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Zhang Q, Yang Y, Xue H, Zhang H, Yuan Z, Shen Y, Guo X, Fan Z, Wu X, Zhang D, Tu J. Intensified and controllable vaporization of phase-changeable nanodroplets induced by simultaneous exposure of laser and ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 94:106312. [PMID: 36731283 PMCID: PMC9926226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phase-changeable contrast agents have been proposed as a next-generation ultrasound contrast agent over conventional microbubbles given its stability, longer circulation time and ability to extravasate. Safe vaporization of nanodroplets (NDs) plays an essential role in the practical translation of ND applications in industry and medical therapy. In particular, the exposure parameters for initializing phase change as well as the site of phase change are concerned to be controlled. Compared to the traditional optical vaporization or acoustic droplet vaporization, this study exhibited the potential of using simultaneous, single burst laser and ultrasound incidence as a means of activating phase change of NDs to generate cavitation nuclei with reduced fluence and sound pressure. A theoretical model considering the laser heating, vapor cavity nucleation and growth was established, where qualitative agreement with experiment findings were found in terms of the trend of combined exposure parameters in order to achieve the same level of vaporization outcome. The results indicate that using single burst laser pulse and 10-cycle ultrasound might be sufficient to lower the exposure levels under FDA limit for laser skin exposure and ultrasound imaging. The combination of laser and ultrasound also provides temporal and spatial control of ND vaporization and cavitation nucleation without altering the sound field, which is beneficial for further safe and effective applications of phase-changeable NDs in medical, environmental, food processing and other industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanye Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Honghui Xue
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi 214153, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Dezhou 251100, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuchen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zheng Fan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaoge Wu
- Environment Science and Engineering College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Sun JP, Ren YT, Gao RX, Gao BH, He MJ, Qi H. Influence of the temperature-dependent dielectric constant on the photoacoustic effect of gold nanospheres. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29667-29682. [PMID: 36453140 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03866h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging techniques with gold nanoparticles as contrast agents have received a great deal of attention. The photoacoustic response of gold nanoparticles strongly depends on the far-field optical properties, which essentially depend on the dielectric constant of the material. The dielectric constant of gold not only varies with wavelength but is also affected by temperature. However, the effect of the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant on gold nanoparticles' photoacoustic response has not been fully investigated. In this work, the Drude-Lorentz model and Mie theory are used to calculate the dielectric constant and absorption efficiency of gold nanospheres in aqueous solution, respectively. Then, the finite element method is used to simulate the heat transfer process of gold nanospheres and surrounding water. Finally, the one-dimensional velocity-stress equation is solved by the finite-difference time-domain method to obtain the photoacoustic response of gold nanospheres. The results show that under the irradiation of a high-fluence nanosecond pulse laser, ignoring the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant will lead to large errors in the photothermal response and the nonlinear photoacoustic signals (it can even exceed 20% and 30%). The relative error of the photothermal and photoacoustic response caused by ignoring the temperature-dependent dielectric constant is determined from both the temperature dependence of absorption efficiency and the maximum temperature increase of gold nanospheres. This work provides a new perspective for the photothermal and photoacoustic effects of gold nanospheres, which is meaningful for the development of high-resolution photoacoustic detectors and nano/microscale temperature measurement techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Sun
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 150001. .,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, China, 150001
| | - Ya-Tao Ren
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 150001. .,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, China, 150001.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ren-Xi Gao
- Department of Optoelectronic Science, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Bao-Hai Gao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 150001. .,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, China, 150001
| | - Ming-Jian He
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 150001. .,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, China, 150001
| | - Hong Qi
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 150001. .,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, China, 150001
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Xu M, Long W, Ling X, Hu X, Hong H, Peng Y, Cai T. Multifunctional theragnostic ultrasmall gold nanodot-encapsuled perfluorocarbon nanodroplets for laser-focused ultrasound sequence irradiation (LFSI)-based enhanced tumor ablation. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9816-9829. [PMID: 36426923 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01775j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite the substantial potential of focused ultrasound therapy, its efficacy in cancer therapy has been limited due to the high cavitation threshold and safety concerns regarding the use of high-intensity energy pulses. Here, ultrasmall Au nanodot-loaded PEG-modified perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (Au-PFCnDs) were prepared and used as a therapeutic enhancer. A LFSI method was designed to achieve enhanced tumor ablation at a mild focused ultrasound (FUS) energy pulse with the assistance of the instinct photothermal effect of intratumor-permeable ultrasmall Au nanodots under 808 nm NIR laser irradiation. In addition to their therapeutic function, Au-PFCnDs can also generate multimodal images to provide information for tumor surveillance and treatment guidance. The experimental results also showed that the cRGD-targeted Au-PFCnDs could be more efficiently delivered into the tumor and selectively destroy tumors with no observable side effects on normal tissue under LFSI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiongwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yayun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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4
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Heymans SV, Collado-Lara G, Rovituso M, Vos HJ, D'hooge J, de Jong N, Van Abeele KD. Acoustic Modulation Enables Proton Detection With Nanodroplets at Body Temperature. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:2028-2038. [PMID: 35385380 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3164805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Superheated nanodroplet (ND) vaporization by proton radiation was recently demonstrated, opening the door to ultrasound-based in vivo proton range verification. However, at body temperature and physiological pressures, perfluorobutane nanodroplets (PFB-NDs), which offer a good compromise between stability and radiation sensitivity, are not directly sensitive to primary protons. Instead, they are vaporized by infrequent secondary particles, which limits the precision for range verification. The radiation-induced vaporization threshold (i.e., sensitization threshold) can be reduced by lowering the pressure in the droplet such that ND vaporization by primary protons can occur. Here, we propose to use an acoustic field to modulate the pressure, intermittently lowering the proton sensitization threshold of PFB-NDs during the rarefactional phase of the ultrasound wave. Simultaneous proton irradiation and sonication with a 1.1 MHz focused transducer, using increasing peak negative pressures (PNPs), were applied on a dilution of PFB-NDs flowing in a tube, while vaporization was acoustically monitored with a linear array. Sensitization to primary protons was achieved at temperatures between [Formula: see text] and 40 °C using acoustic PNPs of relatively low amplitude (from 800 to 200 kPa, respectively), while sonication alone did not lead to ND vaporization at those PNPs. Sensitization was also measured at the clinically relevant body temperature (i.e., 37 °C) using a PNP of 400 kPa. These findings confirm that acoustic modulation lowers the sensitization threshold of superheated NDs, enabling a direct proton response at body temperature.
