1
|
Inoue T, Wakabayashi H, Kawase F, Kokura Y, Takamasu T, Fujiwara D, Maeda K. Diagnostic criteria, prevalence, and clinical outcomes of pediatric sarcopenia: A scoping review. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1825-1843. [PMID: 38959660 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenia, characterized by loss of muscle mass and decreased muscle strength, significantly affects adults but also influences pediatric health. However, definitions for low muscle mass, decreased strength, and sarcopenia in children are less established, impacting interventions for improving health outcomes. The objective of this scoping review is synthesize the existing literature on the diagnostic criteria, prevalence and clinical outcomes of sarcopenia. METHODS A scoping review, following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, examined pediatric sarcopenia literature until June 2023. The literature search was performed using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials with the last search conducted on June 30, 2023. Criteria included studies on aged 0-20 years, covering healthy subjects, acutely ill patients, and chronic disease cases excluding specific conditions like neuromuscular diseases or prematurity. RESULTS Initial search found 503 studies, finally, we included 56 studies. Most studies diagnosed sarcopenia using skeletal muscle mass indicators like total psoas muscle area from Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Around half of the longitudinal studies highlighted sarcopenia as a risk factor for various clinical outcomes, predominantly in hospitalized patients. However, cutoff values for sarcopenia indicators lacked consistency, with studies employing diverse percentile-based measurements or z-scores. CONCLUSION Pediatric sarcopenia diagnosis primarily relies on skeletal muscle mass, with identified links to future clinical outcomes in specific conditions. The lack of standardized cutoffs for sarcopenia indicators underscores the necessity for age, gender, and race-specific cutoff values derived from studies establishing reference values for muscle mass and strength across diverse pediatric populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Inoue
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Hidetaka Wakabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Fumiya Kawase
- Department of Nutrition, Asuke Hospital Aichi Prefectural Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yoji Kokura
- Department of Nutritional Management, Keiju Hatogaoka Integrated Facility for Medical and Long-term Care, Hosu, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Takamasu
- Department of Community Health Promotion, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Dai Fujiwara
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Saka General Hospital, Shiogama, 985-8506, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Nutrition Therapy Support Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marques M, Vieira F, Teles J, Baptista F. Growth and physical development of children at apparent risk of sarcopenia. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03385-z. [PMID: 39014241 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consequences of sarcopenia on growth have received little attention. We analysed the potential risk resulting from the low lean mass for age expressed through the appendicular lean body mass index (aLBMI) and the ratio aLBM/trunk fat mass (trFM). METHODS The sample consisted of 580 participants 10-13 yrs evaluated twice in a 12-month interval: height, trFM, total and aLBM, whole-body bone mineral density less head (WBLH BMD), tibia and radius SOS, maturity and handgrip strength were measured. All variables except maturity and BMI were standardised according to sex and age group (Z-score) using the sample as a reference. A high risk of sarcopenia was identified for Z-scores ≤ -1 on aLBMI (Group B) or aLBM/trFM (Group C), while Z-scores > -1 on both markers were considered at low risk for sarcopenia (Group A). The ANCOVA adjusted for maturity was used to compare the three groups. RESULTS Girls showed a more significant decrease in the total BMC/LBM ratio in Group B and a minor increase in WBLH BMD in Group C (p < 0.050); boys in Group B showed a tendency to gain less height (p = 0.053). CONCLUSION The high risk of sarcopenia expressed through aLBMI or aLBM/trFM Z-score ≤ -1 compromises bone mineralisation in girls. IMPACT The findings emphasise the necessity of implementing routine screening protocols for sarcopenia risk within clinical environments and educational institutions. Such screenings should extend beyond merely assessing body mass index to encompass broader body composition variables like lean body mass. By integrating these assessments into routine health evaluations, healthcare professionals and educators can proactively identify at-risk individuals and initiate timely interventions for suboptimal physical growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marília Marques
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Hospital Lusíadas Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Filomena Vieira
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Júlia Teles
- Secção Autónoma de Métodos Matemáticos, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baptista
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ferrara IR, Sadowsky CL. Muscle Mass as a Biomarker for Health Status and Function in Pediatric Individuals with Neuromuscular Disabilities: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:815. [PMID: 39062264 PMCID: PMC11276588 DOI: 10.3390/children11070815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to investigate the relationship between muscle mass and specific health outcomes in pediatric populations with neuromuscular disorders. A search was performed for any relevant studies published in English from 1996 to 2023 in five databases. To be included in this analysis, articles must have had participants with an average age ≤21, focus on children with neuromuscular disabilities, and primarily examine relationships between muscle mass and any functional or health outcomes measure. Studies including typically developing children were used to contrast and enhance findings. Thirty-two studies were included, with 10,129 unique individuals represented: seventeen studies focused on healthy/typically developing children; seven on children with cerebral palsy; three on children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy; two on children with sarcopenia; and one study each on children with osteoporosis, congenital muscular dystrophy, and other various neurologic disorders. Thirteen studies assessed functional outcomes, ten assessed bone outcomes, and nine assessed other cardiovascular/metabolic outcomes. All of the included studies demonstrated relationships between muscle mass and respective outcomes in varying measures. The results of this review demonstrate that there is a consistently recognized relationship between muscle mass and important health outcomes in children, supporting clinically targeting muscle mass as a means to optimize desired outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella R. Ferrara
- International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Cristina L. Sadowsky
- International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bezerra A, Boppre G, Freitas L, Battista F, Duregon F, Faggian S, Busetto L, Ermolao A, Fonseca H. Body Composition Changes in Adolescents Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:107-120. [PMID: 38172484 PMCID: PMC10933211 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review and meta-analysis is to characterize the changes in body composition of children and adolescents who underwent bariatric surgery and identify possible negative effects of performing this procedure during pediatric ages. RECENT FINDINGS Bariatric surgery in children and adolescents is an emerging strategy to promote higher and faster body weight and fat mass losses. However, possible negative effects usually observed in surgical patients' muscle-skeletal system raise a major concern perform this intervention during growth. Despite these possible issues, most experimental studies and reviews analyze bariatric surgery's effectiveness only by assessing anthropometric outcomes such as body weight and BMI, disregarding the short- and long-term impact of bariatric surgery on all body composition outcomes. Bariatric surgery is effective to reduce fat mass in adolescents, as well as body weight, waist circumference, and BMI. Significant reduction in lean mass and fat-free mass is also observed. Bone mass seems not to be impaired. All outcomes reduction were observed only in the first 12 months after surgery. Sensitivity analysis suggests possible sex and type of surgery-related differences, favoring a higher fat mass, body weight, and BMI losses in boys and in patients who underwent RYGB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Bezerra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Giorjines Boppre
