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Sari Y, Swiss GM, Alrashedi FA, Baeshen KA, Alshammari SA, Alsharari SD, Ali N, Alasmari AF, Alhoshani A, Alameen AA, Childers WE, Abou-Gharbia M, Alasmari F. Effects of novel beta-lactam, MC-100093, and ceftriaxone on astrocytic glutamate transporters and neuroinflammatory factors in nucleus accumbens of C57BL/6 mice exposed to escalated doses of morphine. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102108. [PMID: 38868175 PMCID: PMC11166880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to opioids can lead to downregulation of astrocytic glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), which regulates the majority of glutamate uptake. Studies from our lab revealed that beta-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone, attenuated hydrocodone-induced downregulation of GLT-1 as well as cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) expression in central reward brain regions. In this study, we investigated the effects of escalating doses of morphine and tested the efficacy of novel synthetic non-antibiotic drug, MC-100093, and ceftriaxone in attenuating the effects of morphine exposure in the expression of GLT-1, xCT, and neuroinflammatory factors (IL-6 and TGF-β) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). This study also investigated the effects of morphine and beta-lactams in locomotor activity, spontaneous alternation percentage (SAP) and number of entries in Y maze since opioids have effects in locomotor sensitization. Mice were exposed to moderate dose of morphine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and a higher dose of morphine (150 mg/kg, i.p.) on day 9, and these mice were then behaviorally tested and euthanized on Day 10. Western blot analysis showed that exposure to morphine downregulated GLT-1 and xCT expression in the NAc, and both MC-100093 and ceftriaxone attenuated these effects. In addition, morphine exposure increased IL-6 mRNA and TGF-β mRNA expression, and MC-100093 and ceftriaxone attenuated only the effect on IL-6 mRNA expression in the NAc. Furthermore, morphine exposure induced an increase in distance travelled, and MC-100093 and ceftriaxone attenuated this effect. In addition, morphine exposure decreased the SAP and increased the number of arm entries in Y maze, however, neither MC-100093 nor ceftriaxone showed any attenuating effect. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that MC-100093 and ceftriaxone attenuated morphine-induced downregulation of GLT-1 and xCT expression, and morphine-induced increase in neuroinflammatory factor, IL-6, as well as hyperactivity. These findings revealed the beneficial therapeutic effects of MC-100093 and ceftriaxone against the effects of exposure to escalated doses of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer M.S. Swiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatin A. Alrashedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholoud A. Baeshen
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan A. Alshammari
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir D. Alsharari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A. Alameen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wayne E. Childers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Magid Abou-Gharbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Liu C, Filbey FM. Unlocking the age-old secrets of reward and substance use. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 239:173766. [PMID: 38604456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Although substance use is widespread across the lifespan from early adolescence to older adulthood, the prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) differs between age groups. These age differences in SUD rates necessitate an investigation into how age moderates reward sensitivity, and consequently influences the risks and consequences related to substance use. This theoretical review integrates evidence from the literature to address the dynamic interplay between age and reward in the context of substance use. Overall, increasing evidence demonstrates that age moderates reward sensitivity and underlying reward system neurobiology. Reward sensitivity undergoes a non-linear trajectory across the lifespan. Low levels of reward sensitivity are associated with childhood and late adulthood. In contrast, high levels are associated with early to late adolescence, followed by a decline in the twenties. These fluctuations in reward sensitivity across the lifespan contribute to complex associations with substance use. This lends support to adolescence and young adulthood as vulnerable periods for the risk of subsequent SUD. More empirical research is needed to investigate reward sensitivity during SUD maintenance and recovery. Future research should also involve larger sample sizes and encompass a broader range of age groups, including older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Liu
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, United States of America.
| | - Francesca M Filbey
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, United States of America
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3
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Marie N, Noble F. Oxycodone, an opioid like the others? Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1229439. [PMID: 38152360 PMCID: PMC10751306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1229439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The over-prescription of opioid analgesics is a growing problem in the field of addiction, which has reached epidemic-like proportions in North America. Over the past decade, oxycodone has gained attention as the leading opioid responsible for the North America opioid crisis. Oxycodone is the most incriminated drug in the early years of the epidemic of opioid use disorder in USA (roughly 1999-2016). The number of preclinical articles on oxycodone is rapidly increasing. Several publications have already compared oxycodone with other opioids, focusing mainly on their analgesic properties. The aim of this review is to focus on the genomic and epigenetic regulatory features of oxycodone compared with other opioid agonists. Our aim is to initiate a discussion of perceptible differences in the pharmacological response observed with these various opioids, particularly after repeated administration in preclinical models commonly used to study drug dependence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence Noble
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Pharmacologie et Thérapies des Addictions, Paris, France
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4
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Slivicki RA, Wang JG, Nhat VTT, Kravitz AV, Creed MC, Gereau RW. Impact of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and oxycodone co-administration on measures of antinociception, dependence, circadian activity, and reward in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.04.569809. [PMID: 38105953 PMCID: PMC10723318 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.569809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxycodone is commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain disorders. While efficacious, long-term use can result in tolerance, physical dependence, and the development of opioid use disorder. Cannabis and its derivatives such as Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) have been reported to enhance oxycodone analgesia in animal models and in humans. However, it remains unclear if Δ9-THC may facilitate unwanted aspects of oxycodone intake, such as tolerance, dependence, and reward at analgesic doses. This study sought to evaluate the impact of co-administration of Δ9-THC and oxycodone across behavioral measures related to antinociception, dependence, circadian activity, and reward in both male and female mice. Oxycodone and Δ9-THC produced dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in the hotplate assay that were similar between sexes. Repeated treatment (twice daily for 5 days) resulted in antinociceptive tolerance. Combination treatment of oxycodone and Δ9-THC produced a greater antinociceptive effect than either administered alone, and delayed the development of antinociceptive tolerance. Repeated treatment with oxycodone produced physical dependence and alterations in circadian activity, neither of which were exacerbated by co-treatment with Δ9-THC. Combination treatment of oxycodone and Δ9-THC produced CPP when co-administered at doses that did not produce preference when administered alone. These data indicate that Δ9-THC may facilitate oxycodone-induced antinociception without augmenting certain unwanted features of opioid intake (e.g. dependence, circadian rhythm alterations). However, our findings also indicate that Δ9-THC may facilitate rewarding properties of oxycodone at therapeutically relevant doses which warrant consideration when evaluating this combination for its potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Slivicki
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Justin G. Wang
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Division of Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Vy Trinh Tran Nhat
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Alexxai V. Kravitz
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Meaghan C. Creed
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert W. Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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5
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Brice-Tutt AC, Montgomery DS, Kramer CM, Novotny PM, Malphurs WL, Sharma A, Caudle RM, Bruijnzeel AW, Setlow B, Neubert JK, Murphy NP. An ethogram analysis of cutaneous thermal pain sensitivity and oxycodone reward-related behaviors in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10482. [PMID: 37380739 PMCID: PMC10307779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-relationships between pain sensitivity, drug reward, and drug misuse are of considerable interest given that many analgesics exhibit misuse potential. Here we studied rats as they underwent a series of pain- and reward-related tests: cutaneous thermal reflex pain, induction and extinction of conditioned place preference to oxycodone (0.56 mg/kg), and finally the impact of neuropathic pain on reflex pain and reinstatement of conditioned place preference. Oxycodone induced a significant conditioned place preference that extinguished throughout repeated testing. Correlations identified of particular interest included an association between reflex pain and oxycodone-induced behavioral sensitization, and between rates of behavioral sensitization and extinction of conditioned place preference. Multidimensional scaling analysis followed by k-clustering identified three clusters: (1) reflex pain, rate of behavioral sensitization and rate of extinction of conditioned place preference (2) basal locomotion, locomotor habituation, acute oxycodone-stimulated locomotion and rate of change in reflex pain during repeated testing, and (3) magnitude of conditioned place preference. Nerve constriction injury markedly enhanced reflex pain but did not reinstate conditioned place preference. These results suggest that high rates of behavioral sensitization predicts faster rates of extinction of oxycodone seeking/reward, and suggest that cutaneous thermal reflex pain may be predictive of both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cassidy M Kramer
- Departments of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter M Novotny
- Departments of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wendi L Malphurs
- Departments of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert M Caudle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John K Neubert
- Departments of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Niall P Murphy
- Departments of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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6
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Zhang X, Kitaichi K, Mouri A, Zhou X, Nabeshima T, Yamada K, Nagai T. An evaluation method for developing abuse-deterrent opioid formulations with agonist and antagonist combinations using conditioned place preference. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 639:100-105. [PMID: 36476949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Although opioids are useful narcotic analgesics in clinical settings, their misuse and addiction in the United States of America and other countries are rapidly increasing. Therefore, the development of abuse-deterrent formulations is an urgent issue. We herein investigated how to select the ratio of an opioid and the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone in abuse-deterrent formulations for mice. The conditioned place preference (CPP) test was used to evaluate the rewarding effects of abused drugs. The opioids morphine (30 μmol/kg), oxycodone (3 μmol/kg), fentanyl (0.4 μmol/kg), and buprenorphine (0.5 μmol/kg) significantly induced place preference in mice. We also examined the optimal ratio of naloxone and opioids to inhibit the rewarding effects of the latter. Naloxone (3-5 μmol/kg) effectively inhibited place preference induced by the opioids tested. We calculated theoretical drug doses that exerted the same pharmacodynamic effects based on two parameters: μ-opioid receptor binding affinity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Theoretical doses were very close to the drug doses at which mice showed place preference. Therefore, the CPP test is useful as a behavioral method for evaluating abuse-deterrent formulations of opioids mixed with an antagonist. The ratio of naloxone with opioids, at which mice did not show place preference, may be an effective index for developing abuse-deterrent formulations. Ratios may be calculated for other opioids based on μ-opioid receptor binding affinity and BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Zhang
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoyuki Kitaichi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation and Development of Pharmaceuticals and Devices, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Aichi, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, 468-0069, Aichi, Japan
| | - Xinzhu Zhou
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, 468-0069, Aichi, Japan; Laboratory of Health and Medical Science Innovation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, 468-0069, Aichi, Japan; Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 466-8560, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Aichi, Japan.
