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Haider S, Farrona S. Decoding histone 3 lysine methylation: Insights into seed germination and flowering. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102598. [PMID: 38986392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Histone lysine methylation is a highly conserved epigenetic modification across eukaryotes that contributes to creating different dynamic chromatin states, which may result in transcriptional changes. Over the years, an accumulated set of evidence has shown that histone methylation allows plants to align their development with their surroundings, enabling them to respond and memorize past events due to changes in the environment. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of histone methylation in plants. Writers, readers, and erasers of Arabidopsis histone methylation marks are described with an emphasis on their role in two of the most important developmental transition phases in plants, seed germination and flowering. Further, the crosstalk between different methylation marks is also discussed. An overview of the mechanisms of histone methylation modifications and their biological outcomes will shed light on existing research gaps and may provide novel perspectives to increase crop yield and resistance in the era of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqlain Haider
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Sara Farrona
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
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2
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Kobayashi M, Yamaguchi S, Kusano S, Kumagai S, Ito T. Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma exposure as a practical method for improvement of Brassica juncea seed germination. J Biotechnol 2024; 392:103-108. [PMID: 38944385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Here we report that non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma exposure can improve Brassica juncea (leaf mustard) seed germination rate from 50 % to 98 %. The commercially relevant germination rate was achieved by plasma exposure for only 10 minutes and the effect sustains at least for one month under an appropriate storage condition. Improved germination by plasma exposure was also observed for Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) seeds. The plasma device used is simple. No pure gas flow system is necessary and it is easy to handle. A large number of seeds can be treated by simply scaling up the device. Plasma exposure can be a practical method for improving seed germination of crop plants important for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mime Kobayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Sho Yamaguchi
- Takii & Company, Limited, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8243, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kusano
- Takii & Company, Limited, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8243, Japan
| | - Shinya Kumagai
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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3
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Wang H, Xu T, Li Y, Gao R, Tao X, Song J, Li C, Li Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of GA 3-induced dormancy release in Suaeda glauca black seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354141. [PMID: 38919815 PMCID: PMC11197467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Suaeda glauca Bunge produces dimorphic seeds on the same plant, with brown seeds displaying non-dormant characteristics and black seeds exhibiting intermediate physiological dormancy traits. Previous studies have shown that black seeds have a very low germination rate under natural conditions, but exogenous GA3 effectively enhanced the germination rate of black seeds. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of GA3 on S. glauca black seeds are still unclear. In this study, transcriptomic profiles of seeds at different germination stages with and without GA3 treatment were analyzed and compared, and the TTF, H2O2, O2 -, starch, and soluble sugar contents of the corresponding seed samples were determined. The results indicated that exogenous GA3 treatment significantly increased seed vigor, H2O2, and O2 - contents but decreased starch and soluble sugar contents of S. glauca black seeds during seed dormancy release. RNA-seq results showed that a total of 1136 DEGs were identified in three comparison groups and were involved mainly in plant hormone signal transduction, diterpenoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism pathway. Among them, the DEGs related to diterpenoid biosynthesis (SgGA3ox1, SgKAO and SgGA2ox8) and ABA signal transduction (SgPP2Cs) could play important roles during seed dormancy release. Most genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were activated under GA3 treatment conditions, especially many SgPER genes encoding peroxidase. In addition, exogenous GA3 treatment also significantly enhanced the expression of genes involved in flavonoid synthesis, which might be beneficial to seed dormancy release. In accordance with the decline in starch and soluble sugar contents, 15 genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were significantly up-regulated during GA3-induced dormancy release, such as SgBAM, SgHXK2, and SgAGLU, etc. In a word, exogenous GA3 effectively increased the germination rate and seed vigor of S. glauca black seeds by mediating the metabolic process or signal transduction of plant hormones, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism processes. Our results provide novel insights into the transcriptional regulation mechanism of exogenous GA3 on the dormancy release of S. glauca black seeds. The candidate genes identified in this study may be further studied and used to enrich our knowledge of seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongjia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Dandong Forestry and Grassland Development Service Center, Dandong, China
| | - Xuelin Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Jieqiong Song
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Changping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiuli Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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4
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Sajeev N, Koornneef M, Bentsink L. A commitment for life: Decades of unraveling the molecular mechanisms behind seed dormancy and germination. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1358-1376. [PMID: 38215009 PMCID: PMC11062444 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Seeds are unique time capsules that can switch between 2 complex and highly interlinked stages: seed dormancy and germination. Dormancy contributes to the survival of plants because it allows to delay germination to optimal conditions. The switch between dormancy and germination occurs in response to developmental and environmental cues. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of studies that have helped to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying dormancy and germination over the last decades. Genetic and physiological studies provided a strong foundation for this field of research and revealed the critical role of the plant hormones abscisic acid and gibberellins in the regulation of dormancy and germination, and later natural variation studies together with quantitative genetics identified previously unknown genetic components that control these processes. Omics technologies like transcriptome, proteome, and translatomics analysis allowed us to mechanistically dissect these processes and identify new components in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sajeev
- Wageningen Seed Science Centre, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Koornneef
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Former Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Koeln 50829, Germany
| | - Leónie Bentsink
- Wageningen Seed Science Centre, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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5
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Kim HM, Kim JH, Lee MH, Kim GM, Park CY, Lee DH, Na CS. Methods for Improving the Germination of Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino Seeds through Endocarp Removal. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:648. [PMID: 38475494 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino is known to have a seed dispersal that is thick and stony (endocarp + seeds) and has potential as a landscaping tree seed. In several Rosaceae species, seeds are covered with a hard endocarp, making the internal seeds water-impermeable and germination difficult. Here, we analyzed the morphoanatomical traits and germination properties of R. scandens seeds. To identify ideal seed propagation conditions, we immersed R. scandens seeds in sulfuric acid for varying durations and subjected them to phytohormone (gibberellic acid A3 and fluridone) and a cold stratification (CS) (5 °C) treatment after endocarp removal (ER). The R. scandens stony seeds did not increase in mass by ≥25.0%. Following ER, the seed mass increased by ≥50.0% with water absorption when compared to the initial dry mass. Seed surfaces showed damage and cracks through scarification after 1 h of immersion in sulfuric acid, failing to germinate. A combination of ER, phytohormone treatment, and CS improved seed germination compared to ER alone (26.0 ± 5.3%). Overall, R. scandens seeds showed a dispersal with a hard endocarp from the parent plant, and a pre-treatment with ER, phytohormones, and CS was required for effective seed propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Min Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lee
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Mo Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Youl Park
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
- Experiment & Analysis Division, Incheon International Airport Regional Office, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Incheon 22382, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Lee
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Sun Na
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
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6
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Jhanji S, Goyal E, Chumber M, Kaur G. Exploring fine tuning between phytohormones and ROS signaling cascade in regulation of seed dormancy, germination and seedling development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108352. [PMID: 38266558 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In higher plants, seed is a propagule which ensures dissemination and survival of species. Developmental phases of a seed comprise embryogenesis, maturation and germination paving a way to its final fate i.e. seedling establishment. The final stage of seed maturation is marked by dehydration, acquisition of dessication tolerance and induction of dormancy. A precise Abscisic acid (ABA) to Gibberellins (GA) ratio, accumulation of miRNA 156, low level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enzyme inactivity govern seed dormancy. This also prevent pre harvest sprouting of the seeds. Overtime, stored seed mRNAs and proteins are degraded through oxidation of specific nucleotides in response to ROS accumulation. This degradation alleviates seed dormancy and transforms a dormant seed into a germinating seed. At this stage, ABA catabolism and degradation accompanied by GA synthesis contribute to low ABA to GA ratio. GA as well as ROS acts downstream, to mobilize reserve food materials, rupture testa, enhance imbibition and protrude radicle. All these events mark seed germination. Further, seedling is established under the governance of auxin and light. ABA and GA are master regulators while auxin, cytokinins, ethylene, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids act through interdependent pathways to tightly regulate seed dormancy, germination and seedling establishment. In this review, the role of phytohormones and ROS in accordance with environmental factors in governing seed dormancy, promoting seed germination and thus, establishing a seedling is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Jhanji
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Eena Goyal
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Manisha Chumber
