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Guo X, Zhu S, Xue Y, Lin Y, Mao J, Li S, Liang C, Lu X, Tian J. The Stylo Cysteine-Rich Peptide SgSnakin1 Is Involved in Aluminum Tolerance through Enhancing Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6672. [PMID: 38928379 PMCID: PMC11204226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stylo (Stylosanthes spp.) is an important pasture legume with strong aluminum (Al) resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its Al tolerance remain fragmentary. Due to the incomplete genome sequence information of stylo, we first conducted full-length transcriptome sequencing for stylo root tips treated with and without Al and identified three Snakin/GASA genes, namely, SgSnakin1, SgSnakin2, and SgSnakin3. Through quantitative RT-PCR, we found that only SgSnakin1 was significantly upregulated by Al treatments in stylo root tips. Histochemical localization assays further verified the Al-enhanced expression of SgSnakin1 in stylo root tips. Subcellular localization in both tobacco and onion epidermis cells showed that SgSnakin1 localized to the cell wall. Overexpression of SgSnakin1 conferred Al tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis, as reflected by higher relative root growth and cell vitality, as well as lower Al concentration in the roots of transgenic plants. Additionally, overexpression of SgSnakin1 increased the activities of SOD and POD and decreased the levels of O2·- and H2O2 in transgenic Arabidopsis in response to Al stress. These findings indicate that SgSnakin1 may function in Al resistance by enhancing the scavenging of reactive oxygen species through the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiong Guo
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Shengnan Zhu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China;
| | - Yingbin Xue
- College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Yan Lin
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Jingying Mao
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Shuyue Li
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Cuiyue Liang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Xing Lu
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Jiang Tian
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
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Nahirñak V, Almasia NI, Lia VV, Hopp HE, Vazquez Rovere C. Unveiling the defensive role of Snakin-3, a member of the subfamily III of Snakin/GASA peptides in potatoes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:47. [PMID: 38302779 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The first in-depth characterization of a subfamily III Snakin/GASA member was performed providing experimental evidence on promoter activity and subcellular localization and unveiling a role of potato Snakin-3 in defense Snakin/GASA proteins share 12 cysteines in conserved positions in the C-terminal region. Most of them were involved in different aspects of plant growth and development, while a small number of these peptides were reported to have antimicrobial activity or participate in abiotic stress tolerance. In potato, 18 Snakin/GASA genes were identified and classified into three groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Snakin-1 and Snakin-2 are members of subfamilies I and II, respectively, and were reported to be implicated not only in defense against pathogens but also in plant development. In this work, we present the first in-depth characterization of Snakin-3, a member of the subfamily III within the Snakin/GASA gene family of potato. Transient co-expression of Snakin-3 fused to the green fluorescent protein and organelle markers revealed that it is located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, expression analyses via pSnakin-3::GUS transgenic plants showed GUS staining mainly in roots and vascular tissues of the stem. Moreover, GUS expression levels were increased after inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci or Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and also after auxin treatment mainly in roots and stems. To gain further insights into the function of Snakin-3 in planta, potato overexpressing lines were challenged against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum showing enhanced tolerance to this bacterial pathogen. In sum, here we report the first functional characterization of a Snakin/GASA gene from subfamily III in Solanaceae. Our findings provide experimental evidence on promoter activity and subcellular localization and reveal a role of potato Snakin-3 in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Nahirñak
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Natalia Inés Almasia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Verónica Viviana Lia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Vazquez Rovere
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina.
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Iqbal A, Khan RS. Snakins: antimicrobial potential and prospects of genetic engineering for enhanced disease resistance in plants. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8683-8690. [PMID: 37578577 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Snakins of the Snakin/Gibberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis (GASA) family are short sequenced peptides consisting of three different regions: a C-terminal GASA domain, an N-terminal signal sequence and a variable region. The GASA domain is comprised of 12 conserved cysteine residues responsible for the structural stability of the peptide. Snakins are playing a variety of roles in response to various biotic stresses such as bacterial, fungal, and nematodes infections and abiotic stress like water scarcity, saline condition, and reactive oxygen species. These properties make snakins very effective biotechnological tools for possible therapeutic and agricultural applications. This review was attempted to highlight and summarize the antifungal and antibacterial potential of snakins, also emphasizing their sequence characteristics, distributions, expression patterns and biological activities. In addition, further details of transgene expression in various plant species for enhanced fungal and bacterial resistance is also discussed, with special emphasis on their potential applications in crop protection and combating plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Raham Sher Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan.
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4
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Bouteraa MT, Ben Romdhane W, Baazaoui N, Alfaifi MY, Chouaibi Y, Ben Akacha B, Ben Hsouna A, Kačániová M, Ćavar Zeljković S, Garzoli S, Ben Saad R. GASA Proteins: Review of Their Functions in Plant Environmental Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2045. [PMID: 37653962 PMCID: PMC10223810 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is a class of functional cysteine-rich proteins characterized by an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal-conserved GASA domain with 12 invariant cysteine (Cys) residues. GASA proteins are widely distributed among plant species, and the majority of them are involved in the signal transmission of plant hormones, the regulation of plant development and growth, and the responses to different environmental constraints. To date, their action mechanisms are not completely elucidated. This review reports an overview of the diversity, structure, and subcellular localization of GASA proteins, their involvement in hormone crosstalk and redox regulation during development, and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Knowledge of this complex regulation can be a contribution to promoting multiple abiotic stress tolerance with potential agricultural applications through the engineering of genes encoding GASA proteins and the production of transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte UR13ES47, University of Carthage, BP W, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra Chouaibi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Bouthaina Ben Akacha
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Nutrition, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Mahdia 5100, Tunisia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
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Shang C, Ye T, Zhou Q, Chen P, Li X, Li W, Chen S, Hu Z, Zhang W. Genome-Wide Identification and Bioinformatics Analyses of Host Defense Peptides Snakin/GASA in Mangrove Plants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040923. [PMID: 37107683 PMCID: PMC10137857 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are components of plant defensive barriers that resist microbial infection. Members of the Snakin/GASA protein family in plants have functions of regulating plant growth, defense, and bacteriostasis. Most mangrove plants grow in coastal zones. In order to survive in harsh environments, mangrove plants have evolved complex adaptations against microbes. In this study, Snakin/GASA family members were identified and analyzed in the genomes of three mangrove species. Twenty-seven, thirteen, and nine candidate Snakin/GASA family members were found in Avicennia marina, Kandelia obovata, and Aegiceras corniculatum, respectively. These Snakin/GASA family members were identified and categorized into three subfamilies via phylogenetic analysis. The genes coding for the Snakin/GASA family members were unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Collinearity and conservative motif analyses showed that the Snakin/GASA family members in K. obovata and A. corniculatum underwent multiple gene duplication events. Snakin/GASA family member expression in normal leaves and leaves infected with pathogenic microorganisms of the three mangrove species was verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of KoGASA3 and 4, AcGASA5 and 10, and AmGASA1, 4, 5, 15, 18, and 23 increased after microbial infection. This study provides a research basis for the verification of HDPs from mangrove plants and suggests directions for the development and utilization of marine biological antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Shang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Si Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Bouteraa MT, Ben Romdhane W, Ben Hsouna A, Amor F, Ebel C, Ben Saad R. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of GASA gene family in Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (desf.) husn. (Durum wheat) unveils its involvement in environmental stress responses. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 206:113544. [PMID: 36464102 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Family members within the plant-specific gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene serve a crucial role in plant growth and development, particularly in flower induction and seed development. Through a genome-wide analysis of Triticum turgidum ssp. Durum (durum wheat), we identified 19 GASA genes, designated as TdGASA1‒19. Moreover, the chromosomal locations, exon-intron distribution and the physiochemical properties of these genes were determined and the subcellular localization of their encoded proteins was estimated. Analyses of their domain structure, motif arrangements, and phylogeny revealed four distinct groups that share a conserved GASA domain. Additionally, a real-time q-PCR analysis revealed differential expression patterns of TdGASA genes in various tissues (including leaves, roots, stems, and seeds) and in response to salinity, osmotic stress, and treatment with exogenous phytohormones (abscisic and gibberellic acid), implying that these genes may play a role in the growth, development, and stress responses of Triticum turgidum. Heterologous expression of TdGASA1, TdGASA4, TdGASA14, and TdGASA19 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae improved its tolerance to salt, osmotic, oxidative, and heat stresses, which suggests the involvement of these genes in abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. The present study is the first to identify and analyze the expression profile of T. turgidum GASA genes, therefore offering novel insights for their further functional characterization, which may serve as a novel resource for molecular breeding of durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte UR13ES47, BP W, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia; Department of Environmental Sciences and Nutrition, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, 5100, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Amor
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Unit; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, BP B1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chantal Ebel
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Unit; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, BP B1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Moyer TB, Brechbill AM, Hicks LM. Mass Spectrometric Identification of Antimicrobial Peptides from Medicinal Seeds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237304. [PMID: 34885884 PMCID: PMC8659199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicinal plants contain a variety of bioactive natural products including cysteine-rich (Cys-rich) antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Cys-rich AMPs are often crosslinked by multiple disulfide bonds which increase their resistance to chemical and enzymatic degradation. However, this class of molecules is relatively underexplored. Herein, in silico analysis predicted 80–100 Cys-rich AMPs per species from three edible traditional medicinal plants: Linum usitatissimum (flax), Trifolium pratense (red clover), and Sesamum indicum (sesame). Bottom-up proteomic analysis of seed peptide extracts revealed direct evidence for the translation of 3–10 Cys-rich AMPs per species, including lipid transfer proteins, defensins, α-hairpinins, and snakins. Negative activity revealed by antibacterial screening highlights the importance of employing a multi-pronged approach for AMP discovery. Further, this study demonstrates that flax, red clover, and sesame are promising sources for further AMP discovery and characterization.
