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Gong S, Jin J, Mao J, Li H, Mo Y, Zhou Q, Gan S. Plasma atherogenicity index is a powerful indicator for identifying metabolic syndrome in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39792. [PMID: 39331941 PMCID: PMC11441968 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Elevated triglyceride (TG) levels and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels (HDL-C) are predisposing factors for the development of ASCVD. Evidence on the association between atherosclerotic index of plasma [AIP = log (TG/HDL-C)] and MetS is limited. Our study aimed to investigate the association between AIP and MetS. This is a cross-sectional study that determines the presence of MetS by assessing anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Multivariate log-binomial regression models were used to analyze the relationship between AIP and MetS risk. To further test the stability of the results, we performed sensitivity analyses in young, non-obese, and normal lipid population. Smoothing plots explored the potential nonlinear relationship between the AIP index for MetS and the estimated potential risk threshold. Predictive power of AIP for MetS using respondent operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The prevalence of MetS was 67.35%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an independent and positive association between AIP and MetS (Per 1 SD increase, PR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.15-1.47). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the stability of the results. Smoothing plot showed a nonlinear relationship between AIP and MetS, with an inflection point of 0.66. ROC curve analysis, AIP was an accurate indicator for assessing MetS in type 2 diabetics (AUC = 0.840, 95% CI: 0.819-0.862). AIP is a stable and independently powerful predictor of MetS in T2DM patients. AIP can be used as a simple assessment tool for the early detection of MetS and disease management for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Department of Science and Education, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, China
| | - YePing Mo
- Department of Ultrasound, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Science and Education, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, China
| | - Shenglian Gan
- Department of Endocrinology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, China
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Rauf S, Basharat T, Gebeyehu A, Elsafy M, Rahmatov M, Ortiz R, Kaya Y. Sesame, an Underutilized Oil Seed Crop: Breeding Achievements and Future Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2662. [PMID: 39339635 PMCID: PMC11434663 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Sesame seeds and their edible oil are highly nutritious and rich in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Bioactive compounds such as sterols, tocopherols, and sesamol provide significant medicinal benefits. The high oil content (50%) and favorable mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid balance, as well as resilience to water stress, make sesame a promising candidate crop for global agricultural expansion. However, sesame production faces challenges such as low yields, poor response to agricultural inputs, and losses due to capsule dehiscence. To enhance yield, traits like determinate growth, dwarfism, a high harvest index, non-shattering capsules, disease resistance, and photoperiod sensitivity are needed. These traits can be achieved through variation or induced mutation breeding. Crossbreeding methods often result in unwanted genetic changes. The gene editing CRISPR/Cas9 technology has the potential to suppress detrimental alleles and improve the fatty acid profile by inhibiting polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Even though sesame is an orphan crop, it has entered the genomic era, with available sequences assisting molecular breeding efforts. This progress aids in associating single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) with key economic traits, as well as identifying genes related to adaptability, oil production, fatty acid synthesis, and photosynthesis. Additionally, transcriptomic research can reveal genes involved in abiotic stress responses and adaptation to diverse climates. The mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) can identify loci linked to key traits such as capsule size, seed count per capsule, and capsule number per plant. This article reviews recent advances in sesame breeding, discusses ongoing challenges, and explores potential strategies for future improvement. Hence, integrating advanced genomic tools and breeding strategies provides promising ways to enhance sesame production to meet global demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rauf
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Taiyyibah Basharat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Adane Gebeyehu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 23053 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Elsafy
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 23053 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Mahbubjon Rahmatov
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 23053 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 23053 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Yalcin Kaya
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
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Cheng Y, Wang Q, Sun C, Cui D. Association Between the Atherogenic Index of Plasma and 90-Day Clinical Prognosis in Patients with Acute Pontine Infarction: A Single Center Study. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:3453-3463. [PMID: 39156876 PMCID: PMC11328852 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s471545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a biomarker for coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanism of its action in the acute phase of acute pontine infarction remains unclear. This study investigated the association between the AIP and the short-term prognosis of acute pontine infarction. Methods Clinical and laboratory index data of patients admitted to the hospital for acute pontine infarction were continuously included, and these patients were followed up for 90 days after disease onset. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the 90-day clinical outcomes of the patients, and an mRS score ≥3 was used to define adverse functional outcomes. Univariate analysis was used to detect differences in the indicators between the two groups. Patients were then divided into three groups according to the quantile of the AIP (T1: AIP ≤ 0.029; T2, 0.029 < AIP ≤ 0.248; T3, AIP > 0.248), and a binary logistic regression model was used to assess risk factors for prognosis shortly after acute pontine infarction. Results A total of 260 patients with acute pontine infarction (mean age=64.5±11.8 years) were included during the study period, and 68 (26.2%) patients had a poor 90-day prognosis. The AIP in the poor 90-day prognosis group was significantly greater (P <0.05) than that in the good 90-day prognosis group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the AIP (OR=9.829; 95% CI: 2.837-34.051; p < 0.001), baseline NIHSS score (OR=1.663; 95% CI: 1.400-1.975; p < 0.001) and infarct volume (OR=1.762; 95% CI: 1.013-3.062; p=0.045) were significantly associated with poor 90-day prognosis in patients with acute pontine infarction. Conclusion In patients with acute pontine infarction, the AIP may serve as an important biological marker of poor clinical prognosis and is independently associated with poor 90-day prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Fuyang Medical College, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Fuyang People’s Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanxi Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Cui
- Fuyang Medical College, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Dai Z, Wan K, Miyashita M, Ho RST, Zheng C, Poon ETC, Wong SHS. The Effect of Time-Restricted Eating Combined with Exercise on Body Composition and Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100262. [PMID: 38897385 PMCID: PMC11301358 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE) is increasingly popular, but its benefits in combination with exercise still need to be determined. OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TRE combined with exercise compared with control diet with exercise in improving the body composition and metabolic health of adults. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched for relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of TRE combined with exercise on body composition and metabolic health in adults were included. All results in the meta-analysis are reported as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Study quality was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation assessment. RESULTS In total, 19 RCTs comprising 568 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. TRE combined with exercise likely reduced the participants' body mass (MD: -1.86 kg; 95% CI: -2.75, -0.97 kg) and fat mass (MD: -1.52 kg; 95% CI: -2.07, -0.97 kg) when compared with the control diet with exercise. In terms of metabolic health, the TRE combined with exercise group likely reduced triglycerides (MD: -13.38 mg/dL, 95% CI: -21.22, -5.54 mg/dL) and may result in a reduction in low-density lipoprotein (MD: -8.52 mg/dL; 95% CI: -11.72, -5.33 mg/dL) and a large reduction in leptin (MD: -0.67 ng/mL; 95% CI: -1.02, -0.33 ng/mL). However, TRE plus exercise exhibited no additional benefit on the glucose profile, including fasting glucose and insulin, and other lipid profiles, including total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein concentrations, compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Combining TRE with exercise may be more effective in reducing body weight and fat mass and improving lipid profile than control diet with exercise. Implementing this approach may benefit individuals aiming to achieve weight loss and enhance their metabolic well-being. This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42022353834.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Dai
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kewen Wan
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masashi Miyashita
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan; School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Sze-Tak Ho
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Rajan T, M G, K S, L E. Association Between Calculated Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and Soft Carotid Plaques on CT Angiogram of the Head and Neck. Cureus 2024; 16:e65292. [PMID: 39184631 PMCID: PMC11343439 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), also commonly known as stroke, is an acute condition characterized by jeopardized perfusion of the brain tissue. Atherosclerosis is a common converging point for the various risk factors for CVA. It is a chronic, evolving condition of the vessel wall characterized by peculiar lesions known as atheromas. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been one of the established and traditional risk factors for the development of plaques in atherosclerosis. Small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C) is a subclass of LDL-C that is considered more atherogenic, and its role in atherosclerotic plaque formation has been very well established. Hence, in this study, we aimed to find the association between calculated sdLDL-C and atherosclerotic carotid plaque (including various plaque characteristics). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute between December 2022 and December 2023 after getting ethics approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Patients who underwent CT angiogram (312) were included in the study, and their lipid profile data were collected from the Laboratory Information System. Participants were divided into groups depending on the presence or absence of carotid plaque, the characteristics of the plaque, and the narrowing caused by the plaque. sdLDL-C was calculated using Sampson formula from the lipid parameters in these groups. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Statistics version 16.0 (SPSS Inc. Released 2007. SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc.). A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS sdLDL-C was significantly higher in the plaque group (37.25 ± 13.69 mg/dL) when compared to the group without plaques on CT angiogram (34.09 ± 11.64 mg/dL) (p<0.05), wherein the LDL-C wasn't significantly different between the two groups. sdLDL-C was also elevated in the soft plaque sub-group (39.46 ± 13.63 mg/dL) when compared to the calcific plaque sub-group (35.41 ± 13.05 mg/dL), which was statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION sdLDL-C is associated with atherosclerotic carotid plaques, especially the soft plaques on CT angiogram, which are considered to be vulnerable plaques. Thus, calculated sdLDL-C can be utilized as a cost-effective tool to assess plaque vulnerability and monitor hypolipidemic treatment in addition to LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulasi Rajan
- Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Ganesh M
- Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Sowmya K
- Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Easwar L
- Radiodiagnosis, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
