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Choi B, Kim J, Kim Y, Shin J, Lee SA. Calcium- and Sodium-Rich Food Intake among Koreans with and without Metabolic Syndrome: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2439. [PMID: 39125321 PMCID: PMC11314467 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing. While calcium and sodium are known nutritional factors used for managing MetS, few studies have focused on food-based analyses. This cross-sectional study examined the distribution of calcium- and sodium-rich food intake among Koreans with MetS. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis evaluated 130,423 participants from the Health Examinees-Gem cohort study. Foods contributing up to 90% of the calcium and sodium intake were selected from the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and consumption levels were calculated. MetS was defined as satisfying three or more criteria from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. The results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with an interquartile range (ORIQR) and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Participants with MetS showed a low calcium intake (ORIQR = 0.95 and 0.92 for men and women, respectively), low consumption of dairy products (ORIQR = 0.92 and 0.89), beverages except for coffee or green tea (ORIQR = 0.97 and 0.96), and bread (ORIQR = 0.96 and 0.94). Men with MetS consumed high total sodium (ORIQR = 1.04), and large amounts of Kimchi (ORIQR = 1.03), fermented paste (ORIQR = 1.04), and noodles (ORIQR = 1.07). Women with MetS consumed more Kimchi than those without MetS (ORIQR = 1.04). The odds ratio for the low calcium and high sodium group compared to the high calcium and low sodium group was 1.26. CONCLUSION The MetS group consumed less calcium-rich foods and more sodium-rich foods than those without MetS. Patients with MetS might benefit from precise recommendations of high calcium-rich and low sodium-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonggeun Choi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (B.C.); (Y.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeonjin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (B.C.); (Y.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiae Shin
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (B.C.); (Y.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (B.C.); (Y.K.); (J.S.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
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Singh D, Ham D, Kim SA, Kothari D, Park YJ, Joung H, Lee CH. Urine metabolomics unravel the effects of short-term dietary interventions on oxidative stress and inflammation: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15277. [PMID: 38961128 PMCID: PMC11222465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary biomarkers in urine remain elusive when evaluating diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. In our previous study, we conducted a randomized controlled crossover trial to compare the short-term (4-weeks) effects of the balanced Korean diet (BKD) with Western diets, including the 2010 dietary guidelines for Americans (2010 DGA) and typical American diet (TAD), on various metabolic indices in obese Korean adults. Building on this work, the current research focuses on the impact of these dietary interventions on oxidative stress (d-ROMs and BAP) and inflammation (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1) biomarkers in serum, and the concurrent urine metabolomes. Each dietary regimen was in silico and experimentally examined for their antioxidant levels using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays, as well as total flavonoid (TFC) and total phenolic (TPC) contents. We assessed post-intervention variations in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in serum, as well as the urine metabolite profiles for the participants (n = 48, average age: 41 years). Antioxidant contents and associated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly higher for the recommended diets (BKD and 2010 DGA) compared to TAD (p < 0.05). Butanol extracts from recommended diets (BKD and 2010 DGA) showed significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to TAD in ABTS (p < 0.01), DPPH, and FRAP (p < 0.05) assays. Consistent results were observed in total phenolic and flavonoid contents, mirroring their respective antioxidant activities. Following the intervention period, oxidative stress & inflammation markers in serum varied marginally, however, the urine metabolite profiles were clearly demarcated for the BKD and Western dietary groups (PC1 = 5.41%). For BKD group, the pre- and post-intervention urine metabolite profiles were clearly segregated (PLS2 = 2.93%). Compared to TAD, urine extracts from the recommended dietary group showed higher abundance of benzoic acid & phenolic derivatives (VIP > 0.7, p < 0.05). Metabolites associated with oxidative stress were observed higher in the urine samples from Western dietary groups compared to BKD. Urine metabolomics data delineated the post-intervention effects of three dietary interventions which corroborates the respective findings for their effects on metabolic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digar Singh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, 246174, India
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Ham
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Division of Strategic Research, The Seoul Institute, Seoul, 06756, Republic of Korea
| | - Damini Kothari
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Yu Jin Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang J, Kim J, Kim H. Improvement and application of recommended food score for hypertension in Korean adults: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1400458. [PMID: 38946790 PMCID: PMC11211396 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1400458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Addressing dietary factors to lower blood pressure can be a crucial strategy at the population level to mitigate the risk of hypertension. In a prior investigation, a tailored food score was used as a dietary index relevant to hypertension among Korean adults. This current study aims to assess the association between the overall quality of the diet, taking into account more precise food components, and evaluate the risk of developing hypertension. Methods This prospective cohort study included 5,342 adults aged 40-70 without hypertension who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) from 2001 to 2016. The improved Recommended Food Score for Hypertension (iRFSH) is a modified version of the Recommended Food Score to assess the consumption of foods recommended in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet for Korean foods. A higher score reflects greater consumption of recommended foods, indicative of higher dietary quality. The maximum total score is 65. High blood pressure, which includes both hypertension and prehypertension, was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models to examine its prospective relationship with iRFSH. Results Among 2,478 males and 2,864 females with 10.8 mean years of follow-up, a higher score of iRFSH was associated with a lower risk of hypertension in the highest quintile compared to the lowest quintile [total: hazard ratio (HR): 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72, 0.87; female: HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.83]. Conclusion Higher iRFSH is associated with a lower incidence of hypertension. Our results suggest that the iRFSH may be a potential tool for assessing dietary quality and dietary patterns and predicting the risk of hypertension in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Hwang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea
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Chun DW, Kwon YJ, Heo SJ, Lee JW. Secular trends in dietary energy, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake among Korean adults, 2010-2020 KHANES. Nutrition 2024; 121:112360. [PMID: 38368797 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The composition and balance of macronutrient intake play key roles in promoting a longer lifespan. In this study, we aimed to investigate the secular trends in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes in South Koreans from 2010 to 2020. METHODS We examined the dietary nutritional intake of South Koreans using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 60,190 adults aged ≥19 y who completed the 24-h dietary recall interviews in a single day on all survey periods were included in this study. The outcomes included changes in macronutrient intake according to subgroups, such as age; sex; and the presence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, or heart disease, as well as energy intake from macronutrients. RESULTS The study population showed a significant decrease in total energy intake from 2010 to 2020, with a corresponding decrease in the percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates (p-values for trend < 0.001). Conversely, the proportions of energy intake from proteins and fats increased during the same period (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed variations in macronutrient intake trends according to age, sex, obesity status, and underlying diseases. The analysis of trends in energy intake from various fat subtypes, total sugar, and fiber revealed a decrease in the energy intake percentage of total sugar from 2016 to 2020 and an increase in the energy intake percentage of all fat subtypes and fiber from 2013 to 2020. CONCLUSIONS In the past 10 y, the dietary patterns in Korea have shifted toward the consumption of high-fat and high-protein diets with reduced carbohydrate intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Chun
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jae Heo
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yoon H, Seo J, Yoo SK, Kim PJ, Park J, Choe Y, Yang W. Updated general exposure factors for risk assessment in the Korean population. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:1013-1020. [PMID: 35422491 PMCID: PMC10733140 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increasing need to update the recommended values of Korean exposure factors for adults aged 19 and older, as using exposure factors developed over a decade ago could reduce risk assessment reliability. OBJECTIVE Exposure factor data have been compiled and standardized using the latest national statistical reports and academic literature, as well as studies conducted from 2016 to 2018. METHODS The updated data contained anthropometric parameters, inhalation rates, food and drinking water ingestion rates, and time-activity patterns and provided technical information on Koreans' exposure factors classified by sex, age group, per capita and general population, and doer-only for various exposure assessments. RESULTS Although the average life expectancy, body weight, body surface area, and inhalation rate increased slightly compared to the 2007 Korean Exposure Factor Handbook, differences various in food consumption were remarkable. Because of Asians' similar food preferences, the intake rate of grain products and vegetables in Koreans, Chinese, and Japanese contributed much toward total intake. Koreans spent half their times outdoors compared to Americans and Chinese. SIGNIFICANCE This study provided the currently updated exposure factor information for Koreans and could be compared with recommendations provided by exposure factor resources in various countries. IMPACT STATEMENT Exposure to environmental pollutants may significantly vary depending on the exposure factors related to human behaviors and characteristics. Therefore the exposure factors need to be continuously updated along with more extensive survey areas and improved measurement methods. We utilized the existing data with the aim to develop general exposure factors for risk assessment in Korean aged ≥19 years. Measurements and questionnaire surveys were also performed if there were no existing data. This study provided the currently updated exposure factor information for Koreans and could be compared to those of other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Yoon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkwan Seo
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Kyoung Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Je Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon Park
- Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngtae Choe
- Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Song J, Oh TJ, Song Y. Individual Postprandial Glycemic Responses to Meal Types by Different Carbohydrate Levels and Their Associations with Glycemic Variability Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Nutrients 2023; 15:3571. [PMID: 37630761 PMCID: PMC10459284 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate individual postprandial glycemic responses (PPGRs) to meal types with varying carbohydrate levels and examine their associations with 14-day glycemic variability using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in young adults. In a two-week intervention study with 34 participants connected to CGM, four meal types and glucose 75 g were tested. PPGRs were recorded for up to 2 h with a 15 min interval after meals. Data-driven cluster analysis was used to group individual PPGRs for each meal type, and correlation analysis was performed of 14-day glycemic variability and control with related factors. Participants had a mean age of 22.5 years, with 22.8% being male. Four meal types were chosen according to carbohydrate levels. The mean glucose excursion for all meal types, except the fruit bowl, exhibited a similar curve with attenuation. Individuals classified as high responders for each meal type exhibited sustained peak glucose levels for a longer duration compared to low responders, especially in meals with carbohydrate contents above 50%. A meal with 45% carbohydrate content showed no correlation with either 14-day glycemic variability or control. Understanding the glycemic response to carbohydrate-rich meals and adopting a meal-based approach when planning diets are crucial to improving glycemic variability and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Song
