1
|
Liu H, Wang Z, Xin H, Liu J, Wang Q, Pang B, Zhang K. Polysaccharide Nanocrystals-Based Chiral Nematic Structures: From Self-Assembly Mechanisms, Regulation, to Applications. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22675-22708. [PMID: 39137301 PMCID: PMC11363144 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Chiral architectures, one of the key structural features of natural systems ranging from the nanoscale to macroscale, are an infinite source of inspiration for functional materials. Researchers have been, and still are, strongly pursuing the goal of constructing such structures with renewable and sustainable building blocks via simple and efficient strategies. With the merits of high sustainability, renewability, and the ability to self-assemble into chiral nematic structures in aqueous suspensions that can be preserved in the solid state, polysaccharide nanocrystals (PNs) including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) offer opportunities to reach the target. We herein provide a comprehensive review that focuses on the development of CNCs and ChNCs for the use in advanced functional materials. First, the introduction of CNCs and ChNCs, and cellulose- and chitin-formed chiral nematic organizations in the natural world, are given. Then, the self-assembly process of such PNs and the factors influencing this process are comprehensively discussed. After that, we showcased the emerging applications of the self-assembled chiral nematic structures of CNCs and ChNCs. Finally, this review concludes with perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- National
Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber
Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haowei Xin
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, National
University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable
Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based
Composites, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wong DCJ, Pichersky E, Peakall R. Many different flowers make a bouquet: Lessons from specialized metabolite diversity in plant-pollinator interactions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 73:102332. [PMID: 36652780 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants have evolved extraordinarily diverse metabolites that underpin the floral visual and olfactory signals enabling plant-pollinator interactions. In some cases, these metabolites also provide unusual rewards that specific pollinators depend on. While some metabolites are shared by most flowering plants, many have evolved in restricted lineages in response to the specific selection pressures encountered within different niches. The latter are designated as specialized metabolites. Recent investigations continue to uncover a growing repertoire of unusual specialized metabolites. Increased accessibility to cutting-edge multi-omics technologies (e.g. genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome) is now opening new doors to simultaneously uncover the molecular basis of their synthesis and their evolution across diverse plant lineages. Drawing upon the recent literature, this perspective discusses these aspects and, where known, their ecological and evolutionary relevance. A primer on omics-guided approaches to discover the genetic and biochemical basis of functional specialized metabolites is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren C J Wong
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rod Peakall
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moyroud E, Airoldi CA, Ferria J, Giorio C, Steimer SS, Rudall PJ, Prychid CJ, Halliwell S, Walker JF, Robinson S, Kalberer M, Glover BJ. Cuticle chemistry drives the development of diffraction gratings on the surface of Hibiscus trionum petals. Curr Biol 2022; 32:5323-5334.e6. [PMID: 36423640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plants combine both chemical and structural means to appear colorful. We now have an extensive understanding of the metabolic pathways used by flowering plants to synthesize pigments, but the mechanisms remain obscure whereby cells produce microscopic structures sufficiently regular to interfere with light and create an optical effect. Here, we combine transgenic approaches in a novel model system, Hibiscus trionum, with chemical analyses of the cuticle, both in transgenic lines and in different species of Hibiscus, to investigate the formation of a semi-ordered diffraction grating on the petal surface. We show that regulating both cuticle production and epidermal cell growth is insufficient to determine the type of cuticular pattern produced. Instead, the chemical composition of the cuticle plays a crucial role in restricting the formation of diffraction gratings to the pigmented region of the petal. This suggests that buckling, driven by spatiotemporal regulation of cuticle chemistry, could pattern the petal surface at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Moyroud
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
| | - Chiara A Airoldi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Jordan Ferria
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Chiara Giorio
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Sarah S Steimer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Shannon Halliwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Joseph F Walker