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7
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Slivicki RA, Earnest T, Chang YH, Pareta R, Casey E, Li JN, Tooley J, Abiraman K, Vachez YM, Wolf DK, Sackey JT, Kumar Pitchai D, Moore T, Gereau RW, Copits BA, Kravitz AV, Creed MC. Oral oxycodone self-administration leads to features of opioid misuse in male and female mice. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13253. [PMID: 36577735 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Use of prescription opioids, particularly oxycodone, is an initiating factor driving the current opioid epidemic. There are several challenges with modelling oxycodone abuse. First, prescription opioids including oxycodone are orally self-administered and have different pharmacokinetics and dynamics than morphine or fentanyl, which have been more commonly used in rodent research. This oral route of administration determines the pharmacokinetic profile, which then influences the establishment of drug-reinforcement associations in animals. Moreover, the pattern of intake and the environment in which addictive drugs are self-administered are critical determinants of the levels of drug intake, of behavioural sensitization and of propensity to relapse behaviour. These are all important considerations when modelling prescription opioid use, which is characterized by continuous drug access in familiar environments. Thus, to model features of prescription opioid use and the transition to abuse, we designed an oral, homecage-based oxycodone self-administration paradigm. Mice voluntarily self-administer oxycodone in this paradigm without any taste modification such as sweeteners, and the majority exhibit preference for oxycodone, escalation of intake, physical signs of dependence and reinstatement of seeking after withdrawal. In addition, a subset of animals demonstrate drug taking that is resistant to aversive consequences. This model is therefore translationally relevant and useful for studying the neurobiological substrates of prescription opioid abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Slivicki
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tom Earnest
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rajesh Pareta
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric Casey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jun-Nan Li
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jessica Tooley
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kavitha Abiraman
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yvan M Vachez
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Drew K Wolf
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jason T Sackey
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Robert W Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bryan A Copits
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Meaghan C Creed
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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8
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McKendrick G, McDevitt DS, Shafeek P, Cottrill A, Graziane NM. Anterior cingulate cortex and its projections to the ventral tegmental area regulate opioid withdrawal, the formation of opioid context associations and context-induced drug seeking. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:972658. [PMID: 35992922 PMCID: PMC9388764 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.972658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that there are correlations between activity within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) following re-exposure to drug-associated contexts and drug craving. However, there are limited data contributing to our understanding of ACC function at the cellular level during re-exposure to drug-context associations as well as whether the ACC is directly related to context-induced drug seeking. Here, we addressed this issue by employing our novel behavioral procedure capable of measuring the formation of drug-context associations as well as context-induced drug-seeking behavior in male mice (8-12 weeks of age) that orally self-administered oxycodone. We found that mice escalated oxycodone intake during the long-access training sessions and that conditioning with oxycodone was sufficient to evoke conditioned place preference (CPP) and drug-seeking behaviors. Additionally, we found that thick-tufted, but not thin-tufted pyramidal neurons (PyNs) in the ACC as well as ventral tegmental area (VTA)-projecting ACC neurons had increased intrinsic membrane excitability in mice that self-administered oxycodone compared to controls. Moreover, we found that global inhibition of the ACC or inhibition of VTA-projecting ACC neurons was sufficient to significantly reduce oxycodone-induced CPP, drug seeking, and spontaneous opioid withdrawal. These results demonstrate a direct role of ACC activity in mediating context-induced opioid seeking among other behaviors, including withdrawal, that are associated with the DSM-V criteria of opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greer McKendrick
- Neuroscience Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Dillon S. McDevitt
- Neuroscience Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Peter Shafeek
- Medicine Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Adam Cottrill
- Neuroscience Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Graziane
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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9
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Effah F, de Gusmão Taveiros Silva NK, Vijayanathan K, Camarini R, Joly F, Taiwo B, Rabot S, Champeil-Potokar G, Bombail V, Bailey A. SEX-DEPENDENT IMPACT OF MICROBIOTA STATUS ON CEREBRAL μ -OPIOID RECEPTOR DENSITY IN FISCHER RATS. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1917-1933. [PMID: 35393704 PMCID: PMC9324823 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
μ‐opioid receptors (MOPr) play a critical role in social play, reward and pain, in a sex‐ and age‐dependent manner. There is evidence to suggest that sex and age differences in brain MOPr density may be responsible for this variability; however, little is known about the factors driving these differences in cerebral MOPr density. Emerging evidence highlights gut microbiota's critical influence and its bidirectional interaction with the brain on neurodevelopment. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of gut microbiota on MOPr density in male and female brains at different developmental stages. Quantitative [3H]DAMGO autoradiographic binding was carried out in the forebrain of male and female conventional (CON) and germ‐free (GF) rats at postnatal days (PND) 8, 22 and 116–150. Significant ‘microbiota status X sex’, ‘age X brain region’ interactions and microbiota status‐ and age‐dependent effects on MOPr binding were uncovered. Microbiota status influenced MOPr levels in males but not females, with higher MOPr levels observed in GF versus CON rats overall regions and age groups. In contrast, no overall sex differences were observed in GF or CON rats. Interestingly, within‐age planned comparison analysis conducted in frontal cortical and brain regions associated with reward revealed that this microbiota effect was restricted only to PND22 rats. Thus, this pilot study uncovers the critical sex‐dependent role of gut microbiota in regulating cerebral MOPr density, which is restricted to the sensitive developmental period of weaning. This may have implications in understanding the importance of microbiota during early development on opioid signalling and associated behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Effah
- Pharmacology Section, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | | | - Katie Vijayanathan
- Pharmacology Section, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Pharmacology Department, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fatima Joly
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Benjamin Taiwo
- Pharmacology Section, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Vincent Bombail
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Bailey
- Pharmacology Section, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK
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10
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Sierra S, Muchhala KH, Jessup DK, Contreras KM, Shah UH, Stevens DL, Jimenez J, Cuno Lavilla XK, de la Fuente Revenga M, Lippold KM, Shen S, Poklis JL, Qiao LY, Dewey WL, Akbarali HI, Damaj MI, González-Maeso J. Sex-specific role for serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor in modulation of opioid-induced antinociception and reward in mice. Neuropharmacology 2022; 209:108988. [PMID: 35183539 PMCID: PMC8934299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are among the most effective analgesics and the mainstay of pain management. However, concerns about safety and abuse liability have challenged their widespread use by the medical community. Opioid-sparing therapies include drugs that in combination with opioids have the ability to enhance analgesia while decreasing opioid requirement as well as their side effects. Sex differences in antinociceptive responses to opioids have received increasing attention in recent years. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences related to opioid-sparing adjuncts remain largely unexplored. Using warm water tail-withdrawal as a mouse model of acute thermal nociception, our data suggest that adjunctive administration of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) antagonist volinanserin dose-dependently enhanced potency of the opioid analgesic oxycodone in male, but not female, mice. This antinociceptive-like response induced by oxycodone was also augmented in 5-HT2AR knockout (5-HT2AR-/-) male, but not female mice; an effect that was reversed by Cre-loxP-mediated selective expression of 5-HT2AR in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of 5-HT2AR-/- littermates. Pharmacological inhibition with volinanserin or genetic deletion in 5-HT2AR-/- animals potentiated the ability of oxycodone to reduce DRG excitability in male mice. Adjunctive volinanserin did not affect oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), whereas it reduced oxycodone-induced locomotor sensitization in male and female mice. Together, these results suggest that adjunctive volinanserin augments opioid-induced antinociception, but not abuse-related behavior, through a sex-specific signaling crosstalk mechanism that requires 5-HT2AR expression in mouse DRG neurons. Ultimately, our results may pave the way for the clinical evaluation of volinanserin as a potential sex-specific opioid adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Sierra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Karan H Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Donald K Jessup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Katherine M Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Urjita H Shah
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - David L Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Jennifer Jimenez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Xiomara K Cuno Lavilla
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Mario de la Fuente Revenga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Kumiko M Lippold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Shanwei Shen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Justin L Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Liya Y Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - William L Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Hamid I Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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11
