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Stark R, Dempsey H, Kleeman E, Sassi M, Osborne-Lawrence S, Sheybani-Deloui S, Rushby HJ, Mirth CK, Austin-Muttitt K, Mullins J, Zigman JM, Davies JS, Andrews ZB. Hunger signalling in the olfactory bulb primes exploration, food-seeking and peripheral metabolism. Mol Metab 2024; 89:102025. [PMID: 39236785 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the metabolic state of an organism affects olfactory function, the precise mechanisms and their impact on behavior and metabolism remain unknown. Here, we assess whether ghrelin receptors (GHSRs) in the olfactory bulb (OB) increase olfactory function and influence foraging behaviors and metabolism. METHODS We performed a detailed behavioural and metabolic analysis in mice lacking GHSRs in the OB (OBGHSR deletion). We also analsyed OB scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomic datasets to assess GHSR+ cells in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, as well as the anterior olfactory nucleus. RESULTS OBGHSR deletion affected olfactory discrimination and habituation to both food and non-food odors. Anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors were significantly greater after OBGHSR deletion, whereas exploratory behavior was reduced, with the greatest effect under fasted conditions. OBGHSR deletion impacted feeding behavior as evidenced by altered bout number and duration, as well as buried food-seeking. OBGHSR deletion increased body weight and fat mass, spared fat utilisation on a chow diet and impaired glucose metabolism indicating metabolic dysfunction. Cross referenced analysis of OB scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomic datasets revealed GHSR+ glutamate neurons in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, as well as the anterior olfactory nucleus. Ablation of glutamate neurons in the OB reduced ghrelin-induced food finding and phenocopied results seen after OBGHSR deletion. CONCLUSIONS OBGHSRs help to maintain olfactory function, particularly during hunger, and facilitate behavioral adaptations that optimise food-seeking in anxiogenic environments, priming metabolic pathways in preparation for food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Stark
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Harry Dempsey
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Kleeman
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martina Sassi
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Sherri Osborne-Lawrence
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sepideh Sheybani-Deloui
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Helen J Rushby
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christen K Mirth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karl Austin-Muttitt
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Jonathan Mullins
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Davies
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Chang L, Niu F, Li B. Ghrelin/GHSR signaling in the lateral septum ameliorates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110953. [PMID: 38278286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a gastrointestinal hormone on feeding and metabolism regulation, and acts through its receptor-growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), which is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system. Recent studies have suggested that ghrelin plays an important role in the regulation of depression, but the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Lateral septum (LS) is a critical brain region in modulating depression. Therefore, we investigated the role of ghrelin/GHSR signaling in the LS on the depressive-like behaviors of mice under conditions of chronic stress by using behavioral tests, neuropharmacology, and molecular biology techniques. We found that infusion of ghrelin into the LS produced antidepressant-like responses in mice. Activation of LS GABAergic neurons was involved in the antidepressant effect of ghrelin. Importantly, GHSR was highly expressed and distributed in the LS neurons. Blockade of GHSR in the LS reversed the ghrelin-induced antidepressant-like effects. Molecular knockdown of GHSR in the LS induced depressive-like symptoms in mice. Furthermore, administration of ghrelin into the LS alleviated depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Consistent with the neuropharmacological results, overexpression of GHSR in the LS reversed CSDS-induced depressive-like behaviors. Our findings clarify a key role for ghrelin/GHSR signaling in the regulation of chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors, which could provide new strategies for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Chang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengnan Niu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Women and Children's Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Gajewska A, Strzelecki D, Gawlik-Kotelnicka O. Ghrelin as a Biomarker of "Immunometabolic Depression" and Its Connection with Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3960. [PMID: 37764744 PMCID: PMC10537261 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal peptide, is an endogenous ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), which is mainly produced by X/A-like cells in the intestinal mucosa. Beyond its initial description as a growth hormone (GH) secretagogue stimulator of appetite, ghrelin has been revealed to have a wide range of physiological effects, for example, the modulation of inflammation; the improvement of cardiac performance; the modulation of stress, anxiety, taste sensation, and reward-seeking behavior; and the regulation of glucose metabolism and thermogenesis. Ghrelin secretion is altered in depressive disorders and metabolic syndrome, which frequently co-occur, but it is still unknown how these modifications relate to the physiopathology of these disorders. This review highlights the increasing amount of research establishing the close relationship between ghrelin, nutrition, microbiota, and disorders such as depression and metabolic syndrome, and it evaluates the ghrelinergic system as a potential target for the development of effective pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gajewska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Oliwia Gawlik-Kotelnicka
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
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4
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Chen X, Dong J, Jiao Q, Du X, Bi M, Jiang H. "Sibling" battle or harmony: crosstalk between nesfatin-1 and ghrelin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:169. [PMID: 35239020 PMCID: PMC11072372 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin was first identified as an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) in 1999, with the function of stimulating the release of growth hormone (GH), while nesfatin-1 was identified in 2006. Both peptides are secreted by the same kind of endocrine cells, X/A-like cells in the stomach. Compared with ghrelin, nesfatin-1 exerts opposite effects on energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, gastrointestinal functions and regulation of blood pressure, but exerts similar effects on anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. Up to now, nesfatin-1 remains as an orphan ligand because its receptor has not been identified. Several studies have shown the effects of nesfatin-1 are dependent on the receptor of ghrelin. We herein compare the effects of nesfatin-1 and ghrelin in several aspects and explore the possibility of their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Bi
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Brown RM, Guerrero-Hreins E, Brown WA, le Roux CW, Sumithran P. Potential gut-brain mechanisms behind adverse mental health outcomes of bariatric surgery. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:549-559. [PMID: 34262156 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery induces sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits via notable effects on the gut-brain axis that lead to alterations in the neuroendocrine regulation of appetite and glycaemia. However, in a subset of patients, bariatric surgery is associated with adverse effects on mental health, including increased risk of suicide or self-harm as well as the emergence of depression and substance use disorders. The contributing factors behind these adverse effects are not well understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that there are important links between gut-derived hormones, microbial and bile acid profiles, and disorders of mood and substance use, which warrant further exploration in the context of changes in gut-brain signalling after bariatric surgery. Understanding the basis of these adverse effects is essential in order to optimize the health and well-being of people undergoing treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Brown
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva Guerrero-Hreins
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendy A Brown
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Ghrelin restores memory impairment following olfactory bulbectomy in mice by activating hippocampal NMDA1 and MAPK1 gene expression. Behav Brain Res 2021; 410:113341. [PMID: 33964353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin (Ghrl) is an orexigenic peptide with potential roles in the modulation of anxiety- and depressive-like symptoms induced by bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OB) in rodents. In the present work, we assessed whether intrahippocampal Ghrl could reverse OB-induced depressive-like and amnesic effects by regulating molecular mechanisms related to neuroplasticity. Adult female albino Swiss mice were divided into sham and OB groups, and infused with saline (S) or Ghrl 0.03 nmol/μl, 0.3 nmol/μl, or 3 nmol/μl into the hippocampus before exposition to open-field test (OFT) and tail suspension test (TST) or immediately after training in the object recognition test (ORT). After test phase in ORT, animals were euthanized and their hippocampi were dissected to study the expression of genes related to memory. The OB-S animals presented hyperlocomotion in OFT, increased immobility in TST and memory impairment compared to sham-S (p < 0.05), but acute intrahippocampal infusion of Ghrl 0.3 nmol/μl produced an improvement on these parameters in OB animals (p < 0.05). In addition, this dose of Ghrl reversed OB-induced low expression of NMDA1 and MAPK1 iso1 and up-regulated the expression of CaMKIIa iso1 and iso2, and MAPK1 iso2 (p < 0.05). These results extend the existing literature regarding OB-induced behavioral and neurochemical changes, and provide mechanisms that could underlie the antidepressant effect of Ghrl in this model.