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Sarah Robinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beverley J Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fu X, Shan H, Yao X, Cheng J, Jiang Y, Yin X, Kong H. Petal development and elaboration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3308-3318. [PMID: 35275176 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Petals can be simple or elaborate, depending on whether they have complex basic structures and/or highly specialized epidermal modifications. It has been proposed that the independent origin and diversification of elaborate petals have promoted plant-animal interactions and, therefore, the evolutionary radiation of corresponding plant groups. Recent advances in floral development and evolution have greatly improved our understanding of the processes, patterns, and mechanisms underlying petal elaboration. In this review, we compare the developmental processes of simple and elaborate petals, concluding that elaborate petals can be achieved through four main paths of modifications (i.e. marginal elaboration, ventral elaboration, dorsal elaboration, and surface elaboration). Although different types of elaborate petals were formed through different types of modifications, they are all results of changes in the expression patterns of genes involved in organ polarity establishment and/or the proliferation, expansion, and differentiation of cells. The deployment of existing genetic materials to perform a new function was also shown to be a key to making elaborate petals during evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongyan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongchao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongzhi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van de Kerkhof GT, Schertel L, Catòn L, Parton TG, Müller KH, Greer HF, Ingham CJ, Vignolini S. Polysaccharide metabolism regulates structural colour in bacterial colonies. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220181. [PMID: 35611622 PMCID: PMC9131120 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The brightest colours in nature often originate from the interaction of light with materials structured at the nanoscale. Different organisms produce such coloration with a wide variety of materials and architectures. In the case of bacterial colonies, structural colours stem for the periodic organization of the cells within the colony, and while considerable efforts have been spent on elucidating the mechanisms responsible for such coloration, the biochemical processes determining the development of this effect have not been explored. Here, we study the influence of nutrients on the organization of cells from the structurally coloured bacteria Flavobacterium strain IR1. By analysing the optical properties of the colonies grown with and without specific polysaccharides, we found that the highly ordered organization of the cells can be altered by the presence of fucoidans. Additionally, by comparing the organization of the wild-type strain with mutants grown in different nutrient conditions, we deduced that this regulation of cell ordering is linked to a specific region of the IR1 chromosome. This region encodes a mechanism for the uptake and metabolism of polysaccharides, including a polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL operon) that appears specific to fucoidan, providing new insight into the biochemical pathways regulating structural colour in bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gea T. van de Kerkhof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Lukas Schertel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Laura Catòn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Hoekmine BV, Room 1.091 (iLab), Kenniscentrum Technologie en Innovatie, Hogeschool Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 7, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas G. Parton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Karin H. Müller
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Heather F. Greer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Colin J. Ingham
- Hoekmine BV, Room 1.091 (iLab), Kenniscentrum Technologie en Innovatie, Hogeschool Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 7, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jarboe LR, Khalid A, Ocasio ER, Fashkami KN. Extrapolation of design strategies for lignocellulosic biomass conversion to the challenge of plastic waste. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 49:6510821. [PMID: 35040946 PMCID: PMC9119000 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The goal of cost-effective production of fuels and chemicals from biomass has been a substantial driver of the development of the field of Metabolic Engineering. The resulting design principles and procedures provide a guide for the development of cost-effective methods for degradation, and possibly even valorization, of plastic wastes. Here we highlight these parallels, using the creative work of Lonnie O'Neal (Neal) Ingram in enabling production of fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass, with a focus on ethanol production as an exemplar process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Jarboe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ammara Khalid
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Efrain Rodriguez Ocasio
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kimia Noroozi Fashkami
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bukhanov E, Shabanov AV, Volochaev MN, Pyatina SA. The Role of Periodic Structures in Light Harvesting. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091967. [PMID: 34579499 PMCID: PMC8473174 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The features of light propagation in plant leaves depend on the long-period ordering in chloroplasts and the spectral characteristics of pigments. This work demonstrates a method of determining the hidden ordered structure. Transmission spectra have been determined using transfer matrix method. A band gap was found in the visible spectral range. The effective refractive index and dispersion in the absorption spectrum area of chlorophyll were taken into account to show that the density of photon states increases, while the spectrum shifts towards the wavelength range of effective photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Bukhanov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics FRC «KSC of SB RAS», Academgorodok str. 50/12, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (M.N.V.)
- Federal Research Center «KSC of SB RAS», Academgorodok str. 50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-913-554-3030
| | - Alexandr V. Shabanov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics FRC «KSC of SB RAS», Academgorodok str. 50/12, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (M.N.V.)
| | - Mikhail N. Volochaev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics FRC «KSC of SB RAS», Academgorodok str. 50/12, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (M.N.V.)