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Sun JP, Ren YT, Liu ZX, He MJ, Gao BH, Qi H. Dependence of the Nonlinear Photoacoustic Response of Gold Nanoparticles on the Heat-Transfer Process. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:3489-3501. [PMID: 35572805 PMCID: PMC9098176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging using the nonlinear PA response of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can effectively attenuate the interference from background noise caused by biomolecules (e.g., hemoglobin), thus offering a highly potential noninvasive biomedical imaging method. However, the mechanism of the nonlinear PA response of GNPs based on the thermal expansion mechanism, especially the effect of heat-transfer ability, still lacks quantitative investigation. Therefore, this work investigated the effect of heat-transfer ability on the nonlinear PA response of GNPs using the critical energy and fluence concept, taking into account the Au@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles (weakened heat transfer) and gold nanochains (enhanced heat transfer). The results showed that the stronger the heat transferability, the smaller the critical energy, indicating that the nonlinear PA response of different nanoparticles cannot be contrasted directly through the critical energy. Moreover, the critical fluence can directly contrast the proportion of nonlinear components in the PA response of different GNPs as governed by the combined effect of heat transferability and photothermal conversion ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Sun
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin
Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry
of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ya-Tao Ren
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin
Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry
of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Zi-Xuan Liu
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin
Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry
of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ming-Jian He
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin
Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry
of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bao-Hai Gao
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin
Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry
of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hong Qi
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin
Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry
of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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6
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Liu WW, Ko HC, Li PC. Sonoporation based on repeated vaporization of gold nanodroplets. Med Phys 2022; 49:2761-2773. [PMID: 35172015 PMCID: PMC9450513 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gold nanodroplets (AuNDs) have been proposed as agents for photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging. Previously, we demonstrated that the sonoporation can be more effectively achieved with synchronized optical and acoustic droplet vaporization. By applying a laser pulse at the rarefactional phase of the ultrasound (US) pulse, the vaporization threshold can be reached at a considerably lower laser average power. However, a large loading quantity of the AuNDs may increase the risk of air embolism. The destruction of phase‐shifted AuNDs at the inertial cavitation stage leads to a reduced drug delivery performance. And it also causes instability of echogenicity during therapeutic monitoring. Purpose In this study, we propose to further improve the sonoporation effectiveness with repeated vaporization. In other words, the AuNDs repeatedly undergo vaporization and recondensation so that sonoporation effects are accumulated over time at lower energy requirements. Previously, repeated vaporization has been demonstrated as an imaging contrast agent. In this study, we aim to adopt this repeated vaporization scheme for sonoporation. Methods Perfluoropentane NDs with a shell made of human serum albumin were used as the US contrast agents. Laser pulses at 808 nm and US pulses of 1 MHz were delivered for triggering vaporization and inertial cavitation of NDs. We detected the vaporization and cavitation effects under different activation firings, US peak negative pressures (PNPs), and laser fluences using 5‐ and 10‐MHz focused US receivers. Numbers of calcein‐AM and propidium iodide signals uptake by BNL hepatocarcinoma cancer cells were used to evaluate the sonoporation and cell death rate of the cells. Results We demonstrate that sonoporation can be realized based on repeatable vaporization instead of the commonly adopted inertial cavitation effects. In addition, it is found that the laser fluence and the acoustic pressure can be reduced. As an example, we demonstrate that the acoustic and optical energy for achieving a similar level of sonoporation rate can be as low as 0.44 MPa for the US PNP and 4.01 mJ/cm2 for the laser fluence, which are lower than those with our previous approach (0.53 MPa and 4.95 mJ/cm2, respectively). Conclusion We demonstrated the feasibility of vaporization‐based sonoporation at a lower optical and acoustic energy. It is an advantageous method that can enhance drug delivery efficiency, therapeutic safety and potentially deliver an upgraded gene therapy strategy for improved theragnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Ko
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Chi Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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7
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Ji Y, Zheng J, Geng Z, Tan T, Hu J, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Controllable formation of bulk perfluorohexane nanodroplets by solvent exchange. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:425-433. [PMID: 34905593 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets have rapidly developed into useful ultrasound imaging agents in modern medicine due to their non-toxic and stable chemical properties that facilitate disease diagnosis and targeted therapy. In addition, with the good capacity for carrying breathing gases and the anti-infection ability, they are employed as blood substitutes and are the most ideal liquid respirators. However, it is still a challenge to prepare stable PFC nanodroplets of uniform size and high concentration for their efficient use. Herein, we developed a simple and highly reproducible method, i.e., propanol-water exchange, to prepare highly homogeneous and stable perfluorohexane (PFH) bulk nanodroplets. Interestingly, the size distribution and concentration of formed nanodroplets could be regulated by controlling the volume fraction of PFH and percentage of propanol in the propanol-water mixture. We demonstrated good reproducibility in the formation of bulk nanodroplets with PFH volume fractions of 1/2000-1/200 and propanol percentage of 5-40%, with uniform particle size distribution and high droplet concentration. Also, the prepared nanodroplets were very stable and could survive for several hours. We constructed a ternary phase diagram to describe the relationship between the PFH volume ratio, propanol concentration, and the size distribution and concentration of the formed PFH nanodroplets. This study provides a very useful method to prepare uniform size, high concentration and stable PFC nanodroplets for their medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhanli Geng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Tingyuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
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8
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Mueller EN, Kuriakose M, Ganguly S, Ma K, Inzunza-Ibarra MA, Murray TW, Cha JN, Goodwin AP. Hydrophobically Modified Silica-Coated Gold Nanorods for Generating Nonlinear Photoacoustic Signals. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:12073-12082. [PMID: 38031593 PMCID: PMC10686269 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report that gold nanorods coated with hydrophobically-modified mesoporous silica shells not only enhance photoacoustic (PA) signal over unmodified mesoporous silica coated gold nanorods, but that the relationship between PA amplitude and input laser fluence is strongly nonlinear. Mesoporous silica shells of ~14 nm thickness and with ~3 nm pores were grown on gold nanorods showing near infrared absorption. The silica was rendered hydrophobic with addition of dodecyltrichlorosilane, then re-suspended in aqueous media with a lipid monolayer. Analysis of the PA signal revealed not only an enhancement of PA signal compared to mesoporous silica coated gold nanorods at lower laser fluences, but also a nonlinear relationship between PA signal and laser fluence. We attribute each effect to the entrapment of solvent vapor in the mesopores: the vapor has both a larger expansion coefficient and thermal resistance than silica that enhances conversion to acoustic energy, and the hydrophobic porous surface is able to promote phase transition at the surface, leading to a nonlinear PA response even at fluences as low as 5 mJ cm-2. At 21 mJ cm-2, the highest laser fluence tested, the PA enhancement was >12-fold over mesoporous silica coated gold nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan N. Mueller
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maju Kuriakose
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Saheli Ganguly
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Marco A. Inzunza-Ibarra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Todd W. Murray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jennifer N. Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Andrew P. Goodwin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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9
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Kuriakose M, Borden MA. Microbubbles and Nanodrops for photoacoustic tomography. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging of Laser-Activated Phase-Change Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Laser-activated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (PFCnDs) are emerging phase-change contrast agents that showed promising potential in ultrasound and photoacoustic (US/PA) imaging. Unlike monophase gaseous microbubbles, PFCnDs shift their state from liquid to gas via optical activation and can provide high US/PA contrast on demand. Depending on the choice of perfluorocarbon core, the vaporization and condensation dynamics of the PFCnDs are controllable. Therefore, these configurable properties of activation and deactivation of PFCnDs are employed to enable various imaging approaches, including contrast-enhanced imaging and super-resolution imaging. In addition, synchronous application of both acoustic and optical pulses showed a promising outcome vaporizing PFCnDs with lower activation thresholds. Furthermore, due to their sub-micrometer size, PFCnDs can be used for molecular imaging of extravascular tissue. PFCnDs can also be an effective therapeutic tool. As PFCnDs can carry therapeutic drugs or other particles, they can be used for drug delivery, as well as photothermal and photodynamic therapies. Blood barrier opening for neurological applications was recently demonstrated with optically-triggered PFCnDs. This paper specifically focuses on the activation and deactivation properties of laser-activated PFCnDs and associated US/PA imaging approaches, and briefly discusses their theranostic potential and future directions.