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Human Motricity Research Center, University Adventista, Chillean, Chile
| | - Laura Freitas
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesca Battista
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Federica Duregon
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Faggian
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Padova, Italy
| | - Hélder Fonseca
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng WB, Hu J, Sun L, Liu JY, Zhang Q, Wang O, Jiang Y, Xia WB, Xing XP, Li M. Correlation of lipocalin 2 and glycolipid metabolism and body composition in a large cohort of children with osteogenesis imperfecta. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:47-58. [PMID: 37326909 PMCID: PMC10776749 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a newly recognized bone-derived factor that is important in regulation of energy metabolism. We investigated the correlation of serum LCN2 levels and glycolipid metabolism, and body composition in a large cohort of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). METHODS A total of 204 children with OI and 66 age- and gender-matched healthy children were included. Circulating levels of LCN2 and osteocalcin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C) were measured by automated chemical analyzers. The body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Grip strength and timed-up-and-go (TUG) were tested to evaluate the muscle function. RESULTS Serum LCN2 levels were 37.65 ± 23.48 ng/ml in OI children, which was significantly lower than those in healthy control (69.18 ± 35.43 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) and serum FBG level were significantly higher and HDL-C levels were lower in OI children than healthy control (all P < 0.01). Grip strength was significantly lower (P < 0.05), and the TUG was significantly longer in OI patients than healthy control (P < 0.05). Serum LCN2 level was negatively correlated to BMI, FBG, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, total body, and trunk fat mass percentage, and positively correlated to total body and appendicular lean mass percentage (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, obesity, and muscle dysfunction are common in OI patients. As a novel osteogenic cytokine, LCN2 deficiency may be relevant to disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, and dysfunction of muscle in OI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-B Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - J Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - L Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - J-Y Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - O Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - W-B Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - X-P Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee DH, Kang SC, Hwang SS, Lee YJ, Kim HY, Lee SY, Shin CH, Kim J. Establishing reference values for percentage of appendicular skeletal muscle mass and their association with metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 28:237-244. [PMID: 37139682 PMCID: PMC10765024 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2244268.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and cardiometabolic risk has been emphasized. We estimated reference values of the percentage of ASM (PASM) and investigated their association with metabolic syndrome (MS) in Korean adolescents. METHODS Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey performed between 2009 and 2011 were used. Tables and graphs of reference PASM were generated using 1,522 subjects, 807 of whom were boys aged 10 to 18. The relationship between PASM and each component of MS in adolescents was further analyzed in 1,174 subjects, 613 of whom were boys. Moreover, the pediatric simple MS score (PsiMS), the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index were analyzed. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions adjusting for age, sex, household income, and daily energy intake were performed. RESULTS In boys, PASM increased with age; the trend was different in girls, in whom PASM declined with age. PsiMS, HOMA-IR, and TyG index showed inverse associations with PASM (PsiMS, β=-0.105, P<0.001; HOMA-IR, β=-0.104, P<0.001; and TyG index, β=-0.013, P<0.001). PASM z-score was negatively associated with obesity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.22; 95% CI, 0.17-0.30), abdominal obesity (aOR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.20-0.36), hypertension (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52-0.80), and elevated triglycerides (aOR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56-0.79). CONCLUSION The probability of acquiring MS and insulin resistance decreased as PASM values increased. The reference range may offer clinicians information to aid in the effective management of patients. We urge clinicians to monitor body composition using standard reference databases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Chan Kang
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Hwang
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seong Yong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang P, Jiang G, Wang Y, Yan E, He L, Guo J, Yin J, Zhang X. Maternal consumption of l-malic acid enriched diets improves antioxidant capacity and glucose metabolism in offspring by regulating the gut microbiota. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102889. [PMID: 37741046 PMCID: PMC10519833 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal diets during pregnancy and lactation are key determinants that regulate the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in offspring. l-malic acid (MA) was previously reported to improve antioxidant capacity and aerobic metabolism. However, the effects of maternal MA consumption on the metabolic features of offspring remain largely unexplored. Herein, through pig models consuming MA-enriched diets during late pregnancy and lactation, we found that maternal MA consumption potentiated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity of sows, thereby improving their reproductive performance and the growth performance of piglets. Maternal MA consumption also induced a transition of slow-twitch to fast-twitch fibers in the early life of offspring. Along with muscle growth and fiber-type transition, insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, including aerobic metabolism and glycolysis, were improved in the skeletal muscle of offspring. An untargeted metabolomic analysis further revealed the contribution of modified amino acid metabolism to the improved aerobic metabolism. Mechanistically, maternal MA consumption remodeled colonic microbiota of their offspring. Briefly, the abundance of Colidextribacter, Romboutsia, and Family_XIII_AD3011_group increased, which were positively associated with the antioxidant capacity and glucose metabolism of skeletal muscles. A decreased abundance of Prevotella, Blautia, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Collinsella was also detected, which were involved in less insulin sensitivity. Notably, milk metabolites, such as ascorbic acid (AA) and granisetron (GS), were found as key effectors regulating the gut microbiota composition of piglets. The properties of AA and GS in alleviating insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress were further verified through mice treated with high-fat diets. Overall, this study revealed that maternal MA consumption could modulate the inflammatory response, antioxidant capacity, and glucose metabolism by regulating the gut microbiota of offspring through the vertical transmission of milk metabolites. These findings suggest the potential of MA in the prevention and treatment of MetS in early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Enfa Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Choi JE, Lee HA, Park SW, Lee JW, Lee JH, Park H, Kim HS. Increase of Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents in Korea during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the KNHANES. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1105. [PMID: 37508602 PMCID: PMC10378374 DOI: 10.3390/children10071105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak utilizing representative data on youth aged 2-18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) conducted in 2019-2020. (2) Methods: The survey consists of three parts: health interviews, health examinations, and nutrition surveys. From the 2019 and 2020 surveys, 1371 (2-9 years = 702 and 10-18 years = 669) and 1124 (2-9 years = 543 and 10-18 years = 581) individuals were included in the analysis. (3) Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) increased significantly among youth aged 2-9 years from 16.53 kg/m2 in 2019 to 17.1 kg/m2 in 2020 (p < 0.01). In youth aged 10-18 years, the BMI was found to increase slightly from 21.25 kg/m2 in 2019 to 21.41 kg/m2 in 2020 (p = 0.64). The increasing prevalence of extreme obesity was significant in girls, especially those aged 2-9 years (p < 0.01). However, extreme obesity had increased in 10-18-year-old boys (p = 0.08). The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents increased from 3.79% to 7.79% during the COVID-19 pandemic (p = 0.01). (4) Conclusions: We observed that the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents has increased after the COVID-19 outbreak. This is believed to be associated with an increase in the rate of early comorbidities in adulthood. The prevention of the progression of pediatric obesity has recently become an urgent public health concern in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Park