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - YoonJu Song
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea;
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Jafari F, Amini Kahrizsangi M, Najam W, Fattahi MR, Nouri M, Ghalandari H, Askarpour M, Hamidian Shirazi M, Akbarzadeh M. Association of plant-based dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome: baseline results from the Persian Kavar cohort study (PKCS). Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:291-301. [PMID: 36927309 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2187328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based diets (PBDs) have gained a positive reputation among experts as a solution to combat the epidemic of MetS. A total of 2225 healthy Iranian individuals aged 35-70 years were considered eligible to be included in this cross-sectional investigation. Various dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical assessments were conducted using standard, valid methods/tools. Relevant PBD scores were calculated using three a posteriori indices, including the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI (hPDI), and unhealthful PDI (uPDI). Our findings showed that women with the highest adherence to hPDI had a lower chance of MetS. Also, participants in the top tertiles of hPDI were more likely to have a lower risk of low serum HDL-c and abnormal glucose homeostasis. Additionally, a significant increasing trend was observed for low serum HDL-c across tertiles of uPDI. Our observations suggest that healthful-rich plant foods may have a protective effect against MetS, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Jafari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Masoud Amini Kahrizsangi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Wasiuddin Najam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamidian Shirazi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Park S, Chung S, Kim SA, Shin S. The "fruit and whole-grain" pattern is associated with a low prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among middle and older-aged Korean adults: Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018 data. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1201-1211. [PMID: 36911844 PMCID: PMC10002937 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is a well-known risk factor of various chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine dietary patterns and explore the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertriglyceridemia in the Korean adult population. We utilized a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018 database. From 47,217 subjects who participated in the survey between 2013 and 2018, only subjects over 40 years old were included. Subjects lacking 24-h recall data and data on hypertriglyceridemia and body mass index, and who had implausible energy intake were excluded. A total of 19,806 participants' data were analyzed. Dietary data were based on 24-h recall data, and dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis. Triglyceride levels greater than 200 mg/dl were considered hypertriglyceridemia, according to the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis. Three dietary patterns- "oil and fats & seasoning", "soybean paste and vegetable", and "fruit and whole-grain"- explained 7.9%, 6.3%, and 5.8% of variation in food intake, respectively. Comparing the lowest and highest dietary pattern score groups after adjusting for potential confounders revealed an inverse relationship between "fruit and whole-grain" dietary pattern and hypertriglyceridemia in men (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-0.82, p for trend <.0001); which was only marginal in women (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.58-1.07, p for trend: .628). A diet containing high proportions of fruit and whole-grain may have preventive effects on hypertriglyceridemia in middle and older aged Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoHyun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition Chung-Ang University Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Sangwon Chung
- Personalized Diet Research Group Korea Food Research Institute Jeollabuk-do Korea
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Department of Urban Society Research The Seoul Institute Seoul Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition Chung-Ang University Gyeonggi-do Korea
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Sekgala MD, Opperman M, Mpahleni B, Mchiza ZJR. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and the risk of metabolic syndrome in taxi drivers: A focus on street food. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1112975. [PMID: 36908907 PMCID: PMC9996058 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In South Africa, similar to other populous countries, the taxi industry is an important form of transportation that contributes to the country's development. As a result, minibus taxi driving is an occupation characterized by strenuous activities such as long hours of driving, limited rest, and challenges related to securing passengers, among several others. Consequently, to combat stress, some commercial drivers resort to smoking, overeating unhealthy food sold at transportation interchange areas (i.e., taxi ranks), and participating in sedentary behaviors. Most of these activities are risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Aim Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors that predispose South African taxi drivers who work in the Cape Town Metropole area to the risk of developing MetS. Methods This cross-sectional study used a convenient sampling method that included 185 male minibus taxi drivers aged 20 years or above. The participants were interviewed using a validated questionnaire to gather information regarding their sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle practices. They also underwent physical and metabolic assessments, and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were used to diagnose people with MetS. Results Overall, the mean age and driving experience of the taxi drivers were 40.0 years (SD: 10.7) and 9.1 years (SD: 7.4), respectively, with those with MetS being significantly older and having more driving experience than those without. Older participants were 3 and 2.9 times more likely to be diagnosed with MetS than the younger participants. Most taxi drivers (70%) met the IDF diagnostic criteria for MetS. Smokers, those who spent more than 100 ZAR (USD 5.9) and those who spent less than 1.4 MET-minutes per week on physical activity were 1.96, 2.0, and 13.6 times more likely to suffer from MetS that those who were nonsmokers, those who spent less than 100 ZAR and those who spent <1.4 MET-minutes per week on physical activity. Consumption of alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), as well as takeaway and fried foods, snacks, and sold by the SF vendors, increased the likelihood of developing MetS, abnormal HDL-C, TG, and hypertension, while avoiding takeaway and fried foods decreased this likelihood. Taxi drivers who also avoided consuming fresh fruits had abnormal HDL-C. Conclusion These findings have significant public health implications, highlighting the need for South African policymakers to adopt a system-level approach to promote lifestyle changes among taxi drivers within the taxi industry. This can help reduce the health risks faced by these drivers and improve their overall health profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machoene Derrick Sekgala
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Human and Social Capabilities, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maretha Opperman
- Functional Food Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Buhle Mpahleni
- Functional Food Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zandile June-Rose Mchiza
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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Goh Y, Choi JH. Genetic variation rs1121980 in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene ( FTO) is associated with dietary intake in Koreans. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8059. [PMID: 36590860 PMCID: PMC9793768 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is a well-known gene associated with body weight and obesity risk. Recent studies have suggested that genetic variations in FTO may play a role in the regulation of food preference and consumption. However, little is known with respect to Asian populations. Objective This study examined whether rs1121980 C > T in FTO is associated with food intake in Koreans. Design This study was performed using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (Ansan/Ansung cohort). Dietary intake was determined using the semi-food frequency questionnaire, and the FTO rs1121980 genotypes of 6,262 individuals (3,049 males and 3,213 females) were analyzed along with sex and body mass index (BMI). Result Genetic variation did not show a significant association with the population's energy-nutrient intake. However, female T allele carriers with BMI ≥ 25 consumed more blue fish and coffee, and their coffee creamer consumption was decisively higher than that of T allele non-carriers (P adjusted = 0.004). In males, the presence of the T allele showed a putative association with the consumption of sweets, snacks, and coffee creamer by the BMI level. Conclusion The FTO rs1121980 variation was associated with a preference for foods particularly high in fat (e.g. coffee creamer, blue fish, sweets, and snacks) in Koreans; these preferences varied by sex and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong-Hwa Choi
- Jeong-Hwa Choi, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseogu, Daegu 42601, Korea. Tel: +82-53-580-5913, Fax: +82-53-580-6286.
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11
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Kim JM, Bae YJ. Regional Differences in Metabolic Risk in the Elderly in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11675. [PMID: 36141947 PMCID: PMC9517405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle and dietary differences in urban and rural environments have different impacts on elderly health. We aimed to evaluate the nutritional intakes and metabolic risks in the urban and rural elderly. We analyzed 3018 elderly individuals (1358 men, 1660 women) who were aged 65 years and older using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2013-2016). Anthropometric data, blood pressure, and blood profiles were collected using health examinations. Daily dietary intakes were analyzed by the 24-h dietary recall method. Rural elderly women had significantly higher triglycerides (TG) levels and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels than urban elderly women (p = 0.014, p = 0.005). The rural elderly had higher carbohydrate intake and percentage of carbohydrate energy intake and lower intakes of fat, vitamin A, vitamin B2, and vitamin C and percentage of fat energy intake than the urban elderly for both men and women (p < 0.05). The odds of high TG and low HDL-cholesterol were 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-2.23) and 1.33 (95% CI 1.01-1.77), respectively, in elderly women living in rural areas compared to their urban counterparts, after adjusting for confounding factors. Therefore, nutritional intervention might be needed to improve the nutritional status of the elderly in rural areas and to manage low HDL-cholesterol in rural women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Myung Kim
- Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Science & Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu 11644, Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Bae
- Major in Food and Nutrition, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Korea
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12
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Association of Polygenic Variants with Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Their Interaction with Lifestyles in Asians. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153222. [PMID: 35956399 PMCID: PMC9370736 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, there has been a considerable growth in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Asians. A pathophysiological mechanism in Asian T2DM is closely linked to low insulin secretion, β-cell mass, and inability to compensate for insulin resistance. We hypothesized that genetic variants associated with lower β-cell mass and function and their combination with unhealthy lifestyle factors significantly raise T2DM risk among Asians. This hypothesis was explored with participants aged over 40. Participants were categorized into T2DM (case; n = 5383) and control (n = 53,318) groups. The genetic variants associated with a higher risk of T2DM were selected from a genome-wide association study in a city hospital-based cohort, and they were confirmed with a replicate study in Ansan/Ansung plus rural cohorts. The interacted genetic variants were identified with generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis, and the polygenic risk score (PRS)-nutrient interactions were examined. The 8-SNP model was positively associated with T2DM risk by about 10 times, exhibiting a higher association than the 20-SNP model, including all T2DM-linked SNPs with p < 5 × 10−6. The SNPs in the models were primarily involved in pancreatic β-cell growth and survival. The PRS of the 8-SNP model interacted with three lifestyle factors: energy intake based on the estimated energy requirement (EER), Western-style diet (WSD), and smoking status. Fasting serum glucose concentrations were much higher in the participants with High-PRS in rather low EER intake and high-WSD compared to the High-EER and Low-WSD, respectively. They were shown to be higher in the participants with High-PRS in smokers than in non-smokers. In conclusion, the genetic impact of T2DM risk was mainly involved with regulating pancreatic β-cell mass and function, and the PRS interacted with lifestyles. These results highlight the interaction between genetic impacts and lifestyles in precision nutrition.
