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Didiasova M, Cesaro S, Feldhoff S, Bettin I, Tiegel N, Füssgen V, Bertoldi M, Tikkanen R. Functional Characterization of a Spectrum of Genetic Variants in a Family with Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5237. [PMID: 38791277 PMCID: PMC11121183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the catabolism of the neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid. Pathogenic variants in the gene encoding this enzyme cause SSADH deficiency, a developmental disease that manifests as hypotonia, autism, and epilepsy. SSADH deficiency patients usually have family-specific gene variants. Here, we describe a family exhibiting four different SSADH variants: Val90Ala, Cys93Phe, and His180Tyr/Asn255Asp (a double variant). We provide a structural and functional characterization of these variants and show that Cys93Phe and Asn255Asp are pathogenic variants that affect the stability of the SSADH protein. Due to the impairment of the cofactor NAD+ binding, these variants show a highly reduced enzyme activity. However, Val90Ala and His180Tyr exhibit normal activity and expression. The His180Tyr/Asn255Asp variant exhibits a highly reduced activity as a recombinant species, is inactive, and shows a very low expression in eukaryotic cells. A treatment with substances that support protein folding by either increasing chaperone protein expression or by chemical means did not increase the expression of the pathogenic variants of the SSADH deficiency patient. However, stabilization of the folding of pathogenic SSADH variants by other substances may provide a treatment option for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Didiasova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, DE-35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Samuele Cesaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.); (I.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Simon Feldhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, DE-35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Ilaria Bettin
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.); (I.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Nana Tiegel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, DE-35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Vera Füssgen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, DE-35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Mariarita Bertoldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.); (I.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, DE-35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.F.)
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Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Resolution of inflammation in chronic disease via restoration of the heat shock response (HSR). Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:66-87. [PMID: 38309688 PMCID: PMC10939035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective resolution of inflammation via the heat shock response (HSR) is pivotal in averting the transition to chronic inflammatory states. This transition characterizes a spectrum of debilitating conditions, including insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular ailments. This manuscript explores a range of physiological, pharmacological, and nutraceutical interventions aimed at reinstating the HSR in the context of chronic low-grade inflammation, as well as protocols to assess the HSR. Monitoring the progression or suppression of the HSR in patients and laboratory animals offers predictive insights into the organism's capacity to combat chronic inflammation, as well as the impact of exercise and hyperthermic treatments (e.g., sauna or hot tub baths) on the HSR. Interestingly, a reciprocal correlation exists between the expression of HSR components in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and the extent of local tissue proinflammatory activity in individuals afflicted by chronic inflammatory disorders. Therefore, the Heck index, contrasting extracellular 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70) (proinflammatory) and intracellular HSP70 (anti-inflammatory) in PBL, serves as a valuable metric for HSR assessment. Our laboratory has also developed straightforward protocols for evaluating HSR by subjecting whole blood samples from both rodents and human volunteers to ex vivo heat challenges. Collectively, this discussion underscores the critical role of HSR disruption in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory states and emphasizes the significance of simple, cost-effective tools for clinical HSR assessment. This understanding is instrumental in the development of innovative strategies for preventing and managing chronic inflammatory diseases, which continue to exert a substantial global burden on morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique De Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Post Graduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ/URI), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI) and Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC), UNIJUI, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Shin S, Ajuwon KM. Role of heat shock protein 70 in regulation of anti-inflammatory response to curcumin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:397-407. [PMID: 37266116 PMCID: PMC10232195 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.3.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Curcumin is a well-known phytochemical with anti-inflammatory effects. Heat shock protein (HSP) 70, an intracellular chaperone, inhibits proinflammatory signaling activation. Although curcumin has been shown to induce HSP70 expression in various cell types, whether HSP70 mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in mature adipocytes remains unclear. MATERIALS/METHODS To assess the role of HSP70 in regulating the anti-inflammatory response to curcumin in adipocytes, fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with curcumin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and/or the HSP70 inhibitor pifithrin-μ (PFT-μ). The expression levels of HSP70 and proinflammatory cytokines were then measured. RESULTS Curcumin upregulated HSP70 expression at both protein and mRNA levels and attenuated LPS-induced Il6, Ptx3, and Ccl2 mRNA upregulation. PFT-μ tended to exacerbate the LPS-induced upregulation of Il6, Ptx3, Ccl2, and Tnfa mRNA expression. However, on curcumin pretreatment, the tendency of PFT-μ to upregulate LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression decreased or disappeared. CONCLUSION These results indicate that HSP70 is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses but may not be crucial for the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhye Shin