- Department of Pediatrics, MizMedi Hospital, Seoul 07639, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyen Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Soon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jacewicz J, Dziuba-Słonina A, Chwałczyńska A. Assessment of Balance Parameters in Children with Weakened Axial Muscle Tone Undergoing Sensory Integration Therapy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050845. [PMID: 37238393 DOI: 10.3390/children10050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Children with weakened axial muscle tone face various problems every day. One is maintaining a stable body posture, which limits their participation in activities and games with peers. The study aimed to assess balance parameters in children with weakened axial muscle tone who underwent sensory integration therapy (SI). The study group consisted of 21 children (divided into three age groups) referred by a doctor for therapy. METHODS The ZEBRIS platform was used to measure the balance parameters (MCoCx, MCoCy, SPL, WoE, HoE, and AoE). The study was conducted twice: before and after two months of sensory integration therapy. The results were compiled using the TIBICO® Statistica software version 13.3.0. RESULTS After the SI program, statistically significant changes were observed in the values of MCoCy_oe, WoE_oe, AoE_oe in the group of four-year-olds, MCoCX_ce in the group of five-year-olds, and in SPL_ce and AoE_ce in six-year-olds. A statistically significant, highly positive correlation was observed between body height and changes in SPL_oe, HoE_oe, and AoE_oe in the group of six-year-olds, as well as in the case of changes in SPL_oe in the group of five-year-olds. In the group of four-year-olds, a statistically significant correlation occurred only between body height and the change in the MCoCx_oe value. CONCLUSIONS the sensory integration therapy used in the study group of 4-6-year-old children with reduced muscle tone gave positive results in the form of improved static balance and balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Jacewicz
- Department of Physiotherapy in Neurology and Pediatrics, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Dziuba-Słonina
- Department of Physiotherapy in Neurology and Pediatrics, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chwałczyńska
- Department of Human Biology, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
AlQahtani S, Aldisi D. Muscle Wasting among Hospitalized Children: A Narrative Review of the Feasibility and Accuracy of Diagnostic Methods. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050795. [PMID: 37238343 DOI: 10.3390/children10050795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is associated with a worse quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality among hospitalized children, especially those with chronic diseases. This review was conducted to summarize the data available on the most feasible and accurate diagnostic methods for detecting muscle wasting among hospitalized children, especially to review the evidence of the accuracy and feasibility of conducting assessments using handgrip strength (HGS). Many diagnostic methods are used in hospital settings to assess muscle wasting, by evaluating either muscle mass or strength, with evidentiary support for assessing muscle mass provided using ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and anthropometry measurements. Currently, the most common diagnostic method used to detect muscle strength loss is the handheld dynamometer. Studies support using HGS among healthy and hospitalized children to assess the overall nutritional status and especially muscle function. However, almost all of these studies have been conducted in hospital settings and recruited children with different chronic diseases using a small sample size. More longitudinal cohort studies with large sample sizes are needed to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using HGS among hospitalized children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikha AlQahtani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dietetics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dara Aldisi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jung HN, Jung CH, Hwang YC. Sarcopenia in youth. Metabolism 2023; 144:155557. [PMID: 37080353 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed causes other than aging that may induce sarcopenia in young people, contrary to the long-studied age-dependent reduction in muscular mass and function. The risk of sarcopenia begins in early adulthood, resulting in exaggerated muscle dysfunction in later life. Despite its clinical significance, research on youth-onset sarcopenia is still in its infancy. Due to a paucity of epidemiologic data and standardized criteria for sarcopenia in youth, determining the prevalence of sarcopenia in the young population remains challenging. Based on the evidence, >1 in every 10 young adults of most ethnicities is estimated to have sarcopenia. This review summarizes the possible etiologies of sarcopenia in young populations, including metabolic syndrome, physical inactivity, inadequate nutrition, inherent and perinatal factors, vitamin D deficiency, endocrinopathy, an imbalance of gut microbiota, neuromuscular diseases, organ failure, malignancy, and other inflammatory disorders. This is the first review of the current knowledge on the importance, prevalence, diagnosis, and causes of sarcopenia in youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Na Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Asan Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Cheol Hwang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 892, Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Han Y, Hu H, Huang Z, Liu D. Association between body mass index and reversion to normoglycemia from impaired fasting glucose among Chinese adults: a 5-year cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1111791. [PMID: 37143738 PMCID: PMC10151769 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1111791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence regarding the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and reversion to normoglycemia from prediabetes is still limited. The purpose of our study is to survey the link of BMI on reversion to normoglycemia among patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Methods This study, a retrospective cohort, covered 32 regions and 11 cities in China and collected 258,74 IFG patients who underwent a health check from 2010 to 2016. We investigated the association between baseline BMI and reversion to normoglycemia in patients with IFG using the Cox proportional-hazards regression model. The nonlinear relationship between BMI and reversion to normoglycemia was determined using a Cox proportional hazards regression with cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting. In addition, we also performed a series of sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses. A competing risk multivariate Cox regression was performed using progression to diabetes as a competing risk for reversal of normoglycemic events. Results After adjusting covariates, the results showed that BMI was negatively related to the probability of reversion to normoglycemia (HR=0.977, 95%CI:0.971-0.984). Compared with participants with normal BMI(<24kg/m2), overweight (BMI:24-28kg/m2) participants with IFG had a 9.9% lower probability of returning to normoglycemia (HR=0.901,95%CI:0.863-0.939), while obese patients (BMI ≥ 28kg/m2) had a 16.9% decreased probability of reverting from IFG to normoglycemia (HR=0.831,95%CI:0.780-0.886). There was also a nonlinear relationship between them, and the inflection point of BMI was 21.7kg/m2. The effect sizes (HR) on the left sides of the inflection point were 0.972(95%CI:0.964-0.980). The competing risks multivariate Cox's regression and sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of our results. Conclusion This study demonstrates a negative and nonlinear relationship between BMI and reversion to normoglycemia in Chinese patients with IFG. Minimizing BMI to 21.7 kg/m2 in patients with IFG through aggressive intervention may significantly increase the probability of returning to normoglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiqiang Huang, ; Dehong Liu,
