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Mahomva CR, Smith KA, Minkah PAB, Witt BL, Oakley GM, Orlandi RR, Alt JA, Pulsipher A. Chemokine CCL19 and Its Receptors CCR7 and CCRL1 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2991-3002. [PMID: 38764495 PMCID: PMC11102069 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s453567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background CCL19 has been shown to predict disease severity in COVID-19 and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis. CCL19 can exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects and is elevated in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, its role in CRS remains unknown. This study sought to determine the transcriptional changes in CCL19, its receptors, and associated cytokines and their association with disease severity in CRS. Methods A clinical database of control subjects and patients with CRS was examined. Lund-Kennedy, Lund-Mackay, Sinonasal Outcomes Test 22 (SNOT-22), and rhinosinusitis disability index (RSDI) scores were collected at enrollment. mRNA was extracted from sinonasal tissues and subjected to multiplex gene expression analysis. Gene transcript differences between patients with CRS and controls were compared and correlated with disease severity metrics. Immunohistochemical analyses of CCL19, CCR7, and CCRL1 were conducted to compare differences in protein expression between cohorts. A subgroup analysis was performed to compare transcriptional and protein expression difference between patients with (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps and controls. Results Thirty-eight subjects (control group, n=7; CRS group, n=31) were included in this study. CCRL1 (p=0.0093) and CCR7 (p=0.017) levels were significantly elevated in CRS compared to those in controls. CCL19 (p=0.038) and CCR7 (p=0.0097) levels were elevated in CRSwNP and CCRL1 was elevated in CRSsNP (p=0.0004). CCR7 expression was significantly elevated in sinonasal epithelial cells in CRSwNP (p=0.04). CCL19 expression was positively correlated with TNFA expression (p<0.0002). CCL19 and CCR7 expression was positively correlated with SNOT-22 and RSDI scores (p<0.05). Conclusion CCL19 and CCR7 may modulate TNF-α-driven pro-inflammatory signaling and contribute to increased disease severity in CRS. Mechanistic studies are required to further elucidate the role of CCRL1 in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengetai R Mahomva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kristine A Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Prince A B Minkah
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Benjamin L Witt
- Cytopathology Section, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gretchen M Oakley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Richard R Orlandi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Huang J, Xu Y. Autoimmunity: A New Focus on Nasal Polyps. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098444. [PMID: 37176151 PMCID: PMC10179643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has long been considered a benign, chronic inflammatory, and hyperplastic disease. Recent studies have shown that autoimmune-related mechanisms are involved in the pathology of nasal polyps. Activated plasma cells, eosinophils, basophils, innate type 2 lymphocytes, mast cells, and proinflammatory cytokine in polyp tissue indicate the mobilization of innate and adaptive immune pathways during polyp formation. The discovery of a series of autoantibodies further supports the autoimmune nature of nasal polyps. Local homeostasis dysregulation, infection, and chronic inflammation may trigger autoimmunity through several mechanisms, including autoantigens overproduction, microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, superantigens, activation or inhibition of receptors, bystander activation, dysregulation of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), epitope spreading, autoantigens complementarity. In this paper, we elaborated on the microbiome-mediated mechanism, abnormal host immunity, and genetic changes to update the role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Arnold MC, Poonia S, Colquitt L, Lin C, Civantos A, Kohanski M, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Reed DR, Cohen NA. Association between the HLA-DQA1 rs1391371 risk allele and chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:1075-1077. [PMID: 34990088 PMCID: PMC9256855 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique C Arnold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seerat Poonia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Cailu Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa Civantos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Kohanski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James N Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Noam A Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To perform analysis of evidence in current literature on the topic of genetics and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with a particular focus on recent findings in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), genes associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia, and taste receptor T2R38. Other genes that have been found to have association with CRS are also presented and discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies in CFTR and CRS research have investigated possible CFTR-potentiators for treatment of refractory CRS. The T2R38 gene has been shown to be applicable in the clinical setting with a testable phenotype and may have a role in the prognosis and influencing management strategies of CRS patients. Many genes of the immune system have been studied, with genome-wide association studies and candidate-gene approaches identifying new associations that will need replication and further elucidation. SUMMARY CRS is a multifactorial disease, with strong evidence of a genetic component in its pathophysiology for some cases. Currently, there are over 70 genes that have been genetically associated with CRS in the past 15 years. Future investigations into genetic causes and predispositions of CRS may allow for improved prognostication and development of disease-prevention strategies as well as novel therapeutic targets.
