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Santiso A, Heinemann A, Kargl J. Prostaglandin E2 in the Tumor Microenvironment, a Convoluted Affair Mediated by EP Receptors 2 and 4. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:388-413. [PMID: 38697857 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) system in cancer progression has long been recognized. PGE2 functions as an autocrine and paracrine signaling molecule with pleiotropic effects in the human body. High levels of intratumoral PGE2 and overexpression of the key metabolic enzymes of PGE2 have been observed and suggested to contribute to tumor progression. This has been claimed for different types of solid tumors, including, but not limited to, lung, breast, and colon cancer. PGE2 has direct effects on tumor cells and angiogenesis that are known to promote tumor development. However, one of the main mechanisms behind PGE2 driving cancerogenesis is currently thought to be anchored in suppressed antitumor immunity, thus providing possible therapeutic targets to be used in cancer immunotherapies. EP2 and EP4, two receptors for PGE2, are emerging as being the most relevant for this purpose. This review aims to summarize the known roles of PGE2 in the immune system and its functions within the tumor microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has long been known to be a signaling molecule in cancer. Its presence in tumors has been repeatedly associated with disease progression. Elucidation of its effects on immunological components of the tumor microenvironment has highlighted the potential of PGE2 receptor antagonists in cancer treatment, particularly in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapeutics. Adjuvant treatment could increase the response rates and the efficacy of immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santiso
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Kargl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Vu NP, Ali L, Chua TL, Barr DA, Hendrickson HP, Trivedi DJ. Computational Insights into Prostaglandin E 2 Ligand Binding and Activation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:579-587. [PMID: 37058420 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are eukaryotic integral membrane proteins that regulate signal transduction cascade pathways implicated in a variety of human diseases and are consequently of interest as drug targets. For this reason, it is of interest to investigate the way in which specific ligands bind and trigger conformational changes in the receptor during activation and how this in turn modulates intracellular signaling. In the present study, we investigate the way in which the ligand Prostaglandin E2 interacts with three GPCRs in the E-prostanoid family: EP1, EP2, and EP3. We examine information transfer pathways based on long-time scale molecular dynamics simulations using transfer entropy and betweenness centrality to measure the physical transfer of information among residues in the system. We monitor specific residues involved in binding to the ligand and investigate how the information transfer behavior of these residues changes upon ligand binding. Our results provide key insights that enable a deeper understanding of EP activation and signal transduction functioning pathways at the molecular level, as well as enabling us to make some predictions about the activation pathway for the EP1 receptor, for which little structural information is currently available. Our results should advance ongoing efforts in the development of potential therapeutics targeting these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam P Vu
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
| | - Luke Ali
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Theresa L Chua
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
| | - Daniel A Barr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mary, Bismarck, North Dakota 58504, United States
| | - Heidi P Hendrickson
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
| | - Dhara J Trivedi
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
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3
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Babalola KT, Arora M, Ganugula R, Agarwal SK, Mohan C, Kumar MNVR. Leveraging Lymphatic System Targeting in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus for Improved Clinical Outcomes. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:228-250. [PMID: 38351070 PMCID: PMC10877736 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of advanced drug delivery strategies in drug repositioning and minimizing drug attrition rates, when applied early in drug discovery, is poised to increase the translational impact of various therapeutic strategies in disease prevention and treatment. In this context, drug delivery to the lymphatic system is gaining prominence not only to improve the systemic bioavailability of various pharmaceutical drugs but also to target certain specific diseases associated with the lymphatic system. Although the role of the lymphatic system in lupus is known, very little is done to target drugs to yield improved clinical benefits. In this review, we discuss recent advances in drug delivery strategies to treat lupus, the various routes of drug administration leading to improved lymph node bioavailability, and the available technologies applied in other areas that can be adapted to lupus treatment. Moreover, this review also presents some recent findings that demonstrate the promise of lymphatic targeting in a preclinical setting, offering renewed hope for certain pharmaceutical drugs that are limited by efficacy in their conventional dosage forms. These findings underscore the potential and feasibility of such lymphatic drug-targeting approaches to enhance therapeutic efficacy in lupus and minimize off-target effects of the pharmaceutical drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The World Health Organization estimates that there are currently 5 million humans living with some form of lupus. With limited success in lupus drug discovery, turning to effective delivery strategies with existing drug molecules, as well as those in the early stage of discovery, could lead to better clinical outcomes. After all, effective delivery strategies have been proven to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Babalola
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM) (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Division of Translational Science and Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Alabama Life Research Institute (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas (S.K.A.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (C.M.); Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (M.N.V.R.K.); and Center for Free Radical Biology (M.N.V.R.K.) and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.N.V.R.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - M Arora
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM) (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Division of Translational Science and Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Alabama Life Research Institute (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas (S.K.A.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (C.M.); Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (M.N.V.R.K.); and Center for Free Radical Biology (M.N.V.R.K.) and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.N.V.R.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - R Ganugula
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM) (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Division of Translational Science and Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Alabama Life Research Institute (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas (S.K.A.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (C.M.); Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (M.N.V.R.K.); and Center for Free Radical Biology (M.N.V.R.K.) and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.N.V.R.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - S K Agarwal
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM) (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Division of Translational Science and Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Alabama Life Research Institute (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas (S.K.A.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (C.M.); Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (M.N.V.R.K.); and Center for Free Radical Biology (M.N.V.R.K.) and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.N.V.R.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - C Mohan
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM) (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Division of Translational Science and Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Alabama Life Research Institute (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas (S.K.A.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (C.M.); Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (M.N.V.R.K.); and Center for Free Radical Biology (M.N.V.R.K.) and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.N.V.R.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - M N V Ravi Kumar
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM) (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Division of Translational Science and Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Alabama Life Research Institute (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas (S.K.A.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (C.M.); Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (M.N.V.R.K.); and Center for Free Radical Biology (M.N.V.R.K.) and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.N.V.R.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Zeng C, Liu J, Zheng X, Hu X, He Y. Prostaglandin and prostaglandin receptors: present and future promising therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Res 2023; 24:263. [PMID: 37915044 PMCID: PMC10619262 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH), is a type of pulmonary vascular disease characterized by abnormal contraction and remodeling of the pulmonary arterioles, manifested by pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and increased pulmonary arterial pressure, eventually leading to right heart failure or even death. The mechanisms involved in this process include inflammation, vascular matrix remodeling, endothelial cell apoptosis and proliferation, vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and hypertrophy. In this study, we review the mechanisms of action of prostaglandins and their receptors in PAH. MAIN BODY PAH-targeted therapies, such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, activators of soluble guanylate cyclase, prostacyclin, and prostacyclin analogs, improve PVR, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and the six-minute walk distance, cardiac output and exercise capacity and are licensed for patients with PAH; however, they have not been shown to reduce mortality. Current treatments for PAH primarily focus on inhibiting excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction, however, vascular remodeling is recalcitrant to currently available therapies. Lung transplantation remains the definitive treatment for patients with PAH. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel targets for improving pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH. Studies have confirmed that prostaglandins and their receptors play important roles in the occurrence and development of PAH through vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. CONCLUSION Prostacyclin and related drugs have been used in the clinical treatment of PAH. Other prostaglandins also have the potential to treat PAH. This review provides ideas for the treatment of PAH and the discovery of new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xialei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhu He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan S, Shen DD, Jia R, Sun JS, Song J, Liu HM. New drug approvals for 2022: Synthesis and clinical applications. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:2352-2391. [PMID: 37211904 DOI: 10.1002/med.21976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a total of 37 new drugs in 2022, which are composed of 20 chemical entities and 17 biologics. In particular, 20 chemical entities, including 17 small molecule drugs, 1 radiotherapy, and 2 diagnostic agents, provide privileged scaffolds, breakthrough clinical benefits, and a new mechanism of action for the discovery of more potent clinical candidates. The structure-based drug development with clear targets and fragment-based drug development with privileged scaffolds have always been the important modules in the field of drug discovery, which could easily bypass the patent protection and bring about improved biological activity. Therefore, we summarized the relevant valuable information about clinical application, mechanism of action, and chemical synthesis of 17 newly approved small molecule drugs in 2022. We hope this timely and comprehensive review could bring about creative and elegant inspiration on the synthetic methodologies and mechanism of action for the discovery of new drugs with novel chemical scaffolds and extended clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ju-Shan Sun
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Yarboro MT, Boatwright N, Sekulich DC, Hooper CW, Wong T, Poole SD, Berger CD, Brown AJ, Jetter CS, Sucre JMS, Shelton EL, Reese J. A novel role for PGE 2-EP 4 in the developmental programming of the mouse ductus arteriosus: consequences for vessel maturation and function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H687-H701. [PMID: 37566109 PMCID: PMC10643004 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00294.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The ductus arteriosus (DA) is a vascular shunt that allows oxygenated blood to bypass the developing lungs in utero. Fetal DA patency requires vasodilatory signaling via the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor EP4. However, in humans and mice, disrupted PGE2-EP4 signaling in utero causes unexpected patency of the DA (PDA) after birth, suggesting another role for EP4 during development. We used EP4-knockout (KO) mice and acute versus chronic pharmacological approaches to investigate EP4 signaling in DA development and function. Expression analyses identified EP4 as the primary EP receptor in the DA from midgestation to term; inhibitor studies verified EP4 as the primary dilator during this period. Chronic antagonism recapitulated the EP4 KO phenotype and revealed a narrow developmental window when EP4 stimulation is required for postnatal DA closure. Myography studies indicate that despite reduced contractile properties, the EP4 KO DA maintains an intact oxygen response. In newborns, hyperoxia constricted the EP4 KO DA but survival was not improved, and permanent remodeling was disrupted. Vasomotion and increased nitric oxide (NO) sensitivity in the EP4 KO DA suggest incomplete DA development. Analysis of DA maturity markers confirmed a partially immature EP4 KO DA phenotype. Together, our data suggest that EP4 signaling in late gestation plays a key developmental role in establishing a functional term DA. When disrupted in EP4 KO mice, the postnatal DA exhibits signaling and contractile properties characteristic of an immature DA, including impairments in the first, muscular phase of DA closure, in addition to known abnormalities in the second permanent remodeling phase.NEW & NOTEWORTHY EP4 is the primary EP receptor in the ductus arteriosus (DA) and is critical during late gestation for its development and eventual closure. The "paradoxical" patent DA (PDA) phenotype of EP4-knockout mice arises from a combination of impaired contractile potential, altered signaling properties, and a failure to remodel associated with an underdeveloped immature vessel. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into women who receive NSAIDs to treat preterm labor, whose infants have unexplained PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Yarboro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Naoko Boatwright
