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Lemche E, Killick R, Mitchell J, Caton PW, Choudhary P, Howard JK. Molecular mechanisms linking type 2 diabetes mellitus and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106485. [PMID: 38643861 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Research evidence indicating common metabolic mechanisms through which type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases risk of late-onset Alzheimer's dementia (LOAD) has accumulated over recent decades. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive review of common mechanisms, which have hitherto been discussed in separate perspectives, and to assemble and evaluate candidate loci and epigenetic modifications contributing to polygenic risk linkages between T2DM and LOAD. For the systematic review on pathophysiological mechanisms, both human and animal studies up to December 2023 are included. For the qualitative meta-analysis of genomic bases, human association studies were examined; for epigenetic mechanisms, data from human studies and animal models were accepted. Papers describing pathophysiological studies were identified in databases, and further literature gathered from cited work. For genomic and epigenomic studies, literature mining was conducted by formalised search codes using Boolean operators in search engines, and augmented by GeneRif citations in Entrez Gene, and other sources (WikiGenes, etc.). For the systematic review of pathophysiological mechanisms, 923 publications were evaluated, and 138 gene loci extracted for testing candidate risk linkages. 3 57 publications were evaluated for genomic association and descriptions of epigenomic modifications. Overall accumulated results highlight insulin signalling, inflammation and inflammasome pathways, proteolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, glycosylation, lipoprotein metabolism and oxidation, cell cycle regulation or survival, autophagic-lysosomal pathways, and energy. Documented findings suggest interplay between brain insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, insult compensatory mechanisms, and peripheral metabolic dysregulation in T2DM and LOAD linkage. The results allow for more streamlined longitudinal studies of T2DM-LOAD risk linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Lemche
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard Killick
- Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Mitchell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Maurice Wohl CIinical Neurosciences Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Caton
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- Diabetes Research Group, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, 10 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jane K Howard
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Abdelmalek MF, Harrison SA, Sanyal AJ. The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2001-2016. [PMID: 38511418 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite its considerable and growing burden, there are currently no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease or its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Several glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and other agents are in various phases of clinical development for use in MASH; an ideal therapy should reduce liver fat content, improve chronic liver disease, help mitigate metabolic comorbidities and decrease all-cause mortality. Because of interconnected disease mechanisms, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/MASH often coexists with type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and cardiovascular disease. Various GLP-1RAs are Food and Drug Administration-approved for use in T2D, and two, liraglutide and semaglutide, are approved for overweight and obesity. GLP-1RAs decrease glucose levels and body weight and improve cardiovascular outcomes in people with T2D who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, GLP-1RAs have been reported to reduce liver fat content and liver enzymes, reduce oxidative stress and improve hepatic de novo lipogenesis and the histopathology of MASH. Weight loss may contribute to these effects; however, the exact mechanisms are unknown. Adverse events that are commonly associated with GLP-1RAs include vomiting, nausea and diarrhoea. There is a lack of evidence from meta-analyses regarding the increased risk of acute pancreatitis and various forms of cancer with GLP-1RAs. Large-scale, phase 3 trials, which will provide definitive data on GLP-1RAs and other potential therapies in MASH, are ongoing. Given the spectrum of modalities under investigation, it is hoped that these trials will support the identification of pharmacotherapies that provide clinical benefit for patients with MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal F Abdelmalek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Frick LD, Hankir MK, Borner T, Malagola E, File B, Gero D. Novel Insights into the Physiology of Nutrient Sensing and Gut-Brain Communication in Surgical and Experimental Obesity Therapy. Obes Surg 2023; 33:2906-2916. [PMID: 37474864 PMCID: PMC10435392 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite standardized surgical technique and peri-operative care, metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgery are not uniform. Adaptive changes in brain function may play a crucial role in achieving optimal postbariatric weight loss. This review follows the anatomic-physiologic structure of the postbariatric nutrient-gut-brain communication chain through its key stations and provides a concise summary of recent findings in bariatric physiology, with a special focus on the composition of the intestinal milieu, intestinal nutrient sensing, vagal nerve-mediated gastrointestinal satiation signals, circulating hormones and nutrients, as well as descending neural signals from the forebrain. The results of interventional studies using brain or vagal nerve stimulation to induce weight loss are also summarized. Ultimately, suggestions are made for future diagnostic and therapeutic research for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas D Frick