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13
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Kwon YJ, Sung DI, Lee JW. Association among Premenstrual Syndrome, Dietary Patterns, and Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122460. [PMID: 35745189 PMCID: PMC9230049 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) adversely affects the physiological and psychological health and quality of life of women. Mediterranean diet (MD) could be helpful for managing and preventing PMS, but evidence on the association between dietary patterns and PMS in Asian women is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association of dietary patterns and adherence to MD with PMS in Korean women. This cross-sectional study recruited 262 women aged 20-49 years via an online survey. PMS was diagnosed using the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists diagnostic criteria. MD adherence was assessed using the Korean version of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener. Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) was classified into tertiles (T) (T1: 0-3, T2: 4-5, and T3: ≥6). Dietary pattern was assessed with the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between dietary pattern scores and PMS prevalence. The proportion of PMS was significantly lower in MDS tertile (T) 3 than in T1 (55.4% in T3 vs. 74.4% in T1, p = 0.045). After adjusting for confounders, participants in the highest tertile of the bread/snack pattern had a higher risk of PMS (odds ratio [95% CI]: 2.59 [1.32-5.06]), while traditional dietary pattern and meat/alcohol pattern were not associated with PMS. In conclusion, we found that low adherence to MD and higher bread/snack dietary pattern were associated with increased risk of PMS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea;
| | - Da-In Sung
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-102-949-5645
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14
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An S, Ahn C, Jang J, Lee J, Kang D, Lee JK, Park SK. Comparison of the Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Disorders and Comorbidities in Korea and the United States: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e149. [PMID: 35535376 PMCID: PMC9091432 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparison of the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs) and comorbidities in Korea and the United States (US) can be an important indicator for forecasting future risk of cardiovascular events in Korea. This study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korea and the US. METHODS A total of 15,872 individuals from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2014 and 26,492 from the Korea NHANES (KNHANES) 2007-2014 were included. Additionally, 164,339 (139,345 from the Health Examinees-Gem Study and 24,994 from the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study) participants enrolled in the Korea Genome and Epidemiology Study were included to investigate the differences of CMDs between urban and rural regions. To estimate the age-standardized prevalence of CMDs in individuals aged 40-69 years, direct standardization using the World Health Organization standard population was performed. RESULTS The prevalence of CMDs was lower in Korea than the US (hypertension 49.9% vs. 56.8%; DM 13.4% vs. 14.3%; hypercholesterolemia 16.8% vs. 17.8%; obesity 36.2% vs. 38.6%; and MetS 29.4% vs. 36.5%). According to the median survey years, dyslipidemia has become more prevalent in Korea than in the US since 2010. The prevalence of CMDs was greater in rural than that in urban areas in Korea. CONCLUSION The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Korea exceeded that of the US after 2010, which was associated with increasing burden of cardiovascular events. The present study suggests that further preventive strategies are needed to mitigate the prevalence of CMDs in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyung An
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choonghyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Koo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Tanisawa K, Ito T, Kawakami R, Usui C, Kawamura T, Suzuki K, Sakamoto S, Ishii K, Muraoka I, Oka K, Higuchi M. Association Between Dietary Patterns and Different Metabolic Phenotypes in Japanese Adults: WASEDA'S Health Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:779967. [PMID: 35155537 PMCID: PMC8829333 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.779967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have reported that a posteriori dietary pattern is associated with metabolic health, there is little evidence of an association between dietary patterns and different metabolic phenotypes. The present study aimed to examine the association between major dietary patterns and different metabolic phenotypes (metabolically healthy non-obese [MHNO], metabolically unhealthy non-obese [MUNO], metabolically healthy obese [MHO], and metabolically unhealthy obese [MUO]) in middle-aged and elderly Japanese adults. This cross-sectional study enrolled 2,170 Japanese adults aged ≥40 years. The four different metabolic phenotypes were determined based on the presence of obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The major dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis based on energy-adjusted food intake. Two dietary patterns were identified: the healthy dietary pattern, which was characterized by a high intake of vegetables, fruits, potatoes, soy products, mushrooms, seaweeds, and fish; and the alcohol dietary pattern, which was characterized by a high intake of alcoholic beverages, liver, chicken, and fish. The healthy dietary pattern was associated with the MHNO and MHO phenotypes (MUNO and MUO as reference groups, respectively), and the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) in the highest quartile of healthy dietary pattern score with the lowest quartile as the reference category were 2.10 (1.40–3.15) and 1.86 (1.06–3.25), respectively. Conversely, the alcohol dietary pattern was inversely associated with the MHNO and MHO phenotypes, while the multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) in the highest quartile of the alcohol dietary pattern score with the lowest quartile as the reference category were 0.63 (0.42–0.94) and 0.45 (0.26–0.76), respectively. There were no significant interactions between sex and healthy/alcohol dietary patterns in the prevalence of the MHNO and MHO phenotypes. In conclusion, the present study's findings suggest that major dietary patterns are associated with different metabolic phenotypes in middle-aged and elderly Japanese adults. These findings provide useful evidence for maintaining metabolic health through diet regardless of obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kumpei Tanisawa
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kawakami
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Chiyoko Usui
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamura
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Shizuo Sakamoto
- Faculty of Sport Science, Surugadai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Isao Muraoka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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16
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Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Hur HJ, Lee BK, Kim MS, Park S. Association Between Korean-Style Balanced Diet and Risk of Abdominal Obesity in Korean Adults: An Analysis Using KNHANES-VI (2013-2016). Front Nutr 2022; 8:772347. [PMID: 35127781 PMCID: PMC8811126 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.772347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is a critical factor for metabolic diseases, and specific eating patterns such as the Mediterranean diet help prevent metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between the modified Korean health eating index (MKHEI), including a Korean-balanced diet, and abdominal obesity risk according to genders in adults aged 20-64 years (4,886 males and 7,431 females), using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013-2016). Adjusted means and 95% confidence intervals of MKHEI scores and nutrient intake estimated using the 24-h recall method were calculated according to abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women) after adjusting for age, residence area, region, education, income, drinking status, smoking status, marital status, and exercise. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for abdominal obesity were measured according to MKHEI tertiles using logistic regression analysis while controlling for covariates. Individuals aged >50 years, married, below high school, lower-income, heavy alcohol drinkers, past and current smokers, and males living in the southern areas had a higher risk of abdominal obesity. In both genders, the scores of all MKHEI components were lower in the abdominal obesity group (n = 2,895) than in the control group (n = 9,422). Further, the scores of fruits with and without fruit juice and those of beans, including fermented beans, were lower in the abdominal obesity group only in females but not in males. Further, the scores of fast foods were higher in the abdominal obesity group than in the control group only in females. After adjusting for covariates, the adjusted OR for abdominal obesity was inversely associated with Korean balanced diet (KBD) related to KHEI scores. Unlike KBD, MKHEI of Western-style diet was not associated with abdominal obesity in either gender. In conclusion, KBD can lower the risk of abdominal obesity in females and should thus be recommended to prevent abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Yang
- Department of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Department of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Department of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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17
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Seo BY, Her ES. Regional disparities related to cardiovascular diseases and diet quality in Korean adults: based on the 2013–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:755-764. [DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.6.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changshin University, Changwon 51352, Korea
| | - Eun Sil Her
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changshin University, Changwon 51352, Korea
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18
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Kim HS, Jung SJ, Jang S, Kim MJ, Cha YS. Rice-based breakfast improves fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast, but breakfast skipping increases aromatic amino acids associated with diabetes prediction in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast: a randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:450-463. [PMID: 35919293 PMCID: PMC9314192 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.4.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Department of Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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19
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Mozaffari H, Jalilpiran Y, Suitor K, Bellissimo N, Azadbakht L. Associations between empirically derived dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among older adult men. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021. [PMID: 34558300 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally, and epidemiological studies have suggested a link between diet and cardiometabolic risk. Currently, the prevalence of CVD is rapidly increasing with an aging population and continues to contribute to the growing economic and public health burden. However, there is limited evidence available regarding dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in males ≥60 years. Factor analysis identified a "healthy" diet and an "unhealthy" diet as the two primary dietary patterns. Multivariable logistic regression was used for estimating the associations of identified dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors including anthropometric measures, blood pressure, glycemic biomarkers, lipid profile, and inflammatory biomarkers. A healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with decreased odds of high serum fasting blood sugar (FBS) (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.15-0.67; Ptrend=0.002), but increased odds of high serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.02-3.24; Ptrend=0.04). In comparison, an unhealthy diet was associated with increased odds of obesity (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.31-4.15; Ptrend=0.004) and high LDL-C (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.10-2.61; Ptrend=0.02). Thus, in older adults, adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern has a significant impact on clinically relevant risk factors for cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Mozaffari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Park JY, Kang CS, Seo HC, Shin JC, Kym SM, Park YS, Shin TS, Kim JG, Kim YK. Bacteria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Urine as a Novel Biomarker for Gastric Cancer: Integration of Liquid Biopsy and Metagenome Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184687. [PMID: 34572913 PMCID: PMC8468964 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer shows an improved prognosis when diagnosed in its early stage. However, non-invasive diagnostic markers for gastric cancer known to date have poor clinical efficacies. Many studies have shown that gastric cancer patients have distinct microbial changes compared to normal subjects. In the present study, we performed metagenome analysis using body fluid samples (gastric juice, blood, and urine) to investigate the distinct microbial composition using bacteria-derived EVs from gastric cancer patients. We could build diagnostic prediction models for gastric cancer with the metagenomic data and analyzed the accuracy of models. Although further validation is required to apply these findings to real clinical practice yet, our study showed the possibility of gastric cancer diagnosis with the integration of liquid biopsy and metagenome analysis. Abstract Early detection is crucial for improving the prognosis of gastric cancer, but there are no non-invasive markers for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer in real clinical settings. Recently, bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as new biomarker resources. We aimed to evaluate the microbial composition in gastric cancer using bacteria-derived EVs and to build a diagnostic prediction model for gastric cancer with the metagenome data. Stool, urine, and serum samples were prospectively collected from 453 subjects (gastric cancer, 181; control, 272). EV portions were extracted from the samples for metagenome analysis. Differences in microbial diversity and composition were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene profiling, using the next-generation sequencing method. Biomarkers were selected using logistic regression models based on relative abundances at the genus level. The microbial composition of healthy groups and gastric cancer patient groups was significantly different in all sample types. The compositional differences of various bacteria, based on relative abundances, were identified at the genus level. Among the diagnostic prediction models for gastric cancer, the urine-based model showed the highest performance when compared to that of stool or serum. We suggest that bacteria-derived EVs in urine can be used as novel metagenomic markers for the non-invasive diagnosis of gastric cancer by integrating the liquid biopsy method and metagenome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06973, Korea;
| | - Chil-Sung Kang
- Institute of MD Healthcare Inc., Seoul 03923, Korea; (C.-S.K.); (H.-C.S.); (J.-C.S.); (T.-S.S.)
| | - Ho-Chan Seo
- Institute of MD Healthcare Inc., Seoul 03923, Korea; (C.-S.K.); (H.-C.S.); (J.-C.S.); (T.-S.S.)
| | - Jin-Chul Shin
- Institute of MD Healthcare Inc., Seoul 03923, Korea; (C.-S.K.); (H.-C.S.); (J.-C.S.); (T.-S.S.)
| | - Sung-Min Kym
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Sejong Chungnam National University Hospital, Sejong 30099, Korea;
| | - Young-Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Tae-Seop Shin
- Institute of MD Healthcare Inc., Seoul 03923, Korea; (C.-S.K.); (H.-C.S.); (J.-C.S.); (T.-S.S.)
| | - Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06973, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-G.K.); (Y.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-2-6299-3147 (J.-G.K.); +82-2-2655-0766 (Y.-K.K.); Fax: +82-2-6299-1137 (J.-G.K.); +82-2-2655-0768 (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Yoon-Keun Kim
- Institute of MD Healthcare Inc., Seoul 03923, Korea; (C.-S.K.); (H.-C.S.); (J.-C.S.); (T.-S.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.-G.K.); (Y.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-2-6299-3147 (J.-G.K.); +82-2-2655-0766 (Y.-K.K.); Fax: +82-2-6299-1137 (J.-G.K.); +82-2-2655-0768 (Y.-K.K.)
