1
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Goebeler ME, Stuhler G, Bargou R. Bispecific and multispecific antibodies in oncology: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:539-560. [PMID: 38822215 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Research into bispecific antibodies, which are designed to simultaneously bind two antigens or epitopes, has advanced enormously over the past two decades. Owing to advances in protein engineering technologies and considerable preclinical research efforts, bispecific antibodies are constantly being developed and optimized to improve their efficacy and to mitigate toxicity. To date, >200 of these agents, the majority of which are bispecific immune cell engagers, are in either preclinical or clinical evaluation. In this Review, we discuss the role of bispecific antibodies in patients with cancer, including history and development, as well as innovative targeting strategies, clinical applications, and adverse events. We also discuss novel alternative bispecific antibody constructs, such as those targeting two antigens expressed by tumour cells or cells located in the tumour microenvironment. Finally, we consider future research directions in this rapidly evolving field, including innovative antibody engineering strategies, which might enable more effective delivery, overcome resistance, and thus optimize clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elisabeth Goebeler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumour Diseases, NCT WERA, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Gernot Stuhler
- National Center for Tumour Diseases, NCT WERA, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bargou
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases, NCT WERA, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Wang L, Jiang H, Yin X, Liang T, Li G, Ding C, Yang M, Zhang L, Liu J, Xu Y. PHE1-based IgG-like antibody platform provides a novel strategy for enhanced T-cell immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1415834. [PMID: 38933272 PMCID: PMC11201533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) can simultaneously target two epitopes of different antigenic targets, bringing possibilities for diversity in antibody drug design and are promising tools for the treatment of cancers and other diseases. T-cell engaging bsAb is an important application of the bispecific antibody, which could promote T cell-mediated tumor cell killing by targeting tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and CD3 at the same time. Methods This study comprised antibodies purification, Elisa assay for antigen binding, cytotoxicity assays, T cell activation by flow cytometry in vitro and xenogenic tumor model in vivo. Results We present a novel bsAb platform named PHE-Ig technique to promote cognate heavy chain (HC)-light chain (LC) pairing by replacing the CH1/CL regions of different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the natural A and B chains of PHE1 fragment of Integrin β2 based on the knob-in-hole (KIH) technology. We had also verified that PHE-Ig technology can be effectively used as a platform to synthesize different desired bsAbs for T-cell immunotherapy. Especially, BCMA×CD3 PHE-Ig bsAbs exhibited robust anti-multiple myeloma (MM) activity in vitro and in vivo. Discussion Moreover, PHE1 domain was further shortened with D14G and R41S mutations, named PHE-S, and the PHE-S-based BCMA×CD3 bsAbs also showed anti BCMA+ tumor effect in vitro and in vivo, bringing more possibilities for the development and optimization of different bsAbs. To sum up, PHE1-based IgG-like antibody platform for bsAb construction provides a novel strategy for enhanced T-cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuying Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoming Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mina Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Synvida Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Qin X, Ning W, Liu H, Liu X, Luo W, Xia N. Stepping forward: T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2361-2377. [PMID: 38828136 PMCID: PMC11143529 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies are specifically designed to bind to tumor-associated antigens, thereby engaging with CD3 on the T cell receptor. This linkage between tumor cells and T cells actively triggers T cell activation and initiates targeted killing of the identified tumor cells. These antibodies have emerged as one of the most promising avenues within tumor immunotherapy. However, despite success in treating hematological malignancies, significant advancements in solid tumors have yet to be explored. In this review, we aim to address the critical challenges associated with T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies and explore novel strategies to overcome these obstacles, with the ultimate goal of expanding the application of this therapy to include solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenjing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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4
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Jin WM, Zhu Y, Cai ZQ, He N, Yu ZQ, Li S, Yang JY. Progress of Clinical Studies Targeting Claudin18.2 for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2024:10.1007/s10620-024-08435-4. [PMID: 38769225 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Claudin18.2 is a tight junction protein, highly selective, generally expressed only in normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells, which can effectively maintain the polarity of epithelial and endothelial cells, thus effectively regulating the permeability and conductance of the paracellular pathway. Abnormal expression of Claudin18.2 can occur in various primary malignant tumors, especially gastrointestinal tumors, and even in metastatic foci. It regulates its expression by activating the aPKC/MAPK/AP-1 pathway, and therefore, the Claudin18.2 protein is a pan-cancer target expressed in primary and metastatic lesions in human cancer types. Zolbetuximab (IMAB362), an antibody specific for Claudin18.2, has been successfully tested in a phase III clinical trial, and the results of the study showed that combining Zolbetuximab with chemotherapy notably extends patients' survival and is expected to be a potential first-line treatment for patients with Claudin18.2(+)/HER-2(-) gastric cancer. Here, we systematically describe the biological properties and oncogenic effects of Claudin18.2, centering on its clinical-pathological aspects and the progress of drug studies in gastric cancer, which can help to further explore its clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Mei Jin
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na He
- Department of General, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiong Yu
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yuan Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Cech P, Skórka K, Dziki L, Giannopoulos K. T-Cell Engagers-The Structure and Functional Principle and Application in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1580. [PMID: 38672662 PMCID: PMC11048836 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy have made directing the cellular immune response onto cancer cells a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The introduction of monoclonal antibody-based (mAbs) targeted therapy has significantly improved the prognosis for hematological patients. Facing the issues of mAb-based therapies, a novel bispecific antibody (BsAb) format was developed. T-cell engagers (TCEs) are BsAbs, which simultaneously target tumor-associated antigens on tumor cells and CD3 molecules present on T-cells. This mechanism allows for the direct activation of T-cells and their anti-tumor features, ultimately resulting in the lysis of tumor cells. In 2014, the FDA approved blinatumomab, a TCE directed to CD3 and CD19 for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since then, numerous TCEs have been developed, allowing for treating different hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. As of November 2023, seven clinically approved TCE therapies are on the market. TCE-based therapies still have their limitations; however, improving the properties of TCEs, as well as combining TCE-based therapies with other forms of treatment, give hope to find the cures for currently terminal diseases. In this paper, we summarized the technical basis of the TCE technology, its application in hematology, and its current issues and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Skórka
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.C.); (L.D.); (K.G.)
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6
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Middelburg J, Sluijter M, Schaap G, Göynük B, Lloyd K, Ovcinnikovs V, Zom GG, Marijnissen RJ, Groeneveldt C, Griffioen L, Sandker GGW, Heskamp S, van der Burg SH, Arakelian T, Ossendorp F, Arens R, Schuurman J, Kemper K, van Hall T. T-cell stimulating vaccines empower CD3 bispecific antibody therapy in solid tumors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:48. [PMID: 38167722 PMCID: PMC10761684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CD3 bispecific antibody (CD3 bsAb) therapy is clinically approved for refractory hematological malignancies, but responses in solid tumors have been limited so far. One of the main hurdles in solid tumors is the lack of sufficient T-cell infiltrate. Here, we show that pre-treatment vaccination, even when composed of tumor-unrelated antigens, induces CXCR3-mediated T-cell influx in immunologically 'cold' tumor models in male mice. In the absence of CD3 bsAb, the infiltrate is confined to the tumor invasive margin, whereas subsequent CD3 bsAb administration induces infiltration of activated effector CD8 T cells into the tumor cell nests. This combination therapy installs a broadly inflamed Th1-type tumor microenvironment, resulting in effective tumor eradication. Multiple vaccination formulations, including synthetic long peptides and viruses, empower CD3 bsAb therapy. Our results imply that eliciting tumor infiltration with vaccine-induced tumor-(un)related T cells can greatly improve the efficacy of CD3 bsAbs in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Middelburg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gaby Schaap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Büşra Göynük
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Christianne Groeneveldt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Griffioen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin G W Sandker
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tsolere Arakelian
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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7
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McCue AC, Demarest SJ, Froning KJ, Hickey MJ, Antonysamy S, Kuhlman B. Engineering a tumor-selective prodrug T-cell engager bispecific antibody for safer immunotherapy. MAbs 2024; 16:2373325. [PMID: 38962811 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2373325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell engaging (TCE) bispecific antibodies are potent drugs that trigger the immune system to eliminate cancer cells, but administration can be accompanied by toxic side effects that limit dosing. TCEs function by binding to cell surface receptors on T cells, frequently CD3, with one arm of the bispecific antibody while the other arm binds to cell surface antigens on cancer cells. On-target, off-tumor toxicity can arise when the target antigen is also present on healthy cells. The toxicity of TCEs may be ameliorated through the use of pro-drug forms of the TCE, which are not fully functional until recruited to the tumor microenvironment. This can be accomplished by masking the anti-CD3 arm of the TCE with an autoinhibitory motif that is released by tumor-enriched proteases. Here, we solve the crystal structure of the antigen-binding fragment of a novel anti-CD3 antibody, E10, in complex with its epitope from CD3 and use this information to engineer a masked form of the antibody that can activate by the tumor-enriched protease matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). We demonstrate with binding experiments and in vitro T-cell activation and killing assays that our designed prodrug TCE is capable of tumor-selective T-cell activity that is dependent upon MMP-2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a similar masking strategy can be used to create a pro-drug form of the frequently used anti-CD3 antibody SP34. This study showcases an approach to developing immune-modulating therapeutics that prioritizes safety and has the potential to advance cancer immunotherapy treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia C McCue
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Karen J Froning
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Brian Kuhlman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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8