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Impact of Toll-Like Receptors 2/3/4/9, IL-1-α/β and TNF-α Polymorphisms in Cervical Cancer Susceptibility in Tunisia. Pathol Oncol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang G, Zhang J, Kuang M, Lin P. The role of TNF alpha polymorphism and expression in susceptibility to nasal polyposis. Immunol Invest 2018; 47:360-371. [PMID: 29388847 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1433204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guimin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manbao Kuang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Bohman A, Juodakis J, Oscarsson M, Bacelis J, Bende M, Torinsson Naluai Å. A family-based genome-wide association study of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps implicates several genes in the disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185244. [PMID: 29253858 PMCID: PMC5734761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is largely unknown. Previous studies have given valuable information about genetic variants associated with this disease but much is still unexplained. Our goal was to identify genetic markers and genes associated with susceptibility to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps using a family-based genome-wide association study. METHODS 427 patients (293 males and 134 females) with CRSwNP and 393 controls (175 males and 218 females) were recruited from several Swedish hospitals. SNP association values were generated using DFAM (implemented in PLINK) and Efficient Mixed Model Association eXpedited (EMMAX). Analyses of pathway enrichment, gene expression levels and expression quantitative trait loci were then performed in turn. RESULTS None of the analysed SNPs reached genome wide significant association of 5.0 x 10-8. Pathway analyses using our top 1000 markers with the most significant association p-values resulted in 138 target genes. A comparison between our target genes and gene expression data from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database showed significant overlap for 36 of these genes. Comparisons with data from expression quantitative trait loci showed the most skewed allelic distributions in cases with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps compared with controls for the genes HLCS, HLA-DRA, BICD2, VSIR and SLC5A1. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that HLCS, HLA-DRA, BICD2, VSIR and SLC5A1 could be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. HLA-DRA has been associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in previous studies and HLCS, BICD2, VSIR and SLC5A1 may be new targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Bohman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julius Juodakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Oscarsson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bacelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bende
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Åsa Torinsson Naluai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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İsmi O, Özcan C, Polat G, Kul S, Görür K, Pütürgeli T. TNF-α and IL-1 β Cytokine Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Nasal Polyposis. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 55:51-56. [PMID: 29392055 DOI: 10.5152/tao.2017.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Nasal Polyp (NP) is a benign mass of the paranasal sinuses that protrudes into the nasal cavity. The exact underlying pathogenesis is not known. In this study we aimed to determine the genetic susceptibility of NP formation in relation to TNF-α-308 and IL-1β-511 promoter region gene polymorphisms. Methods A total of 71 patients with NP with asthma (n=21) or without asthma (n=50) were taken as the study group, and 91 healthy volunteers were taken as the control group. Blood was gathered into EDTA-containing tubes, and patient DNA was extracted. The polymorphisms of the IL-β and TNF-α cytokine genes were analyzed using real time polymerase chain reaction. Results The GG genotype in the TNF-α-308 region and the CC genotype in the IL-1β-511 region were found to be risk factors for NP formation (OR: 9.2, p=0.007 and OR: 33.3, p=0.001, respectively). Regarding allelic frequencies, the G allele at the TNF-α-308 promoter region was a risk factor for NP formation (OR: 6.06, p<0.001). Conclusion TNF-α GG genotype in the -308 promoter region and the IL-1β CC genotype in the -511 region are genetic risk factors for NP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur İsmi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Özcan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gürbüz Polat
- Department of Biochemistry, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seval Kul
- Department of Biostatistics, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kemal Görür
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Pütürgeli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
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9
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Misron K, Hamid SSA, Ahmad A, Ramli RR. A Study of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Tumour Necrosis Factor α-1031 And Tumour Necrosis Factor β+ 252 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 10:241-247. [PMID: 28449554 PMCID: PMC5545697 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2016.01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This case-controlled study aimed to identify the association of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-1031 and TNFβ+ 252 gene polymorphisms between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and healthy controls. Another purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of these gene polymorphisms with factors related to CRS. METHODS All deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples were genotyped for TNFα-1031 and TNFβ+252 genes by mean of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). The statistical analysis were carried out using chi-square test or Fisher exact test to determine the associations of these gene polymorphisms in CRS. Multiple logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of these gene polymorphisms in CRS and its related risk factors. RESULTS The genotype and allele frequencies of TNFα-1031 and TNFβ+252 gene did not show any significant associations between CRS and healthy controls. However, a significantly statistical difference of TNFα-1031 was observed in CRS participants with atopy (P-value, 0.045; odds ratio, 3.66) but not in CRS with asthma or aspirin intolerance. CONCLUSION Although the presence of TNFα-1031 and TNFβ+252 gene polymorphisms did not render any significant associations between CRS and healthy control, this study suggests that TNFα-1031 gene polymorphisms in CRS patients with atopy may be associated with increase susceptibility towards CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisak Misron