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Gao J, Liu Y, Zhao D, Ding Y, Gao L, Su X, Song K, He X. CeO 2NP priming enhances the seed vigor of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1264698. [PMID: 38264026 PMCID: PMC10803516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1264698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a common environmental problem that seriously threatens crop yield and food security, especially through its impact on seed germination. Nanoparticle priming, an emerging seed treatment method, is receiving increasing attention in improving crop yield and stress resistance. This study used alfalfa seeds as materials to explore the potential benefits of cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeO2NP) priming to promote seed germination and improve salt tolerance. CeO2NPs at concentrations up to 500 mg/L were able to significantly alleviate salt stress in alfalfa seeds (200 mM), with 50 mg/L of CeO2NP having the best effect, significantly (P< 0.05) increasing germination potential (from 4.0% to 51.3%), germination rate (from 10.0% to 62.7%), root length (from 8.3 cm to 23.1 cm), and seedling length (from 9.8 cm to 13.7 cm). Priming treatment significantly (P< 0.05) increased seed water absorption by removing seed hardness and also reducing abscisic acid and jasmonic acid contents to relieve seed dormancy. CeO2NP priming increased α-amylase activity and osmoregulatory substance level, decreased reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde contents and relative conductivity, and increased catalase enzyme activity. Seed priming regulated carotenoid, zeatin, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, among other metabolic pathways, while CeO2NP priming additionally promoted the enrichment of α-linolenic acid and diterpenoid hormone metabolic pathways under salt stress. In addition, CeO2NPs enhanced α-amylase activity (by 6.55%) in vitro. The optimal tested concentration (50 mg/L) of CeO2NPs was able to improve the seed vigor, enhance the activity of α-amylase, regulate the osmotic level and endogenous hormone levels, and improve the salt tolerance of alfalfa seeds. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a simple seed treatment strategy that can improve crop stress resistance, which is of great importance for reducing agricultural costs and promoting sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xueqing He
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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8
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Sabir IA, Manzoor MA, Shah IH, Ahmad Z, Liu X, Alam P, Wang Y, Sun W, Wang J, Liu R, Jiu S, Zhang C. Unveiling the effect of gibberellin-induced iron oxide nanoparticles on bud dormancy release in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108222. [PMID: 38016371 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen cyanide has been extensively used worldwide for bud dormancy break in fruit trees, consequently enhancing fruit production via expedited cultivation, especially in areas with controlled environments or warmer regions. A novel and safety nanotechnology was developed since the hazard of hydrogen cyanide for the operators and environments, there is an urgent need for the development of novel and safety approaches to replace it to break bud dormancy for fruit trees. In current study, we have systematically explored the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles, specifically α-Fe2O3, to modulate bud dormancy in sweet cherry (Prunus avium). The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles underwent meticulous characterization and assessment using various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible infrared (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Remarkably, when applied at a concentration of 10 mg L-1 alongside gibberellin (GA4+7), these iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited a substantial 57% enhancement in bud dormancy release compared to control groups, all achieved within a remarkably short time span of 4 days. Our RNA-seq analyses further unveiled that 2757 genes within the sweet cherry buds were significantly up-regulated when treated with 10 mg L-1 α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in combination with GA, while 4748 genes related to dormancy regulation were downregulated in comparison to the control. Moreover, we discovered an array of 58 transcription factor families among the crucial differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Through hormonal quantification, we established that the increased bud burst was accompanied by a reduced concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) at 761.3 ng/g fresh weight in the iron oxide treatment group, coupled with higher levels of gibberellins (GAs) in comparison to the control. Comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses unveiled significant alterations in hormone contents and gene expression during the bud dormancy-breaking process when α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were combined with GA. In conclusion, our findings provide valuable insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of iron oxide nanoparticles on achieving uniform bud dormancy break in sweet cherry trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ali Sabir
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Iftikhar Hussain Shah
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zishan Ahmad
- Bambo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xunju Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanxia Sun
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyuan Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruie Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Qu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Fan S, Qi Y, Wang F, Wang M, Feng M, Liu X, Ren H. Advance Research on the Pre-Harvest Sprouting Trait in Vegetable Crop Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17171. [PMID: 38138999 PMCID: PMC10742742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), the germination of seeds on the plant prior to harvest, poses significant challenges to agriculture. It not only reduces seed and grain yield, but also impairs the commodity quality of the fruit, ultimately affecting the success of the subsequent crop cycle. A deeper understanding of PHS is essential for guiding future breeding strategies, mitigating its impact on seed production rates and the commercial quality of fruits. PHS is a complex phenomenon influenced by genetic, physiological, and environmental factors. Many of these factors exert their influence on PHS through the intricate regulation of plant hormones responsible for seed germination. While numerous genes related to PHS have been identified in food crops, the study of PHS in vegetable crops is still in its early stages. This review delves into the regulatory elements, functional genes, and recent research developments related to PHS in vegetable crops. Meanwhile, this paper presents a novel understanding of PHS, aiming to serve as a reference for the study of this trait in vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Qu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongren Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingqi Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572019, China
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10
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Qin W, Guo Y, Sun L, Shi J, Bao B. Spontaneous Imbibition in Nanomatrix-Fracture of Low Permeability Using Multiscale Nanofluidic Chips. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 38037241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous imbibition has garnered increasing attention as an attractive mechanism for developing tight reservoirs. Despite valuable insights from previous experiments, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the imbibition process within multiscale nanopore-fracture networks. In this work, we devised an innovative multiscale model incorporating over 105 nanochannels and integrating a microfracture network to explore the complex imbibition behavior in tight formations. Additionally, fracture-free nanomatrix models with low permeability were developed for comparative discussions. The results show that the Lucas-Washburn equation remains valid at the tremendous fracture-free nanopore networks under the confinement of 500 nm, with a relative deviation of ±6%. The nanomatrix's heterogeneity hinders the imbibition rate, resulting in a reduction of 4.6 to 10.8% in the imbibition slope. The viscosity plays a dominant role in the change of imbibition slope as temperature varies. Our experiments also found that the interactions between the nanomatrix and bulk fracture complicate the imbibition process. A single wetting front no longer applies in the nanomatrix-fracture networks. Differing fracture/microchannel connectivity leads to disparities in macroscopic patterns, saturation rates, and flow directions. The spatial arrangement of fractures significantly impacts the imbibition time. Overall, this work based on nanofluidic techniques systematically explores the effects of matrix heterogeneity, temperature, and fractures on the imbibition process. The real-time in situ visualization of fluid distribution in multiscale matrix-fracture systems has been achieved, which offers theoretical guidance for practical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yaohao Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Linghui Sun
- Development Research Institute, Research Center for Enhanced Oil Recovery of China Petroleum Exploration, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bo Bao
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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11
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Ren Y, Shen F, Liu J, Liang W, Zhang C, Lian T, Jiang L. Application of Methionine Increases the Germination Rate of Maize Seeds by Triggering Multiple Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Genes at Transcript Levels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3802. [PMID: 38005700 PMCID: PMC10675280 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid that initiates protein synthesis and serves as a substrate for various chemical reactions. Methionine metabolism plays an important role in Arabidopsis seed germination, but how methionine works in seed germination of maize has not been elucidated. We compared the changes in germination rate, the contents of methionine and folates, and transcriptional levels using transcriptome analysis under water or exogenous methionine treatment. The results indicate that the application of methionine increases seed germination rate (95% versus 70%), leading to significant differences in the content of methionine at 36 h, which brought the rapid increase forward by 12 h in the embryo and endosperm. Transcriptome analysis shows that methionine mainly affects the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the embryo, and the degradation of storage substances and signal transduction in the endosperm. In particular, multiple phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes were triggered upon methionine treatment during germination. These results provide a theoretical foundation for promoting maize seed germination and serve as a valuable theoretical resource for seed priming strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.R.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Fengyuan Shen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.R.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Ji’an Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.R.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Wenguang Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.R.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.R.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (C.Z.)
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Tong Lian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.R.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (C.Z.)
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.R.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (C.Z.)
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12
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Varshney V, Majee M. Seed's awakening: Unveiling the MKK3-MPK7-ERF4 module in dormancy-to-germination transition. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1730-1732. [PMID: 37876161 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Varshney
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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13
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Chen X, Li Q, Ding L, Zhang S, Shan S, Xiong X, Jiang W, Zhao B, Zhang L, Luo Y, Lian Y, Kong X, Ding X, Zhang J, Li C, Soppe WJJ, Xiang Y. The MKK3-MPK7 cascade phosphorylates ERF4 and promotes its rapid degradation to release seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1743-1758. [PMID: 37710960 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Seeds establish dormancy to delay germination until the arrival of a favorable growing season. In this study, we identify a fate switch comprised of the MKK3-MPK7 kinase cascade and the ethylene response factor ERF4 that is responsible for the seed state transition from dormancy to germination. We show that dormancy-breaking factors activate the MKK3-MPK7 module, which affects the expression of some α-EXPANSIN (EXPA) genes to control seed dormancy. Furthermore, we identify a direct downstream substrate of this module, ERF4, which suppresses the expression of these EXPAs by directly binding to the GCC boxes in their exon regions. The activated MKK3-MPK7 module phosphorylates ERF4, leading to its rapid degradation and thereby releasing its inhibitory effect on the expression of these EXPAs. Collectively, our work identifies a signaling chain consisting of protein phosphorylation, degradation, and gene transcription , by which the germination promoters within the embryo sense and are activated by germination signals from ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qiujia Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Center for Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Siyao Shan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xiong Xiong
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Academy of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yiming Lian
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiuqin Kong
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiali Ding
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | | | - Yong Xiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
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14