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Ingavat N, Wang X, Liew JM, Mahfut FB, But KP, Kok YJ, Bi X, Yang Y, Shintaro K, Tsoumpra M, Zhang W. Harnessing ceramic hydroxyapatite as an effective polishing strategy to remove product- and process-related impurities in bispecific antibody purification. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:93. [PMID: 38647984 PMCID: PMC10992335 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibody (bsAb), a novel therapeutic modality, provides excellent treatment efficacy, yet poses numerous challenges to downstream process development, which are mainly due to the intricate diversity of bsAb structures and impurity profiles. Ceramic hydroxyapatite (CHT), a mixed-mode medium, allows proteins to interact with its calcium sites (C-sites) through metal affinity and/or its phosphate sites (P-sites) through cation exchange interactions. This dual-binding capability potentially offers unique bind and elute behaviours for different proteins of interest, resulting in optimal product purity when suitable elution conditions are employed. In this study, the effectiveness of CHT as a polishing step for bsAb purification was investigated across three model molecules and benchmarked against the traditional cation exchange chromatography (CEX). For both asymmetric and symmetric IgG-like bsAb post Protein A eluates, at least 97% product purity was achieved after CHT polishing. CHT delivered a superior aggregate clearance to CEX, resulting in low high molecular weight (HMW) impurities (0.5%) and low process-related impurities in the product pools. Moreover, CHT significantly mitigated "chromatography-induced aggregation" whereas eightfold more HMW was generated by CEX. This study illustrated the developability of CHT in effectively eliminating low molecular weight (LMW) impurities through post-load-wash (PLW) optimization, resulting in an additional reduction of up to 48% in LMW impurities. A mechanistic explanation regarding the performance of impurity removal and mitigation of the chromatography-induced aggregation by CHT was proposed, illustrating unique CHT capability is potentially driven by C-site cooperation, of which effectiveness could depend on the bsAb composition and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattha Ingavat
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Liew
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farouq Bin Mahfut
- Cell Line Development Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ka Pui But
- Protein Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Jiun Kok
- Protein Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Protein Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Cell Line Development Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kobayashi Shintaro
- Chromatography Media Business Division, HOYA Technosurgical Corporation, Singapore Branch, Singapore
| | - Maria Tsoumpra
- Chromatography Media Business Division, HOYA Technosurgical Corporation, Singapore Branch, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Awuah D, Li L, Williams L, Urak R, Kujawski M, Forman SJ, Shively JE, Wang X. Ex-vivo CS1-OKT3 dual specific bivalent antibody-armed effector T cells mediate cellular immunity against multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20853. [PMID: 38012196 PMCID: PMC10682018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific T cell engaging antibodies (bsAbs) have emerged as novel and powerful therapeutic agents for redirecting T cells towards antigen-specific tumor killing. The cell surface glycoprotein and SLAM family member, CS1, exhibits stable and high-level expression on malignant plasma cells including multiple myeloma, which is indicative of an ideal target for bsAb therapy. Here, we developed a CS1 bsAb (CS1-dbBiTE) using Click chemistry to conjugate intact anti-CS1 antibody (Elotuzumab) and anti-huOKT3 antibody at their respective hinge regions. Using a cellular therapy approach, human T cells were armed ex-vivo with CS1-dbBiTE prior to examining effector activity. Our data indicates that arming T cells with CS1-dbBiTE induced T cell activation and expansion and subsequent cytotoxic activity against CS1-bearing MM tumors, demonstrated by significant CD107a expression as well as inflammatory cytokine secretion. As expected, CS1-dbBiTE armed T cells showed significantly reduced effector activity in the absence of CS1 expression. Similarly, in MM mouse xenograft studies, armed T cells exhibited effective anti-tumor efficacy highlighted by reduced tumor burden in MM.1S tumor-bearing mice compared to controls. On the basis of these findings, the rationale for CS1 targeting by human T cells armed with CS1-dbBiTE presents a potentially effective therapeutic approach for targeting MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Awuah
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lindsay Williams
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ryan Urak
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Maciej Kujawski
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - John E Shively
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Xiuli Wang
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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10
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Das G, Ptacek J, Havlinova B, Nedvedova J, Barinka C, Novakova Z. Targeting Prostate Cancer Using Bispecific T-Cell Engagers against Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1703-1714. [PMID: 37974624 PMCID: PMC10644396 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) tops the list of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is currently the most prominent PCa biomarker, as its expression levels are robustly enhanced in advanced stages of PCa. As such, PSMA targeting is highly efficient in PCa imaging as well as therapy. For the latter, PSMA-positive tumors can be targeted directly by using small molecules or macromolecules with cytotoxic payloads or indirectly by engaging the immune system of the host. Here we describe the engineering, expression, purification, and biological characterization of bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) that enable targeting PSMA-positive tumor cells by host T lymphocytes. To this end, we designed the 5D3-αCD3 BiTE as a fusion of single-chain fragments of PSMA-specific 5D3 and anti-CD3 antibodies. Detailed characterization of BiTE was performed by a combination of size-exclusion chromatography, differential scanning fluorimetry, and flow cytometry. Expressed in insect cells, BiTE was purified in monodisperse form and retained thermal stability of both functional parts and nanomolar affinity to respective antigens. 5D3-αCD3's efficiency and specificity were further evaluated in vitro using PCa-derived cell lines together with peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from human blood. Our data revealed that T-cells engaged via 5D3-αCD3 can efficiently eliminate tumor cells already at an 8 pM BiTE concentration in a highly specific manner. Overall, the data presented here demonstrate that the 5D3-αCD3 BiTE is a candidate molecule of high potential for further development of immunotherapeutic modalities for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Das
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252
50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
- Department
of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles
University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ptacek
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252
50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Barbora Havlinova
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252
50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Jana Nedvedova
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252
50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252
50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Zora Novakova
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252
50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
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11
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Zheng WW, Zhou H, Li P, Ye SG, Abudureheman T, Yang LT, Qing K, Liang AB, Chen KM, Duan CW. Anti-CD79b/CD3 bispecific antibody combined with CAR19-T cells for B-cell lymphoma treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3739-3753. [PMID: 37707586 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
CD19 CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor-T) cell immunotherapy achieves a remission rate of approximately 70% in recurrent and refractory lymphoma treatment. However, the loss or reduction of CD19 antigen on the surface of lymphoma cells results in the escape of tumor cells from the immune killing of CD19 CAR-T cells (CAR19-T). Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. In this study, an anti-CD79b/CD3 bispecific antibody (BV28-OKT3) was constructed and combined with CAR19-T cells for B-cell lymphoma treatment. When the CD19 antigen was lost or reduced, BV28-OKT3 redirected CAR19-T cells to CD79b+ CD19- lymphoma cells; therefore, BV28-OKT3 overcomes the escape of CD79b+ CD19- lymphoma cells by the killing action of CAR19-T cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, BV28-OKT3 triggered the antitumor function of CAR- T cells in the infusion product and boosted the antitumor immune response of bystander T cells, markedly improving the cytotoxicity of CAR19-T cells to lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, BV28-OKT3 elicited the cytotoxicity of donor-derived T cells toward lymphoma cells in vitro, which depended on the presence of tumor cells. Therefore, our findings provide a new clinical treatment strategy for recurrent and refractory B-cell lymphoma by combining CD79b/CD3 BsAb with CAR19-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shi-Guang Ye
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tuersunayi Abudureheman
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Bin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Kai-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Cai-Wen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
- Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, National Health Commission, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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12
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Zhao Y, Gan L, Ke D, Chen Q, Fu Y. Mechanisms and research advances in mRNA antibody drug-mediated passive immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:693. [PMID: 37794448 PMCID: PMC10552228 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody technology is widely used in the fields of biomedical and clinical therapies. Nonetheless, the complex in vitro expression of recombinant proteins, long production cycles, and harsh storage conditions have limited their applications in medicine, especially in clinical therapies. Recently, this dilemma has been overcome to a certain extent by the development of mRNA delivery systems, in which antibody-encoding mRNAs are enclosed in nanomaterials and delivered to the body. On entering the cytoplasm, the mRNAs immediately bind to ribosomes and undergo translation and post-translational modifications. This process produces monoclonal or bispecific antibodies that act directly on the patient. Additionally, it eliminates the cumbersome process of in vitro protein expression and extends the half-life of short-lived proteins, which significantly reduces the cost and duration of antibody production. This review focuses on the benefits and drawbacks of mRNA antibodies compared with the traditional in vitro expressed antibodies. In addition, it elucidates the progress of mRNA antibodies in the prevention of infectious diseases and oncology therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Linchuan Gan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Dangjin Ke
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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13