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suzina Sheikh Ab Hamid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad
- Basic Science and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ramiza Ramza Ramli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Zidi S, Sghaier I, Gazouani E, Mezlini A, Yacoubi-Loueslati B. Evaluation of Toll-Like Receptors 2/3/4/9 Gene Polymorphisms in Cervical Cancer Evolution. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:323-30. [PMID: 26548749 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-0009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulative epidemiological evidence suggests that polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors signaling pathway elucidated the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human diseases whose gaining a primordial importance. The aim of our study is to identify the role of TLR 2 (-196 to -174 del), TLR 3 (1377 C>T), TLR 4 (Asp299Gly) and TLR 9 (G2848A) gene polymorphisms with the evolution of cervical cancer in Tunisian women. Blood samples were collected from histopathologically confirmed patients with cervical cancer and unrelated healthy female controls of similar ethnicity. Genotyping of the analyzed polymorphisms were done using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. For the TLR 2, Ins/Ins genotype is a protector factor [p = 0.006; OR: 0.35(0.16-0.73)] and the dominant genotype of TLR 3 increased the risk of CC in stage (III+IV); C/C versus C/T [p = 0.033; OR: 2.03(1.00-4.13)] and C/C versus C/T+T/T [p = 0.036; OR: 1.93(1.00-3.74)]. For TLR 4, the dominant genotype Asp/Asp is implicated in the occurrence of CC in stage (I+II) [p = 0.000; OR: 4.55(1.58-13.06)], [p = 0.001; OR: 3.49(1.44-8.45)] and in stage (III+IV) [p = 0.038; OR: 3.77(0.87-16.29)], [p = 0.007; OR: 5.21(1.65-16.46)] and the major allele Asp is a risk factor for the development of tumor in stage (I+II). The TLR2 Ins/Del genotype is associated with tumor evolution to stage (III+IV) [p = 0.003; OR: 3.00 (1.22-7.35)] and the genotypes Gly/Gly and Asp/Gly+Gly/Gly and Gly allele of TLR 4 are implicated in tumor evolution to the advanced stages. Further, TLR 2, TLR 3, TLR 4 and TLR 9 gene polymorphisms are implicated in the modulation of CC risk due to tobacco usage and statue of menopause among cases. Our study suggests a relationship between the incidence of the TLR2, TLR 3, TLR 4 and TLR9 mutations and the clinical progression of CC according to the FIGO classification. However, future studies with different demographic and clinical characteristics in ethnically diverse populations may provide a more comprehensive involvement of innate immunity in cervical cancer etiology in women worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Zidi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Micro-Organisms and Active Biomolecules, El Manar University, 2092 El MANAR I, 1092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ikram Sghaier
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Micro-Organisms and Active Biomolecules, El Manar University, 2092 El MANAR I, 1092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ezzedine Gazouani
- Laboratory of Immunology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Besma Yacoubi-Loueslati
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Micro-Organisms and Active Biomolecules, El Manar University, 2092 El MANAR I, 1092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the recent literature on risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with an emphasis on genetic, comorbid diseases and environmental factors associated with CRS. Through identifying potential risk factors for CRS, we aim to glean insights into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings demonstrate that genetics and comorbid medical conditions including airway diseases, gastroesophageal reflux disease, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and various demographic and environmental factors are associated with having a CRS diagnosis. Limitations of current studies include variable application of disease definitions, lack of prospective longitudinal studies and a disproportionate focus on tertiary care populations. SUMMARY CRS has a broad spectrum of associations ranging from genetics to comorbid diseases and environmental factors. These predisposing factors may provide valuable information for possible designing of therapeutic and preventive interventions. However, to better understand whether these associations cause CRS, further studies are needed to independently replicate findings, establish temporal relationships between exposure and disease onset, evaluate the influence of exposure dose on disease severity, and to understand the biological effects of these risk factors in the context of CRS.
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12
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Malagutti N, Stomeo F, Pelucchi S, Ronchin R, Ceccon M, Malacrida G, Ciorba A, Pastore A, Borin M, Rizzo R. Analysis of Il-10 gene sequence in patients with sinonasal polyposis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 28:434-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0394632015573922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal polyposis (SNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of nasal and paranasal cavities. Human leukocyte antigen-G molecules (HLA-G) are non-classic HLA-I molecules with anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic properties. HLA-G production is mainly induced by interleukin (IL)-10. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines and induces HLA-class II down-modulation. Recent studies suggest that HLA-G could play a role in SNP pathogenesis; in SNP patients physiological levels of IL-10 (produced by activated peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes) are not able to induce production of HLA-G. Different mechanisms could justify these findings: genomic or amino-acidic sequence alterations in IL-10 lower IL-10 receptor expression, lower IL-10 receptor affinity, or alterations of the intracellular signal transmission. This study analyzes nucleotidic sequence of IL-10 gene in SNP patients. Sequencing of IL-10 gene shows that the lack of HLA-G production by peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes is not related to alterations in IL-10 gene nucleotidic sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Malagutti