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21
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A Western-style diet interacts with genetic variants of the LDL receptor to hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in Korean adults. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2964-2974. [PMID: 32698935 PMCID: PMC9886520 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of genetic risk scores (GRS) of LDLR, APOB and proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) SNP and plasma LDL concentrations and to identify lifestyle interactions with the GRS in Korean middle-aged adults. DESIGN Korean genome and epidemiology study (KoGES) was conducted to determine genetic variants and lifestyle factors, including nutrient intakes, in a retrospective hospital-based city cohort conducted by the Korean Center for Disease and Control during 2004-2013. SETTINGS Hospitals in Korea. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 40-77 years (n 28 445) without serious diseases. RESULTS Subjects with the major alleles (risk allele) of LDLR rs1433099 and rs11557092, APOB rs13306194 and PCSK9 rs11583723 had higher plasma LDL concentration by 1·20-folds than those with the minor alleles. Subjects with High-GRS (major alleles) of the four SNP had higher adjusted OR for plasma total and LDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations by 1·24-, 1·203- and 1·167-folds, respectively, but not HDL-cholesterol, than those with Low-GRS. Western-style flour-rich dietary patterns, but not balanced Korean-style and rice-based dietary patterns, had interactions with GRS to increase plasma LDL concentrations. Daily energy intake also interacted with GRS. In the high intake of Western-style flour-rich dietary patterns, carriers with High-GRS had much higher plasma LDL concentrations than the Low-GRS. With high energy intake, carriers with High-GRS had much higher plasma LDL concentrations than those with Low-GRS. CONCLUSIONS Adults with major alleles of four SNP are recommended to have low-energy intakes with a balanced Korean diet need to avoid high-energy intakes especially with Western-style flour-rich diet patterns.
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22
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Higher Dietary Inflammation in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study in Korea. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062033. [PMID: 34199231 PMCID: PMC8231973 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a risk factor for the onset and progression of schizophrenia, and dietary factors are related to chronic inflammation. We investigated whether the dietary inflammatory index (DII) is associated with schizophrenia in the Korean population. Of the 256 subjects who responded to the questionnaire, 184 subjects (117 controls; 67 individuals with schizophrenia) were included in this case-control study. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate the dietary intakes of the study participants. The energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) was used to assess the inflammatory potential of the participants' diets. Dietary intakes of vitamin C, niacin, and folate were significantly reduced in the patients with schizophrenia. The patients with schizophrenia had higher E-DII scores than the controls (p = 0.011). E-DII was positively associated with schizophrenia (odds ratio = 1.254, p = 0.010). The additional analysis confirmed that E-DII was significantly associated with schizophrenia, especially in the third tertile group of E-DII scores (odds ratio = 2.731, p = 0.016). Our findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia have more pro-inflammatory diets.
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Calling S, Johansson SE, Wolff M, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio versus non-HDL-C as predictors for ischemic heart disease: a 17-year follow-up study of women in southern Sweden. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:163. [PMID: 33820540 PMCID: PMC8020530 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A distorted blood lipid profile is an important risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) but the predictive ability of the different lipid measures has rarely been studied. Our aim was to examine and compare, in a large sample of women, the predictive ability of total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C) and non-HDL-C in relation to IHD, adjusted for age, exercise, smoking, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus. METHODS Between 1995 and 2000, a total of 6537 women aged 50-59 years from the Women's Health in Lund area (WHILA) study in southern Sweden were included and underwent a baseline examination. The women were followed through national registers for incidence of IHD during a mean follow-up of 17 years. The prediction accuracy was estimated through Harrell's C and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). RESULTS Increasing TC/HDL-C as well as non-HDL-C showed strong associations with IHD, with the highest risk in the 5th quintile, where the HR was 2.30 (95% CI: 1.70-3.11) for TC/HDL-C and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.25-2.24) for non-HDL-C, after adjustments. Comparisons using Harrell's C and AIC indicated that TC/HDL-C has a slightly higher predictive ability than that of non-HDL-C (Harrell's C 0.62 and 0.59 respectively, p = 0.003 for difference, age-adjusted model; AIC for TC/HDL-C < AIC for non-HDL-C). CONCLUSIONS TC/HDL-C ratio and non-HDL-C are both clinical predictors for IHD in middle-aged women. The results indicate that the predictive ability of TC/HDL-C was higher than that of non-HDL-C; however, non-HDL-C was linearly related to IHD (p = 0.58) and may be easier to calculate and interpret in clinical practice, for early identification of future IHD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Calling
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Region Skåne, Sweden.
| | - Sven-Erik Johansson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Moa Wolff
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Region Skåne, Sweden
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Kim HS, Jung SJ, Mun EG, Kim MS, Cho SM, Cha YS. Effects of a Rice-Based Diet in Korean Adolescents Who Habitually Skip Breakfast: A Randomized, Parallel Group Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030853. [PMID: 33807703 PMCID: PMC8002194 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, healthy eating habits are important, and regular meal intake has an especially positive effect on future health. However, the rate of skipping breakfast has gradually increased. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the positive effects of a rice-based breakfast in Korean adolescents who usually skip breakfast. In this open parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, 105 middle and high school students aged 12-18 years who habitually skipped breakfast were recruited. They were randomly divided into three groups: the rice meal group (RMG, n = 35), wheat meal group (WMG, n = 35), and general meal group (GMG, n = 35). The RMG and WMG received a rice-based breakfast and wheat-based breakfast, respectively, for 12 weeks. After a 12-week intervention, the body fat mass (p < 0.05) and body mass index (p < 0.05) in the RMG were significantly lower than those in the other two groups, and the stress score was also significantly lower in the RMG (p < 0.05). Moreover, after the intervention, in the RMG only, compared to baseline levels, the relative theta (RT) wave activity significantly decreased in eight electrode sites, and the relative alpha (RA) wave activity increased significantly. Eating a rice-based breakfast has positive effects on body fat accumulation and cognitive function in Korean adolescents. Furthermore, a rice-based breakfast plan that is preferred by adolescents should be developed to assist them in developing healthy eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (E.-G.M.)
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Eun-Gyung Mun
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (E.-G.M.)
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea;
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Soo-Muk Cho
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (E.-G.M.)
- Department of Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3822
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Wu X, Unno T, Kang S, Park S. A Korean-Style Balanced Diet Has a Potential Connection with Ruminococcaceae Enterotype and Reduction of Metabolic Syndrome Incidence in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020495. [PMID: 33546299 PMCID: PMC7913599 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with usual dietary patterns that may be involved in enterotypes. We aimed to understand the potential relationship of enterotypes and dietary patterns to influence metabolic syndrome in the Koreans. Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)-VI in 2014, metabolic parameters were also analyzed among the dietary patterns classified by principal component analysis in Korean adults. The fecal microbiota data of 1199 Korean adults collected in 2014 were obtained from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Enterotypes were classified based on Dirichlet multinomial mixtures (DMM) by Mothur v.1.36. The functional abundance of fecal bacteria was analyzed using the PICRUSt2 pipeline. Korean adults were clustered into three dietary patterns including Korean-style balanced diets (KBD, 20.4%), rice-based diets (RBD, 17.2%), and Western-style diets (WSD, 62.4%) in KNHANES. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was lowered in the order of RBD, WSD, and KBD. The participants having a KBD had lower serum C-reactive protein and triglyceride concentrations than those with RBD and WSD (p < 0.05). Three types of fecal bacteria were classified as Ruminococcaceae type (ET-R, 28.7%), Prevotella type (ET-P, 52.2%), and Bacteroides type (ET-B, 42.1%; p < 0.05). ET-P had a higher abundance of Prevotella copri, while ET-R contained a higher abundance of Alistipes, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. ET-B had a higher abundance of the order Bilophila (p < 0.05). Metabolism of propanoate, starch, and sucrose in fecal microbiome was higher in ET-P and ET-R, whereas fatty acid metabolism was enhanced in ET-B. Fecal microbiota in ET-P and ET-B had higher lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis activity than that in ET-R. The metabolic results of KBD and RBD were consistent with ET-R and ET-P’s gut microbiota metabolism, respectively. In conclusion, Korean enterotypes of ET-P, ET-B, and ET-R were associated with RBD, WSD, and KBD, respectively. This study suggests a potential link between dietary patterns, metabolic syndrome, and enterotypes among Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuangao Wu
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (X.W.); (S.K.)
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Suna Kang
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (X.W.); (S.K.)
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (X.W.); (S.K.)
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5345; Fax: +82-41-548-0670
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Syauqy A, Hsu CY, Lee HA, Rau HH, Chao JCJ. Association between Dietary Patterns and Kidney Function Parameters in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010040. [PMID: 33374257 PMCID: PMC7823384 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the association between dietary patterns and kidney function parameters in adults with metabolic syndrome in Taiwan. This cross-sectional study was undertaken in 56,476 adults from the health screening centers in Taiwan from 2001 to 2010. Dietary intake and dietary patterns were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and principal component analysis, respectively. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and uric acid were measured as clinical parameters of kidney function. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and kidney function parameters. After adjusting for confounders, the highest tertiles of the processed food–sweets dietary pattern and the meat–seafood–eggs dietary pattern were associated with increased BUN, creatinine, and uric acid but decreased eGFR (all adjusted p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the highest tertiles of the veggie–fruit–grains dietary pattern and the milk–dairy dietary pattern were associated with decreased BUN, creatinine, and uric acid but increased eGFR (all adjusted p < 0.05). A processed food–sweets dietary pattern or a meat–seafood–eggs dietary pattern is associated with worse kidney function parameters in adults with metabolic syndrome. In contrast, a veggie–fruit–grains dietary pattern or a milk–dairy dietary pattern is associated with better kidney function parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Syauqy
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. H. Soedarto, SH., Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Chien-Yeh Hsu
- Department of Information Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 365 Ming-Te Road, Peitou District, Taipei 11219, Taiwan;
- Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-An Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tamkang University, 151 Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiao-Hsien Rau
- Joint Commission of Taiwan, 5F, 31, Section 2, Sanmin Road, Banqiao District, New Taipei City 22069, Taiwan;
| | - Jane C.-J. Chao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6548); Fax: +886-2-2736-3112
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Ham D, Cho Y, Park MS, Park YS, Kim SY, Seol HM, Park YM, Woo S, Joung H, Lim DS. Inverse association of improved adherence to dietary guidelines with metabolic syndrome: the Seoul Metabolic Syndrome Management program. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:621-636. [PMID: 33282124 PMCID: PMC7683205 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.6.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The Seoul Metabolic Syndrome Management (SMESY) program is a 1-yr lifestyle modification program targeting metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Seoul residents. This study investigated the associations between adherence to dietary guidelines and MetS among the SMESY program participants. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data of 54,385 participants aged 20–64 yrs who completed the SMESY program in 2015, had information on adherence to dietary guidelines, and were not medicated for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia were analyzed. Participants underwent MetS screening and completed a lifestyle questionnaire including adherence to 10 dietary guidelines before and after participation. Participants were classified according to the number of MetS risk factors at baseline (MetS group, ≥ 3; risk group, 1–2; healthy group, none). Adherence to dietary guidelines was determined from the number of “yes” responses regarding the fulfillment of each guideline on ≥ 5 days/week. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between newly diagnosed MetS and changes in adherence to dietary guidelines. RESULTS In the MetS group, MetS prevalence decreased after the SMESY program (men, −41.9%p; women, −48.7%p), and all risk factors were significantly improved (P < 0.0001). All groups exhibited improved adherence to all dietary guidelines after participation (P < 0.0001). In the MetS group with positively changed adherence scores, the MetS prevalence decreased by −44.1%p for men and −49.5%p for women, whereas the prevalence in those with negative changes decreased by −38.1%p for men and −48.6%p for women. In the risk group, those with positively changed adherence scores had significantly decreased odds ratios (ORs) for newly diagnosed MetS compared with those with negative changes (OR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.80 for men; OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79–0.99 for women). CONCLUSIONS The SMESY program may effectively reduce the risk of MetS among adults with risk factors by improving adherence to dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Ham
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - YoungYun Cho
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,The Korean Dietetic Association, Seoul 07345, Korea
| | - Mi-Suk Park
- Metabolic Syndrome Management Center of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 02751, Korea
| | - Yun-Sug Park
- Metabolic Syndrome Management Center of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 02751, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Metabolic Syndrome Management Center of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 02751, Korea
| | - Hye-Min Seol
- Metabolic Syndrome Management Center of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 02751, Korea
| | - Yoo Mi Park
- Health Care Policy Division, Citizen's Health Bureau, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 04524, Korea
| | - Sunok Woo
- Health Care Policy Division, Citizen's Health Bureau, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 04524, Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- Metabolic Syndrome Management Center of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 02751, Korea.,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Kwon YJ, Lee HS, Park JY, Lee JW. Associating Intake Proportion of Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein with All-Cause Mortality in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103208. [PMID: 33096652 PMCID: PMC7589789 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the ideal ratio of macronutrients for increasing life expectancy remains a high priority in nutrition research. We aim to investigate the association between carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake and all-cause mortality in Koreans. This cohort study investigated 42,192 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) linked with causes of death data (2007–2015). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using the multivariable Cox proportional regression model after adjusting for confounders. We documented 2110 deaths during the follow-up period. Time to exceed 1% of the all-cause mortality rate was longest in participants with 50–60% carbohydrate, 30–40% fat, and 20–30% protein intake. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was 1.313 (1.031–1.672, p = 0.0272) for <50% carbohydrate intake, 1.322 (1.116–1.567, p = 0.0013) for ≥60% carbohydrate intake, 1.439 (1.018–2.035, p = 0.0394) for <30% fat intake, and 3.255 (1.767–5.997, p = 0.0002) for ≥40% fat intake. There was no significant association between protein intake proportion and all-cause mortality. We found a U-shaped association between all-cause mortality and carbohydrate intake as well as fat intake, with minimal risk observed at 50–60% carbohydrate and 30–40% fat intake. Our findings suggest current Korean dietary guidelines should be revised to prolong life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi 16995, Korea;
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.S.L.); (J.-Y.P.)