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Kim HM, Kim JH, Lee JH, Kim GM, Lee MH, Park CY, Kim DH, Lee DH, Kim KM, Na CS. Dormancy-release and germination improvement of Korean bellflower (Campanula takesimana Nakai), a rare and endemic plant native to the Korean peninsula. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292280. [PMID: 37847696 PMCID: PMC10581479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Korean bellflower (Campanula takesimana Nakai) is a rare and perennial herb with medicinal and ornamental values, is endemic to the Ulleung Island of Korea. In this study, we investigated the dormancy-release and germination characteristics of C. takesimana (Campanulaceae) seeds by subjecting them to varying temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C and diurnal/nocturnal temperatures of 15/6, 20/10, and 25/15°C), cold stratification periods (0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks at 5°C), and gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations (0, 10, 100, or 1,000 mg·L-1 at 15/6°C and 25/15°C) to identify the ideal seed propagation conditions. The seeds were stimulated to germinate (at 25°C, 12-h photoperiod with fluorescent lamps at 40 ± 10 μmol∙m-2∙s-1) after cold stratification. To examine the germination characteristics, the seeds were tested for water imbibition and found to readily absorb water. The seeds exhibited underdeveloped embryos during dispersal, showed final germination of 37.00% ± 4.43 at 25°C and were not influenced by temperature. The seeds subjected to 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks of cold stratification germinated at a success rate of 22.00% ± 4.76, 87.00% ± 6.80, 79.00% ± 2.52, and 77.00% ± 1.91, respectively. Additionally, the germination characteristics, which were based on final germination, mean germination time, and germination velocity (Timson index), were significantly greater in the seeds pretreated with 1,000 mg·L-1 GA3 at 25/15°C than in seeds pretreated with 0 mg·L-1 GA3. Overall, the seeds broke dormancy with GA3 and short-term cold stratification. Therefore, we concluded that C. takesimana seeds have non-deep, simple, morphophysiological dormancy, and pretreatment with cold stratification and GA3 is required for effective seed propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Min Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Lee
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Mo Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lee
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Youl Park
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Lee
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Sun Na
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
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15
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Niu M, Chen X, Zhou W, Guo Y, Yuan X, Cui J, Shen Z, Su N. Multi-omics analysis provides insights intro lysine accumulation in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) sprouts. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113026. [PMID: 37330848 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lysine, the first limiting essential amino acid, the deficiency of which seriously affects the health of human and animals. In this study, quinoa germination significantly increased the nutrients, especially lysine content. To better understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of lysine biosynthesis, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) platform-based phytohormones analyses were conducted. Through proteome analyses, a total of 11,406 differentially expressed proteins were identified, which were mainly related to secondary metabolites. The lysine-rich storage globulins and endogenous phytohormones probably contributed the increased lysine content in quinoa during germination. Furthermore, aspartic acid semialdehyde dehydrogenase is essential for lysine synthesis in addition to aspartate kinase and dihydropyridine dicarboxylic acid synthase. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicated lysine biosynthesis is associated with "amino metabolism" and "starch and sucrose metabolism". Above all, our study screens the candidate genes participated in lysine accumulation and explores the factors affected lysine biosynthesis by multi-omics analysis. These information not only paves a foundation for breeding lysine-rich quinoa sprouts but also provides valuable multi-omics resource to explore the characteristic of nutrients during quinoa germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youyou Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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16
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Huang Y, Song J, Hao Q, Mou C, Wu H, Zhang F, Zhu Z, Wang P, Ma T, Fu K, Chen Y, Nguyen T, Liu S, Jiang L, Wan J. WEAK SEED DORMANCY 1, an aminotransferase protein, regulates seed dormancy in rice through the GA and ABA pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107923. [PMID: 37549571 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is a critical trait that enhances plant survival by preventing seed germination at the wrong time or under unsuitable conditions. Lack of seed dormancy in rice can lead to pre-harvest sprouting on mother plants leading to reduced yield and seed quality. Although some genes have been identified, knowledge of regulation of seed dormancy is limited. Here, we characterized a weak seed dormancy mutant named weak seed dormancy 1 (wsd1) that showed a higher seed germination percentage than the wild-type following the harvest ripeness. We cloned the WSD1 encoding an aminotransferase protein using a MutMap approach. WSD1 was stably expressed after imbibition and its protein was localized in the endoplasm reticulum. A widely targeted metabolomics assay and amino acid analysis showed that WSD1 had a role in regulating homeostasis of amino acids. PAC treatment and RNA-seq analysis showed that WSD1 regulates seed dormancy by involvement in the GA biosynthesis pathway. GA1 content and expression of GA biosynthesis-related genes were increased in the wsd1 mutant compared with the wild-type. The wsd1 mutant had reduced sensitivity to ABA. Our overall results indicated that WSD1 regulates seed dormancy by balancing the ABA and GA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshuai Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiawei Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qixian Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changling Mou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongming Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fulin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ziyan Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Thanhliem Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quynhon University, Quynhon, 590000, Binhdinh, Viet Nam
| | - Shijia Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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17
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Peng C, Wu Y, Cai H, Hu Y, Huang W, Shen Y, Yang H. Methodological and physiological study of seed dormancy release in Tilia henryana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 287:154046. [PMID: 37390779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Tilia henryana is a rare tree of the Tilia family, found exclusively in China. Its seeds have severe dormancy features that limit its normal conditions of reproduction and renewal. Its seeds have severe dormant characteristics that limit its normal conditions of reproduction and renewal. The Dormancy in T. henryana seeds is a comprehensive dormancy (PY + PD) caused by mechanical and permeability barriers of seed coat and the presence of germination inhibitor in endosperm. L9 (34) orthogonal test was used to determine the best procedure for releasing the dormancy of T. henryana seeds, that is, first treating the seeds with H2SO4 for 15 min, followed by the application of 1 g L-1 GA3, stratification at 5 °C for 45 days, and finally germination at 20 °C, which can achieve a 98% seed germination rate. Large amounts of fat are consumed throughout the dormancy release process. As quantities of protein and starch marginally increase, soluble sugars are continuously decreased. Acid phosphatase and amylase activities increased rapidly, and the combined enzyme activities of G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH related to the PPP were also significantly increased. The levels of GA and ZR continued to increase, while the levels of ABA and IAA gradually decreased, among which GA and ABA changed most rapidly. The total amino acids content continued to decrease. Asp, Cys, Leu, Phe, His, Lys and Arg decreased with dormancy release, while Ser, Glu, Ala, Ile, Pro and Gaba showed an upward trend. The physical dormancy of T. henryana seeds is broken with H2SO4 in order to make the seed coat more permeable, which is a prerequisite for germination. As a result, the seeds can absorb water and engage in physiological metabolic activities, particularly the hydrolysis and metabolism of fat, which supply a significant amount of energy for dormancy release. In addition, rapid variations in the levels of different endogenous hormones and free amino acids, induced by cold stratification and GA3 application, are another important factor promoting the quick physiological activation of seeds and breaking the endosperm barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChenYin Peng
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China; Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Southern Tree Inspection Center National Forestry Administration, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China; Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Southern Tree Inspection Center National Forestry Administration, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China
| | - Hao Cai
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China
| | - YaMei Hu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China
| | - WenHui Huang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China
| | - YongBao Shen
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China; Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Southern Tree Inspection Center National Forestry Administration, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Myddelton College, Denbigh, LL16 3EN, United Kingdom
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18
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Wei Y, Wang S, Yu D. The Role of Light Quality in Regulating Early Seedling Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2746. [PMID: 37514360 PMCID: PMC10383958 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that plants are sessile and photoautotrophic organisms that rely on light throughout their entire life cycle. Light quality (spectral composition) is especially important as it provides energy for photosynthesis and influences signaling pathways that regulate plant development in the complex process of photomorphogenesis. During previous years, significant progress has been made in light quality's physiological and biochemical effects on crops. However, understanding how light quality modulates plant growth and development remains a complex challenge. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of light quality in regulating the early development of plants, encompassing processes such as seed germination, seedling de-etiolation, and seedling establishment. These insights can be harnessed to improve production planning and crop quality by producing high-quality seedlings in plant factories and improving the theoretical framework for modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmin Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dashi Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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19
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Née G, Krüger T. Dry side of the core: a meta-analysis addressing the original nature of the ABA signalosome at the onset of seed imbibition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1192652. [PMID: 37476171 PMCID: PMC10354442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The timing of seedling emergence is a major agricultural and ecological fitness trait, and seed germination is controlled by a complex molecular network including phytohormone signalling. One such phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA), controls a large array of stress and developmental processes, and researchers have long known it plays a crucial role in repressing germination. Although the main molecular components of the ABA signalling pathway have now been identified, the molecular mechanisms through which ABA elicits specific responses in distinct organs is still enigmatic. To address the fundamental characteristics of ABA signalling during germination, we performed a meta-analysis focusing on the Arabidopsis dry seed proteome as a reflexion basis. We combined cutting-edge proteome studies, comparative functional analyses, and protein interaction information with genetic and physiological data to redefine the singular composition and operation of the ABA core signalosome from the onset of seed imbibition. In addition, we performed a literature survey to integrate peripheral regulators present in seeds that directly regulate core component function. Although this may only be the tip of the iceberg, this extended model of ABA signalling in seeds already depicts a highly flexible system able to integrate a multitude of information to fine-tune the progression of germination.