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Iyer V, Woodward TJ, Pacheco R, Hohmann AG. A limited access oral oxycodone paradigm produces physical dependence and mesocorticolimbic region-dependent increases in DeltaFosB expression without preference. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108925. [PMID: 34921830 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of oral formulations of prescription opioids has precipitated the current opioid epidemic. We developed an oral oxycodone consumption model consisting of a limited access (4 h) two-bottle choice drinking in the dark (TBC-DID) paradigm and quantified dependence with naloxone challenge using mice of both sexes. We also assessed neurobiological correlates of withdrawal and dependence elicited via oral oxycodone consumption using immunohistochemistry for DeltaFosB (ΔFosB), a transcription factor described as a molecular marker for drug addiction. Neither sex developed a preference for the oxycodone bottle, irrespective of oxycodone concentration, bottle position or prior water restriction. Mice that volitionally consumed oxycodone exhibited hyperlocomotion in an open field test and supraspinal but not spinally-mediated antinociception. Both sexes also developed robust, dose-dependent levels of opioid withdrawal that was precipitated by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Oral oxycodone consumption followed by naloxone challenge led to mesocorticolimbic region-dependent increases in the number of ΔFosB expressing cells. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumps, but not the oxycodone bottle % preference, was positively correlated with the number of ΔFosB expressing cells specifically in the nucleus accumbens shell. Thus, limited access oral consumption of oxycodone produced physical dependence and increased ΔFosB expression despite the absence of opioid preference. Our TBC-DID paradigm allows for the study of oral opioid consumption in a simple, high-throughput manner and elucidates the underlying neurobiological substrates that accompany opioid-induced physical dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakh Iyer
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Taylor J Woodward
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Romario Pacheco
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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12
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Alshehri FS, Alghamdi BS, Hakami AY, Alshehri AA, Althobaiti YS. Melatonin attenuates morphine-induced conditioned place preference in Wistar rats. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2397. [PMID: 34710287 PMCID: PMC8671767 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Morphine is the predominantly used drug for postoperative and cancer pain management. However, the abuse potential of morphine is the primary disadvantage of using opioids in pain management. Melatonin is a neurohormone synthesized in the pineal gland and is involved in circadian rhythms in mammals, as well as other physiological functions. Melatonin provenly attenuates alcohol-seeking and relapse behaviors in rats. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the involvement of the melatonergic system in attenuating morphine dependence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, morphine, and morphine + melatonin. Animals were habituated for 3 days, and the initial preference was evaluated. Following the initial preference, the control group received the vehicle and was placed for a 45-min session in the assigned chamber every day, alternating between the two chambers, for 8 days. The morphine group received a morphine injection (5 mg/kg, IP) and was placed for a 45-min session in the white chamber, for a total of four sessions. The morphine + melatonin group received the morphine injection (5 mg/kg, IP) for a total of four sessions over an 8-day period. In the posttest session, the control and morphine groups received a vehicle injection 30 min before placement in the conditioned place preference (CPP). The morphine + melatonin group received a single injection of melatonin (50 mg/kg, IP) 30 min before the preference test. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed that repeated administration of morphine for four sessions produced a significant increase in the CPP score in the morphine group compared to the control group. However, a single melatonin injection administered 30 min before the posttest attenuated morphine-seeking behavior and reduced morphine-induced place preference. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel evidence for the role of the melatonergic system as a potential target in modulating morphine-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad S Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alqassem Y Hakami
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alshehri
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.,College of Pharmacy, Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Gaulden AD, Burson N, Sadik N, Ghosh I, Khan S, Brummelte S, Kallakuri S, Perrine SA. Effects of fentanyl on acute locomotor activity, behavioral sensitization, and contextual reward in female and male rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109101. [PMID: 34628096 PMCID: PMC8671359 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although fentanyl has gained widespread prominence, there remains a lack of knowledge on this opioid synthetic agonist, particularly related to sex effects. Therefore, we conducted behavioral tests in female and male rats to measure drug abuse-related responses to fentanyl hypothesizing sex-specific responses. METHODS Using female and male rats, we measured the effects of acute or repeated administration of fentanyl (20 μg/kg) on locomotor activity (LMA) and behavioral sensitization in an open field test. We further measured contextual-reward and associated locomotor activity during training in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm using a low (4 μg/kg) or high (16 μg/kg) dose of fentanyl. Vaginal lavage samples were collected from female rats in the CPP study, and the estrous phase was determined based on the cytological characterization. RESULTS Female, but not male, rats showed elevated LMA in response to acute fentanyl and behavioral sensitization to repeated administration of fentanyl. Fentanyl produced significant CPP in both sexes, but it was more potent in males. Finally, our secondary investigation of the estrous cycle on fentanyl-CPP suggests that non-estrus phases, likely reflecting high estradiol, may predict the degree of fentanyl preference in females. CONCLUSIONS Fentanyl was more potent and/or effective to produce LMA and LMA sensitization in females but more potent to produce CPP in males. Furthermore, the role of sex in fentanyl responses varied across endpoints, and sex differences in LMA were not predictive of sex differences in CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Gaulden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.,Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Nicole Burson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Nareen Sadik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.,Research Services, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI
| | - Ishita Ghosh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Sabrina Khan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Susanne Brummelte
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.,Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Srinivasu Kallakuri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.,Research Services, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI
| | - Shane A. Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.,Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.,Research Services, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI
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14
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Carpenter MD, Manners MT, Heller EA, Blendy JA. Adolescent oxycodone exposure inhibits withdrawal-induced expression of genes associated with the dopamine transmission. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12994. [PMID: 33325096 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prescription opioid misuse is a major public health concern among children and adolescents in the United States. Opioids are the most commonly abused drugs and are the fastest growing drug problem among adolescents. In humans and animals, adolescence is a particularly sensitive period associated with an increased response to drugs of abuse. Our previous studies indicate that oxycodone exposure during adolescence increases morphine reward in adulthood. How early drug exposure mediates long-term changes in the brain and behavior is not known, but epigenetic regulation is a likely mechanism. To address this question, we exposed mice to oxycodone or saline during adolescence and examined epigenetic modifications at genes associated with dopamine activity during adulthood at early and late withdrawal, in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). We then compared these with alterations in the VTA of adult-treated mice following an equivalent duration of exposure and withdrawal to determine if the effects of oxycodone are age dependent. We observed persistence of adolescent-like gene expression following adolescent oxycodone exposure relative to age-matched saline exposed controls, although dopamine-related gene expression was transiently activated at 1 day of withdrawal. Following prolonged withdrawal enrichment of the repressive histone mark, H3K27me3, was maintained, consistent with inhibition of gene regulation following adolescent exposure. By contrast, mice exposed to oxycodone as adults showed loss of the repressive mark and increased gene expression following 28 days of withdrawal following oxycodone exposure. Together, our findings provide evidence that adolescent oxycodone exposure has long-term epigenetic consequences in VTA of the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco D. Carpenter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Melissa T. Manners
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Biological Sciences University of the Sciences Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Heller
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Julie A. Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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15
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Altshuler RD, Garcia KT, Li X. Incubation of Oxycodone Craving Following Adult-Onset and Adolescent-Onset Oxycodone Self-Administration in Male Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:697509. [PMID: 34248518 PMCID: PMC8262493 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.697509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse is a major obstacle to curb the ongoing epidemic of prescription opioid abuse. We and others previously demonstrated that oxycodone seeking in adult rats progressively increases after abstinence from oxycodone self-administration (incubation of oxycodone craving). In humans, the onset of oxycodone use in adolescents may increase individuals' vulnerability to later opioid addiction. However, little is known about incubation of oxycodone craving after adolescent-onset oxycodone self-administration in rats. In the first study, we trained single-housed adolescent (postnatal day 35 at start) and adult (postnatal day 77 at start) male Sprague-Dawley rats to self-administer oxycodone (0.1 mg/kg/infusion, 6 h/day for 10 days) and then tested oxycodone relapse on both abstinence day 1 and day 15. Given that social experience is critical for neurobehavioral development in adolescents, we performed the second study using group-housed adolescent and adult rats. In both studies, we observed no age differences in oxycodone self-administration and incubated oxycodone seeking on abstinence day 15. However, on abstinence day 1, we observed decreased oxycodone seeking in adolescents compared with adults. This pattern of data led to elevated incubation slopes in adolescent rats compared with adult rats. Finally, group-housed rats exhibited attenuated oxycodone seeking compared with single-housed rats on abstinence day 15, but not on day 1. Taken together, these data suggest that adolescents may be resistant to oxycodone relapse during early abstinence, but this resistance dissipates quickly during the transition between adolescent and young adulthood. In addition, group-housing plays a protective role against incubated oxycodone craving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xuan Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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16