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Chen J, Zhu T, Jiang G, Zeng Q, Li Z, Huang X. Target delivery of a PD-1-TREM2 scFv by CAR-T cells enhances anti-tumor efficacy in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:131. [PMID: 37563723 PMCID: PMC10413520 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -T cell therapy is an efficient therapeutic strategy for specific hematologic malignancies. However, positive outcomes of this novel therapy in treating solid tumors are curtailed by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), wherein signaling of the checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 directly inhibits T-cell responses. Although checkpoint-targeted immunotherapy succeeds in increasing the number of T cells produced to control tumor growth, the desired effect is mitigated by the action of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME. Previous studies have confirmed that targeting triggering-receptor-expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) on TAMs and MDSCs enhances the outcomes of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. METHODS We constructed carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific CAR-T cells for colorectal cancer (CRC)-specific antigens with an autocrine PD-1-TREM2 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) to target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, MDSCs and TAMs. RESULTS We found that the PD-1-TREM2-targeting scFv inhibited the activation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. In addition, these secreted scFvs blocked the binding of ligands to TREM2 receptors present on MDSCs and TAMs, reduced the proportion of MDSCs and TAMs, and enhanced T-cell effector function, thereby mitigating immune resistance in the TME. PD-1-TREM2 scFv-secreting CAR-T cells resulted in highly effective elimination of tumors compared to that achieved with PD-1 scFv-secreting CAR-T therapy in a subcutaneous CRC mouse model. Moreover, the PD-1-TREM2 scFv secreted by CAR-T cells remained localized within tumors and exhibited an extended half-life. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results indicate that PD-1-TREM2 scFv-secreting CAR-T cells have strong potential as an effective therapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianchuan Zhu
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Foshan, 528000, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Chen YJ, Chen M, Cheng TL, Tsai YS, Wang CH, Chen CY, Wu TY, Tzou SC, Wang KH, Cheng JJ, Kao AP, Lin SY, Chuang KH. A non-genetic engineering platform for rapidly generating and expanding cancer-specific armed T cells. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:35. [PMID: 37259079 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-specific adoptive T cell therapy has achieved successful milestones in multiple clinical treatments. However, the commercial production of cancer-specific T cells is often hampered by laborious cell culture procedures, the concern of retrovirus-based gene transfection, or insufficient T cell purity. METHODS In this study, we developed a non-genetic engineering technology for rapidly manufacturing a large amount of cancer-specific T cells by utilizing a unique anti-cancer/anti-CD3 bispecific antibody (BsAb) to directly culture human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The anti-CD3 moiety of the BsAb bound to the T cell surface and stimulated the differentiation and proliferation of T cells in PBMCs. The anti-cancer moiety of the BsAb provided these BsAb-armed T cells with the cancer-targeting ability, which transformed the naïve T cells into cancer-specific BsAb-armed T cells. RESULTS With this technology, a large amount of cancer-specific BsAb-armed T cells can be rapidly generated with a purity of over 90% in 7 days. These BsAb-armed T cells efficiently accumulated at the tumor site both in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxins (perforin and granzyme) and cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) were dramatically released from the BsAb-armed T cells after engaging cancer cells, resulting in a remarkable anti-cancer efficacy. Notably, the BsAb-armed T cells did not cause obvious cytokine release syndrome or tissue toxicity in SCID mice bearing human tumors. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the BsAb-armed T cell technology represents a simple, time-saving, and highly safe method to generate highly pure cancer-specific effector T cells, thereby providing an affordable T cell immunotherapy to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yun Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Departmet of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hung Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- The Ph.D. Program of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Shen Y, Jin SJ, Chen YC, Liu WH, Li YM, Zhao WY, Xu YC, Chen SQ, Zhao WB. Improving the tumor selectivity of T cell engagers by logic-gated dual tumor-targeting. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106781. [PMID: 37119880 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeting single tumor antigens makes it difficult to provide sufficient tumor selectivity for T cell engagers (TCEs), leading to undesirable toxicity and even treatment failure, which is particularly serious in solid tumors. Here, we designed novel trispecific TCEs (TriTCEs) to improve the tumor selectivity of TCEs by logic-gated dual tumor-targeting. TriTCE can effectively redirect and activate T cells to kill tumor cells (~18 pM EC50) by inducing the aggregation of dual tumor antigens, which was ~70- or 750- fold more effective than the single tumor-targeted isotype controls, respectively. Further in vivo experiments indicated that TriTCE has the ability to accumulate in tumor tissue and can induce circulating T cells to infiltrate into tumor sites. Hence, TriTCE showed a stronger tumor growth inhibition ability and significantly prolonged the survival time of the mice. Finally, we revealed that this concept of logic-gated dual tumor-targeted TriTCE can be applied to target different tumor antigens. Cumulatively, we reported novel dual tumor-targeted TriTCEs that can mediate a robust T cell response by simultaneous recognition of dual tumor antigens at the same cell surface. TriTCEs allow better selective T cell activity on tumor cells, resulting in safer TCE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shi-Jie Jin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Chang Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen-Hui Liu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Biosun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen-Yi Zhao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shu-Qing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wen-Bin Zhao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
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16
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Espinosa-Cotton M, Guo HF, Tickoo SK, Cheung NKV. Identification of immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy targets on desmoplastic small round cell tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1104693. [PMID: 37091153 PMCID: PMC10119788 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1104693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Development of successful antibody-based immunotherapeutic and radioimmunotherapeutic strategies rely on the identification of cell surface tumor-associated antigens (TAA) with restricted expression on normal tissues. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and generally neglected malignancy that primarily affects adolescent and young adult males. New therapies capable of treating disseminated disease are needed for DSRCT, which is often widespread at diagnosis. Methods We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) on fresh frozen surgical specimens and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors and flow cytometry on DSRCT cell lines to evaluate expression of TAAs in these tumors. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were used to evaluate the efficacy of T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) directed at these targets. In vivo, we used an intraperitoneal xenograft mouse model of DSRCT to test T-BsAbs against several TAAs. Results In DSRCT specimens we found widespread expression of B7-H3, EGFR, GD2, HER2, mesothelin, and polysialic acid, clinical targets for which specific antibody therapeutics are available. The expression of B7-H3, EGFR, HER2, and mesothelin was confirmed on the cell surface of DSRCT cell lines. In vitro cytotoxicity assays confirmed the efficacy of T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) directed at these targets against DSRCT cells. Remarkably, a HER2xCD3 T-BsAb was capable of completely shrinking established tumors in an intraperitoneal mouse model of DSRCT. Conclusions We propose that these TAAs should be further investigated in preclinical models as targets for immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy with the hope of providing a rationale to extend these therapies to patients with advanced DSRCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Espinosa-Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hong-Fen Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Satish K. Tickoo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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17
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The First-In-Class Anti-AXL×CD3ε Pronectin™-Based Bispecific T-Cell Engager Is Active in Preclinical Models of Human Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061647. [PMID: 36980534 PMCID: PMC10046451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are heterogeneous malignancies with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. We developed an innovative immunotherapeutic agent, a first-in-class Pronectin™-based Bispecific T-Cell Engager (pAXL×CD3ε), for the targeting of AXL, a TAM family tyrosine kinase receptor highly expressed in sarcomas. AXL expression was first analyzed by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and Western blot on a panel of sarcoma cell lines. The T-cell-mediated pAXL×CD3ε cytotoxicity against sarcoma cells was investigated by flow cytometry, luminescence assay, and fluorescent microscopy imaging. The activation and degranulation of T cells induced by pAXL×CD3ε were evaluated by flow cytometry. The antitumor activity induced by pAXL×CD3ε in combination with trabectedin was also investigated. In vivo activity studies of pAXL×CD3ε were performed in immunocompromised mice (NSG), engrafted with human sarcoma cells and reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors. Most sarcoma cells showed high expression of AXL. pAXL×CD3ε triggered T-lymphocyte activation and induced dose-dependent T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The combination of pAXL×CD3ε with trabectedin increased cytotoxicity. pAXL×CD3ε inhibited the in vivo growth of human sarcoma xenografts, increasing the survival of treated mice. Our data demonstrate the antitumor efficacy of pAXL×CD3ε against sarcoma cells, providing a translational framework for the clinical development of pAXL×CD3ε in the treatment of human sarcomas, aggressive and still-incurable malignancies.
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18
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Hong Y, Nam SM, Moon A. Antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies targeting cancers: applications of click chemistry. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:131-148. [PMID: 36877356 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering approaches using antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are designed to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapies and therapeutic antibodies such as drug resistance and non-specific toxicity. Cancer immunotherapies have been shown to be clinically successful with checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy; however, overactive immune systems still represent a major problem. Given the complexity of a tumor environment, it would be advantageous to have a strategy targeting two or more molecules. We highlight the necessity and importance of a multi-target platform strategy against cancer. Approximately 400 ADCs and over 200 bsAbs are currently being clinically developed for several indications, with promising signs of therapeutic activity. ADCs include antibodies that recognize tumor antigens, linkers that stably connect drugs, and powerful cytotoxic drugs, also known as payloads. ADCs have direct therapeutic effects by targeting cancers with a strong payload. Another type of drug that uses antibodies are bsAbs, targeting two antigens by linking to antigen recognition sites or bridging cytotoxic immune cells to tumor cells, resulting in cancer immunotherapy. Three bsAbs and one ADC have been approved for use by the FDA and the EMA in 2022. Among these, two of the bsAbs and the one ADC are used for cancers. We introduced that bsADC, a combination of ADC and bsAbs, has yet to be approved and several candidates are in the early stages of clinical development in this review. bsADCs technology helps increase the specificity of ADCs or the internalization and killing ability of bsAbs. We also briefly discuss the application of click chemistry in the efficient development of ADCs and bsAbs as a conjugation strategy. The present review summarizes the ADCs, bsAbs, and bsADCs that have been approved for anti-cancer or currently in development. These strategies selectively deliver drugs to malignant tumor cells and can be used as therapeutic approaches for various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Su-Min Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea.