- Major of Food and Nutrition, Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Kolapo M. Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Zhao K, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Shi J, Zheng P, Yang C, Chen Y. Celastrol inhibits pathologic neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy by targeting the miR-17-5p/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2091-2108. [PMID: 35695424 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2087277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which is characterized by retinal neovascularization (RNV), is a major cause of neonatal blindness. The primary treatment for ROP is anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, which is costly and can rapidly lead to desensitization. Celastrol, a bioactive compound extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. ("Thunder of God Vine"), has been shown to exert anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether celastrol has antiangiogenic activity and can suppress inflammation to inhibit ROP progression is unclear. This was investigated in the present study in vitro as well as in vivo using a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Our results showed that celastrol treatment reduced neovascular and avascular areas in the retina and inhibited microglia activation and inflammation in OIR mice. Celastrol also inhibited proliferation, migration, and tube formation in cultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells, and reversed the activation of the microRNA (miR)-17-5p/hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α/VEGF pathway in the retina of OIR mice. These results indicate that celastrol alleviates pathologic RNV in the retina by protecting neuroglia and suppressing inflammation via inhibition of miR-17-5p/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling, and thus has therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of ROP.Abbreviations: BSA, bovine serum albumin; COX2, cyclooxygenase 2; ECM, endothelial cell medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; HDAC, histone deacetylase; HIF-1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1; HRMEC, human retinal microvascular endothelial cell; Hsp70, heat shock protein; IB4, isolectin B4; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IL-1β/6, interleukin 1 beta/6; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; miRNA, microRNA; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; OIR, oxygen-induced retinopathy; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR; RNV, retinal neovascularization; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; RTCA, real-time cell analyzer; RVO, retinal vaso-obliteration; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Pengxiang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Discovering the Potential of Natural Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010101. [PMID: 35056157 PMCID: PMC8777838 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease associated with anatomical changes in the inner retina. Despite tremendous advances in clinical care, there is currently no cure for AMD. This review aims to evaluate the published literature on the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD. A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2011 and 31 October 2021 was undertaken. A total of 82 preclinical and 18 clinical studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. We identified active compounds, carotenoids, extracts and polysaccharides, flavonoids, formulations, vitamins and whole foods with potential therapeutic roles in AMD. We evaluated the integral cellular signaling pathways including the activation of antioxidant pathways and angiogenesis pathways orchestrating their mode of action. In conclusion, we examined the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD which warrant further study for application in clinical practice. Our current understanding is that natural antioxidants have the potential to improve or halt the progression of AMD, and tailoring therapeutics to the specific disease stages may be the key to preventing irreversible vision loss.
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Liu DD, Luo P, Gu L, Zhang Q, Gao P, Zhu Y, Chen X, Guo Q, Zhang J, Ma N, Wang J. Celastrol exerts a neuroprotective effect by directly binding to HMGB1 protein in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:174. [PMID: 34372857 PMCID: PMC8353826 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celastrol (cel) was one of the earliest isolated and identified chemical constituents of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Based on a cel probe (cel-p) that maintained the bioactivity of the parent compound, the targets of cel in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury were comprehensively analyzed by a quantitative chemical proteomics method. METHODS We constructed an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in primary rat cortical neurons and a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in adult rats to detect the direct binding targets of cel in cerebral I/R. By combining various experimental methods, including tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling, mass spectrometry, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), we revealed the targets to which cel directly bound to exert neuroprotective effects. RESULTS We found that cel inhibited the proinflammatory activity of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) by directly binding to it and then blocking the binding of HMGB1 to its inflammatory receptors in the microenvironment of ischemia and hypoxia. In addition, cel rescued neurons from OGD injury in vitro and decreased cerebral infarction in vivo by targeting HSP70 and NF-κB p65. CONCLUSION Cel exhibited neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by targeting HSP70 and NF-κB p65 and directly binding to HMGB1 in cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Liu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Piao Luo
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Liwei Gu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yongping Zhu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou , 510632, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China. .,Department of Urology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 518020, Shenzhen, China.