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11
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Singh R, Jo J, Riegel M, Forrest ML, Yang X. The feasibility of ultrasound-assisted endovascular laser thrombolysis in an acute rabbit thrombosis model. Med Phys 2021; 48:4128-4138. [PMID: 34214203 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to test the feasibility of combined ultrasound and laser technique, namely, ultrasound-assisted endovascular laser thrombolysis (USELT), for thrombolysis by conducting in vivo tests in a rabbit thrombosis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS An acute thrombus was created in the right jugular vein of rabbit and then was treated with ultrasound only, laser only, and USELT to dissolve the blood clot. A total of 20 rabbits were used. Out of which, the first three rabbits were used to titrate the laser and ultrasound parameters. Then, five rabbits were treated with ultrasound only, five rabbits were treated with laser only, and seven rabbits were treated with USELT. During USELT, 532-nm laser pulses were delivered endovascularly directly to the clot through a fiber optic, and 0.5 MHz ultrasound pulses were applied noninvasively to the same region. A laser fluence of 4 to 12 mJ/cm2 and ultrasound amplitude of 1 to 2 MPa were used. Recanalization of the jugular vein was assessed by performing ultrasound Doppler imaging immediately after the treatment. The maximum blood flow speed after the treatment as compared to its value before the treatment was used to calculate the blood flow recovery in vessel. RESULTS The blood flow was fully recovered (100%) in three rabbits, partially recovered in two rabbits (more than 50% and less than 100%) with mean percentage recovery of 69.73% and poorly recovered in two rabbits (<50%) with mean percentage recovery of 6.2% in the USELT group. In contrast, the treatment group with ultrasound or laser alone did not show recanalization of vein in any case, all the five rabbits were poorly/not recovered with a mean percentage recovery of 0%. CONCLUSIONS The USELT technology was shown to effectively dissolve the blood clots in an acute rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Institute for Bioengineering Research and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Janggun Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Vesarex LLC, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Matthew Riegel
- Animal Care Unit, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Institute for Bioengineering Research and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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12
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Fernandes DA, Appak-Baskoy S, Berndl E, Kolios MC. Laser activatable perfluorocarbon bubbles for imaging and therapy through enhanced absorption from coupled silica coated gold nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4906-4920. [PMID: 35424456 PMCID: PMC8694477 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have extensively been used for cancer therapy and imaging (i.e., theranostics) using various imaging modalities. Due to their physical and chemical properties (e.g., absorption, fluorescence, and magnetic properties) they have been used for image guided therapy for cancer treatment monitoring. There are various limitations that make many theranostic agents unable to be used for the extended periods of time required for enhancing theranostic capabilities. Some of these are due to inherent characteristics (e.g., change and/or breakdown of structure) present upon continuous irradiation and others are due to environmental (i.e., physiological) conditions that can lead to physical instability (i.e., in terms of size) affecting the amount of particles that can accumulate at the target site and the overall contrast that can be achieved. In this study, perfluorohexane (PFH) nanoemulsions (NEs) were synthesized with silica coated gold nanoparticles (PFH-NEs-scAuNPs) in order to give both stable and enhanced signals for cancer imaging by increasing vaporization of the emulsions into bubbles through the process of optical droplet vaporization (ODV). The resulting perfluorohexane bubbles could be imaged using nonlinear ultrasound (NL US) which significantly increases the signal to noise ratio due to the nonlinear scattering properties of oscillating bubbles. The NL US signals from PFH bubbles were found to be more stable compared to conventional bubbles used for contrast imaging. In addition, the vaporization of PFH NEs into bubbles was shown to cause significant cancer cell death reflecting the theranostic capabilities of the formed PFH bubbles. Since cell death is initiated with laser excitation of PFH-NEs-scAuNPs, these nanoparticles can specifically target cancer cells once they have accumulated at the tumor region. Due to the type of theranostic agent and imaging modality used, the PFH-NEs-scAuNPs can be used to provide higher specificity compared to other agents for locating the tumor region by minimizing tissue specific signals while at the same time being used to treat cancer. PFH-NEs from PFH-NEs-scAuNPs can vaporize upon laser excitation leading to formation of PFH bubbles that can be used for contrast enhanced US imaging and therapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry & Biology
- Ryerson University
- Toronto
- Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Sila Appak-Baskoy
- Department of Chemistry & Biology
- Ryerson University
- Toronto
- Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Elizabeth Berndl
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital
- Toronto
- Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital
- Toronto
| | - Michael C. Kolios
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital
- Toronto
- Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital
- Toronto
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13
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Li M, Nyayapathi N, Kilian HI, Xia J, Lovell JF, Yao J. Sound Out the Deep Colors: Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging at New Depths. Mol Imaging 2020; 19:1536012120981518. [PMID: 33336621 PMCID: PMC7750763 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120981518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has become increasingly popular for molecular imaging due to its unique optical absorption contrast, high spatial resolution, deep imaging depth, and high imaging speed. Yet, the strong optical attenuation of biological tissues has traditionally prevented PAT from penetrating more than a few centimeters and limited its application for studying deeply seated targets. A variety of PAT technologies have been developed to extend the imaging depth, including employing deep-penetrating microwaves and X-ray photons as excitation sources, delivering the light to the inside of the organ, reshaping the light wavefront to better focus into scattering medium, as well as improving the sensitivity of ultrasonic transducers. At the same time, novel optical fluence mapping algorithms and image reconstruction methods have been developed to improve the quantitative accuracy of PAT, which is crucial to recover weak molecular signals at larger depths. The development of highly-absorbing near-infrared PA molecular probes has also flourished to provide high sensitivity and specificity in studying cellular processes. This review aims to introduce the recent developments in deep PA molecular imaging, including novel imaging systems, image processing methods and molecular probes, as well as their representative biomedical applications. Existing challenges and future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mucong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3065Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nikhila Nyayapathi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12292University of Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hailey I Kilian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12292University of Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12292University of Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12292University of Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3065Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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14
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Li DS, Jeng GS, Pitre JJ, Kim M, Pozzo LD, O’Donnell M. Spatially localized sono-photoacoutic activation of phase-change contrast agents. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2020; 20:100202. [PMID: 32817821 PMCID: PMC7424230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sono-photoacoustic (SPA) activation lowers the threshold of phase-change contrast agents by timing a laser shot to coincide with the arrival of an acoustic wave at a region of interest. The combination of photothermal heating from optical absorption and negative pressure from the acoustic wave greatly reduces the droplet's combined vaporization threshold compared to using laser energy or acoustic energy alone. In previous studies, SPA imaging used a broadly illuminated optical pulse combined with plane wave acoustic pulses transmitted from a linear ultrasound array. Acoustic plane waves cover a wide lateral field of view, enabling direct visualization of the contrast agent distribution. In contrast, we demonstrate here that localized SPA activation is possible using electronically steered/focused ultrasound pulses. The focused SPA activation region is defined axially by the number of cycles in the acoustic pulse and laterally by the acoustic beam width. By reducing the spot size and enabling rapid electronic steering, complex activation patterns are possible, which may be particularly useful in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Geng-Shi Jeng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - John J. Pitre
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - MinWoo Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Lilo D. Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Matthew O’Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
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15
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Hu Y, Xue S, Long T, Lyu P, Zhang X, Chen J, Chen S, Liu C, Chen X. Opto-acoustic synergistic irradiation for vaporization of natural melanin-cored nanodroplets at safe energy levels and efficient sono-chemo-photothermal cancer therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:10448-10465. [PMID: 32929359 PMCID: PMC7482808 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Insufficient penetration and accumulation of theranostic payloads in solid tumors greatly challenge the clinical translation of cancer nanomedicines. To address this challenge, we synthesized natural melanin-cored and doxorubicin-loaded perfluoropentane nanodroplets with good biocompatibility and self-assembling ability. Methods: We used an opto-acoustic synergistic irradiation (OASI) method that was effective at lower energy levels than ultrasound- or laser-only irradiation to safely vaporize the nanodroplets and to cavitate the generated microbubbles for mechanically enhancing intratumoral delivery. The delivered melanin and doxorubicin inside the tumors mediated secondary chemo-photothermal therapy under laser irradiation to fully kill cancer cells. Results: In vivo animal experiments demonstrated direct mechanical disruption of tumor structures (H&E staining), enhanced intratumoral penetration of melanin (photoacoustic imaging), and efficient intratumoral accumulation of doxorubicin (fluorescent imaging). Anti-tumor experiments demonstrated that the nanodroplets combined with OASI treatment and subsequent laser irradiation could efficiently eliminate melanoma tumors. Conclusion: Melanin-cored and doxorubicin-loaded perfluoropentane nanodroplets hold great promise for translational sono-chemo-photothermal cancer therapy.