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Kim S, Nam Y, Shin SJ, Park YH, Jeon SG, Kim JI, Kim MJ, Moon M. The Potential Roles of Ghrelin in Metabolic Syndrome and Secondary Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:583097. [PMID: 33071750 PMCID: PMC7543232 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.583097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the major causative factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the accumulation of amyloid β and hyperphosphorylated tau, AD can also be caused by metabolic dysfunction. The major clinical symptom of AD is cognitive dysfunction. However, AD is also accompanied by various secondary symptoms such as depression, sleep-wake disturbances, and abnormal eating behaviors. Interestingly, the orexigenic hormone ghrelin has been suggested to have beneficial effects on AD-related metabolic syndrome and secondary symptoms. Ghrelin improves lipid distribution and alters insulin sensitivity, effects that are hypothesized to delay the progression of AD. Furthermore, ghrelin can relieve depression by enhancing the secretion of hormones such as serotonin, noradrenaline, and orexin. Moreover, ghrelin can upregulate the expression of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and modulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β. Ghrelin alleviates sleep-wake disturbances by increasing the levels of melatonin, melanin-concentrating hormone. Ghrelin reduces the risk of abnormal eating behaviors by increasing neuropeptide Y and γ-aminobutyric acid. In addition, ghrelin increases food intake by inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis. However, despite the numerous studies on the role of ghrelin in the AD-related pathology and metabolic disorders, there are only a few studies that investigate the effects of ghrelin on secondary symptoms associated with AD. In this mini review, our purpose is to provide the insights of future study by organizing the previous studies for the role of ghrelin in AD-related pathology and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Soo Jung Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Il Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, South Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
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8
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Maj C, Tosato S, Zanardini R, Lasalvia A, Favaro A, Leuci E, De Girolamo G, Ruggeri M, Gennarelli M, Bocchio-Chiavetto L. Correlations between immune and metabolic serum markers and schizophrenia/bipolar disorder polygenic risk score in first-episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:507-511. [PMID: 31749237 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS There is a strong interest in identifying the biological mechanisms involved in the genetic risk for psychotic disorders. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between serum concentrations of specific molecular markers and the genetic component for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. METHODS We analysed the association between the polygenic risk score (PRS) and the serum levels of different inflammatory/metabolic markers in a sample of 81 first-episode psychosis patients (FEP) with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and 33 controls. RESULTS A positive correlation of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder PRS with the inflammatory marker C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4 serum concentration (ρ = 0.42, P = 1.56 × 10-04 and ρ = 0.40, P = 1.65 × 10-03 , respectively) and a negative correlation with the serum ghrelin content (ρ = - 0.35, P = 4.27 × 10-03 and ρ = - 0.45, P = 6.05 × 10-04 , respectively) were observed. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insight into the biological underpinnings of the PRS component, thus supporting a role of the genetic liability on the inflammatory and metabolic alterations that characterize psychosis onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maj
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany.,Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Roberta Zanardini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- UOC Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua and Azienda Ospedaliera, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni De Girolamo
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate (Como), Italy
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9
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Wu R, Xiao D, Shan X, Dong Y, Tao WW. Rapid and Prolonged Antidepressant-like Effect of Crocin Is Associated with GHSR-Mediated Hippocampal Plasticity-related Proteins in Mice Exposed to Prenatal Stress. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1159-1170. [PMID: 32203651 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress (PNS) has a prolonged and adverse effect on offspring, leading to a significantly increased vulnerability to developing depression in their later life. Traditional therapies have delayed onset and limited efficacy; thus, it remains an urgent need to find novel medications with fast-onset and high-efficacy potentials. Crocin, with its structure clearly examined, has shown antidepressant-like effects. However, few studies extensively investigated its effect especially in mice exposed to PNS. Using an established PNS model, we tested whether crocin could have a rapid and persistent antidepressant-like effect in PNS mice. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors were used to test their effects in antidepressant-like effect of crocin. Hippocampal GHSR-PI3K signaling was examined both in PNS mice treated with a single dose of crocin and in combination of GHSR inhibitor. PNS mice showed depression-like behaviors at juvenile and adulthood, and crocin induced an instant and persistent antidepressant-like response in PNS mice in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, crocin increased the expression of hippocampal synaptic plasticity-associated proteins through the restoration of GHSR-PI3K signaling. Inhibitions of both GHSR and PI3K abolished the effect of crocin in alleviating depressive-like behaviors. More importantly, GHSR inhibitor JMV2959 blocked the enhanced expression of hippocampal plasticity-related proteins induced by crocin. The present study demonstrated that crocin induced a fast-onset and prolonged antidepressant effect in PNS mice and suggested that GHSR-PI3K signaling may play a key role in crocin's effect at least partially by a restoration of hippocampal synaptic plasticity-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Wu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo 14203, New York, United States
| | - Dong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Shan
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Wei Tao
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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10
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Daniels S, Horman T, Lapointe T, Melanson B, Storace A, Kennedy SH, Frey BN, Rizvi SJ, Hassel S, Mueller DJ, Parikh SV, Lam RW, Blier P, Farzan F, Giacobbe P, Milev R, Placenza F, Soares CN, Turecki G, Uher R, Leri F. Reverse translation of major depressive disorder symptoms: A framework for the behavioural phenotyping of putative biomarkers. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:353-366. [PMID: 31969265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reverse translating putative biomarkers of depression from patients to animals is complex because Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly heterogenous condition. This review proposes an approach to reverse translation based on relating relevant bio-behavioural functions in laboratory rodents to MDD symptoms. METHODS This systematic review outlines symptom clusters assessed by psychometric tests of MDD and antidepressant treatment response including the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Symptoms were related to relevant behavioural assays in laboratory rodents. RESULTS The resulting battery of tests includes passive coping, anxiety-like behaviours, sleep, caloric intake, cognition, psychomotor functions, hedonic reactivity and aversive learning. These assays are discussed alongside relevant clinical symptoms of MDD, providing a framework through which reverse translation of a biomarker can be interpreted. LIMITATIONS Certain aspects of MDD may not be quantified by tests in laboratory rodents, and their biological significance may not always be of clinical relevance. CONCLUSIONS Using this reverse translation approach, it is possible to clarify the functional significance of a putative biomarker in rodents and hence translate its contribution to specific clinical symptoms, or clusters of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Daniels
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Horman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Lapointe
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brett Melanson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Storace
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- University of Toronto Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sakina J Rizvi
- University of Toronto Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daniel J Mueller
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Raymond W Lam
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pierre Blier
- The Royal Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faranak Farzan
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- University of Toronto Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Franca Placenza
- University of Toronto Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Rudolf Uher
