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González LPF, Rodrigues FDS, Jantsch J, Fraga GDF, Squizani S, Castro LFDS, Correia LL, Neto JP, Giovenardi M, Porawski M, Guedes RP. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on anxiety-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in Wistar rats following cafeteria diet-induced obesity. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:172-183. [PMID: 36657165 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2168229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjetives: Omega-3 (n3) fatty acids have been studied as an option to alleviate the harmful effects of obesity. However, its role in obesity-related behavioral changes is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of n3 on behavior and neuroinflammation in obese animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control diet (CT), CT+n3, cafeteria diet (CAF), and CAF+n3. Diet was administered for 13 weeks, and n3 was supplemented during the last 5 weeks. Metabolic and biochemical parameters were evaluated, as well as anxiety-like behaviors. Immunoblots were conducted in the animals' cerebral cortex and hippocampus to assess changes in neuroinflammatory markers.Results: CAF-fed animals showed higher weight gain, visceral adiposity, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels, and n3 improved the lipid profile and restored insulin sensitivity. CAF-fed rats showed anxiety-like behaviors in the open field and light-dark box tasks but not in the contextual aversive conditioning. Omega-3 did not exert any effect on these behaviors. Regarding neuroinflammation, diet and supplementation acted in a region-specific manner. In the hippocampus, CAF reduced claudin-5 expression with no effect of n3, indicating a brain-blood barrier disruption following CAF. Furthermore, in the hippocampus, the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) were reduced in treated obese animals. However, n3 could not reverse the TLR-4 expression increase in the cerebral cortex.Discussion: Although n3 may protect against some neuroinflammatory manifestations in the hippocampus, it does not seem sufficient to reverse the increase in anxiolytic manifestations caused by CAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Paola Facciola González
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Farias Fraga
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Samia Squizani
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Dos Santos Castro
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lídia Luz Correia
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Pereira Neto
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Kmita H, Pinna G, Lushchak VI. Potential oxidative stress related targets of mitochondria-focused therapy of PTSD. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1266575. [PMID: 38028782 PMCID: PMC10679466 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1266575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains a highly prevalent, under-diagnosed, and under-treated psychiatric disorder that often deteriorates over time, and is highly comorbid with major depressive disorder, suicidality, and substance use disorder. Several biomarkers have been proposed but have yet to be implemented into clinical practice. Treatments, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are efficacious in only a small number of patients, which underscores the need to develop novel, efficient treatments. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from chronic oxidative stress has been linked with both altered neurotransmitter signaling and the inflammatory response. Hereinafter, we discuss mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the development of PTSD symptoms, and how these may even increase PTSD susceptibility. We also highlight possible therapeutic targets to reduce oxidative stress to prevent or treat PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kmita
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Graziano Pinna
- Psychiatric Institute (SPHPI), Chicago, IL, United States
- UI Center on Depression and Resilience (UICDR), Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Majeed U, Shafi A, Majeed H, Akram K, Liu X, Ye J, Luo Y. Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) phytochemicals and their biochemical protective mechanisms against leading pathologies. Food Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shishmanova-Doseva M, Atanasova D, Ioanidu L, Uzunova Y, Atanasova M, Peychev L, Tchekalarova J. The anticonvulsant effect of chronic treatment with topiramate after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus is accompanied by a suppression of comorbid behavioral impairments and robust neuroprotection in limbic regions in rats. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 134:108802. [PMID: 35792414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a widespread neurological disorder frequently associated with a lot of comorbidities. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the antiseizure medication topiramate (TPM) on spontaneous motor seizures, the pathogenesis of comorbid mood and cognitive impairments, hippocampal neuronal loss, and oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Vehicle/TPM treatment (80 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 3 h after the pilocarpine (pilo)-induced status epilepticus (SE) and continued for up to 12 weeks in Wistar rats. The chronic TPM treatment caused side effects in naïve rats, including memory disturbance, anxiety, and depressive-like responses. However, the anticonvulsant effect of this drug, administered during epileptogenesis, was accompanied by beneficial activity against comorbid behavioral impairments. The drug treatment suppressed the SE-induced neuronal damage in limbic structures, including the dorsal (CA1 and CA2 subfield), the ventral (CA1, CA2 and CA3) hippocampus, the basolateral amygdala, and the piriform cortex, while was ineffective against the surge in the oxidative stress and inflammation. Our results suggest that neuroprotection is an essential mechanism of TPM against spontaneous generalized seizures and concomitant emotional and cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Shishmanova-Doseva
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria.
| | - Dimitrinka Atanasova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6003, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka Ioanidu
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Yordanka Uzunova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Atanasova
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Pleven, Pleven 5800, Bulgaria
| | - Lyudmil Peychev
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
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Mohammadi-Farani A, Fakhri S, Jalili C, Samimi Z. Intra-mPFC injection of sodium butyrate promotes BDNF expression and ameliorates extinction recall impairment in an experimental paradigm of post-traumatic stress disorder. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1150-1158. [PMID: 36246060 PMCID: PMC9526891 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.65000.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Therapeutic strategies that facilitate extinction are promising in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a crucial role in neural plasticity, a process needed for the retention of fear extinction. In this study, we investigated the effects of local administration of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, sodium butyrate (NaBu), on BDNF transcription and behavioral markers of extinction in the single prolonged stress (SPS) model of PTSD. Materials and Methods NaBu was infused into the infralimbic (IL) subregion of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male rats. The freezing response was recorded as the criterion to assess fear strength on the day of extinction as well as 24 hr later in the retention test. Other behavioral tests were also measured to evaluate the anxiety level, locomotor activity, and working memory on the retention day. HDAC activity and BDNF mRNA expression were evaluated after the behavioral experiments. Results NaBu facilitated the recall of fear extinction in SPS rats (P<0.0001). SPS rats had higher HDAC activity (P<0.0001) and lower BDNF expression (P<0.05) than non-SPS animals. Also, anxiety was higher in the SPS group (P<0.0001), but locomotor activity (P=0.61) and working memory (P=0.36) were not different between SPS and Non-SPS groups. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that the mechanism of action of NaBu in the improvement of extinction recall is mediated, in part, by enhancing histone acetylation and reviving BDNF expression in IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohammadi-Farani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran,Corresponding author: Ahmad Mohammadi-Farani. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Tel: +98-38-33333057;
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Samimi
- Department of Immunology, School of medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Yin JB, Liu HX, Shi W, Ding T, Hu HQ, Guo HW, Jin S, Wang XL, Zhang T, Lu YC, Cao BZ. Various BDNF administrations attenuate SPS-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Neurosci Lett 2022; 788:136851. [PMID: 36007708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become epidemic following severely stressful incidents. Previous studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has anxiolytic effects on various anxiety or depression disorders including PTSD. However, the detailed mechanisms of BDNF for treating PTSD were rarely investigated. In the current study, single-prolonged stress (SPS) was used as an animal model recapitulating specific aspects for a PTSD-like phenotype. The effects of BDNF on SPS-induced anxiety-like behaviors were investigated. We showed that the levels of BDNF in the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) were significantly reduced after the rats experienced SPS. The SPS-induced reductions of percentages of time spent in the central area to total time in the open field test, were dose-dependently mitigated after BDNF intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections. BDNF i.c.v. administration also dose-dependently increased the preference of the light box in the light-dark box test. Both expressions of tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) protein and mRNA in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala were significantly increased after SPS challenges. BDNF i.c.v. administration attenuated these compensatory increases of TrkB. At last, the anxiolytic effects of BDNF on SPS model were also observed by using other two injection methods. These results inspired us to study that different administrations of BDNF were used in patients with PTSD in the future, in-depthly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bin Yin
- Department of Neurology, The 960(th) Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Jinan 250031, PR China; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Hai-Xia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Force, PLA, Jinan 250031, PR China
| | - Tan Ding
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China; Institute of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Huai-Qiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, The 960(th) Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Jinan 250031, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei Guo
- Department of Neurology, The 960(th) Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Jinan 250031, PR China
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Neurology, The 960(th) Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Jinan 250031, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, The 960(th) Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Jinan 250031, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Ya-Cheng Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Bing-Zhen Cao
- Department of Neurology, The 960(th) Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Jinan 250031, PR China.