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Tuppo L, Alessandri C, Giangrieco I, Tamburrini M, Arriaza RH, Chruszcz M, Mari A, Ciardiello MA. When the Frequencies of Sensitization and Elicitation of Allergic Reaction Do Not Correlate-The Case of Apple Gibberellin-Regulated Protein Tested in an Italian Population. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:745825. [PMID: 35387024 PMCID: PMC8974745 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.745825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The literature reports describing allergic symptoms against apples in the patients sensitized to the gibberellin-regulated proteins (GRPs) suggested the presence of an allergenic GRP in this fruit. Objective: This study aimed to assess the presence of a GRP protein in apples and investigate its allergenicity. Methods: The protein was isolated and identified by the classical biochemical methods. The bioinformatics tools were used for similar searches and molecular modeling. The immunological features were investigated using the multiplex FABER test. Clinical data were collected by the allergy specialists. Results: A GRP was detected in the apple peel and pulp and it was named applemaclein. This protein displays 94% of sequence identity with peamaclein, Pru p 7, representing the prototype of this allergen family. The applemaclein molecular model shows a very irregular surface with grooves/clefts that may potentially accommodate small molecular ligands. In a population of 4,721 patients in Italy, 187 (4.0%) were sensitized to any allergenic GPR. Of those, 115 (61.5%), 61 (32.6%), 30 (16.0%), and 99 (52.9%) had immunoglobulin E (IgE) to apple, peach, pomegranate, and cypress GRP, respectively. However, in a cohort of the patients in Italy, most individuals IgE positive to the apple GRP did not report allergic reactions against this fruit. Conclusion: Compared with the peach Pru p 7, applemaclein shows some different structural features and higher sensitization frequency, which is often not associated with allergic reactions against apple. Further studies are needed to understand a possible correlation between the applemaclein structural properties, the interaction with still unknown molecules, and immunological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Tuppo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Naples, Italy,Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL) S.r.l., Latina, Italy
| | - Claudia Alessandri
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL) S.r.l., Latina, Italy,Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Giangrieco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Naples, Italy,Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL) S.r.l., Latina, Italy
| | | | | | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Adriano Mari
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL) S.r.l., Latina, Italy,Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Ciardiello
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Maria Antonietta Ciardiello
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Synthetic Oligopeptides Mimicking γ-Core Regions of Cysteine-Rich Peptides of Solanum lycopersicum Possess Antimicrobial Activity against Human and Plant Pathogens. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1226-1242. [PMID: 34698084 PMCID: PMC8929047 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) represent a diverse group of molecules involved in different aspects of plant physiology. Antimicrobial peptides, which directly suppress the growth of pathogens, are regarded as promising templates for the development of next-generation pharmaceuticals and ecologically friendly plant disease control agents. Their oligopeptide fragments are even more promising because of their low production costs. The goal of this work was to explore the antimicrobial activity of nine short peptides derived from the γ-core-containing regions of tomato CRPs against important plant and human pathogens. We discovered antimicrobial activity in peptides derived from the defensin-like peptides, snakins, and MEG, which demonstrates the direct involvement of these CRPs in defense reactions in tomato. The CRP-derived short peptides appeared particularly active against the gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis, which causes bacterial wilt—opening up new possibilities for their use in agriculture to control this dangerous disease. Furthermore, high inhibitory potency of short oligopeptides was demonstrated against the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, which causes serious diseases in humans, making these peptide molecules promising candidates for the development of next-generation pharmaceuticals. Studies of the mode of action of the two most active peptides indicate fungal membrane permeabilization as a mechanism of antimicrobial action.
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Torres MDT, Cao J, Franco OL, Lu TK, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Synthetic Biology and Computer-Based Frameworks for Antimicrobial Peptide Discovery. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2143-2164. [PMID: 33538585 PMCID: PMC8734659 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest challenges of our time. This global health problem originated from a paucity of truly effective antibiotic classes and an increased incidence of multi-drug-resistant bacterial isolates in hospitals worldwide. Indeed, it has been recently estimated that 10 million people will die annually from drug-resistant infections by the year 2050. Therefore, the need to develop out-of-the-box strategies to combat antibiotic resistance is urgent. The biological world has provided natural templates, called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which exhibit multiple intrinsic medical properties including the targeting of bacteria. AMPs can be used as scaffolds and, via engineering, can be reconfigured for optimized potency and targetability toward drug-resistant pathogens. Here, we review the recent development of tools for the discovery, design, and production of AMPs and propose that the future of peptide drug discovery will involve the convergence of computational and synthetic biology principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jicong Cao
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790160, Brazil
- S-inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117010, Brazil
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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Su T, Han M, Cao D, Xu M. Molecular and Biological Properties of Snakins: The Foremost Cysteine-Rich Plant Host Defense Peptides. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040220. [PMID: 33053707 PMCID: PMC7711543 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant host defense peptides (HDPs), also known as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are regarded as one of the most prevalent barriers elaborated by plants to combat various infective agents. Among the multiple classes of HDPs, the Snakin class attracts special concern, as they carry 12 cysteine residues, being the foremost cysteine-rich peptides of the plant HDPs. Also, their cysteines are present at very highly conserved positions and arranged in an extremely similar way among different members. Like other plant HDPs, Snakins have been shown to exhibit strong antifungal and antibacterial activity against a wide range of plant pathogens. Moreover, they display diversified biological activities in many aspects of plant growth and the development process. This review is devoted to present the general characters of the Snakin class of plant HDPs, as well as the individual features of different Snakin family members. Specifically, the sequence properties, spatial structures, distributions, expression patterns and biological activities of Snakins are described. In addition, further detailed classification of the Snakin family members, along with their possible mode of action and potential applications in the field of agronomy and pathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-1589-598-9551
| | - Dan Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
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12
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Filiz E, Kurt F. Antimicrobial peptides Snakin/GASA gene family in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor): Genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analyses. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Shi CL, Dong NQ, Guo T, Ye WW, Shan JX, Lin HX. A quantitative trait locus GW6 controls rice grain size and yield through the gibberellin pathway. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1174-1188. [PMID: 32365409 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grain size is one of the essential components determining rice yield and is a target for both domestication and artificial breeding. Gibberellins (GAs) are diterpenoid phytohormones that influence diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified that control grain size through phytohormone regulation. However, little is known about the role of GAs in the control of grain size. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a QTL, GW6 (GRAIN WIDTH 6), which encodes a GA-regulated GAST family protein and positively regulates grain width and weight. GW6 is highly expressed in the young panicle and increases grain width by promoting cell expansion in the spikelet hull. Knockout of GW6 exhibits reduced grain size and weight, whereas overexpression of GW6 results in increased grain size and weight. GW6 is induced by GA and its knockout downregulates the expression of GA biosynthesis genes and decreases GA content in the young panicle. We found that a natural variation in the cis element CAAT-box in the promoter of GW6 is associated with its expression level and grain width and weight. Furthermore, introduction of GW6 to Oryza indica variety HJX74 can lead to a 10.44% increase in rice grain yield, indicating that GW6 has great potential to improve grain yield in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Lin Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nai-Qian Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wang-Wei Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Shan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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14