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Reeves KC, Kube MJ, Grecco GG, Fritz BM, Muñoz B, Yin F, Gao Y, Haggerty DL, Hoffman HJ, Atwood BK. Mu opioid receptors on vGluT2-expressing glutamatergic neurons modulate opioid reward. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12942. [PMID: 32686251 PMCID: PMC7854952 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of Mu opioid receptor (MOR)‐mediated regulation of GABA transmission in opioid reward is well established. Much less is known about MOR‐mediated regulation of glutamate transmission in the brain and how this relates to drug reward. We previously found that MORs inhibit glutamate transmission at synapses that express the Type 2 vesicular glutamate transporter (vGluT2). We created a transgenic mouse that lacks MORs in vGluT2‐expressing neurons (MORflox‐vGluT2cre) to demonstrate that MORs on the vGluT2 neurons themselves mediate this synaptic inhibition. We then explored the role of MORs in vGluT2‐expressing neurons in opioid‐related behaviors. In tests of conditioned place preference, MORflox‐vGluT2cre mice did not acquire place preference for a low dose of the opioid, oxycodone, but displayed conditioned place aversion at a higher dose, whereas control mice displayed preference for both doses. In an oral consumption assessment, these mice consumed less oxycodone and had reduced preference for oxycodone compared with controls. MORflox‐vGluT2cre mice also failed to show oxycodone‐induced locomotor stimulation. These mice displayed baseline withdrawal‐like responses following the development of oxycodone dependence that were not seen in littermate controls. In addition, withdrawal‐like responses in these mice did not increase following treatment with the opioid antagonist, naloxone. However, other MOR‐mediated behaviors were unaffected, including oxycodone‐induced analgesia. These data reveal that MOR‐mediated regulation of glutamate transmission is a critical component of opioid reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C. Reeves
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Megan J. Kube
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Gregory G. Grecco
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Brandon M. Fritz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Braulio Muñoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Fuqin Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - David L. Haggerty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Hunter J. Hoffman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Brady K. Atwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
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17
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Minhas M, Limebeer CL, Strom E, Parker LA, Leri F. High fructose corn syrup alters behavioural and neurobiological responses to oxycodone in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 205:173189. [PMID: 33845083 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There are indications that sugars in the diet can play a role in vulnerability to opioid abuse. The current study examined a range of neuro-behavioural interactions between oxycodone (OXY) and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Male Sprague-Dawley rats had access to HFCS (0 or 50%) over 26 days in their home cages and were subsequently tested on place conditioning induced by 0, 0.16 and 2.5 mg/kg OXY (3 pairings of drug and saline, each 30 min), as well as on locomotor responses to 0, 0.16 and 2.5 mg/kg OXY, and in-vivo microdialysis was employed to measure dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in response to 0 and 2.5 mg/kg OXY. A complex set of interactions between HFCS exposure and responses to OXY were observed: HFCS increased place preference induced by OXY, it enhanced the suppressant effect of OXY on locomotion, and it attenuated OXY-induced elevation in DA overflow in the NAc. Taken together, these findings suggest that nutrition has the potential to influence some responses to opioids which may be relevant to their abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Minhas
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Limebeer
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Evan Strom
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Linda A Parker
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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18
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Soeiro T, Pradel V, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Micallef J. Evolution of doctor shopping for oxycodone in the 67 million inhabitants in France as a proxy for potential misuse or abuse. Pain 2021; 162:770-777. [PMID: 33021567 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This nationwide study aimed to compare use of oxycodone and doctor shopping for oxycodone in 2010 and 2016, and to quantify doctor shopping for oxycodone by sex, age, formulation, and dosage in 2010 and 2016. This study is a cross-sectional comparative analysis of doctor shopping based on all dispensings of oxycodone in France, in 2010 and 2016. Dispensings of oxycodone were extracted from the Système national des données de santé, which covers the 67 million inhabitants in France. Quantification of doctor shopping relies on an algorithm accounting for overlapping prescriptions, which is a proxy for potential misuse or abuse. The number of subjects who received oxycodone increased by 214% from 67,838 subjects in 2010 to 212,753 subjects in 2016, and the number of subjects with doctor-shopping behavior increased by 197%, from 1066 subjects in 2010 to 3163 subjects in 2016. For 30- to 44-year-old men, the total quantity of oxycodone obtained by doctor shopping increased by 391%, from 4582 defined daily doses in 2010 to 22,517 defined daily doses in 2016. By formulation and dosage, the total quantity of oxycodone obtained by doctor shopping increased with the dosage for both immediate-release and extended-release tablets in 2010 and 2016. The widespread extent of doctor shopping and its 3-fold increase in line with population exposure is a strong signal in the French context. These results are another argument to avoid trivializing oxycodone to prevent misuse, potential abuse, and potential oxycodone-related deaths, but it requires caution to prevent compromising effective treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Soeiro
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 1106, Assistance publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de pharmacologie clinique, Centre d'évaluation et d'information sur la pharmacodépendance, Addictovigilance, France
| | - Vincent Pradel
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 1106, Assistance publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de pharmacologie clinique, Centre d'évaluation et d'information sur la pharmacodépendance, Addictovigilance, France
| | - Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre
- Université Paul Sabatier, Inserm, UMR 1027, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Toulouse, Service de pharmacologie clinique, Centre d'évaluation et d'information sur la pharmacodépendance, Addictovigilance, France
| | - Joëlle Micallef
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 1106, Assistance publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de pharmacologie clinique, Centre d'évaluation et d'information sur la pharmacodépendance, Addictovigilance, France
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19
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Zhang Y, Kreek MJ. Nalfurafine modulates the reinforcing effects of oxycodone in male and female adolescent C57BL/6J mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 176:108244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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The potential rewarding and reinforcing effects of the substituted benzofurans 2-EAPB and 5-EAPB in rodents. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Windisch KA, Kreek MJ. Review of addiction risk potential associated with adolescent opioid use. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 198:173022. [PMID: 32871141 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period of development with robust behavioral, morphological, hormonal, and neurochemical changes including changes in brain regions implicated in the reinforcing effects of drugs such as opioids. Here we examine the preclinical and, where appropriate complementary clinical literature, for the behavioral and neurological changes induced by adolescent opioid exposure/use and their long-term consequences during adulthood. Adolescent opioid exposure results in a widened biphasic shift in reinforcement with increased impact of positive rewarding aspects during initial use and profound negative reinforcement during adulthood. Females may have enhanced vulnerability due to fast onset of antinociceptive tolerance and reduced severity of somatic withdrawal symptoms during adolescence. Overall, adolescent opioid exposure, be it legally prescribed protracted intake or illicit consumption, results in significant and prolonged consequences of increased opioid reward concomitant with reduced analgesic efficacy and exacerbated somatic withdrawal severity during opioid use/exposure in adulthood. These findings are highly relevant to physicians, parents, law makers, and the general public as adolescent opioid exposure/misuse results in heightened risk for substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Windisch
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Raleigh MD, Accetturo C, Pravetoni M. Combining a Candidate Vaccine for Opioid Use Disorders with Extended-Release Naltrexone Increases Protection against Oxycodone-Induced Behavioral Effects and Toxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:392-403. [PMID: 32586850 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorders (OUDs) and opioid-related fatal overdoses are a significant public health concern in the United States and worldwide. To offer more effective medical interventions to treat or prevent OUD, antiopioid vaccines are in development that reduce the distribution of the targeted opioids to brain and subsequently reduce the associated behavioral and toxic effects. It is of critical importance that antiopioid vaccines do not interfere with medications that treat OUD. Hence, this study tested the preclinical proof of concept of combining a candidate oxycodone vaccine [oxycodone-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (OXY-KLH)] with an FDA-approved extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) depot formulation in rats. The effects of XR-NTX on oxycodone-induced motor activity and antinociception were first assessed in nonvaccinated naïve rats to establish a baseline for subsequent studies. Next, OXY-KLH and XR-NTX were coadministered to determine whether the combination would affect the efficacy of each individual treatment, and it was found that the combination of OXY-KLH and XR-NTX offered greater efficacy in reducing oxycodone-induced motor activity, thigmotaxis, antinociception, and respiratory depression over a range of repeated or escalating oxycodone doses in rats. These data support the feasibility of combining antibody-based therapies with opioid receptor antagonists to provide greater or prolonged protection against opioid-related toxicity or overdose. Combining antiopioid vaccines with XR-NTX may provide prophylactic measures to subjects at risk of relapse and accidental or deliberate exposure. Combination therapy may extend to other biologics (e.g., monoclonal antibodies) and medications against substance use disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Opioid use disorders (OUDs) remain a major problem worldwide, and new therapies are needed. This study reports on the combination of an oxycodone vaccine [oxycodone-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (OXY-KLH)] with a currently approved OUD therapy, extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX). Results demonstrated that XR-NTX did not interfere with OXY-KLH efficacy, and combination of low doses of XR-NTX with vaccine was more effective than each individual treatment alone to reduce behavioral and toxic effects of oxycodone, suggesting that combining OXY-KLH with XR-NTX may improve OUD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Raleigh
- Departments of Pharmacology (M.D.R., M.P.) and Medicine (M.P.), Center for Immunology (M.P.), Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Socrates Program, Milano, Italy (C.A.); and Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.)