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Kazeminasab F, Miraghajani M, Khalafi M, Sakhaei MH, Rosenkranz SK, Santos HO. Effects of low-carbohydrate diets, with and without caloric restriction, on inflammatory markers in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:569-584. [PMID: 38499791 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) have gained interest due to their favorable effects on health outcomes, such as inflammation. However, further research is needed to ascertain the overall effects of LCDs on inflammatory parameters, but at the same time considering weight loss and calorie intake. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was performed to investigate the effects of LCDs compared with low-fat diets (LFDs), with and without caloric restriction, on inflammatory markers in adults. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through March 2022 to select intervention studies addressing LCDs vs. LFDs, in which the following circulating inflammatory markers were used: C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL-6). Analyses were conducted comparing LCDs vs. LFDs through weighted mean differences (WMD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using random effects models. The systematic review and meta-analysis included a total of 51 studies with a total sample of 4,164 adults, with or without other chronic diseases. Intervention durations ranged from 2-144 weeks. LCDs, compared with LFDs, significantly decreased body weight [WMD = -1.35%, p = 0.001], CRP [SMD = -0.1, p = 0.03], and IL-6 [SMD = -0.15, p = 0.09]. However, LCDs did not significantly decrease TNF-α [SMD = -0.02, p = 0.7] compared to LFDs. In conclusion, LCDs have a beneficial effect on markers of inflammation by decreasing CRP and IL-6; this effect has an association with weight loss. However, LCDs were not more effective than LFDs in decreasing TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Department of Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Heitor O Santos
- Postgraduate Program, Faculdade UNIGUAÇU, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
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Găman MA, Srichawla BS, Chen YF, Roy P, Dhali A, Nahian A, Manan MR, Kipkorir V, Suteja RC, Simhachalam Kutikuppala LV, Găman AM, Diaconu CC. Overview of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in myeloproliferative neoplasms. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:717-729. [PMID: 38946827 PMCID: PMC11212607 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i6.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) occur due to the abnormal proliferation of one or more terminal myeloid cell lines in peripheral blood. Subjects suffering from MPNs display a high burden of cardiovascular risk factors, and thrombotic events are often the cause of death in this population of patients. Herein, we provide a brief overview of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome and their epidemiology in MPNs and examine the common molecular mechanisms between dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and MPNs, with a special focus on cardiovascular risk, atherosclerosis, and thrombotic events. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome on the occurrence and survival of thrombosis in MPN patients, as well as the management of dyslipidemia in MPNs, and the impact of MPN treatment on serum lipid concentrations, particularly as side/adverse effects reported in the context of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest 022328, Romania
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Bahadar Singh Srichawla
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
| | - Yong-Feng Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Poulami Roy
- Department of Medicine, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal 734012, India
| | - Arkadeep Dhali
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S5 7AU, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Nahian
- Lecom at Seton Hill, Greensburg, PA 15601, United States
| | | | - Vincent Kipkorir
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | | | | | - Amelia Maria Găman
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania
- Clinic of Hematology, Filantropia City Hospital, Craiova 200143, Romania
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest 105402, Romania
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Boccia F, Iossa D, Leonardi S, Peluso AM, Bertolino L, Patauner F, Palmieri E, Boenzi R, Zampino R, Durante-Mangoni E. Clinical correlates of circulating small dense low-density lipoproteins in acute infective endocarditis. Infection 2024; 52:935-944. [PMID: 38114685 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Infective endocarditis (IE) is a complex thrombo-inflammatory disorder, the pathogenesis of which involves a multifaceted interplay between vascular damage and bacterial virulence factors. This study aimed to assess the prognostic role of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol in patients with IE and its correlation with various disease-related features. METHODS A cohort of 198 patients with definite IE was included in this study. Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters were meticulously analyzed, with a specific focus on comorbidities. sdLDL levels were measured using stored plasma samples obtained upon admission during the acute phase of the disease. RESULTS The median level of sdLDL was 24 mg/dL [with an interquartile range of 17.9-35.2 mg/dL], and this value showed a statistically significant positive correlation with LDL/HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (p < 0.01 for all). Furthermore, a remarkable inverse correlation between C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels was observed (p < 0.0001). Univariate analysis revealed that patients with sdLDL levels ≤ 24 mg/dL had 2.75 times higher odds of in-hospital mortality (95% Confidence Interval:1.08-6.98, p = 0.031). In addition, nonsurvivors had significantly lower median sdLDL levels (19.7 vs. 26.0 mg/dL, p = 0.041). Lower sdLDL levels were also associated with embolic complications, larger vegetation size, and positive blood cultures for Staphylococci (p = 0.019, p = 0.022, and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Low circulating sdLDL levels in the acute phase of IE were significantly correlated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. These results suggest that the sdLDL level may serve as an important marker of disease severity in IE and may represent a link between vascular damage, embolic complications, and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Boccia
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Iossa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
- Unit of Infectious and Transplant Medicine, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli-Ospedale Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Leonardi
- Unit of Clinical Biochemistry, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Peluso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bertolino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabian Patauner
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Emilio Palmieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Rita Boenzi
- Unit of Clinical Biochemistry, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Zampino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
- Unit of Infectious and Transplant Medicine, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli-Ospedale Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.
- Unit of Infectious and Transplant Medicine, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli-Ospedale Monaldi, Naples, Italy.
- Ospedale Monaldi, Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Zhu X, Chen Y, Zhu M, Hu J. The Relationship Between Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1523-1532. [PMID: 38576450 PMCID: PMC10992673 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s450783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prior research has established an association between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and dyslipidemia, serving as a significant marker for predicting cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the connection between sdLDL-C and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 23,187 individuals who underwent health checkups at Taizhou Hospital's health management center. Here, we investigated the relationship between sdLDL-C and MetS, along with its components, utilizing Spearman correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, logistic regression, and mediation analysis. Results The MetS group exhibited significantly higher level of sdLDL-C compared to the non-MetS group (P<0.001). We observed a strong correlation between sdLDL-C and several key factors: TG (r = 0.711), TC (r = 0.672), LDL-C (r = 0.781), GGT (r = 0.420), and HDL-C (r = -0.417). After adjusting for age and gender, the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for MetS incidence in the second, third, and fourth quartiles versus the first quartile of sdLDL-C concentration were 2.264 (95% CI: 1.851, 2.770), 4.053 (95% CI: 3.350, 4.903), and 9.034 (95% CI: 7.531, 10.837). The optimal cut-off value for diagnosing MetS using sdLDL-C was determined to be 0.98 mmol/L, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.716 (95% CI: 0.705, 0.726). Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that sdLDL-C mediated a 12.8% correlation between GGT and TG concentration. Conclusion The sdLDL-C is correlated with MetS and it can successfully mediate the relationship between GGT and TG. Our data suggests that sdLDL-c and GGT are suitable parameters for preventing and monitoring MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingan Zhu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxi Hu
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Santos HO, Tinsley GM. Is breakfast consumption detrimental, unnecessary, or an opportunity for health promotion? A review of cardiometabolic outcomes and functional food choices. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3684. [PMID: 37395322 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Breakfast consumption is generally considered a health-promoting habit for cardiometabolism, particularly with regard to chrononutrition. Glucose uptake is enhanced by proper insulin secretion triggered by the pancreatic clock, averting metabolic dysregulation related to insulin resistance. Breakfast skipping, in turn, is often considered a behaviour detrimental to health, in part due to putative inverse metabolic actions compared to breakfast consumption, such that breakfast skipping may promote circadian desynchrony. However, most ill health concerns about breakfast skipping are inferred from observational research, and recent well-controlled randomized clinical trials have shown benefits of breakfast skipping for cardiovascular risk factors. Accordingly, this review describes the effects of breakfast consumption versus breakfast skipping on cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure and glycaemic and lipid indices). In addition, the view of breakfast consumption as an opportunity for functional food ingestion is considered to provide further insights into decision-making practice. Collectively, both breakfast consumption and breakfast skipping can be considered viable habits, but they depend on individual preferences, planning, and the specific foods being consumed or omitted. When consumed, breakfast should consist primarily of functional foods typical for this meal (e.g., eggs, dairy products, nuts, fruits, whole grains, coffee, tea, etc.). While breakfast consumption aligns with chrononutrition principles, breakfast skipping can contribute to a calorie deficit over time, which has the potential for widespread cardiometabolic benefits for patients with overweight/obesity. The concepts and practical considerations discussed in the present review may aid health care personnel in personalising breakfast consumption recommendations for diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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11
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Chou TH, Cheng CH, Lo CJ, Young GH, Liu SH, Wang RYL. New Advances in Rapid Pretreatment for Small Dense LDL Cholesterol Measurement Using Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave (SH-SAW) Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1044. [PMID: 38256117 PMCID: PMC10816817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arteries associated with alterations in lipid and other metabolism and is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). LDL consists of several subclasses with different sizes, densities, and physicochemical compositions. Small dense LDL (sd-LDL) is a subclass of LDL. There is growing evidence that sd-LDL-C is associated with CVD risk, metabolic dysregulation, and several pathophysiological processes. In this study, we present a straightforward membrane device filtration method that can be performed with simple laboratory methods to directly determine sd-LDL in serum without the need for specialized equipment. The method consists of three steps: first, the precipitation of lipoproteins with magnesium harpin; second, the collection of effluent from a 100 nm filter; and third, the quantification of sd-LDL-ApoB in the effluent with an SH-SAW biosensor. There was a good correlation between ApoB values obtained using the centrifugation (y = 1.0411x + 12.96, r = 0.82, n = 20) and filtration (y = 1.0633x + 15.13, r = 0.88, n = 20) methods and commercially available sd-LDL-C assay values. In addition to the filtrate method, there was also a close correlation between sd-LDL-C and ELISA assay values (y = 1.0483x - 4489, r = 0.88, n = 20). The filtration treatment method also showed a high correlation with LDL subfractions and NMR spectra ApoB measurements (y = 2.4846x + 4.637, r = 0.89, n = 20). The presence of sd-LDL-ApoB in the effluent was also confirmed by ELISA assay. These results suggest that this filtration method is a simple and promising pretreatment for use with the SH-SAW biosensor as a rapid in vitro diagnostic (IVD) method for predicting sd-LDL concentrations. Overall, we propose a very sensitive and specific SH-SAW biosensor with the ApoB antibody in its sensitive region to monitor sd-LDL levels by employing a simple delay-time phase shifted SH-SAW device. In conclusion, based on the demonstration of our study, the SH-SAW biosensor could be a strong candidate for the future measurement of sd-LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hua Chou
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (G.-H.Y.)
| | - Chia-Hsuan Cheng
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi 432-8561, Japan;
- tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324403, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Huar Young
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (G.-H.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Heng Liu
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (G.-H.Y.)
- tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324403, Taiwan
| | - Robert Y-L Wang
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (G.-H.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial and Children’s Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
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12
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Kazeminasab F, Baharlooie M, Karimi B, Mokhtari K, Rosenkranz SK, Santos HO. Effects of intermittent fasting combined with physical exercise on cardiometabolic outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad155. [PMID: 38102800 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Different intermittent fasting (IF) protocols have been proven to be efficient in improving cardiometabolic markers, but further research is needed to examine whether or not combining IF regimens plus physical exercise is superior to control diets (ie, nonfasting eating) plus physical exercise in this setting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether or not combining IF plus exercise interventions is more favorable than a control diet plus exercise for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes. DATA SOURCE PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched until April 2023. DATA EXTRACTION Electronic databases were searched for clinical trials that determined the effect of IF plus exercise vs a control diet plus exercise on body weight, lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglycerides, and total cholesterol), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively). Analyses were conducted for IF plus exercise vs a nonfasting diet plus exercise to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs). DATA ANALYSIS The meta-analysis included a total of 14 studies, with a total sample of 360 adults with or without obesity. The duration ranged from 4 to 52 weeks. IF plus exercise decreased body weight (WMD = -1.83 kg; P = 0.001), LDL (WMD = -5.35 mg/dL; P = 0.03), and SBP (WMD = -2.99 mm Hg; P = 0.003) significantly more than a control diet plus exercise. HDL (WMD = 1.57 mg/dL; P = 0.4) and total cholesterol (WMD = -2.24 mg/dL; P = 0.3) did not change significantly for IF plus exercise vs a control diet plus exercise, but there was a trend for reducing triglycerides (WMD = -13.13 mg/dL; P = 0.07) and DBP (WMD = 2.13 mm Hg; P = 0.05), which shows clinical magnitude. CONCLUSION IF plus exercise improved some cardiometabolic outcomes (body weight, blood pressure, and lipid profile) compared with a control diet plus exercise. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023423878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Baharlooie
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Karimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khatereh Mokhtari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Chen S, Li Z, Li H, Zeng X, Yuan H, Li Y. Novel lipid biomarkers and ratios as risk predictors for premature coronary artery disease: A retrospective analysis of 2952 patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:1172-1184. [PMID: 37986641 PMCID: PMC10710552 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between emerging lipid biomarkers (small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [sdLDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and free fatty acids [FFA]), two ratios (sdLDL-C/LDL-C and the triglyceride-glucose [TyG) index), and the Gensini score (GS) in patients with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) in relation to the extent of coronary stenosis. The authors evaluated a cohort of 2952 individuals undergoing coronary angiography (CAG), encompassing those with PCAD (n = 1749), late-onset coronary artery disease (LCAD; n = 328), and non-coronary artery disease (non-CAD; n = 575). Noteworthy differences were observed in the levels of the novel lipid biomarkers and ratio indexes among the PCAD, LCAD, and non-CAD groups (p < .05). Multiple logistic regression analyses pinpointed Lp(a) (OR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.22-5.63, p = .014) and the TyG index (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.08-5.93, p = .033) as independent risk factors for PCAD. Furthermore, these biomarkers and ratio indexes discerned substantial distinctions among PCAD patients with varying GS (p < .05). Consequently, these markers can proficiently anticipate the gravity of coronary artery stenosis (GS > 40) in PCAD patients, as evidenced by the ROC analysis. In conclusion, sdLDL-C, Lp(a), FFA, and the sdLDL-C/LDL-C and TyG indexes have considerable potential as risk and diagnostic markers for coronary artery stenosis in individuals afflicted with PCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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14
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McClements IF, McClements DJ. Designing healthier plant-based foods: Fortification, digestion, and bioavailability. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112853. [PMID: 37254427 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Many consumers are incorporating more plant-based foods into their diets as a result of concerns about the environmental, ethical, and health impacts of animal sourced foods like meat, seafood, egg, and dairy products. Foods derived from animals negatively impact the environment by increasing greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use, pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. The livestock industry confines and slaughters billions of livestock animals each year. There are concerns about the negative impacts of some animal sourced foods, such as red meat and processed meat, on human health. The livestock industry is a major user of antibiotics, which is leading to a rise in the resistance of several pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics. It is often assumed that a plant-based diet is healthier than one containing more animal sourced foods, but this is not necessarily the case. Eating more fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grain cereals has been linked to improved health outcomes but it is unclear whether next-generation plant-based foods, such as meat, seafood, egg, and dairy analogs are healthier than the products they are designed to replace. Many of these new products are highly processed foods that contain high levels of saturated fat, sugar, starch, and salt, and low levels of micronutrients, nutraceuticals, and dietary fibers. Moreover, they are often rapidly digested in the gastrointestinal tract because processing disrupts plant tissues and releases the macronutrients. Consequently, it is important to formulate plant-based foods to reduce the levels of nutrients linked to adverse health effects and increase the levels linked to beneficial health effects. Moreover, it is important to design the food matrix so that the macronutrients are not digested and absorbed too quickly, but the micronutrients are highly bioavailable. In this article, we discuss how next-generation plant-based foods can be made healthier by controlling their nutrient profile, digestibility, and bioavailability.
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15
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Ratajczak J, Kubica A, Michalski P, Pietrzykowski Ł, Białczyk A, Kosobucka-Ozdoba A, Bergmann K, Buczkowski K, Krintus M, Jankowski P, Kubica J. Determinants of Lipid Parameters in Patients without Diagnosed Cardiovascular Disease-Results of the Polish Arm of the EUROASPIRE V Survey. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2738. [PMID: 37048821 PMCID: PMC10095493 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the determinants of lipid parameters in primary care patients without diagnosed cardiovascular disease (CVD), a cross-sectional study was conducted during 2018-2019 with a total of 200 patients. The following lipid parameters were measured: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), small, dense LDL (sdLDL-C), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)). Predictors of elevated and adequately controlled lipid parameters were assessed with logistic regression analysis. Older age was related to higher risk of TC ≥ 6.2 mmol/L [OR 1.03 (95% CI 1.0-1.05)], sdLDL-C ≥ 1.0 mmol/L [OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.0-1.1)], and decreased risk of Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL [OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.94-0.99)]. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) had increased probability of TG ≥ 2.25 mmol/L [OR 3.77 (95% CI 1.34-10.6)] and Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL [OR 2.97 (1.34-6.10)] as well as adequate control of TG and Lp(a). Higher material status was related to lower risk of TC ≥ 6.2 mmol/L [OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.04-0.82)] and LDL-C ≥ 3.6 mmol/L [OR 0.33 (95% CI 0.12-0.92)]. High BMI was related to increased [OR 1.14 (95% CI 1.02-1.29)], and female gender [OR 0.33 (95% CI 0.12-0.96)] and hypertension [OR 0.29 (95% CI 0.1-0.87)] to decreased risk of TG ≥ 2.25 mmol/L [OR 1.14 (95% CI 1.02-1.29)]. Taking lipid-lowering drugs (LLD) was associated with LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L [OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.05-4.19)] and Lp(a) < 30 mg/dL [OR 0.48 (95% CI 0.25-0.93)]. Physical activity was related to LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L [OR 2.02 (95% CI 1.02-3.98)]. Higher abdominal circumference was associated with decreased risk of TG < 1.7 mmol/L [OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.93-0.99)]. Elevated lipid parameters were related to age, gender, material status, BMI, history of DM, and hypertension. Adequate control was associated with age, education, physical activity, LLD, history of DM, and abdominal circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Ratajczak
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Health Promotion, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aldona Kubica
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Health Promotion, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Michalski
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Health Promotion, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pietrzykowski
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Health Promotion, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Białczyk
- Students’ Scientific Circle of Cardiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agata Kosobucka-Ozdoba
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Health Promotion, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bergmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Buczkowski
- Department of Family Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krintus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Kubica
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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16
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Protective effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg2 on atherosclerosis. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:237-245. [PMID: 36926610 PMCID: PMC10014178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) has a variety of pharmacological activities and provides benefits during inflammation, cancer, and other diseases. However, there are no reports about the relationship between Rg2 and atherosclerosis. Methods We used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to detect the cell viability of Rg2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression of inflammatory factors in HUVECs and the expression of phenotypic transformation-related marker in VSMCs were detected at mRNA levels. Western blot method was used to detect the expression of inflammation pathways and the expression of phenotypic transformation at the protein levels. The rat carotid balloon injury model was performed to explore the effect of Rg2 on inflammation and phenotypic transformation in vivo. Results Rg2 decreased the expression of inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharide in HUVECs-without affecting cell viability. These events depend on the blocking regulation of NF-κB and p-ERK signaling pathway. In VSMCs, Rg2 can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs induced by platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-which may contribute to its anti-atherosclerotic role. In rats with carotid balloon injury, Rg2 can reduce intimal proliferation after injury, regulate the inflammatory pathway to reduce inflammatory response, and also suppress the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. Conclusion These results suggest that Rg2 can exert its anti-atherosclerotic effect at the cellular level and animal level, which provides a more sufficient basis for ginseng as a functional dietary regulator.
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Prognostic Implication of Small Dense LDL-Cholesterol Levels following Acute Coronary Syndrome. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59010158. [PMID: 36676782 PMCID: PMC9861894 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Small dense LDL cholesterol is a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, few studies have investigated the impacts of this specific lipid profile on the incident risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Materials and Methods: Patients with acute coronary syndrome, who underwent revascularization, were included and followed for 2 years. The levels of small dense LDL cholesterol were measured at index discharge (day 0) in the setting of newly administered therapies for secondary prevention, including aspirin and statins, during the index hospitalization. The prognostic impact of small dense LDL-cholesterol levels on the risk of a primary composite endpoint, including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, stroke, and heart failure, was investigated. Results: In total, 46 patients (median 75 (59, 83) years old, 63% men) were included. Median small dense LDL cholesterol was 19.4 (13.5, 23.8) mg/dL at index discharge. All patients initiated statin treatment before the index discharge, with a median LDL-cholesterol level of 77 (64, 109) mg/dL. Small dense LDL-cholesterol level was independently associated with an incremental risk for the primary endpoint (p < 0.05 by adjusting for several potential risk factors, including LDL cholesterol) with a cutoff of 32.6 mg/dL. Conclusions: Small dense LDL-cholesterol level was a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events following presentations of acute coronary syndrome.
