index affected the efficacy of both virtual treatments, although the effect was more marked for vLDX. Regarding comorbidities, only depression negatively impacted both virtual drugs' efficacy mechanisms and, while that of vLDX were more affected by the co-treatment of tic disorders, the efficacy mechanisms of vMPH were disturbed by wide-spectrum psychiatric drugs. Our in silico results suggested that both drugs could have similar efficacy mechanisms as ADHD treatment in adult and pediatric populations and allowed raising hypotheses for their differential impact in specific patient groups, although these results require prospective validation for clinical translatability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Ramón Gutiérrez-Casares
- Unidad Ambulatoria de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental de la Infancia, Niñez y Adolescencia, Hospital Perpetuo Socorro, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Segú-Vergés
- Anaxomics Biotech, Barcelona, Spain
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Montoto
- Medical Department, Takeda Farmacéutica España, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alabduljabbar K, Al-Najim W, le Roux CW. Food preferences after bariatric surgery: a review update. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:351-358. [PMID: 36478323 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious and global health problem. The multiple complications of obesity reduce quality of life and increase mortality. Bariatric surgery is one of the best treatment options for obesity management. Bariatric surgery helps people reduce their caloric intake by treating the disease of obesity effectively, in part by increasing signaling from the gut to the brain. The most frequent surgical options are Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). There is controversy regarding changes in food preferences and selection after bariatric surgery. In this review, we aim to outline the changes in food intake and selection, clarify the behavior changes in food intake, and assess the potential mechanisms responsible for these changes in patients after bariatric surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alabduljabbar
- Department of Family Medicine and Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Werd Al-Najim
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Frick JM, Eller OC, Foright RM, Levasseur BM, Yang X, Wang R, Winter MK, O'Neil MF, Morris EM, Thyfault JP, Christianson JA. High-fat/high-sucrose diet worsens metabolic outcomes and widespread hypersensitivity following early-life stress exposure in female mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R353-R367. [PMID: 36693166 PMCID: PMC9970659 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00216.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stress early in life has been associated with adult-onset comorbidities such as chronic pain, metabolic dysregulation, obesity, and inactivity. We have established an early-life stress model using neonatal maternal separation (NMS) in mice, which displays evidence of increased body weight and adiposity, widespread mechanical allodynia, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in male mice. Early-life stress and consumption of a Western-style diet contribute to the development of obesity; however, relatively few preclinical studies have been performed in female rodents, which are known to be protected against diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction. In this study, we gave naïve and NMS female mice access to a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet beginning at 4 wk of age. Robust increases in body weight and fat were observed in HFS-fed NMS mice during the first 10 wk on the diet, driven partly by increased food intake. Female NMS mice on an HFS diet showed widespread mechanical hypersensitivity compared with either naïve mice on an HFS diet or NMS mice on a control diet. HFS diet-fed NMS mice also had impaired glucose tolerance and fasting hyperinsulinemia. Strikingly, female NMS mice on an HFS diet showed evidence of hepatic steatosis with increased triglyceride levels and altered glucocorticoid receptor levels and phosphorylation state. They also exhibited increased energy expenditure as observed via indirect calorimetry and expression of proinflammatory markers in perigonadal adipose. Altogether, our data suggest that early-life stress exposure increased the susceptibility of female mice to develop diet-induced metabolic dysfunction and pain-like behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Frick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Olivia C Eller
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Brittni M Levasseur
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Ruipeng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Michelle K Winter
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Association, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Maura F O'Neil
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - E Matthew Morris
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Julie A Christianson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Han W, Wang L, Ohbayashi K, Takeuchi M, O'Farrell L, Coskun T, Rakhat Y, Yabe D, Iwasaki Y, Seino Y, Yada T. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide counteracts diet-induced obesity along with reduced feeding, elevated plasma leptin and activation of leptin-responsive and proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:1534-1546. [PMID: 36852745 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To clarify the effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists (GIPRAs) on feeding and body weight. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute and subchronic effects of subcutaneous GIPFA-085, a long-acting GIPRA, on blood glucose, food intake, body weight, respiratory exchange ratio and plasma leptin levels were measured in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and/or functional leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. The effects of GIPFA-085 on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons from lean and DIO mice were studied by measuring cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ). RESULTS Single bolus GIPFA-085 (30, 300 nmol/kg) dose-dependently reduced blood glucose in glucose tolerance tests, elevated plasma leptin levels at 0.5-6 hours and inhibited food intake at 2-24 hours after injection in DIO mice. Daily GIPFA-085 (300 nmol/kg) inhibited food intake and increased fat utilization on day 1, and reduced body weight gain on days 3-12 of treatment in DIO, but not ob/ob, mice. GIPFA-085 increased [Ca2+ ]i in the ARC leptin-responsive and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. GIPFA-085 and leptin cooperated to increase [Ca2+ ]i in ARC neurons and inhibit food intake. CONCLUSIONS GIPFA-085 acutely inhibits feeding and increases lipid utilization, and sustainedly lowers body weight in DIO mice via mechanisms involving rises in leptin and activation of ARC leptin-responsive and POMC neurons. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of GIPRAs for treating obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Han
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kento Ohbayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yermek Rakhat
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Candemir B, İleri İ, Yalçın MM, Sel AT, Göker B, Gülbahar Ö, Yetkin İ. Relationship Between Appetite-Related Peptides and Frailty in Older Adults. Endocr Res 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36799510 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2023.2180029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty, is a geriatric syndrome that reduces the resistance to stress situations caused by activities of daily living and increases morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that a decrease in orexigenic peptides or an increase in anorexigenic peptides might be associated with frailty. We aimed to investigate the relationship between frailty and six appetite-related peptides: ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), cocaine-amphetamine-associated peptide (CART), peptide YY, and alpha MSH (α-MSH). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 85 older adults who visited the outpatient clinic. All patients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment. Frailty status was assessed using the Fried frailty index. Plasma levels of six appetite-related peptides were studied. RESULTS The mean age was 73.7 ± 5.4 years, 27 (31.8%) of the patients were male, and 32 of the patients (37.6%) were frail. While plasma levels of ghrelin, NPY and AgRP were significantly lower in frail patients, CART and α-MSH levels were higher compared to non-frail patients (p < .05 for all). Peptide YY was found to be higher in the frail group, however, the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = .052). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the ghrelin, AgRP, CART, and α-MSH levels were independent predictors of frailty. Moreover, a weak correlation was found between all peptides(except NPY) and handgrip strength and Lawton-Brody score. CONCLUSION Ghrelin, AgRP, CART, and α-MSH levels were found to be independent predictors of frailty. Our results suggest that appetite-related peptides might be playing roles in the pathogenesis of frailty. Further larger prospective studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Candemir
- Health Sciences University, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İbrahim İleri
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Muhittin Yalçın
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydın Tuncer Sel
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Göker
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Gülbahar
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlhan Yetkin
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Bidirectional Relationship of NPY and Mitochondria in Energy Balance Regulation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020446. [PMID: 36830982 PMCID: PMC9953676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy balance is regulated by several hormones and peptides, and neuropeptide Y is one of the most crucial in feeding and energy expenditure control. NPY is regulated by a series of peripheral nervous and humoral signals that are responsive to nutrient sensing, but its role in the energy balance is also intricately related to the energetic status, namely mitochondrial function. During fasting, mitochondrial dynamics and activity are activated in orexigenic neurons, increasing the levels of neuropeptide Y. By acting on the sympathetic nervous system, neuropeptide Y modulates thermogenesis and lipolysis, while in the peripheral sites, it triggers adipogenesis and lipogenesis instead. Moreover, both central and peripheral neuropeptide Y reduces mitochondrial activity by decreasing oxidative phosphorylation proteins and other mediators important to the uptake of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, inhibiting lipid oxidation and energy expenditure. Dysregulation of the neuropeptide Y system, as occurs in metabolic diseases like obesity, may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and, consequently, to oxidative stress and to the white adipose tissue inflammatory environment, contributing to the development of a metabolically unhealthy profile. This review focuses on the interconnection between mitochondrial function and dynamics with central and peripheral neuropeptide Y actions and discusses possible therapeutical modulations of the neuropeptide Y system as an anti-obesity tool.