| | - Dehong Liu
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiqiang Huang, ; Dehong Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zembura M, Matusik P. Sarcopenic Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:914740. [PMID: 35721709 PMCID: PMC9198401 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.914740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is defined as co-occurrence of increased fat mass and sarcopenia and may predict adverse health outcomes in the pediatric population. However, the prevalence of SO and its association with adverse health outcomes have not been well defined in children and adolescents. We systematically reviewed data on the SO definition, prevalence, and adverse outcomes in the pediatric population. A total of 18 articles retrieved from PubMed or Web of Science databases were included. Overall, there was a wide heterogeneity in the methods and thresholds used to define SO. The prevalence of SO ranged from 5.66% to 69.7% in girls, with a range between 7.2% and 81.3% in boys. Of the 8 studies that evaluated outcomes related to SO, all showed a significant association of SO with cardiometabolic outcomes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) severity, inflammation, and mental health. In conclusion, this review found that SO is highly prevalent in children and adolescents and is associated with various adverse health outcomes. Findings of this review highlight the need for the development of a consensus regarding definition, standardized evaluation methods, and age and gender thresholds for SO for different ethnicities in the pediatric population. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between obesity and sarcopenia and SO impact on adverse health outcomes in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Zembura
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Chair of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Correa-Burrows P, Burrows R, Albala C, Court FA, Salech F, Sanhueza G, Gonzalez-Billault C. Multiple events case-control study in a prospective cohort to identify systemic, cellular, and molecular biomarkers of obesity-induced accelerated aging in 30-years-olds: the ObAGE study protocol. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:387. [PMID: 35501766 PMCID: PMC9063300 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of capacities linked to fundamental alterations/damage in multiple cellular and molecular pathways. It is the most significant risk factor for all non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Another contributing factor to the rise in NCDs is obesity. It has been suggested that obesity not only accelerates the onset of metabolic imbalances but also decreases lifespan and impacts cellular and molecular processes in a manner similar to aging. Obesity might accelerate the pace of aging. Guided by a lifecourse approach, we will explore how exposure to obesity in critical developmental stages disrupt homeostatic resilience mechanisms that preserve physiological integrity, inducing an early expression of aging phenotypes. Also, we will determine whether exposure to early psychosocial adversity influences vulnerability to obesity as a risk factor for accelerated aging. Methods Multiple events case–control study embedded in a prospective cohort of Chileans at 30-31y, 50% females, of low- to-middle socioeconomic status, who participated in nutrition research since birth. At 23y, 25% had obesity and cardiometabolic risk was high. We will use a multi-layer approach including: anthropometric assessment; DXA scan for body composition; abdominal ultrasound of the liver; stool samples collection and sequencing of the ribosomal RNA 16S gene to characterize the gut microbiome; determination of age-related pro-inflammatory cytokynes and anti-inflammatory miokynes. For the first time in Chile, we will address age-related epigenetic changes using the Horvath´s epigenetic clock. In a subset we will conduct a controlled physical challenge to characterize physical resilience (autophagy). Discussion ObAGE is in an excellent position to: approach aging as a process whose expression involves multiple factors from the early stages of a person's life; understand how longitudinal changes in health trajectories impact the biological mechanisms of aging; identify potential resilience mechanisms that help prevent unhealthy aging. Because SLS participants are still young, our research setting combined with advanced scientific techniques may identify individuals or groups at risk of early onset health issues. Results from ObAGE may pave the way to address the contribution of obesity to aging through lifespan from cells to systems and might be instrumental to developing interventions to improve health span in the Chilean population. Trial registration The proposed study does not consider any health care intervention on human participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Correa-Burrows
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - R Burrows
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Albala
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F A Court
- Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute On Aging Research, Novato, CA, USA
| | - F Salech
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Sanhueza
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Gonzalez-Billault
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute On Aging Research, Novato, CA, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Córdoba-Rodríguez DP, Iglesia I, Gómez-Bruton A, Álvarez Sauras ML, Miguel-Berges ML, Flores-Barrantes P, Casajús JA, Moreno LA, Rodríguez G. Early Life Factors Associated with Lean Body Mass in Spanish Children: CALINA Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9050585. [PMID: 35626762 PMCID: PMC9139173 DOI: 10.3390/children9050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early life is critical for the programming of body composition. The literature links perinatal factors with fat mass development and its future effects (e.g., obesity); however, little evidence exists between early life factors and lean body mass (LBM). This study follows up on a cohort of 416 Spanish children at ages six to eight, previously evaluated at birth in the CALINA study. Here, we studied the association between early life factors, LBM, and limb strength. Parental origin/nutritional status, maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational diabetes/weight gain/age, birth weight (BW), early feeding, and rapid weight gain (RWG) were collected from primary care records. Bioimpedance analysis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and a handgrip/standing long jump test were used to assess fat-free mass index (FFMI), total lean soft tissue mass index (TLSTMI), muscle cross-sectional area index (MCSAI), and limb strength, respectively. In girls, maternal smoking, gestational age, and BW were positively associated with FFM/LSTM. In boys, the parents’ BMI, BW, and RWG were positively associated with FFM/LSTM. BW was associated with handgrip strength in both. Maternal BMI in girls and RWG in boys were negatively associated with the standing long jump. Early life programming plays a key role in determining LBM in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paola Córdoba-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Iris Iglesia
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (M.L.M.-B.); (P.F.-B.); (J.A.C.); (L.A.M.); (G.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS), RD21/0012/0012, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-876843756
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Bruton
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (M.L.M.-B.); (P.F.-B.); (J.A.C.); (L.A.M.); (G.R.)
- Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María L. Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (M.L.M.-B.); (P.F.-B.); (J.A.C.); (L.A.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Paloma Flores-Barrantes
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (M.L.M.-B.); (P.F.-B.); (J.A.C.); (L.A.M.); (G.R.)