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19
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Sandeep, Shinde SH, Pande AH. Polyspecificity - An emerging trend in the development of clinical antibodies. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:175-183. [PMID: 36827806 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The essence of the growth and development of therapeutic conventional monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for the treatment of various disorders is the aptitude of MAbs to precisely bind a target antigen and neutralise or promote its activity. However, the conventional antibodies are monoclonal i.e., both paratopes bind to the same epitope. But most of the pathophysiological conditions are multifaceted, hence targeting/blocking/inhibition of more than one epitope/antigen is more promising than one epitope/antigen. Polyspecific antibodies (PsAbs) have the potential to concurrently bind to more than one target and are the next-generation antibodies that augment efficacy in both clinical and non-clinical contexts. Thus, the trend of engineering and developing various formats of PsAbs is emerging. In this review, we have briefly discussed the importance of antibody polyspecificity and PsAbs approved for clinical use. Subsequently, we have discussed the role of TNF-α and IL-23 in inflammatory diseases and stressed the need for developing anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-23 bispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Suraj H Shinde
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
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20
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Zwolak A, Chan SR, Harvilla P, Mahady S, Armstrong AA, Luistro L, Tamot N, Yamada D, Derebe M, Pomerantz S, Chiu M, Ganesan R, Chowdhury P. A stable, engineered TL1A ligand co-stimulates T cells via specific binding to DR3. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20538. [PMID: 36446890 PMCID: PMC9709071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TL1A (TNFSF15) is a TNF superfamily ligand which can bind the TNFRSF member death receptor 3 (DR3) on T cells and the soluble decoy receptor DcR3. Engagement of DR3 on CD4+ or CD8+ effector T cells by TL1A induces downstream signaling, leading to proliferation and an increase in secretion of inflammatory cytokines. We designed a stable recombinant TL1A molecule that (1) displays high monodispersity and stability, (2) displays the ability to activate T cells in vitro and in vivo, and (3) lacks binding to DcR3 while retaining functional activity via DR3. Together these results suggest the TL1A ligand can be amenable to therapeutic development on its own or paired with a tumor-targeting moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Zwolak
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Biologics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Szeman Ruby Chan
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Oncology Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Paul Harvilla
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Biologics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Sally Mahady
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Oncology Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Anthony A. Armstrong
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Biologics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Leopoldo Luistro
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Oncology Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Ninkka Tamot
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Biologics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Douglas Yamada
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Oncology Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Mehabaw Derebe
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Discovery Biologics, Protein Sciences, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Steven Pomerantz
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Biologics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Mark Chiu
- Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Spring House, PA USA
| | - Rajkumar Ganesan
- grid.417886.40000 0001 0657 5612Immunotherapeutics, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Partha Chowdhury
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Cell Engineering and Early Development, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA USA
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21
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Boustany LM, LaPorte SL, Wong L, White C, Vinod V, Shen J, Yu W, Koditek D, Winter MB, Moore SJ, Mei L, Diep L, Huang Y, Liu S, Vasiljeva O, West J, Richardson J, Irving B, Belvin M, Kavanaugh WM. A Probody T Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibody Targeting EGFR and CD3 Inhibits Colon Cancer Growth with Limited Toxicity. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4288-4298. [PMID: 36112781 PMCID: PMC9664135 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (TCB) are highly potent therapeutics that can recruit and activate cytotoxic T cells to stimulate an antitumor immune response. However, the development of TCBs against solid tumors has been limited by significant on-target toxicity to normal tissues. Probody therapeutics have been developed as a novel class of recombinant, protease-activated antibody prodrugs that are "masked" to reduce antigen binding in healthy tissues but can become conditionally unmasked by proteases that are preferentially active in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we describe the preclinical efficacy and safety of CI107, a Probody TCB targeting EGFR and CD3. In vitro, the protease-activated, unmasked CI107 effectively bound EGFR and CD3 expressed on the surface of cells and induced T-cell activation, cytokine release, and cytotoxicity toward tumor cells. In contrast, dually masked CI107 displayed a >500-fold reduction in antigen binding and >15,000-fold reduction in cytotoxic activity. In vivo, CI107 potently induced dose-dependent tumor regression of established colon cancer xenografts in mice engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, the MTD of CI107 in cynomolgus monkeys was more than 60-fold higher than that of the unmasked TCB, and much lower levels of toxicity were observed in animals receiving CI107. Therefore, by localizing activity to the TME and thus limiting toxicity to normal tissues, this Probody TCB demonstrates the potential to expand clinical opportunities for TCBs as effective anticancer therapies for solid tumor indications. SIGNIFICANCE A conditionally active EGFR-CD3 T cell-engaging Probody therapeutic expands the safety window of bispecific antibodies while maintaining efficacy in preclinical solid tumor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurie Wong
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Clayton White
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Veena Vinod
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Joel Shen
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Wendy Yu
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - David Koditek
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Li Mei
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Linnea Diep
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Shouchun Liu
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Olga Vasiljeva
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jim West
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Bryan Irving
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Marcia Belvin
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California.,Corresponding Author: Marcia Belvin, CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080. Phone: 650-892-9803, E-mail:
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22
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Kang J, Sun T, Zhang Y. Immunotherapeutic progress and application of bispecific antibody in cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020003. [PMID: 36341333 PMCID: PMC9630604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are artificial antibodies with two distinct antigen-binding sites that can bind to different antigens or different epitopes on the same antigen. Based on a variety of technology platforms currently developed, bsAbs can exhibit different formats and mechanisms of action. The upgrading of antibody technology has promoted the development of bsAbs, which has been effectively used in the treatment of tumors. So far, 7 bsAbs have been approved for marketing in the world, and more than 200 bsAbs are in clinical and preclinical research stages. Here, we summarize the development process of bsAbs, application in tumor treatment and look forward to the challenges in future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Kang
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tonglin Sun
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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23
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Passariello M, Yoshioka A, Takahashi K, Hashimoto SI, Inoue T, Nakamura K, De Lorenzo C. Novel tri-specific tribodies induce strong T cell activation and anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:269. [PMID: 36071464 PMCID: PMC9450414 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy based on Bi-specific T Cell Engagers (TCE) represents one of the most attractive strategy to treat cancers resistant to conventional therapies. TCE are antibody-like proteins that simultaneously bind with one arm to a Tumor Associated Antigen (TAA) on cancer cells and with the other one to CD3 complex on a T-cell to form a TCR-independent immune synapse and circumvent Human Leucocyte Antigen restriction. Among them, the tribodies, such as Tb535H, a bi-specific molecule, made up of a Fab and a scFv domain both targeting 5T4 and another scFv targeting CD3, have demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical studies. Methods Here, we generated five novel tri-specific and multi-functional tribodies, called 53X tribodies, composed of a 5T4 binding Fab arm and a CD3 binding scFv, but differently from the parental Tb535H, they contain an additional scFv derived from an antibody specific for an immune checkpoint, such as PD-1, PD-L1 or LAG-3. Results Compared with the parental Tb535H bi-specific T cell engager targeting 5T4, the novel 53X tribodies retained similar binding properties of Tb535H tribody, but showed enhanced anti-tumor potency due to the incorporation of the checkpoint inhibitory moiety. In particular, one of them, called 53L10, a tri-specific T cell engager targeting 5T4, CD3 and PD-L1, showed the most promising anti-tumor efficacy in vitro and led to complete tumor regression in vivo. Conclusions The novel tribodies have the potential to become strong and safe therapeutic drugs, allowing to reduce also the cost of production as one single molecule contains three different specificities including the anti-TAA, anti-CD3 and anti-IC binding arms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02474-3.
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24
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Xu G, Qian N, Liu Y, Li H, Yang C, Wang J, Wang F, Chen L, Bai G, Xu Q, Pan X, Gao X. Preclinical characterization of a Fab-like CD3/CLDN18.2 XFab® bispecific antibody against solid tumors. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Targeting EGFR in melanoma - The sea of possibilities to overcome drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188754. [PMID: 35772580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is considered one of the most aggressive skin cancers. It spreads and metastasizes quickly and is intrinsically resistant to most conventional chemotherapeutics, thereby presenting a challenge to researchers and clinicians searching for effective therapeutic strategies to treat patients with melanoma. The use of inhibitors of mutated serine/threonine-protein kinase B-RAF (BRAF), e.g., vemurafenib and dabrafenib, has revolutionized melanoma chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the response to these drugs lasts a limited time due to the development of acquired resistance. One of the proteins responsible for this process is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this review, we summarize the role of EGFR signaling in the multidrug resistance of melanomas and discuss possible applications of EGFR inhibitors to overcome the development of drug resistance in melanoma cells during therapy.
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26
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Ordóñez-Reyes C, Garcia-Robledo JE, Chamorro DF, Mosquera A, Sussmann L, Ruiz-Patiño A, Arrieta O, Zatarain-Barrón L, Rojas L, Russo A, de Miguel-Perez D, Rolfo C, Cardona AF. Bispecific Antibodies in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Novel Response to an Old Question. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061243. [PMID: 35745815 PMCID: PMC9229626 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has redefined the treatment of cancer patients and it is constantly generating new advances and approaches. Among the multiple options of immunotherapy, bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) represent a novel thoughtful approach. These drugs integrate the action of the immune system in a strategy to redirect the activation of innate and adaptive immunity toward specific antigens and specific tumor locations. Here we discussed some basic aspects of the design and function of bsAbs, their main challenges and the state-of-the-art of these molecules in the treatment of hematological and solid malignancies and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ordóñez-Reyes
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research—FICMAC, Bogotá 110111, Colombia; (C.O.-R.); (J.E.G.-R.); (D.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.R.-P.); (L.R.)
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Juan Esteban Garcia-Robledo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research—FICMAC, Bogotá 110111, Colombia; (C.O.-R.); (J.E.G.-R.); (D.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.R.-P.); (L.R.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Diego F. Chamorro
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research—FICMAC, Bogotá 110111, Colombia; (C.O.-R.); (J.E.G.-R.); (D.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.R.-P.); (L.R.)
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Andrés Mosquera
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research—FICMAC, Bogotá 110111, Colombia; (C.O.-R.); (J.E.G.-R.); (D.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.R.-P.); (L.R.)
| | - Liliana Sussmann
- Department of Neurology, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Patiño
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research—FICMAC, Bogotá 110111, Colombia; (C.O.-R.); (J.E.G.-R.); (D.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.R.-P.); (L.R.)
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.A.); (L.Z.-B.)
| | - Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.A.); (L.Z.-B.)
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research—FICMAC, Bogotá 110111, Colombia; (C.O.-R.); (J.E.G.-R.); (D.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.R.-P.); (L.R.)
| | | | - Diego de Miguel-Perez
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (D.d.M.-P.); (C.R.)
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (D.d.M.-P.); (C.R.)
| | - Andrés F. Cardona
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research—FICMAC, Bogotá 110111, Colombia; (C.O.-R.); (J.E.G.-R.); (D.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.R.-P.); (L.R.)