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Han QQ, Huang HJ, Wang YL, Yang L, Pilot A, Zhu XC, Yu R, Wang J, Chen XR, Liu Q, Li B, Wu GC, Yu J. Ghrelin exhibited antidepressant and anxiolytic effect via the p38-MAPK signaling pathway in hippocampus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:11-20. [PMID: 30853341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin, a peptide derived from stomach, is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). So far, the exact role of ghrelin in depression and anxiety is still being debated. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) is known to be activated in response to various stress stimuli. Thus, we hypothesize that ghrelin has an antidepressant effect, to which the p38-MAPK signaling pathway significantly contributes. To test this hypothesis, chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) was used as a model of depression. We employed the adeno-associated virus-mediated siRNA approach to down-regulate GHSR expression in the hippocampus of mice in vivo. Both ghrelin and the p38 inhibitor, SB203580, were administered to identify the effect of ghrelin on depressive-like behavior of stressed mice and to better assess the role of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway in this process. We found that CSDS activated the endogenous ghrelin-GHSR in hippocampal neurons, which possibly resulted in opposing the formation of depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Furthermore, the p38-MAPK signaling pathway had an important role in the antidepressant effect of ghrelin. Therefore, we conclude that ghrelin may reduce CSDS-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors via inhibiting the p38-MAPK signaling pathway in hippocampal neurons of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Qin Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui-Jie Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Lin Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Adam Pilot
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Cang Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing Li
- Center Laboratories, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Gen-Cheng Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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12
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Vestlund J, Winsa-Jörnulf J, Hovey D, Lundström S, Lichtenstein P, Anckarsäter H, Studer E, Suchankova P, Westberg L, Jerlhag E. Ghrelin and aggressive behaviours-Evidence from preclinical and human genetic studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 104:80-88. [PMID: 30818255 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aggressive behaviour is of crucial importance in the defence for limited resources including food and mates and involves central serotonin as well as dopamine signalling. As ghrelin modulates food intake and sexual behaviour we initially investigated the hypothesis that central ghrelin signalling regulates aggressive behaviour in the resident intruder paradigm in male mice. Moreover, interaction between ghrelin signalling and serotonergic, noradrenergic as well as dopaminergic neurotransmission in aggression was investigated. The relevance of ghrelin for human aggression per se as well as for aggression induced by alcohol was evaluated in a human genetic association study comprising young men (n = 784) from the normal population assessed for anti-social behaviours. The present study demonstrates that central ghrelin infusion, but not ghrelin administered systemically, increases aggression. Moreover aggressive behaviour is decreased by pharmacological suppression of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1 A (GHSR-1A) by JMV2959. As indicated by the ex vivo biochemical data serotonin, rather than dopamine or noradrenaline, in amygdala may have central roles for the ability of JMV2959 to reduce aggression. This link between central serotonin, GHSR-1A and aggression is further substantiated by the behavioural data showing that JMV2959 cannot decrease aggression following depletion of central serotonin signalling. The genetic association study demonstrates that males carrying the Leu72Leu genotype of the pre-pro-ghrelin gene and displaying hazardous alcohol use are more aggressive when compared to the group carrying the Met-allele. Collectively, this contributes to the identification of central ghrelin pathway as an important modulator in the onset of aggressive behaviours in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Vestlund
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia Winsa-Jörnulf
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hovey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Studer
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Suchankova
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Westberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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13
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Gupta D, Chuang JC, Mani BK, Shankar K, Rodriguez JA, Osborne-Lawrence S, Metzger NP, Zigman JM. β1-adrenergic receptors mediate plasma acyl-ghrelin elevation and depressive-like behavior induced by chronic psychosocial stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1319-1327. [PMID: 30758330 PMCID: PMC6785135 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ghrelin system is a key component of the mood and metabolic responses to chronic psychosocial stress. For example, circulating acyl-ghrelin rises in several rodent and human stress models, administered acyl-ghrelin induces antidepressant-like behavioral responses in mice, and mice with deleted ghrelin receptors (GHSRs) exhibit exaggerated depressive-like behaviors, changed eating behaviors, and altered metabolism in response to chronic stress. However, the mechanisms mediating stress-induced rises in ghrelin are unknown and ghrelin's antidepressant-like efficacy in the setting of chronic stress is incompletely characterized. Here, we used a pharmacological approach in combination with a 10-day chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model in male mice to investigate whether the sympathoadrenal system is involved in the ghrelin response to stress. We also examined the antidepressant-like efficacy of administered ghrelin and the synthetic GHSR agonist GHRP-2 during and/or after CSDS. We found that administration of the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) blocker atenolol during CSDS blunts the elevation of plasma acyl-ghrelin and exaggerates depressive-like behavior. Neither acute injection of acyl-ghrelin directly following CSDS nor its chronic administration during or after CSDS nor chronic delivery of GHRP-2 during and after CSDS improved stress-induced depressive-like behavior. Thus, β1ARs drive the acyl-ghrelin response to CSDS, but supplementing the natural increases in acyl-ghrelin with exogenous acyl-ghrelin or GHSR agonist does not further enhance the antidepressant-like actions of the endogenous ghrelin system in the setting of CSDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Gupta
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., MC9077, Dallas, TX 75390-9077 USA
| | - Jen-Chieh Chuang
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., MC9077, Dallas, TX 75390-9077 USA
| | - Bharath K. Mani
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., MC9077, Dallas, TX 75390-9077 USA
| | - Kripa Shankar
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., MC9077, Dallas, TX 75390-9077 USA
| | - Juan A. Rodriguez
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., MC9077, Dallas, TX 75390-9077 USA
| | - Sherri Osborne-Lawrence
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., MC9077, Dallas, TX 75390-9077 USA
| | - Nathan P. Metzger
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., MC9077, Dallas, TX 75390-9077 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Zigman
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., MC9077, Dallas, TX 75390-9077 USA ,0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA ,0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
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14
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Huang HJ, Chen XR, Han QQ, Wang J, Pilot A, Yu R, Liu Q, Li B, Wu GC, Wang YQ, Yu J. The protective effects of Ghrelin/GHSR on hippocampal neurogenesis in CUMS mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 155:31-43. [PMID: 31103617 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone that also plays an important role in mood disorders. Our previous studies demonstrated that ghrelin administration could protect against depression-like behaviors of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rodents. However, the mechanism related to the effect of ghrelin on CUMS mice has yet to be revealed. This article shows that ghrelin (5 nmol/kg/day for 2 weeks, i.p.) decreased depression-like behaviors induced by CUMS and increased hippocampal integrity (neurogenesis and spine density) measured via Ki67, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), doublecortin (DCX) labeling and Golgi-cox staining, which were decreased under CUMS. The behavioral phenotypes of Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (Ghsr)-null and wild type (WT) mice were evaluated under no stress condition and after CUMS exposure to determine the effect of Ghsr knockout on the behavioral phenotypes and stress susceptibility of mice. Ghsr-null mice exhibited depression-like behaviors under no stress condition. CUMS induced similar depression- and anxiety-like behavioral manifestations in both Ghsr-null and WT mice. A similar pattern of behavioral changes was observed after hippocampal GHSR knockdown. Additionally, both Ghsr knockout as well as CUMS exhibited deleterious effects on neurogenesis and spine density in the dentate gyrus (DG). Besides, CCK8 assay and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay showed that ghrelin has a proliferative effect on primary cultured hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) and this proliferation was blocked by D-Lys3-GHRP-6 (DLS, the antagonist of GHSR, 100 μM) pretreatment. Ghrelin-induced proliferation is associated with the inhibition of G1 arrest, and this inhibition was blocked by LY294002 (specific inhibitor of PI3K, 20 μM). Furthermore, the in vivo data displayed that LY294002 (50 nmol, i.c.v.) can significantly block the antidepressant-like action of exogenous ghrelin treatment. All these results suggest that ghrelin/GHSR signaling maintains the integrity of hippocampus and has an inherent neuroprotective effect whether facing stress or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiu-Qin Han
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Adam Pilot
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bing Li