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (M.L.M.-B.); (P.F.-B.); (J.A.C.); (L.A.M.); (G.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (M.L.M.-B.); (P.F.-B.); (J.A.C.); (L.A.M.); (G.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (M.L.M.-B.); (P.F.-B.); (J.A.C.); (L.A.M.); (G.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Área de Pediatría, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Manapurath R, Gadapani B, Pereira-da-Silva L. Body Composition of Infants Born with Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:1085. [PMID: 35268060 PMCID: PMC8912478 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may predispose metabolic diseases in later life. Changes in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) may explain this metabolic risk. This review studied the effect of IUGR on body composition in early infancy. Five databases and included studies from all countries published from 2000 until August 2021 were searched. Participants were IUGR or small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants, and the primary outcomes were FFM and FM. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, of which seven were included in the meta-analysis of primary outcomes. Overall, intrauterine growth-restricted and SGA infants were lighter and shorter than normal intrauterine growth and appropriate-for-gestational age infants, respectively, from birth to the latest follow up. They had lower FFM [mean difference −429.19 (p = 0.02)] and FM [mean difference −282.9 (p < 0.001)]. The issue of whether lower FFM and FM as reasons for future metabolic risk in IUGR infants is intriguing which could be explored in further research with longer follow-up. This review, the first of its kind can be useful for developing nutrition targeted interventions for IUGR infants in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rukman Manapurath
- Maternal and Child Health (Nutrition), Society for Applied Studies, Centre for Health Research and Development, 45-Kalusarai, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Barsha Gadapani
- Maternal and Child Health (Implementation Research), Society for Applied Studies, Centre for Health Research and Development, 45-Kalusarai, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Luís Pereira-da-Silva
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Medicine of Woman, Childhood and Adolescence, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Nr 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- NICU, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen Z, Zou Y, Yang F, Ding XH, Cao C, Hu H, Wang X. Relationship between creatinine to body weight ratios and diabetes mellitus: A Chinese cohort study. J Diabetes 2022; 14:167-178. [PMID: 35001531 PMCID: PMC9060036 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the relationship between creatinine to body weight ratios (Cre/BW ratios) and the prevalence of diabetes is still lacking. The intention of this research was to explore the potential relationship between Cre/BW ratio and diabetes prevalence in Chinese adults. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted on 199 526 patients in the Chinese Rich Healthcare Group from 2010 to 2016. The participants were divided into four groups on the basis of the quartiles of the Cre/BW ratios. Multivariate multiple imputation and dummy variables were used to handle missing values. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to detect the relationship between Cre/BW and diabetes. A smoothing plot was also used to identify whether there were nonlinear relationships. RESULTS After handling missing values and adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that Cre/BW was inversely correlated with diabetes risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.268; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.229-0.314, p < 0.00001). For men, the HR of incident diabetes was 0.255 (95% CI: 0.212-0.307) and for women it was 0.297 (95% CI: 0.218-0.406). Moreover, sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the results. Furthermore, the smoothing plot revealed that there was a saturation effect between Cre/BW and the incidence of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that increased Cre/BW is negatively correlated with diabetes in Chinese adults. It also found that Cre/BW has a nonlinear relationship with the incidence of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangsen Chen
- Department of EndocrinologyPingshan District People's Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yang Zou
- Department of CardiologyJiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research InstituteNanchangChina
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyShenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Xiao han Ding
- Department of EndocrinologyShenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Changchun Cao
- Department of RehabilitationShenzhen Dapeng New District Nan'ao People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Haofei Hu
- Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
- Department of NephrologyShenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyShenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Córdoba-Rodríguez DP, Iglesia I, Gomez-Bruton A, Rodríguez G, Casajús JA, Morales-Devia H, Moreno LA. Fat-free/lean body mass in children with insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:58. [PMID: 35065638 PMCID: PMC8783460 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lean / Fat Free Body Mass (LBM) is metabolically involved in active processes such as resting energy expenditure, glucose uptake, and myokine secretion. Nonetheless, its association with insulin sensitivity / resistance / glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome remains unclear in childhood. METHODS The current investigation aimed to examine the differences in fat-free mass /lean body mass according to the presence of insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome in children. A systematic search was carried out in Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, covering the period from each database's respective start to 21 June 2021. Two researchers evaluated 7111 studies according to the inclusion criteria: original human studies, written in English or Spanish, evaluating fat-free mass/lean body mass in children and adolescents including both with and without insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance /glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome and reported the differences between them in terms of fat free mass/lean body mass. The results of the studies were combined with insulin sensitivity, insulin, resistance, glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome. The standardized mean difference (SMD) in each study was calculated and combined using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was tested using the index of heterogeneity (I2), leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were performed, and publication bias was assessed using the Egger and Begg tests. RESULTS Finally, 15 studies which compared groups defined according to different glucose homeostasis criteria or metabolic syndrome out of 103 eligible studies were included in this systematic review and 12 studies in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed lower fat-free mass/lean body mass percentage in participants with insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome (SMD -0.47; 95% CI, - 0.62 to - 0.32) while in mass units (kg), higher values were found in the same group (SMD, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.60). CONCLUSIONS Our results identified lower values of fat-free mass/lean body mass (%) in children and adolescents with insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome and higher values of fat-free mass/lean body mass when these are expressed in kg. The evidence of the impact of lean mass on children's glucose homeostasis or metabolic syndrome is limited, so future studies research should focus on explaining the effect of fat-free mass/lean body mass on different metabolic outcomes. Moreover, it may be interesting to evaluate the quality (muscle density) or functional (muscle strength) outcomes in addition to both absolute (kg) and relative (%) values in future studies. The systematic review was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019124734; available at: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero [accessed: 05 April 2019]).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Iglesia
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hernan Morales-Devia
- Biblioteca General Alfonso Borrero Cabal, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gilani M, Shepherd S, Nichols B, Gerasimidis K, Choong Wong S, Mason A. Evaluation of Body Composition in Paediatric Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:81-88. [PMID: 33582031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a skeletal disorder characterised by a predisposition to recurrent fractures and bone deformities. Clinically OI is defined by features such as short stature, however, less is known regarding body composition. Assess body composition, both lean mass and fat mass, in a paediatric OI population. Children with OI attending the Bone service at the Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow were included; who had a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan performed 2015-2018. Height and body-mass-index (BMI) were converted to standard-deviation scores (SDS) using UK population references. DXA-derived lean mass and fat mass were used to generate lean-mass-index (LMI) and fat-mass-index (FMI) by dividing the covariates by height squared. LMI and FMI were converted to age-and-gender-adjusted SDS using DXA data from 198 local healthy children. Thirty-eight children (20 males) with median age 11.95 (range: 4.8, 18.3) years were included. Median height SDS was -1.08 (-3.64, 1.62) and was significantly lower than the healthy population (p<0.0001). Median BMI SDS was -0.10 (-2.31, 2.95), and not significantly different from the healthy population (p = 0.53). Median LMI SDS was -2.52 (-6.94, 0.77), and significantly lower than healthy controls (p<0.0001); 61% (23/38) had an SDS below -2.0. Median FMI SDS was 0.69 (-0.45, 2.72), significantly higher than healthy controls (p < 0.0001). BMI SDS cut-offs of -0.15 and 1.33, from ROC analysis, identified children with LMI SDS <-2, with a positive predictive value of 95% and a negative predictive value of 70%; and FMI SDS >2 with a positive predictive value of 44% and a negative predictive value of 100%. A contemporary population of children with ranging severities of OI present with significant reduction in height and lean mass, and relatively high fat mass. Standard BMI SDS cut-offs for identifying children with malnutrition and obesity have poor prognostic validity in OI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misha Gilani