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Deanna C Sekulich
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christopher W Hooper
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ting Wong
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Stanley D Poole
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Courtney D Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alexus J Brown
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christopher S Jetter
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jennifer M S Sucre
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Elaine L Shelton
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jeff Reese
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Shi J, Tan X, Feng G, Zhuo Y, Jiang Z, Banda S, Wang L, Zheng W, Chen L, Yu D, Guo C. Research advances in drug therapy of endometriosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1199010. [PMID: 37416064 PMCID: PMC10320007 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1199010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the most common benign gynecological disorders in reproductive-aged women. The major symptoms are chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Despite its profound impact on women's health and quality of life, its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, it cannot be cured and the long-term use of drugs yields severe side effects and hinders fertility. This review aims to present the advances in pathogenesis and the newly reported lead compounds and drugs managing endometriosis. This paper investigated Genetic changes, estrogen-dependent inflammation induction, progesterone resistance, imbalance in proliferation and apoptosis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and neurogenesis, and tissue remodeling in its pathogenesis; and explored the pharmacological mechanisms, constitutive relationships, and application prospects of each compound in the text. To date, Resveratrol, Bay1316957, and bardoxifene were effective against lesions and pain in controlled animal studies. In clinical trials, Quinagolide showed no statistical difference with the placebo group; the results of phase II clinical trial of the IL-33 antibody have not been announced yet; clinical trial stage III of vilaprisan was suspended due to drug toxicity. Elagolix was approved for the treatment of endometriosis-related pain, but clinical studies of Elagolix for the pretreatment of patients with endometriosis to before In vitro fertilization treatment have not been fulfilled. The results of a clinical study of Linzagolix in patients with moderate to severe endometriosis-related pain have not been disclosed yet. Letrozole improved the fertility of patients with mild endometriosis. For endometriosis patients with infertility, oral GnRH antagonists and aromatase inhibitors are promising drugs, especially Elagolix and Letrozole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guimei Feng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Zhuo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Srikanth Banda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemisty, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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8
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König C, Ebersberger A, Eitner A, Wetzker R, Schaible HG. Prostaglandin EP3 receptor activation is antinociceptive in sensory neurons via PI3Kγ, AMPK and GRK2. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:441-458. [PMID: 36245399 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prostaglandin E2 is considered a major mediator of inflammatory pain, by acting on neuronal Gs protein-coupled EP2 and EP4 receptors. However, the neuronal EP3 receptor, colocalized with EP2 and EP4 receptor, is Gi protein-coupled and antagonizes the pronociceptive prostaglandin E2 effect. Here, we investigated the cellular signalling mechanisms by which the EP3 receptor reduces EP2 and EP4 receptor-evoked pronociceptive effects in sensory neurons. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Experiments were performed on isolated and cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from wild type, phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ)-/- , and PI3Kγkinase dead (KD)/KD mice. For subtype-specific stimulations, we used specific EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptor agonists from ONO Pharmaceuticals. As a functional readout, we recorded TTX-resistant sodium currents in patch-clamp experiments. Western blots were used to investigate the activation of intracellular signalling pathways. EP4 receptor internalization was measured using immunocytochemistry. KEY RESULTS Different pathways mediate the inhibition of EP2 and EP4 receptor-dependent pronociceptive effects by EP3 receptor stimulation. Inhibition of EP2 receptor-evoked pronociceptive effect critically depends on the kinase-independent function of the signalling protein PI3Kγ, and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved. By contrast, inhibition of EP4 receptor-evoked pronociceptive effect is independent on PI3Kγ and mediated through activation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), which enhances the internalization of the EP4 receptor after ligand binding. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of neuronal PI3Kγ, AMPK, and GRK2 by EP3 receptor activation limits cAMP-dependent pain generation by prostaglandin E2 . These new insights hold the potential for a novel approach in pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian König
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Ebersberger
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Eitner
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.,Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Experimental Trauma Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Schaible
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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9
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Gumułka P, Tarsa M, Dąbrowska M, Starek M. Quantification of Grapiprant and Its Stability Testing under Changing Environmental Conditions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2821. [PMID: 36359341 PMCID: PMC9687689 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Grapiprant is a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug belonging to the piprant class, approved in 2016 by the FDA Veterinary Medicine Center for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. It acts as a highly selective antagonist of the EP4 receptor, one of the four prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor subtypes. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in rat models of acute and chronic inflammation and clinical studies in people with osteoarthritis. The current state of knowledge suggests the possibility of using it in oncological therapy. The manuscript presents the development of conditions for the identification and quantitative determination of grapiprant by thin-layer chromatography with densitometric detection. The optimal separation of the substance occurs using silica gel 60F254 chromatographic plates and the mobile phase containing ethyl acetate-toluene-butylamine. Validation (according to ICH requirements) showed that the developed method is characterized by straightness of results in a wide concentration range with the limit of detection of 146.65 µg/mL. The %RSD values of the precision and accuracy confirm the sensitivity and reliability of the developed procedure. Next, the method was used for quantification of grapiprant in a pharmaceutical preparation, and for stability studies under various environmental conditions. Additionally, the mass studies were carried out on the stressed samples using the UPLC-MS/MS method. The degradation products were primarily characterized by comparing their mass fragmentation profiles with those of the drug. The results indicated a potential degradation pathway for grapiprant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Gumułka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Doctorial School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Łazarza St., 31-530 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Tarsa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Dąbrowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Starek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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10
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Iwasa S, Koyama T, Nishino M, Kondo S, Sudo K, Yonemori K, Yoshida T, Tamura K, Shimizu T, Fujiwara Y, Kitano S, Shimomura A, Sato J, Yokoyama F, Iida H, Kondo M, Yamamoto N. First-in-human study of ONO-4578, an antagonist of prostaglandin E 2 receptor 4, alone and with nivolumab in solid tumors. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:211-220. [PMID: 36082616 PMCID: PMC9807514 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
EP4, a prostaglandin E2 receptor, has shown an immunosuppressive activity on cancer cells. This first-in-human study evaluated ONO-4578, a highly selective EP4 antagonist, as monotherapy and in combination with nivolumab in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. A daily dose ranging from 30 mg to 100 mg of ONO-4578 monotherapy and that ranging from 2 mg to 60 mg of ONO-4578 with biweekly nivolumab 240 mg were administered. A total of 31 patients were enrolled, 10 receiving monotherapy and 21 receiving combination therapy. Overall, 26 patients experienced treatment-related adverse events. Dose-limiting toxicities were observed in three patients; one of six patients receiving 100 mg monotherapy developed grade 3 duodenal ulcer and two of six patients receiving 60 mg combination therapy developed either grade 3 erythema multiforme or grade 3 increased amylase and grade 4 increased lipase. One patient with small-cell lung cancer who received 40 mg combination therapy had a partial response, and three patients with monotherapy and six patients with combination therapy had stable disease. Pharmacodynamics analyses showed that ONO-4578 had EP4 antagonistic activity at doses as low as 2 mg. In conclusion, the maximum tolerated dose of ONO-4578 alone or in combination with nivolumab was not reached. ONO-4578 was well tolerated at the tested doses and showed signs of antitumor activity. Considering safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics results, ONO-4578 40 mg daily with nivolumab 240 mg biweekly was selected as the recommended dose for future clinical trials. (Registration: JapicCTI-173,496 and NCT03155061).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Iwasa
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Takafumi Koyama
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Makoto Nishino
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Shunsuke Kondo
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan,Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan,Department of Thoracic OncologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast and Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan,Present address:
Department of Medical OncologyShimane University HospitalShimaneJapan
| | - Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan,Present address:
Department of Medical Oncology/Cancer CenterWakayama Medical University HospitalWakayamaJapan
| | - Yutaka Fujiwara
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan,Present address:
Department of Thoracic OncologyAichi Cancer Center HospitalAichiJapan
| | - Shigehisa Kitano
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan,Present address:
Advanced Medical Development CenterCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Akihiko Shimomura
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan,Present address:
Department of Breast and Medical OncologyCenter Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Jun Sato
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Fumiharu Yokoyama
- Translational Research LaboratoriesOno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Iida
- Clinical PharmacologyOno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Maki Kondo
- Oncology Clinical DevelopmentOno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
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11
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Xu J, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Meyers CA, Lee S, Qin Q, James AW. Interaction between the nervous and skeletal systems. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:976736. [PMID: 36111341 PMCID: PMC9468661 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.976736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is one of the largest organ systems in the body and is richly innervated by the network of nerves. Peripheral nerves in the skeleton include sensory and sympathetic nerves. Crosstalk between bones and nerves is a hot topic of current research, yet it is not well understood. In this review, we will explore the role of nerves in bone repair and remodeling, as well as summarize the molecular mechanisms by which neurotransmitters regulate osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we discuss the skeleton’s role as an endocrine organ that regulates the innervation and function of nerves by secreting bone-derived factors. An understanding of the interactions between nerves and bone can help to prevent and treat bone diseases caused by abnormal innervation or nerve function, develop new strategies for clinical bone regeneration, and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Carolyn A. Meyers
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seungyong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Qizhi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aaron W. James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Aaron W. James,
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12
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Pacheco DF, Alonso D, Ceballos LG, Castro AZ, Brown Roldán S, García Díaz M, Villa Testa A, Wagner SF, Piloto-Ferrer J, García YC, Olea AF, Espinoza L. Synthesis of Four Steroidal Carbamates with Antitumor Activity against Mouse Colon Carcinoma CT26WT Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158775. [PMID: 35955909 PMCID: PMC9369283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. If detected on time, surgery can expand life expectations of patients up to five more years. However, if metastasis has grown deliberately, the use of chemotherapy can play a crucial role in CRC control. Moreover, the lack of selectivity of current anticancer drugs, plus mutations that occur in cancerous cells, demands the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. Several steroids have shown their potentiality as anticancer agents, while some other compounds, such as Taxol and its derivatives bearing a carbamate functionality, have reached the market. In this article, the synthesis, characterization, and antiproliferative activity of four steroidal carbamates on mouse colon carcinoma CT26WT cells are described. Carbamate synthesis occurred via direct reaction between diosgenin, its B-ring modified derivative, and testosterone with phenyl isocyanate under a Brønsted acid catalysis. All obtained compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (HRMS); their melting points are also reported. Results obtained from antiproliferative activity assays indicated that carbamates compounds have inhibitory effects on the growth of this colon cancer cell line. A molecular docking study carried out on Human Prostaglandin E Receptor (EP4) showed a high affinity between carbamates and protein, thus providing a valuable theoretical explanation of the in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daylin Fernández Pacheco
- Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Dayana Alonso
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Leonardo González Ceballos
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Armando Zaldo Castro
- Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | | | - Mairelys García Díaz
- Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Yamilet Coll García
- Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Havana 10400, Cuba
- Correspondence: (Y.C.G.); (L.E.); Tel.: +53-52952050 (Y.C.G.); +56-32-2654225 (L.E.)