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed K Hankir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tito Borner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Bálint File
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Gero
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Bailey J, Coucha M, Bolduc DR, Burnett FN, Barrett AC, Ghaly M, Abdelsaid M. GLP-1 receptor nitration contributes to loss of brain pericyte function in a mouse model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1541-1554. [PMID: 35687178 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We have previously shown that diabetes causes pericyte dysfunction, leading to loss of vascular integrity and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), used in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, improve the cognitive function of diabetic individuals beyond glycaemic control, yet the mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, we hypothesise that GLP-1 RAs improve VCID by preventing diabetes-induced pericyte dysfunction. METHODS Mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and non-diabetic control mice received either saline (NaCl 154 mmol/l) or exendin-4, a GLP-1 RA, through an osmotic pump over 28 days. Vascular integrity was assessed by measuring cerebrovascular neovascularisation indices (vascular density, tortuosity and branching density). Cognitive function was evaluated with Barnes maze and Morris water maze. Human brain microvascular pericytes (HBMPCs), were grown in high glucose (25 mmol/l) and sodium palmitate (200 μmol/l) to mimic diabetic conditions. HBMPCs were treated with/without exendin-4 and assessed for nitrative and oxidative stress, and angiogenic and blood-brain barrier functions. RESULTS Diabetic mice treated with exendin-4 showed a significant reduction in all cerebral pathological neovascularisation indices and an improved blood-brain barrier (p<0.05). The vascular protective effects were accompanied by significant improvement in the learning and memory functions of diabetic mice compared with control mice (p<0.05). Our results showed that HBMPCs expressed the GLP-1 receptor. Diabetes increased GLP-1 receptor expression and receptor nitration in HBMPCs. Stimulation of HBMPCs with exendin-4 under diabetic conditions decreased diabetes-induced vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, and restored pericyte function (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study provides novel evidence that brain pericytes express the GLP-1 receptor, which is nitrated under diabetic conditions. GLP-1 receptor activation improves brain pericyte function resulting in restoration of vascular integrity and BBB functions in diabetes. Furthermore, the GLP-1 RA exendin-4 alleviates diabetes-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Restoration of pericyte function in diabetes represents a novel therapeutic target for diabetes-induced cerebrovascular microangiopathy and VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Maha Coucha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, South University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Deanna R Bolduc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Faith N Burnett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Amy C Barrett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Mark Ghaly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Mohammed Abdelsaid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA, USA.
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Signaling pathways in obesity: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:298. [PMID: 36031641 PMCID: PMC9420733 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and is linked to lower life expectancy. Although lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) has remarkable effects on weight management, achieving long-term success at weight loss is extremely challenging, and the prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide. Over the past decades, the pathophysiology of obesity has been extensively investigated, and an increasing number of signal transduction pathways have been implicated in obesity, making it possible to fight obesity in a more effective and precise way. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the pathogenesis of obesity from both experimental and clinical studies, focusing on signaling pathways and their roles in the regulation of food intake, glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and chronic inflammation. We also discuss the current anti-obesity drugs, as well as weight loss compounds in clinical trials, that target these signals. The evolving knowledge of signaling transduction may shed light on the future direction of obesity research, as we move into a new era of precision medicine.