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Hassan W, Noreen H, Rehman S, Kamal MA, Teixeira da Rocha JB. Association of Oxidative Stress with Neurological Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1046-1072. [PMID: 34781871 PMCID: PMC9886831 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211111141246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGORUND Oxidative stress is one of the main contributing factors involved in cerebral biochemical impairment. The higher susceptibility of the central nervous system to reactive oxygen species mediated damage could be attributed to several factors. For example, neurons use a greater quantity of oxygen, many parts of the brain have higher concentraton of iron, and neuronal mitochondria produce huge content of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, neuronal membranes have polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are predominantly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS). OS is the imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and cellular antioxidant potential. This may lead to various pathological conditions and diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. OBJECTIVES In this study, we explored the involvement of OS in neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS We used different search terms like "oxidative stress and neurological disorders" "free radicals and neurodegenerative disorders" "oxidative stress, free radicals, and neurological disorders" and "association of oxidative stress with the name of disorders taken from the list of neurological disorders. We tried to summarize the source, biological effects, and physiologic functions of ROS. RESULTS Finally, it was noted that more than 190 neurological disorders are associated with oxidative stress. CONCLUSION More elaborated studies in the future will certainly help in understanding the exact mechanism involved in neurological diseases and provide insight into revelation of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Hassan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;,Address correspondence to this author at the Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; E-mail:
| | - Hamsa Noreen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shakila Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Joao Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Prior short-term exercise prevents behavioral and biochemical abnormalities induced by single prolonged stress in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Brain Res 2022; 428:113864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Effect of Dietary Grapes on Female C57BL6/J Mice Consuming a High-Fat Diet: Behavioral and Genetic Changes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020414. [PMID: 35204296 PMCID: PMC8868599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Adverse effects of a chronic high-fat diet (HFD) on murine behavior, cognition, and memory are well established. Polyphenols such as resveratrol, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, that are known for antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, are present in grapes. The objective of this work was to determine if the dietary intake of grapes has the potential of alleviating HFD-induced deficiencies. (2) Methods: The effect of dietary grape intake was studied using behavioral assays and high throughput genome-wide RNA transcriptome analyses with female C57BL6/J mice. (3) Results: Mice that were fed a HFD from 3-weeks of age showed anxiety-like behaviors compared with the standard diet (STD). This HFD-induced effect was attenuated by supplementing the HFD with 1% grape powder (HF1G) (open field test). Similar results were observed with the novel object recognition test; there was a significant difference in time spent exploring a novel object between the HFD and the HF1G groups. There was no significant difference between the HFD1G and the STD groups. Based on the RNA-Seq analysis, genetic expression in the brain varied as a result of diet, with 210, 360, and 221 uniquely expressed genes in the STD, HFD, and HF1G groups, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed that the HFIG group mapped more closely with the STD group than the HFD group. Focusing on some specific areas, based on genetic expression, Dopamine receptor 2 (Drd2) was increased in the HFD group and normalized in the HF1G group, relative to the STD group. In addition, as judged by cluster hierarchy, the expression of genes that are associated with the dopamine receptor 2 pathway were increased in the HFD group, whereas the pattern that was derived from mouse brain from the HF1G group showed greater similarity to the STD group. KEGG pathway analyses were consistent with these results. For example, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction (KEGG ID: mmu04080) was altered due to HFD compared with STD, but normalized by grape supplementation or the HFD; there was no significant difference between the STD and HF1G groups. In addition, the expression of genes related to feeding behavior, such as Adora2a, Th, and Trh, were also increased in the HFD group compared with the STD group, and attenuated by grape supplementation. (4) Conclusions: Dietary grape consumption has positive effects on behavior and cognition that are impaired by a HFD. Attenuation of these effects correlates with global transcriptional changes in mouse brain.
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Alzoubi KH, Al-Dekah AM, Jaradat S, Alrabadi N. L-Carnitine prevents memory impairment induced by post-traumatic stress disorder. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 40:53-61. [PMID: 34974445 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-211191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a genuine obstructing mental disorder. As indicated by the name, it is related to the patients' stress augmented by life-threatening conditions or accidents. The PTSD has linked to oxidative stress that can result in neurodegeneration. L-carnitine (L-CAR) is known for its antioxidant properties, which can protect against neuronal damage. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we investigated the beneficial effects of L-CAR on the memory impairment induced by PTSD using a rat model. METHODS A model of single-prolonged stress (a cycle of restraining, forced swimming, rest, and finally diethyl ether exposure for 2 h, 20 min, 15 min, and 1-2 min, respectively) was used to induce PTSD-like behavior. Intraperitoneal L-CAR treatment (300 mg/kg/day) was introduced for four weeks. Both memory and special learning were evaluated utilizing the radial arm water maze (RAWM). Moreover, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reduced (GSH), and glutathione oxidized (GSSG) were assessed as biomarkers oxidative stress in the hippocampus. RESULTS The results demonstrated that both the short and long-term memories were impaired by PTSD/SPS model (P < 0.05), while L-CAR treatment prevented this memory impairment in PTSD rats. Besides, L-CAR prevented the reduction in GPx activity and increase in GSSG, which were altered in the hippocampus of the PTSD/SPS rats (P < 0.05). Levels of GSH were not changed in PTSD and/or L-CAR rats. CONCLUSIONS L-CAR administration prevented short- and long-term memories' impairments induced in the PTSD/SPS rat model. This is probably related to its antioxidant effects in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Arwa M Al-Dekah
- Department of Applied Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saied Jaradat
- Department of Applied Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Behl T, Rana T, Alotaibi GH, Shamsuzzaman M, Naqvi M, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Almoshari Y, Abdellatif AAH, Iqbal MS, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Polyphenols inhibiting MAPK signalling pathway mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112545. [PMID: 34922112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most debilitating psychiatric disorders affecting people of all ages worldwide. Despite significant heterogeneity between studies, increased inflammation and oxidative stress have been found in depression. Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of depression. In the current review, we discussed the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in depressive disorder and the association between these markers and the antidepressant treatment. The role of natural polyphenols in regulating various cell signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation has also been reviewed. The inhibitory effect of polyphenols on several cell signaling pathways reveals the vital role of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of depressive disorder. Understanding the mechanism of polyphenols implicated in the regulation of cell signaling pathways is essential for the identification of lead compounds and the development of novel effective compounds for the prevention and treatment of depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ghallab H Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Shamsuzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maaz Naqvi
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
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Lloret A, Esteve D, Lloret MA, Monllor P, López B, León JL, Cervera-Ferri A. Is Oxidative Stress the Link Between Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Sleep Disruption, and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease? Front Physiol 2021; 12:708061. [PMID: 34512381 PMCID: PMC8424010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.708061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an early occurrence in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and one of its proposed etiologic hypotheses. There is sufficient experimental evidence supporting the theory that impaired antioxidant enzymatic activity and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) take place in this disease. However, the antioxidant treatments fail to stop its advancement. Its multifactorial condition and the diverse toxicological cascades that can be initiated by ROS could possibly explain this failure. Recently, it has been suggested that cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) contributes to the onset of AD. Oxidative stress is a central hallmark of CSVD and is depicted as an early causative factor. Moreover, data from various epidemiological and clinicopathological studies have indicated a relationship between CSVD and AD where endothelial cells are a source of oxidative stress. These cells are also closely related to oligodendrocytes, which are, in particular, sensitive to oxidation and lead to myelination being compromised. The sleep/wake cycle is another important control in the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, and sleep loss reduces myelin thickness. Moreover, sleep plays a crucial role in resistance against CSVD, and poor sleep quality increases the silent markers of this vascular disease. Sleep disruption is another early occurrence in AD and is related to an increase in oxidative stress. In this study, the relationship between CSVD, oligodendrocyte dysfunction, and sleep disorders is discussed while focusing on oxidative stress as a common occurrence and its possible role in the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lloret
- INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Esteve
- INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Lloret
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Monllor
- INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña López
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis León
- Departament of Neuroradiology, Ascires Biomedical Group, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Davison KM, Hyland CE, West ML, Lin SL, Tong H, Kobayashi KM, Fuller-Thomson E. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mid-age and older adults differs by immigrant status and ethnicity, nutrition, and other determinants of health in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:963-980. [PMID: 33533972 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-02003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to address knowledge gaps about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mid-age and older adults, with particular attention to the relationship of PTSD with nutrition and with ethnicity and immigrant status. METHODS Binary logistic regression analysis of weighted comprehensive cohort data from the baseline Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; n = 27,211) was conducted using the four-item Primary Care-PTSD tool (outcome) and immigrant status by ethnicity (Canadian-born white, Canadian-born minority, immigrant white, immigrant minority). Covariates included various social, economic, nutrition and health-related variables. RESULTS After controlling for socioeconomic and health variables, immigrants from minority groups had significantly higher odds of PTSD compared to their Canadian-born counterparts, whereas white immigrants had lower odds of PTSD. These relationships were significantly robust across seven cluster-based regression models. After adjusting for ethnicity/immigrant status, the odds of PTSD were higher among those earning lower household incomes, widowed, divorced, or separated respondents, ever smokers, and those who had multi-morbidities, chronic pain, high nutritional risk, or who reported daily consumptions of pastries, pulses and nuts, or chocolate. Conversely, those 55 years and over, who had high waist-to-height ratio, or who consumed 2-3 fiber sources daily had significantly lower odds of PTSD. CONCLUSION Interventions aimed at managing PTSD in mid-age and older adults should consider ethnicity, immigrant status, as well as socioeconomic, health, and nutrition status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Davison
- Faculty of Social Science, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Faculty of Science and Horticulture (Health Science), Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Christina E Hyland
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Meghan L West
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Shen Lamson Lin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.,Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hongmei Tong
- Faculty of Health and Community Studies, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen M Kobayashi
- Faculty of Social Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada. .,Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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14
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Understanding stress: Insights from rodent models. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 2:100013. [PMID: 36246514 PMCID: PMC9559100 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Through incorporating both physical and psychological forms of stressors, a variety of rodent models have provided important insights into the understanding of stress physiology. Rodent models also have provided significant information with regards to the mechanistic basis of the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders such as anxiety disorders, depressive illnesses, cognitive impairment and post-traumatic stress disorder. Additionally, rodent models of stress have served as valuable tools in the area of drug screening and drug development for treatment of stress-induced conditions. Although rodent models do not accurately reproduce the biochemical or physiological parameters of stress response and cannot fully mimic the natural progression of human disorders, yet, animal research has provided answers to many important scientific questions. In this review article, important studies utilizing a variety of stress models are described in terms of their design and apparatus, with specific focus on their capabilities to generate reliable behavioral and biochemical read-out. The review focusses on the utility of rodent models by discussing examples in the literature that offer important mechanistic insights into physiologically relevant questions. The review highlights the utility of rodent models of stress as important tools for advancing the mission of scientific research and inquiry. Stressful life events may lead to the onset of severe psychopathologies in humans. Rodents may model many features of stress exposure in human populations. Induction of stress via pharmacological and psychological manipulations alter rodent behavior. Mechanistic rodent studies reveal key molecular targets critical for new therapeutic targets.
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15
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Li JM, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Kong LD. Potential effect of herbal antidepressants on cognitive deficit: Pharmacological activity and possible molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112830. [PMID: 32259666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cognitive symptom is a "core" symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with clear deficit in memory, social and occupational function, and may persist during the remitting phase. Therefore, the remission of cognitive symptom has been considered as one of the main objectives in the treatment of MDD. Herbal antidepressants have been used to treat MDD, and there has been great advances in the understanding of the ability of these herbs to improve cognitive deficit linked to brain injury and various diseases including depression, Alzheimer disease, diabetes and age-related disorders. This systematic review summarizes the evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials of herbal antidepressants with positive effects on cognitive deficit. The potential mechanisms by which herbal antidepressants prevent cognitive deficit are also reviewed. This review will facilitate further research and applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an open-ended, English restricted search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science and Scopus for all available articles published or online before 31 December 2019, using terms pertaining to medical herb/phytomedicine/phytochemical/Chinese medicine and depression/major depressive disorder/antidepressant and/or cognitive impairment/cognitive deficit/cognitive dysfunction. RESULTS 7 prescriptions, more than 30 individual herbs and 50 phytochemicals from China, Japan, Korea and India with positive effects on the depressive state and cognitive deficit are reviewed herein. The evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials proves that these herbal antidepressants exhibit positive effects on one or more aspects of cognitive defect including spatial, episodic, aversive, and short- and long-term memory. The action mode of the improvement of cognitive deficit by these herbal antidepressants is mediated mainly through two pathways. One pathway is to promote hippocampal neurogenesis through activating brain derived neurotrophic factor-tropomyosin-related kinase B signaling. The other pathway is to prevent neuronal apoptosis through the inhibition of neuro-inflammation and neuro-oxidation. CONCLUSION These herbal antidepressants, having potential therapy for cognitive deficit, may prevent pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, these herbal medicines should provide a treasure trove, which will accelerate the development of new antidepressants that can effectively improve cognitive symptom in MDD. Studies on their molecular mechanisms may provide more potential targets and therapeutic approaches for new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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16
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The interplay between oxidative stress and bioenergetic failure in neuropsychiatric illnesses: can we explain it and can we treat it? Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5587-5620. [PMID: 32564227 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitro-oxidative stress and lowered antioxidant defences play a key role in neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The first part of this paper details mitochondrial antioxidant mechanisms and their importance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, including details of NO networks, the roles of H2O2 and the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system, and the relationship between mitochondrial respiration and NADPH production. The second part highlights and identifies the causes of the multiple pathological sequelae arising from self-amplifying increases in mitochondrial ROS production and bioenergetic failure. Particular attention is paid to NAD+ depletion as a core cause of pathology; detrimental effects of raised ROS and reactive nitrogen species on ATP and NADPH generation; detrimental effects of oxidative and nitrosative stress on the glutathione and thioredoxin systems; and the NAD+-induced signalling cascade, including the roles of SIRT1, SIRT3, PGC-1α, the FOXO family of transcription factors, Nrf1 and Nrf2. The third part discusses proposed therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating such pathology, including the use of the NAD+ precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside, both of which rapidly elevate levels of NAD+ in the brain and periphery following oral administration; coenzyme Q10 which, when given with the aim of improving mitochondrial function and reducing nitro-oxidative stress in the brain, may be administered via the use of mitoquinone, which is in essence ubiquinone with an attached triphenylphosphonium cation; and N-acetylcysteine, which is associated with improved mitochondrial function in the brain and produces significant decreases in oxidative and nitrosative stress in a dose-dependent manner.