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Grupo QBAB, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Correspondence: (Y.C.G.); (L.E.); Tel.: +53-52952050 (Y.C.G.); +56-32-2654225 (L.E.)
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13
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Martin Vázquez E, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Araujo Legido R, Marín-Cañas S, Nola E, Dorronsoro A, López Bermudo L, Crespo A, Romero-Zerbo SY, García-Fernández M, Martin Montalvo A, Rojas A, Comaills V, Bérmudez-Silva FJ, Gannon M, Martin F, Eizirik D, Lorenzo PI, Gauthier BR. NR5A2/LRH-1 regulates the PTGS2-PGE2-PTGER1 pathway contributing to pancreatic islet survival and function. iScience 2022; 25:104345. [PMID: 35602948 PMCID: PMC9117883 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
LRH-1/NR5A2 is implicated in islet morphogenesis postnatally, and its activation using the agonist BL001 protects islets against apoptosis, reverting hyperglycemia in mouse models of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Islet transcriptome profiling revealed that the expression of PTGS2/COX2 is increased by BL001. Herein, we sought to define the role of LRH-1 in postnatal islet morphogenesis and chart the BL001 mode of action conferring beta cell protection. LRH-1 ablation within developing beta cells impeded beta cell proliferation, correlating with mouse growth retardation, weight loss, and hypoglycemia leading to lethality. LRH-1 deletion in adult beta cells abolished the BL001 antidiabetic action, correlating with beta cell destruction and blunted Ptgs2 induction. Islet PTGS2 inactivation led to reduced PGE2 levels and loss of BL001 protection against cytokines as evidenced by increased cytochrome c release and cleaved-PARP. The PTGER1 antagonist—ONO-8130—negated BL001-mediated islet survival. Our results define the LRH-1/PTGS2/PGE2/PTGER1 signaling axis as a key pathway mediating BL001 survival properties. LRH-1 ablation during development impedes neonatal beta cell replication LRH-1 knockout in adult beta cells negates BL001-mediated antidiabetic properties Islets lacking PTGS2 are refractory to BL001-mediated protection against cytokines PTGER1 relays the BL001/LRH-1/PTGS2/PGE2 signaling axis to islet survival
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Martin Vázquez
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Raquel Araujo Legido
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Sandra Marín-Cañas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emanuele Nola
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Akaitz Dorronsoro
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Lucia López Bermudo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Crespo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Silvana Y. Romero-Zerbo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Físico Deportiva, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria García-Fernández
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Físico Deportiva, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin Montalvo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Rojas
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentine Comaills
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Bérmudez-Silva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville USA
| | - Franz Martin
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Decio Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Petra I. Lorenzo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Benoit R. Gauthier
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author
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14
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Wang W, Qin X, Lin L, Wu J, Sun X, Zhao Y, Ju Y, Zhao Z, Ren L, Pang X, Guan Y, Zhang Y. Prostaglandin E 2-Induced AKT Activation Regulates the Life Span of Short-Lived Plasma Cells by Attenuating IRE1α Hyperactivation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1912-1923. [PMID: 35379745 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism regulating the life span of short-lived plasma cells (SLPCs) remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrated that the EP4-mediated activation of AKT by PGE2 was required for the proper control of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase endoribonuclease-1α (IRE1α) hyperactivation and hence the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis in IgM-producing SLPCs. Disruption of the PGE2-EP4-AKT signaling pathway resulted in IRE1α-induced activation of JNK, leading to accelerated death of SLPCs. Consequently, Ptger4-deficient mice (C57BL/6) exhibited a markedly impaired IgM response to T-independent Ags and increased susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. This study reveals a highly selective impact of the PGE2-EP4 signal on the humoral immunity and provides a link between ER stress response and the life span of SLPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Qin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Liang Lin
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Ju
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ziheng Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Ren
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Xuewen Pang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; and
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China;
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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15
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A Novel Small Molecular Prostaglandin Receptor EP4 Antagonist, L001, Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041209. [PMID: 35208999 PMCID: PMC8879074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic pancreatic cancer remains a major clinical challenge, emphasizing the urgent need for the exploitation of novel therapeutic approaches with superior response. In this study, we demonstrate that the aberrant activation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor 4 (EP4) is a pro-metastatic signal in pancreatic cancer. To explore the therapeutic role of EP4 signaling, we developed a potent and selective EP4 antagonist L001 with single-nanomolar activity using a panel of cell functional assays. EP4 antagonism by L001 effectively repressed PGE2-elicited cell migration and the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, L001 alone or combined with the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine exhibited remarkably anti-metastasis activity in a pancreatic cancer hepatic metastasis model with excellent tolerability and safety. Mechanistically, EP4 blockade by L001 abrogated Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)-driven pro-metastatic factor expression in pancreatic cancer cells. The suppression of YAP’s activity was also observed upon L001 treatment in vivo. Together, these findings support the notions that EP4–YAP signaling axis is a vital pro-metastatic pathway in pancreatic cancer and that EP4 inhibition with L001 may deliver a therapeutic benefit for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
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16
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Markovič T, Podgornik H, Avsec D, Nabergoj S, Mlinarič-Raščan I. The Enhanced Cytotoxic Effects in B-Cell Leukemia and Lymphoma Following Activation of Prostaglandin EP4 Receptor and Targeting of CD20 Antigen by Monoclonal Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031599. [PMID: 35163524 PMCID: PMC8835876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. However, many patients do not respond to such treatment due to either deficiency of the complementary immune response or resistance to apoptosis. Other currently available treatments are often inadequate or induce major side effects. Therefore, there is a constant need for improved therapies. The prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) receptor has been identified as a promising therapeutic target for hematologic B-cell malignancies. Herein, we report that EP4 receptor agonists PgE1-OH and L-902688 have exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity when applied together with anti-CD20 MAbs rituximab, ofatumumab and obinutuzumab in vitro in Burkitt lymphoma cells Ramos, as well as in p53-deficient chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells MEC-1. Moreover, the enhanced cytotoxic effects of EP4 receptor agonists and MAbs targeting CD20 have been identified ex vivo on primary lymphocytes B obtained from patients diagnosed with CLL. Incubation of cells with PgE1-OH and L-902688 preserved the expression of CD20 molecules, further confirming the anti-leukemic potential of EP4 receptor agonists in combination with anti-CD20 MAbs. Additionally, we demonstrated that the EP4 receptor agonist PgE-1-OH induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation via the EP4 receptor triggering in CLL. This work has revealed very important findings leading towards the elucidation of the anticancer potential of PgE1-OH and L-902688, either alone or in combination with MAbs. This may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic alternatives for patients with B-cell malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Heptanoic Acids/pharmacology
- Humans
- Leukemia, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Rituximab/pharmacology
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
- Tetrazoles/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Markovič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.); (H.P.); (D.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Helena Podgornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.); (H.P.); (D.A.); (S.N.)