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
- Direction of Research, Science and Education, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC), Bogotá 110131, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-(1)-6190052; Fax: +57-(1)-6190053
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Deng H, Niu Z, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang G, Wang Y, Yang J. Back on the scene: advances and challenges in CD3-related drugs in tumor therapy. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2199-2208. [PMID: 35489674 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD3 molecules are mainly distributed on the membrane of mature T cells. They are involved in T cell antigen recognition, signal transduction, and regulation of T cell development. CD3-related monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are mainly used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Nearly half of all bispecific antibodies developed are used in tumor therapy, one of which is CD3 antigen. In this review, we discuss the importance of biological function and the crucial role of CD3 in tumor therapy. We highlight the research status of antibodies and small molecules targeting CD3 to provide guidance for future drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; These authors contributed equally
| | - Zhendong Niu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; These authors contributed equally
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; These authors contributed equally
| | - Jixuan Zhang
- Office of Supervision, Sichuan Development Holding Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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28
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Arvedson T, Bailis JM, Britten CD, Klinger M, Nagorsen D, Coxon A, Egen JG, Martin F. Targeting Solid Tumors with Bispecific T Cell Engager Immune Therapy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070620-104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
T cell engagers (TCEs) are targeted immunotherapies that have emerged as a promising treatment to redirect effector T cells for tumor cell killing. The strong therapeutic value of TCEs, established by the approval of blinatumomab for the treatment of B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, has expanded to include other hematologic malignancies, as well as some solid tumors. Successful clinical development of TCEs in solid tumors has proven challenging, as it requires additional considerations such as the selectivity of target expression, tumor accessibility, and the impact of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we provide a brief history of blinatumomab, summarize learnings from TCEs in hematologic malignancies, and highlight results from recent TCE trials in solid tumors. Additionally, we examine approaches to improve the efficacy and safety of TCEs in solid tumors, including therapeutic combinations to increase the depth and durability of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Arvedson
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julie M. Bailis
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Dirk Nagorsen
- Amgen Global Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Angela Coxon
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Jackson G. Egen
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Flavius Martin
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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29
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Huo J, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Tay XN, Mahfut FB, Zhang W, Lam KP, Yang Y, Xu S. Development of a T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody targeting B-cell maturation antigen for the suppression of multiple myeloma cell growth. Antib Ther 2022; 5:138-149. [PMID: 35774245 PMCID: PMC9237814 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. It has emerged as one of the next possible hematological diseases amenable to immunotherapy. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is highly expressed in MM cells and is one target with the most potential for developing MM-targeting immunotherapy. Other than the FDA-approved BCMA-targeting CAR T-cell therapy, such as Abecma and CARVYKTI, T cell-engaging multi-specific antibody is another promising therapeutic modality for BCMA-targeting MM treatment. We develop a T-cell redirecting BCMA-targeting bispecific antibody (bsAb) and evaluate its anti-MM activity. Methods We first generated several clones of mouse anti-human BCMA monoclonal antibodies using DNA immunization. One of the anti-BCMA antibodies was then used to design and produce a T cell-redirecting BCMA × CD3 bsAb in CHO cells. Finally, we examined the effect of the bsAb on MM cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Results The BCMA × CD3 bsAb was designed in a FabscFv format and produced in CHO cells with good yield and purity. Moreover, the bsAb can trigger robust T cell proliferation and activation and induce efficient T cell-mediated MM cell killing in vitro. Using a MM xenograft mouse model, we demonstrate that the bsAb can effectively suppress MM cell growth in vivo. Conclusions Our results suggest that the BCMA × CD3 bsAb in the FabscFv format can efficiently inhibit MM cell growth and have promising potential to be developed into a therapeutic antibody drug for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Huo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ziying Zheng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros Building, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Xin Ni Tay
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros Building, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Farouq Bin Mahfut
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros Building, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros Building, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros Building, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Shengli Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore
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30
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Borrok MJ, Li Y, Harvilla PB, Vellalore Maruthachalam B, Tamot N, Prokopowitz C, Chen J, Venkataramani S, Grewal IS, Ganesan R, Singh S. Conduit CAR: Redirecting CAR T-Cell Specificity with A Universal and Adaptable Bispecific Antibody Platform. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:146-157. [PMID: 36874404 PMCID: PMC9980914 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy against hematologic malignancies has altered the treatment paradigm for patients with these diseases. Nevertheless, the occurrence of relapse due to antigen escape or heterogeneous antigen expression on tumors remains a challenge for first-generation CAR T-cell therapies as only a single tumor antigen can be targeted. To address this limitation and to add a further level of tunability and control to CAR T-cell therapies, adapter or universal CAR T-cell approaches use a soluble mediator to bridge CAR T cells with tumor cells. Adapter CARs allow simultaneous or sequential targeting of multiple tumor antigens, control of immune synapse geometry, dose control, and the potential for improved safety. Herein, we described a novel CAR T-cell adapter platform that relies on a bispecific antibody (BsAb) targeting both a tumor antigen and the GGGGS (G4S) linker commonly used in single-chain Fv (ScFv) domains expressed on CAR T-cell surfaces. We demonstrated that the BsAb can bridge CAR T cells to tumor cells and potentiate CAR T-cell activation, proliferation, and tumor cell cytolysis. The cytolytic activity of CAR T-cells was redirected to different tumor antigens by changing the BsAb in a dose-dependent manner. This study highlights the potential of G4S-displaying CAR T cells to be redirected to engage alternative tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Significance New approaches are needed to address relapsed/refractory disease and manage potential toxicities associated with CAR T-cell therapy. We describe an adapter CAR approach to redirect CAR T cells to engage novel TAA-expressing cells via a BsAb targeting a linker present on many clinical CAR T-cell therapeutics. We anticipate the use of such adapters could increase CAR T-cell efficacy and reduce potential CAR-associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jack Borrok
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Spring House, Pennsylvania.,M. Jack Borrok and Yonghai Li contributed equally to this article
| | - Yonghai Li
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Spring House, Pennsylvania.,M. Jack Borrok and Yonghai Li contributed equally to this article
| | | | | | - Ninkka Tamot
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jun Chen
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Spring House, Pennsylvania
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Leclercq G, Servera LA, Danilin S, Challier J, Steinhoff N, Bossen C, Odermatt A, Nicolini V, Umaña P, Klein C, Bacac M, Giusti AM, Schneider A, Haegel H. Dissecting the mechanism of cytokine release induced by T-cell engagers highlights the contribution of neutrophils. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2039432. [PMID: 35186442 PMCID: PMC8855852 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2039432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell engagers represent a novel promising class of cancer-immunotherapies redirecting T cells to tumor cells and have some promising outcomes in the clinic. These molecules can be associated with a mode-of-action related risk of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in patients. CRS is characterized by the rapid release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β and immune cell activation eliciting clinical symptoms of fever, hypoxia and hypotension. In this work, we investigated the biological mechanisms triggering and amplifying cytokine release after treatment with T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) employing an in vitro co-culture assay of human PBMCs or total leukocytes (PBMCs + neutrophils) and corresponding target antigen-expressing cells with four different TCBs. We identified T cells as the triggers of the TCB-mediated cytokine cascade and monocytes and neutrophils as downstream amplifier cells. Furthermore, we assessed the chronology of events by neutralization of T-cell derived cytokines. For the first time, we demonstrate the contribution of neutrophils to TCB-mediated cytokine release and confirm these findings by single-cell RNA sequencing of human whole blood incubated with a B-cell depleting TCB. This work could contribute to the construction of mechanistic models of cytokine release and definition of more specific molecular and cellular biomarkers of CRS in the context of treatment with T-cell engagers. In addition, it provides insight for the elaboration of prophylactic mitigation strategies that can reduce the occurrence of CRS and increase the therapeutic index of TCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Leclercq
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Llucia Alberti Servera
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Danilin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Challier
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Steinhoff
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Bossen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Nicolini
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Maria Giusti
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anneliese Schneider
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Haegel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Leclercq G, Haegel H, Toso A, Zimmermann T, Green L, Steinhoff N, Sam J, Pulko V, Schneider A, Giusti AM, Challier J, Freimoser-Grundschober A, Larivière L, Odermatt A, Stern M, Umana P, Bacac M, Klein C. JAK and mTOR inhibitors prevent cytokine release while retaining T cell bispecific antibody in vivo efficacy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003766. [PMID: 35064010 PMCID: PMC8785208 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell engaging therapies, like chimeric antigen receptor T cells and T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs), efficiently redirect T cells towards tumor cells, facilitating the formation of a cytotoxic synapse and resulting in subsequent tumor cell killing, a process that is accompanied by the release of cytokines. Despite their promising efficacy in the clinic, treatment with TCBs is associated with a risk of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The aim of this study was to identify small molecules able to mitigate cytokine release while retaining T cell-mediated tumor killing. Methods By screening a library of 52 Food and Drug Administration approved kinase inhibitors for their impact on T cell proliferation and cytokine release after CD3 stimulation, we identified mTOR, JAK and Src kinases inhibitors as potential candidates to modulate TCB-mediated cytokine release at pharmacologically active doses. Using an in vitro model of target cell killing by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we assessed the effects of mTOR, JAK and Src kinase inhibitors combined with 2+1 T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) including CEA-TCB and CD19-TCB on T cell activation, proliferation and target cell killing measured by flow cytometry and cytokine release measured by Luminex. The combination of mTOR, JAK and Src kinase inhibitors together with CD19-TCB was evaluated in vivo in non-tumor bearing stem cell humanized NSG mice in terms of B cell depletion and in a lymphoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in humanized NSG mice in terms of antitumor efficacy. Results The effect of Src inhibitors differed from those of mTOR and JAK inhibitors with the suppression of CD19-TCB-induced tumor cell lysis in vitro, whereas mTOR and JAK inhibitors primarily affected TCB-mediated cytokine release. Importantly, we confirmed in vivo that Src, JAK and mTOR inhibitors strongly reduced CD19-TCB-induced cytokine release. In humanized NSG mice, continuous treatment with a Src inhibitor prevented CD19-TCB-mediated B cell depletion in contrast to mTOR and JAK inhibitors, which retained CD19-TCB efficacy. Ultimately, transient treatment with Src, mTOR and JAK inhibitors minimally interfered with antitumor efficacy in a lymphoma PDX model. Conclusions Taken together, these data support further evaluation of the use of Src, JAK and mTOR inhibitors as prophylactic treatment to prevent occurrence of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Leclercq
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division Molecular and Systems Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Haegel
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Toso
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tina Zimmermann
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luke Green