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Kord-Varkaneh H, Salehi-Sahlabadi A, Tinsley GM, Santos HO, Hekmatdoost A. Effects of time-restricted feeding (16/8) combined with a low-sugar diet on the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2023; 105:111847. [PMID: 36257081 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging studies have employed time-restricted feeding (TRF) and a low-sugar diet alone in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but their combination has not been tested. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TRF combined with a low-sugar diet on NAFLD parameters, cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, and body composition in patients with NAFLD. METHODS A 12-wk randomized controlled trial was performed to compare the effects of TRF (16 h fasting/8 h feeding daily [16/8]) plus a low-sugar diet versus a control diet based on traditional meal distribution in patients with NAFLD. Changes in body composition, anthropometric indices, and liver and cardiometabolic markers were investigated. RESULTS TRF 16/8 with a low-sugar diet reduced body fat (26.7 ± 5.4 to 24.2 ± 4.9 kg), body weight (83.8 ± 12.7 to 80.5 ± 12.1 kg), waist circumference (104.59 ± 10.47 to 101.91 ± 7.42 cm), and body mass index (29.1 ± 2.6 to 28 ± 2.7 kg/m2), as well as circulating levels of fasting blood glucose and liver (alanine aminotransferase, 34 ± 13.9 to 21.2 ± 5.4 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase, 26.3 ± 6.2 to 20.50 ± 4 U/L; γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, 33 ± 15 to 23.2 ± 11.1 U/L; fibrosis score, 6.3 ± 1 to 5.2 ± 1.2 kPa; and controlled attenuation parameter, 322.9 ± 34.9 to 270.9 ± 36.2 dB/m), lipids (triacylglycerols, 201.5 ± 35.3 to 133.3 ± 48.7 mg/dL; total cholesterol, 190 ± 36.6 to 157.8 ± 33.6 mg/dL; and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 104.6 ± 27.3 to 84 ± 26.3 mg/dL), and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 3.1 ± 1.1 to 2 ± 0.9 mg/L; and cytokeratin-18, 1.35 ± 0.03 to 1.16 ± 0.03 ng/mL). These results were statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS TRF plus a low-sugar diet can reduce adiposity and improve liver, lipid, and inflammatory markers in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ammar Salehi-Sahlabadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sun F, Zhao W, Shen H, Fan N, Zhang J, Liu Q, Xu C, Luo J, Zhao M, Chen Y, Lam KWK, Yang X, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Sun J, Zhang H, Tang BZ. Design of Smart Aggregates: Toward Rapid Clinical Diagnosis of Hyperlipidemia in Human Blood. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207671. [PMID: 36134528 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular aggregates with environmental responsive properties are desired for their wide practical applications such as bioprobes. Here, a series of smart near-infrared (NIR) luminogens for hyperlipidemia (HLP) diagnosis is reported. The aggregates of these molecules exhibit a twisted intramolecular charge-transfer effect in aqueous media, but aggregation-induced emission in highly viscous media due to the restriction of the intramolecular motion. These aggregates, which can autonomously respond to different environments via switching the aggregation state without changing their chemical structures are described, as "smart aggregates". Intriguingly, these luminogens demonstrate NIR-II and NIR-III luminescence with ultralarge Stokes shifts (>950 nm). Both in vitro detection and in vivo imaging of HLP can be realized in a mouse model. Linear relationships exist between the emission intensity and multiple pathological parameters in blood samples of HLP patients. Thus, the design of smart aggregate facilitates rapid and accurate detection of HLP and provides a promising attempt in aggregate science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Hanchen Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ni Fan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Changhuo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Mengying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Kristy W K Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
- Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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20
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Santos HO, Cerqueira HS, Tinsley GM. The Effects of Dietary Supplements, Nutraceutical Agents, and Physical Exercise on Myostatin Levels: Hope or Hype? Metabolites 2022; 12:1146. [PMID: 36422286 PMCID: PMC9695935 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Myostatin, a secreted growth factor belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, performs a role in hindering muscle growth by inhibiting protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and the associated activation of hypertrophy pathways (e.g., IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway). In addition to pharmacological agents, some supplements and nutraceutical agents have demonstrated modulatory effects on myostatin levels; however, the clinical magnitude must be appraised with skepticism before translating the mechanistic effects into muscle hypertrophy outcomes. Here, we review the effects of dietary supplements, nutraceutical agents, and physical exercise on myostatin levels, addressing the promise and pitfalls of relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to draw clinical conclusions. RCTs involving both clinical and sports populations were considered, along with wasting muscle disorders (e.g., sarcopenia) and resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy, irrespective of disease status. Animal models were considered only to expand the mechanisms of action, and observational data were consulted to elucidate potential cutoff values. Collectively, the effects of dietary supplements, nutraceutical agents, and physical exercise on myostatin mRNA expression in skeletal muscle and serum myostatin levels are not uniform, and there may be reductions, increases, or neutral effects. Large amounts of research using resistance protocols shows that supplements or functional foods do not clearly outperform placebo for modulating myostatin levels. Thus, despite some biological hope in using supplements or certain functional foods to decrease myostatin levels, caution must be exercised not to propagate the hope of the food supplement market, select health professionals, and laypeople.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O. Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil
| | | | - Grant M. Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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21
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Fatahi S, Sayyari AA, Salehi M, Safa M, Sohouli M, Shidfar F, Santos HO. The effects of chitosan supplementation on anthropometric indicators of obesity, lipid and glycemic profiles, and appetite-regulated hormones in adolescents with overweight or obesity: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:527. [PMID: 36064382 PMCID: PMC9442917 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chitosan is one of dietary fiber that has received great attention in improving obesity-related markers, but little is known on its effects on adolescents. Objectives To analyze the effects of chitosan supplementation on obesity-related cardiometabolic markers and appetite-related hormones in adolescents with overweight or obesity. Methods and analysis A randomized clinical trial was performed on 64 adolescents with overweight and obesity, who were randomly allocated to receive chitosan supplementation (n = 32) or placebo as control (n = 32) for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures, lipid and glycemic profiles, and appetite-related hormones were examined. Results Sixty-one participants completed study (chitosan = 31, placebo = 30). Chitosan supplementation significantly improved anthropometric indicators of obesity (body weight: − 3.58 ± 2.17 kg, waist circumference: − 5.00 ± 3.11 cm, and body mass index: − 1.61 ± 0.99 kg/m2 and − 0.28 ± 0.19 Z-score), lipid (triglycerides: − 5.67 ± 9.24, total cholesterol: − 14.12 ± 13.34, LDL-C: − 7.18 ± 10.16, and HDL-C: 1.83 ± 4.64 mg/dL) and glycemic markers (insulin: − 5.51 ± 7.52 μIU/mL, fasting blood glucose: − 5.77 ± 6.93 mg/dL, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: − 0.24 ± 0.44), and appetite-related hormones (adiponectin: 1.69 ± 2.13 ng/dL, leptin − 19.40 ± 16.89, and neuropeptide Y: − 41.96 ± 79.34 ng/dL). When compared with the placebo group, chitosan supplementation had greater improvement in body weight, body mass index (kg/m2 and Z-score), waist circumference, as well as insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels. Differences were significant according to P-value < 0.05. Conclusion Chitosan supplementation can improve cardiometabolic parameters (anthropometric indicators of obesity and lipid and glycemic markers) and appetite-related hormones (adiponectin, leptin, and NPY) in adolescents with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Sayyari
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadhassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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22
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Papadopoulou E, Nicolescu A, Haug LS, Husøy T, Deleanu C, Dirven H, Lindeman B. Lipoprotein profiles associated with exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the EuroMix human biomonitoring study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119664. [PMID: 35738521 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is associated with increased blood cholesterol. Although elevated cholesterol is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), it is not clear whether PFASs affect this risk. Lipoprotein subclasses are emerging biomarkers for disease risk and lipoprotein profiling may provide an insight to physiological implications of PFAS exposure. We explored the association between serum PFAS concentrations and lipoprotein subclasses in a cross-sectional study. We determined the concentrations and lipid composition of the major subclasses of lipoproteins in plasma samples from 127 adult participants of the EuroMix human biomonitoring study by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Serum concentrations of 17 PFASs showed a detection frequency between 30 and 100% and were included in further analyses. We examined the associations between PFAS concentrations and lipoprotein subclasses by linear mixed-effect regression models, adjusted for confounders. In the adjusted models, positive associations were found between several PFASs and cholesterol concentrations in large to medium sized HDL and medium sized LDL particles. We found a 4-12% increase in HDL cholesterol per interquartile range (IQR) increase for several PFASs. In women the associations with PFNA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA and PFOS were significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Similar magnitude of change was observed between longer chained PFASs and LDL cholesterol, and a few of these associations reached significance for cholesterol in large to medium LDL particle sizes in women. No significant associations with plasma triglycerides were observed. However, most PFASs tended to be associated with reduction in VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins) particle number and VLDL triglyceride. Findings from this exploratory study, suggest that background PFAS exposures influence particle size distributions and lipid composition of plasma lipoprotein subclasses, and that these effects may be more prominent in women. A two-points lipoprofiling for all subjects indicated both low intra-individual variability and good analytical reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadopoulou
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Alina Nicolescu
- "C.D. Nenitescu" Centre of Organic Chemistry, Spl. Independentei 202-B, RO-060023, Bucharest, Romania; "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41-A, RO-700487, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Line S Haug
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trine Husøy
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Calin Deleanu
- "C.D. Nenitescu" Centre of Organic Chemistry, Spl. Independentei 202-B, RO-060023, Bucharest, Romania; "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41-A, RO-700487, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Birgitte Lindeman
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
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23