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Avsec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.); (H.P.); (D.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Sanja Nabergoj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.); (H.P.); (D.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Irena Mlinarič-Raščan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.); (H.P.); (D.A.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Basile DP. Macrophage dynamics in kidney repair: elucidation of a COX-2-dependent MafB pathway to affect macrophage differentiation. Kidney Int 2022; 101:15-18. [PMID: 34991803 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cylocloxygenase-2 is an important mediator of arachidonic acid metabolism. Pan et al. recently identified a robust increase in the expression of cylocloxygenase-2 in proresolving macrophages (M2) during the repair phase of acute kidney injury. The investigators determined the prostaglandin E2 was produced in macrophages and demonstrated that signaling through the E-type prostanoid receptor 4 stimulated the expression of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor MafB. MafB was further shown to be essential for macrophage differentiation and mediation of the intrinsic repair response following experimental acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Basile
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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18
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Rognoni E, Goss G, Hiratsuka T, Sipilä KH, Kirk T, Kober KI, Lui PP, Tsang VS, Hawkshaw NJ, Pilkington SM, Cho I, Ali N, Rhodes LE, Watt FM. Role of distinct fibroblast lineages and immune cells in dermal repair following UV radiation induced tissue damage. eLife 2021; 10:71052. [PMID: 34939928 PMCID: PMC8747514 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major source of skin damage, resulting in inflammation, premature ageing, and cancer. While several UVR-induced changes, including extracellular matrix reorganisation and epidermal DNA damage, have been documented, the role of different fibroblast lineages and their communication with immune cells has not been explored. We show that acute and chronic UVR exposure led to selective loss of fibroblasts from the upper dermis in human and mouse skin. Lineage tracing and in vivo live imaging revealed that repair following acute UVR is predominantly mediated by papillary fibroblast proliferation and fibroblast reorganisation occurs with minimal migration. In contrast, chronic UVR exposure led to a permanent loss of papillary fibroblasts, with expansion of fibroblast membrane protrusions partially compensating for the reduction in cell number. Although UVR strongly activated Wnt signalling in skin, stimulation of fibroblast proliferation by epidermal β-catenin stabilisation did not enhance papillary dermis repair. Acute UVR triggered an infiltrate of neutrophils and T cell subpopulations and increased pro-inflammatory prostaglandin signalling in skin. Depletion of CD4- and CD8-positive cells resulted in increased papillary fibroblast depletion, which correlated with an increase in DNA damage, pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, and reduction in fibroblast proliferation. Conversely, topical COX-2 inhibition prevented fibroblast depletion and neutrophil infiltration after UVR. We conclude that loss of papillary fibroblasts is primarily induced by a deregulated inflammatory response, with infiltrating T cells supporting fibroblast survival upon UVR-induced environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Rognoni
- Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Goss
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toru Hiratsuka
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kalle H Sipilä
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Kirk
- Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina I Kober
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prudence PokWai Lui
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Sk Tsang
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan J Hawkshaw
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne M Pilkington
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Inchul Cho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niwa Ali
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Tsirvouli E, Ashcroft F, Johansen B, Kuiper M. Logical and experimental modeling of cytokine and eicosanoid signaling in psoriatic keratinocytes. iScience 2021; 24:103451. [PMID: 34877506 PMCID: PMC8633970 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease, in which immune cells and keratinocytes keep each other in a state of inflammation. It is believed that phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-dependent eicosanoid release plays a key role in this. T-helper (Th) 1-derived cytokines are established activators of phospholipases in keratinocytes, whereas Th17-derived cytokines have largely unknown effects. Logical model simulations describing the function of cytokine and eicosanoid signaling networks combined with experimental data suggest that Th17 cytokines stimulate proinflammatory cytokine expression in psoriatic keratinocytes via activation of cPLA2α-Prostaglandin E2-EP4 signaling, which could be suppressed using the anti-psoriatic calcipotriol. cPLA2α inhibition and calcipotriol distinctly regulate expression of key psoriatic genes, possibly offering therapeutic advantage when applied together. Model simulations additionally suggest EP4 and protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha as drug targets that may restore a normal phenotype. Our work illustrates how the study of complex diseases can benefit from an integrated systems approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Tsirvouli
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Felicity Ashcroft
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Johansen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Kuiper
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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20
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An Y, Yao J, Niu X. The Signaling Pathway of PGE 2 and Its Regulatory Role in T Cell Differentiation. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9087816. [PMID: 34867083 PMCID: PMC8641993 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9087816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator derived from the fatty acid arachidonic acid. As an essential inflammatory factor, PGE2 has a critical impact on immune regulation through the prostanoid E (EP) receptor pathway. T cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, play crucial roles in the adaptive immune response. Previous studies have shown that PGE2 is involved in regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation and inflammatory cytokine production via the EP receptor pathway, thereby affecting the development of diseases mediated by CD4+ T cells. In this review, we summarize the signaling pathway of PGE2 and describe the relationship between PGE2 and T cell differentiation. Hence, this review may provide important evidence for immune therapies and may even promote the development of biomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiameng Yao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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21
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Vater C, Mehnert E, Bretschneider H, Bolte J, Findeisen L, Matuszewski LM, Zwingenberger S. Dose-Dependent Effects of a Novel Selective EP 4 Prostaglandin Receptor Agonist on Treatment of Critical Size Femoral Bone Defects in a Rat Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111712. [PMID: 34829941 PMCID: PMC8615441 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in treating pseudarthrosis and critical bone defects are still evident in physicians’ clinical routines. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) has shown promising osteoinductive results but also considerable side effects, not unexpected given that it is a morphogen. Thus, the bone regenerative potential of the novel selective, non-morphogenic EP4 prostaglandin receptor agonist KMN-159 was investigated in this study. Therefore, mineralized collagen type-1 matrices were loaded with different amounts of BMP-2 or KMN-159 and implanted into a 5 mm critical-sized femoral defect in rats. After 12 weeks of observation, micro-computed tomography scans were performed to analyze the newly formed bone volume (BV) and bone mineral density (BMD). Histological analysis was performed to evaluate the degree of defect healing and the number of vessels, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. Data were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn’s post hoc test. As expected, animals treated with BMP-2, the positive control for this model, showed a high amount of newly formed BV as well as bone healing. For KMN-159, a dose-dependent effect on bone regeneration could be observed up to a dose optimum, demonstrating that this non-morphogenic mechanism of action can stimulate bone formation in this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Vater
- University Center of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.B.); (J.B.); (L.F.); (L.-M.M.); (S.Z.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabeth Mehnert
- University Center of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.B.); (J.B.); (L.F.); (L.-M.M.); (S.Z.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (E.M.)
| | - Henriette Bretschneider
- University Center of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.B.); (J.B.); (L.F.); (L.-M.M.); (S.Z.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Bolte
- University Center of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.B.); (J.B.); (L.F.); (L.-M.M.); (S.Z.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Findeisen
- University Center of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.B.); (J.B.); (L.F.); (L.-M.M.); (S.Z.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucas-Maximilian Matuszewski
- University Center of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.B.); (J.B.); (L.F.); (L.-M.M.); (S.Z.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Zwingenberger
- University Center of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.B.); (J.B.); (L.F.); (L.-M.M.); (S.Z.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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22
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Peng S, Hu P, Xiao YT, Lu W, Guo D, Hu S, Xie J, Wang M, Yu W, Yang J, Chen H, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhu G, Chen S, Wang J, Zhang B, Chen W, Wu H, Sun Z, Ding T, Zhang H, Yi Z, Liu M, Ren S. Single-cell analysis reveals EP4 as a target for restoring T cell infiltration and sensitizing prostate cancer to immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 28:552-567. [PMID: 34740924 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint molecules have shown promising treatment for a subset of cancers; however, many "cold" tumors, such as prostate cancer, remain unresponsive. We aimed to identify a potential targetable marker relevant to prostate cancer and develop novel immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Analysis of transcriptomic profiles at single-cell resolution was performed in clinical patients' samples, along with integrated analysis of multiple RNA-seq datasets. The antitumor activity of YY001, a novel EP4 antagonist, combined with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo Results: We identified EP4 (PTGER4) as expressed in epithelial cells and various immune cells and involved in modulating the prostate cancer immune microenvironment. YY001, a novel EP4 antagonist, inhibited the differentiation, maturation, and immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) while enhancing the proliferation and anticancer functions of T cells. Furthermore, it reversed the infiltration levels of MDSCs and T cells in the tumor microenvironment by overturning the chemokine profile of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo The combined immunotherapy demonstrated a robust antitumor immune response as indicated by the robust accumulation and activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, with a significantly decreased MDSC ratio and reduced MDSC immunosuppression function. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified EP4 as a specific target for prostate cancer immunotherapy and demonstrated that YY001 inhibited the growth of prostate tumors by regulating the immune microenvironment and strongly synergized with anti-PD-1 antibodies to convert completely unresponsive prostate cancers into responsive cancers, resulting in marked tumor regression, long-term survival, and lasting immunologic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University
| | - Pan Hu
- East China Normal University
| | - Yu-Tian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- East China Normal University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences
| | - Dandan Guo
- Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University
| | - Shixiu Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University
| | | | | | - Weiwei Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Junjie Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University
| | | | | | - Yasheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Second Military Medical University
| | | | - Yue Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huangan Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhenliang Sun
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus
| | - Tao Ding
- Urology, Shanghai Putuo Hospital, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine University
| | - Hankun Zhang
- East China Normal University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University
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23
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Sorrin AJ, Liu C, Cicalo J, Reader J, Najafali D, Zhang Y, Roque DM, Huang HC. Photodynamic Priming Improves the Anti-Migratory Activity of Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 Antagonist in Cancer Cells In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5259. [PMID: 34771424 PMCID: PMC8582354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of photodynamic agents and biological inhibitors is rapidly gaining attention for its promise and approval in treating advanced cancer. The activity of photodynamic treatment is mainly governed by the formation of reactive oxygen species upon light activation of photosensitizers. Exposure to reactive oxygen species above a threshold dose can induce cellular damage and cancer cell death, while the surviving cancer cells are "photodynamically primed", or sensitized, to respond better to other drugs and biological treatments. Here, we report a new combination regimen of photodynamic priming (PDP) and prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) inhibition that reduces the migration and invasion of two human ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-5 and CAOV3) in vitro. PDP is achieved by red light activation of the FDA-approved photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD), or a chemical conjugate composed of the BPD linked to cetuximab, an anti-epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody. Immunoblotting data identify co-inhibition of EGFR, cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) as key in the signaling cascades modulated by the combination of EGFR-targeted PDP and EP4 inhibition. This study provides valuable insights into the development of a molecular-targeted photochemical strategy to improve the anti-metastatic effects of EP4 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Cindy Liu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Julia Cicalo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Jocelyn Reader
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.R.); (D.M.R.)
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Daniel Najafali
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Yuji Zhang
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dana M. Roque
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.R.); (D.M.R.)
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (D.N.)
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
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24
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Selvam C, Powell MD, Liland NS, Rosenlund G, Sissener NH. Impact of dietary level and ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on disease progression and mRNA expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) challenged with Paramoeba perurans. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12028. [PMID: 34540364 PMCID: PMC8415286 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of dietary level and ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids (FA) on growth, disease progression and expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following challenge with Paramoeba perurans. Fish (80 g) were fed four different diets with different ratios of n-6/n-3 FA; at 1.3, 2.4 and 6.0 and one diet with ratio of 1.3 combined with a higher level of n-3 FA and n-6 FA. The diet with the n-6/n-3 FA ratio of 6.0 was included to ensure potential n-6 FA effects were revealed, while the three other diets were more commercially relevant n-6/n-3 FA ratios and levels. After a pre-feeding period of 3 months, fish from each diet regime were challenged with a standardized laboratory challenge using a clonal culture of P. perurans at the concentration of 1,000 cells L−1. The subsequent development of the disease was monitored (by gross gill score), and sampling conducted before challenge and at weekly sampling points for 5 weeks post-challenge. Challenge with P. perurans did not have a significant impact on the growth of the fish during the challenge period, but fish given the feed with the highest n-6/n-3 FA ratio had reduced growth compared to the other groups. Total gill score for all surfaces showed a significant increase with time, reaching a maximum at 21 days post-challenge and declined thereafter, irrespective of diet groups. Challenge with P. perurans influenced the mRNA expression of examined genes involved in immune and inflammatory response (TNF-α, iNOS, IL4-13b, GATA-3, IL-1β, p53, COX2 and PGE2-EP4), but diet did not influence the gene expression. In conclusion, an increase in dietary n-6/n-3 FA ratio influenced the growth of Atlantic salmon challenged with P. perurans; however, it did not alter the mRNA expression of immune genes or progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekar Selvam
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.,Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
| | - Mark D Powell
- Marineholmen RAS Lab AS & University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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25
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Xin Y, Roh K, Cho E, Park D, Whang W, Jung E. Isookanin Inhibits PGE 2-Mediated Angiogenesis by Inducing Cell Arrest through Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB in HMEC-1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126466. [PMID: 34208772 PMCID: PMC8234715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a critical mediator of angiogenesis, and unregulated angiogenic responses often involve human diseases. The importance of regulating angiogenesis in inflammatory diseases has been demonstrated through some successful cases of anti-angiogenesis therapies in related diseases, including arthritis, but it has been reported that some synthetic types of antiangiogenic drugs have potential side effects. In recent years, the importance of finding alternative strategies for regulating angiogenesis has begun to attract the attention of researchers. Therefore, identification of natural ingredients used to prevent or treat angiogenesis-related diseases will play a greater role. Isookanin is a phenolic flavonoid presented in Bidens extract, and it has been reported that isookanin possesses some biological properties, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, anti-diabetic properties, and an ability to inhibit α-amylase. However, its antiangiogenic effects and mechanism thereof have not been studied yet. In this study, our results indicate that isookanin has an effective inhibitory effect on the angiogenic properties of microvascular endothelial cells. Isookanin shows inhibitory effects in multiple stages of PGE2-induced angiogenesis, including the growth, proliferation, migration, and tube formation of microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, isookanin induces cell cycle arrest in S phase, which is also the reason for subsequent inhibition of cell proliferation. The mechanism of inhibiting angiogenesis by isookanin is related to the inhibition of PGE2-mediated ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation. These findings make isookanin a potential candidate for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingji Xin
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156756, Korea
| | - Kyungbaeg Roh
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Eunae Cho
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Wankyunn Whang
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156756, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (E.J.); Tel.: +82-70-5117-0043 (E.J.)