Collapse
|
23
|
Correia D, Domingues I, Faria M, Oliveira M. Effects of fluoxetine on fish: What do we know and where should we focus our efforts in the future? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159486. [PMID: 36257440 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is one of the most studied and detected selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the aquatic environment, found at concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. Its presence in this environment can induce effects on aquatic organisms that may compromise their fitness. Several experimental studies have demonstrated that fluoxetine can induce neurotoxicity, genetic and biochemical changes, and cause behavioral dysfunction in a wide range of fish species. However, contradictory results can be found. There is thus the need for a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on the effects of fluoxetine on fish at different levels of biological organization, highlighting inclusive patterns and discussing the potential causes for the contradictory results, that can be found in the available literature. This review also aims to explore and identify the main gaps in knowledge and areas for future research. We conclude that environmentally relevant concentrations of fluoxetine (e.g., from 0.00345 μg/L) produced adverse effects and often this concentration range is not addressed in conventional environmental risk assessment strategies. Its environmental persistence and ionizable properties reinforce the need for standardized testing with representative aquatic models, targeting endpoints sensitive to the specific mode of action of fluoxetine, in order to assess and rank its actual environmental risk to aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Correia
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Inês Domingues
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Miguel Oliveira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kaneko K, Tokuyama Y, Taniguchi E, Abe S, Nakato J, Iwakura H, Sato M, Kurabayashi A, Suzuki H, Ito A, Higuchi Y, Nakayama R, Uchiyama K, Takahashi H, Ohinata K. Rice Endoplasmic Protein-Derived Peptides, Rice-Ghretropins A and B, Stimulate Ghrelin Release in MGN3-1 Cells and Increase Plasma Acylated Ghrelin and Food Intake in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:421-429. [PMID: 36580688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated that novel rice-derived bioactive peptides promote the secretion of ghrelin, an endogenous orexigenic hormone secreted from the stomach. The enzymatic digest of rice endosperm protein with subtilisin, a microorganism-derived enzyme, stimulated acylated ghrelin secretion in the ghrelin-releasing cell line MGN3-1 and increased food intake after oral administration in mice. By performing a comprehensive analysis based on structure-activity relationships, we selected candidate peptides from over 30,000 peptides in the rice digest. Among them, we found that QAFEPIRSV and TNPWHSPRQGSF, corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the rice endoplasmic proteins glutelin A1 or A2(52-60) and B1 or B2(31-42), respectively, stimulated acylated ghrelin release in MGN3-1 cells. We named them rice-ghretropins A and B. Pyroglutamate formation of rice-ghretropin A, [pyr1]-rice-ghretropin A, also promoted ghrelin secretion. Furthermore, oral administration of rice-ghretropins increased food intake, plasma ghrelin concentration, and small intestinal transit in mice. In addition, the subtilisin digest of the rice protein significantly increased food intake for 4 h in 9 month-old (control: 0.61 ± 0.049 g; digest: 0.83 ± 0.059 g) and 24 month-old mice (control: 0.52 ± 0.067 g; digest: 1.01 ± 0.064 g). In summary, we found that novel bioactive peptides, namely, rice-ghretropins, from the enzymatic digest of rice endosperm stimulated acylated ghrelin secretion and increased food intake. This is the first report of rice-derived exogenous bioactive peptides that increase acylated ghrelin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kaneko
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Tokuyama
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eriko Taniguchi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shimon Abe
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Junya Nakato
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwakura
- The First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 841-8509, Japan
| | - Masaru Sato
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kurabayashi
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Rice Research Institute, Kameda Seika CO., LTD. 3-1-1Kameda-kogyodanchi, Konan, Niigata, Niigata 950-0198, Japan
| | - Yuki Higuchi
- Rice Research Institute, Kameda Seika CO., LTD. 3-1-1Kameda-kogyodanchi, Konan, Niigata, Niigata 950-0198, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nakayama
- Rice Research Institute, Kameda Seika CO., LTD. 3-1-1Kameda-kogyodanchi, Konan, Niigata, Niigata 950-0198, Japan
| | - Kimiko Uchiyama
- Rice Research Institute, Kameda Seika CO., LTD. 3-1-1Kameda-kogyodanchi, Konan, Niigata, Niigata 950-0198, Japan
| | - Hajime Takahashi
- Rice Research Institute, Kameda Seika CO., LTD. 3-1-1Kameda-kogyodanchi, Konan, Niigata, Niigata 950-0198, Japan
| | - Kousaku Ohinata
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Relationships of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones with body fat distribution in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 280:2445-2452. [PMID: 36547712 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to examine the relationships of disease activity and risk factors with serum levels of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). METHODS Fasting blood samples were taken for hormonal analysis of all participants, abdominal/neck bioimpedance measurements were recorded, and polysomnography (PSG) analyses were performed. According to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), 34 patients with newly diagnosed OSAS and 34 participants without OSAS were compared. RESULTS The median body mass index (BMI) measured in the OSAS group was 30.39 kg/m2 and AHI was 18.95 and these values were 25.40 kg/m2 and 1.55 in the control group. There was a higher level of visceral adiposity and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the moderate-to-severe OSAS group compared to the mild OSAS and control groups, and in the mild OSAS group compared to the control group (p = 0.001, p < 0.001). A positive correlation between the level of NPY and AHI and BMI (p < 0.001, p = 0.011), and a negative correlation between NPY levels and oxygen saturation (p = 0.001) was found. Oxygen saturation and desaturation rates were correlated with body fat percentage, body fat mass, abdominal adiposity, visceral adiposity, resting metabolic rate, and NPY levels. CONCLUSIONS The visceral adiposity ratio and increase in NPY levels are important parameters that increase the severity of OSAS. Considering the negative effects of NPY on vascular endothelium, measurement of basal NPY level before PSG in patients with OSAS is considered a parameter related to disease severity.