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Steinhoff
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sam
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Vesna Pulko
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anneliese Schneider
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - John Challier
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurent Larivière
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division Molecular and Systems Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stern
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Wu Y, Yi M, Zhu S, Wang H, Wu K. Recent advances and challenges of bispecific antibodies in solid tumors. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:56. [PMID: 34922633 PMCID: PMC8684149 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made remarkable progress in the past decade. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have acquired much attention as the next generation strategy of antibody-target cancer immunotherapy, which overwhelmingly focus on T cell recruitment and dual receptors blockade. So far, BsAb drugs have been proved clinically effective and approved for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but no BsAb have been approved in solid tumors. Numerous designed BsAb drugs for solid tumors are now undergoing evaluation in clinical trials. In this review, we will introduce the formats of bispecific antibodies, and then update the latest preclinical studies and clinical trials in solid tumors of BsAbs targeting EpCAM, CEA, PMSA, ErbB family, and so on. Finally, we discuss the BsAb-related adverse effects and the alternative strategy for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Beijing Anjianxi Medicinal Technology Co., Ltd., No.2 Cuiwei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100036, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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34
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Cai W, Dong J, Gallolu Kankanamalage S, Titong A, Shi J, Jia Z, Wang B, Huang C, Zhang J, Lin J, Kan SZ, Han S, Zhou J, Liu Y. Biological activity validation of a computationally designed Rituximab/CD3 T cell engager targeting CD20+ cancers with multiple mechanisms of action. Antib Ther 2021; 4:228-241. [PMID: 34805746 PMCID: PMC8597964 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bispecific T cell engaging antibodies (TEAs) with one arm targeting a cancer antigen and another arm binding to CD3 have demonstrated impressive efficacy in multiple clinical studies. However, establishing a safety/efficacy balance remains challenging. For instance, some TEAs have severe safety issues. Additionally, not all patients or all cancer cells of one patient respond equally to TEAs. Methods Here, we developed a next-generation bispecific TEA with better safety/efficacy balance and expanded mechanisms of action. Using the computer-aided antibody design strategy, we replaced heavy chain complementarity-determining regions (HCDRs) in one Rituximab arm with HCDRs from a CD3 antibody and generated a novel CD20/CD3 bispecific antibody. Results After series of computer-aided sequence optimization, the lead molecule, GB261, showed great safety/efficacy balance both in vitro and in animal studies. GB261 exhibited high affinity to CD20 and ultra-low affinity to CD3. It showed comparable T cell activation and reduced cytokine secretion compared with a benchmark antibody (BM). ADCC and CDC caused by GB261 only killed CD20+ cells but not CD3+ cells. It exhibited better RRCL cell killing than the BM in a PBMC-engrafted, therapeutic treatment mouse model and good safety in cynomolgus monkeys. Conclusions Thus, GB261 is a promising novel TEA against CD20+ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Wang
- Ab Studio Inc., Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Cai Huang
- Ab Therapeutics Inc., Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Genor Biopharma Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201203, P.R.C
| | - Jun Lin
- Genor Biopharma Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201203, P.R.C
| | - Steven Z Kan
- Genor Biopharma Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201203, P.R.C
| | - Shuhua Han
- Genor Biopharma Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201203, P.R.C
| | - Joe Zhou
- Genor Biopharma Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201203, P.R.C
| | - Yue Liu
- Ab Studio Inc., Hayward, CA 94545, USA.,Ab Therapeutics Inc., Hayward, CA 94545, USA
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35
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Fukaya-Shiba A, Otsuka K, Sasaki H, Shikano M, Wakao R. Identification of Novel Modalities Through Bibliometric Analysis for Timely Development of Regulatory Guidance: A Case Study of T Cell Immunity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:756870. [PMID: 34708061 PMCID: PMC8544749 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.756870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mission of medicines regulatory agencies is to ensure the timely access of innovative products for patients to improve public health. Thus, regulators should foresee evolving technologies and build expertise prior to reviewing innovative products. Novel modalities and new classes of therapeutics in biological or cell-based products represent a regulatory challenge because of knowledge gaps, as exemplified by the unexpected cytokine release syndrome in the first-in-human clinical trial of the CD28 super-agonist. Meanwhile, recent treatments harnessing T cell co-signaling pathways provide an opportunity for investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically identify and evaluate novel modalities for T cell immunity to assess the need for regulatory guidance. Methods: A PubMed search was carried out using the query, "immun* AND t lymph*" to select publications. Subsequently, a citation network was created, followed by clustering and text mining to identify the modalities and classes of therapeutics under development. Results and Discussion: Analysis of the top 20 clusters revealed research domains characterized by keywords such as immune checkpoint antibody, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, microbiota, exosome, regulatory T cells, unconventional T cells, and vaccines. After reviewing the pharmacological concepts, clinical trial information, and available guidance, we presented a perspective on the future development of guidance for these domains. Conclusion: Bibliometric analyses identified a set of innovative modalities targeted for drug development with which regulatory guidance is going to catch up. This strategy could help in the successful development of upcoming modalities to ensure readiness for clinical application as part of horizon scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Fukaya-Shiba
- Center for Regulatory Science, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Otsuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shikano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Wakao
- Center for Regulatory Science, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Effective killing of cells expressing CD276 (B7-H3) by a bispecific T cell engager based on a new fully human antibody. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101232. [PMID: 34601396 PMCID: PMC8493583 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new fully human antibody, B11, that specifically targets CD276 was identified. The epitope of B11 is the V1/V2 domain of CD276 and it competes with the antibody 8H9 (Omburtamab). B11-BiTE mediates strong T cell cytotoxicity to 14 different tumor cell lines.
The pancaner molecule CD276 (B7-H3) is an attractive target for antibody based therapy. We identified from a large (1011) phage-displayed single-chain variable fragment (scFv) library, a fully human antibody, B11, which bound with high avidity (KD=0.4 nM) to CD276. B11 specifically bound to the V1/V2 domain of CD276 and competed with the antibody 8H9 (Omburtamab). It was used to design an IgG-format bispecific T cell engager B11-BiTE, which was more effective than 8H9-BiTE in 14 different cancer cell lines. B11-BiTE also exhibited strong ADCC/ADCP. Therefore, the fully human B11-BiTE is a promising candidate for treatment of tumors expressing CD276.
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37
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Lin TY, Park JA, Long A, Guo HF, Cheung NKV. Novel potent anti-STEAP1 bispecific antibody to redirect T cells for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003114. [PMID: 34497115 PMCID: PMC8438958 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for metastatic Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (EFT) is still poor despite high-dose chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Immunotherapies hold promise, but cancer antigen-targeting immunotherapies have largely failed to induce effective T cell receptor-mediated antitumor response. However, T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) have yet to be adequately explored. METHODS Rehumanized STEAP1-IgG was used to build T-BsAb (named BC261) using the 2+2 IgG-[L]-scFv platform carrying the anti-CD3 huOKT3 scFv as the second specificity. Its binding epitope mapping, species cross-reactivity, tumor cell line staining, and in vitro cytotoxicity were investigated thoroughly. Its potency in driving tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was quantified using bioluminescence, correlated with in vivo antitumor response against cell line-derived or patient-derived xenografts (CDXs or PDXs) and compared with anti-STEAP1 T-BsAbs built on representative antibody platforms. RESULTS BC261 binding epitope was mapped to its second extracellular domain of STEAP1 shared among canine and primate orthologs. BC261 induced potent cytotoxicity against panels of EFT, prostate cancer, and canine osteosarcoma cell lines despite their low antigen density. BC261 drove significantly more TILs into tumors (30-fold) and exerted superior antitumor effects compared with the other standard BsAb platforms. The antitumor efficacy of BC261 was consistent against EFT and prostate cancer CDXs and PDXs. CONCLUSIONS BC261 was highly efficient in driving T cell infiltration and tumor ablation. Either as stand-alone therapeutics or for ex vivo armed T cells, this novel anti-STEAP1 T-BsAb BC261 has therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yi Lin
- Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeong A Park
- Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alan Long
- Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hong-Fen Guo
- Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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38
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Liang J, Zhang H, Huang Y, Fan L, Li F, Li M, Yan Y, Zhang J, Li Z, Yang X. A CLDN18.2-Targeting Bispecific T Cell Co-Stimulatory Activator for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6977-6987. [PMID: 34522140 PMCID: PMC8434866 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s330637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-stimulatory receptor agonist antibodies have shown promising antitumor efficacy in preclinical models. However, their clinical development lags due to systemic or local adverse effects of non-specific T cell activation. Utilization of a bispecific antibody format to reduce off-tumor immune activation is a focus of co-stimulatory receptor agonist antibody design. METHODS In this study, a bispecific antibody with anti-CLDN18.2 and anti-CD28 moieties was produced. Its T cell costimulation ability was evaluated in T cell coculture assay in vitro. Its safety and anti-tumor efficacy were explored in mouse tumor models. RESULTS Anti-CLDN18.2-anti-CD28 bispecific antibody could co-stimulate T cells and increase the expression of effector cytokines in a CLDN18.2-dependent manner. Treatment of anti-CLDN18.2-anti-CD28 could reduce tumor burden and increase tumor-infiltrated T cells. Immunosuppressive cells including tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were also reduced without systemic adverse effects. CONCLUSION This work provided proof-of-concept evidence for a new strategy to develop a bispecific co-stimulatory activator for treating CLDN18.2+ tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lilv Fan
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanlin Li
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junshi Zhang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanming Yang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
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39
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Namoglu EC, Hughes ME, Nasta SD. Targeted immunotherapies to consider for B Cell non-hodgkin lymphoma. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2021.1967142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esin C. Namoglu
- Lymphoma Program, Hematology/Oncology Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mitchell E. Hughes
- Lymphoma Program, Hematology/Oncology Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sunita D. Nasta
- Lymphoma Program, Hematology/Oncology Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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40
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A Novel Bispecific Antibody Targeting CD3 and Lewis Y with Potent Therapeutic Efficacy against Gastric Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081059. [PMID: 34440263 PMCID: PMC8393954 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewis Y antigen, a glycan highly expressed on most epithelial cancers, was targeted for cancer treatment but lacked satisfactory results in some intractable and refractory cancers. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop an effective therapy against these cancers, hopefully based on this target. In this work, we constructed a novel T cell-engaging bispecific antibody targeting Lewis Y and CD3 (m3s193 BsAb) with the IgG-[L]-scfv format. In vitro activity of m3s193 BsAb was evaluated by affinity assay to target cells, cytotoxicity assay, cytokines releasing assay, and T cells proliferation and recruiting assays. Anti-tumor activity against gastric cancer was evaluated in vivo by subcutaneous huPBMCs/tumor cells co-grafting model and huPBMCs intravenous injecting model. In vitro, m3s193 BsAb appeared to have a high binding affinity to Lewis Y positive cells and Jurkat cells. The BsAb showed stronger activity than its parent mAb in T cell recruiting, activation, proliferation, cytokine release, and cytotoxicity. In vivo, m3s193 BsAb not only demonstrated higher therapeutic efficacy in the huPBMCs/tumor co-grafting gastric carcinoma model than the parent mAb but also eliminated tumors in the model of intravenous injection with huPBMCs. Strong anti-tumor activity of m3s193 BsAb revealed that Lewis Y could be targeted in T cell-engaging BsAb for gastric cancer therapy.