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16
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Xiao Z, Liu Y, Niu Y, Kou X. Cyclodextrin supermolecules as excellent stabilizers for Pickering nanoemulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Wang W, Jing T, Xia X, Tang L, Huang Z, Liu F, Wang Z, Ran H, Li M, Xia J. Melanin-loaded biocompatible photosensitive nanoparticles for controlled drug release in combined photothermal-chemotherapy guided by photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-modality imaging. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4060-4074. [PMID: 31475710 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Combined photothermal-chemotherapy guided by multimodal imaging is a promising strategy for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Multifunctional nanoparticles, such as those comprising organic and inorganic compounds, have been extensively investigated for combined photothermal-chemotherapy; however, their application is still limited by their potential long-term toxicity and lack of contrast properties. To solve these problems, in this study, a new type of multifunctional nanoparticle for combined photothermal-chemotherapy guided by dual-modality imaging was prepared with endogenous melanin by multistep emulsification to enhance tumor ablation. The nanoparticles were coated with poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and loaded with paclitaxel (PTX), encapsulated melanin and perfluoropentane (PFP). The materials in the nanoparticles were endogenous, ensuring high stability, biocompatibility, and biosafety. Nanoparticles irradiated with a laser, which induced their phase transformation into microbubbles, exhibited high photothermal conversion efficiency, thereby achieving photoacoustic (PA)/ultrasound (US) dual-modality imaging to determine tumor location, boundary, and size and to monitor drug distribution. Furthermore, optical droplet vaporization (ODV) of the nanoparticles could trigger the release of PTX; thus, these nanoparticles are a useful drug carrier. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that a strong synergistic antitumor effect was achieved by combining the photothermal properties of the nanoparticles with a chemotherapy drug. Importantly, the cavitation, thermoelastic expansion, and sonoporation caused by the phase transformation of the nanoparticles could directly damage the tumors. These processes also promoted the release, penetration and absorption of the drug, further enhancing the effect of combined photothermal-chemotherapy on tumor suppression. Therefore, the multifunctional nanoparticles prepared in this study provide a new strategy of using endogenous materials for controlled near-infrared (NIR)-responsive drug release and combined photothermal-chemotherapy guided by multimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
| | - Ting Jing
- Department of Radiology, Hospital (t.c.m) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
| | - Linmei Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
| | - Fengqiu Liu
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging & Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging & Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Haitao Ran
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging & Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
| | - Jizhu Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
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18
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Synchronized Optical and Acoustic Droplet Vaporization for Effective Sonoporation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11060279. [PMID: 31197090 PMCID: PMC6631315 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inertial cavitation-based sonoporation has been utilized to enhance treatment delivery efficacy. In our previous study, we demonstrated that tumor therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced through vaporization-assisted sonoporation with gold nanodroplets (AuNDs). Specifically, the AuNDs were vaporized both acoustically (i.e., acoustic droplet vaporization, ADV) and optically (i.e., optical droplet vaporization, ODV). A continuous wave (CW) laser was used for ODV in combination with an ultrasound pulse for ADV. Although effective for vaporization, the use of a CW laser is not energy efficient and may create unwanted heating and concomitant tissue damage. In this study, we propose the use of a pulsed wave (PW) laser to replace the CW laser. In addition, the PW laser was applied at the rarefaction phase of the ultrasound pulse so that the synergistic effects of ADV and ODV can be expected. Therefore, a significantly lower laser average power can be expected to achieve the vaporization threshold. Compared to the CW laser power at 2 W/cm2 from the previous approach, the PW laser power was reduced to only 0.2404 W/cm2. Furthermore, we also demonstrate in vitro that the sonoporation rate was increased when the PW laser was applied at the rarefaction phase. Specifically, the vaporization signal, the inertial cavitation signal, and the sonoporation rate all displayed a 1-µs period, which corresponded to the period of the 1-MHz acoustic wave used for ADV, as a function of the relative laser delay. The increased sonoporation rate indicates that this technique has the potential to enhance sonoporation-directed drug delivery and tumor therapy with a lower laser power while keeping the cell death rate at the minimum. Photoacoustic imaging can also be performed at the same time since a PW laser is used for the ODV.
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19
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Yarmoska SK, Yoon H, Emelianov SY. Lipid Shell Composition Plays a Critical Role in the Stable Size Reduction of Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1489-1499. [PMID: 30975536 PMCID: PMC6491255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (PFCnDs) are phase-change contrast agents that have the potential to enable extravascular contrast-enhanced ultrasound and photoacoustic (US/PA) imaging. Producing consistently small, monodisperse PFCnDs remains a challenge without resorting to technically challenging methods. We investigated the impact of variable shell composition on PFCnD size and US/PA image properties. Our results suggest that increasing the molar percentage of PEGylated lipid reduces the size and size variance of PFCnDs. Furthermore, our imaging studies revealed that nanodroplets with more PEGylated lipids produce increased US/PA signal compared with those with the standard formulation. Finally, we highlight the ability of this approach to facilitate US/PA imaging in a murine model of breast cancer. These data indicate that, through a facile synthesis process, it is possible to produce monodisperse, small-sized PFCnDs. Novel in their simplicity, these methods may promote the use of PFCnDs among a broader user base to study a variety of extravascular phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Yarmoska
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heechul Yoon
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stanislav Y Emelianov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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20
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Lee YT, Li DS, Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I, Jeng GS, O'Donnell M, Pozzo LD. Ultrasound-based formation of nano-Pickering emulsions investigated via in-situ SAXS. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 536:281-290. [PMID: 30380428 PMCID: PMC6287929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sonication is one of the most commonly used methods to synthesize Pickering emulsions. Yet, the process of emulsion sonication is rarely characterized in detail and acoustic conditions are largely determined by experimenter's personal experience. In this study, the role of sonication in the formation of Pickering emulsions from amphiphilic gold nanoparticles was investigated using a new sample environment combining ultrasound delivery with ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) measurements. The detection of acoustic cavitation and the simultaneous analysis of structural data via USAXS demonstrated direct correlation between Pickering emulsion formation and cavitation events. There was no evidence of spontaneous adsorption of particles onto the oil-water interface without ultrasound, which suggests the presence of a stabilizing force. Acoustically detected cavitation events could originate in the bulk solvent and/or inside the emulsion droplets. These events helped overcome energy barriers to induce particle adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David S Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Geng-Shi Jeng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew O'Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lilo D Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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21
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Li DS, Schneewind S, Bruce M, Khaing Z, O’Donnell M, Pozzo L. Spontaneous Nucleation of Stable Perfluorocarbon Emulsions for Ultrasound Contrast Agents. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:173-181. [PMID: 30543289 PMCID: PMC7970446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phase-change contrast agents are rapidly developing as an alternative to microbubbles for ultrasound imaging and therapy. These agents are synthesized and delivered as liquid droplets and vaporized locally to produce image contrast. They can be used like conventional microbubbles but with the added benefit of reduced size and improved stability. Droplet-based agents can be synthesized with diameters on the order of 100 nm, making them an ideal candidate for extravascular imaging or therapy. However, their synthesis requires low boiling point perfluorocarbons (PFCs) to achieve activation (i.e., vaporization) thresholds within FDA approved limits. Minimizing spontaneous vaporization while producing liquid droplets using conventional methods with low boiling point PFCs can be challenging. In this study, a new method to produce PFC nanodroplets using spontaneous nucleation is demonstrated using PFCs with boiling points ranging from -37 to 56 °C. Sometimes referred to as the ouzo method, the process relies on saturating a cosolvent with the PFC before adding a poor solvent to reduce solvent quality, forcing droplets to spontaneously nucleate. This approach can produce droplets ranging from under 100 nm to over 1 μm in diameter. Ternary plots showing solvent and PFC concentrations leading to droplet nucleation are presented. Additionally, acoustic activation thresholds and size distributions with varying PFC and solvent conditions are measured and discussed. Finally, ultrasound contrast imaging is demonstrated using ouzo droplets in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA
| | - Sarah Schneewind