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Almasia NI, Nahirñak V, Hopp HE, Vazquez-Rovere C. Potato Snakin-1: an antimicrobial player of the trade-off between host defense and development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:839-849. [PMID: 32529484 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Snakin-1 (SN1) from potato is a cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide with high evolutionary conservation. It has 63 amino acid residues, 12 of which are cysteines capable of forming six disulfide bonds. SN1 localizes in the plasma membrane, and it is present mainly in tissues associated with active growth and cell division. SN1 is active in vitro against bacteria, fungus, yeasts, and even animal/human pathogens. It was demonstrated that it also confers in vivo protection against commercially relevant pathogens in overexpressing potato, wheat, and lettuce plants. Although researchers have demonstrated SN1 can disrupt the membranes of E. coli, its integral antimicrobial mechanism remains unknown. It is likely that broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity is a combined outcome of membrane disruption and inhibition of intracellular functions. Besides, in potato, partial SN1 silencing affects cell division, leaf metabolism, and cell wall composition, thus revealing additional roles in growth and development. Its silencing also affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS scavenger levels. This finding indicates its participation in redox balance. Moreover, SN1 alters hormone levels, suggesting its involvement in the complex hormonal crosstalk. Altogether, SN1 has the potential to integrate development and defense signals directly and/or indirectly by modulating protein activity, modifying hormone balance and/or participating in redox regulation. Evidence supports a paramount role to SN1 in the mechanism underlying growth and immunity balance. Furthermore, SN1 may be a promising candidate in preservation, and pharmaceutical or agricultural biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Inés Almasia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina.
| | - Vanesa Nahirñak
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - H Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Vazquez-Rovere
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
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15
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16
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Porto WF, Irazazabal LN, Humblot V, Haney EF, Ribeiro SM, Hancock REW, Ladram A, Franco OL. EcDBS1R6: A novel cationic antimicrobial peptide derived from a signal peptide sequence. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129633. [PMID: 32416198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial infections represent a major worldwide health problem the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as potential alternative agents for treating these infections. Here we demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of EcDBS1R6, a peptide derived from a signal peptide sequence of Escherichia coli that we previously turned into an AMP by making changes through the Joker algorithm. METHODS Antimicrobial activity was measured by broth microdilution method. Membrane integrity was measured using fluorescent probes and through scanning electron microscopy imaging. A sliding window of truncated peptides was used to determine the EcDBS1R6 active core. Molecular dynamics in TFE/water environment was used to assess the EcDBS1R6 structure. RESULTS Signal peptides are known to naturally interact with membranes; however, the modifications introduced by Joker transformed this peptide into a membrane-active agent capable of killing bacteria. The C-terminus was unable to fold into an α-helix whereas its fragments showed poor or no antimicrobial activity, suggesting that the EcDBS1R6 antibacterial core was located at the helical N-terminus, corresponding to the signal peptide portion of the parent peptide. CONCLUSION The strategy of transforming signal peptides into AMPs appears to be promising and could be used to produce novel antimicrobial agents. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The process of transforming an inactive signal peptide into an antimicrobial peptide could open a new venue for creating new AMPs derived from signal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Porto
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Porto Reports, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luz N Irazazabal
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Molecular Pathology Post-graduate Program, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Vincent Humblot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, LRS, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Evan F Haney
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Suzana M Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ali Ladram
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, IBPS, BIOSIPE, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Octavio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Molecular Pathology Post-graduate Program, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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17
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Matkawala F, Nighojkar A, Kumar A. Antimicrobial Peptides in Plants: Classes, Databases, and Importance. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.24870/cjb.2019-000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Muhammad I, Li WQ, Jing XQ, Zhou MR, Shalmani A, Ali M, Wei XY, Sharif R, Liu WT, Chen KM. A systematic in silico prediction of gibberellic acid stimulated GASA family members: A novel small peptide contributes to floral architecture and transcriptomic changes induced by external stimuli in rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 234-235:117-132. [PMID: 30784850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The GASA (GA-stimulated Arabidopsis) gene family is highly specific to plants, signifying a crucial role in plant growth and development. Herein, we retrieved 119 GASA genes in 10 different plant species in two major lineages (monocots and eudicots). Further, in the phylogenetic tree we classified these genes into four well-conserved subgroups. All the proteins contain a conserved GASA domain with similar characteristics and a highly specific 12-cysteine residue of the C-terminus position. According to the global microarray data and qRT-PCR based analysis, the OsGASA gene family was dominantly expressed in the seedling and transition phase of floral stages. Despite this, OsGASA genes profoundly contribute to rice grain size and length, whereas the highest abundance of transcript level was noticed in stage-2 (Inf 6, 3.0-cm-long spikelet) and stage-3 (Inf 7, 5.0-cm-long spikelet) under GA treatment during panicle formation. Additionally, the maximum expression level of these genes was recorded in response to GA and ABA in young seedlings. Further, in response to abiotic stresses, OsGASA1/8/10 was up- regulated by salt, OsGASA2/5/7 by drought, OsGASA3/6 by cold, and OsGASA4/9 by heat stress. With the exception of OsGASA4, the higher transcription levels of all the other GASA genes were induced by Cd and Cr metal stresses (8-10 fold changes) at various time points. Finally, the GO ontology analysis of GASAs revealed the biological involvement in the GA-mediated signaling pathway and abiotic stresses. Prominently, most of these proteins are localized in cellular components such as the cell wall and extracellular region, where the molecular functions such as ATP binding and protein binding were observed. These results imply that GASAs are significantly involved in rice panicle developmental stages, responses to external stimuli, and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Meng-Ru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rahat Sharif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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19
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Bao K, Yuan W, Ma C, Yu X, Wang L, Hong M, Xi X, Zhou M, Chen T. Modification Targeting the "Rana Box" Motif of a Novel Nigrocin Peptide From Hylarana latouchii Enhances and Broadens Its Potency Against Multiple Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2846. [PMID: 30555431 PMCID: PMC6280737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health is confronting the threat caused by antibiotic resistance and this means new antibacterial strategies must be developed urgently. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as promising therapeutic candidates against infection in the post-antibiotic era. In this paper, we dismissed the significance of “Rana box” in the natural nigrocin-HL identified from skin secretion of Hylarana latouchii by comparing its activity with nigrocin-HLD without the motif. By substituting the “Rana box” sequence with an amidated phenylalanine residue, the natural peptide was modified into a shorter AMP nigrocin-HLM. Activities and toxicities of these two peptides in vitro and in vivo were compared. As a result, nigrocin-HLM not only displayed significantly increased potency against several representative microbes, but also high activity against the antibiotic-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, NCTC 12493 and ATCC43300 and several clinical isolates) as evidenced by markedly reduced minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). More strikingly, nigrocin-HLM exhibited prominent inhibition against MRSA infection in a pneumonia mice model. In addition, the substitution attenuated the toxicity of nigrocin-HLM as evidenced by precipitously decreased hemolytic and cytotoxic activities in vitro, and acute toxicity to mice in vivo. Taken these results into consideration, nigrocin-HLM should be a promising therapeutic candidate for anti-infection. And in addition to dismiss an indispensable role of “Rana box” in maintaining antimicrobial activity of nigrocin-HL, our data provided an inspired strategy for peptide optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifan Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Weiyuan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengbang Ma
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Yu
- Nanjing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Min Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinping Xi
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Zhou
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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20
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A structural perspective of plant antimicrobial peptides. Biochem J 2018; 475:3359-3375. [PMID: 30413680 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous strategies plants have developed to fend off enemy attack, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) stand out as one of the most prominent defensive barriers that grant direct and durable resistance against a wide range of pests and pathogens. These small proteins are characterized by a compact structure and an overall positive charge. AMPs have an ancient origin and widespread occurrence in the plant kingdom but show an unusually high degree of variation in their amino acid sequences. Interestingly, there is a strikingly conserved topology among the plant AMP families, suggesting that the defensive properties of these peptides are not determined by their primary sequences but rather by their tridimensional structure. To explore and expand this idea, we here discuss the role of AMPs for plant defense from a structural perspective. We show how specific structural properties, such as length, charge, hydrophobicity, polar angle and conformation, are essential for plant AMPs to act as a chemical shield that hinders enemy attack. Knowledge on the topology of these peptides is facilitating the isolation, classification and even structural redesign of AMPs, thus allowing scientists to develop new peptides with multiple agronomical and pharmacological potential.