- Center Laboratories, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Gen-Cheng Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Jackson TM, Ostrowski TD, Middlemas DS. Intracerebroventricular Ghrelin Administration Increases Depressive-Like Behavior in Male Juvenile Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:77. [PMID: 31040774 PMCID: PMC6476973 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is arguably the largest contributor to the global disease and disability burden, but very few treatment options exist for juvenile MDD patients. Ghrelin is the principal hunger-stimulating peptide, and it has also been shown to reduce depressive-like symptoms in adult rodents. We examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of ghrelin on depressive-like behavior. Moreover, we determined whether ghrelin increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Ghrelin (0.2-nM, 0.5-nM, and 1.0-nM) was administered acutely by icv injection to juvenile rats to determine the most effective dose (0.5-nM) by a validated feeding behavior test and using the forced swim test (FST) as an indicator of depressive-like behavior. 0.5-nM ghrelin was then administered icv against an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) vehicle control to determine behavioral changes in the tail suspension test (TST) as an indicator of depressive-like behavior. Neurogenesis was investigated using a mitogenic paradigm, as well as a neurogenic paradigm to assess whether ghrelin altered neurogenesis. Newborn hippocampal cells were marked using 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) administered intraperitoneally (ip) at either the end or the beginning of the experiment for the mitogenic and neurogenic paradigms, respectively. We found that ghrelin administration increased immobility time in the TST. Treatment with ghrelin did not change mitogenesis or neurogenesis. These results suggest that ghrelin administration does not have an antidepressant effect in juvenile rats. In contrast to adult rodents, ghrelin increases depressive-like behavior in male juvenile rats. These results highlight the need to better delineate differences in the neuropharmacology of depressive-like behavior between juvenile and adult rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, United States
| | - Tim D Ostrowski
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, United States
| | - David S Middlemas
- Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, United States
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16
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Jiang J, Peng Y, Liang X, Li S, Chang X, Li L, Chang M. Centrally Administered Cortistation-14 Induces Antidepressant-Like Effects in Mice via Mediating Ghrelin and GABA A Receptor Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:767. [PMID: 30072893 PMCID: PMC6060333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortistatin-14 (CST-14), a recently discovered cyclic neuropeptide, can bind to all five cloned somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and ghrelin receptor to exert its biological activities and co-exists with GABA within the cortex and hippocampus. However, the role of CST-14 in the control of depression processes is not still clarified. Here, we tested the behavioral effects of CST-14 in the in a variety of classical rodent models of depression [forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and novelty-suppressed feeding test]. In the models of depression, CST-14 produced antidepressant-like effects, and does not altered locomotor activity levels. And, we found that CST-14 mRNA and BDNF mRNA were significantly decreased in the hippocampus and cortex after mice exposed to stress. Further data show that i.c.v. administration of CST-14 produce rapid antidepressant effects, and does not altered locomotor activity levels. Then these antidepressant-like effects were significantly reversed by [D-Lys3]GHRP-6 (ghrelin receptor antagonist), but not c-SOM (SSTRs antagonist). Meanwhile, the effects of some neurotransmitter blockers indicates that only GABAA system, but not CRF1 receptor, α/β-adrenergic receptor, is involved in the antidepressant effect of CST-14. The effects of the mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin), the PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and the p-ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) suggesting that the ERK/mTOR or PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is not involved in the antidepressant effects of CST-14. Interestingly, intranasal administration of CST-14 led to reducing depressive-like behavior, and near-infrared fluorescent experiments showed the real-time in vivo bio-distribution in brain after intranasal infusion of Cy7.5-CST-14. Taken all together, the results of present study point to a role for CST-14 in the modulation of depression processes via the ghrelin and GABAA receptor, and suggest cortistation may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of depression disorders. Highlights:CST-14 and BDNF mRNA are decreased in hippocampus and cortex once mice exposed to stress. i.c.v. or intranasal administration of CST-14 produce rapid antidepressant effects. NIR fluorescence imaging detected the brain uptake and distribution after intranasal CST-14. Antidepressant effects of CST-14 were only related to ghrelin and GABAA system. Co-injection of CST-14 and NPS produce antidepressant effect, and do not impair memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinHong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - YaLi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - XueYa Liang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shu Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - LongFei Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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17
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Farokhnia M, Lee MR, Farinelli LA, Ramchandani VA, Akhlaghi F, Leggio L. Pharmacological manipulation of the ghrelin system and alcohol hangover symptoms in heavy drinking individuals: Is there a link? Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 172:39-49. [PMID: 30030128 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide synthesized in the stomach, is a key player in the gut-brain axis. In addition to its role in regulating food intake and energy homeostasis, ghrelin has been shown to modulate alcohol-related behaviors. Alcohol consumption frequently results in hangover, an underexplored phenomenon with considerable medical, psychological, and socioeconomic consequences. While the pathophysiology of hangover is not clear, contributions of mechanisms such as alcohol-induced metabolic/endocrine changes, inflammatory/immune response, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis have been reported. Interestingly, these mechanisms considerably overlap with ghrelin's physiological functions. Here, we investigated whether pharmacological manipulation of the ghrelin system may affect alcohol hangover symptoms. Data were obtained from two placebo-controlled laboratory studies. The first study tested the effects of intravenous (IV) ghrelin and consisted of two experiments: a progressive-ratio IV alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) and a fixed-dose IV alcohol clamp. The second study tested the effects of an oral ghrelin receptor inverse agonist (PF-5190457) and included a fixed-dose oral alcohol administration experiment. Alcohol hangover data were collected the morning after each alcohol administration experiment using the Acute Hangover Scale (AHS). IV ghrelin, compared to placebo, significantly reduced alcohol hangover after IV-ASA (p = 0.04) and alcohol clamp (p = 0.04); PF-5190457 had no significant effect on AHS scores. Females reported significantly higher hangover symptoms than males following the IV-ASA experiment (p = 0.04), but no gender × drug condition (ghrelin vs. placebo) effect was found. AHS total scores were positively correlated with peak subjective responses, including 'stimulation' (p = 0.08), 'sedation' (p = 0.009), 'feel high' (p = 0.05), and 'feel intoxicated' (p = 0.03) during the IV-ASA. IV ghrelin blunted the positive association between alcohol sedation and hangover as shown by trend-level drug × sedation effect (p = 0.08). This is the first study showing that exogenous ghrelin administration, but not ghrelin receptor inverse agonism, affects hangover symptoms. Future research should investigate the potential mechanism(s) underlying this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhnia
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary R Lee
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa A Farinelli
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fatemeh Akhlaghi
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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18
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Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Zanardini R, Tosato S, Ventriglia M, Ferrari C, Bonetto C, Lasalvia A, Giubilini F, Fioritti A, Pileggi F, Pratelli M, Pavanati M, Favaro A, De Girolamo G, Frisoni GB, Ruggeri M, Gennarelli M. Immune and metabolic alterations in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:315-324. [PMID: 29548996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular underpinnings associated to first episode psychosis (FEP) remains to be elucidated, but compelling evidence supported an association of FEP with blood alterations in biomarkers related to immune system, growth factors and metabolism regulators. Many of these studies have not been already confirmed in larger samples or have not considered the FEP diagnostic subgroups. In order to identify biochemical signatures of FEP, the serum levels of the growth factors BDNF and VEGF, the immune regulators IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17, RANTES/CCL5, MIP-1b/CCL4, IL-8 and the metabolic regulators C-peptide, ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, PAI-1, resistin and visfatin were analysed in 260 subjects collected in the GET UP project. The results indicated an increase of MIP-1b/CCL4, VEGF, IL-6 and PAI-1, while IL-17, ghrelin, glucagon and GLP-1 were decreased in the whole sample of FEP patients (p < 0.01 for all markers except for PAI-1 p < 0.05). No differences were evidenced for these markers among the diagnostic groups that constitute the FEP sample, whereas IL-8 is increased only in patients with a diagnosis of affective psychosis. The principal component analysis (PCA) and variable importance analysis (VIA) indicated that MIP-1b/CCL4, ghrelin, glucagon, VEGF and GLP-1 were the variables mostly altered in FEP patients. On the contrary, none of the analysed markers nor a combination of them can discriminate between FEP diagnostic subgroups. These data evidence a profile of immune and metabolic alterations in FEP patients, providing new information on the molecular mechanism associated to the psychosis onset for the development of preventive strategies and innovative treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto
- IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate (Como), Italy.
| | | | - Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mariacarla Ventriglia
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation, AFaR Division, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonetto
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Unit of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Michele Pavanati
- Department of Medical Sciences of Communication and Behavior, Section of Psychiatry, The Consultation-Liaison Psychiatric Service and Psychiatric Unit, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua and Azienda Ospedaliera, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Battista Frisoni
- IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Dept. of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Italy
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Merali Z, Cayer C, Kent P, Liu R, Cal V, Harris CS, Arnason JT. Sacred Maya incense, copal (Protium copal - Burseraceae), has antianxiety effects in animal models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:63-70. [PMID: 29414121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Maya have traditionally used copal, Protium copal, as incense during ceremonies since pre-Columbian times. Anecdotally, copal (when burned as incense), is thought to elicit mentally uplifting and calming effects. The main objective of this study was to determine whether the incense elicits anxiolytic-like behavior in animal models using rats. A second objective was to characterize active constituents and discern potential mechanism(s) of action, specifically the involvement of the GABAergic and endocannabinoid (eCB) systems. Despite the extensive Central American use of this resin, there are currently no known scientific behavioral or pharmacological studies done with the incense. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantification of the triterpenes in the copal resin and cold trapped incense was achieved by HPLC MS. Behavioral effects in rats were assessed using the elevated plus maze (EPM), social interaction (SI) test, conditioned emotion response (CER) and Novel object recognition (NOR) paradigms. Rats were exposed to burning copal (200 mg) over 5 min in a smoking chamber apparatus and then immediately tested in each behavioral paradigm. Follow-up SI tests were done using two antagonists flumazenil (1 mg/kg) and AM251 (1 mg/kg) administered systemically. Inhibition of MAGL (monoacylglycerol lipase) was measured by microplate assay with recombinant human enzyme and probe substrate. RESULTS Phytochemical analysis revealed that copal resin and incense had high α- and β-amyrins and low lupeol triterpene content. Exposure to Protium copal incense significantly reduced anxiety-like behavior in the SI and CER tests. In contrast, no anxiolytic effects were observed in the EPM. The CER effect was time dependent. Both flumazenil and AM251 blocked the anxiolytic activity of copal revealing the involvement of GABAergic and endocannabinoid systems. Copal, as well as the identified triterpenes, potently inhibited monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity in vitro (IC50 ≤ 811 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that copal incense from Protium copal elicits anxiolytic-like effects in fear and social interaction models as evidenced by a reduced learned fear behavior and an increase in active social interaction. It's high α and β-amyrin content suggests behavioral effects may be mediated, in part, by the known action of these terpenes at the benzodiazepine receptor. Furthermore, P. copal's observed activity through the eCB system via MAGL offers a new potential mechanism underlying the anxiolytic activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Anxiety Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology
- Anxiety/metabolism
- Anxiety/prevention & control
- Anxiety/psychology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Burseraceae/chemistry
- Carrier Proteins/drug effects
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Ceremonial Behavior
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/isolation & purification
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Exploratory Behavior/drug effects
- Fear/drug effects
- Flumazenil/pharmacology
- Humans
- Male
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Monoacylglycerol Lipases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Monoacylglycerol Lipases/metabolism
- Phytotherapy
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Resins, Plant/chemistry
- Resins, Plant/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Social Behavior
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Affiliation(s)
- Zul Merali
- Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Z 6K4; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5; Scientific Director of Canadian Depression Research & Intervention Network (CDRIN), Canada
| | - Christian Cayer
- Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Z 6K4; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5; Scientific Director of Canadian Depression Research & Intervention Network (CDRIN), Canada
| | - Pamela Kent
- Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Z 6K4; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5; Scientific Director of Canadian Depression Research & Intervention Network (CDRIN), Canada
| | - Rui Liu
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Victor Cal
- Belize Indigenous Training Institute, Punta Gorda, Belize
| | - Cory S Harris
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
| | - John T Arnason
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
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Fan J, Li BJ, Wang XF, Zhong LL, Cui RJ. Ghrelin produces antidepressant-like effect in the estrogen deficient mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58964-58973. [PMID: 28938610 PMCID: PMC5601706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that ghrelin plays an important role in depression. However, it was little known whether ghrelin produces antidepressant-like effect in the ovariectomized mice. The present study was aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of the ghrelin in ovariectomized mice. In the forced swim test, ghrelin significantly decreased immobility time, reversing the “depressive-like” effect observed in ovariectomized mice, and this effect was reversed by the tamoxifen. In addition, immunohistochemical study indicated that ghrelin treatment reversed the reductions in c-Fos expression induced by ovariectomy. An estrogen antagonist tamoxifen also antagonized the effect of ghrelin on the c-Fos expression. Furthermore, the western blotting indicated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, but not phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB)/CREB in the frontal cortex, were affected by ghrelin treatment. Ghrelin treatment significantly increased BrdU expression. Therefore, these findings suggest that ghrelin produces antidepressant-like effects in ovariectomized mice, and estrogen receptor may be involved in the antidepressant-like effects of the ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Bing Jin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xue Feng Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Li Li Zhong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ran Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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21
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Ricken R, Bopp S, Schlattmann P, Himmerich H, Bschor T, Richter C, Elstner S, Stamm TJ, Schulz-Ratei B, Lingesleben A, Reischies FM, Sterzer P, Borgwardt S, Bauer M, Heinz A, Hellweg R, Lang UE, Adli M. Ghrelin Serum Concentrations Are Associated with Treatment Response During Lithium Augmentation of Antidepressants. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:692-697. [PMID: 28911006 PMCID: PMC5581484 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lithium augmentation of antidepressants is an effective strategy in treatment-resistant depression. The proteohormone ghrelin is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of treatment response with the course of ghrelin levels during lithium augmentation. METHOD Ghrelin serum concentrations and severity of depression were measured in 85 acute depressive patients before and after 4 weeks of lithium augmentation. RESULTS In a linear mixed model analysis, we found a significant effect of response*time interaction (F1.81=9.48; P=.0028): under treatment, ghrelin levels increased in nonresponders and slightly decreased in responders to lithium augmentation. The covariate female gender had a significant positive effect (F1.83=4.69; P=.033), whereas time, response, appetite, and body mass index (kg/m2) did not show any significant effect on ghrelin levels (P>.05). CONCLUSION This is the first study showing that the course of ghrelin levels separates responders and nonresponders to lithium augmentation. Present results support the hypothesis that ghrelin serum concentrations might be involved in response to pharmacological treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Ricken
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor).,Correspondence: Roland Ricken, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ()
| | - Sandra Bopp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Tom Bschor
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Christoph Richter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Samuel Elstner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Thomas J Stamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Brigitte Schulz-Ratei
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Alexandra Lingesleben
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Friedel M Reischies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Philipp Sterzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Rainer Hellweg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
| | - Mazda Adli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Drs Ricken, Bopp, Richter, Stamm, Sterzer, Heinz, Hellweg, and Adli); Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany (Dr Schlattmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Himmerich); King’s College London, London, Great Britain (Dr Himmerich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Bschor); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany (Dr Richter); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Berlin, Germany (Dr Elstner); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany (Dr Stamm); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Dr Schulz-Ratei); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (Dr Lingesleben); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh-Klinik, Berlin, Germany (Dr Reischies); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland (Drs Borgwardt and Lang); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Drs Bauer and Bschor)
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Huang HJ, Zhu XC, Han QQ, Wang YL, Yue N, Wang J, Yu R, Li B, Wu GC, Liu Q, Yu J. Ghrelin alleviates anxiety- and depression-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in rodents. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:33-43. [PMID: 28245976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a regulator of food intake, ghrelin also plays a key role in mood disorders. Previous studies reported that acute ghrelin administration defends against depressive symptoms of chronic stress. However, the effects of long-term ghrelin on rodents under chronic stress hasn't been revealed. In this study, we found chronic peripheral administration of ghrelin (5nmol/kg/day for 2 weeks, i.p.) could alleviate anxiety- and depression-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The depression-like behaviors were assessed by the forced swimming test (FST), and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed by the open field test (OFT) and the elevated plus maze test (EPM). Meanwhile, we observed that peripheral acylated ghrelin, together with gastral and hippocampal ghrelin prepropeptide mRNA level, were significantly up-regulated in CUMS mice. Besides, the increased protein level of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) in hippocampus were also detected. These results suggested that the endogenous ghrelin/GHSR pathway activated by CUMS plays a role in homeostasis. Further results showed that central treatment of ghrelin (10μg/rat/day for 2 weeks, i.c.v.) or GHRP-6 (the agonist of GHSR, 10μg/rat/day for 2 weeks, i.c.v.) significantly alleviated the depression-like behaviors induced by CUMS in FST and sucrose preference test (SPT). Based on these results, we concluded that central GHSR is involved in the antidepressant-like effect of exogenous ghrelin treatment, and ghrelin/GHSR may have the inherent neuromodulatory properties against depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Cang Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiu-Qin Han
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Lin Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Na Yue
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing Li
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Gen-Cheng Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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23