| | - Claudia Accetturo
- Departments of Pharmacology (M.D.R., M.P.) and Medicine (M.P.), Center for Immunology (M.P.), Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Socrates Program, Milano, Italy (C.A.); and Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.)
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Departments of Pharmacology (M.D.R., M.P.) and Medicine (M.P.), Center for Immunology (M.P.), Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Socrates Program, Milano, Italy (C.A.); and Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.)
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Collins D, Zhang Y, Blendy J, Kreek MJ. Murine model of OPRM1 A118G alters oxycodone self-administration and locomotor activation, but not conditioned place preference. Neuropharmacology 2020; 167:107864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Salahuddin MF, Qrareya AN, Mahdi F, Jackson D, Foster M, Vujanovic T, Box JG, Paris JJ. Combined HIV-1 Tat and oxycodone activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and -gonadal axes and promote psychomotor, affective, and cognitive dysfunction in female mice. Horm Behav 2020; 119:104649. [PMID: 31821792 PMCID: PMC7071558 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The majority of HIV+ patients present with neuroendocrine dysfunction and ~50% experience co-morbid neurological symptoms including motor, affective, and cognitive dysfunction, collectively termed neuroHIV. In preclinical models, the neurotoxic HIV-1 regulatory protein, trans-activator of transcription (Tat), promotes neuroHIV pathology that can be exacerbated by opioids. We and others find gonadal steroids, estradiol (E2) or progesterone (P4), to rescue Tat-mediated pathology. However, the combined effects of Tat and opioids on neuroendocrine function and the subsequent ameliorative capacity of gonadal steroids are unknown. We found that conditional HIV-1 Tat expression in naturally-cycling transgenic mice dose-dependently potentiated oxycodone-mediated psychomotor behavior. Tat increased depression-like behavior in a tail-suspension test among proestrous mice, but decreased it among diestrous mice (who already demonstrated greater depression-like behavior); oxycodone reversed these effects. Combined Tat and oxycodone produced apparent behavioral disinhibition of anxiety-like responding which was greater on diestrus than on proestrus. These mice made more central entries in an open field, but spent less time there and demonstrated greater circulating corticosterone. Tat increased the E2:P4 ratio of circulating steroids on diestrus and acute oxycodone attenuated this effect, but repeated oxycodone exacerbated it. Corticotropin-releasing factor was increased by Tat expression, acute oxycodone exposure, and was greater on diestrus compared to proestrus. In human neuroblastoma cells, Tat exerted neurotoxicity that was ameliorated by E2 (1 or 10 nM) or P4 (100, but not 10 nM) independent of oxycodone. Oxycodone decreased gene expression of estrogen and κ-opioid receptors. Thus, neuroendocrine function may be an important target for HIV-1 Tat/opioid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F Salahuddin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Alaa N Qrareya
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Fakhri Mahdi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Dejun Jackson
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Matthew Foster
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Tamara Vujanovic
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - J Gaston Box
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Jason J Paris
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, MS 38677-1848, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Kvello AMS, Andersen JM, Boix F, Mørland J, Bogen IL. The role of 6-acetylmorphine in heroin-induced reward and locomotor sensitization in mice. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12727. [PMID: 30788879 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that heroin's first metabolite, 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM), is an important mediator of heroin's acute effects. However, the significance of 6-AM to the rewarding properties of heroin still remains unknown. The present study therefore aimed to examine the contribution of 6-AM to heroin-induced reward and locomotor sensitization. Mice were tested for conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by equimolar doses of heroin or 6-AM (1.25-5 μmol/kg). Psychomotor activity was recorded during the CPP conditioning sessions for assessment of drug-induced locomotor sensitization. The contribution of 6-AM to heroin reward and locomotor sensitization was further examined by pretreating mice with a 6-AM specific antibody (anti-6-AM mAb) 24 hours prior to the CPP procedure. Both heroin and 6-AM induced CPP in mice, but heroin generated twice as high CPP scores compared with 6-AM. Locomotor sensitization was expressed after repeated exposure to 2.5 and 5 μmol/kg heroin or 6-AM, but not after 1.25 μmol/kg, and we found no correlation between the expression of CPP and the magnitude of locomotor sensitization for either opioid. Pretreatment with anti-6-AM mAb suppressed both heroin-induced and 6-AM-induced CPP and locomotor sensitization. These findings provide evidence that 6-AM is essential for the rewarding and sensitizing properties of heroin; however, heroin caused stronger reward compared with 6-AM. This may be explained by the higher lipophilicity of heroin, providing more efficient drug transfer to the brain, ensuring rapid increase in the brain 6-AM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marte Sjursen Kvello
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic SciencesOslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Jannike Mørch Andersen
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic SciencesOslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Fernando Boix
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic SciencesOslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Jørg Mørland
- Division of Health Data and DigitalisationNorwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
| | - Inger Lise Bogen
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic SciencesOslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo Oslo Norway
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Fan XY, Shi G, Zhao P. Reversal of oxycodone conditioned place preference by oxytocin: Promoting global DNA methylation in the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2019; 160:107778. [PMID: 31526808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to the opioid agonist, oxycodone, can lead to addiction. Accumulating evidence has shown that oxytocin (OT), a neurohypophyseal neuropeptide, could reduce the abuse potential of drugs. Recent studies suggest that epigenetic regulation through DNA methylation are involved in neuroadaptations. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of OT on oxycodone conditioned place preference (CPP) and the epigenetic mechanism of OT in the hippocampus. For induction of CPP, oxycodone (3.0 mg/kg, i. p.) was administrated to male Sprague-Dawley rats once every other day during an eight-day conditioning phase. Global 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) level was determined based on CPP procedure, including acquisition, expression, extinction and reinstatement. We also measured mRNA levels of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts), ten-eleven translocations (Tets) and synaptic genes (Psd95, Shank2, Gap43, etc.), and determined synaptic density after restraint stress-induced reinstatement of oxycodone CPP. The results showed that OT (2.5 μg, i. c.v.) pretreatment specifically inhibited the CPP acquisition and expression, facilitated the CPP extinction, and abolished restraint stress-induced reinstatement of oxycodone CPP. OT markedly inhibited global 5-mC changes induced by oxycodone CPP in the four phases. Following restraint stress-induced reinstatement of oxycodone CPP, OT significantly increased mRNA levels of Dnmt1, decreased Tet1 mRNA, synaptic proteins and synaptic density in the hippocampus. Our study indicated that reversal of global DNA hypomethylation through OT could significantly attenuate the rewarding effects induced by oxycodone. Our results suggested that OT could be specific manipulation on oxycodone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Shi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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27
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Yang PP, Yeh TK, Loh HH, Law PY, Wang Y, Tao PL. Delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole reduces oxycodone addiction and constipation in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:265-273. [PMID: 30959048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxycodone, a widely prescribed and very potent oral opioid analgesic agent, is highly addictive and has many side effects, including troublesome constipation. Our studies in mice indicated that pretreatment of naltrindole did not significantly affect the analgesic efficacy of oxycodone but attenuated the tolerance and withdrawal induced by chronic oxycodone administration. Naltrindole also attenuated the oxycodone-induced rewarding and re-instatement behaviors, as shown by the conditioned place preference test. Further, oxycodone-induced decrease in intestinal transit (i.e., constipation) was reduced by naltrindole. However, naltrindole did not block the respiratory depression produced by oxycodone. Taken together, these data suggest that naltrindole can attenuate some major side effects while retaining the analgesic efficacy of oxycodone in mice. Naltrindole and oxycodone may have the potential to be a potent analgesic combination with much lower levels of oxycodone's side effects of addictive liability and constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Pao Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Horace H Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pao-Luh Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC.