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17
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Lee B, Choi GM, Shim I, Lee H. Genistein Prevents Single Prolonged Stress-Induced Cognitive Impairment in a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Rat Model via Activation of the Serotonergic System. J Med Food 2020; 23:476-484. [PMID: 32267780 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a stress-associated mental disorder characterized by an imbalance of neurotransmitters in response to traumatic events or fear. Genistein (GEN), a natural isoflavone, has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects. Here, we used the Morris water maze (MWM) and object recognition task (ORT) tests to examine the effects of GEN on cognitive impairment in rats after exposure to single prolonged stress (SPS), and its interaction with the serotonergic system. After exposure to SPS, male rats received GEN (2, 4, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days. Daily GEN administration significantly improved cognitive function in the ORT and MWM tests. GEN treatment also inhibited SPS-induced decreases in serotonin (5-HT) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. These increased 5-HT concentrations in response to GEN treatment could be partially attributed to the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/5-HT in the hippocampus. Our findings suggest that GEN significantly attenuates SPS-induced memory deficits in rats and may represent an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang Muk Choi
- The Graduate School of Basic Science of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Chen J, Ye W, Li L, Su J, Huang Y, Liu L, Wu L, Yan C. Paeoniflorin regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:439-448. [PMID: 32489558 PMCID: PMC7239430 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.41214.9738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of paeoniflorin (PEF) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis feedback function of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-prolonged stress (SPS) was used to establish a PTSD-like rat model. The contents of plasma corticosterone (CORT), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) were measured by ELISA. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing factor I receptor (CRF1R), and adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing factor II receptor (CRF2R) in the hippocampus and amygdala were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The results showed that on day 8 after SPS, model rats showed enhanced HPA axis negative feedback lasting to day 29. On day 29, plasma CORT levels increased in model rats, while plasma CRH levels had no significant difference on days 8, 22, and 29. The expression of GR and MR of model rats significantly increased in the hippocampus, while the expression of GR, MR, and CRF1R significantly decreased in the amygdala. After 14 days of continuous administration of PEF, the enhanced negative feedback was inhibited, and the plasma CORT level significantly reduced after 21 days of administration. Moreover, PEF could significantly decrease the expression of GR and MR in the hippocampus, and increase the expression of GR, MR, and CRF1R significantly in the amygdala. CONCLUSION PEF could regulate HPA axis dysfunction in a rat model of PTSD, which may be related to regulating expression of GR and MR in the hippocampus and amygdala and regulating expression of CRF1R in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- The Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiqiong Ye
- The Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfang Su
- The Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunling Huang
- The Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- The Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lili Wu
- The Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Can Yan
- The Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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19
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Caracci F, Harary J, Simkovic S, Pasinetti GM. Grape-Derived Polyphenols Ameliorate Stress-Induced Depression by Regulating Synaptic Plasticity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1808-1815. [PMID: 31532659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with stress-induced immune dysregulation and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in sensitive brain regions associated with depression. Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and reduced BDNF levels lead to impaired synaptic plasticity mechanisms that contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD. There is accumulating evidence that the administration of polyphenols at doses ranging from 5 to 180 mg/kg of body weight can normalize elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and abnormal levels of BDNF and, thus, restore impaired synaptic plasticity mechanisms that mediate depressive behavior in animal models of stress. This review will focus on the mechanisms by which grape-derived polyphenols normalize impaired synaptic plasticity and reduce depressive behavior in animal models of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Caracci
- Department of Neurology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , 1 Gustave L. Levy Place , Box 1137, New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Joyce Harary
- Department of Neurology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , 1 Gustave L. Levy Place , Box 1137, New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Sherry Simkovic
- Department of Neurology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , 1 Gustave L. Levy Place , Box 1137, New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , 1 Gustave L. Levy Place , Box 1137, New York , New York 10029 , United States
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center , JJ Peters VA Medical Center , Bronx , New York 10468 , United States
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20
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Alzoubi KH, Shatnawi AF, Al-Qudah MA, Alfaqih MA. Vitamin C attenuates memory loss induced by post-traumatic stress like behavior in a rat model. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112350. [PMID: 31711893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with neuronal damage in many brain regions including the hippocampus; an area in the brain responsible of memory processing. Oxidative stress is also linked with many psychiatric conditions including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is triggered by traumatic experience and many PTSD patients show signs of memory impairment. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties. Herein, we hypothesized that memory impairment observed during PTSD could be a result of oxidative stress in hippocampal tissues and that prophylactic vitamin C administration may reduce oxidative stress in the hippocampus and prevent memory impairment. The above hypothesis was tested in a rat model where PTSD-like behavior was induced through single prolonged stress (SPS). Short and long-term memory was tested using a radial arm water maze (RAWM). We found that SPS induced a significant increase in the oxidized glutathione levels of the hippocampus. This reduction was accompanied with a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzyme activity, and a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. Intriguingly, vitamin C administration successfully attenuated memory impairment and all of the changes observed in oxidative stress markers. Our findings demonstrate that vitamin C could prevent oxidative stress and memory impairment induced by SPS model of PTSD-like behavior in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Alaa F Shatnawi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Al-Qudah
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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21
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Ahmed M, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF. Vitamin E prevents the cognitive impairments in post-traumatic stress disorder rat model: behavioral and molecular study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:599-607. [PMID: 31734707 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder developed after an exposure to severe traumatic events. Patients with PTSD suffer from different symptoms including memory impairment. In addition, PTSD is associated with oxidative stress. Vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin, possesses cognition protective effects via its antioxidative properties. OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of vitamin E on memory impairment induced by PTSD in animals. METHODS A rat model of PTSD-like behavior and the radial arm water maze (RAWM) for testing of learning and memory paradigm were used. Rats were divided into 4 groups: control, vitamin E, PTSD, and vitamin E + PTSD. RESULTS In the learning phase, results showed no significant differences among experimental groups, indicating that PTSD-like behavior did not impair learning ability in rats. However, memory tests in the RAWM showed that PTSD-like animals had impairment in both short-term and long-term memories. Vitamin E, on the other hand, prevented this impairment of memory. With respect to oxidative stress, significant decreases were detected in reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase enzyme activities, global histone 3 acetylation, and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the PTSD-like animals group compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Vitamin E protected the reduction of these oxidative stress biomarkers, global histone 3 acetylation, and BDNF levels. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin E prevented memory impairment associated with PTSD-like behavior in animals, probably via its antioxidative properties, and preservation of epigenetic changes induced in PTSD-like animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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22
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Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health problem that develops in a proportion of individuals after experiencing a potential life-threatening traumatic stress event. Edaravone is a free radical scavenger, with a neuroprotective effect against cognitive impairment in several animal models. In the present study, the protective effect of edaravone on PTSD-induced memory impairment was investigated. Single prolonged stress was used as an animal model of PTSD, comprising 2 h of restrain, 20-min forced swimming, 15-min rest, and 1-2-min diethyl ether exposure. Concurrently, edaravone was given at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally, for 21 days. The radial arm water maze was used to assess learning and memory. Antioxidant biomarkers were measured in hippocampus tissues. Chronic administration of edaravone prevented impairment of short-term and long-term memory. Edaravone also prevented the stress-induced decrease in the ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes in the hippocampus, as well as increases in the levels of oxidized glutathione and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. In conclusion, edaravone ameliorated oxidative stress and cognitive impairment associated with a PTSD model, probably by supporting antioxidant mechanism in the hippocampus.
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Salvi A, Liu H, Salim S. Involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial mechanisms in air pollution-related neurobiological impairments. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 12:100205. [PMID: 32258254 PMCID: PMC7109516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vehicle exhaust emissions are known to be significant contributors to physical and psychological stress. Vehicle exhaust-induced stress and associated respiratory and cardiovascular complications are well-known, but the impact of this stress on the brain is unclear. Simulated vehicle exhaust exposure (SVEE) in rats causes behavioral and cognitive deficits. In the present study, the underlying mechanisms were examined. Our postulation is that SVEE, a simulation of physiologically relevant concentrations of pro-oxidants (0.04% carbon dioxide, 0.9 ppm nitrogen dioxide, 3 ppm carbon monoxide) creates a toxic stress environment in the brain that results in an imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species and the counteracting antioxidant mechanisms. This impairs mitochondrial function in the high bioenergetic demand areas of the brain including the hippocampus (HIP), amygdala (AMY) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC), disrupting neuronal network, and causing behavioral deficits. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-Q protects against these impairments. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were provided with Mito-Q (250 μM) in drinking water for 4 weeks followed by SVEE 5 h/day for 2 weeks, followed by behavioral and biochemical assessments. Results SVEE resulted in anxiety- and depression-like behavior, accompanied with increased oxidative stress, diminished antioxidant response and mitochondrial impairment reflected from electron transport chain (ETC) disruption, reduced oxygen consumption, low adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) synthesis and an alteration in the mitochondrial biochemical dynamics assessed via protein expression profiles of mitochondrial fission marker, dynamin-related protein-1 and fusion markers, mitofusin-1/2 in the HIP, AMY and the PFC. Mito-Q treatment prevented SVEE-induced behavioral deficits, attenuated rise in oxidative stress and also prevented SVEE-induced mitochondrial impairment. Conclusion This study demonstrates a causal mechanism mediating SVEE-induced behavioral deficits in rats. We further established that SVEE is a toxicological stressor that induces oxidative stress and results in mitochondrial impairment, which by disrupting neural circuitry impairs cognitive and behavioral functions. Simulated vehicle exhaust exposure is a source of toxicological stress. Prolonged exposure leads to behavioral deficits and elevated oxidative stress. Oxidative stress elevation triggers mitochondrial impairment in the brain. Mito-Q prevents exhaust-associated behavioral and biochemical alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Salvi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Hesong Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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Yan T, Sun Y, Wu B, Xiao F, Bi K, Sun B, Jia Y. Red wine polyphenols reverse depressive-like behaviors in mice induced by repeated corticosterone treatment. CIÊNCIA E TÉCNICA VITIVINÍCOLA 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/201934020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of red wine phenolic extracts in mouse model exposed to exogenous corticosterone. The results showed that 3-week corticosterone injections caused depression-like behavior in mice, as indicated by the significant decrease in sucrose consumption and increase immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST). Red wine phenolic extracts treatment significantly reduced serum corticosterone levels. Moreover, it was found that red wine phenolic extract increased the brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein (BNDF) and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) phosphorylation and cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. However, K252a, an inhibitor of TrkB, completely abolished those antidepressant-like effects. These results suggested that the red wine phenolic extracts produce an antidepressant-like effect in corticosteronetreated mice, at least in part, which is possibly mediated by modulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, BDNF, TrkB and CREB phosphorylation levels in the brain region of mice.