Collapse
|
26
|
Brain fractalkine-CX3CR1 signalling is anti-obesity system as anorexigenic and anti-inflammatory actions in diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12604. [PMID: 35871167 PMCID: PMC9308795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine is one of the CX3C chemokine family, and it is widely expressed in the brain including the hypothalamus. In the brain, fractalkine is expressed in neurons and binds to a CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) in microglia. The hypothalamus regulates energy homeostasis of which dysregulation is associated with obesity. Therefore, we examined whether fractalkine-CX3CR1 signalling involved in regulating food intake and hypothalamic inflammation associated with obesity pathogenesis. In the present study, fractalkine significantly reduced food intake induced by several experimental stimuli and significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Moreover, tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) antagonist impaired fractalkine-induced anorexigenic actions. In addition, compared with wild-type mice, CX3CR1-deficient mice showed a significant increase in food intake and a significant decrease in BDNF mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks showed hypothalamic inflammation and reduced fractalkine mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular administration of fractalkine significantly suppressed HFD-induced hypothalamic inflammation in mice. HFD intake for 4 weeks caused hypothalamic inflammation in CX3CR1-deficient mice, but not in wild-type mice. These findings suggest that fractalkine-CX3CR1 signalling induces anorexigenic actions via activation of the BDNF-TrkB pathway and suppresses HFD-induced hypothalamic inflammation in mice.
Collapse
|
27
|
Martins N, Castro C, Oliva-Teles A, Peres H. The Interplay between Central and Peripheral Systems in Feed Intake Regulation in European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233287. [PMID: 36496811 PMCID: PMC9739057 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding or feed deprivation on the orexigenic and anorexigenic responses at the central (whole brain) and peripheral (anterior and posterior intestine, stomach, and liver) system levels in European seabass. For this purpose, a group of fish (208 g) was fed a single meal daily for 8 days (fed group) and another group was feed-deprived for 8 days (unfed group). Compared to the fed group, in the whole brain, feed deprivation did not induce changes in npy, agrp1, and cart2 expression, but increased agrp2 and pomc1 expression. In the anterior intestine, feed deprivation increased cck expression, while in the posterior intestine, the npy expression increased and pyyb decreased. In the stomach, the ghr expression decreased regardless of the feeding status. The hepatic lep expression increased in the unfed fish. The present results suggest a feed intake regulation mechanism in European seabass similar to that observed in other teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Martins
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolina Castro
- FLATLANTIC—Atividades Piscícolas, S.A., Rua do Aceiros s/n, 3070-732 Praia de Mira, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Helena Peres
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Prida E, Álvarez-Delgado S, Pérez-Lois R, Soto-Tielas M, Estany-Gestal A, Fernø J, Seoane LM, Quiñones M, Al-Massadi O. Liver Brain Interactions: Focus on FGF21 a Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113318. [PMID: 36362103 PMCID: PMC9658462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 is a pleiotropic hormone secreted mainly by the liver in response to metabolic and nutritional challenges. Physiologically, fibroblast growth factor 21 plays a key role in mediating the metabolic responses to fasting or starvation and acts as an important regulator of energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity, in part by its direct action on the central nervous system. Accordingly, pharmacological recombinant fibroblast growth factor 21 therapies have been shown to counteract obesity and its related metabolic disorders in both rodents and nonhuman primates. In this systematic review, we discuss how fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates metabolism and its interactions with the central nervous system. In addition, we also state our vision for possible therapeutic uses of this hepatic-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Prida
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Álvarez-Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Lois
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mateo Soto-Tielas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Estany-Gestal
- Unidad de Metodología de la Investigación, Fundación Instituto de Investigación de Santiago (FIDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5201 Bergen, Norway
| | - Luisa María Seoane
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mar Quiñones
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Q.); (O.A.-M.); Tel.: +34-981955708 (M.Q.); +34-981955522 (O.A.-M.)