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Wang J, Liu Y, Ma C, Zhang Y, Yuan M, Li G. Ameliorative Impact of Liraglutide on Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Atrial Remodeling. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8181474. [PMID: 35465349 PMCID: PMC9020937 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8181474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent form of clinical cardiac arrhythmias. Previous evidence proved that atrial anatomical remodeling (AAR) and atrial electrical remodeling (AER) are crucial for the progression and maintenance of AF. This study is aimed at investigating the impact of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, Liraglutide (Lir), on atrial remodeling (AR) mouse model induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). C57BL/6 mice were categorized randomly into the control, Lir, CIH, and CIH+Lir groups. CIH was performed in CIH and CIH+Lir groups for 12 weeks. Lir (0.3 mg/kg/day, s.c) was administered to the Lir and CIH+Lir groups for four weeks, beginning from the ninth week of CIH. Meanwhile, echocardiography and right atrial endocardial electrophysiology via jugular vein, as well as induction rate and duration of AF, were evaluated. Masson and Sirius red staining assays were utilized to assess the extent of fibrosis in the atrial tissue of the mice. Immunohistochemical staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the marker levels of AAR and AER and the expression of genes and proteins of the miR-21/PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, respectively. ELISA was also performed to evaluate the changes of serum inflammatory factor levels. The CIH group exhibited significant AR, increased atrial fibrosis, and a higher incidence rate of AF compared to the control group. Lir could significantly downregulate the protein expression level in the PI3K/p-AKT pathway and upregulated that of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). Moreover, Lir downregulated the expression of miR-21. However, the protein expressions of CACNA1C and KCNA5 in atrial tissue were not changed significantly. In addition, Lir significantly attenuated the levels of markers of inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6) in the serum. In the mouse model of CIH, Lir treatment could ameliorate AR by the miR-21/PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and modulation of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yongzheng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Changhui Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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7
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Liu XY, Zhang N, Zhang SX, Xu P. Potential new therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease: Glucagon-like peptide-1. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7749-7769. [PMID: 34676939 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows a close relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a gut incretin hormone, has become a well-established treatment for T2DM and is likely to be involved in treating cognitive impairment. In this mini review, the similarities between AD and T2DM are summarised with the main focus on GLP-1-based therapeutics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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8
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Quast DR, Nauck MA, Schenker N, Menge BA, Kapitza C, Meier JJ. Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:2344-2353. [PMID: 34189834 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To clarify the distinct effects of a long-acting (liraglutide) and a short-acting (lixisenatide) glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) on macronutrient intake, gastrointestinal side effects and pancreas function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks. Appetite, satiety, macronutrient intake, gastrointestinal symptoms and variables related to pancreatic function and gastric emptying were assessed at baseline and after treatment. RESULTS Both GLP-1 RAs reduced macronutrient intake similarly. Weight loss and appetite reduction were not related to the delay in gastric emptying or gastrointestinal side effects (P > .05). Lipase increased significantly with liraglutide treatment (by 18.3 ± 4.1 U/L; P = .0001), but not with lixisenatide (-1.8 ± 2.4 U/L; P = .46). Faecal elastase and serum ß-carotin levels (indicators for exocrine pancreas function) improved in both groups (P < .05). Changes in lipase activities did not correlate with gastrointestinal symptoms (P > .05 for each variable). CONCLUSIONS Both GLP-1 RAs comparably affected body weight, energy and macronutrient intake. Both treatments were associated with indicators of improved exocrine pancreas function. Reductions in appetite and body weight as a result of treatment with short- or long-acting GLP-1 RAs are not driven by changes in gastric emptying or gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Quast
- Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael A Nauck
- Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Schenker
- Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn A Menge
- Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Juris J Meier
- Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Diabetes, Augusta Clinic Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Williams DL. The diverse effects of brain glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors on ingestive behaviour. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:571-583. [PMID: 33990944 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is well known as a gut hormone and also acts as a neuropeptide, produced in a discrete population of caudal brainstem neurons that project widely throughout the brain. GLP-1 receptors are expressed in many brain areas of relevance to energy balance, and stimulation of these receptors at many of these sites potently suppresses food intake. This review surveys the current evidence for effects mediated by GLP-1 receptors on feeding behaviour at a wide array of brain sites and discusses behavioural and neurophysiological mechanisms for the effects identified thus far. Taken together, it is clear that GLP-1 receptor activity in the brain can influence feeding by diverse means, including mediation of gastrointestinal satiation and/or satiety signalling, suppression of motivation for food reward, induction of nausea and mediation of restraint stress-induced hypophagia, but many questions about the organization of this system remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Williams
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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10
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Kato S, Sato T, Fujita H, Kawatani M, Yamada Y. Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist on changes in the gut bacterium and the underlying mechanisms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9167. [PMID: 33911125 PMCID: PMC8080802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between the gut microbiota and metabolic disorders. In this study, acute administration of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) liraglutide to mice increased the cecal levels of caseinolytic protease B, a component of Escherichia coli, and of norepinephrine. Chemical sympathectomy blocked these events. Norepinephrine was found to pass into the intestinal lumen in vitro. c-Fos staining of the intermediolateral nucleus was identified as indirect evidence of sympathetic nervous system activation of the intestinal tract by GLP-1RA. Under normal conditions, the increase in E. coli did not affect the host. However, in mice with colitis, bacterial translocation was observed with attenuation of tight junction gene expression. This is the first study to investigate the unique underlying mechanisms related the effects of GLP-1RA on changes in the gut bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kato
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sato
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujita
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawatani
- Departments of Neurophysiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 2-1-7 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka, Japan.