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21
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Campos ML, de Souza CM, de Oliveira KBS, Dias SC, Franco OL. The role of antimicrobial peptides in plant immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4997-5011. [PMID: 30099553 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Selective pressure imposed by millions of years of relentless biological attack has led to the development of an extraordinary array of defense strategies in plants. Among these, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) stand out as one of the most prominent components of the plant immune system. These small and usually basic peptides are deployed as a generalist defense strategy that grants direct and durable resistance against biotic stress. Even though their name implies a function against microbes, the range of plant-associated organisms affected by these peptides is much broader. In this review, we highlight the advances in our understanding on the role of AMPs in plant immunity. We demonstrate that the capacity of plant AMPs to act against a large spectrum of enemies relies on their diverse mechanism of action and remarkable structural stability. The efficacy of AMPs as a defense strategy is evidenced by their widespread occurrence in the plant kingdom, an astonishing heterogeneity in host peptide composition, and the extent to which plant enemies have evolved effective counter-measures to evade AMP action. Plant AMPs are becoming an important topic of research due to their significance in allowing plants to thrive and for their enormous potential in agronomical and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Lattarulo Campos
- Centro de Análises Bioquímicas e Proteômicas, Universidade Católica de Brasilia, Brasilia/DF, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá/MT, Brazil
| | - Camila Maurmann de Souza
- Centro de Análises Bioquímicas e Proteômicas, Universidade Católica de Brasilia, Brasilia/DF, Brazil
| | | | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Centro de Análises Bioquímicas e Proteômicas, Universidade Católica de Brasilia, Brasilia/DF, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasilia, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia/DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Bioquímicas e Proteômicas, Universidade Católica de Brasilia, Brasilia/DF, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande/MS, Brazil
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22
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Rodríguez-Decuadro S, Barraco-Vega M, Dans PD, Pandolfi V, Benko-Iseppon AM, Cecchetto G. Antimicrobial and structural insights of a new snakin-like peptide isolated from Peltophorum dubium (Fabaceae). Amino Acids 2018; 50:1245-1259. [PMID: 29948342 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Snakins are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found, so far, exclusively in plants, and known to be important in the defense against a wide range of pathogens. Like other plant AMPs, they contain several positively charged amino acids, and an even number of cysteine residues forming disulfide bridges which are considered important for their usual function. Despite its importance, studies on snakin tertiary structure and mode of action are still scarce. In this study, a new snakin-like gene was isolated from the native plant Peltophorum dubium, and its expression was verified in seedlings and adult leaves. The deduced peptide (PdSN1) shows 84% sequence identity with potato snakin-1 mature peptide, with the 12 cysteines characteristic from this peptide family at the GASA domain. The mature PdSN1 coding sequence was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant peptide inhibits the growth of important plant and human pathogens, like the economically relevant potato pathogen Streptomyces scabies and the opportunistic fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Finally, homology and ab initio modeling techniques coupled to extensive molecular dynamics simulations were used to gain insight on the 3D structure of PdSN1, which exhibited a helix-turn-helix motif conserved in both native and recombinant peptides. We found this motif to be strongly coded in the sequence of PdSN1, as it is stable under different patterns of disulfide bonds connectivity, and even when the 12 cysteines are considered in their reduced form, explaining the previous experimental evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez-Decuadro
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 780, 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Barraco-Vega
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo D Dans
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, CEP 50.670-420, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, CEP 50.670-420, Brazil
| | - Gianna Cecchetto
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Boonpa K, Tantong S, Weerawanich K, Panpetch P, Pringsulaka O, Yingchutrakul Y, Roytrakul S, Sirikantaramas S. Heterologous expression and antimicrobial activity of OsGASR3 from rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 224-225:95-102. [PMID: 29614397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
According to an in silico analysis, OsGASR3 (LOC_Os03g55290) from rice (Oryza sativa L.) was predicted to be involved in plant defense mechanisms. A semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that OsGASR3 is highly expressed in the inflorescences of Thai jasmine rice (O. sativa L. subsp. indica 'KDML 105'). To characterize the biological activity of OsGASR3, we produced an OsGASR3-glutathione S-transferase fusion protein in Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami (DE3) cells for a final purified recombinant OsGASR3 yield of 0.65 mg/L. The purified OsGASR3 inhibited the hyphal growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense and Helminthosporium oryzae at a relatively low concentration (7.5 μg/mL). Furthermore, OsGASR3 exhibited in planta inhibitory activity against Xanthomonas campestris, suggesting its involvement in defense mechanisms, in addition to its previously reported functions affecting growth and development. These observations indicate that recombinant OsGASR3 may be useful for protecting agriculturally important crops against pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krissana Boonpa
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Tantong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kamonwan Weerawanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pawinee Panpetch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Onanong Pringsulaka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand.