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20
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Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang X, Zhao C, Shen H, Yang L. Nitric Oxide Regulates Seed Germination by Integrating Multiple Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109052. [PMID: 37240398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed germination is of great significance for plant development and crop yield. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to not only serve as an important nitrogen source during seed development but also to participate in a variety of stress responses in plants to high salt, drought, and high temperature. In addition, NO can affect the process of seed germination by integrating multiple signaling pathways. However, due to the instability of NO gas activity, the network mechanism for its fine regulation of seed germination remains unclear. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the complex anabolic processes of NO in plants, to analyze the interaction mechanisms between NO-triggered signaling pathways and different plant hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA), ethylene (ET) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling molecules, and to discuss the physiological responses and molecular mechanisms of seeds during the involvement of NO in abiotic stress, so as to provide a reference for solving the problems of seed dormancy release and improving plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Caihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hailong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Research Center of Korean Pine Engineering and Technology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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21
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Feng YR, Li TT, Wang SJ, Lu YT, Yuan TT. Triphosphate Tunnel Metalloenzyme 2 Acts as a Downstream Factor of ABI4 in ABA-Mediated Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108994. [PMID: 37240339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed germination is a complex process that is regulated by various exogenous and endogenous factors, in which abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role. The triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme (TTM) superfamily exists in all living organisms, but research on its biological role is limited. Here, we reveal that TTM2 functions in ABA-mediated seed germination. Our study indicates that TTM2 expression is enhanced but repressed by ABA during seed germination. Promoted TTM2 expression in 35S::TTM2-FLAG rescues ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and early seedling development and ttm2 mutants exhibit lower seed germination rate and reduced cotyledon greening compared with the wild type, revealing that the repression of TTM2 expression is required for ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and early seedling development. Further, ABA inhibits TTM2 expression by ABA insensitive 4 (ABI4) binding of TTM2 promoter and the ABA-insensitive phenotype of abi4-1 with higher TTM2 expression can be rescued by mutation of TTM2 in abi4-1 ttm2-1 mutant, indicating that TTM2 acts downstream of ABI4. In addition, TTM1, a homolog of TTM2, is not involved in ABA-mediated regulation of seed germination. In summary, our findings reveal that TTM2 acts as a downstream factor of ABI4 in ABA-mediated seed germination and early seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shi-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Dong X, Zhang LP, Tang YH, Yu D, Cheng F, Dong YX, Jiang XD, Qian FM, Guo ZH, Hu JY. Arabidopsis AGAMOUS-LIKE16 and SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS1 regulate the genome-wide expression and flowering time. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:154-169. [PMID: 36721922 PMCID: PMC10152661 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flowering transition is tightly coordinated by complex gene regulatory networks, in which AGAMOUS-LIKE 16 (AGL16) plays important roles. Here, we identified the molecular function and binding properties of AGL16 and demonstrated its partial dependency on the SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) function in regulating flowering. AGL16 bound to promoters of more than 2,000 genes via CArG-box motifs with high similarity to that of SOC1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Approximately 70 flowering genes involved in multiple pathways were potential targets of AGL16. AGL16 formed a protein complex with SOC1 and shared a common set of targets. Intriguingly, only a limited number of genes were differentially expressed in the agl16-1 loss-of-function mutant. However, in the soc1-2 knockout background, AGL16 repressed and activated the expression of 375 and 182 genes, respectively, with more than a quarter bound by AGL16. Corroborating these findings, AGL16 repressed the flowering time more strongly in soc1-2 than in the Col-0 background. These data identify a partial inter-dependency between AGL16 and SOC1 in regulating genome-wide gene expression and flowering time, while AGL16 provides a feedback regulation on SOC1 expression. Our study sheds light on the complex background dependency of AGL16 in flowering regulation, thus providing additional insights into the molecular coordination of development and environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yin-Hua Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yin-Xin Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fu-Ming Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Guo
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Jin-Yong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China
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Li Y, Chen F, Yang Y, Han Y, Ren Z, Li X, Soppe WJJ, Cao H, Liu Y. The Arabidopsis pre-mRNA 3' end processing related protein FIP1 promotes seed dormancy via the DOG1 and ABA pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37035898 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an important adaptive trait to prevent germination occurring at an inappropriate time. The mechanisms governing seed dormancy and germination are complex. Here, we report that FACTOR INTERACTING WITH POLY(A) POLYMERASE 1 (FIP1), a component of the pre-mRNA 3' end processing machinery, is involved in seed dormancy and germination processes in Arabidopsis thaliana. FIP1 is mainly expressed in seeds and the knockout of FIP1 causes reduced seed dormancy, indicating that FIP1 positively influences seed dormancy. Meanwhile, fip1 mutants are insensitive to exogenous ABA during seed germination and early seedling establishment. The terms 'seed maturation' and 'response to ABA stimulus' are significantly enriched in a gene ontology analysis based on genes differentially expressed between fip1-1 and the wild type. Several of these genes, including ABI5, DOG1 and PYL12, show significantly decreased transcript levels in fip1. Genetic analysis showed that either cyp707a2 or dog1-5 partially, but in combination completely, represses the reduced seed dormancy of fip1, indicating that the double mutant cyp707a2 dog1-5 is epistatic to fip1. Moreover, FIP1 is required for CFIM59, another component of pre-mRNA 3' end processing machinery, to govern seed dormancy and germination. Overall, we identified FIP1 as a regulator of seed dormancy and germination that plays a crucial role in governing these processes through the DOG1 and ABA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Fengying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yi Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Ziyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wim J J Soppe
- Rijk Zwaan Breeding B.V., De Lier, 2678 ZG, the Netherlands
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
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Pan C, Yao L, Yu L, Qiao Z, Tang M, Wei F, Huang X, Zhou Y. Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal the potential mechanism of seed dormancy release in Amomum tsaoko during warm stratification. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:99. [PMID: 36864423 PMCID: PMC9983222 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Amomum tsaoko breeding, the low germination rate is the major limitation for their large-scale reproduction. We found that warm stratification was an effective treatment to break the seed dormancy of A. tsaoko prior to sowing and could be an important component of improving breeding programs. The mechanism of seed dormancy release during warm stratification remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the differences between transcripts and proteomes at 0, 30, 60, and 90 days of warm stratification, to identify some regulatory genes and functional proteins that may cause seed dormancy release in A. tsaoko and reveal their regulatory mechanism. RESULTS RNA-seq was performed for the seed dormancy release process, and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 3196 in three dormancy release periods. Using TMT-labelling quantitative proteome analysis, a total of 1414 proteins were defined as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Functional enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs and DEPs were mainly involved in signal transduction pathways (MAPK signaling, hormone) and metabolism processes (cell wall, storage and energy reserves), suggesting that these differentially expressed genes and proteins are somehow involved in response to seed dormancy release process, including MAPK, PYR/PYL, PP2C, GID1, GH3, ARF, AUX/IAA, TPS, SPS, and SS. In addition, transcription factors ARF, bHLH, bZIP, MYB, SBP, and WRKY showed differential expression during the warm stratification stage, which may relate to dormancy release. Noteworthy, XTH, EXP, HSP and ASPG proteins may be involved in a complex network to regulate cell division and differentiation, chilling response and the seed germination status in A. tsaoko seed during warm stratification. CONCLUSION Our transcriptomic and proteomic analysis highlighted specific genes and proteins that warrant further study in fully grasping the precise molecular mechanisms that control the seed dormancy and germination of A. tsaoko. A hypothetical model of the genetic regulatory network provides a theoretical basis for overcoming the physiological dormancy in A. tsaoko in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Pan
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Lixiang Yao
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Liying Yu
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Zhu Qiao
- Guangxi Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Meiqiong Tang
- Guangxi Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Guangxi Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Xueyan Huang
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China.
| | - Yunyi Zhou
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China.
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Liu M, Wang C, Xu Q, Pan Y, Jiang B, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Tian Z, Lu J, Ma C, Chang C, Zhang H. Genome-wide identification of the CPK gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and characterization of TaCPK40 associated with seed dormancy and germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:608-623. [PMID: 36780723 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs), important sensors of calcium signals, play an essential role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Although the CPK gene family has been characterized in many plants, the functions of the CPK gene family in wheat, including their relationship to seed dormancy and germination, remain unclear. In this study, we identified 84 TaCPK genes in wheat (TaCPK1-84). According to their phylogenetic relationship, they were divided into four groups (I-IV). TaCPK genes in the same group were found to have similar gene structures and motifs. Chromosomal localization indicated that TaCPK genes were unevenly distributed across 21 wheat chromosomes. TaCPK gene expansion occurred through segmental duplication events and underwent strong negative selection. A large number of cis-regulatory elements related to light response, phytohormone response, and abiotic stress response were identified in the upstream promoter sequences of TaCPK genes. TaCPK gene expression was found to be tissue- and growth-stage-diverse. Analysis of the expression patterns of several wheat varieties with contrasting seed dormancy and germination phenotypes resulted in the identification of 11 candidate genes (TaCPK38/-40/-43/-47/-50/-60/-67/-70/-75/-78/-80) which are likely associated with seed dormancy and germination. The ectopic expression of TaCPK40 in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination and reduced abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity during germination, indicating that TaCPK40 negatively regulates seed dormancy and positively regulates seed germination. These findings advance our understanding of the multifaceted functions of CPK genes in seed dormancy and germination, and provide potential candidate genes for controlling wheat seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yonghao Pan
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Bingli Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Litian Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Zhuangbo Tian
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Haiping Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
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Pan J, Zhang H, Zhan Z, Zhao T, Jiang D. A REF6-dependent H3K27me3-depleted state facilitates gene activation during germination in Arabidopsis. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:178-191. [PMID: 36113770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Seed germination is a critical developmental switch from a quiescent state to active growth, which involves extensive changes in metabolism, gene expression, and cellular identity. However, our understanding of epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming during this process is limited. The histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) plays a key role in regulating gene repression and cell fate specification. Here, we profile H3K27me3 dynamics and dissect the function of H3K27 demethylation during germination in Arabidopsis. Our temporal genome-wide profiling of H3K27me3 and transcription reveals delayed H3K27me3 reprogramming compared with transcriptomic changes during germination, with H3K27me3 changes mainly occurring when the embryo is entering into vegetative development. RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6 (REF6)-mediated H3K27 demethylation is necessary for robust germination but does not significantly contribute to H3K27me3 dynamics during germination, but rather stably establishes an H3K27me3-depleted state that facilitates the activation of hormone-related and expansin-coding genes important for germination. We also show that the REF6 chromatin occupancy is gradually established during germination to counteract increased Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Our study provides key insights into the H3K27me3 dynamics during germination and suggests the function of H3K27me3 in facilitating cell fate switch. Furthermore, we reveal the importance of H3K27 demethylation-established transcriptional competence in gene activation during germination and likely other developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huairen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenping Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Danhua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Ge N, Jia JS, Yang L, Huang RM, Wang QY, Chen C, Meng ZG, Li LG, Chen JW. Exogenous gibberellic acid shortening after-ripening process and promoting seed germination in a medicinal plant Panax notoginseng. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:67. [PMID: 36721119 PMCID: PMC9890714 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen is an essential plant in the family of Araliaceae. Its seeds are classified as a type of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), and are characterized by recalcitrance during the after-ripening process. However, it is not clear about the molecular mechanism on the after-ripening in recalcitrant seeds. RESULTS In this study, exogenous supply of gibberellic acid (GA3) with different concentrations shortened after-ripening process and promoted the germination of P. notoginseng seeds. Among the identified plant hormone metabolites, exogenous GA3 results in an increased level of endogenous hormone GA3 through permeation. A total of 2971 and 9827 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in response to 50 mg L-1 GA3 (LG) and 500 mg L-1 GA3 (HG) treatment, respectively, and the plant hormone signal and related metabolic pathways regulated by GA3 was significantly enriched. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that GA3 treatment enhances GA biosynthesis and accumulation, while inhibiting the gene expression related to ABA signal transduction. This effect was associated with higher expression of crucial seed embryo development and cell wall loosening genes, Leafy Contyledon1 (LEC1), Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA), expansins (EXP) and Pectinesterase (PME). CONCLUSIONS Exogenous GA3 application promotes germination and shorts the after-ripening process of P. notoginseng seeds by increasing GA3 contents through permeation. Furthermore, the altered ratio of GA and ABA contributes to the development of the embryo, breaks the mechanical constraints of the seed coat and promotes the protrusion of the radicle in recalcitrant P. notoginseng seeds. These findings improve our knowledge of the contribution of GA to regulating the dormancy of MPD seeds during the after-ripening process, and provide new theoretical guidance for the application of recalcitrant seeds in agricultural production and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ge
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Shan Jia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Rong-Mei Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Qing-Yan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Cui Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen-Gui Meng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Long-Geng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China.