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Duarte AC, Spiazzi BF, Zingano CP, Merello EN, Wayerbacher LF, Teixeira PP, Farenzena LP, de Araujo C, Amazarray CR, Colpani V, Gerchman F. The effects of coconut oil on the cardiometabolic profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:83. [PMID: 36045407 PMCID: PMC9429773 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite having a 92% concentration of saturated fatty acid composition, leading to an apparently unfavorable lipid profile, body weight and glycemic effect, coconut oil is consumed worldwide. Thus, we conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to analyze the effect of coconut oil intake on different cardiometabolic outcomes. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, and LILACS for RCTs conducted prior to April 2022. We included RCTs that compared effects of coconut oil intake with other substances on anthropometric and metabolic profiles in adults published in all languages, and excluded non-randomized trials and short follow-up studies. Risk of bias was assessed with the RoB 2 tool and certainty of evidence with GRADE. Where possible, we performed meta-analyses using a random-effects model. Results We included seven studies in the meta-analysis (n = 515; 50% females, follow up from 4 weeks to 2 years). The amount of coconut oil consumed varied and is expressed differently among studies: 12 to 30 ml of coconut oil/day (n = 5), as part of the amount of SFAs or total daily consumed fat (n = 1), a variation of 6 to 54.4 g/day (n = 5), or as part of the total caloric energy intake (15 to 21%) (n = 6). Coconut oil intake did not significantly decrease body weight (MD -0.24 kg, 95% CI -0.83 kg to 0.34 kg), waist circumference (MD -0.64 cm, 95% CI -1.69 cm to 0.41 cm), and % body fat (-0.10%, 95% CI -0.56% to 0.36%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD -1.67 mg/dL, 95% CI -6.93 to 3.59 mg/dL), and triglyceride (TG) levels (MD -0.24 mg/dL, 95% CI -5.52 to 5.04 mg/dL). However, coconut oil intake was associated with a small increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (MD 3.28 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.66 to 5.90 mg/dL). Overall risk of bias was high, and certainty of evidence was very-low. Study limitations include the heterogeneity of intervention methods, in addition to small samples and short follow-ups, which undermine the effects of dietary intervention in metabolic parameters. Conclusions Coconut oil intake revealed no clinically relevant improvement in lipid profile and body composition compared to other oils/fats. Strategies to advise the public on the consumption of other oils, not coconut oil, due to proven cardiometabolic benefits should be implemented. Registration PROSPERO CRD42018081461. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01685-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Duarte
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Frison Spiazzi
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Pires Zingano
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Nunes Merello
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Fink Wayerbacher
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Portal Teixeira
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Penso Farenzena
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carina de Araujo
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmen Raya Amazarray
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Verônica Colpani
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Research Projects Office, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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24
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Kord Varkaneh H, Salehi Sahlabadi A, Găman MA, Rajabnia M, Sedanur Macit-Çelebi M, Santos HO, Hekmatdoost A. Effects of the 5:2 intermittent fasting diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:948655. [PMID: 35958257 PMCID: PMC9360602 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.948655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Dietary regimens are crucial in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effects of intermittent fasting (IF) have gained attention in this regard, but further research is warranted. Thus, we aimed to ascertain the overall effects of the 5:2 IF diet (5 days a week of normal food intake and 2 consecutive fasting days) in patients with NAFLD compared to a control group (usual diet). Methods and results A 12-week randomized controlled trial was performed to evaluate the effects of the 5:2 IF diet on anthropometric indices, body composition, liver indices, serum lipids, glucose metabolism, and inflammatory markers in patients with NAFLD. The IF group (n = 21) decreased body weight (86.65 ± 12.57–82.94 ± 11.60 kg), body mass index (30.42 ± 2.27–29.13 ± 1.95 kg/m2), waist circumference (103.52 ± 6.42–100.52 ± 5.64 cm), fat mass (26.64 ± 5.43–23.85 ± 5.85 kg), fibrosis (6.97 ± 1.94–5.58 ± 1.07 kPa), steatosis scores/CAP (313.09 ± 25.45–289.95 ± 22.36 dB/m), alanine aminotransferase (41.42 ± 20.98–28.38 ± 15.21 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (34.19 ± 10.88–25.95 ± 7.26 U/L), triglycerides (171.23 ± 39.88–128.04 ± 34.88 mg/dl), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (2.95 ± 0.62 −2.40 ± 0.64 mg/L), and cytokeratin-18 (1.32 ± 0.06–1.19 ± 0.05 ng/ml) values compared to the baseline and the end of the control group (n = 23)—p ≤ 0.05 were considered as significant. However, the intervention did not change the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA-IR, and total antioxidant capacity. Conclusion Adhering to the 5:2 IF diet can reduce weight loss and related parameters (fat mass and anthropometric indicators of obesity), as well as hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes, triglycerides, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kord Varkaneh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ammar Salehi Sahlabadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mohsen Rajabnia
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Effect of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Supplementation on Vascular Endothelial Cell Morphology and Function in Patients with Dyslipidaemia—A Preliminary Observation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142879. [PMID: 35889835 PMCID: PMC9315791 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Flaxseed has a characteristic fatty acids composition and unique phytonutrient profile that may have health-promoting properties. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of 10 weeks of supplementation with the flaxseed (28 g/day) on endothelial cells (EC) function, serum lipids and proinflammatory mediators in patients with mild and severe dyslipidaemia. Materials and methods: Eleven lean patients with severe dyslipidaemia treated with apheresis (group 1; 10 weeks treated in four phases: (i) ordinary diet, (ii) ordinary diet + flaxseed, (iii) ordinary diet (wash out), (iv) ordinary diet + placebo) and eleven obese patients with mild dyslipidaemia—not treated with apheresis (group 2; 10 weeks treated in two phases: (i) ordinary diet, (ii) low fat diet + flaxseed). Flaxseed was given blindly. Serum was collected at the end of each phase of the study. ECs were exposed in vitro to the medium supplemented with pooled serum taken from patients from both groups to detect their morphological changes using light and electron microscopy. ECs proliferation was also measured at the end of each study phase. Results: Serum vascular endothelial growth factor was decreased after flaxseed supplementation but only in group 1. ECs proliferation was increased after flaxseed supplementation only in obese patients. ECs exposed to medium supplemented with obese patients’ serum revealed the following cellular abnormalities: accumulation of lipid droplets, changes of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and flaxseed did not reverse observed changes. At the same time, flaxseed supplementation decreases total cholesterol in both tested groups, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in group 1 and triglycerides in group 2. Conclusions: Our findings support the potential role of flaxseed in treating dyslipidaemia but indicate only a slight impact on endothelial cell function.
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26
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Liu Z, Shao M, Ren J, Qiu Y, Li S, Cao W. Association Between Increased Lipid Profiles and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Population-Based Case-Control Study. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3433-3446. [PMID: 35711238 PMCID: PMC9197172 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s361613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to investigate the association between lipid profiles and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Patients and Methods This case-control study, which was conducted between November 2019 and August 2021, comprised 309 patients with DR, 186 patients with diabetes mellitus, and 172 healthy controls. Serum cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TRIG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small dense LDL-C (SDLDL-C), apolipoprotein A (APOA), APOB, APOE and lipoprotein (a)(LPA) levels were assessed. Patients were divided into two groups according to median age and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between lipid levels and DR. Results CHOL, TRIG, HDL-C, APOB, APOE, and SDLDL-C levels were significantly higher in the DR group than in the healthy control group, and TRIG levels were lower in the DR group than in the DM group (P < 0.05), especially in the ≤57-year-old and the HbA1c ≤7.2% subgroups. Linear regression analyses showed that CHOL, TRIG, APOA, APOB, APOE, and SDLDL-C levels were associated with HbA1c levels. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that CHOL (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.112–1.566), TRIG (OR = 1.269, 95% CI = 1.030–1.563), HDL-C (OR = 43.744, 95% CI = 17.12–111.769), APOB (OR = 7.037, 95% CI = 3.370–14.695), APOE (OR = 1.057, 95% CI = 1.038–1.077), and SDLDL-C (OR = 14.719, 95% CI = 8.304–26.088) levels were risk factors for DR (P < 0.05). Conclusion Increased lipid levels were risk factors for DR, and lipid level control should be strengthened, especially in younger adults or in patients with HbA1c ≤7.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Grinshtein YI, Shabalin VV, Ruf RR, Shalnova SA, Drapkina OM. Atherogenic index of plasma as an additional marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2022. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. Using a representative sample of the Krasnoyarsk Krai population, to evaluate the distribution of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), logarithmically transformed ratio of molar concentrations of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and to identify possible associations between AIP, various cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic parameters.Material and methods. The study included a random representative sample of 1603 residents of the Krasnoyarsk and Berezovsky rural district aged 25-64 years as part of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study. Statistical processing was performed using IBM SPSS v22 and Microsoft Excel 2021 programs. We assessed the prevalence of hypertension (HTN), coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and renal dysfunction in the whole sample and in groups with different risk depending on AIP. Differences between groups were tested by Yates’s chi-squared test and were considered significant at p≤0,05.Results. Depending on AIP value, 73,5% of participants were in the low-risk group (AIP <0,10), 10,4% — in moderate risk group (AIP, 0,100,24) and 16,1% — in high-risk group (AIP>0,24). The prevalence of prior MI or stroke in the moderate and high-risk group for AIP was significantly higher than in the low-risk group (p=0,024). A regular increase in HTN prevalence was registered from 42,6% in the lowrisk group to 71,4% in the high-risk group for AIP (p<0,001 for all). There was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with a combination of HTN + elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as AIP risk increased — from 28,4% at low risk to 45,2% at high risk. There were no significant differences between AIP risk groups in the prevalence of coronary artery disease and renal dysfunction.Conclusion. AIP is a simple additional estimated parameter that characterizes the atherogenic properties of plasma. Based on a cohort of Krasnoyarsk Krai subjects, an elevated level of AIP is associated with an increased prevalence of MI and strokes. Determination of AIP may be especially useful in the case of normal baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V. V. Shabalin
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
| | - R. R. Ruf
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
| | - S. A. Shalnova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Zhang W, Yi J, Liu D, Wang Y, Jamilian P, Gaman MA, Prabahar K, Fan J. The effect of vitamin D on the lipid profile as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Exp Gerontol 2022; 161:111709. [PMID: 35090975 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Santos HO, Genario R, Tinsley GM, Ribeiro P, Carteri RB, Coelho-Ravagnani CDF, Mota JF. A scoping review of intermittent fasting, chronobiology, and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:991-1004. [PMID: 34978321 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronobiology plays a crucial role in modulating many physiologic systems in which there is nutritional synergism with meal timing. Given that intermittent fasting (IF) has grown as a flexible dietary method consisting of delayed or early eating windows, this scoping review addresses the effects of IF protocols on metabolism as they relate to clinical nutrition and the circadian system. Although nocturnal habits are associated with circadian misalignments and impaired cardiometabolic profile-and nutritional physiology is better orchestrated during the day-most findings are based on animal experiments or human studies with observational designs or acute meal tests. Well-controlled randomized clinical trials employing IF protocols of delayed or early eating windows have sometimes demonstrated clinical benefits, such as improved glycemic and lipid profiles, as well as weight loss. However, IF does not appear to be more effective than traditional diets at the group level, and its effects largely depend on energy restriction. Thus, efforts must be made to identify patient biological rhythms, preferences, routines, and medical conditions before individual dietary prescription in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Genario