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11
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Zhang C, Kaye JA, Cai Z, Wang Y, Prescott SL, Liberles SD. Area Postrema Cell Types that Mediate Nausea-Associated Behaviors. Neuron 2021; 109:461-472.e5. [PMID: 33278342 PMCID: PMC7864887 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nausea, the unpleasant sensation of visceral malaise, remains a mysterious process. The area postrema is implicated in some nausea responses and is anatomically privileged to detect blood-borne signals. To investigate nausea mechanisms, we built an area postrema cell atlas through single-nucleus RNA sequencing, revealing a few neuron types. Using mouse genetic tools for cell-specific manipulation, we discovered excitatory neurons that induce nausea-related behaviors, with one neuron type mediating aversion imposed by multiple poisons. Nausea-associated responses to agonists of identified area postrema receptors were observed and suppressed by targeted cell ablation and/or gene knockout. Anatomical mapping revealed a distributed network of long-range excitatory but not inhibitory projections with subtype-specific patterning. These studies reveal the basic organization of area postrema nausea circuitry and provide a framework toward understanding and therapeutically controlling nausea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Judith A Kaye
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zerong Cai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yandan Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara L Prescott
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen D Liberles
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Brierley DI, Holt MK, Singh A, de Araujo A, McDougle M, Vergara M, Afaghani MH, Lee SJ, Scott K, Maske C, Langhans W, Krause E, de Kloet A, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Rinaman L, de Lartigue G, Trapp S. Central and peripheral GLP-1 systems independently suppress eating. Nat Metab 2021; 3:258-273. [PMID: 33589843 PMCID: PMC7116821 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The anorexigenic peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is secreted from gut enteroendocrine cells and brain preproglucagon (PPG) neurons, which, respectively, define the peripheral and central GLP-1 systems. PPG neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) are widely assumed to link the peripheral and central GLP-1 systems in a unified gut-brain satiation circuit. However, direct evidence for this hypothesis is lacking, and the necessary circuitry remains to be demonstrated. Here we show that PPGNTS neurons encode satiation in mice, consistent with vagal signalling of gastrointestinal distension. However, PPGNTS neurons predominantly receive vagal input from oxytocin-receptor-expressing vagal neurons, rather than those expressing GLP-1 receptors. PPGNTS neurons are not necessary for eating suppression by GLP-1 receptor agonists, and concurrent PPGNTS neuron activation suppresses eating more potently than semaglutide alone. We conclude that central and peripheral GLP-1 systems suppress eating via independent gut-brain circuits, providing a rationale for pharmacological activation of PPGNTS neurons in combination with GLP-1 receptor agonists as an obesity treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Brierley
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marie K Holt
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alan de Araujo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Molly McDougle
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Macarena Vergara
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Majd H Afaghani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shin Jae Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karen Scott
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Calyn Maske
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Krause
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Annette de Kloet
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linda Rinaman
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
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13
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Farkas E, Szilvásy-Szabó A, Ruska Y, Sinkó R, Rasch MG, Egebjerg T, Pyke C, Gereben B, Knudsen LB, Fekete C. Distribution and ultrastructural localization of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the rat brain. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:225-245. [PMID: 33341919 PMCID: PMC7817608 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) inhibits food intake and regulates glucose homeostasis. These actions are at least partly mediated by central GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Little information is available, however, about the subcellular localization and the distribution of the GLP-1R protein in the rat brain. To determine the localization of GLP-1R protein in the rat brain, immunocytochemistry was performed at light and electron microscopic levels. The highest density of GLP-1R-immunoreactivity was observed in the circumventricular organs and regions in the vicinity of these areas like in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). In addition, GLP-1R-immunreactive (IR) neuronal profiles were also observed in a number of telencephalic, diencephalic and brainstem areas and also in the cerebellum. Ultrastructural examination of GLP-1R-immunoreactivity in energy homeostasis related regions showed that GLP-1R immunoreactivity is associated with the membrane of perikarya and dendrites but GLP-1R can also be observed inside and on the surface of axon varicosities and axon terminals. In conclusion, in this study we provide a detailed map of the GLP-1R-IR structures in the CNS. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in addition to the perikaryonal and dendritic distribution, GLP-1R is also present in axonal profiles suggesting a presynaptic action of GLP-1. The very high concentration of GLP-1R-profiles in the circumventricular organs and in the ARC and NTS suggests that peripheral GLP-1 may influence brain functions via these brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Farkas
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Anett Szilvásy-Szabó