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (E.J.); Tel.: +82-70-5117-0043 (E.J.)
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Hong DS, Parikh A, Shapiro GI, Varga A, Naing A, Meric-Bernstam F, Ataman Ö, Reyderman L, Binder TA, Ren M, Liu M, Dayal S, Siu AY, Sachdev P, Xu L, Bhagawati-Prasad V, Tchakov I, Ooi CE, Bao X, Marabelle A. First-in-human phase I study of immunomodulatory E7046, an antagonist of PGE 2-receptor E-type 4 (EP4), in patients with advanced cancers. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000222. [PMID: 32554609 PMCID: PMC7304851 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background E7046 is a highly selective, small-molecule antagonist of the E-type prostanoid receptor 4 (EP4) for prostaglandin E2, an immunosuppressive mediator of the tumor immune microenvironment. This first-in-human phase 1 study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase 2 dose of E7046. Methods This first-in-human study enrolled 30 patients with advanced tumors of cancer types associated with high levels of myeloid infiltrates. E7046 was administered orally once-daily in sequential escalating dose cohorts (125, 250, 500, and 750 mg) with ≥6 patients per cohort. Tumor assessments were performed every 6 weeks. Paired tumor biopsies and blood samples, before and on treatment, were collected for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterization of the treatment. Results No dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and the MTD was not reached. E7046 had an elimination half-life (t1/2) of 12 hours, and drug exposure increased dose-dependently from 125 to 500 mg. Target modulation by E7046 was supported by changes in genes downstream of EP4 with concurrent enhanced antitumoral immune responses. A best response of stable disease (per irRECIST) was reported in 23% of patients treated with E7046 (n=30) (125 mg: n=2; 250 mg: n=2; 750 mg: n=3). Over half (4/7) of the patients with stable disease had treatment duration of 18 weeks or more, and three patients (3/15; 20%) achieved metabolic responses. Conclusions In this first-in-human study, E7046 administered orally once daily demonstrated manageable tolerability, immunomodulatory effects, and a best response of stable disease (≥18 weeks) in several heavily pretreated patients with advanced malignancies. The 250 and 500 mg doses are proposed for further development in the combination setting. Trial registration number NCT02540291.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aparna Parikh
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Varga
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Min Ren
- Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Formerly of Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Amy Y Siu
- Formerly of Eisai, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lucy Xu
- Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Aurelien Marabelle
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Drug Development Department, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
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Manneck D, Manz G, Braun HS, Rosendahl J, Stumpff F. The TRPA1 Agonist Cinnamaldehyde Induces the Secretion of HCO 3- by the Porcine Colon. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105198. [PMID: 34068986 PMCID: PMC8156935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A therapeutic potential of the TRPA1 channel agonist cinnamaldehyde for use in inflammatory bowel disease is emerging, but the mechanisms are unclear. Semi-quantitative qPCR of various parts of the porcine gastrointestinal tract showed that mRNA for TRPA1 was highest in the colonic mucosa. In Ussing chambers, 1 mmol·L-1 cinnamaldehyde induced increases in short circuit current (ΔIsc) and conductance (ΔGt) across the colon that were higher than those across the jejunum or after 1 mmol·L-1 thymol. Lidocaine, amiloride or bumetanide did not change the response. The application of 1 mmol·L-1 quinidine or the bilateral replacement of 120 Na+, 120 Cl- or 25 HCO3- reduced ΔGt, while the removal of Ca2+ enhanced ΔGt with ΔIsc numerically higher. ΔIsc decreased after 0.5 NPPB, 0.01 indometacin and the bilateral replacement of 120 Na+ or 25 HCO3-. The removal of 120 Cl- had no effect. Cinnamaldehyde also activates TRPV3, but comparative measurements involving patch clamp experiments on overexpressing cells demonstrated that much higher concentrations are required. We suggest that cinnamaldehyde stimulates the secretion of HCO3- via apical CFTR and basolateral Na+-HCO3- cotransport, preventing acidosis and damage to the epithelium and the colonic microbiome. Signaling may involve the opening of TRPA1, depolarization of the epithelium and a rise in PGE2 following a lower uptake of prostaglandins via OATP2A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Manneck
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Gisela Manz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Hannah-Sophie Braun
- PerformaNat GmbH, Hohentwielsteig 6, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (H.-S.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Julia Rosendahl
- PerformaNat GmbH, Hohentwielsteig 6, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (H.-S.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Friederike Stumpff
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (D.M.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-838-62595
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Yang H, Li GP, Liu Q, Zong SB, Li L, Xu ZL, Zhou J, Cao L, Wang ZZ, Zhang QC, Li M, Fan QR, Hu HF, Xiao W. Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgolide B in focal cerebral ischemia through selective activation of prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 and the downstream transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2727-2744. [PMID: 33452698 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to identify whether prostaglandin E2 receptor is the potential receptor/binding site for Ginkgolide A, Ginkgolide B, Ginkgolide K, and Bilobalide, the four main ingredients of the Ginkgo biloba L., leaves. Using functional assays, we identified EP4, coupled with Gs protein, as a target of Ginkgolide B. In human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells suffered from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, Ginkgolide B-activated PKA, Akt, and ERK1/2 as well as Src-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. These resulted in downstream signaling pathways, which enhanced cell survival and inhibited apoptosis. Knockdown of EP4 prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and neuroprotective effects. Moreover, Src inhibitor prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated EGFR transactivation and the downstream Akt and ERK1/2 activation, while the phosphorylation of PKA induced by Ginkgolide B was not affected, indicating Ginkgolide B might transactivate EGFR in a ligand-independent manner. EP4 knockdown in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated infarct size reduction and neurological assessment improvement. At the same time, the increased expressions of p-Akt, p-ERK1/2, p-PKA, p-Src, and p-EGFR and the deceased expression of cleaved capases-3 induced by Ginkgolide B in cerebral cortex were blocked due to EP4 knockdown. In conclusion, Ginkgolide B exerts neuroprotective effects in rat MCAO model through the activation of EP4 and the downstream transactivation of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Gui-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Qiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Shao-Bo Zong
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Quan-Chang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Qi-Ru Fan
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Han-Fei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
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EP4 as a Negative Prognostic Factor in Patients with Vulvar Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061410. [PMID: 33808776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
New prognostic factors and targeted therapies are urgently needed to improve therapeutic outcomes in vulvar cancer patients and to reduce therapy related morbidity. Previous studies demonstrated the important role of prostaglandin receptors in inflammation and carcinogenesis in a variety of tumor entities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of EP4 in vulvar cancer tissue and its association with clinicopathological data and its prognostic relevance on survival. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumor specimens of 157 patients with vulvar cancer treated in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Germany, between 1990 and 2008. The expression of EP4 was analyzed using the well-established semiquantitative immunoreactivity score (IRS) and EP4 expression levels were correlated with clinicopathological data and patients' survival. To specify the tumor-associated immune cells, immunofluorescence double staining was performed on tissue samples. In vitro experiments including 5-Bromo-2'-Deoxyuridine (BrdU) proliferation assay and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromid (MTT) viability assay were conducted in order to examine the effect of EP4 antagonist L-161,982 on vulvar carcinoma cells. EP4 expression was a common finding in in the analyzed vulvar cancer tissue. EP4 expression correlated significantly with tumor size and FIGO classification and differed significantly between keratinizing vulvar carcinoma and nonkeratinizing carcinoma. Survival analysis showed a significant correlation of high EP4 expression with poorer overall survival (p = 0.001) and a trending correlation between high EP4 expression and shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.069). Cox regression revealed EP4 as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival when other factors were taken into account. We could show in vitro that EP4 antagonism attenuates both viability and proliferation of vulvar cancer cells. In order to evaluate EP4 as a prognostic marker and possible target for endocrinological therapy, more research is needed on the influence of EP4 in the tumor environment and its impact in vulvar carcinoma.