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41
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Leclercq G, Haegel H, Schneider A, Giusti AM, Marrer-Berger E, Boetsch C, Walz AC, Pulko V, Sam J, Challier J, Ferlini C, Odermatt A, Umaña P, Bacac M, Klein C. Src/lck inhibitor dasatinib reversibly switches off cytokine release and T cell cytotoxicity following stimulation with T cell bispecific antibodies. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002582. [PMID: 34326166 PMCID: PMC8323395 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell engagers are bispecific antibodies recognizing, with one moiety, the CD3ε chain of the T cell receptor and, with the other moiety, specific tumor surface antigens. Crosslinking of CD3 upon simultaneous binding to tumor antigens triggers T cell activation, proliferation and cytokine release, leading to tumor cell killing. Treatment with T cell engagers can be associated with safety liabilities due to on-target on-tumor, on-target off-tumor cytotoxic activity and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Tyrosine kinases such as SRC, LCK or ZAP70 are involved in downstream signaling pathways after engagement of the T cell receptor and blocking these kinases might serve to abrogate T cell activation when required (online supplemental material 1). Dasatinib was previously identified as a potent kinase inhibitor that switches off CAR T cell functionality. Methods Using an in vitro model of target cell killing by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we assessed the effects of dasatinib combined with 2+1 T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) including CEA-TCB, CD19-TCB or HLA-A2 WT1-TCB on T cell activation, proliferation and target cell killing measured by flow cytometry and cytokine release measured by Luminex. To determine the effective dose of dasatinib, the Incucyte system was used to monitor the kinetics of TCB-mediated target cell killing in the presence of escalating concentrations of dasatinib. Last, the effects of dasatinib were evaluated in vivo in humanized NSG mice co-treated with CD19-TCB. The count of CD20+ blood B cells was used as a readout of efficacy of TCB-mediated killing and cytokine levels were measured in the serum. Results Dasatinib concentrations above 50 nM prevented cytokine release and switched off-target cell killing, which were subsequently restored on removal of dasatinib. In addition, dasatinib prevented CD19-TCB-mediated B cell depletion in humanized NSG mice. These data confirm that dasatinib can act as a rapid and reversible on/off switch for activated T cells at pharmacologically relevant doses as they are applied in patients according to the label. Conclusion Taken together, we provide evidence for the use of dasatinib as a pharmacological on/off switch to mitigate off-tumor toxicities or CRS by T cell bispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Leclercq
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Haegel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anneliese Schneider
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Marrer-Berger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Boetsch
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antje-Christine Walz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vesna Pulko
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sam
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - John Challier
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Cristiano Ferlini
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Zhao WB, Shen Y, Liu WH, Li YM, Jin SJ, Xu YC, Pan LQ, Zhou Z, Chen SQ. Soluble Expression of Fc-Fused T Cell Receptors Allows Yielding Novel Bispecific T Cell Engagers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:790. [PMID: 34356854 PMCID: PMC8301436 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific recognition of T cell receptors (TCR) and peptides presented by human leukocyte antigens (pHLAs) is the core step for T cell triggering to execute anti-tumor activity. However, TCR assembly and soluble expression are challenging, which precludes the broad use of TCR in tumor therapy. Herein, we used heterodimeric Fc to assist in the correct assembly of TCRs to achieve the stable and soluble expression of several TCRs in mammalian cells, and the soluble TCRs enable us to yield novel bispecific T cell engagers (TCR/aCD3) through pairing them with an anti-CD3 antibody. The NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 targeted TCR/aCD3 (NY-TCR/aCD3) that we generated can redirect naïve T cells to specific lysis antigen-positive tumor cells, but the potency of the NY-TCR/aCD3 was disappointing. Furthermore, we found that the activation of T cells by NY-TCR/aCD3 was mild and unabiding, and the activity of NY-TCR/aCD3 could be significantly improved when we replaced naïve T cells with pre-activated T cells. Therefore, we employed the robust T cell activation ability of staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) to optimize the activity of NY-TCR/aCD3. Moreover, we found that the secretions of SEC2-activated T cells can promote HLA-I expression and thus increase target levels, which may further contribute to improving the activity of NY-TCR/aCD3. Our study described novel strategies for soluble TCR expression, and the optimization of the generation and potency of TCR/aCD3 provided a representative for us to fully exploit TCRs for the precision targeting of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhan Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.-B.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.-H.L.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-J.J.); (Y.-C.X.); (L.-Q.P.)
| | - Shu-Qing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.-B.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.-H.L.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-J.J.); (Y.-C.X.); (L.-Q.P.)
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43
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Enderle L, Shalaby KH, Gorelik M, Weiss A, Blazer LL, Paduch M, Cardarelli L, Kossiakoff A, Adams JJ, Sidhu SS. A T cell redirection platform for co-targeting dual antigens on solid tumors. MAbs 2021; 13:1933690. [PMID: 34190031 PMCID: PMC8253144 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1933690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to direct T cells to specific features of solid cancer cells, we engineered a bispecific antibody format, named Dual Antigen T cell Engager (DATE), by fusing a single-chain variable fragment targeting CD3 to a tumor-targeting antigen-binding fragment. In this format, multiple novel paratopes against different tumor antigens were able to recruit T-cell cytotoxicity to tumor cells in vitro and in an in vivo pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenograft model. Since unique surface antigens in solid tumors are limited, in order to enhance selectivity, we further engineered “double-DATEs” targeting two tumor antigens simultaneously. The double-DATE contains an additional autonomous variable heavy-chain domain, which binds a second tumor antigen without itself eliciting a cytotoxic response. This novel modality provides a strategy to enhance the selectivity of immune redirection through binary targeting of native tumor antigens. The modularity and use of a common, stable human framework for all components enables a pipeline approach to rapidly develop a broad repertoire of tailored DATEs and double-DATEs with favorable biophysical properties and high potencies and selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Enderle
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karim H Shalaby
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maryna Gorelik
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexander Weiss
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Levi L Blazer
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcin Paduch
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Gordon Center for Integrative Science, Chicago, USA
| | - Lia Cardarelli
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony Kossiakoff
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Gordon Center for Integrative Science, Chicago, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jarrett J Adams
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Yu L, Huang N, Ge L, Sun H, Fu Y, Liu C, Wang J. Structural design of tetravalent T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies: improve developability by engineering disulfide bonds. J Biol Eng 2021; 15:18. [PMID: 34187511 PMCID: PMC8243740 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-021-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the advances in protein engineering and manufacture, over the last 30 years, antibody-based immunotherapeutic has become a powerful strategy to treat diseases. The T-cell engaging bispecific antibody (BsAb) by combining the Fab binding domain of tumor antigens and Fab or single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) binding domain of CD3 molecules, could redirect cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells. The IgG-scFv format of BsAb is a dual bivalent and asymmetrical design, which adds the benefit of potent cytotoxicity and less complicated for manufacture but limits the stability and production. Here, we engineered a series of interchain disulfide bonds in the Fab region of IgG-svFv BsAbs and evaluated its biophysical and biological properties. We found that simultaneously replaced the position of VH44-VL100 and CH1126-CL121 residues with cysteine, to form two additional disulfide bonds, could markedly increase monomeric BsAb formation and yield. The thermostability and stability against aggregation and degradation also performed better than BsAbs without extra disulfide bonds introduction. Besides, the affinity of engineered BsAbs was maintained, and the h8B-BsAb antibody had a slight enhancement in an inhibitory effect on target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, 400044, Chongqing, China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 402460, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Medical Animal Resources Development and Application, 402460, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 402460, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Medical Animal Resources Development and Application, 402460, Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, 400044, Chongqing, China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuna Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, 400044, Chongqing, China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China
| | - Chundong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, 400044, Chongqing, China.
- Qiuzhen College, Huzhou University, No.1 Xueshi Road, Wuxing District, 313000, Huzhou, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, 400044, Chongqing, China.
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China.