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Westfall S, Pasinetti GM. The Gut Microbiota Links Dietary Polyphenols With Management of Psychiatric Mood Disorders. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1196. [PMID: 31749681 PMCID: PMC6848798 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of depression is multifactorial yet generally aggravated by stress and its associated physiological consequences. To effectively treat these diverse risk factors, a broad acting strategy is required and is has been suggested that gut-brain-axis signaling may play a pinnacle role in promoting resilience to several of these stress-induced changes including pathogenic load, inflammation, HPA-axis activation, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter imbalances. The gut microbiota also manages the bioaccessibility of phenolic metabolites from dietary polyphenols whose multiple beneficial properties have known therapeutic efficacy against depression. Although several potential therapeutic mechanisms of dietary polyphenols toward establishing cognitive resilience to neuropsychiatric disorders have been established, only a handful of studies have systematically identified how the interaction of the gut microbiota with dietary polyphenols can synergistically alleviate the biological signatures of depression. The current review investigates several of these potential mechanisms and how synbiotics, that combine probiotics with dietary polyphenols, may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for depression. In particular, synbiotics have the potential to alleviate neuroinflammation by modulating microglial and inflammasome activation, reduce oxidative stress and balance serotonin metabolism therefore simultaneously targeting several of the major pathological risk factors of depression. Overall, synbiotics may act as a novel therapeutic paradigm for neuropsychiatric disorders and further understanding the fundamental mechanisms of gut-brain-axis signaling will allow full utilization of the gut microbiota's as a therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Alzoubi KH, Al Hilo AS, Al-Balas QA, El-Salem K, El-Elimat T, Alali FQ. Withania somnifera root powder protects againist post-traumatic stress disorder-induced memory impairment. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4709-4715. [PMID: 31218539 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is precipitated by exposure to severe traumatic events such as wars, natural disasters, catastrophes, or other traumatic events. Withania somnifera (WS) Dunal (family: Solanaceae) known traditionally as "Ashwaghanda" is used widely in ayurvedic medicine, and known to have positive role in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, WS effect on impairment of memory due to PTSD was studied in animal models. Single-prolonged stress rat model, which consisted of restrain for 2 h, forced swimming for 20 min, rest for 15 min, and diethyl ether exposure for 1-2 min, was used to induce PTSD animals. The WS root powder extract was administered orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day. The radial arm water maze (RAWM) was used to assess spatial learning and memory. Enzymatic assays were used to evaluate changes in oxidative stress biomarkers in the hippocampus following treatments. The result showed that PTSD resulted in short- and long- term memory impairments. Administration of WS prevented this impairment of memory induced by PTSD. Furthermore, WS prevented PTSD induced changes in oxidative stress biomarker in the hippocampus. For quality assessment, the methanolic extract for WS was subjected to UHPLC analysis. A calibration curve for isowithanone as a marker compound was constructed. WS roots content of isowithanone was found to be 0.23% (w/w). In conclusion, WS administration prevented PTSD induced memory impairment probably through preserving changes in antioxidant mechanisms in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Arwa S Al Hilo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Qosay A Al-Balas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid El-Salem
- Department of Neurosciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Feras Q Alali
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
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Alzoubi KH, Al Subeh ZY, Khabour OF. Molecular targets for the interactive effect of etazolate during post-traumatic stress disorder: Role of oxidative stress, BDNF and histones. Behav Brain Res 2019; 369:111930. [PMID: 31047921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in individuals after exposure to severe, life-threatening traumatic event. Etazolate is a selective phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor that is highly specific for cAMP, which has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. We have previously shown that PTSD induced-memory impairment, anxiety and depression were prevented via the administration of etazolate. In the current study, the effect of etazolate on oxidative stress parameters, BDNF, and histone acetylation in the hippocampus were evaluated in a rat model of PTSD. The PTSD was induced by single prolonged stress (SPS) model. Etazolate was administered orally at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day for one month. At the end of the treatment period, the hippocampus was dissected and oxidative stress biomarkers (GSH, GSSG, GPx and TBARS), BDNF protein level, and histone acetylation were assessed. Results revealed that PTSD potentiated oxidative stress in the hippocampus and induced significant reductions in BDNF level and histones acetylation (P < 0.05). Etazolate treatment, on the other hand, led to prevention of changes in these oxidative stress biomarkers (GSH, GSSG, GPx and TBARS), BDNF levels, and histones acetylation. In conclusion, oxidative stress and modulation of BDNF and histones acetylation induced by PTSD can be prevented by treatment with etazolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Zeinab Y Al Subeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Alquraan L, Alzoubi KH, Hammad H, Rababa'h SY, Mayyas F. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevent Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Induced Memory Impairment. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030100. [PMID: 30871113 PMCID: PMC6468674 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can happen after exposure to a traumatic event. Post-traumatic stress disorder is common among mental health disorders that include mood and anxiety disorders. Omega-3 fatty acids (OMGs) are essential for the maintenance of brain function and prevention of cognition dysfunctions. However, the possible effect of OMG on memory impairment induced by PTSD has not been studied. In here, such an effect was explored using a rat model of PTSD. The PTSD-like behavior was induced in animals using a single-prolonged stress (SPS) rat model of PTSD (2 h restraint, 20 min forced swimming, 15 min rest, 1–2 min diethyl ether exposure). The OMG was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/100 g body weight/day. Spatial learning and memory were assessed using the radial arm water maze (RAWM) method. Changes in oxidative stress biomarkers, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and brain derived neuroptrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus following treatments were measured. The results revealed that SPS impaired both short- and long-term memory (p < 0.05). Use of OMG prevented memory impairment induced by SPS. Furthermore, OMG normalized SPS induced changes in the hippocampus that reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratios, the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and TBARSs levels. In conclusion, the SPS model of PTSD-like behavior generated memory impairment, whereas OMG prevented this impairment, possibly through normalizing antioxidant mechanisms in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiali Alquraan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
- Department of Biology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Hana Hammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Suzie Y Rababa'h
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
- Department of Medical Science, Irbid Faculty, Al-Balqa Applied University, Irbid 21110, Jordan.
| | - Fadia Mayyas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Blacker CJ, Frye MA, Morava E, Kozicz T, Veldic M. A Review of Epigenetics of PTSD in Comorbid Psychiatric Conditions. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020140. [PMID: 30781888 PMCID: PMC6410143 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an acquired psychiatric disorder with functionally impairing physiological and psychological symptoms following a traumatic exposure. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors act together to determine both an individual's susceptibility to PTSD and its clinical phenotype. In this literature review, we briefly review the candidate genes that have been implicated in the development and severity of the PTSD phenotype. We discuss the importance of the epigenetic regulation of these candidate genes. We review the general epigenetic mechanisms that are currently understood, with examples of each in the PTSD phenotype. Our focus then turns to studies that have examined PTSD in the context of comorbid psychiatric disorders or associated social and behavioral stressors. We examine the epigenetic variation in cases or models of PTSD with comorbid depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, and substance use disorders. We reviewed the literature that has explored epigenetic regulation in PTSD in adverse childhood experiences and suicide phenotypes. Finally, we review some of the information available from studies of the transgenerational transmission of epigenetic variation in maternal cases of PTSD. We discuss areas pertinent for future study to further elucidate the complex interactions between epigenetic modifications and this complex psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren J Blacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Eva Morava
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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The ethanolic extract of Aralia continentalis ameliorates cognitive deficits via modifications of BDNF expression and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:11. [PMID: 30621666 PMCID: PMC6323859 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disease associated with that the experience of traumatic stress. The traumatic experience results in the development of a prolonged stress response that causes impaired memory function and increased inflammation in the hippocampus. Currently, antidepressants are the only approved therapy for PTSD. However, the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of PTSD is marginal. The ethanol extract of Aralia continentalis (AC) is traditionally used in oriental medicine, and has been showed to possess pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-diabetic effects. Nevertheless, the effects of AC on cognitive memory and its mechanism of action in PTSD remain unclear. Given the necessity of further treatment options for PTSD, we investigated the effect of AC on the spatial cognitive impairment caused by single prolonged stress (SPS) in a rat model of PTSD. Methods Male rats were treated with various intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of AC for 21 consecutive days after inducing chronic stress with the SPS procedure. Results Cognitive impairment caused by SPS were inhibited after treatment with 100 mg/kg AC, as measured by the Morris water maze test and an object recognition test. Additionally, AC treatment significantly alleviated memory-related decreases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that AC significantly inhibited the cognitive deficits caused by SPS via increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, in the rat brain. Conclusions AC reversed the behavioral impairments and inflammation triggered by SPS-derived traumatic stress and should be further evaluated as a potential therapeutic drug for PTSD.