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Poliana Ribeiro
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Randhall B Carteri
- Methodist University Center-Porto Alegre Institute, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - João F Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition, Goiás Federal University, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Shi H, Guo J, Xu K, Zhang F, Zhou Y. Study on the value of small dense low-density lipoprotein in predicting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the high-risk stroke population. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24278. [PMID: 35233851 PMCID: PMC8993627 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid management in people at high risk of stroke is an important measurement to prevent the occurrence of stroke. The study aims to investigate the association between sdLDL and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in high‐risk stroke populations. Methods This was a prospective study. Screened from 15,933 individuals aged >40 years in April 2013 and followed up at 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th months, 823 participants met the screening criteria and were investigated for clinical data and biochemical parameters. Results A total of 286 subjects had varying degrees of carotid stenosis, and 18 subjects experienced cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events during the two‐year follow‐up period. There was no positive correlation between sdLDL and carotid stenosis. Carotid stenosis and extent of carotid stenosis involvement did not predict cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with high‐risk stroke, while sdLDL did. The sdLDL level in the events group was significantly higher than those in the no event group (p = 0.002). In the events group, the risk of events in the fourth quartile of sdLDL was 10.136 times higher than in the first quartile (HR = 10.136, 95% CI: 1.298–79.180, p = 0.027). Conclusions sdLDL was positively correlated with the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, which can predict the occurrence of an event and provide a scientific basis for early prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlu Shi
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fujie Zhang
- Qian Xi Nan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qian Xi Nan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Jin X, Yang S, Lu J, Wu M. Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis: Relationship and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:804214. [PMID: 35224026 PMCID: PMC8866335 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.804214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) plays an important role in the formation, incidence, and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Low-density lipoproteins can be divided into two categories: large and light LDL-C and small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C). In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that sdLDL-C has a strong ability to cause AS because of its unique characteristics, such as having small-sized particles and low density. Therefore, this has become the focus of further research. However, the specific mechanisms regarding the involvement of sdLDL-C in AS have not been fully explained. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of sdLDL-C in AS by reviewing relevant literature in recent years. It was found that sdLDL-C can increase the atherogenic effect by regulating the activity of gene networks, monocytes, and enzymes. This article also reviews the research progress on the effects of sdLDL-C on endothelial function, lipid metabolism, and inflammation; it also discusses its intervention effect. Diet, exercise, and other non-drug interventions can improve sdLDL-C levels. Further, drug interventions such as statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, and niacin have also been found to improve sdLDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jin
- General Department of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- General Department of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- General Department of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Effects of a low free sugar diet on the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:987-994. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Alomar SA, Găman MA, Prabahar K, Arafah OA, Almarshood F, Baradwan S, Aboudi SAS, Abuzaid M, Almubarki AAMA, Alomar O, Al-Badawi IA, Salem H, Abu-Zaid A. The effect of tamoxifen on the lipid profile in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Exp Gerontol 2021; 159:111680. [PMID: 34973347 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The effect of tamoxifen administration on serum lipids in females remains unclear. The studies which have explored this topic have produced conflicting results, probably due to discrepancies in the length of the intervention, differences in baseline variables or other factors. To answer this research question, we decided to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of tamoxifen on the lipid profile in women. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline and Embase, from the inception of these databases up to June 2021. We used a random effects meta-analysis to generate the combined results. RESULTS The overall findings were generated from 18 eligible trials. As compared to placebo, tamoxifen led to a notable reduction of the total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -23.03 mg/dL, 95% CI: -25.94 to -20.12, P˂0.001), and the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: -18.68 mg/dL, 95% CI: -24.31 to -13.04, P˂0.001). However, tamoxifen did not alter triglycerides (TG) concentrations (WMD: +1.06 mg/dL, 95% CI: -11.08 to 13.20, P = 0.864) significantly. A pronounced reduction of the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) was noted in the RCTs with a duration of ≤52 weeks (WMD: -2.06 mg/dL) and when tamoxifen was administered in participants with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (WMD: -1.42 mg/dL). Notable reductions in TC (WMD: -23.57 mg/dL) and LDL-C (WMD: -19.21 mg/dL) was detected when the dose of tamoxifen was ≥20 mg/day. Moreover, a significant reduction of TC (WMD: -20.23 mg/dL) and LDL-C (WMD: -24.13 mg/dL) was observed in the RCTs with a duration of ≤52 weeks. CONCLUSION Tamoxifen can alter the lipid profile in females, particularly by decreasing TC, LDL-C and HDLC. Tamoxifen can further reduce TC and LDL-C if the dose of administration is ≥20 mg/day, the treatment duration is ≤52 weeks and if it prescribed in subjects with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saeed Baradwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Abdullah Saud Aboudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abuzaid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A M A Almubarki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Alomar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A Al-Badawi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Salem
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
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Pechlaner R, Friedrich N, Staudt A, Gande N, Bernar B, Stock K, Kiechl SJ, Hochmayr C, Griesmacher A, Petersmann A, Budde K, Stuppner H, Sturm S, Dörr M, Schminke U, Cannet C, Fang F, Schäfer H, Spraul M, Geiger R, Mayr M, Nauck M, Kiechl S, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Knoflach M. Association of adolescent lipoprotein subclass profile with carotid intima-media thickness and comparison to adults: Prospective population-based cohort studies. Atherosclerosis 2021; 341:34-42. [PMID: 34995985 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Assessment of comprehensive lipoprotein subclass profiles in adolescents and their relation to vascular disease may enhance our understanding of the development of dyslipidemia in early life and inform early vascular prevention. METHODS Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to measure lipoprotein profiles, including lipids (cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids) and apolipoproteins (apoB-100, apoA1, apoA2) of 17 lipoprotein subclasses (from least dense to densest: VLDL-1 to -6, IDL, LDL-1 to -6, HDL-1 to -4) in n = 1776 14- to 19-year olds (56.6% female) and n = 3027 25- to 85-year olds (51.5% female), all community-dwelling. Lipoprotein profiles were related to carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as ascertained by sonography. RESULTS Adolescents compared to adults had lower triglycerides, total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol, and apoB, and higher HDL cholesterol. They showed 26.6-59.8% lower triglyceride content of all lipoprotein subclasses and 21.9-51.4% lower VLDL lipid content. Concentrations of dense LDL-4 to LDL-6 were 36.7-40.2% lower, with also markedly lower levels of LDL-1 to LDL-3, but 24.2% higher HDL-1 ApoA1. In adolescents, only LDL-3 to LDL-5 subclasses were associated with cIMT (range of differences in cIMT for a 1-SD higher concentration, 4.8-5.9 μm). The same associations emerged in adults, with on average 97 ± 42% (mean ± SD) larger effect sizes, in addition to LDL-1 and LDL-6 (range, 6.9-11.3 μm) and HDL-2 to HDL-4, ApoA1, and ApoA2 (range, -7.0 to -17.7 μm). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents showed a markedly different and more favorable lipoprotein profile compared to adults. Dense LDL subclasses were the only subclasses associated with cIMT in adolescents, implicating them as the potential preferred therapeutic target for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease at this age. In adults, associations with cIMT were approximately twice as large as in adolescents, and HDL-related measures were additionally associated with cIMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Staudt
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nina Gande
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benoît Bernar
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Stock
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophia J Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; VASCage, Research Centre for Promoting Vascular Health in the Ageing Community, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Hochmayr
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Astrid Petersmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Oldenburg, Rahel-Strauss-Straße 10, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Budde
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja Sturm
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcus Dörr
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claire Cannet
- Bruker BioSpin, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Fang Fang
- Bruker BioSpin, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schäfer
- Bruker BioSpin, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Manfred Spraul
- Bruker BioSpin, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Ralf Geiger
- Department of Pediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Ln, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; VASCage, Research Centre for Promoting Vascular Health in the Ageing Community, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Knoflach
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Lin J, Sun Y, Santos HO, Găman MA, Bhat LT, Cui Y. Effects of guar gum supplementation on the lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3271-3281. [PMID: 34607737 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Guar gum can be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of dyslipidemia. However, based on data from different studies, the effectiveness of this product is not uniform. Therefore, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis between guar gum supplementation and lipid profile. METHODS AND RESULTS Five databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar) were searched to identify relevant articles published up to July 2020. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was derived based on the random-effects model. Overall findings were generated from 25 eligible trials. Patients' conditions included hyperlipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, overweight, carotid endarterectomy, and menopausal women. Prescribed gum dose varied between 100 mg/d and 30 g/d for 1-24 months. Compared with control groups, guar gum supplementation decreased total cholesterol (TC) by -20.41 mg/dL (95% CI: -26.76 to -14.07; P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) by -17.37 mg/dL (95% CI: -23.60 to -11.13; P < 0.001), but did not change triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -6.53 mg/dL, 95% CI: -16.03 to 2.97; P = 0.178) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: -0.62 mg/dL, 95% CI: -1.68 to 0.44, P = 0.252). CONCLUSIONS Guar gum supplementation significantly reduced serum LDL-C and TC levels in patients with cardiometabolic problems, but had neutral effects on TG and HDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhenhai District Refining Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang province, 315207, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Departmeng of Internal Medicine,College of Clinical Medicine, QiLu Medical University, Zibocity, Shandong province, 255300, China
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Latha T Bhat
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, 725000, China.