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Abouelkheir M, Shabaan DA, Shahien MA. Delayed blockage of prostaglandin EP 4 receptors can reduce dedifferentiation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis following acute kidney injury. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:791-800. [PMID: 33634509 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation of tubular epithelial cells is involved in both regeneration and fibrosis following acute kidney injury (AKI). Prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4 ) antagonist can inhibit the dedifferentiation of renal tubular cells. The present study investigated whether the time of blockage of EP4 receptors, using grapiprant, could affect the tubular regeneration or interstitial fibrosis in AKI. Cisplatin was used to induce AKI in 72 C57BL/6 adult female mice. Animals were assigned to four groups; control, cisplatin-treated, cisplatin-treated with early grapiprant intervention and cisplatin-treated with late grapiprant intervention. AKI was assessed by kidney function tests and histopathology. Fibrosis was evaluated by Masson's trichrome and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Markers of dedifferentiation, CD133, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), vimentin were assessed. Early intervention with grapiprant significantly ameliorated AKI more efficiently than late intervention. However, even late intervention was useful in reducing the overall fibrosis as demonstrated by Masson's trichrome and α-SMA expression. In both grapiprant-treated groups, a parallel reduction of dedifferentiation (CD133) and EMT (vimentin) was evident. It seems that the progressive fibrotic changes that follow AKI could still be reduced possibly by targeting dedifferentiation and/or EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abouelkheir
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Shabaan
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Awad Shahien
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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31
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Zhang Y, Greer RA, Song Y, Praveen H, Song Y. In silico identification of available drugs targeting cell surface BiP to disrupt SARS-CoV-2 binding and replication: Drug repurposing approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 160:105771. [PMID: 33617948 PMCID: PMC7894100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims Cell surface binding immunoglobin protein (csBiP) is predicted to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 binding. With a substrate-binding domain (SBD) that binds to polypeptides and a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) that can initiate extrinsic caspase-dependent apoptosis, csBiP may be a promising therapeutic target for COVID-19. This study aims to identify FDA-approved drugs that can neutralize viral binding and prevent viral replication by targeting the functional domains of csBiP. Methods In silico screening of 1999 FDA-approved drugs against the functional domains of BiP were performed using three molecular docking programs to avoid bias from individual docking programs. Top ligands were selected by averaging the ligand rankings from three programs. Interactions between top ligands and functional domains of BiP were analyzed. Key findings The top 10 SBD-binding candidates are velpatasvir, irinotecan, netupitant, lapatinib, doramectin, conivaptan, fenoverine, duvelisib, irbesartan, and pazopanib. The top 10 NBD-binding candidates are nilotinib, eltrombopag, grapiprant, topotecan, acetohexamide, vemurafenib, paritaprevir, pixantrone, azosemide, and piperaquine-phosphate. Among them, Velpatasvir and paritaprevir are antiviral agents that target the protease of hepatitis C virus. Netupitant is an anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits neurokinin-1 receptor, which contributes to acute inflammation. Grapiprant is an anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits the prostaglandin E2 receptor protein subtype 4, which is expressed on immune cells and triggers inflammation. These predicted SBD-binding drugs could disrupt SARS-CoV-2 binding to csBiP, and NBD-binding drugs may falter viral attachment and replication by locking the SBD in closed conformation and triggering apoptosis in infected cells. Significance csBiP appears to be a novel therapeutic target against COVID-19 by preventing viral attachment and replication. These identified drugs could be repurposed to treat COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Rory A Greer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Hrithik Praveen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Yuhua Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Aringer I, Artinger K, Schabhüttl C, Bärnthaler T, Mooslechner AA, Kirsch A, Pollheimer M, Eller P, Rosenkranz AR, Heinemann A, Eller K. Agonism of Prostaglandin E2 Receptor 4 Ameliorates Tubulointerstitial Injury in Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis in Mice. J Clin Med 2021; 10:832. [PMID: 33670614 PMCID: PMC7922874 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectively targeting the E-type prostanoid receptor 4 (EP4) might be a new therapeutic option in the treatment of glomerulonephritis (GN), since the EP4 receptor is expressed on different immune cells, resident kidney cells, and endothelial cells, which are all involved in the pathogenesis of immune-complex GN. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential and to understand the mode of action of EP4 agonist in immune-complex GN using the murine model of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTS). In vivo, NTS mice were treated two times daily with two different doses of an EP4 agonist ONO AE1-329 or vehicle for 14 days total. The effect of PGE2 and EP4 agonism and antagonism was tested on murine distal convoluted tubular epithelial cells (DCT) in vitro. In vivo, the higher dose of the EP4 agonist led to an improved NTS phenotype, including a reduced tubular injury score and reduced neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. EP4 agonist treatment caused decreased CD4+ T cell infiltration into the kidney and increased proliferative capacity of tubular cells. Injection of the EP4 agonist resulted in dose-dependent vasodilation and hypotensive episodes. The low-dose EP4 agonist treatment resulted in less pronounced episodes of hypotension. In vitro, EP4 agonism resulted in cAMP production and increased distal convoluted tubular (DCT) proliferation. Taken together, EP4 agonism improved the NTS phenotype by various mechanisms, including reduced blood pressure, decreased CD4+ T cell infiltration, and a direct effect on tubular cells leading to increased proliferation probably by increasing cAMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Aringer
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.A.); (K.A.); (C.S.); (A.A.M.); (A.R.R.)
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital St. Poelten, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, BioTechMed Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Katharina Artinger
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.A.); (K.A.); (C.S.); (A.A.M.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Corinna Schabhüttl
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.A.); (K.A.); (C.S.); (A.A.M.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, BioTechMed Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Agnes A. Mooslechner
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.A.); (K.A.); (C.S.); (A.A.M.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Andrijana Kirsch
- Clinical Department of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Marion Pollheimer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Philipp Eller
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Alexander R. Rosenkranz
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.A.); (K.A.); (C.S.); (A.A.M.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, BioTechMed Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.A.); (K.A.); (C.S.); (A.A.M.); (A.R.R.)
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Corboz MR, Salvail W, Gagnon S, LaSala D, Laurent CE, Salvail D, Chen KJ, Cipolla D, Perkins WR, Chapman RW. Prostanoid receptor subtypes involved in treprostinil-mediated vasodilation of rat pulmonary arteries and in treprostinil-mediated inhibition of collagen gene expression of human lung fibroblasts. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 152:106486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kain V, Ingle KA, Rajasekaran NS, Halade GV. Activation of EP4 receptor limits transition of acute to chronic heart failure in lipoxygenase deficient mice. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2742-2754. [PMID: 33456570 PMCID: PMC7806484 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Immune responsive 12/15 lipoxygenase (12/15LOX)-orchestrate biosynthesis of essential inflammation-resolution mediators during acute inflammatory response in post-myocardial infarction (MI). Lack of 12/15LOX dampens proinflammatory mediator 12-(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-(S)-HETE), improves post-MI survival, through the biosynthesis of endogenous mediators epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs; cypoxins) to resolve post-MI inflammation. However, the mechanism that amplifies cypoxins-directed cardiac repair in acute heart failure (AHF) and chronic HF (CHF) remains of interest in MI-directed renal inflammation. Therefore, we determined the role of EETs in macrophage-specific receptor activation in facilitating cardiac repair in 12/15LOX deficient mice experiencing HF. Methods and Results: Risk-free young adult (8 -12 week-old) male C57BL/6J wild-type mice (WT; n = 43) and 12/15LOX-/- mice (n = 31) were subjected to permanent coronary artery ligation and monitored at day (d)1, d5 (as acute HF), and d28 to d56 (8 weeks; chronic HF) post-surgery maintaining no-MI mice that served as d0 naïve controls. Left ventricle (LV) infarcted area of 12/15LOX-/- mice displayed an increase in expression of prostanoid receptor EP4 along with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 CCL2 in AHF and CHF. The transcriptome analysis of isolated leukocytes (macrophages/neutrophils) from infarcted LV revealed a higher expression of EP4 on reparative macrophages expressing MRC-1 in 12/15LOX-/- mice. Deletion of 12/15LOX differentially modulated the miRNA levels, downregulating miR-23a-3p (~20 fold; p < 0.05) and upregulating miR-125a-5p (~160 fold; p < 0.05) in AHF which promoted polarization of the macrophages towards reparative phenotype. Furthermore, 12/15LOX deletion markedly attenuated renal inflammation with reduced levels of NGAL and KIM-1 and apoptotic markers in the kidney during CHF. Conclusion: In risk-free mice during physiological cardiac repair, absence of 12/15LOX promoted reparative macrophages with marked activation of EP4 signaling thereby improving post-MI survival and limiting renal inflammation in acute and advanced HF. The future studies are warranted to advance the role of EETs in macrophage receptor biology.
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Kim NH, Kim KS, Shin SC, Kim EE, Yu YG. Functional expression of human prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) in E. coli and characterization of the binding property of EP4 with G α proteins. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 25:100871. [PMID: 33367116 PMCID: PMC7749421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) is one of the four subtypes of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors and belongs to the rhodopsin-type G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Particularly, EP4 is expressed in various cancer cells and is involved in cancer-cell proliferation by a G protein signaling cascade. To prepare an active form of EP4 for biochemical characterization and pharmaceutical application, this study designed a recombinant protein comprising human EP4 fused to the P9 protein (a major envelope protein of phi6 phage) and overexpressed the P9-EP4 fusion protein in the membrane fraction of E. coli. The solubilized P9-EP4 with sarkosyl (a strong anionic detergent) was purified by affinity chromatography. The purified protein was stabilized with amphiphilic polymers derived from poly-γ-glutamate. The polymer-stabilized P9-EP4 showed specific interaction with the alpha subunits of Gs or Gi proteins, and a high content of α-helical structure by a circular dichroism spectroscopy. Furthermore, the polymer-stabilized P9-EP4 showed strong heat resistance compared with P9-EP4 in detergents. The functional preparation of EP4 and its stabilization with amphiphilic polymers could facilitate both the biochemical characterization and pharmacological applications targeting EP4. Prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) was overexpressed as P9-fusion protein in E. coli. The APG-stabilized P9-EP4 showed specific interaction with the alpha subunits and its ligands. The APG-stabilized P9-EP4 showed strong heat resistance compared with P9-EP4 in detergents. The binding kinetics of P9-EP4 with both antagonists and agonists were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Hyuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Key-Sun Kim
- Convergence research Center for Diagnosis Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Shin
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02790, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunice Eunkyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02790, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Gyu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
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Lee C, Viswanathan G, Choi I, Jassal C, Kohlmann T, Rajagopal S. Beta-Arrestins and Receptor Signaling in the Vascular Endothelium. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010009. [PMID: 33374806 PMCID: PMC7824595 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is the innermost layer of blood vessels and is a key regulator of vascular tone. Endothelial function is controlled by receptor signaling through G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases and receptor serine-threonine kinases. The β-arrestins, multifunctional adapter proteins, have the potential to regulate all of these receptor families, although it is unclear as to whether they serve to integrate signaling across all of these different axes. Notably, the β-arrestins have been shown to regulate signaling by a number of receptors important in endothelial function, such as chemokine receptors and receptors for vasoactive substances such as angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and prostaglandins. β-arrestin-mediated signaling pathways have been shown to play central roles in pathways that control vasodilation, cell proliferation, migration, and immune function. At this time, the physiological impact of this signaling has not been studied in detail, but a deeper understanding of it could lead to the development of novel therapies for the treatment of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Gayathri Viswanathan
- Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (G.V.); (I.C.)