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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24
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Peamacléine Pru p 7 : épidémiologie, implications cliniques et place dans le diagnostic moléculaire de l’allergie à la pêche en région méditerranéenne. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Almasia NI, Molinari MP, Maroniche GA, Nahirñak V, Barrios Barón MP, Taboga OA, Vazquez Rovere C. Successful production of the potato antimicrobial peptide Snakin-1 in baculovirus-infected insect cells and development of specific antibodies. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:75. [PMID: 29121909 PMCID: PMC5679188 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Snakin-1 (StSN1) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial cysteine-rich peptide isolated from Solanum tuberosum. Its biotechnological potential has been already recognized since it exhibits in vivo antifungal and antibacterial activity. Most attempts to produce StSN1, or homologous peptides, in a soluble native state using bacterial, yeast or synthetic expression systems have presented production bottlenecks such as insolubility, misfolding or low yields. Results In this work, we successfully expressed a recombinant StSN1 (rSN1) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells by optimizing several of the parameters for its expression in the baculovirus expression system. The recombinant peptide lacking its putative signal peptide was soluble and was present in the nuclear fraction of infected Sf9 cells. An optimized purification procedure allowed the production of rSN1 that was used for immunization of mice, which gave rise to polyclonal antibodies that detect the native protein in tissue extracts of both agroinfiltrated plants and stable transgenic lines. Our results demonstrated that this system circumvents all the difficulties associated with recombinant antimicrobial peptides expression in other heterologous systems. Conclusions The present study is the first report of a successful protocol to produce a soluble Snakin/GASA peptide in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Our work demonstrates that the nuclear localization of rSN1 in insect cells can be exploited for its large-scale production and subsequent generation of specific anti-rSN1 antibodies. We suggest the use of the baculovirus system for high-level expression of Snakin/GASA peptides, for biological assays, structural and functional analysis and antibody production, as an important step to both elucidate their accurate physiological role and to deepen the study of their biotechnological uses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-017-0401-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Inés Almasia
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Paula Molinari
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Andrés Maroniche
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), km73,5 route 226, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Nahirñak
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Pilar Barrios Barón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Alberto Taboga
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Vazquez Rovere
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.,LABINTEX-INTA, Agropolis Fondation, Montpellier, France
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26
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He H, Yang X, Xun H, Lou X, Li S, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Dong Y, Wang S, Pang J, Liu B. Over-expression of GmSN1 enhances virus resistance in Arabidopsis and soybean. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1441-1455. [PMID: 28656325 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE GmSN1 enhances virus resistance in plants most likely by affecting the expression of signal transduction and immune response genes. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) infection causes severe symptom and leads to massive yield loss in soybean (Glycine max). By comparative analyzing gene expression in the SMV-resistant soybean cultivar Rsmv1 and the susceptible cultivar Ssmv1 at a transcriptome level, we found that a subgroup of Gibberellic Acid Stimulated Transcript (GAST) genes were down-regulated in SMV inoculated Ssmv1 plants, but not Rsmv1 plants. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that one of the GAST genes, GmSN1, was closely related to Snakin-1, a well-characterized potato microbial disease resistance gene. When over-expressed in Arabidopsis and soybean, respectively, under the control of the 35S promoter, GmSN1 enhanced turnip mosaic virus resistance in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, and SMV resistance in the transgenic soybean plants, respectively. Transcriptome analysis results showed that the up-regulated genes in the 35S:GmSN1 transgenic Arabidopsis plants were largely enriched in functional terms including "signal transduction" and "immune response". Real-time PCR assay indicated that the expression of GmAKT2, a potassium channel gene known to enhance SMV resistance when over-expressed in soybean, was elevated in the 35S:GmSN1 transgenic soybean plants. Taken together, our results suggest that GmSN1 enhances virus resistance in plants most likely by affecting the expression of signal transduction and immune response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Hongwei Xun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Lou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingshan Dong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jinsong Pang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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27
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Trapalis M, Li SF, Parish RW. The Arabidopsis GASA10 gene encodes a cell wall protein strongly expressed in developing anthers and seeds. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 260:71-79. [PMID: 28554477 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis GASA10 gene encodes a GAST1-like (Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated) protein. Reporter gene analysis identified consistent expression in anthers and seeds. In anthers expression was developmentally regulated, first appearing at stage 7 of anther development and reaching a maximum at stage 11. Strongest expression was in the tapetum and developing microspores. GASA10 expression also occurred throughout the seed and in root vasculature. GASA10 was shown to be transported to the cell wall. Using GASA1 and GASA6 as positive controls, gibberellic acid was found not to induce GASA10 expression in Arabidopsis suspension cells. Overexpression of GASA10 (35S promoter-driven) resulted in a reduction in silique elongation. GASA10 shares structural similarities to the antimicrobial peptide snakin1, however, purified GASA10 failed to influence the growth of a variety of bacterial and fungal species tested. We propose cell wall associated GASA proteins are involved in regulating the hydroxyl radical levels at specific sites in the cell wall to facilitate wall growth (regulating cell wall elongation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Menelaos Trapalis
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Song Feng Li
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Roger W Parish
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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28
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Porto WF, Pires ÁS, Franco OL. Antimicrobial activity predictors benchmarking analysis using shuffled and designed synthetic peptides. J Theor Biol 2017; 426:96-103. [PMID: 28536036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity prediction tools aim to help the novel antimicrobial peptides (AMP) sequences discovery, utilizing machine learning methods. Such approaches have gained increasing importance in the generation of novel synthetic peptides by means of rational design techniques. This study focused on predictive ability of such approaches to determine the antimicrobial sequence activities, which were previously characterized at the protein level by in vitro studies. Using four web servers and one standalone software, we evaluated 78 sequences generated by the so-called linguistic model, being 40 designed and 38 shuffled sequences, with ∼60 and ∼25% of identity to AMPs, respectively. The ab initio molecular modelling of such sequences indicated that the structure does not affect the predictions, as both sets present similar structures. Overall, the systems failed on predicting shuffled versions of designed peptides, as they are identical in AMPs composition, which implies in accuracies below 30%. The prediction accuracy is negatively affected by the low specificity of all systems here evaluated, as they, on the other hand, reached 100% of sensitivity. Our results suggest that complementary approaches with high specificity, not necessarily high accuracy, should be developed to be used together with the current systems, overcoming their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Porto Reports, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Állan S Pires
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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29
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Porto W, Pires A, Franco O. Computational tools for exploring sequence databases as a resource for antimicrobial peptides. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:337-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Zhang S, Wang X. One new kind of phytohormonal signaling integrator: Up-and-coming GASA family genes. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1226453. [PMID: 27574012 PMCID: PMC5351724 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1226453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
GASA proteins are characterized by an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal conserved GASA domain with 12 invariant cysteine residues. Despite being widely distributed among plant species, their functions are not completely elucidated and little is known about their mechanism of action. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the molecular structure, protein subcellular localization and phytohormones responses of this up-and-coming family of peptides. Furthermore, we discussed the roles of GASA proteins in plant growth and development, plant responses to biotic or abiotic stresses and their participation in phytohormonal signaling integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Xiaojing Wang
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31
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Characterization of 4 TaGAST genes during spike development and seed germination and their response to exogenous phytohormones in common wheat. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1435-1449. [PMID: 27649990 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA) is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. We defined GA-stimulated transcript (GAST) gene family and characterized its four members (TaGAST1, 2, 3, and 4) in wheat spikes. Triticum aestivum whole spikes were collected at ten developmental stages and dehulled spikelets were obtained at various days after flowering. Expression of TaGAST1, 2, 3, and 4 was analyzed using RT-PCR at inflorescence development stages, in different tissues, and after phytohormones application. To identify proteins interacting with TaGAST1, yeast two-hybridization was performed and BiFC analysis was used for verification. TaGAST1 was expressed at the inflorescence stage and only expressed in seedlings under abscisic acid (ABA) treatment after phytohormone treatment. TaGAST2 and TaGAST3 showed moderate expression in the spike, vigorous transcript accumulation in the seedling, and up-regulation by exogenous GA in early germination stages. TaGAST4 was predominantly expressed in the seedling. Wheat cyclophilin A-1 (TaCypA1), identified as a TaGAST1-interacting protein, showed opposite expression pattern in the developing spike to TaGAST1. TaCypA1 transcript was slightly up-regulated by GA, slightly down-regulated by paclobutrazol, and was maintained after ABA treatment. The interaction of TaGAST1 with TaCypA1 is targeted to the plasma membrane. TaGAST1 was specifically expressed in the wheat spike and was stimulated by exogenous GA treatment. TaGAST2 and TaGAST3 expression in germinating seeds and seedlings was higher than that in the spike stage. TaGAST4 was not expressed in all developmental stages. TaGAST1 and TaCypA1 might be expressed antagonistically during wheat spike development.
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Sousa DA, Porto WF, Silva MZ, da Silva TR, Franco OL. Influence of Cysteine and Tryptophan Substitution on DNA-Binding Activity on Maize α-Hairpinin Antimicrobial Peptide. Molecules 2016; 21:E1062. [PMID: 27529210 PMCID: PMC6273665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For almost four decades, antimicrobial peptides have been studied, and new classes are being discovered. However, for therapeutic use of these molecules, issues related to the mechanism of action must be answered. In this work, the antimicrobial activity of the hairpinin MBP-1 was studied by the synthesis of two variants, one replacing cysteines and one tryptophan with alanine. Antibacterial activity was abolished in both variants. No membrane disturbance, even in concentrations higher than those required to inhibit the bacteria, was observed in SEM microscopy. The gel retardation assay showed that MBP-1 possesses a higher DNA-binding ability than variants. Finally, molecular modelling showed that the lack of cysteines resulted in structure destabilization and lack of tryptophan resulted in a less flexible peptide, with less solvent assessable surface area, both characteristics that could contribute to absence of activity. In summary, the data here reported add more information about the multiple mechanisms of action of α-hairpinins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Sousa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil.
| | - William F Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil.
| | - Maria Z Silva
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane R da Silva
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil.
| | - Octávio L Franco
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil.