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Liu Q, Li Z, Zhang M, Dong S, Yang P, Zhang J, Loades E. Systematic analysis of photo/sko-regulated germination and post-germination development of shallow photodormant seeds in Nicotiana tabacum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1042981. [PMID: 36714753 PMCID: PMC9875545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1042981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Light is a major environmental factor in regulating germination and post-germination development of shallow photo-dormant seeds in Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco). However, its molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we compared the phenotypes of the seeds germinated under light and dark, and systematically investigated their regulatory networks by integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data. Under light, the germination increased ~25%, the length of the hypocotyl shortened ~3 cm, and the apical hook disappeared. 9, 161, 342 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 128, 185, 81 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were regulated by light in the development stage of seed imbibition, radicle protrusion and cotyledon expansion respectively. 0, 19 and 1 co-up-regulated and 1, 30 and 64 co-down-regulated DEGs (DEP) were observed in the three stages, respectively. Of them, 2S albumin large chain, was down-regulated by light in imbibed seed. Oleosin 18.5 kDa (OLEO1) and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPA1), Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1-1 and anchloroplastic (PSBO1), hub genes (proteins) in protein-protein interaction network (PPI), were downregulated and up-regulated in germinated seeds by light, respectively. OLEO1, a hub gene (proteins), was down-regulated by light in post-germination seedling. CONCLUSION These results systematically revealed the molecular networks regulated by light during germination and post-germination development of shallow photo-dormant tobacco seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Liu
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Pingping Yang
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Eddison Loades
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Xu F, Tang J, Wang S, Cheng X, Wang H, Ou S, Gao S, Li B, Qian Y, Gao C, Chu C. Antagonistic control of seed dormancy in rice by two bHLH transcription factors. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1972-1982. [PMID: 36471073 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preharvest sprouting (PHS) due to lack of seed dormancy seriously threatens crop production worldwide. As a complex quantitative trait, breeding of crop cultivars with suitable seed dormancy is hindered by limited useful regulatory genes. Here by repeatable phenotypic characterization of fixed recombinant individuals, we report a quantitative genetic locus, Seed Dormancy 6 (SD6), from aus-type rice, encoding a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, which underlies the natural variation of seed dormancy. SD6 and another bHLH factor inducer of C-repeat binding factors expression 2 (ICE2) function antagonistically in controlling seed dormancy by directly regulating the ABA catabolism gene ABA8OX3, and indirectly regulating the ABA biosynthesis gene NCED2 via OsbHLH048, in a temperature-dependent manner. The weak-dormancy allele of SD6 is common in cultivated rice but undergoes negative selection in wild rice. Notably, by genome editing SD6 and its wheat homologs, we demonstrated that SD6 is a useful breeding target for alleviating PHS in cereals under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiuyou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongru Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shujun Ou
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shaopei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Shen ZJ, Xu SX, Huang QY, Li ZY, Xu YD, Lin CS, Huang YJ. TMT proteomics analysis of a pseudocereal crop, quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), during seed maturation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975073. [PMID: 36426144 PMCID: PMC9678934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), an Andean native crop, is increasingly popular around the world due to its high nutritional content and stress tolerance. The production and the popularity of this strategic global food are greatly restricted by many limiting factors, such as seed pre-harvest sprouting, bitter saponin, etc. To solve these problems, the underlying mechanism of seed maturation in quinoa needs to be investigated. In this study, based on the investigation of morphological characteristics, a quantitative analysis of its global proteome was conducted using the combinational proteomics of tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The proteome changes related to quinoa seed maturation conversion were monitored to aid its genetic improvement. Typical changes of morphological characteristics were discovered during seed maturation, including mean grain diameter, mean grain thickness, mean hundred-grain weight, palea, episperm color, etc. With TMT proteomics analysis, 581 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified. Functional classification analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that most DAPs involved in photosynthesis were downregulated, indicating low levels of photosynthesis. DAPs that participated in glycolysis, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and alcohol dehydrogenase, were upregulated to fulfill the increasing requirement of energy consumption during maturation conversion. The storage proteins, such as globulins, legumins, vicilins, and oleosin, were also increased significantly during maturation conversion. Protein-protein interaction analysis and function annotation revealed that the upregulation of oleosin, oil body-associated proteins, and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2 resulted in the accumulation of oil in quinoa seeds. The downregulation of β-amyrin 28-oxidase was observed, indicating the decreasing saponin content, during maturation, which makes the quinoa "sweet". By the PRM and qRT-PCR analysis, the expression patterns of most selected DAPs were consistent with the result of TMT proteomics. Our study enhanced the understanding of the maturation conversion in quinoa. This might be the first and most important step toward the genetic improvement of quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Shen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, China
| | - Su-Xia Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, China
| | - Qing-Yun Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, China
| | - Zi-Yang Li
- Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ding Xu
- Landscape Architecture and Landscape Research Branch, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Song Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi-Jin Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Milyaev A, Kofler J, Moya YAT, Lempe J, Stefanelli D, Hanke MV, Flachowsky H, von Wirén N, Wünsche JN. Profiling of phytohormones in apple fruit and buds regarding their role as potential regulators of flower bud formation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2319-2335. [PMID: 35867427 PMCID: PMC9912367 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) cropping behavior, if not regulated, is often manifested by high yields of small-sized fruit in so called ON-years, which are usually followed by strongly reduced crop loads in OFF-years. Such cropping pattern is defined as biennial bearing and causes significant losses in apple production. The growth of apple fruit overlaps with the formation of flower buds, which remain dormant until the following spring. Earlier works proposed that some fruit-derived mobile compounds, as e.g., phytohormones, could suppress flower bud formation that thereby leads to biennial bearing. We addressed this hypothesis by analyzing 39 phytohormones in apple seeds, fruit flesh and by measuring phytohormone export from the fruits of the biennial bearing cultivar 'Fuji' and of the regular bearing cultivar 'Gala'. Moreover, we analyzed the same compounds in bourse buds from fruiting (ON-trees) and non-fruiting (OFF-trees) spurs of both apple cultivars over the period of flower bud formation. Our results showed that apple fruit exported at least 14 phytohormones including indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellin A3; however, their influence on flower bud formation was inconclusive. A gibberellin-like compound, which was detected exclusively in bourse buds, was significantly more abundant in bourse buds from ON-trees compared with OFF-trees. Cultivar differences were marked by the accumulation of trans-zeatin-O-glucoside in bourse buds of 'Gala' ON-trees, whereas the levels of this compound in 'Gala' OFF were significantly lower and comparable to those in 'Fuji' ON- and OFF-trees. Particular phytohormones including five cytokinin forms as well as abscisic acid and its degradation products had higher levels in bourse buds from OFF-trees compared with ON-trees and were therefore proposed as potential promotors of flower bud initiation. The work discusses regulatory roles of phytohormones in flower bud formation in apple based on the novel and to date most comprehensive phytohormone profiles of apple fruit and buds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Kofler
- Institute of Crop Science, Section of Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops (340f), University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Street 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yudelsy Antonia Tandron Moya
- Department Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Janne Lempe
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dario Stefanelli
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Locked Bag 7, 6258 Manjimup, Australia
| | - Magda-Viola Hanke
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Henryk Flachowsky
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jens-Norbert Wünsche
- Institute of Crop Science, Section of Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops (340f), University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Street 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Sato H, Köhler C. Genomic imprinting regulates establishment and release of seed dormancy. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102264. [PMID: 35872392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy enables plant seeds to time germination until environmental conditions become favorable for seedling survival. This trait has high adaptive value and is of great agricultural relevance. The endosperm is a reproductive tissue formed after fertilization that in addition to support embryo growth has major roles in establishing seed dormancy. Many genes adopt parent-of-origin specific expression patterns in the endosperm, a phenomenon that has been termed genomic imprinting. Imprinted genes are targeted by epigenetic mechanisms acting before and after fertilization. Recent studies revealed that imprinted genes are involved in establishing seed dormancy, highlighting a new mechanism of parental control over this adaptive trait. Here, we review the regulatory mechanisms establishing genomic imprinting and their effect on seed dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sato
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Plant Reproductive Biology and Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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33