| | - Omar Al-Massadi
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Q.); (O.A.-M.); Tel.: +34-981955708 (M.Q.); +34-981955522 (O.A.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Politi M, Tresca G, Menghini L, Ferrante C. Beyond the Psychoactive Effects of Ayahuasca: Cultural and Pharmacological Relevance of Its Emetic and Purging Properties. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1275-1286. [PMID: 34794194 DOI: 10.1055/a-1675-3840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The herbal preparation ayahuasca has been an important part of ritual and healing practices, deployed to access invisible worlds in several indigenous groups in the Amazon basin and among mestizo populations of South America. The preparation is usually known to be composed of two main plants, Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, which produce both hallucinogenic and potent purging and emetic effects; currently, these are considered its major pharmacological activities. In recent decades, the psychoactive and visionary effect of ayahuasca has been highly sought after by the shamanic tourism community, which led to the popularization of ayahuasca use globally and to a cultural distancing from its traditional cosmological meanings, including that of purging and emesis. Further, the field of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology has also produced relatively limited data linking the phytochemical diversity of ayahuasca with the different degrees of its purging and emetic versus psychoactive effects. Similarly, scientific interest has also principally addressed the psychological and mental health effects of ayahuasca, overlooking the cultural and pharmacological importance of the purging and emetic activity. The aim of this review is therefore to shed light on the understudied purging and emetic effect of ayahuasca herbal preparation. It firstly focuses on reviewing the cultural relevance of emesis and purging in the context of Amazonian traditions. Secondly, on the basis of the main known phytochemicals described in the ayahuasca formula, a comprehensive pharmacological evaluation of their emetic and purging properties is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Politi
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
- Research Department, Center for Drug Addiction Treatment and Research on Traditional Medicines - Takiwasi, Tarapoto, Peru
| | - Giorgia Tresca
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mak KWY, Mustafa AF, Belsham DD. Neuroendocrine microRNAs linked to energy homeostasis: future therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:774-789. [PMID: 36083576 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The brain orchestrates whole-body metabolism through an intricate system involving interneuronal crosstalk and communication. Specifically, a key player in this complex circuitry is the hypothalamus that controls feeding behaviour, energy expenditure, body weight and metabolism, whereby hypothalamic neurons sense and respond to circulating hormones, nutrients, and chemicals. Dysregulation of these neurons contributes to the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The involvement of hypothalamic microRNAs, post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, in the central regulation of energy homeostasis has become increasingly apparent, although not completely delineated. This review summarizes current evidence demonstrating the regulation of feeding-related neuropeptides by brain-derived microRNAs as well as the regulation of specific miRNAs by nutrients and other peripheral signals. Moreover, the involvement of microRNAs in the central nervous system control of insulin, leptin, and estrogen signal transduction is examined. Finally, the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of microRNAs for metabolic disorders will be discussed and the regulation of brain-derived microRNAs by nutrients and other peripheral signals is considered. Demonstrating a critical role of microRNAs in hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis is an innovative route to uncover novel biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly W Y Mak
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aws F Mustafa
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Song C, Wei W, Wang T, Zhou M, Li Y, Xiao B, Huang D, Gu J, Shi L, Peng J, Jin D. Microglial infiltration mediates cognitive dysfunction in rat models of hypothalamic obesity via a hypothalamic-hippocampal circuit involving the lateral hypothalamic area. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:971100. [PMID: 36072565 PMCID: PMC9443213 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.971100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction mediated by the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in a hypothalamic-hippocampal circuit in rats with lesion-induced hypothalamic obesity (HO). The HO model was established by electrically lesioning the hypothalamic nuclei. The open field (OP) test, Morris water maze (MWM), novel object recognition (NOR), and novel object location memory (NLM) tests were used to evaluate changes in cognition due to alterations in the hypothalamic-hippocampal circuit. Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and cholera toxin subunit B conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 (CTB488) reverse tracer technology were used to determine synaptophysin (SYN), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), and Caspase3 expression levels and the hypothalamic-hippocampal circuit. In HO rats, severe obesity was associated with cognitive dysfunction after the lesion of the hypothalamus. Furthermore, neuronal apoptosis and activated microglia in the downstream of the lesion area (the LHA) induced microglial infiltration into the intact hippocampus via the LHA-hippocampal circuit, and the synapses engulfment in the hippocampus may be the underlying mechanism by which the remodeled microglial mediates memory impairments in HO rats. The HO rats exhibited microglial infiltration and synapse loss into the hippocampus from the lesioned LHA via the hypothalamic-hippocampal circuit. The underlying mechanisms of memory function may be related to the circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chong Song,
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunshi Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyi Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chong Song,
| | - Dianshi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Chong Song,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Neuromodulatory and Protective Effects Induced by the Association of Herbal Extracts from Valeriana officinalis, Ziziphus jujuba, and Humulus lupulus with Melatonin: An Innovative Formulation for Counteracting Sleep Disorders. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of herbal extracts could represent an advantageous approach for treating sleeping disorders, especially in mild-to-moderate conditions, before the onset of a specific therapy with first-line drugs. Specifically, the focus was posed about the use of extracts from Valeriana officinalis, Ziziphus jujuba, and Humulus lupulus. Multiple studies demonstrated the efficacy of these medicinal plants to positively manage insomnia symptoms. Additionally, their efficacy in the treatment of sleeping disorders could also be improved by their pharmacological association. In the present study, extracts from Valeriana officinalis, Ziziphus jujuba, Humulus lupulus, melatonin, and their pharmacological association, Vagonotte® MEL, were studied for potential application in the treatment of insomnia. Methods: The extracts and melatonin were tested on hypothalamic neurons and tissue for evaluating biocompatibility and protective and neuromodulatory effects. The neuromodulatory effects were evaluated as orexin A gene expression and serotonin steady state level, in the hypothalamus. Results: The extracts and melatonin, although with evident differences, were effective as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents; additionally, they were also able to reduce the hypothalamic gene expression of orexin A and the steady state level of serotonin, playing master roles in wakefulness. It is noteworthy that the formulation displayed all the effects of the single ingredients, without any sign of toxicity and pharmacological interference in the hypothalamus. Conclusions: Concluding, the present study explored the biological effects of melatonin and herbal extracts with phytotherapy interest in V. officinalis, Z. jujuba, and H. lupulus. The study demonstrated their intrinsic scavenging/reducing activity, together with protective and neuromodulatory effects in the hypothalamus, with a significant reduction of both orexin A gene expression and serotonin steady state level. Additionally, the study also considered their pharmacological association, which displayed an overall pharmacological spectrum mirroring, including all the effects of the single ingredients, without showing any sign of toxicity in the brain and interference between the extracts and melatonin.