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Cheng Z, Li Y, Zhu X, Wang K, Ali Y, Shu W, Zhang T, Zhu L, Murray M, Zhou F. The Potential Application of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in the Prevention and Treatment of Retinal Diseases. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:511-527. [PMID: 33761574 DOI: 10.1055/a-1377-2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Retinal diseases are a leading cause of impaired vision and blindness but some lack effective treatments. New therapies are required urgently to better manage retinal diseases. Natural pentacyclic triterpenoids and their derivatives have a wide range of activities, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, and antiangiogenic properties. Pentacyclic triterpenoids have great potential in preventing and/or treating retinal pathologies. The pharmacological effects of pentacyclic triterpenoids are often mediated through the modulation of signalling pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, high-mobility group box protein 1, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, and Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo evidence for the pharmacological potential of pentacyclic triterpenoids in the prevention and treatment of retinal diseases. The present literature supports the further development of pentacyclic triterpenoids. Future research should now attempt to improve the efficacy and pharmacokinetic behaviour of the agents, possibly by the use of medicinal chemistry and targeted drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Cheng
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Yue Li
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Xue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youmna Ali
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Wenying Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Xu S, Feng Y, He W, Xu W, Xu W, Yang H, Li X. Celastrol in metabolic diseases: Progress and application prospects. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105572. [PMID: 33753246 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are becoming increasingly common in modern society. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective drugs or new treatments for metabolic diseases. As an active ingredient derived from plants, celastrol has shown great potential in the treatment of a wide variety of metabolic diseases and received considerable attention in recent years. In reported studies, the anti-obesity effect of celastrol resulted from regulating leptin sensitivity, energy metabolism, inflammation, lipid metabolism and even gut microbiota. Celastrol reversed insulin resistance via multiple routes to protect against type 2 diabetes. Celastrol also showed effects on atherosclerosis, cholestasis and osteoporosis. Celastrol in treating metabolic diseases seem to be versatile and the targets or pathways were diverse. Here, we systematically review the mechanism of action, and the therapeutic properties of celastrol in various metabolic diseases and complications. Based on this review, potential research strategies might contribute to the celastrol's clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Yaqian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Weishen He
- Biology Department, Boston College, Brighton, MA 02135, USA
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Xianyu Li
- Experimental Research Centre, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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9
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Lyu Q, Wawrzyniuk M, Rutten VPMG, van Eden W, Sijts AJAM, Broere F. Hsp70 and NF-kB Mediated Control of Innate Inflammatory Responses in a Canine Macrophage Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186464. [PMID: 32899721 PMCID: PMC7555705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases is associated with the uncontrolled activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in macrophages. Previous studies have shown that in various cell types, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) plays a crucial role in controlling NF-κB activity. So far, little is known about the role of Hsp70 in canine inflammatory processes. In this study we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory effects of Hsp70 in canine macrophages as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects. To this end, a canine macrophage cell line was stressed with arsenite, a chemical stressor, which upregulated Hsp70 expression as detected by flow cytometry and qPCR. A gene-edited version of this macrophage cell line lacking inducible Hsp70 was generated using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. To determine the effects of Hsp70 on macrophage inflammatory properties, arsenite-stressed wild-type and Hsp70 knockout macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and levels of phosphorylated NF-κB were determined by qPCR and Western Blotting, respectively. Our results show that non-toxic concentrations of arsenite induced Hsp70 expression in canine macrophages; Hsp70 upregulation significantly inhibited the LPS-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-6, as well as NF-κB activation in canine macrophages. Furthermore, the gene editing of inducible Hsp70 by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing neutralized this inhibitory effect of cell stress on NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Collectively, our study reveals that Hsp70 may regulate inflammatory responses through NF-κB activation and cytokine expression in canine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkang Lyu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (Q.L.); (M.W.); (V.P.M.G.R.); (W.v.E.); (A.J.A.M.S.)
| | - Magdalena Wawrzyniuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (Q.L.); (M.W.); (V.P.M.G.R.); (W.v.E.); (A.J.A.M.S.)
| | - Victor P. M. G. Rutten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (Q.L.); (M.W.); (V.P.M.G.R.); (W.v.E.); (A.J.A.M.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Willem van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (Q.L.); (M.W.); (V.P.M.G.R.); (W.v.E.); (A.J.A.M.S.)
| | - Alice J. A. M. Sijts
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (Q.L.); (M.W.); (V.P.M.G.R.); (W.v.E.); (A.J.A.M.S.)