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Liu H, Yuan L, Guo W, Wu W. Transcription factor TERF1 promotes seed germination under osmotic conditions by activating gibberellin acid signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111350. [PMID: 35709980 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is the first step of seedling establishment, which is particularly sensitive to drought stress. Elucidating the mechanism regulating seed germination under drought stress is of great importance. We showed that overexpressing Tomato Ethylene Responsive Factor 1 (TERF1), an ERF transcription factor in the ethylene signaling pathway, significantly reduced seed sensitivity to mannitol treatment during seed germination. Germination assay demonstrated that TERF1 could activate gibberellin acid (GA) signaling pathway independent on GA metabolism during germination. By comparative transcriptome analysis (mannitol vs normal germination condition, mannitol vs mannitol plus paclobutrazol (PAC, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis)) we identified the genes regulated by TERF1 specifically under mannitol treatment and confirmed that TERF1 could activate GA signaling pathway independent on GA metabolism, which were consistent with the germination assay with mannitol and mannitol plus PAC treatment. Based on sugar, gene expression and germination analysis we proved that TERF1 promoted seed germination through glucose signaling pathway mediated by GA. Thus our study provides an underlying mechanism for activating GA signaling pathway by TERF1 during seed germination under osmotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Liu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Long Yuan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Parise AG, de Toledo GRA, Oliveira TFDC, Souza GM, Castiello U, Gagliano M, Marder M. Do plants pay attention? A possible phenomenological-empirical approach. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 173:11-23. [PMID: 35636584 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Attention is the important ability of flexibly controlling limited cognitive resources. It ensures that organisms engage with the activities and stimuli that are relevant to their survival. Despite the cognitive capabilities of plants and their complex behavioural repertoire, the study of attention in plants has been largely neglected. In this article, we advance the hypothesis that plants are endowed with the ability of attaining attentive states. We depart from a transdisciplinary basis of philosophy, psychology, physics and plant ecophysiology to propose a framework that seeks to explain how plant attention might operate and how it could be studied empirically. In particular, the phenomenological approach seems particularly important to explain plant attention theoretically, and plant electrophysiology seems particularly suited to study it empirically. We propose the use of electrophysiological techniques as a viable way for studying it, and we revisit previous work to support our hypothesis. We conclude this essay with some remarks on future directions for the study of plant attention and its implications to botany.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Geremia Parise
- Laboratory of Plant Cognition and Electrophysiology (LACEV), Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Ricardo Aguilera de Toledo
- Laboratory of Plant Cognition and Electrophysiology (LACEV), Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Francisco de Carvalho Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Cognition and Electrophysiology (LACEV), Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Maia Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Cognition and Electrophysiology (LACEV), Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Umberto Castiello
- Neuroscience of Movement Laboratory (NEMO), Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Gagliano
- Biological Intelligence Laboratory (BI Lab), School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Marder
- Ikerbasque: Basque Foundation for Science & Department of Philosophy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain
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Magnetopriming Actuates Nitric Oxide Synthesis to Regulate Phytohormones for Improving Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142174. [PMID: 35883617 PMCID: PMC9322440 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the role of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) in magnetopriming-mediated induction of salinity tolerance in soybean seeds is established. The cross-talk of NO with germination-related hormones gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) for their ability to reduce the Na+/K+ ratio in the seeds germinating under salinity is highlighted. Salt tolerance index was significantly high for seedlings emerging from magnetoprimed seeds and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO-donor) treatment. The NO and superoxide (O2•−) levels were also increased in both of these treatments under non-saline and saline conditions. NO generation through nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase-like (NOS-like) pathways indicated the major contribution of NO from the NR-catalysed reaction. The relative expression of genes involved in the NO biosynthetic pathways reiterated the indulgence of NR in NO in magnetoprimed seeds, as a 3.86-fold increase in expression was observed over unprimed seeds under salinity. A 23.26-fold increase in relative expression of NR genes by the NO donor (SNP) was observed under salinity, while the NR inhibitor (sodium tungstate, ST) caused maximum reduction in expression of NR genes as compared to other inhibitors [L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase-like enzyme) and DPI (diphenylene iodonium; NADPH oxidase inhibitor)]. The ratio of ABA/GA and IAA/GA decreased in magnetoprimed and NO donor-treated seeds, suggesting homeostasis amongst hormones during germination under salinity. The magnetoprimed seeds showed low Na+/K+ ratio in all treatments irrespective of NO inhibitors. Altogether, our results indicate that a balance of ABA, GA and IAA is maintained by the signalling molecule NO in magnetoprimed seeds which lowers the Na+/K+ ratio to offset the adverse effects of salinity in soybean seeds.
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Smolikova G, Strygina K, Krylova E, Vikhorev A, Bilova T, Frolov A, Khlestkina E, Medvedev S. Seed-to-Seedling Transition in Pisum sativum L.: A Transcriptomic Approach. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131686. [PMID: 35807638 PMCID: PMC9268910 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The seed-to-seedling transition is a crucial step in the plant life cycle. The transition occurs at the end of seed germination and corresponds to the initiation of embryonic root growth. To improve our understanding of how a seed transforms into a seedling, we germinated the Pisum sativum L. seeds for 72 h and divided them into samples before and after radicle protrusion. Before radicle protrusion, seeds survived after drying and formed normally developed seedlings upon rehydration. Radicle protrusion increased the moisture content level in seed axes, and the accumulation of ROS first generated in the embryonic root and plumule. The water and oxidative status shift correlated with the desiccation tolerance loss. Then, we compared RNA sequencing-based transcriptomics in the embryonic axes isolated from pea seeds before and after radicle protrusion. We identified 24,184 differentially expressed genes during the transition to the post-germination stage. Among them, 2101 genes showed more prominent expression. They were related to primary and secondary metabolism, photosynthesis, biosynthesis of cell wall components, redox status, and responses to biotic stress. On the other hand, 415 genes showed significantly decreased expression, including the groups related to water deprivation (eight genes) and response to the ABA stimulus (fifteen genes). We assume that the water deprivation group, especially three genes also belonging to ABA stimulus (LTI65, LTP4, and HVA22E), may be crucial for the desiccation tolerance loss during a metabolic switch from seed to seedling. The latter is also accompanied by the suppression of ABA-related transcription factors ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. Among them, HVA22E, ABI4, and ABI5 were highly conservative in functional domains and showed homologous sequences in different drought-tolerant species. These findings elaborate on the critical biochemical pathways and genes regulating seed-to-seedling transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ksenia Strygina
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Krylova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources of Russian Academy of Sciences, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Aleksander Vikhorev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elena Khlestkina
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources of Russian Academy of Sciences, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
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Wang FP, Zhao PP, Zhang L, Zhai H, Abid M, Du YP. The VvWRKY37 Regulates Bud Break in Grape Vine Through ABA-Mediated Signaling Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:929892. [PMID: 35783936 PMCID: PMC9245421 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.929892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy is a common survival strategy in plants to temporarily suspend visible growth under unsuitable conditions. The elaborate mechanism underlying bud break in perennial woody plants is gradually illustrated. Here, we identified a grape vine WRKY transcription factor, VvWRKY37, which was highly expressed in dormant buds. It was particularly induced by the application of exogenous abscisic acid, and depressed on exposure to gibberellin and low temperature (4°C) stress at the transcript level. The yeast one-hybrid assay confirmed that VvWRKY37 had a transcriptional activity. Ectopic over-expression of VvWRKY37 significantly delayed bud break of transgenic poplar plants. As an ABA-inducible gene, VvWRKY37 also depressed the expression of ABA catabolic gene CYP707As and enhanced the accumulation of endogenous ABA in transgenic poplar plants. The molecular pieces of evidence showed that VvWRKY37 preferentially recognized and bound W-box 5'-G/CATTGACT/C/G-3' cis-element in vitro. Additionally, VvABI5 and VvABF2 acted as the upstream transcriptional activators of VvWRKY37 via protein-DNA interactions. Taken together, our findings provided valuable insights into a new regulatory mechanism of WRKY TF by which it modulates bud break through ABA-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Pan Wang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Biological and Enology Engineering, Taishan University, Tai’an, China
| | - Heng Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Yuan-Peng Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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38
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Iwasaki M, Penfield S, Lopez-Molina L. Parental and Environmental Control of Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:355-378. [PMID: 35138879 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-090750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy-the absence of seed germination under favorable germination conditions-is a plant trait that evolved to enhance seedling survival by avoiding germination under unsuitable environmental conditions. In Arabidopsis, dormancy levels are influenced by the seed coat composition, while the endosperm is essential to repress seed germination of dormant seeds upon their imbibition. Recent research has shown that the mother plant modulates its progeny seed dormancy in response to seasonal temperature changes by changing specific aspects of seed coat and endosperm development. This process involves genomic imprinting by means of epigenetic marks deposited in the seed progeny and regulators previously known to regulate flowering time. This review discusses and summarizes these discoveries and provides an update on our present understanding of the role of DOG1 and abscisic acid, two key contributors to dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Iwasaki
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Steven Penfield
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Lopez-Molina
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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39