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28
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Ryan JD, Zhou Y, Contoreggi NH, Bshesh FK, Gray JD, Kogan JF, Ben KT, McEwen BS, Jeanne Kreek M, Milner TA. Sex Differences in the Rat Hippocampal Opioid System After Oxycodone Conditioned Place Preference. Neuroscience 2018; 393:236-257. [PMID: 30316908 PMCID: PMC6246823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although opioid addiction has risen dramatically, the role of gender in addiction has been difficult to elucidate. We previously found sex-dependent differences in the hippocampal opioid system of Sprague-Dawley rats that may promote associative learning relevant to drug abuse. The present studies show that although female and male rats acquired conditioned place preference (CPP) to the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist oxycodone (3 mg/kg, I.P.), hippocampal opioid circuits were differentially altered. In CA3, Leu-Enkephalin-containing mossy fibers had elevated levels in oxycodone CPP (Oxy) males comparable to those in females and sprouted in Oxy-females, suggesting different mechanisms for enhancing opioid sensitivity. Electron microscopy revealed that in Oxy-males delta opioid receptors (DORs) redistributed to mossy fiber-CA3 synapses in a manner resembling females that we previously showed is important for opioid-mediated long-term potentiation. Moreover, in Oxy-females DORs redistributed to CA3 pyramidal cell spines, suggesting the potential for enhanced plasticity processes. In Saline-injected (Sal) females, dentate hilar parvalbumin-containing basket interneuron dendrites had fewer MORs, however plasmalemmal and total MORs increased in Oxy-females. In dentate hilar GABAergic dendrites that contain neuropeptide Y, Sal-females compared to Sal-males had higher plasmalemmal DORs, and near-plasmalemmal DORs increased in Oxy-females. This redistribution of MORs and DORs within hilar interneurons in Oxy-females would potentially enhance disinhibition of granule cells via two different circuits. Together, these results indicate that oxycodone CPP induces sex-dependent redistributions of opioid receptors in hippocampal circuits in a manner facilitating opioid-associative learning processes and may help explain the increased susceptibility of females to opioid addiction acquisition and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Ryan
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, United States; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, United States.
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Natalina H Contoreggi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Farah K Bshesh
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Jason D Gray
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Joshua F Kogan
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Konrad T Ben
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, United States; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, United States; Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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29
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Hong YR, Moon E. Reliability and validity of free software for the analysis of locomotor activity in mice. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2018; 35:63-69. [PMID: 31620572 PMCID: PMC6784660 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2018.35.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kinovea software that tracking semi-automatically the motion in video screen has been used to study motion-related tasks in several studies. However, the validation of this software in open field test to assess locomotor activity have not been studied yet. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of this software in analyzing locomotor activities. Methods Thirty male Institute Cancer Research mice were subjected in this study. The results examined by this software and the classical method were compared. Test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability were analyzed with Pearson's correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The validity of this software was analyzed with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results This software showed good test-retest reliability (ICC=0.997, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.975-0.994, p<0.001). This software also showed good inter-rater reliability (ICC=0.987, 95% CI=0.973-0.994, p<0.001). Furthermore, in three analyses for the validity of this software, there were significant correlations between two methods (Pearson's correlation coefficient=0.928-0.972, p<0.001). In addition, this software showed good reliability and validity in the analysis locomotor activity according to time interval. Conclusion This study showed that this software in analyzing drug-induced locomotor activity has good reliability and validity. This software can be effectively used in animal study using the analysis of locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Rha Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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30
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Dziedowiec E, Nayak SU, Gruver KS, Jennings T, Tallarida CS, Rawls SM. Mu Opioid Receptor Agonist DAMGO Produces Place Conditioning, Abstinence-induced Withdrawal, and Naltrexone-Dependent Locomotor Activation in Planarians. Neuroscience 2018; 386:214-222. [PMID: 29958944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the behavioral effects planarians display when exposed to cocaine, amphetamines, cathinones, ethanol and sucrose, effects of opioid receptor agonists, especially mu opioid receptor agonists, are poorly defined in these flatworms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that planarians exposed to a selective mu opioid receptor agonist, DAMGO (0.1, 1, 10 µM), would display a triad of opioid-like effects (place conditioning, abstinence-induced withdrawal, and motility changes). DAMGO was selected versus morphine because of its greater mu opioid receptor selectivity. In place conditioning and abstinence experiments, the planarian light/dark test (PLDT) was utilized (i.e., planarians are placed into a petri dish containing water that is split into light and dark compartments and time spent in the compartments is determined). Planarians conditioned with DAMGO (1 µM) spent more time on the drug-paired side compared to water controls. In abstinence experiments, planarians exposed to DAMGO for 30 min were removed and then placed into water, where light avoidance (e.g. defensive responding) and depressant-like effects (i.e., decreased motility) were quantified. Compared to water controls, DAMGO-withdrawn planarians spent less time in the light (10 µM) and displayed decreased motility (1, 10 µM). Acute DAMGO exposure (1 µM) produced hypermotility that was antagonized by naltrexone (1, 10, 100 µM). In contrast, acute exposure to the kappa opioid receptor agonist U50,488H (0.1, 1, 10 µM) resulted in decreased motility. Our results show that a mu opioid agonist produces mammalian-like behavioral responses in planarians that may be related to addiction and suggest opioid-like behavioral effects are conserved in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dziedowiec
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunil U Nayak
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keenan S Gruver
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyra Jennings
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher S Tallarida
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M Rawls
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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31
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Levo-corydalmine alleviates vincristine-induced neuropathic pain in mice by inhibiting an NF-kappa B-dependent CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling pathway. Neuropharmacology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Hankosky ER, Westbrook SR, Haake RM, Marinelli M, Gulley JM. Reduced sensitivity to reinforcement in adolescent compared to adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:861-871. [PMID: 29197983 PMCID: PMC5963930 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adolescence is a period of considerable development of brain and behavior and is the time during which most drug use is initiated. OBJECTIVE Age-dependent differences in motivated behaviors may be one of the factors that contribute to heightened vulnerability to developing substance use disorders, so we sought to compare age differences in methamphetamine (METH) and saccharin seeking. METHODS Beginning during adolescence or adulthood, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer 0.1% saccharin (via liquid dipper cup) or intravenous METH at one of three doses (0.02, 0.05, 0.08 mg/kg/inf) under increasing fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. Subsequently, responding for METH (0.02, 0.05, 0.08, or 0.1 mg/kg/inf) under progressive ratio response requirements was assessed in rats that acquired METH self-administration at the highest dose (0.08 mg/kg/inf). RESULTS We found that adult-onset rats acquired METH self-administration more readily and exhibited higher motivation compared to adolescent-onset rats, although there were no differences in METH intake during acquisition. Adult rats also acquired saccharin self-administration more readily, but in contrast to METH, there were age and sex differences in saccharin intake driven by high levels of responding in adult females. CONCLUSIONS These findings challenge the prevailing notion that adolescents are hypersensitive to reward and instead raise questions about the potential role of methodological factors on which rodent studies often differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Hankosky
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Sara R. Westbrook
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Rachel M. Haake
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Michela Marinelli
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Joshua M. Gulley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Gaspari S, Cogliani V, Manouras L, Anderson EM, Mitsi V, Avrampou K, Carr FB, Zachariou V. RGS9-2 Modulates Responses to Oxycodone in Pain-Free and Chronic Pain States. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1548-1556. [PMID: 28074831 PMCID: PMC5436127 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of G-protein signaling 9-2 (RGS9-2) is a striatal-enriched signal-transduction modulator known to have a critical role in the development of addiction-related behaviors following exposure to psychostimulants or opioids. RGS9-2 controls the function of several G-protein-coupled receptors, including dopamine receptor and mu opioid receptor (MOR). We previously showed that RGS9-2 complexes negatively control morphine analgesia, and promote the development of morphine tolerance. In contrast, RGS9-2 positively modulates the actions of other opioid analgesics, such as fentanyl and methadone. Here we investigate the role of RGS9-2 in regulating responses to oxycodone, an MOR agonist prescribed for the treatment of severe pain conditions that has addictive properties. Using mice lacking the Rgs9 gene (RGS9KO), we demonstrate that RGS9-2 positively regulates the rewarding effects of oxycodone in pain-free states, and in a model of neuropathic pain. Furthermore, although RGS9-2 does not affect the analgesic efficacy of oxycodone or the expression of physical withdrawal, it opposes the development of oxycodone tolerance, in both acute pain and chronic neuropathic pain models. Taken together, these data provide new information on the signal-transduction mechanisms that modulate the rewarding and analgesic actions of oxycodone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevasti Gaspari
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA
- University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Valeria Cogliani
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lefteris Manouras
- University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ethan M Anderson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vasiliki Mitsi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kleopatra Avrampou
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fiona B Carr