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Liu H, Liu K, Pei L, Li S, Zhao J, Zhang K, Zong C, Zhao L, Fang H, Wu J, Sun S, Song B, Xu Y, Gao Y. Atherogenic Index of Plasma Predicts Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2021; 12:741754. [PMID: 34707558 PMCID: PMC8542679 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.741754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was significantly related to adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to investigate the association between AIP and adverse outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) admitted between 2015 and 2018 were prospectively enrolled in this study. Functional outcomes were evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Poor outcomes were defined as mRS 3–6. The relationship of AIP with the risk of outcomes was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models. Results: A total of 1,463 patients with AIS within 24 h of symptom onset were enrolled. The poor outcome group had a significantly higher level of AIP [0.09 (−0.10 to 0.27) vs. 0.04 (−0.09 to 0.18), p < 0.001] compared with the good outcome group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that higher AIP was associated with poor outcomes in all the stroke patients (OR 1.84, 95% CI, 1.23–2.53, p = 0.007), which was more evident in patients with large-artery atherosclerosis subtype (OR 1.90, 95% CI, 1.53–2.62, p = 0.002), but not in the other subtypes. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis revealed that the best predictive cutoff value of AIP was 0.112, with a sensitivity of 70.8% and a specificity of 59.2%, and the area under the ROC curves for AIP was 0.685. Conclusion: AIP may be an important and independent predictor of the outcome of dysfunction in patients with AIS, especially the stroke subtype of large-artery atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lulu Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ce Zong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shilei Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang T, Sun L, Xu L, Zhao T, Feng J, Yu L, Wu J, Li H. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and gene polymorphisms of ABCB1 and SLCO1B1 in Han, Uygur, Kazak, Hui, Tatar, Kirgiz, and Sibe populations with coronary heart disease in Xinjiang, China. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:116. [PMID: 34563206 PMCID: PMC8466639 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia is a predisposing factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). High-intensity statin therapy is recommended as secondary prevention. ABCB1 and SLCO1B1 genes influence the efficacy and safety of statins. Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic area; however, little is known about the prevalence of dyslipidemia and gene polymorphisms of ABCB1 and SLCO1B1 in minority groups with CHD. Objective To measure levels of lipid and apolipoprotein and the prevalence of dyslipidemia and gene polymorphisms of ABCB1, SLCO1B1 in Han, Uygur, Kazak, Hui, Tatar, Kirgiz, and Sibe populations with CHD in Xinjiang. Methods This descriptive retrospective study compares lipid levels in ethnic groups using Kruskal-Wallis test or analysis of variance. The study compared gene polymorphisms and the prevalence of dyslipidemia among different ethnic groups using the chi-square test. The lipid profiles in plasma were measured before lipid-lowering therapy using commercially available kits. Genotyping of SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 variants was performed using sequencing by hybridization. Results A total of 2218 patients were successfully screened, including 1044 Han, 828 Uygur, 113 Kazak, 138 Hui, 39 Tatar, 36 Kirgiz, and 20 Sibe patients. The overall mean age was 61.8 ± 10.8 years, and 72.5% of participants were male. Dyslipidemia prevalence in these ethnic groups was 42.1, 49.8, 52.2, 40.6, 48.7, 41.7, and 45.0%, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, high total cholesterol (TC), high triglycerides (TG), and high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) differed significantly among the groups (P = 0.024; P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P < 0.001, respectively). For the Han group, high LDL-C, high TC, and high TG prevalence differed significantly by gender (P = 0.001, P = 0.022, P = 0.037, respectively). The prevalence of high TC, high TG, and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) differed significantly by gender in the Uygur group (P = 0.006, P = 0.004, P < 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of high TC in Hui patients significantly differed by gender (P = 0.043). These findings suggest that polymorphisms in ABCB1 and C3435T differ significantly across ethnicities (P < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalences of dyslipidemia, high TC, high TG, and high LDL-C in Han, Uygur, Kazak, Hui, Tatar, Kirgiz, and Sibe CHD patients in Xinjiang differed concerning ethnicity. Ethnic, gender, and lifestyle were the key factors that affected the lipid levels of the population. The prevalence of polymorphisms of ABCB1 and C3435T significantly differed across ethnicities. These findings will aid the selection of precision lipid-lowering medications and prevention and treatment of CHD according to ethnicity in Xinjiang. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01544-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Xu
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Luhai Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hongjian Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China.
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Shi H, Santos HO, de Souza IGO, Hoilat GJ, Martins CEC, Varkaneh HK, Alkhwildi JA, Hejji AT, Almuqayyid F, Abu-Zaid A. The Effect of Raloxifene Treatment on Lipid Profile in Elderly Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Clin Ther 2021; 43:297-317. [PMID: 34462124 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to elucidate the effects of raloxifene on the lipid profile in elderly individuals. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs was performed following the PRISMA statement. Data on triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, and LDL-C were extracted. Relevant publications up to October 2020 were detected through searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. Changes were reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% CIs using random-effects models. FINDINGS Nine studies were selected, with a duration of intervention ranging from 2 and 12 months and a raloxifene dose of 60 to 120 mg/d. Studies were performed in healthy individuals and in those with disorders, such as osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, and kidney disease required long-term hemodialysis. Overall, TG (WMD, -6.50 mg/dL; 95% CI, -34.18 to 21.20 mg/eL; P = 0.646), LDL-C (WMD, -17.86 mg/dL; 95% CI, -42.44 to 6.72 mg/dL; P = 0.154), and HDL-C (WMD, 2.35 mg/dL; 95% CI, -1.14 to 5.84 mg/dL; P = 0.187) levels did not change significantly after the administration of raloxifene. In contrast, TC levels decreased after raloxifene therapy (WMD, -6.59 mg/dL; 95% CI, -13.13 to -0.05 mg/dL; P = 0.048). IMPLICATIONS Raloxifene therapy decreased TC levels but did not alter TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C concentrations in elderly individuals. Regarding the LDL-C levels, although the finding lacked statistical significance, we believe that there was a mean reduction that deserves further clinical attention as much as TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shi
- Department of Gerontology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivan G O de Souza
- Universidade Salvador, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gilles Jadd Hoilat
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | - Hamed Kord Varkaneh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Joud Amer Alkhwildi
- College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljawhara Talal Hejji
- College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
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Markus MRP, Ittermann T, Schipf S, Bahls M, Nauck M, Völzke H, Santos RD, Peters A, Zeller T, Felix SB, Vasan RS, Thorand B, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Dörr M. Association of sex-specific differences in lipoprotein(a) concentrations with cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:168. [PMID: 34407812 PMCID: PMC8375146 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus, the relative increase in cardiovascular mortality is much higher in women than in men in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods We evaluated data from 7443 individuals (3792 women, 50.9%), aged 20 to 81 years, from two independent population-based investigations, SHIP-0 and MONICA/KORA S3. We analyzed the longitudinal sex-specific associations of lipoprotein(a) with cardiovascular mortality in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus using Cox regression. Results During a median follow-up of 20.5 years (136,802 person-years), 657 participants (404 men and 253 women) died of cardiovascular causes. Among individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus, men had a significantly higher risk for cardiovascular mortality compared to women in unadjusted model and after adjustment. On the other hand, in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the risk for cardiovascular mortality was not different between men and women in the unadjusted model and after adjustment for age, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting status and study sample (SHIP-0, MONICA/KORA S3). Further adjustment for lipoprotein(a) concentrations had no impact on the hazard ratio (HR) for cardiovascular mortality comparing men versus women in individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus [HR: 1.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63 to 2.32; p < 0.001]. In individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, however, further adjustment for lipoprotein(a) led to an increased risk for cardiovascular mortality in men and a decreased risk in women resulting in a statistically significant difference between men and women (HR: 1.53; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.24; p = 0.029). Conclusions Women are described to have a stronger relative increase in cardiovascular mortality than men when comparing individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Higher lipoprotein(a) concentrations in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus might partially explain this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. .,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Till Ittermann
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Schipf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Raul Dias Santos
- Lipid Clinic, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (German Research Center for Environmental Health), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Site München-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Burkhard Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, USA.,Preventive Medicine and Cardiology Sections, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (German Research Center for Environmental Health), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Site München-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Elevated Serum Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol May Increase the Risk and Severity of Coronary Heart Disease and Predict Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5597028. [PMID: 34046097 PMCID: PMC8128552 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5597028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a common and severe complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Increased amount of circulatory small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) particles is known to be a sign of dyslipidemia and can result in atherosclerosis. However, the association between serum sdLDL-C levels and CHD in T2DM patients remains unclear. Methods A total of 3684 T2DM patients who received selective coronary angiography (CAG) were selected. For analyzing the association between sdLDL-C and CHD severity in T2DM, the patients with CHD were further divided into four subgroups according to the quartiles of sdLDL-C. A multivariate logistic regression was used for analyzing the risks and severity of CHD. A total of 3427 patients with continuous stable CHD were recruited and followed up for 5 years. Results Serum sdLDL-C levels in the CHD group were significantly increased compared with those in the non-CHD group [0.80 (0.49) mmol/L vs. 0.70 (0.30) mmol/L, p < 0.001]. The results from CHD subgroup analysis indicated that the sdLDL-C levels in patients with multiple-vessel disease and high Gensini score (GS) were significantly increased. By adjusting the confounding factors and analyzing with multiple logistic regression, we found that sdLDL-C independently correlated with the presence and severity of CHD (CHD: OR = 2.257; multiple-vessel disease: OR = 3.288; high GS: OR = 2.554). A total of 484 major cardiovascular events (MACEs) were documented. After Kaplan-Meier analysis and chi-squared analysis, the incidence of MACEs in the high sdLDL-C group was higher than that in the low sdLDL-C group (16.04% vs. 12.25%, p = 0.002). Conclusion In T2DM patients, elevated serum sdLDL-C may increase the severity of CHD and predict cardiovascular events in the future. Therefore, serum sdLDL-C may be a potential biomarker for the surveillance of CHD in T2DM patients.
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Xu L, Chen X, Lu J, Xu Y, Yang H, Zhou X, Zhou J, Xu J, Shen H. Predictive value of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for cardiovascular events in Chinese elder diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:49. [PMID: 33910639 PMCID: PMC8082667 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a subcomponent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C) has been suggested to be a better predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this research was to evaluate the predictive value of the sdLDL-C in cardiovascular events (CVs) in Chinese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS A total of 386 consecutive type 2 DM patients were included into this study during December 2014 to December 2016. The serum sdLDL-C level of each subject was measured by homogeneous method. During a period of 48-month's follow-up, the occurrence of CVs and associated clinical information were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive value of serum sdLDL-C to occurrence of major CVs. RESULTS A total of 92 CVs occurred during the study period. The ROC curve analysis manifested that sdLDL-C in the study population had a matchable discriminatory power (AUC for sdLDL-C was 0.7366, P = 0.003). In addition, Kaplan-Meier event-free survival curves displayed an obvious increase of CVs risk for sdLDL-C ≧ 26 mg/dL (log-rank = 9.10, P = 0.003). This phenomenon had analogous results in patients who received statins at baseline (log rank = 7.336, P = 0.007). Cox regression analysis revealed that the increase in HbA1c, glucose, LDL-C, sdLDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and the decrease in apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) were obviously interrelated with heightened CVs risk. Multiple Cox regression demonstrated that the increase of sdLDL-C and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was significantly correlated with CVs. The results of the study indicated that high sdLDL-C level (> 10 mg/dL) was a risk factor for CVs in the multivariate model (HR 1.281, 95% CI 1.225-16.032; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION sdLDL-C level could be an effective predictor in predicting the future CVs for Chinese elderly patients with type 2 DM and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingfen Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Honglin Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Zhou
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Liu F, Wang Z, Cao X, Pan Y, Zhang E, Zhou J, Zheng L. Relationship between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with carotid plaque in Chinese individuals with abnormal carotid artery intima-media thickness. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:216. [PMID: 33906606 PMCID: PMC8080368 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the relationship of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) to carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) and carotid plaque (CAP) in Chinese general population, and to evaluate whether sdLDL-C could be an independent risk factor for individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods A total of 729 subjects were randomly collected from consecutive individuals from April 2019 to April 2020 for an annual health checkup. CA-IMT > 1.0 mm was defined as abnormal IMT. Plaque stability was measured by ultrasound examination based on the property of the echo. And sdLDL-C levels were detected by LipoPrint system. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with CA-IMT and carotid plaque. Results The abnormal IMT group had significantly higher sdLDL-C levels than control group (p < 0.0001). And sdLDL-C levels were significantly positively correlated with IMT value (r = 0.1396, p = 0.0021) and presence of carotid plaque (r = 0.14, p = 0.002) in the subjects with abnormal IMT. In addition, subjects with higher levels of sdLDL-C (r = 0.11, p = 0.035) tended to have unstable CAP. After adjustment for age, gender and blood glucose, sdLDL-C level was an independent risk factor of the presence of CAP (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02–1.83, p = 0.034) in subjects with abnormal IMT. Conclusion SdLDL-C is an independent risk factor of the occurrence of CAP in the Chinese subjects with abnormal IMT. Our findings provide supporting evidence that sdLDL-C might be an alternative way to predict CVD in early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Health Management Centre, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Health Management Centre, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Health Management Centre, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Yingxia Pan
- Shanghai Zhangjiang Institue of Medical Innovation, Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Erqiang Zhang
- Shanghai Zhangjiang Institue of Medical Innovation, Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jiahuan Zhou
- Shanghai Zhangjiang Institue of Medical Innovation, Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Lina Zheng
- Health Management Centre, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China.