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Verma S, Attuluri VPS, Robert HS. Transcriptional control of Arabidopsis seed development. PLANTA 2022; 255:90. [PMID: 35318532 PMCID: PMC8940821 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The entire process of embryo development is under the tight control of various transcription factors. Together with other proteins, they act in a combinatorial manner and control distinct events during embryo development. Seed development is a complex process that proceeds through sequences of events regulated by the interplay of various genes, prominent among them being the transcription factors (TFs). The members of WOX, HD-ZIP III, ARF, and CUC families have a preferential role in embryonic patterning. While WOX TFs are required for initiating body axis, HD-ZIP III TFs and CUCs establish bilateral symmetry and SAM. And ARF5 performs a major role during embryonic root, ground tissue, and vasculature development. TFs such as LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2 (LAFL) are considered the master regulators of seed maturation. Furthermore, several new TFs involved in seed storage reserves and dormancy have been identified in the last few years. Their association with those master regulators has been established in the model plant Arabidopsis. Also, using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay coupled with transcriptomics, genome-wide target genes of these master regulators have recently been proposed. Many seed-specific genes, including those encoding oleosins and albumins, have appeared as the direct target of LAFL. Also, several other TFs act downstream of LAFL TFs and perform their function during maturation. In this review, the function of different TFs in different phases of early embryogenesis and maturation is discussed in detail, including information about their genetic and molecular interactors and target genes. Such knowledge can further be leveraged to understand and manipulate the regulatory mechanisms involved in seed development. In addition, the genomics approaches and their utilization to identify TFs aiming to study embryo development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Verma
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Venkata Pardha Saradhi Attuluri
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hélène S. Robert
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Yaghoubian I, Msimbira LA, Smith DL. Cell-Free Supernatant of Bacillus Strains can Improve Seed Vigor Index of Corn (Zea mays L.) Under Salinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.857643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, salinity is the second biggest challenge in the world after drought and affects all stages of plant growth. The use of environmentally friendly methods such as microorganisms and their derivatives can reduce the destructive effects of salinity stress. A growth chamber experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) from Bacillus strains on germination of corn under salinity stress. Corn seeds were subjected to three salinity levels (0, 100 and 150 mM of NaCl), cell-free supernatant of Bacillus strains (U35, U47, U48, U49, and U50) at two levels of dilution (1:50 and 1:250). Germination percentage and rate decreased with increasing salinity toward 150 mM NaCl all together leading to suppressed growth variables for corn seed seedlings including fresh and dry weight of radicle (47.71 and 52.63%, respectively), and shoot (49.52 and 49.25%, respectively), radicle and shoot lengths (39.90 and 66.07%, respectively). Seed vigor index also decreased by 63.04% at 150 mM NaCl. Contrary to salinity, the CFSs of Bacillus strains increased all the growth traits of corn seeds and reduced the negative effects of salinity, especially severe salinity. Ratios of 1:50 and 1: 250 gave best performance for CFSs from U35 and U50, respectively. In general, the highest seed vigor index was obtained by application of 1: 250 CFS from U50. Most germination traits and seed vigor index correlated significantly positive; however, mean germination time was negatively and significantly correlated with the seed vigor index of corn. The results showed that cell-free supernatant use, may as well-helped in changing the ratios of phytohormones, ROS, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic proteins, hence reduce the negative effects of salinity and improve seed vigor index which eventually increases the ability of plant seedling establishment under saline conditions.
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Zhang J, Qian JY, Bian YH, Liu X, Wang CL. Transcriptome and Metabolite Conjoint Analysis Reveals the Seed Dormancy Release Process in Callery Pear. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042186. [PMID: 35216299 PMCID: PMC8878392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed dormancy transition is a vital developmental process for seedling propagation and agricultural production. The process is precisely regulated by diverse endogenous genetic factors and environmental cues. Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne) is an important rootstock species that requires cold stratification to break seed dormancy, but the mechanisms underlying pear seed dormancy release are not yet fully understood. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome profiles at three different stages of cold stratification in callery pear seeds using RNA sequencing combined with phytohormone and sugar content measurements. Significant alterations in hormone contents and carbohydrate metabolism were observed and reflected the dormancy status of the seeds. The expressions of genes related to plant hormone metabolism and signaling transduction, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis (ASAs, TSA, NITs, YUC, and AAO) genes as well as several abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) catabolism and signaling transduction genes (CYP707As, GA2ox, and DELLAs), were consistent with endogenous hormone changes. We further found that several genes involved in cytokinin (CTK), ethylene (ETH), brassionolide (BR), and jasmonic acid (JA) metabolism and signaling transduction were differentially expressed and integrated in pear seed dormancy release. In accordance with changes in starch and soluble sugar contents, the genes associated with starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly up-regulated during seed dormancy release progression. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism pathways were also up-regulated. Finally, 447 transcription factor (TF) genes (including ERF, bHLH, bZIP, NAC, WRKY, and MYB genes) were observed to be differentially expressed during seed cold stratification and might relate to pear seed dormancy release. Our results suggest that the mechanism underlying pear seed dormancy release is a complex, transcriptionally regulated process involving hormones, sugars, lipids, and TFs.
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Ding X, Jia X, Xiang Y, Jiang W. Histone Modification and Chromatin Remodeling During the Seed Life Cycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865361. [PMID: 35548305 PMCID: PMC9083068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are essential for the reproduction and dispersion of spermatophytes. The seed life cycle from seed development to seedling establishment proceeds through a series of defined stages regulated by distinctive physiological and biochemical mechanisms. The role of histone modification and chromatin remodeling in seed behavior has been intensively studied in recent years. In this review, we summarize progress in elucidating the regulatory network of these two kinds of epigenetic regulation during the seed life cycle, especially in two model plants, rice and Arabidopsis. Particular emphasis is placed on epigenetic effects on primary tissue formation (e.g., the organized development of embryo and endosperm), pivotal downstream gene expression (e.g., transcription of DOG1 in seed dormancy and repression of seed maturation genes in seed-to-seedling transition), and environmental responses (e.g., seed germination in response to different environmental cues). Future prospects for understanding of intricate interplay of epigenetic pathways and the epigenetic mechanisms in other commercial species are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Ding
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuhui Jia
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhui Jiang,
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The Role of Membrane Transporters in Plant Growth and Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312792. [PMID: 34884597 PMCID: PMC8657488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins of membrane transporters (MTs) are embedded within membrane-bounded organelles and are the prime targets for improvements in the efficiency of water and nutrient transportation. Their function is to maintain cellular homeostasis by controlling ionic movements across cellular channels from roots to upper plant parts, xylem loading and remobilization of sugar molecules from photosynthesis tissues in the leaf (source) to roots, stem and seeds (sink) via phloem loading. The plant's entire source-to-sink relationship is regulated by multiple transporting proteins in a highly sophisticated manner and driven based on different stages of plant growth and development (PG&D) and environmental changes. The MTs play a pivotal role in PG&D in terms of increased plant height, branches/tiller numbers, enhanced numbers, length and filled panicles per plant, seed yield and grain quality. Dynamic climatic changes disturbed ionic balance (salt, drought and heavy metals) and sugar supply (cold and heat stress) in plants. Due to poor selectivity, some of the MTs also uptake toxic elements in roots negatively impact PG&D and are later on also exported to upper parts where they deteriorate grain quality. As an adaptive strategy, in response to salt and heavy metals, plants activate plasma membranes and vacuolar membrane-localized MTs that export toxic elements into vacuole and also translocate in the root's tips and shoot. However, in case of drought, cold and heat stresses, MTs increased water and sugar supplies to all organs. In this review, we mainly review recent literature from Arabidopsis, halophytes and major field crops such as rice, wheat, maize and oilseed rape in order to argue the global role of MTs in PG&D, and abiotic stress tolerance. We also discussed gene expression level changes and genomic variations within a species as well as within a family in response to developmental and environmental cues.
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Dong S, Liu YL, Li ZH. The Opposite Roles of White Light in Regulating Germination of Fresh and Aged Seed in Tobacco. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112457. [PMID: 34834820 PMCID: PMC8618267 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Light is one of the important environmental factors for seeds to evaluate whether the natural environment is appropriate for germination and subsequent seedlings emergence. The mechanism of light-mediated germination is mainly concerned with fresh seeds (FS) of model plants but is poorly understood in aged seeds. Here, the effects of light on germination of FS and naturally aged seeds (NAS) in tobacco and their relationship with plant hormones gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated. The results demonstrated that light promoted and inhibited the germination of FS and NAS, respectively. GA and ABA were involved in the germination control of NAS, as well as in FS. However, light suppressed GA signal and stimulated ABA signal in NAS, whereas it stimulated GA signal and suppressed ABA signal in FS. In addition, light stimulated the GA accumulation and reduction in ABA in FS while inhibiting the increase in GA level in NAS. Together, the present study demonstrates that light has opposite effects on the germination of FS and NAS, which are closely related to the metabolism and/or signaling of plant hormones ABA and GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (S.D.)