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Sanchez V, Carpenter MD, Yohn NL, Blendy JA. Long-lasting effects of adolescent oxycodone exposure on reward-related behavior and gene expression in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3991-4002. [PMID: 27624598 PMCID: PMC5992616 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prescription opioid abuse and transition to heroin use are growing problems in the USA. However, the long-term consequences of adolescent prescription opioid abuse on subsequent drug use and affective-like behavior are unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine if adolescent exposure to oxycodone alters the rewarding effects of morphine, anxiety-like behavior, and reward-related gene expression later in adulthood. METHODS Adolescent male C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to oxycodone (3 mg/kg/day) via osmotic minipumps for 28 days. Following a 28-day withdrawal period, mice were tested in morphine-conditioned place preference paradigm (CPP), morphine sensitization, open field, marble burying, and forced swim (FST) tests. To determine if effects were specific to adolescent exposure, adult mice were exposed to oxycodone for 28 days and underwent 28 days of withdrawal prior to the same behavioral testing schedule. Expression of reward-related genes including dopamine receptor 1 (D1) and dopamine transporter (DAT) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) was examined. RESULTS Adolescent oxycodone exposure significantly increased (300 %) response to morphine CPP during adulthood and significantly reduced D1 expression (30 %) in the NAc and DAT expression (75 %) in the VTA. Adult oxycodone exposure did not affect subsequent responses to morphine CPP. Oxycodone exposure did not affect the development of morphine sensitization or affective-like behaviors. Corticosterone response to a stressor (FST) was significantly reduced (65 %) in mice exposed to oxycodone during adolescence but not adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent oxycodone exposure enhances rewarding effects of morphine in adulthood with no effect on other affective-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sanchez
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Translational Research Laboratory, 125 South 31st Street, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Marco D Carpenter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Translational Research Laboratory, 125 South 31st Street, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Nicole L Yohn
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Translational Research Laboratory, 125 South 31st Street, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Julie A Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Translational Research Laboratory, 125 South 31st Street, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA.
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Kutlu MG, Gould TJ. Effects of drugs of abuse on hippocampal plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory: contributions to development and maintenance of addiction. Learn Mem 2016; 23:515-33. [PMID: 27634143 PMCID: PMC5026208 DOI: 10.1101/lm.042192.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has long been hypothesized that conditioning mechanisms play major roles in addiction. Specifically, the associations between rewarding properties of drugs of abuse and the drug context can contribute to future use and facilitate the transition from initial drug use into drug dependency. On the other hand, the self-medication hypothesis of drug abuse suggests that negative consequences of drug withdrawal result in relapse to drug use as an attempt to alleviate the negative symptoms. In this review, we explored these hypotheses and the involvement of the hippocampus in the development and maintenance of addiction to widely abused drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine, alcohol, opiates, and cannabis. Studies suggest that initial exposure to stimulants (i.e., cocaine, nicotine, and amphetamine) and alcohol may enhance hippocampal function and, therefore, the formation of augmented drug-context associations that contribute to the development of addiction. In line with the self-medication hypothesis, withdrawal from stimulants, ethanol, and cannabis results in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory deficits, which suggest that an attempt to alleviate these deficits may contribute to relapse to drug use and maintenance of addiction. Interestingly, opiate withdrawal leads to enhancement of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Given that a conditioned aversion to drug context develops during opiate withdrawal, the cognitive enhancement in this case may result in the formation of an augmented association between withdrawal-induced aversion and withdrawal context. Therefore, individuals with opiate addiction may return to opiate use to avoid aversive symptoms triggered by the withdrawal context. Overall, the systematic examination of the role of the hippocampus in drug addiction may help to formulate a better understanding of addiction and underlying neural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Gunes Kutlu
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Zhang Y, Windisch K, Altschuler J, Rahm S, Butelman ER, Kreek MJ. Adolescent oxycodone self administration alters subsequent oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference and anti-nociceptive effect in C57BL/6J mice in adulthood. Neuropharmacology 2016; 111:314-322. [PMID: 27614221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent and young adult abuse of short-acting MOP-r agonists such as oxycodone is a pressing public health issue. Few preclinical studies have examined how adolescent exposure to oxycodone impacts its effects in the transition to adulthood. OBJECTIVE To determine in mice how chronic adolescent oxycodone self-administration (SA) affects subsequent oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), locomotor activity, and anti-nociception once mice reach early adulthood. METHODS Adolescent C57BL/6J male mice (4 weeks old, n = 6-11) and adult mice (10 weeks old, n = 6-10) were surgically implanted with indwelling jugular catheters. Mice then acquired oxycodone self-administration (14 consecutive 2-hr daily sessions; 0.25 mg/kg/infusion) followed by a 14-day drug-free (withdrawal) period in home cage. After the 14-day drug-free period, mice underwent a 10-day oxycodone CPP procedure (0, 1, 3, 10 mg/kg i.p.) or were tested for acute oxycodone-induced antinociception in the hot plate assay (3.35, 5, 7.5 mg/kg i.p.). RESULTS Mice that self-administered oxycodone during adolescence exhibited greater oxycodone-induced CPP (at the 3 mg/kg dose) than their yoked saline controls and mice that self-administered oxycodone during adulthood. Oxycodone dose-dependently increased locomotor activity, but sensitization developed only to the 3 mg/kg in the mice that underwent oxycodone self-administration as adolescents. Mice that self-administered oxycodone as adolescents decreased in the anti-nociceptive effects of oxycodone in one dose (5 mg/kg), whereas animals that self-administered oxycodone as adults did not show this effect. CONCLUSION Chronic adolescent oxycodone self-administration led to increased oxycodone-induced CPP (primarily 1 and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) and reduced antinociceptive effect of oxycodone (5 mg/kg, i.p.) in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Kyle Windisch
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joshua Altschuler
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sage Rahm
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eduardo R Butelman
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Kumar V, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Keck TM, Pommier E, Rais R, Slusher BS, Gardner E, You ZB, Xi ZX, Newman AH. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (D3R) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7634-50. [PMID: 27508895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The recent and precipitous increase in opioid analgesic abuse and overdose has inspired investigation of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) as a target for therapeutic intervention. Metabolic instability or predicted toxicity has precluded successful translation of previously reported D3R-selective antagonists to clinical use for cocaine abuse. Herein, we report a series of novel and D3R crystal structure-guided 4-phenylpiperazines with exceptionally high D3R affinities and/or selectivities with varying efficacies. Lead compound 19 was selected based on its in vitro profile: D3R Ki = 6.84 nM, 1700-fold D3R versus D2R binding selectivity, and its metabolic stability in mouse microsomes. Compound 19 inhibited oxycodone-induced hyperlocomotion in mice and reduced oxycodone-induced locomotor sensitization. In addition, pretreatment with 19 also dose-dependently inhibited the acquisition of oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. These findings support the D3R as a target for opioid dependence treatment and compound 19 as a new lead molecule for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical & Translational Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Elie Pommier
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Eliot Gardner
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zhi-Bing You
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Collins D, Reed B, Zhang Y, Kreek MJ. Sex differences in responsiveness to the prescription opioid oxycodone in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 148:99-105. [PMID: 27316549 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over-prescription and increased nonmedical use of oxycodone has become a major concern. Despite its increased use, preclinical data concerning oxycodone's effects are still limited, especially in rodent models. To address this, we examined oxycodone's effects on place preference, locomotor activation, corticosterone levels, and thermal analgesia across a range of doses (between 0.3 and 10mg/kg) in gonadally intact, adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. Males and females showed oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference and did not show significant between-sex differences in their place preference behavior. During both CPP conditioning sessions and open field assay, locomotor activity was increased by 1, 3, and 10mg/kg oxycodone in females and by 3 and 10mg/kg oxycodone in males. Plasma corticosterone levels were higher in females (compared to males) at baseline as well as following acute oxycodone injection and open field testing. The time course of oxycodone-induced analgesia was similar in males and females, however the total antinociceptive effect (AUC0-120min) was larger in males compared to females at the highest dose tested (10mg/kg). Taken together, these data suggest that male and female mice are modestly different in their responses to oxycodone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Collins
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Brian Reed
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
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39
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Morphine-induced conditioned place preference and effects of morphine pre-exposure in adolescent and adult male C57BL/6J mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2015-2024. [PMID: 25066361 PMCID: PMC4310826 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Given the increasing abuse of prescription opioids, particularly in adolescents, surprisingly few preclinical studies have explored effects of opioids in adolescents (versus adults). OBJECTIVES This study compared the conditioned rewarding effects of morphine, without (experiment 1) and with morphine pre-exposure (experiment 2), in adolescent and adult male mice. METHODS Experiment 1: On each of three consecutive days, one of the two conditioning sessions was preceded by an injection of a particular dose of morphine (0.1, 0.32, 1, 3.2, 10, 32, or 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) and the other by saline; place preference was tested on day 4. Experiment 2: Mice received once daily injections of saline or a particular dose of morphine (17.8 or 56 mg/kg) for 4 days, and 3 days later, place conditioning with morphine (0.32, 1, 3.2, or 10 mg/kg) began. RESULTS In both experiments, morphine induced conditioned place preference along similar inverted U-shaped dose-response curves in adolescent and adult mice, with maximal effects between 0.32 and 10 mg/kg. Morphine pre-exposure did not sensitize morphine-induced conditioned place preference; instead, tolerance occurred, but only in adults. Adolescents were more sensitive than adults to morphine-induced locomotor stimulation. Response to novelty predicted the locomotor stimulating effects of morphine in adolescents, but not its rewarding effects. CONCLUSIONS The rewarding effects of morphine were similar in adolescent and adult mice but showed differential tolerance after morphine pre-exposure. Adolescents were more sensitive than adults to the acute locomotor stimulating effects of morphine, consistent with dopamine systems involved in locomotor activity being overactive during adolescence.