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Chrysin promotes attenuation of depressive-like behavior and hippocampal dysfunction resulting from olfactory bulbectomy in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:154-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Landrigan J, Shawaf F, Dwyer Z, Abizaid A, Hayley S. Interactive effects of ghrelin and ketamine on forced swim performance: Implications for novel antidepressant strategies. Neurosci Lett 2016; 669:55-58. [PMID: 27524676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of ketamine to alleviate depressive symptoms has promoted a wealth of research exploring alternate therapeutic targets for depression. Given the caveats of ketamine treatment taken together with the increasingly greater emphasis on combinatorial therapeutic approaches to depression, we sought to asses whether the hypothalamic "hunger hormone", ghrelin, would augment the effects of ketamine. Indeed, ghrelin has recently been found to possess antidepressant potential and may be especially effective against the metabolic and feeding deficits observed with depression. Two studies were performed: 1. mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of ghrelin (80μg/kg) or saline, followed by a saline or a low or high dose of ketamine (5 or 10mg/kg) and 2. mice received 10mg/kg of ketamine together with saline or the ghrelin receptor antagonist JMV2959 (3 or 6mg/kg) and Forced Swim Test (FST) performance was assessed. In both studies, ketamine alone reduced FST immobility. Similarly, ghrelin alone reduced swim immobility suggesting an antidepressant-like response. However, ghrelin did not augment the impact of ketamine when co-administered and in fact, it appeared to antagonize its actions at the lower dose. As well, JMV2959 did not significantly influence FST performance. These data confirm the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine and further suggest that ghrelin might have similar properties. Yet, our results caution against combinatorial treatment with these agents, probably owing to unexpected allosteric or other antagonist actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Landrigan
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Farah Shawaf
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Zach Dwyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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25
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Kohno K, Terao T, Hatano K, Kodama K, Makino M, Mizokami Y, Kamei K, Sakai A, Shirahama M, Hirakawa H, Kashino G, Matsumoto S, Mori H, Ohashi K, Yano T. Postcomparison of [(18) F]-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the brain after short-term bright light exposure and no intervention. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134:65-72. [PMID: 27028708 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bright light therapy is widely used as the treatment of choice for seasonal affective disorder. Nonetheless, our understanding of the mechanisms of bright light is limited and it is important to investigate the mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to examine the hypothesis that bright light exposure may increase [(18) F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in olfactory bulb and/or hippocampus which may be associated neurogenesis in the human brain. METHOD A randomized controlled trial comparing 5-day bright light exposure + environmental light (bright light exposure group) with environmental light alone (no intervention group) was performed for 55 participants in a university hospital. The uptake of [(18) F]FDG in olfactory bulb and hippocampus using FDG positron emission tomography was compared between two groups. RESULTS There was a significant increase of uptake in both right and left olfactory bulb for bright light exposure group vs. no intervention group. After adjustment of log-transformed illuminance, there remained a significant increase of uptake in the right olfactory bulb. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest a possibility that 5-day bright light exposure may increase [(18) F]FDG in the right olfactory bulb of the human brain, suggesting a possibility of neurogenesis. Further studies are warranted to directly confirm this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kohno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - T Terao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - K Hatano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - K Kodama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - M Makino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - Y Mizokami
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - K Kamei
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - A Sakai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - M Shirahama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - H Hirakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - G Kashino
- Advanced Molecular Imaging Center, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - S Matsumoto
- Department of Radiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - H Mori
- Department of Radiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - K Ohashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
| | - T Yano
- Advanced Molecular Imaging Center, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan.,Engineering Department, Industrial Equipment Division, Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan
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26
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Holubova K, Kleteckova L, Skurlova M, Ricny J, Stuchlik A, Vales K. Rapamycin blocks the antidepressant effect of ketamine in task-dependent manner. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2077-2097. [PMID: 27004790 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to test whether ketamine produces an antidepressant effect in animal model of olfactory bulbectomy and assess the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in ketamine's antidepressant effect. METHODS Bulbectomized (OBX) rats and sham controls were assigned to four subgroups according to the treatment they received (ketamine, saline, ketamine + rapamycin, and saline + rapamycin). The animals were subjected to open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), passive avoidance (PA), Morris water maze (MWM), and Carousel maze (CM) tests. Blood samples were collected before and after drug administration for analysis of phosphorylated mTOR level. After behavioral testing, brains were removed for evaluation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. RESULTS Ketamine normalized hyperactivity of OBX animals in EPM and increased the time spent in open arms. Rapamycin pretreatment resulted in elimination of ketamine effect in EPM test. In CM test, ketamine + rapamycin administration led to cognitive impairment not observed in saline-, ketamine-, or saline + rapamycin-treated OBX rats. Prefrontal BDNF content was significantly decreased, and level of mTOR was significantly elevated in OBX groups. CONCLUSIONS OBX animals significantly differed from sham controls in most of the tests used. Treatment had more profound effect on OBX phenotype than controls. Pretreatment with rapamycin eliminated the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of ketamine in task-dependent manner. The results indicate that ketamine + rapamycin application resulted in impaired stress responses manifested by cognitive deficits in active place avoidance (CM) test. Intensity of stressor (mild vs. severe) used in the behavioral tests had opposite effect on controls and on OBX animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Holubova
- The Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Prague East, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kleteckova
- The Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Prague East, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Skurlova
- The Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Prague East, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ricny
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Prague East, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- The Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- The Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic. .,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Prague East, Czech Republic.
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Szakács J, Csabafi K, Lipták N, Szabó G. The effect of obestatin on anxiety-like behaviour in mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 293:41-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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François M, Schaefer JM, Bole-Feysot C, Déchelotte P, Verhulst FC, Fetissov SO. Ghrelin-reactive immunoglobulins and anxiety, depression and stress-induced cortisol response in adolescents. The TRAILS study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 59:1-7. [PMID: 25562566 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin, a hunger hormone, has been implicated in the regulation of stress-response, anxiety and depression. Ghrelin-reactive immunoglobulins (Ig) were recently identified in healthy and obese humans showing abilities to increase ghrelin's stability and orexigenic effects. Here we studied if ghrelin-reactive Ig are associated with anxiety and depression and with the stress-induced cortisol response in a general population of adolescents. Furthermore, to test the possible infectious origin of ghrelin-reactive Ig, their levels were compared with serum IgG against common viruses. METHODS We measured ghrelin-reactive IgM, IgG and IgA in serum samples of 1199 adolescents from the Dutch TRAILS study and tested their associations with 1) anxiety and depression symptoms assessed with the Youth Self-Report, 2) stress-induced salivary cortisol levels and 3) IgG against human herpesvirus 1, 2, 4 and 6 and Influenza A and B viruses. RESULTS Ghrelin-reactive IgM and IgG correlated positively with levels of antibodies against Influenza A virus. Ghrelin-reactive IgM correlated negatively with antibodies against Influenza B virus. Ghrelin-reactive IgM correlated positively with anxiety scores in girls and ghrelin-reactive IgG correlated with stress-induced cortisol secretion, but these associations were weak and not significant after correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSION These data indicate that production of ghrelin-reactive autoantibodies could be influenced by viral infections. Serum levels of ghrelin-reactive autoantibodies probably do not play a role in regulating anxiety, depression and the stress-response in adolescents from the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie François
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, 76183, France
| | - Johanna M Schaefer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, 76183, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, 76183, France
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sergueï O Fetissov
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, 76183, France.
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Millan MJ, Goodwin GM, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Ove Ögren S. Learning from the past and looking to the future: Emerging perspectives for improving the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:599-656. [PMID: 25836356 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modern neuropsychopharmacology commenced in the 1950s with the serendipitous discovery of first-generation antipsychotics and antidepressants which were therapeutically effective yet had marked adverse effects. Today, a broader palette of safer and better-tolerated agents is available for helping people that suffer from schizophrenia, depression and other psychiatric disorders, while complementary approaches like psychotherapy also have important roles to play in their treatment, both alone and in association with medication. Nonetheless, despite considerable efforts, current management is still only partially effective, and highly-prevalent psychiatric disorders of the brain continue to represent a huge personal and socio-economic burden. The lack of success in discovering more effective pharmacotherapy has contributed, together with many other factors, to a relative disengagement by pharmaceutical firms from neuropsychiatry. Nonetheless, interest remains high, and partnerships are proliferating with academic centres which are increasingly integrating drug discovery and translational research into their traditional activities. This is, then, a time of transition and an opportune moment to thoroughly survey the field. Accordingly, the present paper, first, chronicles the discovery and development of psychotropic agents, focusing in particular on their mechanisms of action and therapeutic utility, and how problems faced were eventually overcome. Second, it discusses the lessons learned from past successes and failures, and how they are being applied to promote future progress. Third, it comprehensively surveys emerging strategies that are (1), improving our understanding of the diagnosis and classification of psychiatric disorders; (2), deepening knowledge of their underlying risk factors and pathophysiological substrates; (3), refining cellular and animal models for discovery and validation of novel therapeutic agents; (4), improving the design and outcome of clinical trials; (5), moving towards reliable biomarkers of patient subpopulations and medication efficacy and (6), promoting collaborative approaches to innovation by uniting key partners from the regulators, industry and academia to patients. Notwithstanding the challenges ahead, the many changes and ideas articulated herein provide new hope and something of a framework for progress towards the improved prevention and relief of psychiatric and other CNS disorders, an urgent mission for our Century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Pole for Innovation in Neurosciences, IDR Servier, 125 chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France.