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil.
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33
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Yeung H, Squire CJ, Yosaatmadja Y, Panjikar S, López G, Molina A, Baker EN, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Radiation Damage and Racemic Protein Crystallography Reveal the Unique Structure of the GASA/Snakin Protein Superfamily. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7930-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yeung
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Christopher J. Squire
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Yuliana Yosaatmadja
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- Australian Synchrotron; 800 Blackburn Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Gemma López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); Campus Montegancedo, M-40 (Km 38) 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); Campus Montegancedo, M-40 (Km 38) 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain
| | - Edward N. Baker
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
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34
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Yeung H, Squire CJ, Yosaatmadja Y, Panjikar S, López G, Molina A, Baker EN, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Radiation Damage and Racemic Protein Crystallography Reveal the Unique Structure of the GASA/Snakin Protein Superfamily. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yeung
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Christopher J. Squire
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Yuliana Yosaatmadja
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- Australian Synchrotron; 800 Blackburn Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Gemma López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); Campus Montegancedo, M-40 (Km 38) 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); Campus Montegancedo, M-40 (Km 38) 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain
| | - Edward N. Baker
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
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Kuddus MR, Rumi F, Tsutsumi M, Takahashi R, Yamano M, Kamiya M, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Aizawa T. Expression, purification and characterization of the recombinant cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide snakin-1 in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 122:15-22. [PMID: 26854372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Snakin-1 (SN-1) is a small cysteine-rich plant antimicrobial peptide with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity which was isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum). Here, we carried out the expression of a recombinant SN-1 in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, along with its purification and characterization. A DNA fragment encoding the mature SN-1 was cloned into pPIC9 vector and introduced into P. pastoris. A large amount of pure recombinant SN-1 (approximately 40 mg/1L culture) was obtained from a fed-batch fermentation culture after purification with a cation exchange column followed by RP-HPLC. The identity of the recombinant SN-1 was verified by MALDI-TOF MS, CD and (1)H NMR experiments. All these data strongly indicated that the recombinant SN-1 peptide had a folding with six disulfide bonds that was identical to the native SN-1. Our findings showed that SN-1 exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms and produced very weak hemolysis of mammalian erythrocytes. The mechanism of its antimicrobial action against Escherichia coli was investigated by both outer membrane permeability assay and cytoplasmic membrane depolarization assay. These assays demonstrated that SN-1 is a membrane-active antimicrobial peptide which can disrupt both outer and cytoplasmic membrane integrity. This is the first report on the recombinant expression and purification of a fully active SN-1 in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ruhul Kuddus
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Rumi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Motosuke Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Rika Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Megumi Yamano
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Kamiya
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Makoto Demura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
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Tam JP, Wang S, Wong KH, Tan WL. Antimicrobial Peptides from Plants. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:711-57. [PMID: 26580629 PMCID: PMC4695807 DOI: 10.3390/ph8040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have evolved differently from AMPs from other life forms. They are generally rich in cysteine residues which form multiple disulfides. In turn, the disulfides cross-braced plant AMPs as cystine-rich peptides to confer them with extraordinary high chemical, thermal and proteolytic stability. The cystine-rich or commonly known as cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) of plant AMPs are classified into families based on their sequence similarity, cysteine motifs that determine their distinctive disulfide bond patterns and tertiary structure fold. Cystine-rich plant AMP families include thionins, defensins, hevein-like peptides, knottin-type peptides (linear and cyclic), lipid transfer proteins, α-hairpinin and snakins family. In addition, there are AMPs which are rich in other amino acids. The ability of plant AMPs to organize into specific families with conserved structural folds that enable sequence variation of non-Cys residues encased in the same scaffold within a particular family to play multiple functions. Furthermore, the ability of plant AMPs to tolerate hypervariable sequences using a conserved scaffold provides diversity to recognize different targets by varying the sequence of the non-cysteine residues. These properties bode well for developing plant AMPs as potential therapeutics and for protection of crops through transgenic methods. This review provides an overview of the major families of plant AMPs, including their structures, functions, and putative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shujing Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ka H Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Wei Liang Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Ke T, Cao H, Huang J, Hu F, Huang J, Dong C, Ma X, Yu J, Mao H, Wang X, Niu Q, Hui F, Liu S. EST-based in silico identification and in vitro test of antimicrobial peptides in Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:653. [PMID: 26330304 PMCID: PMC4557752 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica napus is the third leading source of vegetable oil in the world after soybean and oil palm. The accumulation of gene sequences, especially expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from plant cDNA libraries, has provided a rich resource for genes discovery including potential antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In this study, we used ESTs including those generated from B. napus cDNA libraries of seeds, pathogen-challenged leaves and deposited in the public databases, as a model, to perform in silico identification and consequently in vitro confirmation of putative AMP activities through a highly efficient system of recombinant AMP prokaryotic expression. RESULTS In total, 35,788 were generated from cDNA libraries of pathogen-challenged leaves and 187,272 ESTs from seeds of B. napus, and the 644,998 ESTs of B. napus were downloaded from the EST database of PlantGDB. They formed 201,200 unigenes. First, all the known AMPs from the AMP databank (APD2 database) were individually queried against all the unigenes using the BLASTX program. A total of 972 unigenes that matched the 27 known AMP sequences in APD2 database were extracted and annotated using Blast2GO program. Among these unigenes, 237 unigenes from B. napus pathogen-challenged leaves had the highest ratio (1.15 %) in this unigene dataset, which is 13 times that of the unigene datasets of B. napus seeds (0.09 %) and 2.3 times that of the public EST dataset. About 87 % of each EST library was lipid-transfer protein (LTP) (32 % of total unigenes), defensin, histone, endochitinase, and gibberellin-regulated proteins. The most abundant unigenes in the leaf library were endochitinase and defensin, and LTP and histone in the pub EST library. After masking of the repeat sequence, 606 peptides that were orthologous matched to different AMP families were found. The phylogeny and conserved structural motifs of seven AMPs families were also analysed. To investigate the antimicrobial activities of the predicted peptides, 31 potential AMP genes belonging to different AMP families were selected to test their antimicrobial activities after bioinformatics identification. The AMP genes were all optimized according to Escherichia coli codon usage and synthetized through one-step polymerase chain reaction method. The results showed that 28 recombinant AMPs displayed expected antimicrobial activities against E. coli and Micrococcus luteus and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strains. CONCLUSION The study not only significantly expanded the number of known/predicted peptides, but also contributed to long-term plant genetic improvement for increased resistance to diverse pathogens of B.napus. These results proved that the high-throughput method developed that combined an in silico procedure with a recombinant AMP prokaryotic expression system is considerably efficient for identification of new AMPs from genome or EST sequence databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ke
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of CAAS, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China. .,College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China.
| | - Huihui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of CAAS, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Junyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of CAAS, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Hu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Caihua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of CAAS, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangdong Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Jingyin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of CAAS, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Han Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of CAAS, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China.
| | - Qiuhong Niu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China.
| | - Fengli Hui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China.
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of CAAS, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.
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Recombinant Production of Snakin-2 (an Antimicrobial Peptide from Tomato) in E. coli and Analysis of Its Bioactivity. Molecules 2015; 20:14889-901. [PMID: 26287145 PMCID: PMC6332222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a diverse group of biologically active molecules that are part of the innate immune systems of a variety of organisms. Their primary function consists of protecting the host organism against invading microorganisms, including pathogens. AMPs show a broad spectrum of secondary structures, which are essential for antimicrobial activity. In this study, we produced snakin-2 (SN2), a 66-amino-acid-(aa)-long AMP from Solanum lycopersicum as a recombinant protein in E. coli. This AMP belongs to the GASA/GAST protein family and possesses a highly conserved 60-aa-long domain with six disulfide bonds in the C-terminus of the peptide. Because of the toxicity of SN2 against its producing E. coli strain, the AMP was attached to an N-terminal fusion protein (thioredoxin A), which was removed after affinity chromatography purification. The total yield of recombinant SN2 was approximately 1 mg/L. The membrane-active SN2 showed a bactericidal and fungicidal bioactivity, which can be explained by perforation of biomembranes of bacteria and fungi.