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Shepherd
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Nichols
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sze Choong Wong
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Avril Mason
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu D, Shi L, Xu Q, Zeng Y, Lin X, Li X, Zhao H, Zhu Z, Fu Y, Li H, Dong X. The Different Effects of Skeletal Muscle and Fat Mass on Height Increment in Children and Adolescents Aged 6-11 Years: A Cohort Study From China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915490. [PMID: 35937846 PMCID: PMC9352863 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the contribution of body composition including skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and body fat mass (BFM) to longitudinal growth among children and adolescents aged 6-11 years old. METHODS This cohort study was conducted from the annual health examination between 2019 and 2020. Annual height gain and weight gain and changes in SMM and BFM were calculated and compared between sexes, different nutritional status, and growth curve shifting mode. Spearman analyses and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to identify the impact of SMM, BFM, or body mass index (BMI) on height gain. RESULTS Of the 584 subjects, the annual height gains of boys (4.76 cm in the 6-9-year group and 4.63 cm in the 10-11-year group) were significantly lower than those of girls (5.48 and 5.74 cm, respectively). Spearman analysis showed that SMM gain and height gain were positively and significantly correlated in each examination of all children (r = 0.535 for boys and 0.734 for girls, p < 0.001). Conversely, BFM and height gains were negatively (r = -0.5240 for boys and -0.232 for girls, p < 0.001) correlated. Multiple linear regression analysis identified SMM gain as an independent predictor (95% CI: 1.20,1.44) of height gain after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, BFM gain, and percentage of body fat (PBF). CONCLUSION SMM gains, rather than BFM gains, were associated with height gains in children and adolescents aged 6-11 years. Monitoring SMM changes in routine healthcare might motivate children and adolescents to achieve dietary and exercise recommendations, thereby growing taller without gaining excessive weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingting Wu
- Department of Nutrition division, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Liuhong Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medical, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Xu
- Department of Medicine, Liangzhu Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Nutrition division, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Xihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Affiliated Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Nutrition division, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Hanxin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Affiliated Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- Office of Health Monitoring and Statistics, Yiwu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yiwu, China
| | - Yeliu Fu
- Department of Nutrition division, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Affiliated Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehong Dong, ; Hong Li,
| | - Xuehong Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Affiliated Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehong Dong, ; Hong Li,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Córdoba-Rodríguez DP, Iglesia I, Gómez-Bruton A, Miguel-Berges ML, Flores-Barrantes P, Casajús JA, Moreno LA, Rodríguez G. Associations between Spanish children's physical activity and physical fitness with lean body mass: The CALINA study. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:401-412. [PMID: 34720058 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1994728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the associations between physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) with lean body mass (LBM) and evaluated whether PA mediates the association between PF and LBM. 279 children (150 boys) aged 7.5 ± 0.3 years participated in the study. PA was assessed by accelerometry and PF with handgrip and the standing long jump test. Total lean soft tissue mass index (TLSTMI), muscle cross-sectional area index (MCSAI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and bioimpedance analysis, respectively.Total (β = 0.247) and vigorous PA (β = 0.143) were associated with TLSTMI in girls. In boys, total (β = 0.337), light (β = 0.290), vigorous (β = 0.200), and moderate-vigorous PA (β = 0.189) were associated with TLSTMI. Total PA was associated with FFMI (β = 0.299). Handgrip strength does not mediate the relationship between total PA and TLSTMI. Positive associations were found between handgrip strength and TLSTMI, MCSAI, and FFMI in both girls and boys.In children, there is a positive association between total and vigorous PA with TLSTMI. Handgrip strength does not mediate the relationship between total PA and TLSTMI. It was associated with TLSTMI, MCSAI, and FFMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Iglesia
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España.,Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (Iis Aragón), Zaragoza, España.,Red De Salud Materno Infantil Y Del Desarrollo (Samid), Instituto De Salud Carlos Iii, Madrid, España
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Bruton
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España.,Facultad De Ciencias De La Salud Y Del Deporte (Fcsd), Departamento De Fisiatría Y Enfermería, Universidad De Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos Iii Madrid, España
| | - María L Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España
| | - Paloma Flores-Barrantes
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España.,Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (Iis Aragón), Zaragoza, España.,Facultad De Ciencias De La Salud Y Del Deporte (Fcsd), Departamento De Fisiatría Y Enfermería, Universidad De Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos Iii Madrid, España
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España.,Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (Iis Aragón), Zaragoza, España.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos Iii Madrid, España
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España.,Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (Iis Aragón), Zaragoza, España.,Red De Salud Materno Infantil Y Del Desarrollo (Samid), Instituto De Salud Carlos Iii, Madrid, España.,Área De Pediatría, Universidad De Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xiao P, Cheng H, Yan Y, Liu J, Zhao X, Li H, Mi J. High BMI with Adequate Lean Mass Is Not Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents. J Nutr 2021; 151:1213-1221. [PMID: 33245131 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increasing number of studies investigating the links between increased BMI and a better prognosis of cardiovascular disease, which has been termed the "obesity paradox," few of them take the lean mass into consideration. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the associations of body composition compartments, especially the lean mass, with cardiometabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents. METHODS In a nationwide cross-sectional study of 6- to 18-y-old children (n = 8967, 50.1% boys), we measured body composition using DXA scan, and calculated BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and lean mass index (LMI). The exploratory outcomes were cardiometabolic abnormalities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Adjusted linear regression coefficients and ORs were calculated to assess the associations between body composition indicators and cardiometabolic abnormalities. RESULTS Unlike BMI and FMI, LMI was inversely associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (β: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.03; P < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (β: -0.08; 95% CI: -0.11, -0.05; P < 0.001), non-HDL cholesterol (β: -0.10; 95% CI: -0.13, -0.08; P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (β: -0.12; 95% CI: -0.14, -0.09; P < 0.001), and total cholesterol (TC) (β: -0.16; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.14; P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, all the odds of cardiometabolic abnormalities were increased from the lowest quartile to the highest quartile of BMI and FMI (P-trend < 0.05); however, the odds of high TC, high LDL cholesterol, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance were decreased with LMI (P-trend < 0.05). Obese children with high LMI did not have significantly increased odds of high TC, high LDL cholesterol, and high non-HDL cholesterol compared with normal-weight children without high LMI. CONCLUSIONS Greater lean mass may have a protective impact on high TC, high LDL cholesterol, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance in children and adolescents. This finding suggests that the "obesity paradox" may be partly explained by high lean mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiao