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Li M, Li K, Zhang H, Jiang Y. Study on the mechanism of TMRK electroacupuncture in repairing synaptic plasticity in amygdala and hippocampus to relieve fear memory in PTSD rats. Technol Health Care 2019; 27:425-443. [PMID: 31045558 PMCID: PMC6598005 DOI: 10.3233/thc-199038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic mental disorder caused by mental or psychological trauma after sudden events of a catastrophic or threatening nature. Synaptic plasticity is the core mechanism of PTSD and the main point of treatment of this disease. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control (Ctrl), SPS (single-prolonged stress) model, SPS&S model (SPS and foot electric shock), SPS+EA (SPS plus electroacupuncture), and SPS&S+EA groups. Tranquilize Mind and Regulate Kidney (TMRK) electroacupuncture method was performed in each rat in the SPS+EA and SPS&S+EA groups, the treatment lasted for 20 minutes per day, simultaneously for 3 consecutive weeks. Behavioral evaluations, molecular tests, electron microscopy, electrophysiological testing were conducted following the treatment. RESULTS First, electro-acupuncture can significantly improve the PTSD-like symptoms. Second, electro-acupuncture can up-regulate the long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampus, repair the synaptic morphology and improve BDNF levels in amygdala and hippocampus. Third, electroacupuncture can significantly up-regulate SYN, GAP43, and PSD95 protein levels and mRNA expression in amygdala and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The effect of TMRK electro-acupuncture method on the regression of fear memory of PTSD rats may be through its repair of synaptic plasticity in amygdala and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Kai Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
- Chinese Medicine College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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32
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Alzoubi KH, Al-Ibbini AM, Nuseir KQ. Prevention of memory impairment induced by post-traumatic stress disorder by cerebrolysin. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:430-437. [PMID: 30316170 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may occur after exposure to stressful, fearful or troubling events. Until now, there is no curable medication for this disorder. Cerebrolysin is a neuropeptide, which has an important role in the treatment of vascular dementia. In this study, the probable protective effect of cerebrolysin on PTSD-induced memory impairment was investigated. To induce PTSD, the single prolonged stress (SPS) model was used. Rats were allocated into four groups: control (vehicle-treated), CBL (administrated cerebrolysin 2.5 ml/kg by intraperitoneal route for 4 weeks), SPS (as a model of PTSD and administered vehicle), and CBL-SPS (exposed to SPS and administered cerebrolysin for 4 weeks). Learning and memory were assessed using the radial arm water maze (RAWM). Results showed that SPS impaired both short- and long- term memories; and chronic cerebrolysin administration prevented such effect. Cerebrolysin also prevented decreases in hippocampal GSH levels and GSH/GSSG ratios, and increased GSSG and TBARs, levels induced by PTSD. In conclusion, a protective effect of cerebrolysin administration against SPS model of PTSD induced short- and long- term memory impairment was characterized. This protection could be accomplished, at least partly, by prevention of PTSD induced increase in oxidative stress in the hippocampus via the use of cerebrolysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Alaa M Al-Ibbini
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Khawla Q Nuseir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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33
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Lee B, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH. Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Behavioral and Cognitive Impairments, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysfunction, and Alternations in Hippocampal BDNF Expression Under Single Prolonged Stress. J Med Food 2018; 21:979-989. [PMID: 30273101 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a traumatic stress-related psychiatric disorder stimulated by experience. Green tea has potent antioxidative properties, due, in part, to the catechin (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). EGCG is an important polyphenol with advantageous effects on anxiety and depression. Nevertheless, the mechanism about the inhibition of PTSD-like symptoms of EGCG is still unidentified. We examined whether EGCG improved learning and memory deficit stimulated in rats after single prolonged stress (SPS). Rats were administrated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with EGCG for 14 successive days after the SPS process. The SPS procedure stimulated cognitive deficit in the Morris water maze test and the object recognition task, and this impairment was improved by EGCG (25 mg/kg, i.p.). Daily EGCG administration significantly decreased the freezing response to contextual fear conditioning. The administration of EGCG also significantly moderated memory-related decreases in the alternation of cAMP-response element-binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that EGCG alleviated SPS-stimulated learning and memory deficit by inhibiting the increase of neuroinflammation in the rat brain. In addition, EGCG reversed the alternation of allopregnanolone and progesterone in the brain, and diminished simultaneously the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. Thus, EGCG reversed learning and memory-related behavioral dysfunction and molecular alternation accelerated by traumatic stress and may be a useful therapeutic material for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- 1 Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- 3 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- 2 Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- 3 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Herman F, Westfall S, Brathwaite J, Pasinetti GM. Suppression of Presymptomatic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegeneration by Grape-Derived Polyphenols. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:867. [PMID: 30210334 PMCID: PMC6122113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders constitute a group of multifaceted conditions characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and synaptic connections consequent to a combination of specific genetic predispositions and stochastic stressors. The neuropathologies observed in both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are in part attributed to compounding intrinsic and extrinsic environmental stressors, which we propose may be limited by the administration of specific grape derived phytochemicals and their metabolized derivatives, specifically polyphenols isolated from grape botanicals. Current therapies for neurodegenerative disorders are limited as they solely target the final disease pathologies including behavioral changes, cognitive deficits, proteinopathies and neuronal loss; however, this strategy is not a sustainable approach toward managing disease onset or progression. This review discusses the application of grape derived polyphenols as an adjunctive treatment paradigm for the prevention of neuropathologies associated with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy by simultaneously ameliorating two stochastic stressors that facilitate their disease pathologies: inflammation and oxidative stress. The biophysical attributes of grape-derived polyphenols buffer against redox potential dependent peripheral and neuroinflammation and down regulate the activation of inflammasomes in microglia and astrocytes, which could provide a novel mechanism through which grape-derived polyphenols simultaneously suppress risk factors across pathologically distinct neurodegenerative conditions. This approach therefore offers a prophylactic mode, not feasible through current pharmacological agents, to target activity dependent risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders that manifest over an individual's lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Herman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susan Westfall
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Justin Brathwaite
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Giulio M. Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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35
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Pentoxifylline prevents post-traumatic stress disorder induced memory impairment. Brain Res Bull 2018; 139:263-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Alzoubi KH, Rababa'h AM, Al Yacoub ON. Tempol prevents post-traumatic stress disorder induced memory impairment. Physiol Behav 2018; 184:189-195. [PMID: 29217357 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lisieski MJ, Eagle AL, Conti AC, Liberzon I, Perrine SA. Single-Prolonged Stress: A Review of Two Decades of Progress in a Rodent Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:196. [PMID: 29867615 PMCID: PMC5962709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common, costly, and often debilitating psychiatric condition. However, the biological mechanisms underlying this disease are still largely unknown or poorly understood. Considerable evidence indicates that PTSD results from dysfunction in highly-conserved brain systems involved in stress, anxiety, fear, and reward. Pre-clinical models of traumatic stress exposure are critical in defining the neurobiological mechanisms of PTSD, which will ultimately aid in the development of new treatments for PTSD. Single prolonged stress (SPS) is a pre-clinical model that displays behavioral, molecular, and physiological alterations that recapitulate many of the same alterations observed in PTSD, illustrating its validity and giving it utility as a model for investigating post-traumatic adaptations and pre-trauma risk and protective factors. In this manuscript, we review the present state of research using the SPS model, with the goals of (1) describing the utility of the SPS model as a tool for investigating post-trauma adaptations, (2) relating findings using the SPS model to findings in patients with PTSD, and (3) indicating research gaps and strategies to address them in order to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lisieski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Andrew L Eagle
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alana C Conti
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Mental Health Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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38