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Meiyalaghan S, Latimer JM, Kralicek AV, Shaw ML, Lewis JG, Conner AJ, Barrell PJ. Expression and purification of the antimicrobial peptide GSL1 in bacteria for raising antibodies. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:777. [PMID: 25367168 PMCID: PMC4228058 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Gibberellin Stimulated-Like (GSL) or Snakin peptides from higher plants are cysteine-rich, with broad spectrum activity against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens. To detect GSL peptides in applications such as western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), specific antibodies that recognise GSL peptides are required. However, the intrinsic antimicrobial activity of these peptides is likely to prevent their expression alone in bacterial or yeast expression systems for subsequent antibody production in animal hosts. Results To overcome this issue we developed an Escherichia coli expression strategy based on the expression of the GSL1 peptide as a His-tagged thioredoxin fusion protein. The DNA sequence for the mature GSL1 peptide from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was cloned into the pET-32a expression vector to produce a construct encoding N-terminally tagged his6-thioredoxin-GSL1. The fusion protein was overexpressed in E. coli to produce soluble non-toxic protein. The GSL1 fusion protein could be easily purified by using affinity chromatography to yield ~1.3 mg of his6-thioredoxin-GSL1 per L of culture. The fusion protein was then injected into rabbits for antibody production. Western blot analysis showed that the antibodies obtained from rabbit sera specifically recognised the GSL1 peptide that had been expressed in a wheat germ cell-free expression system. Conclusion We present here the first report of a GSL1 peptide expressed as a fusion protein with thioredoxin that has resulted in milligram quantities of soluble protein to be produced. We have also demonstrated that a wheat germ system can be used to successfully express small quantities of GSL1 peptide useful as positive control in western blot analysis. To our knowledge this is the first report of antibodies being produced against GSL1 peptide. The antibodies will be useful for analysis of GSL1peptides in western blot, localization by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitation by ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippa J Barrell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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García AN, Ayub ND, Fox AR, Gómez MC, Diéguez MJ, Pagano EM, Berini CA, Muschietti JP, Soto G. Alfalfa snakin-1 prevents fungal colonization and probably coevolved with rhizobia. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:248. [PMID: 25227589 PMCID: PMC4177055 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of antimicrobial peptides is a common defense strategy of living cells against a wide range of pathogens. Plant snakin peptides inhibit bacterial and fungal growth at extremely low concentrations. However, little is known of their molecular and ecological characteristics, including origin, evolutionary equivalence, specific functions and activity against beneficial microbes. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize snakin-1 from alfalfa (MsSN1). RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis showed complete congruence between snakin-1 and plant trees. The antimicrobial activity of MsSN1 against bacterial and fungal pathogens of alfalfa was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Transgenic alfalfa overexpressing MsSN1 showed increased antimicrobial activity against virulent fungal strains. However, MsSN1 did not affect nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains only when these had an alfalfa origin. CONCLUSIONS The results reported here suggest that snakin peptides have important and ancestral roles in land plant innate immunity. Our data indicate a coevolutionary process, in which alfalfa exerts a selection pressure for resistance to MsSN1 on rhizobial bacteria. The increased antimicrobial activity against virulent fungal strains without altering the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis observed in MsSN1-overexpressing alfalfa transgenic plants opens the way to the production of effective legume transgenic cultivars for biotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Nora García
- />Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (CICVyA-INTA), De los Reseros S/N, Castelar, C25 (1712) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Nicolás Daniel Ayub
- />Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (CICVyA-INTA), De los Reseros S/N, Castelar, C25 (1712) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ana Romina Fox
- />Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (CICVyA-INTA), De los Reseros S/N, Castelar, C25 (1712) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María Cristina Gómez
- />Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (CICVyA-INTA), De los Reseros S/N, Castelar, C25 (1712) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María José Diéguez
- />Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (CICVyA-INTA), De los Reseros S/N, Castelar, C25 (1712) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Elba María Pagano
- />Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (CICVyA-INTA), De los Reseros S/N, Castelar, C25 (1712) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Carolina Andrea Berini
- />Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Prometeo Muschietti
- />Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- />Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, “Dr. Hector Torres”, (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Soto
- />Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (CICVyA-INTA), De los Reseros S/N, Castelar, C25 (1712) Buenos Aires Argentina
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Mandal SM, Bharti R, Porto WF, Gauri SS, Mandal M, Franco OL, Ghosh AK. Identification of multifunctional peptides from human milk. Peptides 2014; 56:84-93. [PMID: 24703967 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical industries have renewed interest in screening multifunctional bioactive peptides as a marketable product in health care applications. In this context, several animal and plant peptides with potential bioactivity have been reported. Milk proteins and peptides have received much attention as a source of health-enhancing components to be incorporated into nutraceuticals and functional foods. By using this source, 24 peptides have been fractionated and purified from human milk using RP-HPLC. Multifunctional roles including antimicrobial, antioxidant and growth stimulating activity have been evaluated in all 24 fractions. Nevertheless, only four fractions show multiple combined activities among them. Using a proteomic approach, two of these four peptides have been identified as lactoferrin derived peptide and kappa casein short chain peptide. Lactoferrin derived peptide (f8) is arginine-rich and kappa casein derived (f12) peptide is proline-rich. Both peptides (f8 and f12) showed antimicrobial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Fraction 8 (f8) exhibits growth stimulating activity in 3T3 cell line and f12 shows higher free radical scavenging activity in comparison to other fractions. Finally, both peptides were in silico evaluated and some insights into their mechanism of action were provided. Thus, results indicate that these identified peptides have multiple biological activities which are valuable for the quick development of the neonate and may be considered as potential biotechnological products for nutraceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi M Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India
| | - Rashmi Bharti
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India
| | - William F Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Samiran S Gauri
- Central Research Facility, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Ananta K Ghosh
- Central Research Facility, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India.
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Porto WF, Nolasco DO, Franco OL. Native and recombinant Pg-AMP1 show different antibacterial activity spectrum but similar folding behavior. Peptides 2014; 55:92-7. [PMID: 24582624 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) derived from plants compose a family of proteins and peptides that share a glycine repeat domain and they can perform diverse functions. Two structural conformations have been proposed for GRPs: glycine loops arranged as a Velcro and an anti-parallel β-sheet with several β-strands. The antimicrobial peptide Pg-AMP1 is the only plant GRP with antibacterial activity reported so far and its structure remains unclear. Recently, its recombinant expression was reported, where the recombinant peptide had an additional methionine residue at the N-terminal and a histidine tag at the C-terminal (His6-tag). These changes seem to change the peptide's activity, generating a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity. In this report, through ab initio molecular modelling and molecular dynamics, it was observed that both native and recombinant peptide structures were composed of an N-terminal α-helix and a dynamic loop that represents two-thirds of the protein. In contrast to previous reports, it was observed that there is a tendency to adopt a globular fold instead of an extended one, which could be in both, glycine loops or anti-parallel β-sheet conformation. The recombinant peptide showed a slightly higher solvated potential energy compared to the native form, which could be related to the His6-tag exposition. In fact, the His6-tag could be mainly responsible for the broader spectrum of activity, but it does not seem to cause great structural changes. However, novel studies are needed for a better characterization of its pharmacological properties so that in the future novel drugs may be produced based on this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Diego O Nolasco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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de Souza Cândido E, e Silva Cardoso MH, Sousa DA, Viana JC, de Oliveira-Júnior NG, Miranda V, Franco OL. The use of versatile plant antimicrobial peptides in agribusiness and human health. Peptides 2014; 55:65-78. [PMID: 24548568 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant immune responses involve a wide diversity of physiological reactions that are induced by the recognition of pathogens, such as hypersensitive responses, cell wall modifications, and the synthesis of antimicrobial molecules including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These proteinaceous molecules have been widely studied, presenting peculiar characteristics such as conserved domains and a conserved disulfide bond pattern. Currently, many AMP classes with diverse modes of action are known, having been isolated from a large number of organisms. Plant AMPs comprise an interesting source of studies nowadays, and among these there are reports of different classes, including defensins, albumins, cyclotides, snakins and several others. These peptides have been widely used in works that pursue human disease control, including nosocomial infections, as well as for agricultural purposes. In this context, this review will focus on the relevance of the structural-function relations of AMPs derived from plants and their proper use in applications for human health and agribusiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabete de Souza Cândido
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique e Silva Cardoso
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel Amaro Sousa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliane Cançado Viana
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nelson Gomes de Oliveira-Júnior
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Vívian Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Harris PWR, Yang SH, Molina A, López G, Middleditch M, Brimble MA. Plant antimicrobial peptides snakin-1 and snakin-2: chemical synthesis and insights into the disulfide connectivity. Chemistry 2014; 20:5102-10. [PMID: 24644073 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides and proteins represent an important class of plant defensive compounds against pathogens and provide a rich source of lead compounds in the field of drug discovery. We describe the effective preparation of the cysteine-rich snakin-1 and -2 antimicrobial peptides by using a combination of solid-phase synthesis and native chemical ligation. A subsequent cysteine/cystine mediated oxidative folding to form the six internal disulfide bonds concurrently gave the folded proteins in 40-50 % yield. By comparative evaluation of mass spectrometry, HPLC, biological data and trypsin digest mapping of folded synthetic snakin-2 compared to natural snakin-2, we demonstrated that synthetic snakin-2 possesses full antifungal activity and displayed similar chromatographic behaviour to natural snakin-2. Trypsin digest analysis allowed tentative assignment of three of the purported six disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W R Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland 1142 (New Zealand), Fax: (+64) 93737422; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142 (New Zealand).