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (S.D.)
| | - Shuai Dong
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (S.D.)
| | - Yi-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Seed Dormancy and Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Rice-An Updated Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111804. [PMID: 34769234 PMCID: PMC8583970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting is a critical phenomenon involving the germination of seeds in the mother plant before harvest under relative humid conditions and reduced dormancy. As it results in reduced grain yield and quality, it is a common problem for the farmers who have cultivated the rice and wheat across the globe. Crop yields need to be steadily increased to improve the people’s ability to adapt to risks as the world’s population grows and natural disasters become more frequent. To improve the quality of grain and to avoid pre-harvest sprouting, a clear understanding of the crops should be known with the use of molecular omics approaches. Meanwhile, pre-harvest sprouting is a complicated phenomenon, especially in rice, and physiological, hormonal, and genetic changes should be monitored, which can be modified by high-throughput metabolic engineering techniques. The integration of these data allows the creation of tailored breeding lines suitable for various demands and regions, and it is crucial for increasing the crop yields and economic benefits. In this review, we have provided an overview of seed dormancy and its regulation, the major causes of pre-harvest sprouting, and also unraveled the novel avenues to battle pre-harvest sprouting in cereals with special reference to rice using genomics and transcriptomic approaches.
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Li L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Xu D, Tian X, Song J, Luo X, Xie L, Wang D, He Z, Xia X, Zhang Y, Cao S. Genome-Wide Linkage Mapping for Preharvest Sprouting Resistance in Wheat Using 15K Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Arrays. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749206. [PMID: 34721477 PMCID: PMC8551680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Preharvest sprouting (PHS) significantly reduces grain yield and quality. Identification of genetic loci for PHS resistance will facilitate breeding sprouting-resistant wheat cultivars. In this study, we constructed a genetic map comprising 1,702 non-redundant markers in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from cross Yangxiaomai/Zhongyou9507 using the wheat 15K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay. Four quantitative trait loci (QTL) for germination index (GI), a major indicator of PHS, were identified, explaining 4.6-18.5% of the phenotypic variances. Resistance alleles of Qphs.caas-3AL, Qphs.caas-3DL, and Qphs.caas-7BL were from Yangxiaomai, and Zhongyou9507 contributed a resistance allele in Qphs.caas-4AL. No epistatic effects were detected among the QTL, and combined resistance alleles significantly increased PHS resistance. Sequencing and linkage mapping showed that Qphs.caas-3AL and Qphs.caas-3DL corresponded to grain color genes Tamyb10-A and Tamyb10-D, respectively, whereas Qphs.caas-4AL and Qphs.caas-7BL were probably new QTL for PHS. We further developed cost-effective, high-throughput kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers tightly linked to Qphs.caas-4AL and Qphs.caas-7BL and validated their association with GI in a test panel of cultivars. The resistance alleles at the Qphs.caas-4AL and Qphs.caas-7BL loci were present in 72.2 and 16.5% cultivars, respectively, suggesting that the former might be subjected to positive selection in wheat breeding. The findings provide not only genetic resources for PHS resistance but also breeding tools for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dengan Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuling Tian
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xumei Luo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Desen Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, Beijing, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuanghe Cao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang Q, Pritchard J, Mieog J, Byrne K, Colgrave ML, Wang J, Ral JF. Overexpression of a wheat α-amylase type 2 impact on starch metabolism and abscisic acid sensitivity during grain germination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:378-393. [PMID: 34312931 PMCID: PMC9290991 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite being of vital importance for seed establishment and grain quality, starch degradation remains poorly understood in organs such as cereal or legume seeds. In cereals, starch degradation requires the synergetic action of different isoforms of α-amylases. Ubiquitous overexpression of TaAmy2 resulted in a 2.0-437.6-fold increase of total α-amylase activity in developing leaf and harvested grains. These increases led to dramatic alterations of starch visco-properties and augmentation of soluble carbohydrate levels (mainly sucrose and α-gluco-oligosaccharide) in grain. Interestingly, the overexpression of TaAMY2 led to an absence of dormancy in ripened grain due to abscisic acid (ABA) insensitivity. Using an allosteric α-amylase inhibitor (acarbose), we demonstrated that ABA insensitivity was due to the increased soluble carbohydrate generated by the α-amylase excess. Independent from the TaAMY2 overexpression, inhibition of α-amylase during germination led to the accumulation of soluble α-gluco-oligosaccharides without affecting the first stage of germination. These findings support the hypotheses that (i) endosperm sugar may overcome ABA signalling and promote sprouting, and (ii) α-amylase may not be required for the initial stage of grain germination, an observation that questions the function of the amylolytic enzyme in the starch degradation process during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Agriculture and foodCSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraACT2601Australia
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Jenifer Pritchard
- Agriculture and foodCSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Jos Mieog
- Agriculture and foodCSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraACT2601Australia
- Present address:
Plant ScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreACTAustralia
| | - Keren Byrne
- Agriculture and foodCSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraACT2601Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt. LuciaQLD4067Australia
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- Agriculture and foodCSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraACT2601Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt. LuciaQLD4067Australia
| | - Ji‐Rui Wang
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China
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Née G, Châtel-Innocenti G, Meimoun P, Leymarie J, Montrichard F, Satour P, Bailly C, Issakidis-Bourguet E. A New Role for Plastid Thioredoxins in Seed Physiology in Relation to Hormone Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10395. [PMID: 34638735 PMCID: PMC8508614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis seeds, ROS have been shown to be enabling actors of cellular signaling pathways promoting germination, but their accumulation under stress conditions or during aging leads to a decrease in the ability to germinate. Previous biochemical work revealed that a specific class of plastid thioredoxins (Trxs), the y-type Trxs, can fulfill antioxidant functions. Among the ten plastidial Trx isoforms identified in Arabidopsis, Trx y1 mRNA is the most abundant in dry seeds. We hypothesized that Trx y1 and Trx y2 would play an important role in seed physiology as antioxidants. Using reverse genetics, we found important changes in the corresponding Arabidopsis mutant seeds. They display remarkable traits such as increased longevity and higher and faster germination in conditions of reduced water availability or oxidative stress. These phenotypes suggest that Trxs y do not play an antioxidant role in seeds, as further evidenced by no changes in global ROS contents and protein redox status found in the corresponding mutant seeds. Instead, we provide evidence that marker genes of ABA and GAs pathways are perturbed in mutant seeds, together with their sensitivity to specific hormone inhibitors. Altogether, our results suggest that Trxs y function in Arabidopsis seeds is not linked to their previously identified antioxidant roles and reveal a new role for plastid Trxs linked to hormone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Née
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France; (G.N.); (G.C.-I.)
| | - Gilles Châtel-Innocenti
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France; (G.N.); (G.C.-I.)
| | - Patrice Meimoun
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; (P.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Juliette Leymarie
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; (P.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Françoise Montrichard
- IRHS-UMR1345, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Université d’Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France; (F.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Pascale Satour
- IRHS-UMR1345, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Université d’Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France; (F.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Christophe Bailly
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; (P.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Emmanuelle Issakidis-Bourguet
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France; (G.N.); (G.C.-I.)
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Non-Deep Simple Morphophysiological Dormancy and Germination Characteristics of Gentiana triflora var. japonica (Kusn.) H. Hara (Gentianaceae), a Rare Perennial Herb in Korea. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10101979. [PMID: 34685788 PMCID: PMC8539912 DOI: 10.3390/plants10101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the kind of seed dormancy and seed germination of Gentiana triflora var. japonica (Kusn.) H. Hara for developing a seed propagation method. The seeds were collected in October 2020 from plants at Mt. Sobaeksan, Korea. In a water imbibition experiment, seed weights increased by >101.9% of their initial masses over 12 h. Effects of incubation temperature (5, 15, 20, 25, 15/6, or 25/15 °C), cold stratification period (5 °C; 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks), and gibberellic acid (GA3; 0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg∙L−1) and potassium nitrate treatment (KNO3; 0, 1000, 2000, or 4000 mg∙L−1) on seed germination were investigated to characterize seed dormancy. These seeds exhibited underdeveloped embryos during seed dispersal. The seeds failed to reach the final germination of 15.0% after treatment at 5, 15, 20, 25, 15/6, or 25/15 °C. After cold stratification for 8 weeks, the germination increased dramatically by >90.0% compared to that at 0 weeks. After the GA3 treatment, the germination reached >80.0% within 5 days. The final germination was 90.0% in the 100 mg∙L−1 GA3 treatment group. However, the KNO3 treatment had no effect on seed germination. Therefore, the G. triflora var. japonica seeds exhibited non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy.
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Smolikova G, Strygina K, Krylova E, Leonova T, Frolov A, Khlestkina E, Medvedev S. Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1884. [PMID: 34579418 PMCID: PMC8467299 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transition from seed to seedling is one of the critical developmental steps, dramatically affecting plant growth and viability. Before plants enter the vegetative phase of their ontogenesis, massive rearrangements of signaling pathways and switching of gene expression programs are required. This results in suppression of the genes controlling seed maturation and activation of those involved in regulation of vegetative growth. At the level of hormonal regulation, these events are controlled by the balance of abscisic acid and gibberellins, although ethylene, auxins, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, and jasmonates are also involved. The key players include the members of the LAFL network-the transcription factors LEAFY COTYLEDON1 and 2 (LEC 1 and 2), ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), and FUSCA3 (FUS3), as well as DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1). They are the negative regulators of seed germination and need to be suppressed before seedling development can be initiated. This repressive signal is mediated by chromatin remodeling complexes-POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2), as well as PICKLE (PKL) and PICKLE-RELATED2 (PKR2) proteins. Finally, epigenetic methylation of cytosine residues in DNA, histone post-translational modifications, and post-transcriptional downregulation of seed maturation genes with miRNA are discussed. Here, we summarize recent updates in the study of hormonal and epigenetic switches involved in regulation of the transition from seed germination to the post-germination stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ksenia Strygina
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Krylova
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Tatiana Leonova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Khlestkina
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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