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Sangiovanni E, Brivio P, Dell'Agli M, Calabrese F. Botanicals as Modulators of Neuroplasticity: Focus on BDNF. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:5965371. [PMID: 29464125 PMCID: PMC5804326 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5965371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in different central nervous system (CNS) diseases suggests that this neurotrophin may represent an interesting and reliable therapeutic target. Accordingly, the search for new compounds, also from natural sources, able to modulate BDNF has been increasingly explored. The present review considers the literature on the effects of botanicals on BDNF. Botanicals considered were Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, Coffea arabica L., Crocus sativus L., Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (green tea), Ginkgo biloba L., Hypericum perforatum L., Olea europaea L. (olive oil), Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Rhodiola rosea L., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Vitis vinifera L., Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, and Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton. The effect of the active principles responsible for the efficacy of the extracts is reviewed and discussed as well. The high number of articles published (more than one hundred manuscripts for 14 botanicals) supports the growing interest in the use of natural products as BDNF modulators. The studies reported strengthen the hypothesis that botanicals may be considered useful modulators of BDNF in CNS diseases, without high side effects. Further clinical studies are mandatory to confirm botanicals as preventive agents or as useful adjuvant to the pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Brivio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Padurariu M, Antioch I, Balmus I, Ciobica A, El-Lethey HS, Kamel MM. Describing some behavioural animal models of anxiety and their mechanistics with special reference to oxidative stress and oxytocin relevance. Int J Vet Sci Med 2017; 5:98-104. [PMID: 30255057 PMCID: PMC6137856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now generally accepted that animal studies are playing an important role in the understanding of anxiety disorders, since they contribute to the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms and possible therapeutic approaches in anxiety. In the present review we will detail some essential aspects of behavioral animal models of anxiety related to social defeat paradigm, elevated plus maze, elevated zero or T maze, light/dark box, social interaction test or tests based on predator models, considering the latest theories and methodological approaches in this area of research, as well as our previous studies focusing on anxiety manifestations in a variety of species including rats, zebrafish, dogs and pigs. Moreover, in this context, we will focus on the recent theories concerning oxidative stress, as well as importance of oxytocin administration (especially the intranasal route). This could be important considering that these two factors are currently being investigated as possible mechanisms (oxidative stress status) and related therapeutic target (both intranasal oxytocin and antioxidants) in the pathology of the anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Padurariu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iulia Antioch
- “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 11, Carol I, 700506 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Ioana Balmus
- “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 11, Carol I, 700506 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 11, Carol I, 700506 Iaşi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Romania
- The Academy of the Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 54, 050094, Romania
| | - Heba S. El-Lethey
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat M. Kamel
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Calapai G, Bonina F, Bonina A, Rizza L, Mannucci C, Arcoraci V, Laganà G, Alibrandi A, Pollicino C, Inferrera S, Alecci U. A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Clinical Trial on Effects of a Vitis vinifera Extract on Cognitive Function in Healthy Older Adults. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:776. [PMID: 29163162 PMCID: PMC5671585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gradual population aging is creating a new set of needs in the general population. Memory capacity decreases with age, and memory deficits are considered an early symptom of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), one of the most prevalent cognitive disorders in older people. Numerous studies have shown that grape polyphenolic compounds (GPs) are able to attenuate cognitive impairment and reduce brain lesions in experimental AD animal models. These GP effects are associated with improvement in brain antioxidant status and prevention of free radical-induced neuronal damage. We designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to investigate the potential beneficial effects of a Vitis vinifera-based dietary supplement on cognitive function and neuropsychological status in healthy older adults. Methods: One-hundred eleven subjects were recruited and randomly divided in two groups: one group received the V. vinifera-based dietary supplement Cognigrape® for 12 weeks (250 mg/day) and the second group received placebo over the same period of time. Before and after the end of the supplementation period, cognitive function and neuropsychological status were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) evaluations. Results: MMSE scores were significantly improved after supplementation with Cognigrape® in comparison with baseline levels (p < 0.0001) and placebo (r = 0.59, 0.95% CI 0.11, 1.22; p < 0.0001). Cognigrape® supplementation produced a significant reduction in BDI (-15.8%) and HARS (-24.9%) scores with respect to baseline levels (p < 0.0001) and placebo (p < 0.0001 for BDI and p < 0.05 for HARS). RBANS total score was significantly improved by Cognigrape® with respect to baseline levels and placebo (r = 0.55, 0.95% CI 0.48, 6.07; p < 0.0001). The comparison with the placebo revealed improvements in several parameters among participants receiving Cognigrape®: attention (p < 0.001); language (p < 0.05); immediate memory (p < 0.0001); and delayed memory (p < 0.0001). Visuospatial/constructional abilities were not modified. During the study, no adverse effects were detected. Conclusion: The results show that 12 weeks of Cognigrape® supplementation is safe, can improve physiological cognitive profiles, and can concurrently ameliorate negative neuropsychological status in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Rizza
- Bionap srl, R&D Contrada Fureria, Belpasso, Italy
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arcoraci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Germana Laganà
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Pollicino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Santi Inferrera
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| | - Umberto Alecci
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
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Alzoubi KH, Al Subeh ZY, Khabour OF. Evaluating the protective effect of etazolate on memory impairment, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors induced by post traumatic stress disorder. Brain Res Bull 2017; 135:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Lee B, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH. Effect of oleuropein on cognitive deficits and changes in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cytokine expression in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. J Nat Med 2017; 72:44-56. [PMID: 28884427 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that develops after an individual has experienced a major trauma. This psychopathological response to traumatic stressors induces learning and memory deficits in rats. Oleuropein (OLE), a major compound in olive leaves, has been reported to possess several pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic and neuroprotective activities. However, the cognitive effects of OLE and its mechanism of action have remained unclear in PTSD. In this study, we examined whether OLE improved spatial cognitive impairment induced in rats following single prolonged stress (SPS), an animal model of PTSD. Male rats were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with vehicle or various doses of OLE for 14 consecutive days after the SPS procedure. The SPS procedure resulted in cognitive impairment in the object recognition task and the Morris water maze test, which was reversed by OLE (100 mg/kg, i.p). Additionally, as assessed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, the administration of OLE significantly alleviated memory-associated decreases in the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cAMP response element-binding protein and mRNA in the hippocampus. Together, these findings suggest that OLE attenuated SPS-induced cognitive impairment significantly by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the rat brain. Thus, OLE reversed several behavioral impairments triggered by the traumatic stress of SPS and might be a potential useful therapeutic intervention for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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43
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Solanki N, Salvi A, Patki G, Salim S. Modulating Oxidative Stress Relieves Stress-Induced Behavioral and Cognitive Impairments in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:550-561. [PMID: 28339814 PMCID: PMC5492781 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent psychological stress often leads to anxiety disorders and depression. Benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are popular treatment options but have limited efficacy, supporting the need for alternative treatment. Based on our recent preclinical work suggesting a causal link between neurobehavioral deficits and elevated oxidative stress, we hypothesized that interventions that mitigate oxidative stress can attenuate/overcome neurobehavioral deficits. Methods Here, we employed the rat social defeat model of psychological stress to determine whether increasing antioxidant levels using grape powder would prevent and/or reverse social defeat-induced behavioral and cognitive deficits. Furthermore, a hippocampal-derived HT22 cell culture model of oxidative stress was employed to identify the individual beneficial constituent(s) of grape powder and the underlying mechanism(s) of action. Results Grape powder treatment prevented and reversed social defeat-induced behavioral and cognitive deficits and also decreased social defeat-induced increase in plasma corticosterone and 8-isoprostane (systemic and oxidative stress markers, respectively). And grape powder treatment replenished social defeat-induced depleted pool of key antioxidant enzymes glyoxalase-1, glutathione reducatse-1, and superoxide dismutase. Grape powder constituents, quercetin and resveratrol, were most effective in preventing oxidative stress-induced decreased cellular antioxidant capacity. Grape powder protected oxidative stress-induced cell death by preventing calcium influx, mitochondrial dysfunction, and release of cytochrome c. Conclusions Grape powder treatment by increasing antioxidant pool and preventing cell damage and death prevented and reversed social defeat-induced behavioral and cognitive deficits in rats. Quercetin and resveratrol are the major contributors towards beneficial effects of grape powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimesh Solanki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ankita Salvi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Gaurav Patki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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44