| | - Svetlana A. Pyatina
- Federal Research Center «KSC of SB RAS», Academgorodok str. 50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ye LJ, Mӧller M, Luo YH, Zou JY, Zheng W, Wang YH, Liu J, Zhu AD, Hu JY, Li DZ, Gao LM. Differential expressions of anthocyanin synthesis genes underlie flower color divergence in a sympatric Rhododendron sanguineum complex. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:204. [PMID: 33910529 PMCID: PMC8082929 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Rhododendron sanguineum complex is endemic to alpine mountains of northwest Yunnan and southeast Tibet of China. Varieties in this complex exhibit distinct flower colors even at the bud stage. However, the underlying molecular regulations for the flower color variation have not been well characterized. Here, we investigated this via measuring flower reflectance profiles and comparative transcriptome analyses on three coexisting varieties of the R. sanguineum complex, with yellow flush pink, bright crimson, and deep blackish crimson flowers respectively. We compared the expression levels of differentially-expressed-genes (DEGs) of the anthocyanin / flavonoid biosynthesis pathway using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data. We performed clustering analysis based on transcriptome-derived Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) data, and finally analyzed the promoter architecture of DEGs. RESULTS Reflectance spectra of the three color morphs varied distinctively in the range between 400 and 700 nm, with distinct differences in saturation, brightness, hue, and saturation/hue ratio, an indirect measurement of anthocyanin content. We identified 15,164 orthogroups that were shared among the three varieties. The SNP clustering analysis indicated that the varieties were not monophyletic. A total of 40 paralogous genes encoding 12 enzymes contributed to the flower color polymorphism. These anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes were associated with synthesis, modification and transportation properties (RsCHS, RsCHI, RsF3H, RsF3'H, RsFLS, RsANS, RsAT, RsOMT, RsGST), as well as genes involved in catabolism and degradation (RsBGLU, RsPER, RsCAD). Variations in sequence and cis-acting elements of these genes might correlate with the anthocyanin accumulation, thus may contribute to the divergence of flower color in the R. sanguineum complex. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the varieties are very closely related and flower color variations in the R. sanguineum complex correlate tightly with the differential expression levels of genes involved in the anabolic and catabolic synthesis network of anthocyanin. Our study provides a scenario involving intricate relationships between genetic mechanisms for floral coloration accompanied by gene flow among the varieties that may represent an early case of pollinator-mediated incipient sympatric speciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jiang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | | | - Ya-Huang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia-Yun Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - An-Dan Zhu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin-Yong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Lijiang Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, 674100, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saranathan V, Finet C. Cellular and developmental basis of avian structural coloration. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 69:56-64. [PMID: 33684846 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vivid structural colors in birds are a conspicuous and vital part of their phenotype. They are produced by a rich diversity of integumentary photonic nanostructures in skin and feathers. Unlike pigmentary coloration, whose genetic basis is being elucidated, little is known regarding the pathways underpinning organismal structural coloration. Here, we review available data on the development of avian structural colors. In particular, feather photonic nanostructures are understood to be intracellularly self-assembled by physicochemical forces typically seen in soft colloidal systems. We identify promising avenues for future research that can address current knowledge gaps, which are also highly relevant for the sustainable engineering of advanced bioinspired and biomimetic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinodkumar Saranathan
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, 10 College Avenue West, 138609, Singapore; NUS Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Initiative, National University of Singapore, 117581, Singapore.
| | - Cédric Finet
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, 10 College Avenue West, 138609, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The evolution of structural colour in butterflies. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 69:28-34. [PMID: 33540167 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Butterflies display some of the most striking examples of structural colour in nature. These colours originate from cuticular scales that cover the wing surface, which have evolved a diverse suite of optical nanostructures capable of manipulating light. In this review we explore recent advances in the evolution of structural colour in butterflies. We discuss new insights into the underlying genetics and development of the structural colours in various nanostructure types. Improvements in -omic and imaging technologies have been paramount to these new advances and have permitted an increased appreciation of their development and evolution.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodríguez-Castañeda NL, Ortiz PL, Arista M, Narbona E, Buide ML. Indirect Selection on Flower Color in Silene littorea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:588383. [PMID: 33424884 PMCID: PMC7785944 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.588383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flower color, as other floral traits, may suffer conflicting selective pressures mediated by both mutualists and antagonists. The maintenance of intraspecific flower color variability has been usually explained as a result of direct selection by biotic agents. However, flower color might also be under indirect selection through correlated traits, since correlations among flower traits are frequent. In this study, we aimed to find out how flower color variability is maintained in two nearby populations of Silene littorea that consistently differ in the proportions of white-flowered plants. To do that, we assessed natural selection on floral color and correlated traits by means of phenotypic selection analysis and path analysis. Strong directional selection on floral display and flower production was found in both populations through either male or female fitness. Flower color had a negative indirect effect on the total male and female fitness in Melide population, as plants with lighter corollas produced more flowers. In contrast, in Barra population, plants with darker corollas produced more flowers and have darker calices, which in turn were selected. Our results suggest that the prevalence of white-flowered plants in Melide and pink-flowered plants in Barra is a result of indirect selection through correlated flower traits and not a result of direct selection of either pollinators or herbivores on color.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro L. Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Montserrat Arista
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo Narbona
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mª Luisa Buide
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shan H, Cheng J, Zhang R, Yao X, Kong H. Developmental mechanisms involved in the diversification of flowers. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:917-923. [PMID: 31477891 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We all appreciate the fantastic diversity of flowers. How flowers diversified, however, remains largely enigmatic. The mechanisms underlying the diversification of flowers are complex because the overall appearance of a flower is determined by many factors, such as the shape and size of its receptacle, and the arrangement, number, type, shape and colour of floral organs. Modifications of the developmental trajectories of a flower and its components, therefore, can lead to the generation of new floral types. In this Review, by summarizing the recent progress in studying the initiation, identity determination, morphogenesis and maturation of floral organs, we present our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the diversification of flowers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roeder AH, Jill Harrison C. Editorial overview: Scaling development through the plant tree of life. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 47:A1-A4. [PMID: 30850085 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Hk Roeder
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - C Jill Harrison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|