- Department of Otolaringology, University of Ferrara, St Anna Hospital, Cona, Italy
| | - F Stomeo
- Department of Otolaringology, University of Ferrara, St Anna Hospital, Cona, Italy
| | - S Pelucchi
- Department of Otolaringology, University of Ferrara, St Anna Hospital, Cona, Italy
| | - R Ronchin
- Department of Otolaringology, University of Ferrara, St Anna Hospital, Cona, Italy
| | - M Ceccon
- BMR Genomics s.r.l., Padova, Italy
| | | | - A Ciorba
- Department of Otolaringology, University of Ferrara, St Anna Hospital, Cona, Italy
| | - A Pastore
- Department of Otolaringology, University of Ferrara, St Anna Hospital, Cona, Italy
| | - M Borin
- Department of Otolaringology, University of Ferrara, St Anna Hospital, Cona, Italy
| | - R Rizzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Involvement of Toll-like receptors in cervical cancer susceptibility among Tunisian women. Bull Cancer 2015; 101:E31-5. [PMID: 25373689 DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2014.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies underscored the importance of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of certain cancers, including cervical cancer. Epidemiological evidence supports an association between specific polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors (TLR) with several human pathological states, including cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between specific gene variants in TLR2 (-196 to -174 del), TLR3 (c.1377 C>T), TLR4 (Asp299Gly), and TLR9 (2848 G>A) and susceptibility to cervical cancer in Tunisian women. Study subjects comprised 122 women with histopathologically-confirmed cervical cancer, and 260 unrelated age- and ethnically-matched healthy females, who served as controls. TLR genotyping was done using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The C/C genotype of TLR3 (c.1377 C>T) is associated with cervical cancer susceptibility (OR: 1.71, CI: 1.08-2.70). For TLR4 (Asp299Gly), the Asp/Asp genotype and the Asp allele were associated with higher risk of developing cervical cancer (OR: 4.95, CI: 1.97-13.22) and (OR: 5.17, CI: 2.11-13.50) respectively. We demonstrated no association between the TLR2 (-196 to -174 del) and the TLR 9 (2848 G>A) polymorphisms and the susceptibility of cervical cancer among Tunisian women. However, the C/C genotype for the TLR3 (c.1377 C>T) polymorphism and the Asp/Asp genotype and the Asp allele for (Asp299Gly) TLR4 polymorphism were found to be associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer.
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14
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Association of leishmaniasis with TNF alpha promoter and SLC11A1 gene polymorphisms in patients of two endemic areas in Mexico. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:387-94. [PMID: 25603101 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Some Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukins and other modulatory molecules of the immune response play an important role in susceptibility to infectious diseases, particularly those involving intracellular parasites. In this study, we evaluated allele, genotype and haplotype associations of two SNPs of the TNF-α promoter and seven of the SLC11A1 gene in 79 patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and 15 with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), compared with 127 and 89 locality paired controls, respectively, from two endemic areas of Chiapas State, Mexico. None of the TNF-α alleles and genotypes was associated either to CL or to VL. Alleles rs2276631-C (P = 0.02; OR [95%CI] = 2.11 [1.16-3.86]) and rs2279015-G (P = 0.005; OR [95%CI] = 2.42 [1.33-4.41]) of SLC11A1, were associated with susceptibility to VL, whereas genotypes rs2276631 C/C (P = 0.003; OR [95%CI] = 2.65 [1.41-5.00]) and rs2279015 G/G (P = 0.018; OR [95%CI] = 2.05 [1.15-3.64]) were significantly increased in CL and VL patients, respectively. Complete haplotypes involved in susceptibility were CGCCGDins with VL and CGCCADins with CL. CGCCA was the minimal susceptibility haplotype for CL and CCG for VL. Our data suggest that SLC11A1 gene polymorphisms might have a relevant role in the pathology of leishmaniasis, directing towards susceptibility outcome of this disease in residents of an endemic area.
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Bachert C, Pawankar R, Zhang L, Bunnag C, Fokkens WJ, Hamilos DL, Jirapongsananuruk O, Kern R, Meltzer EO, Mullol J, Naclerio R, Pilan R, Rhee CS, Suzaki H, Voegels R, Blaiss M. ICON: chronic rhinosinusitis. World Allergy Organ J 2014; 7:25. [PMID: 25379119 PMCID: PMC4213581 DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-7-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a public health problem that has a significant socio-economic impact. Moreover, the complexity of this disease due to its heterogeneous nature based on the underlying pathophysiology - leading to different disease variants - further complicates our understanding and directions for the most appropriate targeted treatment strategies. Several International/national guidelines/position papers and/or consensus documents are available that present the current knowledge and treatment strategies for CRS. Yet there are many challenges to the management of CRS especially in the case of the more severe and refractory forms of disease. Therefore, the International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology (iCAALL), a collaboration between EAACI, AAAAI, ACAAI, and WAO, has decided to propose an International Consensus (ICON) on Chronic Rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this ICON on CRS is to highlight the key common messages from the existing guidelines, the differences in recommendations as well as the gaps in our current knowledge of CRS, thus providing a concise reference. In this document we discuss the definition of the disease, its relevance, pharmacoeconomics, pathophysiology, phenotypes and endotypes, genetics and risk factors, natural history and co-morbidities as well as clinical manifestations and treatment options in both adults and children comprising pharmacotherapy, surgical interventions and more recent biological approaches. Finally, we have also highlighted the unmet needs that wait to be addressed through future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory (URL), University Hospital Ghent, Kragujevac, Belgium
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- Div. of Allergy, Dept. of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Luo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Chaweewan Bunnag
- Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L Hamilos