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40
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Wiebelhaus JM, Walentiny DM, Beardsley PM. Effects of Acute and Repeated Administration of Oxycodone and Naloxone-Precipitated Withdrawal on Intracranial Self-Stimulation in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:43-52. [PMID: 26491062 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.228940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence of prescription opioid abuse and overdose, often led by oxycodone, continues to increase, producing twice as many overdose deaths as heroin. Surprisingly, preclinical reports relevant to oxycodone's abuse-related effects are relatively sparse considering its history and patient usage. The goal of this study was to characterize dose- and time-dependent effects of acute and repeated oxycodone administration in a frequency-rate intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure, an assay often predictive of drug-related reinforcing effects, in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We hypothesized that oxycodone would produce a biphasic profile of rate-increasing and rate-decreasing effects maintained by ICSS similar to μ-opioid receptor agonists. Oxycodone (0.03, 0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg, s.c.) produced dose- and time-dependent alterations on ICSS, with the predicted biphasic profile of rate-increasing effects at lower stimulation frequencies followed by rate-decreasing effects at higher frequencies. Peak effects were observed between 30 and 60 minutes, which were reversed by naloxone pretreatment (30 minutes). Tolerance to rate-decreasing effects was observed over a 5-day period when rats were treated with 1 mg/kg oxycodone twice a day. Subsequently, the dosing regimen was increased to 3 mg/kg twice a day over 10 days, although further marked tolerance did not develop. When then challenged with 10 mg/kg naloxone, a significant suppression below baseline levels of ICSS-maintained responding occurred indicative of dependence that recovered to baseline within 5 hours. The results of this study provide the first report of acute and chronic effects of oxycodone on responding maintained by ICSS presentation and the use of ICSS-maintained responding to characterize its tolerance and dependence effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Wiebelhaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - D Matthew Walentiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Patrick M Beardsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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41
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Kuhn C. Emergence of sex differences in the development of substance use and abuse during adolescence. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 153:55-78. [PMID: 26049025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Substance use and abuse begin during adolescence. Male and female adolescent humans initiate use at comparable rates, but males increase use faster. In adulthood, more men than women use and abuse addictive drugs. However, some women progress more rapidly from initiation of use to entry into treatment. In animal models, adolescent males and females consume addictive drugs similarly. However, reproductively mature females acquire self-administration faster, and in some models, escalate use more. Sex/gender differences exist in neurobiologic factors mediating both reinforcement (dopamine, opioids) and aversiveness (CRF, dynorphin), as well as intrinsic factors (personality, psychiatric co-morbidities) and extrinsic factors (history of abuse, environment especially peers and family) which influence the progression from initial use to abuse. Many of these important differences emerge during adolescence, and are moderated by sexual differentiation of the brain. Estradiol effects which enhance both dopaminergic and CRF-mediated processes contribute to the female vulnerability to substance use and abuse. Testosterone enhances impulsivity and sensation seeking in both males and females. Several protective factors in females also influence initiation and progression of substance use including hormonal changes of pregnancy as well as greater capacity for self-regulation and lower peak levels of impulsivity/sensation seeking. Same sex peers represent a risk factor more for males than females during adolescence, while romantic partners increase risk for women during this developmental epoch. In summary, biologic factors, psychiatric co-morbidities as well as personality and environment present sex/gender-specific risks as adolescents begin to initiate substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kuhn
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Box 3813, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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42
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Kirkpatrick SL, Bryant CD. Behavioral architecture of opioid reward and aversion in C57BL/6 substrains. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 8:450. [PMID: 25628547 PMCID: PMC4290583 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug liking vs. drug disliking is a subjective motivational measure in humans that assesses the addiction liability of drugs. Variation in this trait is hypothesized to influence vulnerability vs. resilience toward substance abuse disorders and likely contains a genetic component. In rodents and humans, conditioned place preference (CPP)/aversion (CPA) is a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm whereby a learned preference for the drug-paired environment is used to infer drug liking whereas a learned avoidance or aversion is used to infer drug disliking. C57BL/6 inbred mouse substrains are nearly genetically identical, yet demonstrate robust differences in addiction-relevant behaviors, including locomotor sensitization to cocaine and consumption of ethanol. Here, we tested the hypothesis that B6 substrains would demonstrate differences in the rewarding properties of the mu opioid receptor agonist oxycodone (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and the aversive properties of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (4 mg/kg, i.p.). Both substrains showed similar degrees of oxycodone-induced CPP; however, there was a three-fold enhancement of naloxone-induced CPA in agonist-naïve C57BL/6J relative to C57Bl/6NJ mice. Exploratory factor analysis of CPP and CPA identified unique factors that explain variance in behavioral expression of reward vs. aversion. “Conditioned Opioid-Like Behavior” was a reward-based factor whereby drug-free locomotor variables resembling opioid treatment co-varied with the degree of CPP. “Avoidance and Freezing” was an aversion-based factor, whereby the increase in the number of freezing bouts co-varied with the degree of aversion. These results provide new insight into the behavioral architecture of the motivational properties of opioids. Future studies will use quantitative trait locus mapping in B6 substrains to identify novel genetic factors that contribute to the marked strain difference in NAL-CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Kirkpatrick
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA
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Vander Weele CM, Porter-Stransky KA, Mabrouk OS, Lovic V, Singer BF, Kennedy RT, Aragona BJ. Rapid dopamine transmission within the nucleus accumbens: dramatic difference between morphine and oxycodone delivery. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3041-3054. [PMID: 25208732 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While most drugs of abuse increase dopamine neurotransmission, rapid neurochemical measurements show that different drugs evoke distinct dopamine release patterns within the nucleus accumbens. Rapid changes in dopamine concentration following psychostimulant administration have been well studied; however, such changes have never been examined following opioid delivery. Here, we provide novel measures of rapid dopamine release following intravenous infusion of two opioids, morphine and oxycodone, in drug-naïve rats using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and rapid (1 min) microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). In addition to measuring rapid dopamine transmission, microdialysis HPLC-MS measures changes in GABA, glutamate, monoamines, monoamine metabolites and several other neurotransmitters. Although both opioids increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, their patterns of drug-evoked dopamine transmission differed dramatically. Oxycodone evoked a robust and stable increase in dopamine concentration and a robust increase in the frequency and amplitude of phasic dopamine release events. Conversely, morphine evoked a brief (~ 1 min) increase in dopamine that was coincident with a surge in GABA concentration and then both transmitters returned to baseline levels. Thus, by providing rapid measures of neurotransmission, this study reveals previously unknown differences in opioid-induced neurotransmitter signaling. Investigating these differences may be essential for understanding how these two drugs of abuse could differentially usurp motivational circuitry and powerfully influence behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Omar S Mabrouk
- Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Vedran Lovic
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bryan F Singer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Brandon J Aragona
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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