Collapse
|
33
|
da Silva RKB, de Vasconcelos DAA, da Silva AVE, da Silva RPB, de Oliveira Neto OB, Galindo LCM. Effects of maternal high-fat diet on the hypothalamic components related to food intake and energy expenditure in mice offspring. Life Sci 2022; 307:120880. [PMID: 35963301 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation has been related to changes in the hypothalamic circuits involved in the regulation of food intake. Furthermore, maternal HFD during the critical period of development can alter the offspring's metabolic programming with long-term repercussions. This study systematically reviewed the effects of HFD consumption during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and/or lactation. The main outcomes evaluated were food intake; body weight; cellular or molecular aspects of peptides and hypothalamic receptors involved in the regulation of energy balance in mice. Two independent authors performed a search in the electronic databases Medline/PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Sigle via Open Gray. Included were experimental studies of mice exposed to HFD during pregnancy and/or lactation that evaluated body composition, food intake, energy expenditure and hypothalamic components related to energy balance. Internal validity was assessed using the SYRCLE risk of bias. The Kappa index was measured to analyze the agreement between reviewers. The PRISMA statement was used to report this systematic review. Most studies demonstrated that there was a higher body weight, body fat deposits and food intake, as well as alterations in the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides in offspring that consumed HFD. Therefore, the maternal diet can affect the phenotype and metabolism of the offspring, in addition to harming the hypothalamic circuits and favoring the orexigenic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Katiuska Bezerra da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Diogo Antonio Alves de Vasconcelos
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Study Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Roxana Patrícia Bezerra da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Lígia Cristina Monteiro Galindo
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Study Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oxytocin-based therapies for treatment of Prader-Willi and Schaaf-Yang syndromes: evidence, disappointments, and future research strategies. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:318. [PMID: 35941105 PMCID: PMC9360032 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The prosocial neuropeptide oxytocin is being developed as a potential treatment for various neuropsychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Early studies using intranasal oxytocin in patients with ASD yielded encouraging results and for some time, scientists and affected families placed high hopes on the use of intranasal oxytocin for behavioral therapy in ASD. However, a recent Phase III trial obtained negative results using intranasal oxytocin for the treatment of behavioral symptoms in children with ASD. Given the frequently observed autism-like behavioral phenotypes in Prader-Willi and Schaaf-Yang syndromes, it is unclear whether oxytocin treatment represents a viable option to treat behavioral symptoms in these diseases. Here we review the latest findings on intranasal OT treatment, Prader-Willi and Schaaf-Yang syndromes, and propose novel research strategies for tailored oxytocin-based therapies for affected individuals. Finally, we propose the critical period theory, which could explain why oxytocin-based treatment seems to be most efficient in infants, but not adolescents.
Collapse
|
35
|
Shao Y, Tian J, Yang Y, Hu Y, Zhu Y, Shu Q. Identification of key genes and pathways revealing the central regulatory mechanism of brain-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 on obesity using bioinformatics analysis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:931161. [PMID: 35992905 PMCID: PMC9389235 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.931161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Central glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a target in treating obesity due to its effect on suppressing appetite, but the possible downstream key genes that GLP-1 regulated have not been studied in depth. This study intends to screen out the downstream feeding regulation genes of central GLP-1 neurons through bioinformatics analysis and verify them by chemical genetics, which may provide insights for future research. Materials and methods GSE135862 genetic expression profiles were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were carried out. STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to map the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After bioinformatics analysis, we applied chemogenetic methods to modulate the activities of GLP-1 neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and observed the alterations of screened differential genes and their protein expressions in the hypothalamus under different excitatory conditions of GLP-1 neurons. Results A total of 49 DEGs were discovered, including 38 downregulated genes and 11 upregulated genes. The two genes with the highest expression scores were biglycan (Bgn) and mitogen-activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 3 (Mapkapk3). The results of GO analysis showed that there were 10 molecular functions of differential genes. Differential genes were mainly localized in seven regions around the cells, and enriched in 10 biology processes. The results of the KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis showed that differential genes played an important role in seven pathways. The top 15 genes selected according to the Cytoscape software included Bgn and Mapkapk3. Chemogenetic activation of GLP-1 in NTS induced a decrease in food intake and body mass, while chemogenetic inhibition induced the opposite effect. The gene and protein expression of GLP-1 were upregulated in NTS when activated by chemogenetics. In addition, the expression of Bgn was upregulated and that of Mapkapk3 was downregulated in the hypothalamus. Conclusion Our data showed that GLP-1 could modulate the protein expression of Bgn and Mapkapk3. Our findings elucidated the regulatory network in GLP-1 to obesity and might provide a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Resources Wugang General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- College of Health Sciences, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Shu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Shu,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The Small Molecule PPARγ Agonist GL516 Induces Feeding-Stimulatory Effects in Hypothalamus Cells Hypo-E22 and Isolated Hypothalami. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154882. [PMID: 35956831 PMCID: PMC9369729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PPARγ agonists are implicated in the regulation of diabetes and metabolic syndrome and have therapeutic potential in brain disorders. PPARγ modulates appetite through its central effects, especially on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). Previous studies demonstrated that the small molecule GL516 is a PPARγ agonist able to reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis with a potential neuroprotective role. Herein, we investigated the effects of GL516, in vitro and ex vivo, on the levels of hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). The gene expressions of neuropeptide Y, CART, AgRP, and POMC, which play master roles in the neuroendocrine regulation of feeding behavior and energy balance, were also evaluated. HypoE22 cells were treated with H2O2 (300 μM) for 2 h e 30’ and with different concentrations of GL516 (1 nM-100 µM). The cell viability was evaluated after 24 and 48 h of culturing using the MTT test. DA and 5-HT levels in the HypoE22 cell supernatants were analyzed through HPLC; an ex vivo study on isolated hypothalamic specimens challenged with scalar concentrations of GL516 (1–100 µM) and with pioglitazone (10 µM) was carried out. The gene expressions of CART, NPY, AgRP, and POMC were also determined by a quantitative real-time PCR. The results obtained showed that GL516 was able to reduce DA and 5-HT turnover; moreover, it was effective in stimulating NPY and AgRP gene expressions with a concomitant reduction in CART and POMC gene expressions. These results highlight the capability of GL516 to modulate neuropeptide pathways deeply involved in appetite control suggesting an orexigenic effect. These findings emphasize the potential use of GL516 as a promising candidate for therapeutical applications in neurodegenerative diseases associated with the reduction in food intake and stimulation of catabolic pathways.