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yinkun Yan
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Larsen MN, Krustrup P, Araújo Póvoas SC, Castagna C. Accuracy and reliability of the InBody 270 multi-frequency body composition analyser in 10-12-year-old children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247362. [PMID: 33770106 PMCID: PMC7996997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was at examining the validity and reliability of a marketed bioimpedance (BIA) scale for body composition assessment, in children engaged in an educational football project (FIFA 11 for Health). One-hundred and twenty-seven children (70 boys and 57 girls; age 10.7±0.5 years, body mass 41.2±9.0 kg, Body mass index 18.5±3.3 kg·m-2 and stature 149±7 cm) were evaluated for total body mass, lean body mass, muscle mass, using BIA (InBody 270, Biospace, California, USA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, Lunar Prodigy, GE Medical Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA), at baseline conditions. Data analyses were carried out separately for girls and boys. Nearly perfect associations (r = 0.97−0.99) and excellent absolute (TEM = 0.04−1.9%) and relative (ICC = 0.98−1.00) inter-device reliability were found between DEXA and BIA variables. Fat and lean body mass bias (p < .0001) were practically relevant both for the boys (2.56 and 11.22 kg, respectively) and the girls (2.33 and 10.49 kg, respectively). Muscle mass and body fat were underestimated and overestimated, respectively, for the boys and girls. InBody 270 is a valid BIA system for estimating body composition with an excellent inter-device relative and absolute reliability. However, the remarkable measurements bias of BIA fat and muscle mass values discourage its use for clinical prescription. The BIA body composition biases were sex dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Nejst Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai (SUS), China
| | - Susana Cristina Araújo Póvoas
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Carlo Castagna
- Technical Department, Fitness Training and Biomechanics Laboratory, Italian Football Federation, Coverciano, Florence, Italy
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Song P, Han P, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Tao Z, Jiang Z, Shen S, Wu Y, Wu J, Chen X, Yu X, Zhao Y, Guo Q. Muscle mass rather than muscle strength or physical performance is associated with metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:191. [PMID: 33740914 PMCID: PMC7980667 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine whether muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance were associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. METHODS The study comprised of 1413 community-dwelling Chinese participants (577 men; mean ± standard deviation age: 71.3 ± 5.9) recruited from Tianjin and Shanghai, China who were invited to participate in a comprehensive geriatric assessment. The International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome guidelines were used to define MetS, including high waist circumference, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose, elevated triglycerides, and reduced HDL cholesterol. Muscle mass was measured by appendicular skeletal muscle mass/weight (ASM/weight), and ASM was measured by BIA. Muscle strength was measured using grip strength. Physical performance was represented by walking speed and the time up and go test (TUGT). RESULTS The overall prevalence of MetS was 46.8% (34.1% in males and 55.5% in females). In the final logistic regression model, there was a significant, graded inverse association between muscle mass and MetS (p for trend = 0.014). Muscle strength and physical performance, including walking speed and TUGT, were not associated with overall MetS. In the components of MetS, muscle mass and grip strength were significantly inversely associated with high waist circumference and elevated blood pressure (p < 0.05), while physical performance was not associated with components of MetS. CONCLUSIONS Compared with muscle strength and muscle function, muscle mass was inversely associated with MetS in a community-dwelling elderly Chinese population. Among muscle mass、muscle strength and physical performance, muscle mass appears to have the strongest association with MetS in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yinjiao Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease-Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoying Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Zhengxing Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Shijing Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yunxiao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jiajie Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
High molecular weight adiponectin levels are inversely associated with adiposity in pediatric brain tumor survivors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18606. [PMID: 33122755 PMCID: PMC7596561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While children with brain tumors are surviving at record rates, survivors are at risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus; these conditions may be driven by excess body fat. Adiponectin in an adipokine that is inversely associated with the fat mass, and has been linked to cardiometabolic risk stratification in the general population. However, adiponectin’s profile and determinants in SCBT have not been established. We tested the hypothesis that high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels, the more biologically active form of adiponectin, were associated with adiposity in SCBT similarly to non-cancer controls. Seventy-four SCBT (n = 32 female) and 126 controls (n = 59 female) who were 5–17 years old were included. Partial correlations and multivariable regression analyses assessed the relationship between HMW adiponectin and adiposity. HMW adiponectin was inversely associated with total and central adiposity (FM%: β − 0.21, 95% CI − 0.15, − 0.08; p value < 0.0001; WHR: β − 0.14, 95% CI − 0.02, − 0.01; p value < 0.0001 ;WHtR: β − 0.21, 95% CI − 0.05, − 0.03; p value < 0.0001). In conclusion, HMW adiponectin is inversely correlated with adiposity in SCBT. Adiponectin may serve as a biomarker of cardiometabolic risk and response to interventions to prevent and manage obesity and its comorbidities in SCBT.
Collapse
|
26
|
Nishida K, Hashimoto Y, Kaji A, Okamura T, Sakai R, Kitagawa N, Osaka T, Hamaguchi M, Fukui M. Creatinine/(cystatin C × body weight) ratio is associated with skeletal muscle mass index. Endocr J 2020; 67:733-740. [PMID: 32213726 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the creatinine (Cre) to cystatin C (CysC) ratio is associated with height-adjusted skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). However, weight-adjusted SMI is reported to be a more useful marker of insulin sensitivity than height-adjusted SMI. Thus, we hypothesized that the creatinine to (cystatin C × body weight [BW]) relationship (Cre/[CysC × BW]) might be associated with weight-adjusted SMI. In this cross-sectional study of 169 males and 132 females, a body composition analyzer was used and the weight-adjusted SMI was calculated as (absolute muscle mass [kg]/BW [kg]) × 100. The cut-off of low muscle mass was defined as weight-adjusted SMI <37.0% for males and <28.0% for females. The Cre/(CysC × BW) was correlated with weight-adjusted SMI in both males (r = 0.484, p < 0.001) and females (r = 0.538, p < 0.001). In addition, Cre/(CysC × BW) was associated with weight-adjusted SMI in both males (standardized β = 0.493, p < 0.001) and females (standardized β = 0.570, p < 0.001) after adjusting for covariates. According to the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the optimal cut-off point of Cre/(CysC × BW) for low muscle mass was 0.0145 (area under the ROC curve [AUC] 0.756 [95% confidence interval {95% CI} 0.644-0.842], sensitivity = 0.96, specificity = 0.47, p < 0.001) in males and 0.0090 (AUC 0.976 [95% CI 0.894-0.995], sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.93, p < 0.001) in females. There is a correlation between Cre/(CysC × BW) and weight-adjusted SMI. The Cre/(CysC × BW) could be a practical screening marker for low muscle mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Nishida