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Matthew Bruce
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied
Physics Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Zin Khaing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Lilo Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA
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22
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Fernandes DA, Kolios MC. Intrinsically absorbing photoacoustic and ultrasound contrast agents for cancer therapy and imaging. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:505103. [PMID: 30192236 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aadfbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are submicrometer in size and are used in a variety of ways in the biomedical field. They can carry therapeutic drugs, either in the particle core or surface to target cancer sites in the body. Additionally they can contain imaging agents to diagnose and monitor the tumor size using different imaging modalities, such as fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Novel theranostic nanoparticle agents, called perfluorohexane nanoemulsions (PFH-NEs) were synthesized whose intrinsic properties could be used for both imaging (ultrasound and photoacoustic) and therapy. Compared to other theranostic agents, our PFH-NEs can absorb sufficient near-infrared light to enhance contrast and provide deeper penetration imaging at laser fluences causing minimal damage to healthy tissue. One contrast mechanism (optical absorption/photoacoustics) allows us to validate localization of the agent and another (acoustic impedance/ultrasound) allows the imaging of therapeutic delivery after particle activation. In this work, we show the potential of these PFH-NEs to be used as multimodal imaging agents and for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, 350 Victoria Street Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Ontario, Canada
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Li DS, Lee YT, Xi Y, Pelivanov I, O'Donnell M, Pozzo LD. A small-angle scattering environment for in situ ultrasound studies. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5283-5293. [PMID: 29897086 PMCID: PMC6040585 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01000e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic devices are common tools in laboratory and industrial settings to produce cavitation events for cleaning, emulsification, cell lysis and other materials applications. Effects of sonication at the macroscopic scale can be visible while effects at the molecular and nano-scales are not easily probed and, therefore, not fully understood. We present a new small angle scattering sample environment designed specifically to study structural changes occurring in various types of dispersions at the nano-scale due to ultrasonic acoustic waves. The sample environment features two face-to-face high-intensity focused ultrasound transducers coaxially aligned and normal to the neutron/X-ray beam propagation direction. A third broadband transducer is fixed beneath the scattering volume to acoustically monitor for cavitation events. By correlating acoustic data to scattering data, measured structural changes can be correlated to changes in parameters such as frequency, acoustic pressure, or cavitation pressure threshold. Several example applications of colloidal systems effectively influenced by ultrasound fields are also presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the device and to motivate future work on in situ scattering analysis of ultrasound materials processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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24
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Li S, Qin Y, Wang X, Yang X. Bubble growth in cylindrically-shaped optical absorbers during photo-mediated ultrasound therapy. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:125017. [PMID: 29794345 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aac7bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Photo-mediated ultrasound therapy (PUT) is a non-invasive, agent-free technique to shut down microvessels with high precision by promoting cavitation activity precisely in the targeted microvessels. PUT is based on the photoacoustic (PA) cavitation generated through concurrently applied nanosecond laser pulses and ultrasound bursts. In this study, a PA cavitation model is employed to understand the enhanced cavitation activity during PUT, with full consideration of the optical absorption of blood vessels. Bubble size evolution in cylindrically-shaped optical absorbers (vessels) due to rectified diffusion is simulated. Results show that the ultrasound pressure required for bubble growth decreases dramatically with the increased laser fluence. At a relatively low ultrasound driving pressure, bubble equilibrium radius increases rapidly due to concurrently applied nanosecond laser pulses and ultrasound bursts, resulting in a transition from inertial cavitation to stable cavitation. This inertial to stable transition is verified by the experimentally measured results on 0.76 mm silicone tubes filled with human whole blood with 0.5 MHz ultrasound at 0.243 MPa. This study demonstrated the potential to induce stable bubbles in blood vessels by PUT non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America. These two authors contribute equally to the work
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25
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Chen Q, Yu J, Kim K. Review: optically-triggered phase-transition droplets for photoacoustic imaging. Biomed Eng Lett 2018; 8:223-229. [PMID: 30603205 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-018-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically-triggered phase-transition droplets have been introduced as a promising contrast agent for photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging that not only provide significantly enhanced contrast but also have potential as photoacoustic theranostic molecular probes incorporated with targeting molecules and therapeutics. For further understanding the dynamics of optical droplet vaporization process, an innovative, methodical analysis by concurrent acoustical and ultrafast optical recordings, comparing with a theoretical model has been employed. In addition, the repeatability of the droplet vaporization-recondensation process, which enables continuous photoacoustic imaging has been studied through the same approach. Further understanding the underlying physics of the optical droplet vaporization and associated dynamics may guide the optimal design of the droplets. Some innovative approaches in preclinical studies have been recently demonstrated, including sono-photoacoustic imaging, dual-modality of photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging, and super-resolution photoacoustic imaging. In this review, current development of optically triggered phase-transition droplets and understanding on the vaporization dynamics, their applications are introduced and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Chen
- 1Department of Medicine and Heart and Vascular Institute, Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.,2Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Jaesok Yu
- 1Department of Medicine and Heart and Vascular Institute, Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.,2Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Kang Kim
- 1Department of Medicine and Heart and Vascular Institute, Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.,2Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA.,4Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
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Jung E, Kang C, Lee J, Yoo D, Hwang DW, Kim D, Park SC, Lim SK, Song C, Lee D. Molecularly Engineered Theranostic Nanoparticles for Thrombosed Vessels: H 2O 2-Activatable Contrast-Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging and Antithrombotic Therapy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:392-401. [PMID: 29257881 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A thrombus (blood clot), composed mainly of activated platelets and fibrin, obstructs arteries or veins, leading to various life-threatening diseases. Inspired by the distinctive physicochemical characteristics of thrombi such as abundant fibrin and an elevated level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we developed thrombus-specific theranostic (T-FBM) nanoparticles that could provide H2O2-triggered photoacoustic signal amplification and serve as an antithrombotic nanomedicine. T-FBM nanoparticles were designed to target fibrin-rich thrombi and be activated by H2O2 to generate CO2 bubbles to amplify the photoacoustic signal. In the phantom studies, T-FBM nanoparticles showed significant amplification of ultrasound/photoacoustic signals in a H2O2-triggered manner. T-FBM nanoparticles also exerted H2O2-activatable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet activities on endothelial cells. In mouse models of carotid arterial injury, T-FBM nanoparticles significantly enhanced the photoacoustic contrast specifically in thrombosed vessels and significantly suppressed thrombus formation. We anticipate that T-FBM nanoparticles hold great translational potential as nanotheranostics for H2O2-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyeong Jung
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsun Kang
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Lee
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuck Yoo
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul 03083, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul 03083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sunchon National University , Sunchon, Chonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyoo Lim
- Division of Nano & Energy Convergence Research, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology , Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulgyu Song
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer·Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
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Li DS, Yoon SJ, Pelivanov I, Frenz M, O’Donnell M, Pozzo LD. Polypyrrole-Coated Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions as a Sono-Photoacoustic Contrast Agent. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6184-6194. [PMID: 28926276 PMCID: PMC5636685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A new contrast agent for combined photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging is presented. It has a liquid perfluorocarbon (PFC) core of about 250 nm diameter coated by a 30 nm thin polypyrrole (PPy) doped polymer shell emulsion that represents a broadband absorber covering the visible and near-infrared ranges (peak optical extinction at 1050 nm). When exposed to a sufficiently high intensity optical or acoustic pulse, the droplets vaporize to form microbubbles providing a strong increase in imaging sensitivity and specificity. The threshold for contrast agent activation can further drastically be reduced by up to 2 orders of magnitude if simultaneously exposing them with optical and acoustic pulses. The selection of PFC core liquids with low boiling points (i.e., perfluorohexane (56 °C), perfluoropentane (29 °C), and perfluorobutane (-2 °C)) facilitates activation and reduces the activation threshold of PPy-coated emulsion contrast agents to levels well within clinical safety limits (as low as 0.2 MPa at 1 mJ/cm2). Finally, the potential use of these nanoemulsions as a contrast agent is demonstrated in a series of phantom imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Soon Joon Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Ivan Pelivanov