Collapse
|
37
|
Villano I, La Marra M, Di Maio G, Monda V, Chieffi S, Guatteo E, Messina G, Moscatelli F, Monda M, Messina A. Physiological Role of Orexinergic System for Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8353. [PMID: 35886210 PMCID: PMC9323672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Orexins, or hypocretins, are excitatory neuropeptides involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and the sleep and wakefulness states. Since their discovery, several lines of evidence have highlighted that orexin neurons regulate a great range of physiological functions, giving it the definition of a multitasking system. In the present review, we firstly describe the mechanisms underlining the orexin system and their interactions with the central nervous system (CNS). Then, the system's involvement in goal-directed behaviors, sleep/wakefulness state regulation, feeding behavior and energy homeostasis, reward system, and aging and neurodegenerative diseases are described. Advanced evidence suggests that the orexin system is crucial for regulating many physiological functions and could represent a promising target for therapeutical approaches to obesity, drug addiction, and emotional stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.M.); (G.D.M.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.M.); (G.D.M.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.M.); (G.D.M.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.M.); (G.D.M.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Ezia Guatteo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Fiorenzo Moscatelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.M.); (G.D.M.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.M.); (G.D.M.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ghosh-Swaby OR, Reichelt AC, Sheppard PAS, Davies J, Bussey TJ, Saksida LM. Metabolic hormones mediate cognition. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:101009. [PMID: 35679900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent biochemical and behavioural evidence indicates that metabolic hormones not only regulate energy intake and nutrient content, but also modulate plasticity and cognition in the central nervous system. Disruptions in metabolic hormone signalling may provide a link between metabolic syndromes like obesity and diabetes, and cognitive impairment. For example, altered metabolic homeostasis in obesity is a strong determinant of the severity of age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. Here we review the evidence that eating behaviours and metabolic hormones-particularly ghrelin, leptin, and insulin-are key players in the delicate regulation of neural plasticity and cognition. Caloric restriction and antidiabetic therapies, both of which affect metabolic hormone levels can restore metabolic homeostasis and enhance cognitive function. Thus, metabolic hormone pathways provide a promising target for the treatment of cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Ghosh-Swaby
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amy C Reichelt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul A S Sheppard
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Davies
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
TRPV1-Mediated Sensing of Sodium and Osmotic Pressure in POMC Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132600. [PMID: 35807782 PMCID: PMC9268643 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The central melanocortin system conducted by anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) not only regulates feeding behavior but also blood pressure. Excessive salt intake raises the Na+ concentration ([Na+]) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and worsens hypertension. The blood–brain barrier is immature in the ARC. Therefore, both AgRP and POMC neurons in the ARC have easy access to the electrolytes in the blood and can sense changes in their concentrations. However, the sensitivity of AgRP and POMC neurons to Na+ remains unclear. This study aimed to explore how the changes in the extracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]) influence these neurons by measuring the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the single neurons isolated from the ARC that were subsequently immunocytochemically identified as AgRP or POMC neurons. Both AgRP and POMC neurons responded to increases in both [Na+] and osmolarity in C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) knockout (KO) mice, POMC neurons failed to respond to increases in both [Na+] and osmolarity, while they responded to high glucose and angiotensin II levels with increases in [Ca2+]i. Moreover, in KO mice fed a high-salt diet, the expression of POMC was lower than that in wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that changes in [Na+] and osmolarity are sensed by the ARC POMC neurons via the TRPV1-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
|
40
|
Yan Y, Chi S, Liu G, Huang Y, Pan D, Jiang X. The c.612A>G mutation of MC4R affects constitutive activity and signaling in domestic goats. Anim Genet 2022; 53:665-675. [PMID: 35727803 DOI: 10.1111/age.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As a key gene for balancing energy and regulating feeding behavior, MC4R is relevant to the growth of ruminants. In this presentation, a highly conserved c.612A>G site in the coding sequence (CDS) of MC4R has been selected during a selective sweep analysis of 35 Yiling goats and 20 other wild goats. This site mutation results in an amino acid change from Ile to Met. The genotyping analysis of the c.612A>G site revealed that the A allele was the dominant allele in the domestic goat populations, while the wild goat individuals only had the G allele. For a better understanding of the biological significance of this site, we examined the protein localization and signal detection to explain the function of the two MC4R receptors. The results showed that both the M204 and I204 receptors can normally localize on the membrane. When stimulating the M204 type without α-MSH, it was defective at the level of basal cAMP and decreased significantly against the I204 type. In contrast, the signaling capacity of the M204 receptor was also lower than that of I204 under the stimulation of α-MSH. In the ERK1/2 pathway, stimulating MC4R with NDP-α-MSH, both the M204 and I204 receptors had normal pERK1/2 levels. These results indicate that the p.I204M mutation may change the function by damaging the constitutive activity and signaling, and thus may regulate goats' appetite. This study has potential application for rearing domestic goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Yan
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaxuan Chi
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjie Huang
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Pan
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mazaheri S, Zendehdel M, Haghparast A. Role of orexinergic receptors within the ventral tegmental area in the development of morphine sensitization induced by forced swim stress in the rat. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 116:110539. [PMID: 35217126 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been suggested as part of a common system for reward, stress, and morphine sensitization. Repeated exposure to stress enhances sensitivity to drugs such as morphine. The role of orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R) within the VTA in cross-sensitization of morphine with stress was assessed in this study. Various doses of OX1R antagonist (SB334867) and OX2R antagonist (TCS OX2 29) were microinjected into the VTA of 134 adult male albino Wistar rats through cannulae, which had been bilaterally implanted above this region. Five min after microinjection, animals were forced to swim for 6 min, and 10 min after forced swim stress (FSS) termination, a low dose of morphine (i.e., ineffective dose for sensitization) was subcutaneously injected (1 mg/kg; sc). This procedure was repeated for three consecutive days as a sensitization period followed by a 5-day drug/stress-free period. On the 9th day, sensitivity to morphine was examined by measuring antinociceptive responses to the ineffective dose of morphine via tail-flick test. The obtained findings revealed that while concurrent administration of FSS and an ineffective dose of morphine (1 mg/kg; sc) for three consecutive days induced sensitivity to morphine, intra-VTA administration of OX1R- and OX2R antagonists, dose-dependently blocked this sensitization. These results suggested that both orexin receptors located in the VTA have a considerable role in morphine sensitization induced by concurrent administration of FSS and a low dose of morphine. So, there is a contribution of the orexin system partly to stress-induced sensitization to morphine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Mazaheri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Whole-body cryostimulation in obesity. A scoping review. J Therm Biol 2022; 106:103250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
43
|