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Robert Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Eli O Meltzer
- Allergy & Asthma Medical Group & Research Center, San Diego, California USA
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, Hospital Clínic - IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Robert Naclerio
- Section of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Renata Pilan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Clinics Hospital/University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Kragujevac, Brazil
| | - Chae-Seo Rhee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Harumi Suzaki
- Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard Voegels
- Department of Rhinology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Blaiss
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Montone KT. The molecular genetics of inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious diseases of the sinonasal tract: a review. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138:745-53. [PMID: 24878014 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0038-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The sinonasal tract is frequently affected by a variety of nonneoplastic inflammatory disease processes that are often multifactorial in their etiology but commonly have a molecular genetic component. OBJECTIVE To review the molecular genetics of a variety of nonneoplastic inflammatory diseases of the sinonasal tract. DATA SOURCES Inflammatory lesions of the sinonasal tract can be divided into 3 main categories: (1) chronic rhinosinusitis, (2) infectious diseases, and (3) autoimmune diseases/vasculitides. The molecular diagnosis and pathways of a variety of these inflammatory lesions are currently being elucidated and will shed light on disease pathogenesis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS The sinonasal tract is frequently affected by inflammatory lesions that arise through complex interactions of environmental, infectious, and genetic factors. Because these lesions are all inflammatory in nature, the molecular pathology surrounding them is most commonly due to upregulation and down-regulation of genes that affect inflammatory responses and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T Montone
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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17
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One airway: Biomarkers of protection from upper and lower airway injury after World Trade Center exposure. Respir Med 2013; 108:162-70. [PMID: 24290899 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Firefighters exposed to World Trade Center (WTC) dust have developed chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and abnormal forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Overlapping but distinct immune responses may be responsible for the clinical manifestations of upper and lower airway injury. We investigated whether a panel of inflammatory cytokines, either associated or not associated with WTC-LI, can predict future chronic rhinosinusitis disease and its severity. METHODS Serum obtained within six months of 9/11/2001 from 179 WTC exposed firefighters presenting for subspecialty evaluation prior to 3/2008 was assayed for 39 cytokines. The main outcomes were medically managed CRS (N = 62) and more severe CRS cases requiring sinus surgery (N = 14). We tested biomarker-CRS severity association using ordinal logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Increasing serum IL-6, IL-8, GRO and neutrophil concentration reduced the risk of CRS progression. Conversely, increasing TNF-α increased the risk of progression. In a multivariable model adjusted for exposure intensity, increasing IL-6, TNF-α and neutrophil concentration remained significant predictors of progression. Elevated IL-6 levels and neutrophil counts also reduced the risk of abnormal FEV1 but in contrast to CRS, increased TNF-α did not increase the risk of abnormal FEV1. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates both independent and overlapping biomarker associations with upper and lower respiratory injury, and suggests that the innate immune response may play a protective role against CRS and abnormal lung function in those with WTC exposure.
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Martinez-Ocaña J, Olivo-Diaz A, Salazar-Dominguez T, Reyes-Gordillo J, Tapia-Aquino C, Martínez-Hernández F, Manjarrez ME, Antonio-Martinez M, Contreras-Molina A, Figueroa-Moreno R, Valdez-Vazquez R, Kawa-Karasik S, Rodríguez-Zulueta P, Flisser A, Maravilla P, Romero-Valdovinos M. Plasma cytokine levels and cytokine gene polymorphisms in Mexican patients during the influenza pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:108-13. [PMID: 23809475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mexico, the initial severe cases of the 2009 influenza pandemic virus A (H1N1) [A(H1N1)pdm09] were detected in early March. The immune mechanisms associated with the severe pneumonia caused by infection with this new virus have not been completely elucidated. Polymorphisms in interleukin genes have previously been associated with susceptibility to infectious diseases due to their influence on cytokine production. OBJECTIVES The present case-control study was performed to compare several immunologic and genetic parameters of patients and controls during the initial phase of the pandemic. STUDY DESIGN Sixty-five patients who were hospitalized due to infection with the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and 46 healthy controls were studied. A hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA) was performed to measure anti-influenza antibody titers in these subjects. Protein levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)1 and TGFβ2 were quantified in plasma. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL6, IL10 and TNFα were also assessed. RESULTS Influenza patients had lower antibody titers and produced significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα than healthy controls. The frequencies of the TNFα -308G, IL-10 -592C and IL-10 -1082A alleles and the IL10 -1082(A/A) genotype were associated with susceptibility to severe disease, while the haplotypes TNFα AG and IL-10 GTA and GCA were associated with protection from severe disease [P=0.016, OR (CI)=0.11 (0.01-0.96); P=0.0187, OR (CI)=0.34 (0.13-0.85); P=0.013, OR (CI)=0.39 (0.18-0.83)]. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 patients and healthy controls have different profiles of immune parameters and that there is an association between IL-10 and TNFα polymorphisms and the outcome of this disease.