| | - Issac Choi
- Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (G.V.); (I.C.)
| | - Chanpreet Jassal
- College of Arts and Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Taylor Kohlmann
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (G.V.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Palla AR, Ravichandran M, Wang YX, Alexandrova L, Yang AV, Kraft P, Holbrook CA, Schürch CM, Ho ATV, Blau HM. Inhibition of prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH rejuvenates aged muscle mass and strength. Science 2020; 371:science.abc8059. [PMID: 33303683 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc8059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatments are lacking for sarcopenia, a debilitating age-related skeletal muscle wasting syndrome. We identifed increased amounts of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-degrading enzyme, as a hallmark of aged tissues, including skeletal muscle. The consequent reduction in PGE2 signaling contributed to muscle atrophy in aged mice and results from 15-PGDH-expressing myofibers and interstitial cells, such as macrophages, within muscle. Overexpression of 15-PGDH in young muscles induced atrophy. Inhibition of 15-PGDH, by targeted genetic depletion or a small-molecule inhibitor, increased aged muscle mass, strength, and exercise performance. These benefits arise from a physiological increase in PGE2 concentrations, which augmented mitochondrial function and autophagy and decreased transforming growth factor-β signaling and activity of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Thus, PGE2 signaling ameliorates muscle atrophy and rejuvenates muscle function, and 15-PGDH may be a suitable therapeutic target for countering sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Palla
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Ravichandran
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y X Wang
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L Alexandrova
- Vincent Coates Foundation Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A V Yang
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P Kraft
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C A Holbrook
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C M Schürch
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Nolan Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A T V Ho
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H M Blau
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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38
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Nabergoj S, Markovič T, Avsec D, Gobec M, Podgornik H, Jakopin Ž, Mlinarič-Raščan I. EP4 receptor agonist L-902688 augments cytotoxic activities of ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax against chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114352. [PMID: 33278351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has significantly improved more recently with the approval of several new agents, including ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax. Despite the outstanding efficacies observed with these agents, these treatments are sometimes discontinued due to toxicity, unresponsiveness, transformation of the disease and/or resistance. Constitutive NF-κB activation that protects CLL cells from apoptotic stimuli represents one of molecular mechanisms that underlie the emergence of drug resistance. As prostaglandin E (EP)4 receptor agonists have been shown to successfully inhibit the NF-κB pathway in B-cell lymphoma cells, we investigated the potential of the highly specific EP4 receptor agonist L-902688 for the potential treatment of patients with CLL. We show here that low micromolar concentrations of L-902688 can indeed induce selective cytotoxicity towards several B-cell malignancies, including CLL. Moreover, L-902688-mediated activation of the EP4 receptor in patient derived CLL cells resulted in inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. Most importantly, we show for the first time that in combination with ibrutinib, idelalisib, or venetoclax, L-902688 induces synergistic cytotoxic activity against patient derived CLL cells. To conclude, the modulation of NF-κB activity by EP4 receptor agonists represents an innovative approach to improve the treatment of patients with CLL. In particular, EP4 receptor agonists appear to represent promising adjuncts to the already existing therapies for patients with CLL due to these promising synergistic activities.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/administration & dosage
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Piperidines/administration & dosage
- Purines/administration & dosage
- Pyrrolidinones/administration & dosage
- Quinazolinones/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- Tetrazoles/administration & dosage
- U937 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Nabergoj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tijana Markovič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Avsec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Podgornik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Haematology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Mlinarič-Raščan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Horikami D, Kobayashi K, Murata T. [Prostanoids regulate vascular permeability]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2020; 155:395-400. [PMID: 33132257 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.20045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In normal condition, vasculature transports only small molecules such as nutrients across vascular wall. When inflammation occurs, inflammatory stimuli increase the permeability of vessel, which induces the extravasation of molecules larger than 40 kDa including plasma proteins. These extravasated molecules cause further inflammation by promoting the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the production of inflammatory mediators. Although it is known that vascular hyper-permeability plays an important role in inflammation, the detailed mechanism of vascular permeability regulation is still unclear. It is known that vascular permeability is controlled by two types of cells: endothelial cells and vascular mural cells. Endothelial cells cover the luminal side of vascular wall in a single layer and form endothelial barrier. Vascular mural cells regulate the blood flow volume of the downstream tissue by contracting or relaxing vascular wall. Endothelial barrier enhancement and vasocontraction suppress the vascular permeability, while endothelial barrier disruption and vasorelaxation promote it. Vascular permeability is regulated by the balance between the response of endothelial cells and vascular mural cells. Prostanoids are cell membrane-derived lipid mediators which bind to each specific G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), prostanoid receptors. Recently, several studies showed that prostanoids regulate vascular permeability by acting on endothelial cells and/or vascular mural cells. In this review, we would like to describe the role of each prostanoid in vascular permeability by focusing on the characteristics of each specific receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Horikami
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Koji Kobayashi
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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40
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Feng M, Zhao Z, Yang M, Ji J, Zhu D. T-cell-based immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 498:201-209. [PMID: 33129958 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. CRC therapeutic strategies include surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other approaches. However, patients with metastatic CRC have worse prognoses. In recent years, T-cell-based immunotherapy has elicited promising responses in B-cell malignancies, melanoma, and lung cancer, but most CRC patients are resistant to immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown encouraging results in non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and other cancers, but immune checkpoint blockade is only effective for CRC subset with microsatellite instability. Other immunotherapies, such as cytokines, cancer vaccines, small molecules, oncolytic viruses, and chimeric antigen-receptor therapy, are currently in use against CRC. This review analyzes recent developments in immunotherapy for CRC treatment as well as the challenges in overcoming resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Feng
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Mengxuan Yang
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Di Zhu
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, Fudan University, 201203, China.
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41
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EP4 receptor as a novel promising therapeutic target in colon cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153247. [PMID: 33190014 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent malignancy that can occur in the gastrointestinal tract is colon cancer. The current treatment options for colon cancer patients include chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Although the chance of curing the disease in the early stages is high, there is no cure for almost all patients with advanced and metastatic disease. It has been found that over-activation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), followed by the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in patients with colon cancer are significantly increased. The tumorigenic function of COX-2 is mainly due to its role in the production of PGE2. PGE2, as a main generated prostanoid, has an essential role in growth and survival of colon cancer cell's. PGE2 exerts various effects in colon cancer cells including enhanced expansion, angiogenesis, survival, invasion, and migration. The signaling of PGE2 via the EP4 receptor has been shown to induce colon tumorigenesis. Moreover, the expression levels of the EP4 receptor significantly affect tumor growth and development. Overexpression of EP4 by various mechanisms increases survival and tumor vasculature in colon cancer cells. It seems that the pathway starting with COX2, continuing with PGE2, and ending with EP4 can promote the spread and growth of colon cancer. Therefore, targeting the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 axis can be considered as a worthy therapeutic approach to treat colon cancer. In this review, we have examined the role and different mechanisms that the EP4 receptor is involved in the development of colon cancer.
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42
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Endo S, Suganami A, Fukushima K, Senoo K, Araki Y, Regan JW, Mashimo M, Tamura Y, Fujino H. 15-Keto-PGE 2 acts as a biased/partial agonist to terminate PGE 2-evoked signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13338-13352. [PMID: 32727851 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is well-known as an endogenous proinflammatory prostanoid synthesized from arachidonic acid by the activation of cyclooxygenase-2. E type prostanoid (EP) receptors are cognates for PGE2 that have four main subtypes: EP1 to EP4. Of these, the EP2 and EP4 prostanoid receptors have been shown to couple to Gαs-protein and can activate adenylyl cyclase to form cAMP. Studies suggest that EP4 receptors are involved in colorectal homeostasis and cancer development, but further work is needed to identify the roles of EP2 receptors in these functions. After sufficient inflammation has been evoked by PGE2, it is metabolized to 15-keto-PGE2 Thus, 15-keto-PGE2 has long been considered an inactive metabolite of PGE2 However, it may have an additional role as a biased and/or partial agonist capable of taking over the actions of PGE2 to gradually terminate reactions. Here, using cell-based experiments and in silico simulations, we show that PGE2-activated EP4 receptor-mediated signaling may evoke the primary initiating reaction of the cells, which would take over the 15-keto-PGE2-activated EP2 receptor-mediated signaling after PGE2 is metabolized to 15-keto-PGE2 The present results shed light on new aspects of 15-keto-PGE2, which may have important roles in passing on activities to EP2 receptors from PGE2-stimulated EP4 receptors as a "switched agonist." This novel mechanism may be significant for gradually terminating PGE2-evoked inflammation and/or maintaining homeostasis of colorectal tissues/cells functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzu Endo
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Suganami
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keijo Fukushima
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kanaho Senoo
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yumi Araki
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - John W Regan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Masato Mashimo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Fujino
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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43
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Musser ML, Viall AK, Phillips RL, Hostetter JM, Johannes CM. Gene expression of prostaglandin EP4 receptor in three canine carcinomas. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:213. [PMID: 32571310 PMCID: PMC7310232 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation mediated by the cyclooxygenase enzymes, specifically their product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), can result in the development of cancer. PGE2 promotes cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis through interaction with its specific receptors (EP1 receptor - EP4 receptor [EP1R-EP4R]). In multiple human cancers, the expression of EP4R is associated with the development of malignancy and a poor prognosis. The expression of EP4R has not yet been evaluated in canine tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize the mRNA gene expression of EP4R (ptger4) in canine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA), and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Archived tumor samples of canine cutaneous SCC (n = 9), AGASACA (n = 9), and TCC (n = 9), and matched archived normal tissue controls were evaluated for mRNA expression of canine EP4R using RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope®). Quantification of RNAscope® signals in tissue sections was completed with an advanced digital pathology image analysis system (HALO). Data was expressed as copy number, H-index, and percent tumor cell expression of EP4R. RESULTS In all canine SCC, AGASACA, and TCC samples evaluated, strong universal positive expression of EP4R was identified. For SCC and AGASACA, mRNA EP4R expression was statistically higher than that of their respective normal tissues. The TCC tissues displayed significantly less mRNA EP4R expression when compared to normal bladder mucosa. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the mRNA expression of canine EP4R in all tumor types evaluated, with SCC and AGASACA displaying the highest expression, and TCC displaying the lowest expression. This study also represents the first reported veterinary evaluation of EP4R expression using the novel in situ hybridization technique, RNAscope®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Musser