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Martin Frenz
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Matthew O’Donnell
- International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Lilo D. Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
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28
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Deng L, Cai X, Sheng D, Yang Y, Strohm EM, Wang Z, Ran H, Wang D, Zheng Y, Li P, Shang T, Ling Y, Wang F, Sun Y. A Laser-Activated Biocompatible Theranostic Nanoagent for Targeted Multimodal Imaging and Photothermal Therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4410-4423. [PMID: 29158836 PMCID: PMC5695140 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles have been reported for cancer detection and treatment currently. However, the accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment for tumors are still not satisfied. Here we report on the development of targeted phase change multimodal polymeric nanoparticles for the imaging and treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods: We evaluated the multimodal imaging capabilities of the prepared nanoparticles in vitro using agar-based phantoms. The targeting performance and cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles were examined in cell culture using SKBR3 (over-expressing HER2) and MDA-MB-231 (HER2 negative) cells. We then tested the magnetic resonance (MR)/ photoacoustic (PA)/ ultrasound (US)/ near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) multimodal imaging properties and photothermal effect of the nanoparticles in vivo using a SKBR3 breast xenograft model in nude mice. Tissue histopathology and immunofluorescence were also conducted. Results: Both in vitro and in vivo systematical studies validated that the hybrid nanoparticles can be used as a superb MR/US/PA/NIRF contrast agent to simultaneously diagnose and guide tumor photothermal therapy (PTT). When irradiated by a near infrared laser, the liquid PFP vaporizes to a gas, rapidly expelling the contents and damaging surrounding tissues. The resulting micro-sized bubbles provide treatment validation through ultrasound imaging. Localization of DIR and SPIO in the tumor region facilitate photothermal therapy for targeted tumor destruction. The mice treated with HER2 targeted nanoparticles had a nearly complete response to treatment, while the controls showed continued tumor growth. Conclusion: This novel theranostic agent may provide better diagnostic imaging and therapeutic potential than current methods for treating HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Periyasamy V, Pramanik M. Advances in Monte Carlo Simulation for Light Propagation in Tissue. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 10:122-135. [PMID: 28816674 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2017.2739801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo (MC) simulation for light propagation in tissue is the gold standard for studying the light propagation in biological tissue and has been used for years. Interaction of photons with a medium is simulated based on its optical properties. New simulation geometries, tissue-light interaction methods, and recording techniques recently have been designed. Applications, such as whole mouse body simulations for fluorescence imaging, eye modeling for blood vessel imaging, skin modeling for terahertz imaging, and human head modeling for sinus imaging, have emerged. Here, we review the technical advances and recent applications of MC simulation.
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30
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Laser-Activated Polymeric Microcapsules for Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy: In Vitro Feasibility. Biophys J 2017; 112:1894-1907. [PMID: 28494960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric microcapsules with a light-absorbing dye incorporated in their shell can generate vapor microbubbles that can be spatiotemporally controlled by pulsed laser irradiation. These contrast agents of 6-8 μm in diameter can circulate through the vasculature, offering possibilities for ultrasound (molecular) imaging and targeted therapies. Here, we study the impact of such vapor bubbles on human endothelial cells in terms of cell poration and cell viability to establish the imaging and therapeutic windows. Two capsule formulations were used: the first one consisted of a high boiling point oil (hexadecane), whereas the second was loaded with a low boiling point oil (perfluoropentane). Poration probability was already 40% for the smallest bubbles that were formed (<7.5 μm diameter), and reached 100% for the larger bubbles. The hexadecane-loaded capsules also produced bubbles while their shell remained intact. These encapsulated bubbles could therefore be used for noninvasive ultrasound imaging after laser activation without inducing any cell damage. The controlled and localized cell destruction achieved by activation of both capsule formulations may provide an innovative approach for specifically inducing cell death in vivo, e.g., for cancer therapy.
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31
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Lin S, Shah A, Hernández-Gil J, Stanziola A, Harriss BI, Matsunaga TO, Long N, Bamber J, Tang MX. Optically and acoustically triggerable sub-micron phase-change contrast agents for enhanced photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2017; 6:26-36. [PMID: 28507898 PMCID: PMC5423321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a versatile phase-change sub-micron contrast agent providing three modes of contrast enhancement: 1) photoacoustic imaging contrast, 2) ultrasound contrast with optical activation, and 3) ultrasound contrast with acoustic activation. This agent, which we name 'Cy-droplet', has the following novel features. It comprises a highly volatile perfluorocarbon for easy versatile activation, and a near-infrared optically absorbing dye chosen to absorb light at a wavelength with good tissue penetration. It is manufactured via a 'microbubble condensation' method. The phase-transition of Cy-droplets can be optically triggered by pulsed-laser illumination, inducing photoacoustic signal and forming stable gas bubbles that are visible with echo-ultrasound in situ. Alternatively, Cy-droplets can be converted to microbubble contrast agents upon acoustic activation with clinical ultrasound. Potentially all modes offer extravascular contrast enhancement because of the sub-micron initial size. Such versatility of acoustic and optical 'triggerability' can potentially improve multi-modality imaging, molecularly targeted imaging and controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anant Shah
- Joint Department of Physics and CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Bamber
- Joint Department of Physics and CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK
| | - Meng-Xing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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32
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Deán-Ben XL, Gottschalk S, Mc Larney B, Shoham S, Razansky D. Advanced optoacoustic methods for multiscale imaging of in vivo dynamics. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2158-2198. [PMID: 28276544 PMCID: PMC5460636 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of dynamic functional and molecular events in an unperturbed in vivo environment is essential for understanding the complex biology of living organisms and of disease state and progression. To this end, optoacoustic (photoacoustic) sensing and imaging have demonstrated the exclusive capacity to maintain excellent optical contrast and high resolution in deep-tissue observations, far beyond the penetration limits of modern microscopy. Yet, the time domain is paramount for the observation and study of complex biological interactions that may be invisible in single snapshots of living systems. This review focuses on the recent advances in optoacoustic imaging assisted by smart molecular labeling and dynamic contrast enhancement approaches that enable new types of multiscale dynamic observations not attainable with other bio-imaging modalities. A wealth of investigated new research topics and clinical applications is further discussed, including imaging of large-scale brain activity patterns, volumetric visualization of moving organs and contrast agent kinetics, molecular imaging using targeted and genetically expressed labels, as well as three-dimensional handheld diagnostics of human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - S Gottschalk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - B Mc Larney
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - S Shoham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - D Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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33
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Sheeran PS, Matsuura N, Borden MA, Williams R, Matsunaga TO, Burns PN, Dayton PA. Methods of Generating Submicrometer Phase-Shift Perfluorocarbon Droplets for Applications in Medical Ultrasonography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2017; 64:252-263. [PMID: 27775902 PMCID: PMC5706463 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2016.2619685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Continued advances in the field of ultrasound and ultrasound contrast agents have created new approaches to imaging and medical intervention. Phase-shift perfluorocarbon droplets, which can be vaporized by ultrasound energy to transition from the liquid to the vapor state, are one of the most highly researched alternatives to clinical ultrasound contrast agents (i.e., microbubbles). In this paper, part of a special issue on methods in biomedical ultrasonics, we survey current techniques to prepare ultrasound-activated nanoscale phase-shift perfluorocarbon droplets, including sonication, extrusion, homogenization, microfluidics, and microbubble condensation. We provide example protocols and discuss advantages and limitations of each approach. Finally, we discuss best practice in characterization of this class of contrast agents with respect to size distribution and ultrasound activation.