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Hsu J, Avila PC, Kern RC, Hayes MG, Schleimer RP, Pinto JM. Genetics of chronic rhinosinusitis: state of the field and directions forward. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:977-93, 993.e1-5. [PMID: 23540616 PMCID: PMC3715963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The cause of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. Study of the genetic susceptibility to CRS might be a valuable strategy to understand the pathogenesis of this burdensome disorder. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the current literature regarding the genetics of CRS in a comprehensive fashion. The most promising findings from candidate gene studies include the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), as well as genes involved in antigen presentation, innate and adaptive immune responses, tissue remodeling, and arachidonic acid metabolism. We also review the few hypothesis-independent genetic studies of CRS (ie, linkage analysis and pooling-based genome-wide association studies). Interpretation of the current literature is limited by challenges with study design, sparse replication, few functional correlates of associated polymorphisms, and inadequate examination of linkage disequilibrium or expression quantitative trait loci for reported associations. Given the relationship of CRS to other airway disorders with well-characterized genetic components (eg, asthma), study of the genetics of CRS deserves increased attention and investment, including the organization of large, detailed, and collaborative studies to advance knowledge of the mechanisms that underlie this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Hsu
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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20
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Findings related to IL-8 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms in a Mexican patient population with irritable bowel syndrome infected with Blastocystis. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:487-91. [PMID: 22287022 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal protozoan parasite Blastocystis is one of the most common parasites worldwide in humans and, although its ability to cause human disease has been questioned, some reports have demonstrated that this microorganism is associated to the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to a proinflammatory response, in which the expression of some cytokines is unregulated. Since inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms might have a role in the pathophysiology of IBS, we assessed the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10, in previously collected DNA samples from IBS patients and controls, with or without Blastocystis infection. IL-8+396(G) and IL-10-1082 (A) alleles (p=0.0437 and p=0.0267, respectively), as well as their homozygous (p<0.0001 and p=0.0039, respectively) and IL-8+781(CT) (p=0.0248) genotypes were significantly overrepresented in patients with IBS in comparison with controls. IL-8+396(GG) genotype was relevant because it was associated to IBS (p<0.0001), to Blastocystis (p=0.0025), and to IBS–Blastocystis (p=0.0272). In the latter binomial association, this genotype presented a high contribution (etiological fraction =0.452) and a risk >fourfold to develop IBS. IL-8+781 (T) and IL-10-592 (C) alleles were also associated to Blastocystis and to IBS–Blastocystis, respectively (p=0.0448 and p=0.0166). Our results suggest that some IL-8 and IL-10 SNPs could change individual susceptibility increasing the relative risk in the development of IBS in Blastocystis carriers.
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21
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Eren E, Midilli R, Karaca E, Onay H, Karci B, Ozkinay C. Does mannose-binding lectin have a role in adult Turkish patients with nasal polyposis? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 147:79-84. [PMID: 22301105 DOI: 10.1177/0194599812436945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mannose-binding lectin is an important component of innate immunity; it initiates the lectin pathway of complement activation critical for innate immunity. Failure of local innate defenses may result in defective responses that lead to the persistent carriage of microorganisms or ongoing inflammation. This study investigated the role of mannose-binding lectin levels and the frequency of the 6 functional mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms in Turkish individuals with nasal polyposis. STUDY DESIGN A case-control study. SETTING University hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifty-one patients with nasal polyposis and 53 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum mannose-binding lectin levels were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the mannose-binding lectin oligomer ELISA kit. Mannose-binding lectin 2 genotyping was performed by isolating the genomic DNA from leukocytes. RESULTS Mean mannose-binding lectin levels were 1693.2 and 1887.8 in the patient and control group, respectively. Although mannose-binding lectin levels were lower in the patient group, the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). No overall association was observed between the mannose-binding lectin genotype and susceptibility to nasal polyposis (95% confidence interval = 0.716-4.389, odds ratio = 1.773). The mutant allele frequencies of the 3 structural polymorphisms did not differ significantly between the nasal polyposis patients and the controls (P = .659). CONCLUSIONS Mannose-binding lectins are not involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis in adult Turkish patients, but additional research is needed for further comment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Eren
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Atatürk Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
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22
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Yılmaz Y, Verdi H, Taneri A, Yazıcı AC, Ecevit AN, Karakaş NM, Tarcan A, Haberal A, Ozbek N, Atac FB. Maternal–Fetal Proinflammatory Cytokine Gene Polymorphism and Preterm Birth. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:92-7. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaprak Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasibe Verdi
- Department of Medical Biology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Taneri
- Department of Medical Biology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Canan Yazıcı
- Department of Biostatistics, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nur Ecevit
- Department of Pediatrics, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş
- Department of Pediatrics, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Tarcan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Haberal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Namık Ozbek
- Department of Pediatrics, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Belgin Atac