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.S.L.); (J.-Y.P.)
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2019-3480; Fax: +82-3462-8209
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Najafi M, Mozaffari H, Yahya Jalilpiran, Mokhtari P, Teymouri M, Faghih S. The associations between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among adults: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 40:300-308. [PMID: 33183554 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of death, worldwide. Although for decades the associations between individual foods and nutrients and CVDs have been investigated, little attention has been paid to dietary patterns. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the association between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors among Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 236 adults who attended public health centers. Dietary intakes were collected using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and biochemical biomarkers were measured using standardized methods. Dietary patterns derived using the factor analysis. Logistic regression assessed the odds of CVD risk factors across tertiles of data-driven dietary patterns. RESULTS We identified three dietary patterns. After adjusting for possible confounders, we observed that participants in the third category of the healthy dietary pattern (HDP) had lower odds of low HDL-C (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10-0.64) compared to those in the first category. Adherence to the mixed pattern was associated with increased odds of high serum TC in men only (OR = 3.69; 95% CI: 1.06-12.81). However, women with higher adherence to the Western dietary pattern (WDP) had higher odds of high serum TG (OR = 5.61; 95% CI: 1.69-18.59), and those with a greater adherence to HDP had lower odds of low HDL-C (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.07-0.98). CONCLUSION This study showed that adherence to HDP may protect against a low level of HDL-C, whereas mixed and Western-type diets may contribute to high serum TG levels. Future longitudinal studies are needed to assess the potential causality of the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Najafi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadis Mozaffari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Pari Mokhtari
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Maryam Teymouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Shahinfar H, Akbarzade Z, Djafari F, Shab-Bidar S. Association of nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome and its components in adults living in Tehran, Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1071-1079. [PMID: 33520824 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Identification of nutrient patterns (NPs) may be helpful to evaluate the overall quality of diet and its relation to metabolic syndrome (MetS). We investigated the association of major nutrient patterns with MetS and its components among apparently healthy adults living in Tehran. Methods We included 522 adults (24-83 years old) who referred to health centers in Tehran. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure glycemic indicators and lipid profile. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the 26 nutrient items were applied. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Results Three major nutrient patterns were identified: "Mono and disaccharides pattern", "Macronutrient pattern" and "Antioxidant pattern". After controlling for potential confounders, serum HDL (p < 0.001) increased across tertiles of "Antioxidant pattern". A significant inverse association was observed between adherence to "Antioxidant pattern" and odds of MetS (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.51, 3.69) in crude model which was disappeared after adjusting for age, sex, education, physical activity, smoking, marital status, energy and BMI. Moreover, we found that adherence to "Antioxidant pattern" was inversely related to odds of reduced levels of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.35). No association was found between "Mono and disaccharides pattern", "Macronutrient pattern", MetS and its components. Conclusions In general, adherence to "Antioxidant pattern "resulted in lower level of HDL concentrations. More studies are needed to investigate the possible causal relationship of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbarzade
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhang Djafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
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Ha K, Song Y, Kim HK. Regional disparities in the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and healthy dietary factors in Korean adults. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:519-531. [PMID: 33029291 PMCID: PMC7520562 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.5.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Regional disparities in dietary factors might be related to regional disparities in cardiometabolic health. Therefore, this study investigated the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and dietary factors with regional types in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS Based on data from the 2007–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the study included 39,781 adults aged ≥ 19 years who completed the dietary survey and a health examination. Healthy and unhealthy dietary factors (fat, sodium, fruit, and vegetable intakes) were evaluated using 1-day 24-h dietary recall method, as well as the use of nutrition labels with a questionnaire. RESULTS Of the participants, 48.7%, 36.0%, and 15.2% lived in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, respectively. Adults living in urban and rural had higher odds ratios (ORs) for obesity (OR for urban, 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.14; OR for rural, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.24) than adults living in metropolitan areas; these associations were significantly observed in middle-aged adults. Compared to metropolitan residents, rural residents had lower ORs for hypertension in middle-aged (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.96) and metabolic syndrome in older adults (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67–0.91). Regarding urban residents, a lower OR for diabetes in middle-aged adults (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.97) and a higher OR for hypertension in older adults (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02–1.39) were observed. Overall rural residents had higher ORs of excessive carbohydrate, low fruit, and high salted-vegetable intakes than metropolitan residents. Low fruit intake was positively associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension, after adjustment for regional type and other confounders in total participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that cardiometabolic risk and unhealthy dietary factors differ among regional types and age groups within Korea. Nutritional policy and interventions should consider regional types for prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - YoonJu Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
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Kim T, Oak CH, Jung MH, Jang TW, Kim J. High Serum Folate Concentration Is Associated with Better Lung Function in Male Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Who Are Current Smokers: Analysis of Nationwide Population-Based Survey. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082219. [PMID: 32722447 PMCID: PMC7468925 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate, folic acid, has a role in mitigating inflammatory reactions in the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the association of serum folate levels with lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Of the 8149 participants of the 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 311 subjects (192 males and 119 females) having COPD defined by the lower fifth percentile of the reference population were selected. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between serum folate level and lung function measurements. The association between the serum folate level and lung function in patients with COPD was evaluated using multivariable linear regression analysis after adjustment for age, sex, height, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, total calorie intake, residence, smoking status and smoking pack-years, education, and household income. The serum folate level showed a positive correlation with the predicted percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%). In males, a trend for a positive correlation with serum folate level was observed in predicted FEV1%, FEV1 value, predicted percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC%), FVC value, and peak expiratory flow (PEF). No significant correlation between the serum folate level and lung function in females was observed. In the multivariable linear regression model, the serum folate level was associated with an increase in predicted FEV1%, FEV1 value, predicted FVC%, FVC value, and PEF; however, the significance was only observed in males, especially among current smokers. High serum folate level was positively associated with lung function measurements in male COPD patients who were current smokers. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyun Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Goyang Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 10271, Korea;
| | - Chul-Ho Oak
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea; (C.-H.O.); (M.-H.J.); (T.-W.J.)
| | - Mann-Hong Jung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea; (C.-H.O.); (M.-H.J.); (T.-W.J.)
| | - Tae-Won Jang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea; (C.-H.O.); (M.-H.J.); (T.-W.J.)