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The effect of tibolone treatment on lipid profile in women: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105612. [PMID: 33865986 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inconsistencies exist with regard to influence of tibolone treatment on the lipid profile. The reasons for these inconsistencies might derive from several factors, i.e., differences in baseline variables, intervention duration, participants' health status or baseline body mass index (BMI). To address these inconsistencies, based on a systematic search in Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase for papers published until 21 December 2020, we conducted the current dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the impact of tibolone treatment on the lipid profile. The overall findings were derived from 26 RCTs. Tibolone administration decreased total cholesterol (TC) (weighted mean difference, WMD: -18.55 mg/dL, CI: -25.95 to -11.16, P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: -9.42 mg/dL, CI: -11.83 to -7.01, P < 0.001) and triglyceride (TG) (WMD: -21.43 mg/dL, CI: -27.15 to -15.70, P < 0.001) levels. A significant reduction in LDL-C occurred when tibolone was prescribed for ≤ 26 weeks (WMD: -7.64 mg/dL, 95% CI: -14.58 to -0.70, P = 0.031) versus > 26 weeks (WMD: -8.84 mg/dL, 95% CI: -29.98, 12.29, P = 0.412). The decrease in TG (WMD: -22.64 mg/dL) and TC (-18.55 mg/dL) concentrations was more pronounced in patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2versus BMI < 25 kg/m2. This systematic review and meta-analysis discovered that tibolone decreases TC, HDL-C and TG levels. LDL-C concentrations are significantly reduced when tibolone administration lasts for ≤ 26 weeks.
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Zhang J, He L. Relationship between small dense low density lipoprotein and cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 33845772 PMCID: PMC8040195 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01979-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residual risk remained significant despite effective low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering treatment. Small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) as part of LDL-C has been found to be predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with stable CHD independently of LDL-C. However, to date, few studies have explored the role of sdLDL-C in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the association of sdLDL-C with CV events in patients with ACS undergoing PCI. METHODS Patients hospitalized with ACS undergoing PCI were enrolled and followed up for 18 months. The risk of sdLDL-C for CV events was compared according to sdLDL-C quartiles. The primary outcome was major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events (MACCE), which was the composite of all cause of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke or unplanned repeat revascularization. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was performed to estimate the risk of CV events. Subgroup analysis according to diabetes status and LDL-C were performed separately for MACCE. RESULTS A total of 6092 patients were included in the analysis (age: 60.2 ± 10.13 years, male: 75.3%, BMI: 25.9 ± 3.33 kg/m2, dyslipidemia: 74.1% and diabetes: 44.5%). During 18 months of follow-up, 320 (5.2%) incident CV events occurred. Compared to the lowest sdLDL-C quartile group, patients in the highest quartile had a greater risk of CV events after multivariable adjustment (HR 1.92; 95% CI 1.37-2.70). In addition, it was mainly due to the increase of unplanned repeat revascularization. In the subgroup analyses, significant association was observed regardless of level of LDL-C and diabetes status. CONCLUSIONS Patients with elevated sdLDL-C have a higher risk of CV events in Chinese patients with ACS undergoing PCI, providing additional value for better risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lingjie He
- Department of Outpatient, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Xuesong F, Enshi W, Jianxun H, Lei Z, Xiaoli Z, Hui Y. Comparison of seven different reagents of peroxidase method for small and dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) measurement. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 35:e23660. [PMID: 33377258 PMCID: PMC7957989 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We validated the performance of seven different reagents of peroxidase method for sdLDL‐C in two automatic analyzers that are common in Chinese laboratories. Methods Seven commercially available sdLDL‐C assays were analyzed with the Beckman AU5400 and Mindray BS2000 automatic analyzers. A total of 336 blood samples were collected and the reference interval was also validated in 298 apparently healthy individuals. Serum samples were used for method comparison of precision, recovery, lower limit of detection, comparison and concurrence analysis, as well as reference interval for the Mindray reagent. Results The repeatability CV% of the seven sdLDL‐C assays were 0.81%~3.66% for Mindray BS2000 and 0.76%~3.91% for Beckman AU5400, while Total CVs for Mindray BS2000 sdLDL‐C assay were 1.34%~4.81%, and that of Beckman AU5400 were 2.25%~10.33%. The measured recovery rates of sdLDL‐C assays were within the allowable ±10% deviation range. There was no obvious difference between the reagents in the lower limit detection. There was a difference between the validation results of the reference range and the manufacturer's.BSBE, Mindray, and Dongou had a high degree of association with DENKA SEIKEN on Mindray BS2000, while BSBE, Mindray, Dongou and Merit Choice had a high degree of association with DENKA SEIKEN on Beckman AU5400. Passing–Bablok regression showed excellent linear correlation between BSBE and Mindray and DENKA SEIKEN and on Beckman AU5400. Conclusions Our results indicate that the basic performance can meet the testing requirements, but the comparability between them is still insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xuesong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory CenterBeijing AnZhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Wang Enshi
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryFuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - He Jianxun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory CenterBeijing AnZhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Zhang Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory CenterBeijing AnZhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Zeng Xiaoli
- Department of Clinical Laboratory CenterBeijing AnZhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Hui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory CenterBeijing AnZhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijingChina
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Santos HO, Price JC, Bueno AA. Beyond Fish Oil Supplementation: The Effects of Alternative Plant Sources of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids upon Lipid Indexes and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers-An Overview. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3159. [PMID: 33081119 PMCID: PMC7602731 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain a global challenge, and lipid-associated biomarkers can predict cardiovascular events. Extensive research on cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFAs) is geared towards fish oil supplementation and fish-rich diets. Nevertheless, vegetarianism and veganism are becoming more popular across all segments of society, due to reasons as varied as personal, ethical and religious values, individual preferences and environment-related principles, amongst others. Due to the essentiality of PUFAs, plant sources of n3-PUFAs warrant further consideration. In this review, we have critically appraised the efficacy of plant-derived n3-PUFAs from foodstuffs and supplements upon lipid profile and selected cardiometabolic markers. Walnuts and flaxseed are the most common plant sources of n3-PUFAs, mainly alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and feature the strongest scientific rationale for applicability into clinical practice. Furthermore, walnuts and flaxseed are sources of fibre, potassium, magnesium, and non-essential substances, including polyphenols and sterols, which in conjunction are known to ameliorate cardiovascular metabolism. ALA levels in rapeseed and soybean oils are only slight when compared to flaxseed oil. Spirulina and Chlorella, biomasses of cyanobacteria and green algae, are important sources of n3-PUFAs; however, their benefits upon cardiometabolic markers are plausibly driven by their antioxidant potential combined with their n3-PUFA content. In humans, ALA is not sufficiently bioconverted into eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. However, evidence suggests that plant sources of ALA are associated with favourable cardiometabolic status. ALA supplementation, or increased consumption of ALA-rich foodstuffs, combined with reduced omega-6 (n6) PUFAs intake, could improve the n3/n6 ratio and improve cardiometabolic and lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O. Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil
| | - James C. Price
- College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK; (J.C.P.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Allain A. Bueno
- College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK; (J.C.P.); (A.A.B.)
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Zhou P, Shen Y, Wang L, Cao Z, Feng W, Liu J, Wang L, Meng P, Yang J, Xu WY, Gao P. Association between carotid intima media thickness and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in acute ischaemic stroke. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:177. [PMID: 32723324 PMCID: PMC7388515 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intima-media thickness (IMT) and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) have been reported to be related to atherosclerosis and stroke. This study is trying to explore the association between IMT and sdLDL-C in Chinese acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) subjects. METHODS This study enrolled total 368 consecutive AIS patients and 165 non-AIS controls from November 2016 to February 2019. Mean IMT and carotid plaques were measured by using carotid ultrasonography method. Blood glucose and lipid parameters were measured by using an automatic biochemical instrument. SdLDL-C was detected by using the Lipoprint LDL system. IMT > 1.0 mm was defined as increased IMT. Plaque stability based on the nature of the echo was determined by ultrasound examination. Risk factors for IMT were identified by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A logistic regression model was established to predict AIS risk. Python software (Version 3.6) was used for the statistical analysis of all data. RESULTS The carotid IMT, proportion of plaques, and the sdLDL-C, triglycerides (TG) and glucose levels were obviously higher in AIS patients than those in controls. SdLDL-C level in the IMT thickening group was higher than that in the normal IMT group. SdLDL-C and total cholesterol (TC) were risk factors for IMT, while sdLDL-C was an independent risk factor. The IMT value of the unstable plaque group was markedly higher than that of the stable plaque group. The predictive value of IMT for AIS was better than that of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) but not as good as that of sdLDL-C. A logistic regression model was established to predict AIS risk. Additionally, carotid IMT and sdLDL-C were closely related to AIS severity and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS SdLDL-C and TC were risk factors for increased IMT, while sdLDL-C was an independent risk factor. A prediction model based on IMT and other variables was established to screen the population with high AIS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang, 441000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shen
- Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co.,Ltd., Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China.,Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Zhihua Cao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang, 441000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang, 441000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang, 441000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co.,Ltd., Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China.,Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Peng Meng
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co.,Ltd., Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China.,Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Wang-Yang Xu
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co.,Ltd., Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China. .,Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang, 441000, People's Republic of China.
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