| | - Guy M Goodwin
- University Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, England, UK
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sven Ove Ögren
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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The P7C3 class of neuroprotective compounds exerts antidepressant efficacy in mice by increasing hippocampal neurogenesis. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:500-8. [PMID: 24751964 PMCID: PMC4206684 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Augmenting hippocampal neurogenesis represents a potential new strategy for treating depression. Here we test this possibility by comparing hippocampal neurogenesis in depression-prone ghrelin receptor (Ghsr)-null mice to that in wild-type littermates and by determining the antidepressant efficacy of the P7C3 class of neuroprotective compounds. Exposure of Ghsr-null mice to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) elicits more severe depressive-like behavior than in CSDS-exposed wild-type littermates, and exposure of Ghsr-null mice to 60% caloric restriction fails to elicit antidepressant-like behavior. CSDS resulted in more severely reduced cell proliferation and survival in the ventral dentate gyrus (DG) subgranular zone of Ghsr-null mice than in that of wild-type littermates. Also, caloric restriction increased apoptosis of DG subgranular zone cells in Ghsr-null mice, although it had the opposite effect in wild-type littermates. Systemic treatment with P7C3 during CSDS increased survival of proliferating DG cells, which ultimately developed into mature (NeuN+) neurons. Notably, P7C3 exerted a potent antidepressant-like effect in Ghsr-null mice exposed to either CSDS or caloric restriction, while the more highly active analog P7C3-A20 also exerted an antidepressant-like effect in wild-type littermates. Focal ablation of hippocampal stem cells with radiation eliminated this antidepressant effect, further attributing the P7C3 class antidepressant effect to its neuroprotective properties and resultant augmentation of hippocampal neurogenesis. Finally, P7C3-A20 demonstrated greater proneurogenic efficacy than a wide spectrum of currently marketed antidepressant drugs. Taken together, our data confirm the role of aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis in the etiology of depression and suggest that the neuroprotective P7C3-compounds represent a novel strategy for treating patients with this disease.
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Wittekind DA, Kluge M. Ghrelin in psychiatric disorders - A review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 52:176-94. [PMID: 25459900 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide hormone, first described in 1999 and broadly expressed in the organism. As the only known orexigenic hormone secreted in the periphery, it increases hunger and appetite, promoting food intake. Ghrelin has also been shown to be involved in various physiological processes being regulated in the central nervous system such as sleep, mood, memory and reward. Accordingly, it has been implicated in a series of psychiatric disorders, making it subject of increasing investigation, with knowledge rapidly accumulating. This review aims at providing a concise yet comprehensive overview of the role of ghrelin in psychiatric disorders. Ghrelin was consistently shown to exert neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects and alleviated psychopathology in animal models of dementia. Few human studies show a disruption of the ghrelin system in dementia. It was also shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of addictive disorders, promoting drug reward, enhancing drug seeking behavior and increasing craving in both animals and humans. Ghrelin's exact role in depression and anxiety is still being debated, as it was shown to both promote and alleviate depressive and anxiety-behavior in animal studies, with an overweight of evidence suggesting antidepressant effects. Not surprisingly, the ghrelin system is also implicated in eating disorders, however its exact role remains to be elucidated. Its widespread involvement has made the ghrelin system a promising target for future therapies, with encouraging findings in recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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32
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Ghrelin effects expression of several genes associated with depression-like behavior. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 56:227-34. [PMID: 25286107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin (Ghr) is an orexigenic peptide that is being investigated for its potential role in development of anxiety-like behavior and modulation of depressive-like symptoms induced by bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OB) in rodents. Olfactory bulbectomy is an animal model useful to study of depression and Ghr could be an alternative therapeutic tool in depression therapy. We studied the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) Ghr administration on the expression of hypothalamic genes related to depression and mood (delta opioid receptor (DOR), mu opioid receptor (MOR) and kappa opioid receptor (KOR), lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor (LHCGR), serotonin transporter (SERT), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b), vasopressin (AVP) and corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)) in OB animals, as well as changes in plasma levels of AVP, CRH and adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). We found that acute Ghr 0.3 nmol/μl administration increases gene expression of DOR, SERT and LHCGR in OB mice and decreased expression of IL-1b, suggesting that these genes could be involved in the antidepressant-like effects of Ghr. In addition, OB animals exhibit high AVP gene expression and elevated plasma concentrations of AVP and ACTH and acute Ghr 0.3 nmol/μl administration reduces AVP gene expression and the concentration of these hormones, suggesting that peptide-effects on depressive-like behavior could be mediated at least in part via AVP. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence about genes, receptors and hormones involved in the antidepressant mechanism/s induced by Ghr in OB animals.
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Wang P, Liu C, Liu L, Zhang X, Ren B, Li B. The Antidepressant-like Effects of Estrogen-mediated Ghrelin. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:524-35. [PMID: 26412072 PMCID: PMC4790402 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x1304150831120650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, one of the brain-gut peptides, stimulates food-intake. Recently, ghrelin has also shown to play an important role in depression treatment. However, the mechanism of ghrelin's antidepressant-like actions is unknown. On the other hand, sex differences in depression, and the fluctuation of estrogens secretion have been proved to play a key role in depression. It has been reported that women have higher level of ghrelin expression, and ghrelin can stimulate estrogen secretion while estrogen acts as a positive feedback mechanism to up-regulate ghrelin level. Ghrelin may be a potential regulator of reproductive function, and estrogen may have additional effect in ghrelin's antidepressantlike actions. In this review, we summarize antidepressant-like effects of ghrelin and estrogen in basic and clinical studies, and provide new insight on ghrelin's effect in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Changhong Liu
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Lei Liu
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- Jilin provincial key
laboratory on molecular and chemical genetic, Second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
130024, China
| | - Bingzhong Ren
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Bingjin Li
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
- Jilin provincial key
laboratory on molecular and chemical genetic, Second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
130024, China
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Crazy like a fox. Validity and ethics of animal models of human psychiatric disease. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2014; 23:140-51. [PMID: 24534739 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180113000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of human disease play a central role in modern biomedical science. Developing animal models for human mental illness presents unique practical and philosophical challenges. In this article we argue that (1) existing animal models of psychiatric disease are not valid, (2) attempts to model syndromes are undermined by current nosology, (3) models of symptoms are rife with circular logic and anthropomorphism, (4) any model must make unjustified assumptions about subjective experience, and (5) any model deemed valid would be inherently unethical, for if an animal adequately models human subjective experience, then there is no morally relevant difference between that animal and a human.
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On 'polypharmacy' and multi-target agents, complementary strategies for improving the treatment of depression: a comparative appraisal. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1009-37. [PMID: 23719026 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a heterogeneous disorder, both in terms of symptoms, ranging from anhedonia to cognitive impairment, and in terms of pathogenesis, with many interacting genetic, epigenetic, developmental and environmental causes. Accordingly, it seems unlikely that depressive states could be fully controlled by a drug possessing one discrete mechanism of action and, in the wake of disappointing results with several classes of highly selective agent, multi-modal treatment concepts are attracting attention. As concerns pharmacotherapy, there are essentially two core strategies. First, multi-target antidepressants that act via two or more complementary mechanisms and, second, polypharmacy, which refers to co-administration of two distinct drugs, usually in separate pills. Both multi-target agents and polypharmacy ideally couple a therapeutically unexploited action to a clinically established mechanism in order to enhance efficacy, moderate side-effects, accelerate onset of action and treat a broader range of symptoms. The melatonin MT1/MT2 agonist and 5-HT(2C) antagonist, agomelatine, which is effective in the short- and long-term treatment of depression, exemplifies the former approach, while evidence-based polypharmacy is illustrated by the adjunctive use of second-generation antipsychotics with serotonin reuptake inhibitors for treatment of resistant depression. Histone acetylation and methylation, ghrelin signalling, inflammatory modulators, metabotropic glutamate-7 receptors and trace amine-associated-1 receptors comprise attractive substrates for new multi-target and polypharmaceutical strategies. The present article outlines the rationale underpinning multi-modal approaches for treating depression, and critically compares and contrasts the pros and cons of established and potentially novel multi-target vs. polypharmaceutical treatments. On balance, the former appear the most promising for the elaboration, development and clinical implementation of innovative concepts for the more effective management of depression.