| | - Jehun Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea; (C.-H.O.); (M.-H.J.); (T.-W.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-990-5820
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Lee HA, An H, Lee E. Dietary patterns related to cardiovascular disease based on reduced rank regression analysis of healthy middle-aged Koreans: data from the community-based Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:1159-1169. [PMID: 32338724 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary patterns (DPs) provide a comprehensive picture of the foods consumed by an individual. OBJECTIVES Using 12-y follow-up data from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES), we determined the associations of DPs with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) using reduced rank regression (RRR). METHODS This study analyzed the data of 7354 CVD-free subjects aged 40-69 y drawn from the community-based KoGES cohort. Based on the daily intake of 26 food groups at baseline, we identified DPs based on retinol, vitamin B-2 (riboflavin), and vitamin B-3 (niacin) intakes using RRR. The effects of the DPs on incident CVD were assessed using HRs with 95% CIs. Furthermore, using a marginal structural model, the association between DPs and incident CVD was evaluated after adjusting for time-varying confounders. RESULTS The incidence of CVD during the follow-up period was 3.7 per 1000 person-years (n = 274). The identified DP accounted for 28.99% of the variation in the response variables (i.e., the intake amounts of all 3 nutrients) and was characterized by high intakes of eggs, fish, milk, and dairy products. The effect of DP quintile on incident CVD differed by sex (Pinteraction = 0.03); the highest DP quintile was associated with a protective effect against the development of CVD in women (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.89), but not in men (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 0.82, 3.00), compared with the lowest quintile. Even after adjusting for time-dependent variables, the effect of DP on incident CVD was significant in women (HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.84), but not in men (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.71, 3.10). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified DPs related to CVD, and a DP characterized by high intakes of eggs, fish, milk, and dairy products protected against incident CVD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoin An
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - EunJin Lee
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Seo Y, Song HJ, Song YR. Fat-to-muscle ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:710-725. [PMID: 32030917 PMCID: PMC7296262 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study evaluated the associations of the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR) in Korean adults using nationally representative survey data. METHODS A two-stage stratified sampling method was reflected in a cross-sectional study involving a total of 13 032 participants aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) was used to evaluate IR and was calculated as follows: [fasting plasma glucose level (mg/dL) × fasting plasma insulin level (uIU/mL)]/405. MetS was defined using the 2006 International Diabetes Federation criteria, and FMR was measured using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and calculated as follows: total fat mass (kg) divided by total lean mass (kg). In addition, the optimal FMR cut-off values for detecting MetS and the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS risk were determined according to the FMR quartile and sex. RESULTS Among all participants, the proportion of women was 58.4%, and the mean age was 44.22 ± 0.26 years. The FMR significantly differed between men and women (0.30 ± 0.002 vs. 0.53 ± 0.003, respectively, P < 0.001), and the prevalence of MetS and IR gradually increased as FMR increased (P for trend: <0.001). The optimal FMR cut-off value for detecting MetS was higher in women than in men (0.555 vs. 0.336, respectively). The negative predictive value was the highest in normal-weight participants (0.9992 in women and 0.9986 in men), while the positive predictive value was the highest in obese participants (0.5994 in women and 0.5428 in men). Based on the derived cut-off FMR, a high FMR was associated with poor outcomes in terms of cardiometabolic risk markers (P < 0.001). The multivariable-adjusted ORs for MetS, abdominal obesity, and IR (HOMA-IR ≥ 3) were 5.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.39-6.52], 7.67 (95% CI: 6.33-9.30), and 3.25 (95% CI: 2.70-3.92), respectively, in men and 5.59 (95% CI: 4.66-6.72), 7.48 (95% CI: 6.35-8.82), and 2.55 (95% CI: 2.17-3.00), respectively, in women. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, a high FMR was significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS and IR. The present findings also showed that FMR can be a novel indicator for detecting the absence or presence of MetS, particularly in metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals and metabolically obese obese-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Gyun Seo
- Department of Family MedicineHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Hong Ji Song
- Department of Family MedicineHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Rim Song
- Department of Internal MedicineHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalDongan‐guAnyangGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
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Taddei C, Zhou B, Bixby H, Carrillo-Larco RM, Danaei G, Jackson RT, Farzadfar F, Sophiea MK, Di Cesare M, Iurilli MLC, Martinez AR, Asghari G, Dhana K, Gulayin P, Kakarmath S, Santero M, Voortman T, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, Bennett JE, Stevens GA, Paciorek CJ, Aekplakorn W, Cifkova R, Giampaoli S, Kengne AP, Khang YH, Kuulasmaa K, Laxmaiah A, Margozzini P, Mathur P, Nordestgaard BG, Zhao D, Aadahl M, Abarca-Gómez L, Rahim HA, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Acosta-Cazares B, Adams RJ, Agdeppa IA, Aghazadeh-Attari J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ahluwalia TS, Ahmad NA, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi N, Ahmed SH, Ahrens W, Ajlouni K, Alarouj M, AlBuhairan F, AlDhukair S, Ali MM, Alkandari A, Alkerwi A, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Amouyel P, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Anjana RM, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arku RE, Arlappa N, Aryal KK, Aspelund T, Assunção MCF, Auvinen J, Avdicová M, Azevedo A, Azizi F, Azmin M, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Belavendra A, Ben Romdhane H, Benet M, Benn M, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bhargava SK, Bi Y, Bienek A, Bikbov M, Bista B, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Bo S, Boehm BO, Boggia JG, Boissonnet CP, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Borchini R, Borghs H, Bovet P, Brajkovich I, Breckenkamp J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Bruno G, Bugge A, Busch MA, de León AC, Cacciottolo J, Can G, Cândido APC, Capanzana MV, Capuano E, Capuano V, Cardoso VC, Carvalho J, Casanueva FF, Censi L, Chadjigeorgiou CA, Chamukuttan S, Chaturvedi N, Chen CJ, Chen F, Chen S, Cheng CY, Cheraghian B, Chetrit A, Chiou ST, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Cho Y, Chudek J, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Crujeiras AB, Csilla S, Cui L, Cureau FV, D’Arrigo G, d’Orsi E, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder D, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Dennison E, Deschamps V, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Dobson AJ, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dragano N, Drygas W, Du Y, Duante CA, Duda RB, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elosua R, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Fattahi MR, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrari M, Ferreccio C, Ferrieres J, Föger B, Foo LH, Forslund AS, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, do Carmo Franco M, Franco OH, Frontera G, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gazzinelli A, Geleijnse JM, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea OF, Ghimire A, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Goltzman D, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Guallar-Castillón P, Guan OP, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gupta R, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Ha S, Hadaegh F, Haghshenas R, Hakimi H, Hambleton IR, Hamzeh B, Hantunen S, Kumar RH, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, Hayes AJ, He J, He Y, Hendriks ME, Henriques A, Herrala S, Heshmat R, Hill AG, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Hofman A, Homayounfar R, Hopman WM, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Huerta JM, Huhtaniemi IT, Huisman M, Hunsberger ML, Husseini AS, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Iacoviello L, Iannone AG, Ibrahim MM, Wong NI, Iglesia I, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Islam M, al-Safi Ismail A, Iwasaki M, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jafar T, James K, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jensen GB, Jeong SL, Jha AK, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel KH, Joffres M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joukar F, Józwiak J, Juolevi A, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kamaruddin NA, Kamstrup PR, Karki KB, Katz J, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva G, Keil U, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khateeb M, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim HC, Kim J, Kim YY, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Ko S, Kohler HP, Kohler IV, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, König J, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kowlessur S, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Kujala UM, Kurjata P, Kyobutungi C, Laamiri FZ, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lam TH, Lambrinou CP, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Latt TS, Laugsand LE, Lazo-Porras M, Lee J, Lee J, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Levitt NS, Li Y, Lilly CL, Lim WY, Lima-Costa MF, Lin HH, Lin X, Lin YT, Lind L, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Liu J, Loit HM, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lundqvist R, Lunet N, Ma G, Machado-Coelho GLL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Machi S, Madar AA, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magriplis E, Mahasampath G, Maire B, Makdisse M, Malekzadeh F, Malekzadeh R, Rao KM, Manios Y, Mann JI, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Manzato E, Marques-Vidal P, Martorell R, Mascarenhas LP, Mathiesen EB, Matsha TE, Mavrogianni C, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Mediene-Benchekor S, Mehdipour P, Mehlig K, Mehrparvar AH, Meirhaeghe A, Meisinger C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Merat S, Mereke A, Meshram II, Metcalf P, Meyer HE, Mi J, Michels N, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Mini GK, Miquel JF, Miranda JJ, Mirjalili MR, Mirrakhimov E, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohammad K, Mohammadi Z, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Yusoff MFM, Mohebbi I, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monterrubio-Flores E, Moosazadeh M, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Morin SN, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mota J, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Msyamboza KP, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Mursu J, Mustafa N, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Najafi F, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nauck M, Neal WA, Nejatizadeh A, Nenko I, Nervi F, Nguyen ND, Nguyen QN, Nieto-Martínez RE, Nihal T, Niiranen TJ, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Noale M, Noboa OA, Noto D, Nsour MA, Nuhoğlu I, O’Neill TW, O’Reilly D, Ochoa-Avilés AM, Oh K, Ohtsuka R, Olafsson Ö, Olié V, Oliveira IO, Omar MA, Onat A, Ong SK, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz PJ, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Pahomova E, Pajak A, Palmieri L, Pan WH, Panda-Jonas S, Panza F, Parnell WR, Patel ND, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pichardo RN, Pigeot I, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Piwonska A, Pizarro AN, Plans-Rubió P, Plata S, Pohlabeln H, Porta M, Portegies MLP, Poudyal A, Pourfarzi F, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price JF, Providencia R, Puder JJ, Puhakka SE, Punab M, Qorbani M, Bao TQ, Radisauskas R, Rahimikazerooni S, Raitakari O, Rao SR, Ramachandran A, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Revilla L, Rezaianzadeh A, Ribeiro R, Richter A, Rigo F, Rinke de Wit TF, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez M, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Roggenbuck U, Rojas-Martinez R, Romaguera D, Romeo EL, Rosengren A, Roy JGR, Rubinstein A, Ruidavets JB, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev HS, Sadjadi A, Safarpour AR, Safiri S, Saidi O, Saki N, Salanave B, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sans S, Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Santos DA, Santos MP, Santos R, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum KU, Savva SC, Sawada N, Sbaraini M, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Schargrodsky H, Scheidt-Nave C, Schienkiewitz A, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schöttker B, Schramm S, Sebert S, Sein AA, Sen A, Sepanlou SG, Servais J, Shakeri R, Shalnova SA, Shamah-Levy T, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shin DW, Shin Y, Shirani M, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöström M, Skaaby T, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Snijder MB, Söderberg S, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Sørensen TIA, Jérome CS, Soumaré A, Sozmen K, Sparrenberger K, Staessen JA, Stathopoulou MG, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stessman J, Stevanović R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Suárez-Medina R, Sun CA, Sundström J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szklo M, Tai ES, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tarawneh MR, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tell GS, Tello T, Thankappan KR, Thijs L, Thuesen BH, Toft U, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Torres-Collado L, Traissac P, Trinh OTH, Truthmann J, Tsugane S, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ulmer H, Unal B, Uusitalo HMT, Valdivia G, Valvi D, van Dam RM, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Minh H, van Rossem L, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Varona-Pérez P, Vasan SK, Vatten L, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Venero-Fernández SJ, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Vidiawati D, Viet L, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vlasoff T, Vollenweider P, Voutilainen A, Wade AN, Wagner A, Walton J, Bebakar WMW, Mohamud WNW, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wedderkopp N, Wei W, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wijga AH, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yan W, Yang X, Yasuharu T, Ye X, Yeow TP, Yiallouros PK, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff AF, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zali MR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Vrkic TZ, Zhang ZY, Zhao W, Zhen S, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhussupov B, Zoghlami N, Cisneros JZ, Gregg EW, Ezzati M. Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol. Nature 2020; 582:73-77. [PMID: 32494083 PMCID: PMC7332422 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular risk-changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
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Lee S, Lee HJ, Kim SC, Joo JK. Association between nutrients and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Korean women. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2020; 64:298-305. [PMID: 32555997 PMCID: PMC10522223 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between nutritional intake and metabolic syndrome in otherwise healthy middle-aged Korean women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Retrospectively, medical records were reviewed for nutritional intake of 2,182 Korean women who had undergone routine medical check-ups from 2010 to 2016 at Pusan National University Hospital. The patients who met diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome based on NCEP-ATPIII were included, and each of the patients was assessed through self-report questionnaires and individual interview with a health care provider. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for women in Republic of Korea was based on 2015 criteria discussed in Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans, organized by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. RESULTS Through univariate analysis, daily calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate consumption were significantly higher and exceeded RDA in the patients with metabolic syndrome; other than major nutrients, iron, vitamin B2, and niacin were also consumed in excess of the RDA in these patients. Multivariate analysis showed that carbohydrate consumption, along with protein and vitamin B2, were significantly higher in the patients with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION In middle-aged Korean women, high consumption of carbohydrates, along with protein and vitamin B2, was found to have a statistically significant association with the presence of metabolic syndrome. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(3):298-305.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sul Lee
- Pusan National UniversitySchool of MedicinePusan National University HospitalBusanKorea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Pusan National UniversitySchool of MedicinePusan National University HospitalBusanKorea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Chul Kim
- Pusan National UniversitySchool of MedicinePusan National University HospitalBusanKorea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Kil Joo
- Pusan National UniversitySchool of MedicinePusan National University HospitalBusanKorea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
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Kwon YJ, Lee H, Yoon Y, Kim HM, Chu SH, Lee JW. Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041102. [PMID: 32316107 PMCID: PMC7231050 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and mortality. Although various attempts have been made for estimating adherence to the MD using diet quality indices, few studies involving validated questionnaires for estimating adherence have been performed in Asian populations. We aimed to develop and validate the Korean version of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (K-MEDAS) by including 211 participants that visited health check-up centers and 116 participants with overweight or hypercholesterolemia that visited obesity clinic. The participants completed both the K-MEDAS and a 106-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We translated 13 questions and developed 1 question. Considering the agreement between the K-MEDAS and FFQ, nine of the 14 questions showed moderate or high kappa values (≥0.4). The total MD scores measured by the K-MEDAS and FFQ showed substantial concordance (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.678, 95% confidence interval: 0.520, 0.785). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed significant inverse associations between MD score and the levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, after adjusting for confounding variables. We found that K-MEDAS is valid tool for assessing adherence to the MD in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 16995, Korea;
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- Department of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Yooeun Yoon
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul 135-720, Korea;
| | - Hyung Mi Kim
- Department of food and nutrition, Dongduck Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea;
| | - Sang Hui Chu
- Department of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.H.C.); (J.-W.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-3257 (S.H.C.); +82-2-2019-3480 (J.-W.L.)