- Department of Medical Biology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Rajguru R. Nasal polyposis: current trends. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 66:16-21. [PMID: 24533355 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-011-0427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal polyps (NP) are one of the most common inflammatory mass lesions of the nose, affecting up to 4% of the population. They present with nasal obstruction, anosmia, rhinorrhoea, post nasal drip, and less commonly facial pain. Their etiology remains unclear, but they are known to have associations with allergy, asthma, infection, fungus, cystic fibrosis, and aspirin sensitivity. However, the underlying mechanisms interlinking these pathologic conditions to NP formation remain unclear. Also strong genetic factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of NP, but genetic and molecular alterations required for its development and progression are still unclear. Management of NP involves a combination of medical therapy and surgery. There is good evidence for the use of corticosteroids (systemic and topical) both as primary treatment and as postoperative prophylaxis against recurrence, but the prolonged course of the disease and adverse effects of systemic steroids limits their use. Hence several new drugs are under trial. Surgical treatment has been refined significantly over the past 20 years with the advent of endoscopic sinus surgery and, in general, is reserved for cases refractory to medical treatment. Recurrence of the polyposis is common with severe disease recurring in up to 10% of patients. Over the last two decades, increasing insights in the pathophysiology of nasal polyposis opens perspective for new pharmacological treatment options, with eosinophilic inflammation, IgE, fungi and Staphylococcus aureus as potential targets. A better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the persistent inflammatory state in NP is necessary to ultimately develop novel pharmacotherapeutic approaches. In this paper we present the newer treatment options available for better control and possibly cure of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Rajguru
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Vimanpura, Near Hal Airport, Bangalore, 560017 Karnataka India
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24
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Blastocystis infection is associated with irritable bowel syndrome in a Mexican patient population. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1269-75. [PMID: 21870243 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, some common "non-pathogenic" parasites, such as Blastocystis and Dientamoeba fragilis, have been associated to the aetiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), while host pro-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms might have a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Therefore, Blastocystis subtypes (ST), D. fragilis and gene promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in IBS patients and controls were studied. After giving written consent, 45 patients with symptoms of IBS according to the Rome III criteria and 45 controls were enrolled. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood for SNP analysis at position -174 for IL-6 as well as -238 and -308 for TNF-α. Blastocystis was more common in the IBS group (p = 0.043). Interestingly, D. fragilis was found more frequently in the control group (p = 0.002); Blastocystis ST1 and 3 were most frequent in both groups. Haploview analysis revealed linkage disequilibrium in TNF-α (p < 0.0001); however, none of the SNPs for IL-6 and TNF-α were found to be significantly related with IBS. The clinical and molecular approaches undertaken for the first time in Latin American IBS patients demonstrated an association with Blastocystis that supports a pathogenic role of this parasite in IBS Furthermore, co-infections with ST1 and ST3 were frequent; thus, the genetic diversity proposed within ST polymorphisms does not rule out that particular strains might be associated with disease. In addition, our results do not support a major contribution of IL-6 and TNF-α gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility to IBS.
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25
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Payne SC, Borish L, Steinke JW. Genetics and phenotyping in chronic sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:710-20; quiz 721-2. [PMID: 21704364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis historically has been treated as a single monolithic clinical disorder. Just as asthma is now accepted as numerous heterogeneous diseases, chronic sinusitis should also be viewed as comprising several diseases with varying causes, with each one characterized by distinct histologic and gene and protein expression patterns. This includes recognition of the need to define these diseases based on the presence or absence of an eosinophilic infiltrate but also on additional distinctions based on unique agents that drive their development and perpetuation. As a collection of heterogeneous diseases, proper differential diagnosis is required to delineate appropriate therapeutic intervention. This review will focus on recognized distinct presentations of chronic sinus disease, including distinguishing the clinical presentations, cellular and molecular characteristics, genetic differences, and current treatment options for each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Payne
- Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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26
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Bossé Y, Bacot F, Montpetit A, Rung J, Qu HQ, Engert JC, Polychronakos C, Hudson TJ, Froguel P, Sladek R, Desrosiers M. Identification of susceptibility genes for complex diseases using pooling-based genome-wide association scans. Hum Genet 2009; 125:305-18. [PMID: 19184112 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify risk loci of complex diseases is now well-established. One persistent major hurdle is the cost of those studies, which make them beyond the reach of most research groups. Performing GWAS on pools of DNA samples may be an effective strategy to reduce the costs of these studies. In this study, we performed pooling-based GWAS with more than 550,000 SNPs in two case-control cohorts consisting of patients with Type II diabetes (T2DM) and with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In the T2DM study, the results of the pooling experiment were compared to individual genotypes obtained from a previously published GWAS. TCF7L2 and HHEX SNPs associated with T2DM by the traditional GWAS were among the top ranked SNPs in the pooling experiment. This dataset was also used to refine the best strategy to correctly identify SNPs that will remain significant based on individual genotyping. In the CRS study, the top hits from the pooling-based GWAS located within ten kilobases of known genes were validated by individual genotyping of 1,536 SNPs. Forty-one percent (598 out of the 1,457 SNPs that passed quality control) were associated with CRS at a nominal P value of 0.05, confirming the potential of pooling-based GWAS to identify SNPs that differ in allele frequencies between two groups of subjects. Overall, our results demonstrate that a pooling experiment on high-density genotyping arrays can accurately determine the minor allelic frequency as compared to individual genotyping and produce a list of top ranked SNPs that captures genuine allelic differences between a group of cases and controls. The low cost associated with a pooling-based GWAS clearly justifies its use in screening for genetic determinants of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Bossé
- Laval Hospital Research Center, Laval University, Pavillon Margeritte-d'Youville, chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada.