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34
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Jo J, Yang X. Laser-enhanced high-intensity focused ultrasound heating in an in vivo small animal model. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2016; 109:213702. [PMID: 27965517 PMCID: PMC5123994 DOI: 10.1063/1.4968509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced heating effect during the combination of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and low-optical-fluence laser illumination was investigated by using an in vivo murine animal model. The thighs of murine animals were synergistically irradiated by HIFU and pulsed nano-second laser light. The temperature increases in the target region were measured by a thermocouple under different HIFU pressures, which were 6.2, 7.9, and 9.8 MPa, in combination with 20 mJ/cm2 laser exposures at 532 nm wavelength. In comparison with conventional laser therapies, the laser fluence used here is at least one order of magnitude lower. The results showed that laser illumination could enhance temperature during HIFU applications. Additionally, cavitation activity was enhanced when laser and HIFU irradiation were concurrently used. Further, a theoretical simulation showed that the inertial cavitation threshold was indeed decreased when laser and HIFU irradiation were utilized concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janggun Jo
- KU Bioengineering Research Center and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas , 1530 W. 15th Street, 5109 Learned Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Xinmai Yang
- KU Bioengineering Research Center and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas , 1530 W. 15th Street, 5109 Learned Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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35
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Fernandes DA, Fernandes DD, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Rousseau D, Gradinaru CC, Kolios MC. Synthesis of Stable Multifunctional Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions for Cancer Therapy and Imaging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10870-10880. [PMID: 27564412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology provides a promising platform for drug-delivery in medicine. Nanostructured materials can be designed with desired superparamagnetic or fluorescent properties in conjunction with biochemically functionalized moieties (i.e., antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) to actively bind to target sites. These multifunctional properties make them suitable agents for multimodal imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. Perfluorohexane nanoemulsions (PFH-NEs) are novel drug-delivery vehicles and contrast agents for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging of cancer in vivo, offering higher spatial resolution and deeper penetration of tissue when compared to conventional optical techniques. Compared to other theranostic agents, our PFH-NEs are one of the smallest of their kind (<100 nm), exhibit minimal aggregation, long-term stability at physiological conditions, and provide a noninvasive cancer imaging and therapy alternative for patients. Here, we show, using high-resolution imaging and correlative techniques, that our PFH-NEs, when in tandem with silica-coated gold nanoparticles (scAuNPs), can be used as a drug-loaded therapeutic via endocytosis and as a multimodal imaging agent for photoacoustic, ultrasound, and fluorescence imaging of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis D Fernandes
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto , 60 St George Streeet, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Yuchong Li
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto , 60 St George Streeet, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | | | - Zhenfu Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto , 60 St George Streeet, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | | | - Claudiu C Gradinaru
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto , 60 St George Streeet, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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36
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Wu J, Ma GH. Recent Studies of Pickering Emulsions: Particles Make the Difference. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4633-48. [PMID: 27337222 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, emulsions stabilized by micro- or nanoparticles (known as Pickering emulsions) have attracted much attention. Micro- or nanoparticles, as the main components of the emulsion, play a key role in the preparation and application of Pickering emulsions. The existence of particles at the interface between the oil and aqueous phases affects not only the preparation, but also the properties of Pickering emulsions, affording superior stability, low toxicity, and stimuli-responsiveness compared to classical emulsions stabilized by surfactants. These advantages of Pickering emulsions make them attractive, especially in biomedicine. In this review, the effects of the characteristics of micro- and nanoparticles on the preparation and properties of Pickering emulsions are introduced. In particular, the preparation methods of Pickering emulsions, especially uniform-sized emulsions, are listed. Uniform Pickering emulsions are convenient for both mechanistic research and applications. Furthermore, some biomedical applications of Pickering emulsions are discussed and the problems hindering their clinical application are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guang-Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing, 211800, China.
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37
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Hannah AS, Luke GP, Emelianov SY. Blinking Phase-Change Nanocapsules Enable Background-Free Ultrasound Imaging. Theranostics 2016; 6:1866-76. [PMID: 27570556 PMCID: PMC4997242 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbubbles are widely used as contrast agents to improve the diagnostic capability of conventional, highly speckled, low-contrast ultrasound imaging. However, while microbubbles can be used for molecular imaging, these agents are limited to the vascular space due to their large size (> 1 μm). Smaller microbubbles are desired but their ultrasound visualization is limited due to lower echogenicity or higher resonant frequencies. Here we present nanometer scale, phase changing, blinking nanocapsules (BLInCs), which can be repeatedly optically triggered to provide transient contrast and enable background-free ultrasound imaging. In response to irradiation by near-infrared laser pulses, the BLInCs undergo cycles of rapid vaporization followed by recondensation into their native liquid state at body temperature. High frame rate ultrasound imaging measures the dynamic echogenicity changes associated with these controllable, periodic phase transitions. Using a newly developed image processing algorithm, the blinking particles are distinguished from tissue, providing a background-free image of the BLInCs while the underlying B-mode ultrasound image is used as an anatomical reference of the tissue. We demonstrate the function of BLInCs and the associated imaging technique in a tissue-mimicking phantom and in vivo for the identification of the sentinel lymph node. Our studies indicate that BLInCs may become a powerful tool to identify biological targets using a conventional ultrasound imaging system.
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38
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Nanodroplet-Vaporization-Assisted Sonoporation for Highly Effective Delivery of Photothermal Treatment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24753. [PMID: 27094209 PMCID: PMC4837361 DOI: 10.1038/srep24753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonoporation refers to the use of ultrasound and acoustic cavitation to temporarily enhance the permeability of cellular membranes so as to enhance the delivery efficiency of therapeutic agents into cells. Microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agents are often used to facilitate these cavitation effects. This study used nanodroplets to significantly enhance the effectiveness of sonoporation relative to using conventional microbubbles. Significant enhancements were demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo by using gold nanorods encapsulated in nanodroplets for implementing plasmonic photothermal therapy. Combined excitation by ultrasound and laser radiation is used to trigger the gold nanodroplets to induce a liquid-to-gas phase change, which induces cavitation effects that are three-to-fivefold stronger than when using conventional microbubbles. Enhanced cavitation also leads to significant enhancement of the sonoporation effects. Our in vivo results show that nanodroplet-vaporization-assisted sonoporation can increase the treatment temperature by more than 10 °C above that achieved by microbubble-based sonoporation.