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.C.); (J.-W.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-3257 (S.H.C.); +82-2-2019-3480 (J.-W.L.)
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Oh J, Yun K, Chae JH, Kim TS. Association Between Macronutrients Intake and Depression in the United States and South Korea. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:207. [PMID: 32256414 PMCID: PMC7090018 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the risk for depression appears to be related to daily dietary habits, how the proportion of major macronutrients affects the occurrence of depression remains largely unknown. This study aims to estimate the association between macronutrients (i.e., carbohydrate, protein, fat) and depression through national survey datasets from the United States and South Korea. Association between the prevalence of depression and each macronutrient was measured from 60,935 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and 15,700 participants from the South Korea NHANES (K-NHANES) databases. When the proportion of calories intake by protein increased by 10%, the prevalence of depression was significantly reduced both in the United States [Odds Ratio, OR (95% CI), 0.621 (0.530-0.728)] and South Korea [0.703 (0.397-0.994)]. An association between carbohydrate intake and the prevalence of depression was seen in the United States [1.194 (1.116-1.277)], but not in South Korea. Fat intake was not significantly associated with depression in either country. Subsequent analysis showed that the low protein intake groups had significantly higher risk for depression than the normal protein intake groups in both the United States [1.648 (1.179-2.304)] and South Korea [3.169 (1.598-6.286)]. In the daily diet of macronutrients, the proportion of protein intake is significantly associated with the prevalence of depression. These associations were more prominent in adults with insufficient protein intake, and the pattern of association between macronutrients and depression in Asian American and South Korean populations were similar. Our findings suggest that the proportion of macronutrients intake in everyday life may be related to the occurrence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyongsik Yun
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
- Bio-Inspired Technologies and Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Taddei C, Jackson R, Zhou B, Bixby H, Danaei G, Di Cesare M, Kuulasmaa K, Hajifathalian K, Bentham J, Bennett JE, Aekplakorn W, Cifkova R, Dallongeville J, DeBacquer D, Giampaoli S, Gudnason V, Khang YH, Laatikainen T, Mann J, Marques-Vidal P, Mensah GA, Müller-Nurasyid M, Ninomiya T, Petkeviciene J, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Servais J, Söderberg S, Stavreski B, Wilsgaard T, Zdrojewski T, Zhao D, Stevens GA, Savin S, Cowan MJ, Riley LM, Ezzati M, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Ahrens W, Amouyel P, Amuzu A, Anderssen SA, Ariansen I, Arveiler D, Aspelund T, Auvinen J, Avdicová M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Barbagallo CM, Bata I, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Bennett JE, Bernotiene G, Bi Y, Bienek A, Björkelund C, Bo S, Boehm BO, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Borchini R, Borghs H, Breckenkamp J, Brenner H, Bruno G, Busch MA, Cabrera de León A, Capuano V, Casanueva FF, Casas JP, Caserta CA, Censi L, Chen F, Chen S, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Cho Y, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Cooper C, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Crujeiras AB, Cui L, D'Arrigo G, Dallongeville J, Dauchet L, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, De Smedt D, Dennison E, Deschamps V, DiCastelnuovo A, Dobson AJ, Donfrancesco C, Döring A, Drygas W, Du Y, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eggertsen R, Ekelund U, Elosua R, Eriksson JG, Evans A, Faeh D, Felix-Redondo FJ, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrari M, Ferrieres J, Finn JD, Forslund AS, Forsner M, Frontera G, Fujita Y, Gaciong Z, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gates L, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Goltzman D, GonzalezGross M, Gottrand F, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Guallar-Castillón P, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guessous I, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gutzwiller F, Hardy R, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, Hayes AJ, He J, He Y, Herrala S, TapaniHihtaniemi I, Hobbs M, Hopman WM, MaríaHuerta J, Huybrechts I, Iacoviello L, Iannone AG, Ikeda N, Iwasaki M, Jackson R, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jennings G, Jeong SL, QiangJiang C, Joffres M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jóźwiak J, Kajantie EO, Kauhanen J, Keil U, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kersting M, Khang YH, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Kim J, Kim YY, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Ko S, Kolle E, Korpelainen R, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Krokstad S, Kujala UM, Kurjata P, Kuulasmaa K, Laatikainen T, HingLam T, Lanska V, Lappas G, Laugsand LE, Lee J, Lehtimäki T, Li Y, Lilly CL, Lin X, Lind L, Lissner L, Liu J, Lopez-Garcia E, Lorbeer R, EugenioLozano J, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lundqvist R, Lytsy P, Ma G, Machi S, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Mann J, Manzato E, Marques-Vidal P, Mathiesen EB, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, Meirhaeghe A, Meisinger C, Metcalf P, Mi J, Miller JC, Moreno LA, Morin S, Mossakowska M, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Mursu J, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nauck M, MariaNavarrete-Muñoz E, Neal WA, Nenko I, Niiranen TJ, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Noale M, Norie S, Noto D, O'Neill T, O'Reilly D, Oh K, Olafsson Ö, MichelPaccaud F, Pajak A, Palmieri L, Panza F, Parnell WR, Peltonen M, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Pigeot I, Pilotto L, Piwonska A, Plans-Rubió P, Porta M, Price JF, Puder JJ, Puhakka SE, Radisauskas R, Raitakari O, Ramos R, Redon J, Rigo F, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez M, Romaguera D, Ronkainen K, Rosengren A, Roy JGR, Ruidavets JB, Rutkowski M, Salanave B, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sans S, Saramies JL, Saum KU, Scheidt-Nave C, Schienkiewitz A, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schöttker B, Sebert S, Sen A, Servais J, Shaw JE, Shibuya K, WookShin D, Shiri R, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöström M, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Söderberg S, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Soumare A, Staessen JA, Stathopoulou MG, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Sundström J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Tamosiunas A, JooTan E, Taylor A, Tell G, Thijs L, Tolonen H, Topór-Madry R, JoséTormo M, Torrent M, Tsugane S, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Tzourio C, Uusitalo HMT, Van Herck K, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Vatten L, Vega T, Veronesi G, Vioque J, Virtanen J, Visvikis-Siest S, Vollenweider P, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Wagner A, Wagner A, Wang MD, Wang Q, XingWang Y, Wannamethee SG, Wei W, Whincup PH, Wiecek A, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong A, Woodward M, GiwercmanWu A, Wu FC, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yan W, Yang X, Ye X, Yoshihara A, Zambon S, Zdrojewski T, Zhao D, Zhao W. National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:173-192. [PMID: 31321439 PMCID: PMC7245049 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. METHODS We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. RESULTS Since ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. CONCLUSIONS HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.
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The Effect of High Carbohydrate-to-fat Intake Ratios on Hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia Risk and HDL-cholesterol Levels over a 12-year Follow-up. Sci Rep 2020; 10:913. [PMID: 31969639 PMCID: PMC6976611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the strong correlation between carbohydrate and fat intake, we defined and assessed the association of the carbohydrate-to-fat ratio with the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level using 12-year follow-up data from the community-based cohort of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. We evaluated the long-term changes in HDL-c levels according to quartiles of carbohydrate-to-fat ratio using a mixed model. We also assessed the effect of the carbohydrate-to-fat ratio on the prevalence and incidence of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia. Of 6,627 subjects, the prevalence of undiagnosed hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia at baseline was 35.3% (n = 2,339). Among the disease-free subjects, 56.8% developed hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (incidence = 92/1,000 person-years). The prevalence and incidence of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia were higher in females than in males. The highest carbohydrate-to-fat ratio quartile, which was characterized by high and low intake of carbohydrate and fat, was consistently associated with a lower HDL-c level during the 12-year follow up. Moreover, those in the highest quartile had a 1.14-fold greater risk of incident hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia than those in the lowest quartile, with a significant dose-response relationship. We found that high and low intake of carbohydrate and fat, respectively, was consistently associated with a low HDL-c level over a prolonged period. More research is needed to promote appropriate intake of macronutrients.