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45
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Santich BH, Park JA, Tran H, Guo HF, Huse M, Cheung NKV. Interdomain spacing and spatial configuration drive the potency of IgG-[L]-scFv T cell bispecific antibodies. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/534/eaax1315. [PMID: 32161106 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T cell-bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) couple cytotoxic T lymphocytes to tumor cells, inducing their destruction. Although there are more than 60 classes of BsAbs in development, the relative importance of parameters such as interdomain spacing or spatial configuration is largely unknown. Here, we dissected a symmetric dual bivalent BsAb platform (IgG-[L]-scFv: antitumor IgG with anti-CD3 scFv fused to the light chains) to explore the importance of valency and spatial configuration for BsAb-induced T cell cytotoxicity. Our results revealed that placing tumor and T cell binding domains on the same side of a BsAb (cis-configuration) elicited substantially stronger antitumor activity, in vitro and in vivo, compared to positioning them on opposite sides (trans-configuration). Moreover, using two cis-modules in the same BsAb further improved cytotoxicity (up to 2000-fold). In addition, separating antigen-binding components with a single Ig domain (CL) markedly enhanced cytokine release and in vivo tumor responses compared to smaller (G4S1) or larger (CH1-CH2-CH3) spacers. These findings provide guidelines for improving BsAb function and highlight the importance of spatial configuration and dual bivalency as development parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Santich
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeong A Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hoa Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hong-Fen Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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46
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Dang K, Castello G, Clarke SC, Li Y, Balasubramani A, Boudreau A, Davison L, Harris KE, Pham D, Sankaran P, Ugamraj HS, Deng R, Kwek S, Starzinski A, Iyer S, van Schooten W, Schellenberger U, Sun W, Trinklein ND, Buelow R, Buelow B, Fong L, Dalvi P. Attenuating CD3 affinity in a PSMAxCD3 bispecific antibody enables killing of prostate tumor cells with reduced cytokine release. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002488. [PMID: 34088740 PMCID: PMC8183203 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic options currently available for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) do not extend median overall survival >6 months. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapies for mCRPC represents an urgent medical need. T cell engagers (TCEs) have emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of mCRPC due to their targeted mechanism of action. However, challenges remain in the clinic due to the limited efficacy of TCEs observed thus far in solid tumors as well as the toxicities associated with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) due to the usage of high-affinity anti-CD3 moieties such as OKT3. METHODS Using genetically engineered transgenic rats (UniRat and OmniFlic) that express fully human IgG antibodies together with an NGS-based antibody discovery pipeline, we developed TNB-585, an anti-CD3xPSMA TCE for the treatment of mCRPC. TNB-585 pairs a tumor-targeting anti-PSMA arm together with a unique, low-affinity anti-CD3 arm in bispecific format. We tested TNB-585 in T cell-redirected cytotoxicity assays against PSMA+ tumor cells in both two-dimensional (2D) cultures and three-dimensional (3D) spheroids as well as against patient-derived prostate tumor cells. Cytokines were measured in culture supernatants to assess the ability of TNB-585 to induce tumor killing with low cytokine release. TNB-585-mediated T cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxic granule formation were measured to investigate the mechanism of action. Additionally, TNB-585 efficacy was evaluated in vivo against C4-2 tumor-bearing NCG mice. RESULTS In vitro, TNB-585 induced activation and proliferation of human T cells resulting in the killing of PSMA+ prostate tumor cells in both 2D cultures and 3D spheroids with minimal cytokine release and reduced regulatory T cell activation compared with a positive control antibody that contains the same anti-PSMA arm but a higher affinity anti-CD3 arm (comparable with OKT3). In addition, TNB-585 demonstrated potent efficacy against patient-derived prostate tumors ex vivo and induced immune cell infiltration and dose-dependent tumor regression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that TNB-585, with its low-affinity anti-CD3, may be efficacious while inducing a lower incidence and severity of CRS in patients with prostate cancer compared with TCEs that incorporate high-affinity anti-CD3 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuping Li
- Teneobio, Inc, Newark, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Duy Pham
- Teneobio, Inc, Newark, California, USA
| | | | | | - Rong Deng
- Teneobio, Inc, Newark, California, USA
| | - Serena Kwek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alec Starzinski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lawrence Fong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Bogen JP, Carrara SC, Fiebig D, Grzeschik J, Hock B, Kolmar H. Design of a Trispecific Checkpoint Inhibitor and Natural Killer Cell Engager Based on a 2 + 1 Common Light Chain Antibody Architecture. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669496. [PMID: 34040611 PMCID: PMC8141644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cell engagers gained enormous interest in recent years due to their potent anti-tumor activity and favorable safety profile. Simultaneously, chicken-derived antibodies entered clinical studies paving the way for avian-derived therapeutics. In this study, we describe the affinity maturation of a common light chain (cLC)-based, chicken-derived antibody targeting EGFR, followed by utilization of the same light chain for the isolation of CD16a- and PD-L1-specific monoclonal antibodies. The resulting binders target their respective antigen with single-digit nanomolar affinity while blocking the ligand binding of all three respective receptors. Following library-based humanization, bispecific and trispecific variants in a standard 1 + 1 or a 2 + 1 common light chain format were generated, simultaneously targeting EGFR, CD16a, and PD-L1. The trispecific antibody mediated an elevated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in comparison to the EGFR×CD16a bispecific variant by effectively bridging EGFR/PD-L1 double-positive cancer cells with CD16a-positive effector cells. These findings represent, to our knowledge, the first detailed report on the generation of a trispecific 2 + 1 antibodies exhibiting a common light chain and illustrate synergistic effects of trispecific antigen binding. Overall, this generic procedure paves the way for the engineering of tri- and oligospecific therapeutic antibodies derived from avian immunizations.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chickens
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Drug Design
- Epitopes
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- ErbB Receptors/immunology
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/immunology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin Light Chains/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Light Chains/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Receptors, IgG/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P. Bogen
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefania C. Carrara
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - David Fiebig
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Björn Hock
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ferring International Center S.A., Saint-Prex, Switzerland
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Key Features Defining the Disposition of Bispecific Antibodies and Their Efficacy In Vivo. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 42:57-63. [PMID: 31283557 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are novel drugs, with only a few approved for clinical use. BsAbs are versatile molecules that come in many different forms and are designed and produced via genetic engineering. Although BsAbs share several pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties with monoclonal antibodies, they have their own unique characteristics based on their overall structure and specificities. BsAbs are generally more complex to investigate and develop than monoclonal antibodies, because they recognize at least 2 different antigens. Understanding their relative affinities to each target is crucial for determining their mechanism of action and efficacy. Moreover, the presence or absence of an Fc region determines, in part, their in vivo stability, distribution, and half-life. This study summarizes several PK and PD aspects that are specific for BsAbs and are important for the success of these new drugs. We emphasize previous PK/PD studies that have been fundamental for the correct prediction of appropriate dosages and schedules of these new drugs in clinical trials or for defining which drugs may take advantage of individualized and standardized drug monitoring for improved efficacy and safety.
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Yeku OO, Rao TD, Laster I, Kononenko A, Purdon TJ, Wang P, Cui Z, Liu H, Brentjens RJ, Spriggs D. Bispecific T-Cell Engaging Antibodies Against MUC16 Demonstrate Efficacy Against Ovarian Cancer in Monotherapy and in Combination With PD-1 and VEGF Inhibition. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663379. [PMID: 33936101 PMCID: PMC8079980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for ovarian cancer is an area of intense investigation since the majority of women with relapsed disease develop resistance to conventional cytotoxic therapy. The paucity of safe and validated target antigens has limited the development of clinically relevant antibody-based immunotherapeutics for this disease. Although MUC16 expression is almost universal in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancers, engagement of the shed circulating MUC16 antigen (CA-125) presents a theoretical risk of systemic activation and toxicity. We designed and evaluated a series of bispecific tandem single-chain variable fragments specific to the retained portion of human MUC16 ectodomain (MUC16ecto) and human CD3. These MUC16ecto- BiTEDs retain binding in the presence of soluble MUC16 (CA-125) and show cytotoxicity against a panel of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. MUC16ecto- BiTEDs delay tumor progression in vivo and significantly prolong survival in a xenograft model of ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis. This effect was significantly enhanced by antiangiogenic (anti-VEGF) therapy and immune checkpoint inhibition (anti-PD1). However, the combination of BiTEDs with anti-VEGF was superior to combination with anti-PD1, based on findings of decreased peritoneal tumor burden and ascites with the former. This study shows the feasibility and efficacy of MUC16ecto- specific BiTEDs and provides a basis for the combination with anti-VEGF therapy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo O Yeku
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thapi Dharma Rao
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ian Laster
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Artem Kononenko
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Terence J Purdon
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc., Emeryville, California, United States
| | - Ziyou Cui
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc., Emeryville, California, United States
| | - Hong Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc., Emeryville, California, United States
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Spriggs
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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50
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Development of a Tetravalent T-Cell Engaging Bispecific Antibody Against Glypican-3 for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Immunother 2021; 44:106-113. [PMID: 33239522 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies benefit from accelerated development of biotechnology, and many immunotherapeutic strategies spring up including vaccines, the immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a member of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan family of proteins and is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell membranes. Here, the authors describe a new tetravalent BsAb h8B-BsAb targeting GPC3 and CD3 antigens and studied its antitumor activities against HCC. h8B-BsAb was designed based on immunoglobulin G with a fragment variable fused to the light chain, whose biophysical stabilities including degradation resistance and thermostability were improved by introducing disulfide bonds. In vitro activity of h8B-BsAb showed potent T-cell recruitment and activation for HCC cell lysis by the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but no specific killing in GPC3-negative cells. In HCC xenograft mouse studies, h8B-BsAb induced robust regression of tumors. In summary, we engineered a highly stable and efficacious BsAb as a potential candidate for HCC treatment.
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