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Yvette Ruska
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Richárd Sinkó
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Balázs Gereben
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | | | - Csaba Fekete
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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14
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Kawatani M, Itoi K, Talukder AH, Uchida K, Sakimura K, Kawatani M. Cholinergic modulation of CRH and non-CRH neurons in Barrington's nucleus of the mouse. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:443-457. [PMID: 32609567 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00342.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is expressed in Barrington's nucleus (BarN), which plays an essential role in the regulation of micturition. To control the neural activities of BarN, glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs from multiple sources have been demonstrated; however, it is not clear how modulatory neurotransmitters affect the activity of BarN neurons. We have employed knock-in mice, CRH-expressing neurons of which are labeled with a modified yellow fluorescent protein (Venus). Using whole cell patch-clamp recordings, we examined the responses of Venus-expressing (putative CRH-expressing) neurons in BarN (BarCRH), as well as non-CRH-expressing neurons (BarCRH-negative), following bath application of cholinergic agonists. According to the present study, the activity of BarCRH neurons could be modulated by dual cholinergic mechanisms. First, they are inhibited by a muscarinic receptor-mediated mechanism, most likely through the M2 subclass of muscarinic receptors. Second, BarCRH neurons are excited by a nicotinic receptor-mediated mechanism. BarCRH-negative neurons also responded to cholinergic agents. Choline transporter-immunoreactive nerve terminals were observed in close proximity to the neurites, as well as the somata of BarCRH. The present results suggest that BarN neurons are capable of responding to cholinergic input.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study investigates the effects of bath-applied cholinergic agonists on Barrington's nucleus (BarN) neurons in vitro. They were either excitatory, through nicotinic receptors, or inhibitory, through muscarinic receptors. Putative corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-expressing neurons in BarN, as well as putative non-CRH-expressing neurons, responded to cholinergic agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kawatani
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Keiichi Itoi
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ashraf Hossain Talukder
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsuya Uchida
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawatani
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
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15
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Iwanaga T, Konno K, Watanabe M. Selective distribution of GLUT3-expressing nerve fibers in the lamina terminalis among the circumventricular organs of mice. Biomed Res 2020; 40:207-214. [PMID: 31597906 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.40.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sensory circumventricular organs contain the subfornical organ, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), and area postrema. Here, immunostaining for GLUT3 in the murine brain selectively labeled the sobfornical organ and OVLT. The immunoreactive neural tract of the subfornical organ formed into thin bundles and extended ventro-rostrally over the anterior commissure. After turning over the commissure, the neural tract passed through the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) and reached the OVLT; thus, a continuous neural tract expressing GLUT3 connected the subfornical organ, MnPO, and OVLT in the lamina terminalis. In the OVLT, GLUT3-immunoreactive fibers gathered in both the dorsal cap and lateral periventricular zone. Electron microscopically, the immunoreactive structures in the subfornical organ corresponded to nerve fibers or nerve terminals containing many small clear vesicles. The area postrema, another sensory organ, was immunonegative for GLUT3. This study not only presented a useful marker tracing the neural tract in the sensory sites of the lamina terminalis but also suggested a unique system for sensing and determining the metabolism of circulating glucose in the circumventricular organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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16
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Herrera Moro Chao D, Wang Y, Foppen E, Ottenhoff R, van Roomen C, Parlevliet ET, van Eijk M, Verhoek M, Boot R, Marques AR, Scheij S, Mirzaian M, Kooijman S, Jansen K, Wang D, Mergen C, Seeley RJ, Tschöp MH, Overkleeft H, Rensen PCN, Kalsbeek A, Aerts JMFG, Yi CX. The Iminosugar AMP-DNM Improves Satiety and Activates Brown Adipose Tissue Through GLP1. Diabetes 2019; 68:2223-2234. [PMID: 31578192 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is taking on worldwide epidemic proportions, yet effective pharmacological agents with long-term efficacy remain unavailable. Previously, we designed the iminosugar N-adamantine-methyloxypentyl-deoxynojirimycin (AMP-DNM), which potently improves glucose homeostasis by lowering excessive glycosphingolipids. Here we show that AMP-DNM promotes satiety and activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) in obese rodents. Moreover, we demonstrate that the mechanism mediating these favorable actions depends on oral, but not central, administration of AMP-DNM, which ultimately stimulates systemic glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) secretion. We evidence an essential role of brain GLP1 receptors (GLP1r), as AMP-DNM fails to promote satiety and activate BAT in mice lacking the brain GLP1r as well as in mice treated intracerebroventricularly with GLP1r antagonist exendin-9. In conclusion, AMP-DNM markedly ameliorates metabolic abnormalities in obese rodents by restoring satiety and activating BAT through central GLP1r, while improving glucose homeostasis by mechanisms independent of central GLP1r.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Herrera Moro Chao