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Kim SA, Shin S, Ha K, Hwang Y, Park YH, Kang MS, Joung H. Effect of a balanced Korean diet on metabolic risk factors among overweight/obese Korean adults: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3023-3035. [PMID: 31927671 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was to see the effects of a balanced Korean diet (BKD) on metabolic risk factors in overweight or obese Korean adults, comparing with those of a typical American diet (TAD) and a diet recommended by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2010DGA). METHODS The study was designed as a randomized crossover controlled trial, in which 61 overweight or obese volunteers were divided into six groups and each consumed the BKD, 2010DGA, and TAD in a random order for 4 weeks separated by 2-week washout intervals. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, blood lipid content, fasting blood glucose, and blood insulin level were measured at the beginning and end of each diet period. RESULTS A total of 54 participants completed the trial. The BKD caused more significant reductions of body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), body fat percent (p < 0.001), blood total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p = 0.007) compared with the 2010DGA or TAD (all p values for differences between diets < 0.05). All three diets significantly lowered blood triglyceride levels (p < 0.05). The BKD decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = 0.001) and increased fasting blood glucose (p = 0.018), whereas TAD and 2010DGA increased HDL cholesterol and did not affect blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the BKD significantly decreased the proportion of individuals with elevated total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.01), whereas the 2010DGA significantly reduced the number of obese individuals (p < 0.05), and the TAD decreased the number of participants with elevated triglyceride levels (p < 0.05), but increased that of those with elevated LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The Korean diet based on dietary guidelines improved metabolic risk factors such as BMI, body fat percent, and blood lipid profiles in overweight or obese Korean adults. These results provide evidence to recommend the Korean diet for preventing various metabolic diseases. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) in Korea, the primary registry of the World Health Organization (WHO) international clinical trial registry platform, under number KCT0002437.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ah Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Korea
| | - Kyungho Ha
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young Hwang
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Park
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Min-Sook Kang
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Kim SA, Lim K, Shin S. Associations between Low-Carbohydrate Diets from Animal and Plant Sources and Dyslipidemia among Korean Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:2041-2054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fabiani R, Naldini G, Chiavarini M. Inaccurate data in meta-analysis ‘Metabolic syndrome and dietary patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies’. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:3381-3382. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dietary Patterns Independent of Fast Food Are Associated with Obesity among Korean Adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2014. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112740. [PMID: 31726687 PMCID: PMC6893752 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the multifaceted aspects of fast food consumption and dietary patterns for their effects on obesity. We examined the independent associations of obesity with fast food consumption and dietary pattern in Korean adults using a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. A total of 19,017 adults aged 19–64 years participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2014. Fast food items were removed from diet and then dietary patterns were generated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the odds of overweight/obesity and central obesity according to fast food consumption and dietary patterns. Fast food consumers were about 10% of Korean adults. Both the “White rice and kimchi” pattern and “Meat and alcohol” pattern were associated with low intakes of fiber, calcium, vitamin C, grains, fruit, and milk (p < 0.05). Fast food consumers had higher “Meat and alcohol” and “Grains, fruit, and milk” patterns, and they had a lower “White rice and kimchi” pattern than non-fast food-consumers. Fast food consumers were not associated with overweight/obesity, whereas participants with the “Meat and alcohol” pattern had 14% higher overweight/obesity (95% CI: 1.01, 1.28) and 16% higher central obesity (95% CI: 1.00, 1.34). Fast food consumption was not directly associated with obesity, whereas the “Meat and alcohol” pattern had independent associations with overweight/obesity and central obesity among Korean adults.
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Shin JH, Jung S, Kim SA, Kang MS, Kim MS, Joung H, Hwang GS, Shin DM. Differential Effects of Typical Korean Versus American-Style Diets on Gut Microbial Composition and Metabolic Profile in Healthy Overweight Koreans: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2450. [PMID: 31615057 PMCID: PMC6835328 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Westernized diet has been associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, whereas a Korean diet has been reported to exert beneficial effects on health in several studies. However, the effects of Western and Korean diets on the gut microbiome and host metabolome are unclear. To examine the diet-specific effects on microbiome and metabolome, we conducted a randomized crossover clinical trial of typical Korean diet (TKD), typical American diet (TAD), and recommended American diet (RAD). The trial involved a 4-week consumption of an experimental diet followed by a 2-week interval before diet crossover. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis identified 16, 10, and 14 differential bacteria genera specific to TKD, RAD, and TAD, respectively. The Firmucutes-Bacteroidetes ratio was increased by TKD. Nuclear magnetic resonance metabolome profiling revealed that TKD enriched branched chain amino acid metabolism, whereas ketone body metabolism was evident in RAD and TAD. Microbiome and metabolome responses to the experimental diets varied with individual enterotypes. These findings provide evidence that the gut microbiome and host metabolome rapidly respond to different cultural diets. The findings will inform clarification of the diet-related communication networks of the gut microbiome and host metabolome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Group of Healthcare, Research division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Min-Sook Kang
- Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea.
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institution of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Rodríguez-Monforte M, Flores-Mateo G, Barrio F, Costa B, Sánchez E. Metabolic syndrome and dietary patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies-reply. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:3383-3386. [PMID: 31485736 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Rodríguez-Monforte
- Blanquerna School of Health Science, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Flores-Mateo
- Catalan Diabetes Prevention Research Group, IDIAP Jordi Gol, 43202, Reus, Spain
| | - Francisco Barrio
- Catalan Diabetes Prevention Research Group, IDIAP Jordi Gol, 43202, Reus, Spain
| | - Bernardo Costa
- Catalan Diabetes Prevention Research Group, IDIAP Jordi Gol, 43202, Reus, Spain
| | - Emília Sánchez
- Blanquerna School of Health Science, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
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Yang YM, Shin BC, Son C, Ha IH. An analysis of the associations between gender and metabolic syndrome components in Korean adults: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:67. [PMID: 31248408 PMCID: PMC6598235 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the associations between gender and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) components among Korean adults by age and body mass index (BMI) subgroups. METHODS This study obtained data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015, a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey conducted by the Korean Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. RESULTS Of the 11,136 subjects included in this study, there were 4627 (41.5%) men and 6509 (58.5%) women. Compared to women, men were at higher risks of hypertension (HTN) (odds ratio [OR], 1.508; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.320-1.723), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR, 1.638; 95% CI, 1.333-2.013), prediabetes (OR, 1.549; 95% CI, 1.355-1.771), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.466; 95% CI, 2.097-2.900), but at lower risks of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR, 0.346; 95% CI, 0.307-0.390) and high waist circumference (WC) (OR, 0.780; 95% CI, 0.647-0.940). Among subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2, the risks of HTN, DM, prediabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia were higher in men than in women, whereas the risks of low HDL level and high WC were lower in men. Similarly, among subjects with BMI ≥25 kg/m2, compared to women, men were at higher risks of HTN, DM, prediabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia, but at lower risks of low HDL level. CONCLUSIONS The difference in the prevalence of MS components between men and women can be partially explained by the different effects of gender on the etiology of MS components. The results showed that gender was likely to contribute to an increase in the prevalence of MS components. HTN, DM, prediabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia were more prevalent in men than in women, whereas the prevalence of low HDL level and high WC were higher in women than in men. Similar results were found in subgroup analyses by age and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-Ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 Korea
| | - Byung-Cheul Shin
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chihyoung Son
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, 3F JS Tower, 538 Gangnam-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06110 Republic of Korea
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Oh C, No J. The Quality of a Traditional Dietary Pattern in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly South Koreans. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 27:254-261. [PMID: 31089571 PMCID: PMC6513305 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.4.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most beneficial dietary pattern in managing metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the elderly has not been ascertained. The aim of this study is to classify dietary patterns and to examine associations between dietary pattern, MetS and body composition in elderly Koreans. Methods This study was conducted among Koreans 65 years or older using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009. A total of 1,567 study subjects were included. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 20.0 and dietary patterns were classified by cluster analysis. Results There were three dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in this study. We observed that most South Korean elderly still maintain a traditional dietary pattern. Dietary patterns were classified as balanced (31%), imbalanced (40%), or very imbalanced (30%), with the majority of subjects having an unbalanced diet pattern in which their total energy and nutrient intake was insufficient compared with the Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans. Those in the very imbalanced group had a ratio of macronutrients (carbohydrates:fats:protein) of 81.15:7.18:11.50 and a 54% higher likelihood of having hypertriglyceridemia (P=0.025) compared with those in the balanced group. Conclusion The current findings indicate that the diets of South Korean elderly are nutritionally imbalanced, including high carbohydrate consumption, which confers a high risk hypertriglyceridemia. These findings highlight the effect of nutritional imbalance in elderly with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorong Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jaekyung No
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
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Shin J, Ham D, Shin S, Choi SK, Paik HY, Joung H. Effects of lifestyle-related factors on ischemic heart disease according to body mass index and fasting blood glucose levels in Korean adults. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216534. [PMID: 31091295 PMCID: PMC6519900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of lifestyle-related factors on ischemic heart disease (IHD) according to body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels among Korean adults. METHODS A total of 119,929 men and 89,669 women (from National Sample Cohort version 2.0, National Health Insurance Service) aged ≥20 years who were examined during 2003-2006 and had no preexisting type 2 diabetes or circulatory diseases were followed until December 2015 to confirm IHD incident cases. Data on lifestyle-related factors (BMI, FBG, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity) were collected at baseline. Lifestyle-related risk factors were defined as mainly vegetable/mainly meat diet, former/current smoking, alcohol consumption ≥3 times/week, and no physical activity. Associations between these factors and IHD were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS High BMI (≥25 kg/m2), high FBG (≥100 mg/dL), mainly meat diet, and former/current smoking were associated with increased risk for IHD. Alcohol consumption ≤twice/week and physical activity ≤twice/week were associated with lower risk of IHD. With increased lifestyle-related risk factors, the risk of IHD also increased in women (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.18-4.73) and men (HR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.48-1.85). This increase was larger in women, with a significant sex interaction (p = 0.0001). Significant interactions between BMI and alcohol consumption (p = 0.0002) and between BMI and physical activity (p = 0.0063) were observed. Interactions were seen between FBG level and meal type in both BMI<25 kg/m2 (p = 0.0106) and BMI≥25 kg/m2 (p = 0.0281) and between FBG level and alcohol consumption in BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (p = 0.0118). CONCLUSIONS The impact of lifestyle-related factors on IHD was more pronounced in women than in men and may be modified by BMI and FBG level among Korean adults. This might be taken into account when planning individual interventions to reduce IHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiae Shin
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Ham
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HJ); (SS)
| | - Seul Ki Choi
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hee-Young Paik
- Centered for Gendered Innovation in Science and Technology Research (GISTeR), Korea Federation of Women’s Science & Technology Associations, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HJ); (SS)
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Choi E, Kim SA, Joung H. Relationship between Obesity and Korean and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns: A Review of the Literature. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 28:30-39. [PMID: 31089577 PMCID: PMC6484937 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2019.28.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for various chronic diseases. Among the various risk factors for obesity, diet is one of the most modifiable. This study aimed to review current research on the association between obesity and the Korean diet compared with the Mediterranean diet. An electronic literature search was conducted using Medline and Embase. Totals of 10 and 17 studies were included in this review for the Korean dietary pattern (KDP) and the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP), respectively. These studies mainly applied factor analysis for the KDP and index analysis for the MDP. Only one of 10 KDP articles reported a significant inverse association with obesity, while most MDP studies showed a preventive association with obesity. There are a limited number of KDP studies compared with MDP studies, and the methods of deriving the dietary patterns are different between the KDP and MDP. To produce more conclusive evidence on the association between the KDP and obesity, well-designed and controlled trials or large prospective cohort studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Choi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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