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27
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Significance of susceptible gene expression profiles in nasal polyposis. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 1:177-83. [PMID: 19434264 PMCID: PMC2671767 DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2008.1.4.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal polyposis (NP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the rhinosinus mucosa and a complex disease with strong genetic and environmental components. During the past 10 to 20 yr, many studies have been performed to determine differential gene expression profiles between NP and normal nasal tissues, in order to identify susceptible genes that are associated with NP-related traits. Despite achievement in the identification of candidate genes and their associated pathogenic pathways, the large challenges remain as the genetic and molecular alterations required for its development and progression are still unclear. Therefore, the development of novel, powerful tools for gene discovery, and a closer integration of genetics and medical biology would provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis of NP.
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28
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Malagutti N, Aimoni C, Balboni A, Stignani M, Melchiorri L, Borin M, Pastore A, Rizzo R, Baricordi OR. Decreased production of human leukocyte antigen G molecules in sinonasal polyposis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 22:468-73. [PMID: 18954504 DOI: 10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinonasal polyposis (SNP) is a chronic inflammatory pathology of nasal and paranasal cavities. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) G molecules are nonclassic class I antigens with anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic properties. As most theories consider polyps to be the manifestation of chronic inflammation, there could be a possible implication of HLA-G molecules in SNP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between SNP and the production of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS The study involved 22 SNP patients (11 with no evidence of disease [NED] after surgery and 11 with relapse [RE]) and 20 healthy subjects. The presence of sHLA-G in PBMC lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated culture supernatants was analyzed. The levels of interleukin (IL) 10, one of the main up-regulators of sHLA-G production, were determined. Exogenous IL-10 was added to the SNP PBMC cultures to reconstitute the impairment in sHLA-G production. RESULTS Increased IL-10 levels in LPS-activated PBMC culture supernatants were found in NED patients in comparison with healthy subjects (p = 0.0184). No sHLA-G production was observed in either of the patient subgroup supernatants (p < 0.0001). The addition of exogenous IL-10 showed the reconstitution of sHLA-G production in NED and in a lower amount in RE patients. CONCLUSION The results show a defect in sHLA-G production in SNP patients mainly related to the IL-10/HLA-G pathway. Given the anti-inflammatory functions of HLA-G molecules, this impairment could increase the susceptibility to the disease. The different sHLA-G production after exogenous IL-10 addition between NED and RE SNP could represent a marker of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Malagutti
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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29
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Al-Shemari H, Bossé Y, Hudson TJ, Cabaluna M, Duval M, Lemire M, Vallee-Smedja S, Frenkiel S, Desrosiers M. Influence of leukotriene gene polymorphisms on chronic rhinosinusitis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:21. [PMID: 18366797 PMCID: PMC2292155 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is increasingly viewed as an inflammatory condition of the sinonasal mucosa interacting with bacteria and/or fungi. However, factors conferring susceptibility to disease remain unknown. Advances in genomics offer powerful tools to explore this disorder. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on CRS in a panel of genes related to cysteinyl leukotriene metabolism. METHODS Severe cases of CRS and postal code match controls were recruited prospectively. A total of 206 cases and 200 controls were available for the present study. Using a candidate gene approach, five genes related to cysteinyl leukotriene metabolism were assessed. For each gene, we selected the maximally informative set of common SNPs (tagSNPs) using the European-derived (CEU) HapMap dataset. These SNPs are in arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5), arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP), leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CYSLTR1) and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CYSLTR2) genes. RESULTS A total of 59 SNPs were genotyped to capture the common genetic variations within these genes. Three SNPs located within the ALOX5, CYSLTR1 and ALOX5AP genes reached the nominal p-value threshold (p < 0.05) for association with CRS. However, none of these SNPs resist multiple testing adjustment. CONCLUSION While these initial results do not support that polymorphsims in genes assessed involved in the leukotriene pathways are contributing to the pathogenesis of CRS, this initial study was not powered to detect polymorphisms with relative risk of 2.0 or less, where we could expect many gene effects for complex diseases to occur. Thus, despite this lack of significant association noted in this study, we believe that validation with external populations and the use of better-powered studies in the future may allow more conclusive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Al-Shemari
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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