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39
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Sheeran PS, Daghighi Y, Yoo K, Williams R, Cherin E, Foster FS, Burns PN. Image-Guided Ultrasound Characterization of Volatile Sub-Micron Phase-Shift Droplets in the 20-40 MHz Frequency Range. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:795-807. [PMID: 26725168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phase-shift perfluorocarbon droplets are designed to convert from the liquid to the gas state by the external application of acoustic or optical energy. Although droplet vaporization has been investigated extensively at ultrasonic frequencies between 1 and 10 MHz, few studies have characterized performance at the higher frequencies commonly used in small animal imaging. In this study, we use standard B-mode imaging sequences on a pre-clinical ultrasound platform to both image and activate sub-micron decafluorobutane droplet populations in vitro and in vivo at center frequencies in the range of 20-40 MHz. Results show that droplets remain stable against vaporization at low imaging pressures but are vaporized at peak negative pressures near 3.5 MPa at the three frequencies tested. This study also found that a small number of size outliers present in the distribution can greatly influence droplet performance. Removal of these outliers results in a more accurate assessment of the vaporization threshold and produces free-flowing microbubbles upon vaporization in the mouse kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Sheeran
- Physical Sciences Department, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Yasaman Daghighi
- Physical Sciences Department, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kimoon Yoo
- Physical Sciences Department, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ross Williams
- Physical Sciences Department, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Cherin
- Physical Sciences Department, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - F Stuart Foster
- Physical Sciences Department, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter N Burns
- Physical Sciences Department, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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40
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Arnal B, Wei CW, Li J, Gao X, O'Donnell M. Highly sensitive magneto-motive photoacoustic and ultrasound (PAUS) imaging with cyclic excitations. JOURNAL OF OPTICS (2010) 2016; 18:024009. [PMID: 36176594 PMCID: PMC9518827 DOI: 10.1088/2040-8978/18/2/024009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly specific molecular imaging with photoacoustics (PA) must suppress background endogenous signals while maintaining signals from target nanoagents. Magneto-motive PA was introduced to perform motion-based background suppression using a low frequency magnetic field. Previous studies show suppression based on displacement magnitude can suffer if significant physiological motion is present. This limitation can be overcome using cyclic magneto-motive PA (cmmPA), where multiple cycles of an ac magnetic field are used and the coherence of detected displacements is the retrieved information. In this paper, we show a method to enhance the magnetic response of an electromagnet specifically for cmmPA. Several magnetic frequencies were tested and a simple model is proposed to describe displacement frequency dependence. By choosing optimal parameters based on this model, we show that the technique can detect a low number of tagged cells using either US-based or PA-based displacement estimation. In addition, robustness to physiological motion is demonstrated in a moving phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Arnal
- University of Washington, Dept. of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C-W Wei
- University of Washington, Dept. of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Li
- University of Washington, Dept. of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - X Gao
- University of Washington, Dept. of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M O'Donnell
- University of Washington, Dept. of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lajoinie G, De Cock I, Coussios CC, Lentacker I, Le Gac S, Stride E, Versluis M. In vitro methods to study bubble-cell interactions: Fundamentals and therapeutic applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:011501. [PMID: 26865903 PMCID: PMC4733084 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Besides their use as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging, microbubbles are increasingly studied for a wide range of therapeutic applications. In particular, their ability to enhance the uptake of drugs through the permeabilization of tissues and cell membranes shows great promise. In order to fully understand the numerous paths by which bubbles can interact with cells and the even larger number of possible biological responses from the cells, thorough and extensive work is necessary. In this review, we consider the range of experimental techniques implemented in in vitro studies with the aim of elucidating these microbubble-cell interactions. First of all, the variety of cell types and cell models available are discussed, emphasizing the need for more and more complex models replicating in vivo conditions together with experimental challenges associated with this increased complexity. Second, the different types of stabilized microbubbles and more recently developed droplets and particles are presented, followed by their acoustic or optical excitation methods. Finally, the techniques exploited to study the microbubble-cell interactions are reviewed. These techniques operate over a wide range of timescales, or even off-line, revealing particular aspects or subsequent effects of these interactions. Therefore, knowledge obtained from several techniques must be combined to elucidate the underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ine De Cock
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
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Arnal B, Wei CW, Perez C, Nguyen TM, Lombardo M, Pelivanov I, Pozzo LD, O’Donnell M. Sono-photoacoustic imaging of gold nanoemulsions: Part II. Real time imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2015; 3:11-9. [PMID: 25893170 PMCID: PMC4398795 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging using exogenous agents can be limited by degraded specificity due to strong background signals. This paper introduces a technique called sono-photoacoustics (SPA) applied to perfluorohexane nanodroplets coated with gold nanospheres. Pulsed laser and ultrasound (US) excitations are applied simultaneously to the contrast agent to induce a phase-transition ultimately creating a transient microbubble. The US field present during the phase transition combined with the large thermal expansion of the bubble leads to 20-30 dB signal enhancement. Aqueous solutions and phantoms with very low concentrations of this agent were probed using pulsed laser radiation at diagnostic exposures and a conventional US array used both for excitation and imaging. Contrast specificity of the agent was demonstrated with a coherent differential scheme to suppress US and linear PA background signals. SPA shows great potential for molecular imaging with ultrasensitive detection of targeted gold coated nanoemulsions and cavitation-assisted theranostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Arnal
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 2062218330.
| | - Chen-Wei Wei
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Camilo Perez
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
- University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory, Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105-6698, United States
| | - Thu-Mai Nguyen
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Michael Lombardo
- University of Washington, Department of Chemical Engineering, Box 351750, Seattle, WA 98195-1750, United States
| | - Ivan Pelivanov
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
- International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lilo D. Pozzo
- University of Washington, Department of Chemical Engineering, Box 351750, Seattle, WA 98195-1750, United States
| | - Matthew O’Donnell
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
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Arnal B, Wei CW, Nguyen TM, Li J, Pelivanov I, Gao X, O'Donnell M. Cyclic Magnetomotive Photoacoustic/Ultrasound Imaging. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2015; 9323:93230T. [PMID: 36275045 PMCID: PMC9583729 DOI: 10.1117/12.2084906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetomotive photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging has shown superior specificity in visualizing targeted objects at cellular and molecular levels. By detecting magnet-induced displacements, magnetic-particle-targeted objects can be differentiated from background signals insensitive to the magnetic field. Unfortunately, background physiologic motion interferes during measurement, such as cardiac-induced motion and respiration, greatly reducing the robustness of the technique. In this paper, we propose cyclic magnetomotive imaging with narrowband magnetic excitation. By synchronizing magnetic motion with the excitations, targeted objects moving coherently can be distinguished from background static signals and signals moving incoherently. HeLa cells targeted with magnetic nanoparticle-polymer core-shell particles were used as the targets for an initial test. A linear ultrasound array was interfaced with a commercial scanner to acquire a photoacoustic/ultrasound image sequence (maximum 1000 frames per second) during multi-cycle magnetic excitation (0.5 - 40 Hz frequency range) with an electromagnet. An image mask defined by a threshold on the displacement-coherence map was applied to the original images for background suppression. The results show that contrast was increased by more than 60 dB in an in-vitro experiment with the tagged cells fixed in a polyvinyl-alcohol gel and sandwiched between porcine liver tissues. Using a single sided system, cells injected subcutaneously on the back of a mouse were successfully differentiated from the background, with less than 20 μm coherent magnetic induced displacements isolated from millimetric background breathing motion. These results demonstrate the technique's motion robustness for highly sensitive and specific diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Arnal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Chen-Wei Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Thu-Mai Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Ivan Pelivanov
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Matthew O'Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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