Peiris M, Aktar R, Reed D, Cibert-Goton V, Zdanaviciene A, Halder W, Robinow A, Corke S, Dogra H, Knowles CH, Blackshaw A. Decoy bypass for appetite suppression in obese adults: role of synergistic nutrient sensing receptors GPR84 and FFAR4 on colonic endocrine cells. Gut 2022; 71:928-937. [PMID: 34083384 PMCID: PMC8995825 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colonic enteroendocrine cells (EECs) store and release potent anorectic hormones that are key regulators of satiety. EECs express multiple nutrient sensing receptors, particularly for medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs): GPR84 and FFAR4. Here we show a non-surgical approach with targeted colonic delivery of MCFA, which induces EEC and neuronal activation leading to anorectic effects. DESIGN A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was performed in obese adults given combined GPR84 and FFAR4 agonists in colonic release capsules before meals. We measured serum hormones, energy intake and appetite perception. Cell type, activation by agonists and hormone/serotonin release were determined in human colonic explants. Mouse colonic afferent nerve responses to nutrients/mediators were recorded electrophysiologically. RESULTS Subjects receiving GPR84 and FFAR4 agonists had reduced overall calorific intake and increased postprandial levels of PYY versus placebo. Receptors including GPR84 and FFAR4 were coexpressed on human colonic EEC. Activation of GPR84 exclusively induced intracellular pERK, whereas FFAR4 selectively activated pCaMKII. Coactivation of GPR84 and FFAR4 induced both phosphoproteins, and superadditive release of GLP-1 and PYY. Nutrients and hormones convergently activated murine colonic afterent nerves via GLP-1, Y2 and 5-HT3 receptors. CONCLUSIONS Colonic GPR84 and FFAR4 agonists reduce energy intake and increase postprandial PYY in obese adults. Human colonic EECs coexpress these receptors, which activate cells via parallel intracellular pathways and synergistically evoke hormone release. Further synergism occurs in sensory nerve responses to MCFA and EEC mediators. Thus, synergistic activation of colonic endocrine cells via nutrient receptors is an important target for metabolic regulation. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04292236.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madusha Peiris
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rubina Aktar
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research, Queen's University, Kingston, Queensland, Canada
| | - Vincent Cibert-Goton
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ausra Zdanaviciene
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Writaja Halder
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adam Robinow
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Simon Corke
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Harween Dogra
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Charles H Knowles
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ashley Blackshaw
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lustig RH, Collier D, Kassotis C, Roepke TA, Ji Kim M, Blanc E, Barouki R, Bansal A, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Choudhury M, Gilbertson M, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Howard S, Lind L, Tomlinson CR, Vondracek J, Heindel JJ. Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115012. [PMID: 35393120 PMCID: PMC9050949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is now greater than those underweight. Obesity is a multifactorial condition, and as such, many components contribute to its development and pathogenesis. This is the first of three companion reviews that consider obesity. This review focuses on the genetics, viruses, insulin resistance, inflammation, gut microbiome, and circadian rhythms that promote obesity, along with hormones, growth factors, and organs and tissues that control its development. It shows that the regulation of energy balance (intake vs. expenditure) relies on the interplay of a variety of hormones from adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and brain. It details how integrating central neurotransmitters and peripheral metabolic signals (e.g., leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY3-36) is essential for controlling energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. It describes the distinct types of adipocytes and how fat cell development is controlled by hormones and growth factors acting via a variety of receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, retinoid X, insulin, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone, liver X, constitutive androstane, pregnane X, farnesoid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Finally, it demonstrates that obesity likely has origins in utero. Understanding these biochemical drivers of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction throughout the life cycle lends plausibility and credence to the "obesogen hypothesis" (i.e., the importance of environmental chemicals that disrupt these receptors to promote adiposity or alter metabolism), elucidated more fully in the two companion reviews.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Christopher Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Troy A Roepke
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, United States
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mechanism of Soy Isoflavone Daidzein-Induced Female-Specific Anorectic Effect. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030252. [PMID: 35323695 PMCID: PMC8955737 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that regular intake of soy isoflavone exerts a preventive effect on postmenopausal obesity and other forms of dysmetabolism. Estrogens inhibit eating behavior. Soy isoflavones may act as estrogen agonist in estrogen-depleted conditions, whereas they may either act as an estrogen antagonist or be ineffective in estrogen-repleted conditions. We investigated the effects of dietary soy isoflavone on food intake under various estrogen conditions using male, ovariectomized (OVX), and non-OVX female rats, and compared the effects with those of estradiol. We found that soy isoflavones reduced food intake in females specifically, regardless of whether ovariectomy had been performed, whereas subcutaneous implantation of estradiol pellet did not reduce food intake in intact female rats, but did so in OVX female and male rats. Contrary to this hypothesis, the reduction in food intake may not be caused by the estrogenic properties of soy isoflavones. It is of great interest to understand the mechanisms underlying the anorectic effects of soy isoflavones. In this non-systematic review, we summarize our recent studies that have investigated the bioactive substances of anorectic action, pharmacokinetic properties of soy isoflavones, and the modification of central and peripheral signals regulating appetite by soy isoflavones, and selected studies that were identified via database mining.
Collapse
|
46
|
Williams MJ, Alsehli AM, Gartner SN, Clemensson LE, Liao S, Eriksson A, Isgrove K, Thelander L, Khan Z, Itskov PM, Moulin TC, Ambrosi V, Al-Sabri MH, Lagunas-Rangel FA, Olszewski PK, Schiöth HB. The Statin Target Hmgcr Regulates Energy Metabolism and Food Intake through Central Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060970. [PMID: 35326421 PMCID: PMC8946516 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The statin drug target, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), is strongly linked to body mass index (BMI), yet how HMGCR influences BMI is not understood. In mammals, studies of peripheral HMGCR have not clearly identified a role in BMI maintenance and, despite considerable central nervous system expression, a function for central HMGCR has not been determined. Similar to mammals, Hmgcr is highly expressed in the Drosophila melanogaster brain. Therefore, genetic and pharmacological studies were performed to identify how central Hmgcr regulates Drosophila energy metabolism and feeding behavior. We found that inhibiting Hmgcr, in insulin-producing cells of the Drosophila pars intercerebralis (PI), the fly hypothalamic equivalent, significantly reduces the expression of insulin-like peptides, severely decreasing insulin signaling. In fact, reducing Hmgcr expression throughout development causes decreased body size, increased lipid storage, hyperglycemia, and hyperphagia. Furthermore, the Hmgcr induced hyperphagia phenotype requires a conserved insulin-regulated α-glucosidase, target of brain insulin (tobi). In rats and mice, acute inhibition of hypothalamic Hmgcr activity stimulates food intake. This study presents evidence of how central Hmgcr regulation of metabolism and food intake could influence BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Williams
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
| | - Ahmed M. Alsehli
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University and Hospital, Al Ehtifalat St., Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah N. Gartner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (S.N.G.); (K.I.); (P.K.O.)
| | - Laura E. Clemensson
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
| | - Sifang Liao
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
| | - Anders Eriksson
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
| | - Kiriana Isgrove
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (S.N.G.); (K.I.); (P.K.O.)
| | - Lina Thelander
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
| | - Zaid Khan
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sundsvägen 14, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Pavel M. Itskov
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
| | - Thiago C. Moulin
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
| | - Valerie Ambrosi
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
| | - Mohamed H. Al-Sabri
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
| | - Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
| | - Pawel K. Olszewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (S.N.G.); (K.I.); (P.K.O.)