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin T Parlevliet
- Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marri Verhoek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andre R Marques
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Scheij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kirstin Jansen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dawei Wang
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Clarita Mergen
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center and German Center for Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center and German Center for Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Herman Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Li R, Shan Y, Gao L, Wang X, Wang X, Wang F. The Glp-1 Analog Liraglutide Protects Against Angiotensin II and Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy via PI3K/Akt1 and AMPKa Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:537. [PMID: 31231210 PMCID: PMC6560159 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Glp-1 analog, liraglutide (Lir), has been shown to reduce infarct size and improve cardiac function after myocardial ischemia in rodents with or without diabetes. However, the effect of Lir on angiotensin II (AngII) and pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophy in nondiabetic mice and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lir on cardiac hypertrophy induced by AngII infusion and pressure overload and to explore its possible mechanism. Mice were subjected to AngII as well as thoracic aorta coarctation (TAC) to induce a cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice were daily injected with either liraglutide or saline for 2 weeks after AngII infusion. Mice were also subjected to either liraglutide or saline for 25 days after TAC surgery. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and human AC cell lines were stimulated with AngII to induce a cardiomyocytes hypertrophy model. The results indicated Lir significantly inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and improved cardiac function in both the AngII and pressure overload induced model. The in vitro study showed that Lir inhibits AngII induced cell hypertrophy. Mechanistically, Lir directly suppressing the activation of PI3K/Akt1 and stimulated AMPKα signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes, which was confirmed by use of an mTOR activator (MHY1485), overexpression of constitutively active Akt, and the knockdown of AMPKa2 expression. Moreover, the protective effects of Lir were lost in AMPKa2 knockout mice. Taken together, Lir inhibits AngII and pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling via regulating PI3K/Akt1 and AMPKα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingguang Shan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xule Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Mohiuddin MS, Himeno T, Inoue R, Miura-Yura E, Yamada Y, Nakai-Shimoda H, Asano S, Kato M, Motegi M, Kondo M, Seino Y, Tsunekawa S, Kato Y, Suzuki A, Naruse K, Kato K, Nakamura J, Kamiya H. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Protects Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons against Oxidative Insult. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9426014. [PMID: 30918901 PMCID: PMC6408997 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9426014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is one of the most prevalent diabetic complications. We previously demonstrated that exendin-4 (Ex4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), has beneficial effects in animal models of DPN. We hypothesized that GLP-1 signaling would protect neurons of the peripheral nervous system from oxidative insult in DPN. Here, the therapeutic potential of GLP-1RAs on DPN was investigated in depth using the cellular oxidative insult model applied to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal cell line. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Immortalized DRG neuronal 50B11 cells were cultured with and without hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of Ex4 or GLP-1(7-37). Cytotoxicity and viability were determined using a lactate dehydrogenase assay and MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt), respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activity was evaluated using a superoxide dismutase assay. Alteration of neuronal characteristics of 50B11 cells induced by GLP-1RAs was evaluated with immunocytochemistry utilizing antibodies for transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were also examined by ethynyl deoxyuridine incorporation assay and APOPercentage dye, respectively. The neurite projection ratio induced by treatment with GLP-1RAs was counted. Intracellular activation of adenylate cyclase/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling was also quantified after treatment with GLP-1RAs. RESULTS Neither Ex4 nor GLP-1(7-37) demonstrated cytotoxicity in the cells. An MTS assay revealed that GLP-1RAs amended impaired cell viability induced by oxidative insult in 50B11 cells. GLP-1RAs activated superoxide dismutase. GLP-1RAs induced no alteration of the distribution pattern in neuronal markers. Ex4 rescued the cells from oxidative insult-induced apoptosis. GLP-1RAs suppressed proliferation and promoted neurite projections. No GLP-1RAs induced an accumulation of cAMP. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that GLP-1RAs have neuroprotective potential which is achieved by their direct actions on DRG neurons. Beneficial effects of GLP-1RAs on DPN could be related to these direct actions on DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sarif Mohiuddin
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Rieko Inoue
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Emiri Miura-Yura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai-Shimoda
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Saeko Asano
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Makoto Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Mikio Motegi
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
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