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kaji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryousuke Sakai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kitagawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diabetology, Kameoka City Hospital, Kameoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Osaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ayabe City Hospital, Ayabe, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pacifico L, Perla FM, Andreoli G, Grieco R, Pierimarchi P, Chiesa C. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated With Low Skeletal Muscle Mass in Overweight/Obese Youths. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:158. [PMID: 32351917 PMCID: PMC7174581 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies in adult non-elderly and elderly individuals have reported a link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia. Nonetheless, whether this relationship would be found outside these populations it is still unknown. Hence, we evaluated the relationship between NAFLD and skeletal muscle mass in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. Methods: Two-hundred and thirty-four overweight/obese youths were enrolled. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasononography, after exclusion of infectious and metabolic disorders. Forty of the patients with NAFLD had also liver biopsy. Total and regional lean body mass and total fat mass measurements were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The relative muscle mass (RMM) was defined as the percent of muscle mass (kg) relative to the sum of muscle and fat (kg) mass. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was calculated by the sum of muscle masses of the four limbs (kg), and expressed as percent of body weight. Results: Subjects were stratified according to tertiles of RMM. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, NAFLD as well as biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was significantly increased in the lowest tertile of RMM. After controlling for age, sex and Tanner stage, children in the lowest tertile of RMM had an increased risk for NAFLD (OR= 2.80, 95% CI=1.57-5.02) compared to those in the other two tertiles. This association persisted after additional adjustments for clinical and metabolic variables. Similarly, the risk of NAFLD in the lowest tertile of ASM/weight index was significantly higher compared to those in the other two tertiles after adjustment for the above confounders. Conclusions: This is the first study to establish an independent association between low muscle mass and NAFLD/NASH in overweight/obese youths. Considering the worldwide increase of pediatric obesity, measurements of muscle mass may serve as useful method of identifying among obese children those at high metabolic risk who may need intensive lifestyle interventions to prevent NAFLD and its progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pacifico
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosangela Grieco
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Chiesa
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Orsso CE, Tibaes JRB, Rubin DA, Field CJ, Heymsfield SB, Prado CM, Haqq AM. Metabolic implications of low muscle mass in the pediatric population: a critical review. Metabolism 2019; 99:102-112. [PMID: 31348927 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is recognized as a tissue with high metabolic capacity given its key roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. Although low muscle mass has been associated with metabolic disorders in adults, it is not clear if this body composition phenotype is related to metabolic health status earlier in life. In this review, we aim to clarify whether having low muscle mass is associated with increased risk of metabolic dysregulation in the pediatric population. Fifteen original articles investigating the relationship between body composition measures of muscle mass and single or clustered metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents were critically evaluated. Despite a growing body of evidence supporting low muscle mass as a risk factor for metabolic health in children and adolescents, conflicting associations were reported. Differences in body composition techniques, muscle mass indices, and clinical methods used to assess metabolic biomarkers may have contributed to a lack of a consistent conclusion. Moreover, most studies did not control for potential biological and lifestyle confounders. Future studies using precise, reproducible techniques to evaluate body composition and metabolic biomarkers are required to determine the implications of low muscle mass on metabolic health during childhood and adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila E Orsso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health and Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jenneffer R B Tibaes
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health and Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Food Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627 Presidente Antônio Carlos Avenue, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Rubin
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, 800 N. State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-126C Li Ka Shing Centre for Health and Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health and Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health and Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 1C4.09 Walter C. Mackenzie Centre, 8440-112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Orsso CE, Tibaes JRB, Oliveira CLP, Rubin DA, Field CJ, Heymsfield SB, Prado CM, Haqq AM. Low muscle mass and strength in pediatrics patients: Why should we care? Clin Nutr 2019; 38:2002-2015. [PMID: 31031136 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays major roles in metabolism and overall health across the lifecycle. Emerging evidence indicates that prenatal (maternal diet during pregnancy and genetic defects) and postnatal factors (physical activity, hormones, dietary protein, and obesity) influence muscle mass acquisition and strength early in life. As a consequence, low muscle mass and strength contributes to several adverse health outcomes during childhood. Specifically, studies demonstrated inverse associations of muscle mass and strength to single and clustered metabolic risk factors. The literature also consistently reports that low muscle mass and strength are associated with reduced bone parameters during growth, increasing the risk of osteoporosis in old age. Furthermore, muscle mass gains are associated with improved neurodevelopment in the first years of life. Given these negative implications of low muscle mass and strength on health, it is crucial to track muscle mass and strength development from childhood to adolescence. Several body composition techniques are currently available for estimation of muscle mass, all with unique advantages and disadvantages. The value of ultrasound as a technique to measure muscle mass is emerging in pediatric research with potential for translating the research findings to clinical settings. For the assessment of muscle strength, the handgrip strength test has been widely employed but without a standardized protocol. Although further research is needed to define normative data and cut points for the low muscle mass and strength phenotype, the use of such non-invasive medical monitoring is a promising strategy to identify early abnormalities and prevent low muscle mass in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila E Orsso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jenneffer R B Tibaes
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Food Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila L P Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniela A Rubin
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun H, Liu Q, Wang X, Li M, Fan Y, Song G, Liu Y. The longitudinal increments of serum alanine aminotransferase increased the incidence risk of metabolic syndrome: A large cohort population in China. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 488:242-247. [PMID: 30381232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is well known to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), prospective data on longitudinal increments in ALT activities and incident cases of MetS are limited. We analyzed the impact of longitudinal increments of ALT on MetS based on a health check-up population in China. METHODS A total of 4491 subjects free of MetS who completed at least two annual health examinations during March 2010 to April 2016 were enrolled in this cohort study. The MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement criteria 2009. The RRs of incident MetS were estimated by using the Cox model and the Joint model in R software. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of MetS was 18.55% during the 7 years of follow-up. In the Cox model, the estimated RR of developing MetS was 1.751 (95% CI =1.532-2.000) for 1 unit augmented in LNALT-0 level. In the Joint model, the estimated RR of developing MetS was 3.626 (95% CI = 2.721-4.831) for 1 unit augmented in LNALT activity longitudinally. CONCLUSIONS The longitudinal increment of individuals' ALT activity over time increased the incidence risk of MetS and the effects generated by longitudinal increments of ALT on MetS was higher than that generated by baseline ALT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Sun
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qigui Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongjun Fan
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guirong Song
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- The Physical Examination Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The rationale of diabetes related fatigue syndrome and interventions.
![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Shin-Yu Lien
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chung-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linko Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jawl-Shan Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linko Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Der Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Duan Y, Li F, Tan B, Yao K, Yin Y. Metabolic control of myofibers: promising therapeutic target for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Obes Rev 2017; 18:647-659. [PMID: 28391659 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscles are composed of two major fibre types (I and II) that differ in terms of size, metabolism and contractile properties. In general, slow-twitch type I fibres are rich in mitochondria and have a greater insulin sensitivity than fast-twitch type II skeletal muscles. Although not widely appreciated, a forced induction of the slow skeletal muscle phenotype may inhibit the progress of obesity and diabetes. This potentially forms the basis for targeting slow/oxidative myofibers in the treatment of obesity. In this context, a better understanding of the molecular basis of fibre-type specification and plasticity may help to identify potential therapeutic targets for obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, CICSAP, Changsha, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, CICSAP, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|