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Lee CY, Abizaid A. The gut-brain-axis as a target to treat stress-induced obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:117. [PMID: 25101055 PMCID: PMC4102906 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chooi Yeng Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- *Correspondence:
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Fang P, Shi M, Yu M, Guo L, Bo P, Zhang Z. Endogenous peptides as risk markers to assess the development of insulin resistance. Peptides 2014; 51:9-14. [PMID: 24184593 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, the reciprocal of insulin sensitivity, is known to be a characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is regarded as an important mechanism in the pathogenesis. The hallmark of insulin resistance is a gradual break-down of insulin-regulative glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissues in subjects. Insulin resistance is increasingly estimated in various disease conditions to examine and assess their etiology, pathogenesis and consequences. Although our understanding of insulin resistance has tremendously been improved in recent years, certain aspects of its estimation and etiology still remain elusive to clinicians and researchers. There are numerous factors involved in pathogenesis and mechanisms of insulin resistance. Recent studies have provided compelling clues about some peptides and proteins, including galanin, galanin-like peptide, ghrelin, adiponectin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and CRP, which may be used to simplify and to improve the determination of insulin resistance. And alterations of these peptide levels may be recognized as risk markers of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review examines the updated information for these peptides, highlighting the relations between these peptide levels and insulin resistance. The plasma high ghrelin, RBP4 and CRP as well as low galanin, GALP and adiponectin levels may be taken as the markers of deteriorating insulin resistance. An increase in the knowledge of these marker proteins and peptides will help us correctly diagnose and alleviate insulin resistance in clinic and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Research Institution of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Mingyi Shi
- Research Institution of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Lili Guo
- Research Institution of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Ping Bo
- Research Institution of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Research Institution of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China.
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Homan P, Grob S, Milos G, Schnyder U, Hasler G. Reduction in total plasma ghrelin levels following catecholamine depletion: relation to bulimic and depressive symptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:1545-52. [PMID: 23333252 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing preclinical and clinical evidence of the important role played by the gastric peptide hormone ghrelin in the pathogenesis of symptoms of depression and eating disorders. To investigate the role of ghrelin and its considered counterpart, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), in the development of bulimic and depressive symptoms induced by catecholamine depletion, we administered the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha-methyl-paratyrosine (AMPT) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover, single-site experimental trial to 29 healthy controls and 20 subjects with fully recovered bulimia nervosa (rBN). We found a decrease between preprandial and postprandial plasma ghrelin levels (p<0.0001) and a postprandial rise in plasma PYY levels (p<0.0001) in both conditions in the entire study population. Plasma ghrelin levels decreased in the entire study population after treatment with AMPT compared to placebo (p<0.006). AMPT-induced changes in plasma ghrelin levels were negatively correlated with AMPT-induced depressive symptoms (p<0.004). Plasma ghrelin and plasma PYY levels were also negatively correlated (p<0.05). We did not observe a difference in ghrelin or PYY response to catecholamine depletion between rBN subjects and healthy controls, and there was no correlation between plasma ghrelin and PYY levels and bulimic symptoms induced by catecholamine depletion. These findings suggest a relationship between catecholamines and ghrelin with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Homan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Díaz D, Gómez C, Muñoz-Castañeda R, Baltanás F, Alonso JR, Weruaga E. The Olfactory System as a Puzzle: Playing With Its Pieces. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1383-400. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair; Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Area of Gene and Cell Therapy; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL; Salamanca Spain
| | - C. Gómez
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair; Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology of the Cancer, IBMCC, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - R. Muñoz-Castañeda
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair; Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Area of Gene and Cell Therapy; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL; Salamanca Spain
| | - F. Baltanás
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair; Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology of the Cancer, IBMCC, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - J. R. Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair; Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Area of Gene and Cell Therapy; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL; Salamanca Spain
- Institute for High Research, Universidad de Tarapacá; Arica Chile
| | - E. Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair; Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Area of Gene and Cell Therapy; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL; Salamanca Spain
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Freitas AE, Machado DG, Budni J, Neis VB, Balen GO, Lopes MW, de Souza LF, Veronezi PO, Heller M, Micke GA, Pizzolatti MG, Dafre AL, Leal RB, Rodrigues ALS. Antidepressant-like action of the bark ethanolic extract from Tabebuia avellanedae in the olfactory bulbectomized mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:737-745. [PMID: 23237932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb is a plant employed in tropical America folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases, including depressive disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the ability of Tabebuia avellanedae ethanolic extract (EET) administered chronically to cause an antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension test (TST), a predictive test of antidepressant activity, and to reverse behavioral (hyperactivity, anhedonic-like behavior and increased immobility time in the TST) and biochemical changes induced by olfactory bulbectomy (OB), a model of depression, in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were submitted to OB to induce depressive-related behaviors, which were evaluated in the open-field test (hyperactivity), splash test (loss of motivational and self-care behavior indicative of an anhedonic-like behavior) and TST (increased immobility time). Phosphorylation levels of Akt, GSK-3β, ERK1/2 and CREB, as well as BDNF immunocontent, were evaluated in the hippocampus of bulbectomized mice or sham-operated mice treated for 14 days by p.o. route with EET or vehicle. RESULTS EET (10 and 30mg/kg) given 14 days by p.o route to mice reduced the immobility time in the TST without altering locomotor activity, an indicative of an antidepressant-like effect. EET per se increased both CREB (Ser(133)) and GSK-3β (Ser(9)) phosphorylation (at doses of 10-30 and 30mg/kg, respectively) in sham-operated mice. OB caused hyperactivity, loss of motivational and self-care behavior, increased immobility time in the TST and an increase in CREB and ERK1 phosphorylation, as well as BDNF immunocontent. EET abolished all these OB-induced alterations except the increment of CREB phosphorylation. Akt (Ser(473)) and ERK2 phosphorylation levels were not altered in any group. CONCLUSIONS EET ability to abolish the behavioral changes induced by OB was accompanied by modulation of ERK1 and BDNF signaling pathways, being a promising target of EET. Results indicate that this plant could constitute an attractive strategy for the management of depressive disorders, once more validating the traditional use of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andiara E Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
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Machado DG, Cunha MP, Neis VB, Balen GO, Colla A, Grando J, Brocardo PS, Bettio LEB, Capra JC, Rodrigues ALS. Fluoxetine reverses depressive-like behaviors and increases hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity induced by olfactory bulbectomy. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:220-9. [PMID: 22960127 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory bulbectomy (OB) is an animal model of depression that results in behavioral, neurochemical and neuroendocrinological changes, features comparable to those seen in depressive patients. This study investigated OB-induced alterations in locomotor activity and exploratory behavior in the open-field test, self-care and motivational behavior in the splash test, hyperactivity in the novel object test and novel cage test, and the influence of chronic treatment with fluoxetine (10mg/kg, p.o., once daily for 14days) on these parameters. Fluoxetine reversed OB-induced hyperactivity in the open-field test, locomotor hyperactivity and the increase in exploratory behavior induced by novelty in the novel object and novel cage tests, and the loss of self-care and motivational behavior in the splash test. Moreover, OB decreased the number of grooming and fecal boli in the open-field and novel cage tests, alterations that were not reversed by fluoxetine. OB caused an increase in hippocampal, but not in prefrontal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Fluoxetine was able to reverse the increase in hippocampal AChE activity induced by OB. Serum corticosterone was increased in SHAM and bulbectomized mice treated with fluoxetine. In conclusion, OB mice exhibited depressive-like behaviors associated with an increase in hippocampal AChE activity, effects that were reversed by chronic treatment with fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele G Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade - 88040-900, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
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