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Meiyalaghan S, Thomson SJ, Fiers MWEJ, Barrell PJ, Latimer JM, Mohan S, Jones EE, Conner AJ, Jacobs JME. Structure and expression of GSL1 and GSL2 genes encoding gibberellin stimulated-like proteins in diploid and highly heterozygous tetraploid potato reveals their highly conserved and essential status. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:2. [PMID: 24382166 PMCID: PMC3890649 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GSL1 and GSL2, Gibberellin Stimulated-Like proteins (also known as Snakin-1 and Snakin-2), are cysteine-rich peptides from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with antimicrobial properties. Similar peptides in other species have been implicated in diverse biological processes and are hypothesised to play a role in several aspects of plant development, plant responses to biotic or abiotic stress through their participation in hormone crosstalk, and redox homeostasis. To help resolve the biological roles of GSL1 and GSL2 peptides we have undertaken an in depth analysis of the structure and expression of these genes in potato. RESULTS We have characterised the full length genes for both GSL1 (chromosome 4) and GSL2 (chromosome 1) from diploid and tetraploid potato using the reference genome sequence of potato, coupled with further next generation sequencing of four highly heterozygous tetraploid cultivars. The frequency of SNPs in GSL1 and GSL2 were very low with only one SNP every 67 and 53 nucleotides in exon regions of GSL1 and GSL2, respectively. Analysis of comprehensive RNA-seq data substantiated the role of specific promoter motifs in transcriptional control of gene expression. Expression analysis based on the frequency of next generation sequence reads established that GSL2 was expressed at a higher level than GSL1 in 30 out of 32 tissue and treatment libraries. Furthermore, both the GSL1 and GSL2 genes exhibited constitutive expression that was not up regulated in response to biotic or abiotic stresses, hormone treatments or wounding. Potato transformation with antisense knock-down expression cassettes failed to recover viable plants. CONCLUSIONS The potato GSL1 and GSL2 genes are very highly conserved suggesting they contribute to an important biological function. The known antimicrobial activity of the GSL proteins, coupled with the FPKM analysis from RNA-seq data, implies that both genes contribute to the constitutive defence barriers in potatoes. The lethality of antisense knock-down expression of GSL1 and GSL2, coupled with the rare incidence of SNPs in these genes, suggests an essential role for this gene family. These features are consistent with the GSL protein family playing a role in several aspects of plant development in addition to plant defence against biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiyamoorthy Meiyalaghan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Susan J Thomson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mark WEJ Fiers
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Current address: VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippa J Barrell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Julie M Latimer
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Sara Mohan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 84, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand
| | - E Eirian Jones
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 84, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Conner
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jeanne ME Jacobs
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Tavares LS, Silva CSF, de Souza VC, da Silva VL, Diniz CG, Santos MO. Strategies and molecular tools to fight antimicrobial resistance: resistome, transcriptome, and antimicrobial peptides. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:412. [PMID: 24427156 PMCID: PMC3876575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of antibiotic resistant bacteria motivates prospective research toward discovery of new antimicrobial active substances. There are, however, controversies concerning the cost-effectiveness of such research with regards to the description of new substances with novel cellular interactions, or description of new uses of existing substances to overcome resistance. Although examination of bacteria isolated from remote locations with limited exposure to humans has revealed an absence of antibiotic resistance genes, it is accepted that these genes were both abundant and diverse in ancient living organisms, as detected in DNA recovered from Pleistocene deposits (30,000 years ago). Indeed, even before the first clinical use of antibiotics more than 60 years ago, resistant organisms had been isolated. Bacteria can exhibit different strategies for resistance against antibiotics. New genetic information may lead to the modification of protein structure affecting the antibiotic carriage into the cell, enzymatic inactivation of drugs, or even modification of cellular structure interfering in the drug-bacteria interaction. There are still plenty of new genes out there in the environment that can be appropriated by putative pathogenic bacteria to resist antimicrobial agents. On the other hand, there are several natural compounds with antibiotic activity that may be used to oppose them. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecules which are wide-spread in all forms of life, from multi-cellular organisms to bacterial cells used to interfere with microbial growth. Several AMPs have been shown to be effective against multi-drug resistant bacteria and have low propensity to resistance development, probably due to their unique mode of action, different from well-known antimicrobial drugs. These substances may interact in different ways with bacterial cell membrane, protein synthesis, protein modulation, and protein folding. The analysis of bacterial transcriptome may contribute to the understanding of microbial strategies under different environmental stresses and allows the understanding of their interaction with novel AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina S. F. Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Juiz de ForaJuiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia L. da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Juiz de ForaJuiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Cláudio G. Diniz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Juiz de ForaJuiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Marcelo O. Santos
- Department of Biology, University of Juiz de ForaJuiz de Fora, Brazil
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Mandal SM, Porto WF, Dey P, Maiti MK, Ghosh AK, Franco OL. The attack of the phytopathogens and the trumpet solo: Identification of a novel plant antifungal peptide with distinct fold and disulfide bond pattern. Biochimie 2013; 95:1939-48. [PMID: 23835303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogens cause economic losses in agribusiness. Plant-derived compounds have been proposed to overcome this problem, including the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This paper reports the identification of Ps-AFP1, a novel AMP isolated from the Pisum sativum radicle. Ps-AFP1 was purified and evaluated against phytopathogenic fungi, showing clear effectiveness. In silico analyses were performed, suggesting an unusual fold and disulfide bond pattern. A novel fold and a novel AMP class were here proposed, the αβ-trumpet fold and αβ-trumpet peptides, respectively. The name αβ-trumpet was created due to the peptide's fold, which resembles the musical instrument. The Ps-AFP1 mechanism of action was also proposed. Microscopic analyses revealed that Ps-AFP1 could affect the fungus during the hyphal elongation from spore germination. Furthermore, confocal microscopy performed with Ps-AFP1 labeled with FITC shows that the peptide was localized at high concentration along the fungal cell surface. Due to low cellular disruption rates, it seems that the main target is the fungal cell wall. The binding thermogram and isothermal titration, molecular dynamics and docking analyses were also performed, showing that Ps-AFP1 could bind to chitin producing a stable complex. Data here reported provided novel structural-functional insights into the αβ-trumpet peptide fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi M Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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