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Delgado-Morales R, Agís-Balboa RC, Esteller M, Berdasco M. Epigenetic mechanisms during ageing and neurogenesis as novel therapeutic avenues in human brain disorders. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:67. [PMID: 28670349 PMCID: PMC5493012 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is the main risk factor for human neurological disorders. Among the diverse molecular pathways that govern ageing, epigenetics can guide age-associated decline in part by regulating gene expression and also through the modulation of genomic instability and high-order chromatin architecture. Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of neural differentiation as well as in functional processes related to memory consolidation, learning or cognition during healthy lifespan. On the other side of the coin, many neurodegenerative diseases are associated with epigenetic dysregulation. The reversible nature of epigenetic factors and, especially, their role as mediators between the genome and the environment make them exciting candidates as therapeutic targets. Rather than providing a broad description of the pathways epigenetically deregulated in human neurological disorders, in this review, we have focused on the potential use of epigenetic enzymes as druggable targets to ameliorate neural decline during normal ageing and especially in neurological disorders. We will firstly discuss recent progress that supports a key role of epigenetic regulation during healthy ageing with an emphasis on the role of epigenetic regulation in adult neurogenesis. Then, we will focus on epigenetic alterations associated with ageing-related human disorders of the central nervous system. We will discuss examples in the context of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and posttraumatic stress disorders, and also dementia or Alzheimer's disease as the most frequent neurodegenerative disease. Finally, methodological limitations and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Delgado-Morales
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 3rd Floor, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Av. Gran Via 199-203, 08908L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Carlos Agís-Balboa
- Psychiatric Diseases Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 3rd Floor, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Av. Gran Via 199-203, 08908L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Berdasco
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 3rd Floor, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Av. Gran Via 199-203, 08908L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
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Alkadhi KA. Exercise as a Positive Modulator of Brain Function. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3112-3130. [PMID: 28466271 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Various forms of exercise have been shown to prevent, restore, or ameliorate a variety of brain disorders including dementias, Parkinson's disease, chronic stress, thyroid disorders, and sleep deprivation, some of which are discussed here. In this review, the effects on brain function of various forms of exercise and exercise mimetics in humans and animal experiments are compared and discussed. Possible mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise including the role of neurotrophic factors and others are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim A Alkadhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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46
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The protective effects of resveratrol on social stress-induced cytokine release and depressive-like behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 59:147-157. [PMID: 27592314 PMCID: PMC5154920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social stress is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders, however only a subset of the population is susceptible while others remain resilient. Inflammation has been linked to the pathogenesis of psychosocial disorders in humans and may underlie these individual differences. Using a resident-intruder paradigm capable of revealing individual differences in coping behavior and inflammatory responses, the present study determined if resveratrol (RSV; 0, 10, 30mg/kg/day) protected against persistent stress-induced inflammation in socially defeated rats. Furthermore, the antidepressant efficacy of RSV was evaluated using the sucrose preference test. Active coping rats were characterized by more time spent in upright postures and increased defeat latencies versus passive coping rats. Five days after defeat, flow cytometry revealed enhanced stimulation of proinflammatory proteins (IL-β, TNF-α) in spleen cells of passive rats as compared to active coping and controls, an effect that was blocked by both doses of RSV. Furthermore, only passive coping rats exhibited increased proinflammatory proteins (IL-1β, TNF-α, GM-CSF) in the locus coeruleus (LC), a noradrenergic brain region implicated in depression. Notably, only 30mg/kg RSV blocked LC neuroinflammation and importantly, was the only dose that blocked anhedonia. Alternatively, while stress had minimal impact on resting cytokines in the dorsal raphe (DR), RSV dose-dependently reduced DR cytokine expression. However, this did not result in changes in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity or serotonin levels. Taken together, these data suggest that social stress-induced depressive-like behavior evident in passive coping rats may be driven by stress-induced neuroinflammation and highlight natural anti-inflammatory agents to protect against social stress-related consequences.
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47
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Jia Y, Dong Z, Yan T, Wu B, Liao Z, Bi K, Gong P, Suna B. Antidepressant-like activity of red wine phenolic extracts in repeated corticosterone-induced depression mice via BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20160704009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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48
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Chang Y, Lin TY, Lu CW, Huang SK, Wang YC, Wang SJ. Xanthohumol-induced presynaptic reduction of glutamate release in the rat hippocampus. Food Funct 2016; 7:212-26. [PMID: 26667007 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether xanthohumol, a hop-derived prenylated flavonoid present in beer, affects glutamate release in the rat hippocampus. In the rat hippocampal nerve terminals (synaptosomes), xanthohumol inhibited the release of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-evoked glutamate and the elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, whereas it had no effect on 4-AP-mediated depolarization. The inhibitory effect of xanthohumol on the evoked glutamate release was prevented by removing extracellular Ca(2+), using the Cav2.2 (N-type) and Cav2.1 (P/Q-type) channel blocker ω-CgTX MVIIC, the calmodulin antagonists W7 and calmidazolium, and the protein kinase A inhibitor H89; however, no such effect was observed when the G-protein inhibitor N-ethylmaleimide was used. In addition, immunocytochemical data demonstrated that GABAA receptors are present in the hippocampal synaptosomes and that the xanthohumol effect on evoked glutamate release was antagonized by the GABAA receptor antagonist SR95531. Furthermore, in slice preparations, xanthohumol reduced the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents without affecting their amplitude. We conclude that xanthohumol acts at GABAA receptors present in the hippocampal nerve terminals to decrease the Ca(2+) influx through N- and P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels, which subsequently suppresses the Ca(2+)-calmodulin/PKA cascade to decrease the evoked glutamate release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan 24205 and Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan111
| | - Tzu Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 22060 and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 22060 and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Shu Kuei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 22060
| | - Ying Chou Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan 24205
| | - Su Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan 24205 and Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan 24205.
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49
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Salim S. Oxidative Stress and the Central Nervous System. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:201-205. [PMID: 27754930 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 705] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical integrity of the brain is vital for normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). One of the factors contributing to cerebral biochemical impairment is a chemical process called oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs upon excessive free radical production resulting from an insufficiency of the counteracting antioxidant response system. The brain, with its high oxygen consumption and lipid-rich content, is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. Therefore, oxidative stress-induced damage to the brain has a strong potential to negatively impact normal CNS functions. Although oxidative stress has historically been considered to be involved mainly in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and Parkinson disease, its involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders and depression, is beginning to be recognized. This review is a discussion of the relevance of cerebral oxidative stress to impairment of emotional and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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50
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Le Dorze C, Gisquet-Verrier P. Effects of multiple brief exposures to trauma-associated cues on traumatized resilient and vulnerable rats. Brain Res 2016; 1652:71-80. [PMID: 27717871 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intrusive re-experiencing of a trauma is a core symptom in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and is often triggered by contextual cues associated with the event. It is not yet established if intrusive re-experiencing is the consequence of PTSD, or if it could contribute to the development of PTSD following a traumatic event. The present study (1) examined the impact of repeated brief re-exposures to trauma reminders on the strength of PTSD-like symptoms, as well as on their time-development and (2) investigated the reactivity over time to these cues in trauma resilient and vulnerable rats, defined on the basis of the PTSD-like symptoms they demonstrated. Rats were exposed to a Single Prolonged Stress, combining three different stresses (2-h restraint, 20-min forced swim and CO2 unconsciousness) delivered together with tone and odor cues and preceded by an inhibitory avoidance conditioning or a control procedure. During the following two weeks, reminded rats were briefly re-exposed to trauma-associated cues either 4 or 8 times. The results indicated that 4 re-exposures to the same cue strengthened PTSD-like symptoms (anxiety, arousal, fear to trauma-cue). However 8 re-exposures to similar or different trauma-cues did not alter PTSD-like symptoms and led to a rapid extinction of the fear reactivity to these cues. The present results further indicated that shortly after trauma, both resilient and vulnerable rats strongly reacted to trauma-associated cues, while only vulnerable rats reacted long after the trauma, suggesting a slower loss of fear responses to trauma cues in these rats. We concluded that re-experiencing may participate in, but cannot be solely responsible for, the development of long-term PTSD effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Le Dorze
- Neuro-PSI, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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