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Austin K Viall
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rachel L Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jesse M Hostetter
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA.,Present address: University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
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Wu J, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Sun X, Zhao Y, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Wang W. PPARγ as an E3 Ubiquitin-Ligase Impedes Phosphate-Stat6 Stability and Promotes Prostaglandins E 2-Mediated Inhibition of IgE Production in Asthma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1224. [PMID: 32636842 PMCID: PMC7317005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased serum IgE level is one of the features of allergic asthma. It is reported that IgE production can be enhanced by E-prostanoid 2 (EP2) receptor of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); however, whether E-prostanoid 4 (EP4) receptor (encoded by Ptger4) has a unique or redundant role is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated the mice with B cell-specific deletion of the EP4 receptor (Ptger4fl/flMb1cre+/−) showed their serum levels of IgE were markedly increased. A much more severe airway allergic inflammation was observed in the absence of EP4 signal using the OVA-induced asthma model. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the transcription levels of AID, GLTε, and PSTε in EP4-deficient B cells were found to be significantly increased, implying an enhanced IgE class switch. In addition, we saw higher levels of phosphorylated STAT6, a vital factor for IgE class switch. Biochemical analyses indicated that inhibitory effect of EP4 signal on IgE depended on the activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Further downstream, PPARγ expression was up-regulated. Independent of its activity as a transcription factor, PPARγ here primarily functioned as an E3 ubiquitin-ligase, which bound the phosphorylated STAT6 to initiate its degradation. In support of PPARγ as a key mediator downstream of the EP4 signal, PPARγ agonist induced the down-regulation of phospho-STAT6, whereas its antagonist was able to rescue the EP4-mediated inhibition of STAT6 activation and IgE production. Thus, our findings highlight a role for the PGE2-EP4-AKT-PPARγ-STAT6 signaling in IgE response, highlighting the therapeutic potential of combined application of EP4 and PPARγ agonists in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
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45
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Cai LL, Xu HT, Wang QL, Zhang YQ, Chen W, Zheng DY, Liu F, Yuan HB, Li YH, Fu HL. EP4 activation ameliorates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via ERK1/2‑GSK3β‑dependent MPTP inhibition. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1825-1837. [PMID: 32186754 PMCID: PMC7169940 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4) is widely distributed in the heart, but its role in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), particularly in mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) modulation, is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, an EP4 agonist (CAY10598) was used in a rat model to evaluate the effects of EP4 activation on liver I/R and the mechanisms underlying this. I/R insult upregulated hepatic EP4 expression during early reperfusion. In addition, subcutaneous CAY10598 injection prior to the onset of reperfusion significantly increased hepatocyte cAMP concentrations and decreased serum ALT and AST levels and necrotic and apoptotic cell percentages, after 6 h of reperfusion. Moreover, CAY10598 protected mitochondrial morphology, markedly inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening and decreased liver reactive oxygen species levels. This occurred via activation of the ERK1/2-GSK3β pathway rather than the janus kinase (JAK)2-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 pathway, and resulted in prevention of mitochondria-associated cell injury. The MPTP opener carboxyatractyloside (CATR) and the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 also partially reversed the protective effects of CAY10598 on the liver and mitochondria. The current findings indicate that EP4 activation induces ERK1/2-GSK3β signaling and subsequent MPTP inhibition to provide hepatoprotection, and these observations are informative for developing new molecular targets and preventative therapies for I/R in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Long Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Yu Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Take Y, Koizumi S, Nagahisa A. Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 Antagonist in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms of Action. Front Immunol 2020; 11:324. [PMID: 32210957 PMCID: PMC7076081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly expressed prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in tumor tissues suppresses antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and causes tumor immune evasion leading to disease progression. In animal studies, selective inhibition of the prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4), one of four PGE2 receptors, suppresses tumor growth, restoring the tumor immune response toward an antitumorigenic condition. This review summarizes PGE2/EP4 signal inhibition in relation to the cancer-immunity cycle (C-IC), which describes fundamental tumor-immune interactions in cancer immunotherapy. PGE2 is suggested to slow down C-IC by inhibiting natural killer cell functions, suppressing the supply of conventional dendritic cell precursors to the TME. This is critical for the tumor-associated antigen priming of CD8+ T cells and their translocation to the tumor tissue from the tumor-draining lymph node. Furthermore, PGE2 activates several key immune-suppressive cells present in tumors and counteracts tumoricidal properties of the effector CD8+ T cells. These effects of PGE2 drive the tumors to non-T-cell-inflamed tumors and cause refractory conditions to cancer immunotherapies, e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. EP4 antagonist therapy is suggested to inhibit the immune-suppressive and tumorigenic roles of PGE2 in tumors, and it may sensitize the therapeutic effects of ICIs in patients with non-inflamed and C-IC-deficient tumors. This review provides insight into the mechanism of action of EP4 antagonists in cancer immunotherapy and suggests a C-IC modulating opportunity for EP4 antagonist therapy in combination with ICIs and/or other cancer therapies.
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Budsberg SC, Kleine SA, Norton MM, Sandberg GS. Comparison of two inhibitors of E-type prostanoid receptor four and carprofen in dogs with experimentally induced acute synovitis. Am J Vet Res 2020; 80:1001-1006. [PMID: 31644340 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.11.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ability of a proprietary antagonist of E-type prostanoid receptor (EP) 4, grapiprant, and carprofen to attenuate lameness attributable to urate-induced synovitis in dogs. ANIMALS 5 purpose-bred hound-cross dogs. PROCEDURES A blinded, 3-way crossover study was performed. Dogs received each of 3 treatments (L-766, a proprietary antagonist of EP4; 4.0 mg/kg), grapiprant (an antagonist of EP4; 2.0 mg/kg), and carprofen (4.4 mg/kg); dogs received 4 doses of each treatment (14 and 2 hours before and 22 and 46 hours after urate injection). Synovitis was induced by intra-articular injection of sodium urate. Measurements (vertical ground reaction forces and clinical lameness scores) were obtained immediately before (0 hours; baseline) and 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after sodium urate injection. All data were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS Lameness scores at 6 hours were significantly higher than baseline lameness scores for all treatments. Lameness scores for the grapiprant treatment remained significantly higher at 12 and 24 hours, compared with baseline lameness scores. Lameness scores for the carprofen treatment were significantly lower than lameness scores for the grapiprant treatment at 6, 12, and 24 hours. Analysis of peak vertical force and vertical impulse data revealed a pattern similar to that for lameness scores. Treatment with L-766 resulted in a significantly higher vertical impulse at 48 hours than did treatment with carprofen or grapiprant. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In these dogs, carprofen was the most effective treatment for attenuating lameness induced by injection of sodium urate, and grapiprant was the least effective treatment.
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Yang JJ, Yu WW, Hu LL, Liu WJ, Lin XH, Wang W, Zhang Q, Wang PL, Tang SW, Wang X, Liu M, Lu W, Zhang HK. Discovery and Characterization of 1 H-1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives as Novel Prostanoid EP4 Receptor Antagonists for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2020; 63:569-590. [PMID: 31855426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prostanoid EP4 receptor is one of the key receptors associated with inflammatory mediator PGE2-elicited immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Blockade of EP4 signaling to enhance immunity-mediated tumor elimination has recently emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. In our efforts to discover novel subtype-selective EP4 antagonists, we designed and synthesized a class of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-based ligands that display low nanomolar antagonism activity toward the human EP4 receptor and excellent subtype selectivity. The most promising compound 59 exhibits single-digit nanomolar potency in the EP4 calcium flux and cAMP-response element reporter assays and effectively suppresses the expression of multiple immunosuppression-related genes in macrophage cells. On the basis of its favorable ADMET properties, compound 59 was chosen for further in vivo biological evaluation. Oral administration of compound 59 significantly inhibited tumor growth in the mouse CT26 colon carcinoma model accompanied by enhanced infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Yang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Wei-Wei Yu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Long-Long Hu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Wen-Juan Liu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Xian-Hua Lin
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Qiansen Zhang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Pei-Li Wang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Shuo-Wen Tang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Xin Wang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Han-Kun Zhang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
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Interleukin 1β and Prostaglandin E2 affect expression of DNA methylating and demethylating enzymes in human gingival fibroblasts. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:105920. [PMID: 31810887 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory condition that results in increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. In addition to oral disease and tooth loss, it also causes low-grade systemic inflammation that contributes to development of systemic conditions including cardiovascular disease, pre-term birth, diabetes and cancer. Chronic inflammation is associated with epigenetic change, and it has been suggested that such changes can alter cell phenotypes in ways that contribute to both ongoing inflammation and development of associated pathologies. Here we show that exposure of human gingival fibroblasts to IL-1β increases expression of maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1 but decreases expression of de novo methyltransferase DNMT3a and the demethylating enzyme TET1, while exposure to PGE2 decreases expression of all three enzymes. IL-1β and PGE2 both affect global levels of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, as well as methylation of some specific CpG in inflammation-associated genes. The effects of IL-1β are independent of its ability to induce production of PGE2, and the effects of PGE2 on DNMT3a expression are mediated by the EP4 receptor. The finding that exposure of fibroblasts to IL-1β and PGE2 can result in altered expression of DNA methylating/demethylating enzymes and in changing patterns of DNA methylation suggests a mechanism through which inflammatory mediators might contribute to the increased risk of carcinogenesis associated with inflammation.
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Tanaka N, Yamaguchi H, Mano N. Involvement of H +-gradient dependent transporter in PGE 2 release from A549 cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 149:30-36. [PMID: 31421525 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the transporter involved in the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In the present study, transport assays were conducted using membrane vesicles prepared from human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, thus enabling identification of the novel exporter present in A549 cells. PGE2 transport into A549 vesicles was higher in the presence of a proton (H+)-gradient, thus suggesting the involvement of PGE2H+ symporter in PGE2 transport. Results from our experiments showed enhanced PGE2 release in A549 cells in the presence of H+-gradient ([H+]extracellular < [H+]intracellular). Moreover, in vesicular transport assays, H+-gradient-dependent transport of PGE2 did not show saturation up to 500 μM PGE2, and 10 mM aromatic monocarboxylic acids (acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, and p-nitrobenzoic acid) significantly inhibited PGE2 transport by 62-70%. These results suggest, the involvement of monocarboxylate transporters in the H+-gradient-dependent PGE2 export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japa; Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine/Department of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2, Iida-nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japa
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