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.J.W.); (A.M.A.); (L.E.C.); (S.L.); (A.E.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (P.M.I.); (T.C.M.); (V.A.); (M.H.A.-S.); (F.A.L.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yang Y, Han W, Zhang A, Zhao M, Cong W, Jia Y, Wang D, Zhao R. Chronic corticosterone disrupts the circadian rhythm of CRH expression and m 6A RNA methylation in the chicken hypothalamus. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:29. [PMID: 35255992 PMCID: PMC8902767 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), the major secretagogue of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, is intricately intertwined with the clock genes to regulate the circadian rhythm of various body functions. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm, yet it remains unknown whether CRH expression and m6A modification oscillate with the clock genes in chicken hypothalamus and how the circadian rhythms change under chronic stress. RESULTS Chronic exposure to corticosterone (CORT) eliminated the diurnal patterns of plasma CORT and melatonin levels in the chicken. The circadian rhythms of clock genes in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary are all disturbed to different extent in CORT-treated chickens. The most striking changes occur in hypothalamus in which the diurnal fluctuation of CRH mRNA is flattened, together with mRNA of other feeding-related neuropeptides. Interestingly, hypothalamic m6A level oscillates in an opposite pattern to CRH mRNA, with lowest m6A level after midnight (ZT18) corresponding to the peak of CRH mRNA before dawn (ZT22). CORT diminished the circadian rhythm of m6A methylation with significantly increased level at night. Further site-specific m6A analysis on 3'UTR of CRH mRNA indicates that higher m6A on 3'UTR of CRH mRNA coincides with lower CRH mRNA at night (ZT18 and ZT22). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that chronic stress disrupts the circadian rhythms of CRH expression in hypothalamus, leading to dysfunction of HPA axis in the chicken. RNA m6A modification is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms in chicken hypothalamus under both basal and chronic stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Han
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijia Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mindie Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Jia
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyun Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chen W, Cai W, Hoover B, Kahn CR. Insulin action in the brain: cell types, circuits, and diseases. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:384-400. [PMID: 35361499 PMCID: PMC9035105 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery over 100 years ago, insulin has been recognized as a key hormone in control of glucose homeostasis. Deficiencies of insulin signaling are central to diabetes and many other disorders. The brain is among the targets of insulin action, and insulin resistance is a major contributor to many diseases, including brain disorders. Here, we summarize key roles of insulin action in the brain and how this involves different brain cell types. Disordered brain insulin signaling can also contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases, affecting brain circuits involved in mood and cognition. Understanding of insulin signaling in different brain cell types/circuits and how these are altered in disease may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to these challenging disorders.
Collapse
|
49
|
Nutrient Sensing via Gut in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052694. [PMID: 35269834 PMCID: PMC8910450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient-sensing mechanisms in animals' sense available nutrients to generate a physiological regulatory response involving absorption, digestion, and regulation of food intake and to maintain glucose and energy homeostasis. During nutrient sensing via the gastrointestinal tract, nutrients interact with receptors on the enteroendocrine cells in the gut, which in return respond by secreting various hormones. Sensing of nutrients by the gut plays a critical role in transmitting food-related signals to the brain and other tissues informing the composition of ingested food to digestive processes. These signals modulate feeding behaviors, food intake, metabolism, insulin secretion, and energy balance. The increasing significance of fly genetics with the availability of a vast toolbox for studying physiological function, expression of chemosensory receptors, and monitoring the gene expression in specific cells of the intestine makes the fly gut the most useful tissue for studying the nutrient-sensing mechanisms. In this review, we emphasize on the role of Drosophila gut in nutrient-sensing to maintain metabolic homeostasis and gut-brain cross talk using endocrine and neuronal signaling pathways stimulated by internal state or the consumption of various dietary nutrients. Overall, this review will be useful in understanding the post-ingestive nutrient-sensing mechanisms having a physiological and pathological impact on health and diseases.
Collapse
|
50
|
Naito M, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Moriwaki S, Narimatsu Y, Kato M, Furumitsu M, Miyamoto Y, Esumi S, Ukena K. Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neurotransmitters in Neurosecretory Protein GL-Producing Neurons of the Mouse Hypothalamus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020454. [PMID: 35203663 PMCID: PMC8962320 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently discovered a novel neuropeptide of 80 amino acid residues: neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), in the hypothalamus of birds and rodents. NPGL is localized in the lateral posterior part of the arcuate nucleus (ArcLP), and it enhances feeding behavior and fat accumulation in mice. Various neurotransmitters, such as catecholamine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), produced in the hypothalamus are also involved in energy metabolism. The colocalization of neurotransmitters and NPGL in neurons of the ArcLP leads to the elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of NPGL neurons. In this study, we performed double immunofluorescence staining to elucidate the relationship between NPGL and neurotransmitters in mice. The present study revealed that NPGL neurons did not co-express tyrosine hydroxylase as a marker of catecholaminergic neurons and vesicular glutamate transporter-2 as a marker of glutamatergic neurons. In contrast, NPGL neurons co-produced glutamate decarboxylase 67, a marker for GABAergic neurons. In addition, approximately 50% of NPGL neurons were identical to GABAergic neurons. These results suggest that some functions of NPGL neurons may be related to those of GABA. This study provides insights into the neural network of NPGL neurons that regulate energy homeostasis, including feeding behavior and fat accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mana Naito
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (M.N.); (E.I.-U.); (S.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (M.N.); (E.I.-U.); (S.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Shogo Moriwaki
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (M.N.); (E.I.-U.); (S.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Yuki Narimatsu
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (M.N.); (E.I.-U.); (S.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Masaki Kato
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (M.N.); (E.I.-U.); (S.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Megumi Furumitsu
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (M.N.); (E.I.-U.); (S.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Yuta Miyamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Shigeyuki Esumi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (M.N.); (E.I.-U.); (S.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|