| | - Femke Broere
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (Q.L.); (M.W.); (V.P.M.G.R.); (W.v.E.); (A.J.A.M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Kumar R, Soni R, Heindl SE, Wiltshire DA, Khan S. Unravelling the Role of HSP70 as the Unexplored Molecular Target in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cureus 2020; 12:e8960. [PMID: 32766003 PMCID: PMC7398729 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The motive behind writing this paper was to highlight the relationship between heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to explore the potential role of HSP70 as a molecular target in AMD therapy. We performed a comprehensive literature search in various databases and finally found 43 relevant studies related to our objective. In our research, we found that in AMD, oxidative stress causes increased inflammation and excessive apoptosis due to the accumulation of aberrant proteins in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The long-lasting overstimulation of the defence system leads to RPE degeneration and results in visual impairment or vision loss. However, after thorough research, it was found that HSP70's role as an immunomodulator, the guardian of the proteolytic pathway and regulator of apoptosis makes it a potential therapeutic target in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Kumar
- Ophthalmology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ravi Soni
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Stacey E Heindl
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Dwayne A Wiltshire
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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11
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Hyttinen JMT, Kannan R, Felszeghy S, Niittykoski M, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. The Regulation of NFE2L2 (NRF2) Signalling and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225800. [PMID: 31752195 PMCID: PMC6888570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a mounting cause of loss of sight in the elderly in the developed countries, a trend enhanced by the continual ageing of the population. AMD is a multifactorial and only partly understood, malady. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for most AMD patients. It is known that oxidative stress (OS) damages the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and contributes to the progression of AMD. We review here the potential importance of two OS-related cellular systems in relation to AMD. First, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2; NRF2)-mediated OS response signalling pathway is important in the prevention of oxidative damage and a failure of this system could be critical in the development of AMD. Second, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a change in the cellular phenotype, which ultimately leads to the fibrosis encountered in RPE, a characteristic of AMD. Many of the pathways triggering EMT are promoted by OS. The possible interconnections between these two signalling routes are discussed here. From a broader perspective, the control of NFE2L2 and EMT as ways of preventing OS-derived cellular damage could be potentially valuable in the therapy of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M. T. Hyttinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ram Kannan
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, DVRC 203, 1355 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Szabolcs Felszeghy
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Niittykoski
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS Kuopio, Finland
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12
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Wang LP, Chen BX, Sun Y, Chen JP, Huang S, Liu YZ. Celastrol inhibits migration, proliferation and transforming growth factor-β2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lens epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1517-1523. [PMID: 31637185 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanism of celastrol in inhibiting lens epithelial cells (LECs) fibrosis, which is the pathological basis of cataract. METHODS Human LEC line SRA01/04 was treated with celastrol and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2). Wound-healing assay, proliferation assay, flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot and immunocytochemical staining were used to detect the pathological changes of celastrol on LECs. Then, we cultured Sprague-Dawley rat lens in medium as a semi-in vivo model to find the function of celastrol further. RESULTS We found that celastrol inhibited the migration of LECs, as well as proliferation (P<0.05). In addition, it induced the G2/M phase arrest by cell cycle-related proteins (P<0.01). Moreover, celastrol inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by the blockade of TGF-β/Smad and Jagged/Notch signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that celastrol could inhibit TGF-β2-induced lens fibrosis and raises the possibility that celastrol could be a potential novel drug in prevention and treatment of fibrotic cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
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13
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Yang HJ, Hu R, Sun H, Bo Chen, Li X, Chen JB. 4-HNE induces proinflammatory cytokines of human retinal pigment epithelial cells by promoting extracellular efflux of HSP70. Exp Eye Res 2019; 188:107792. [PMID: 31499034 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and subsequent chronic inflammation result in dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and represent therapeutic targets in the context of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, molecular mechanisms that linked oxidative stress and inflammation still unclear. As an important byproduct of oxidative stress, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) induces apoptosis and lysosome dysregulation of RPE cells. In the present study, we evaluated cytokines production of RPE cells induced by 4-HNE by using cytokine array and confirmed that 4-HNE induced IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α production in a concentration dependent manner. Specifically, 4-HNE also induced IL-10 and TGF-β production in low concentration. Molecular analysis revealed that intracellular HSP70 inhibited 4-HNE-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and 4-HNE exerted proinflammatory effects in RPE cells by enhancing extracellular release of HSP70, as efflux inhibitor Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBC) treatment significantly blocked the release of HSP70 and decreased IL-6 production of RPE cells induced by 4-HNE. Meanwhile, HSP70 inducer arimoclomol increased intracellular HSP70 production, but showed no influence on its extracellular level, also performed anti-inflammatory effects in 4-HNE-stimulated RPE cells. Whereas the anti-inflammatory effects of paeoniflorin, an HSP70 inducer simultaneously promoted its extracellular efflux, was lower than arimoclomol. In addition, we further confirmed that MBC exhibited synergetic effect with both paeoniflorin and arimoclomol to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by 4-HNE. Taken together, these results indicate that HSP70 plays a vital role in regulating inflammation of RPE cells induced by oxidative stress and might be a potential novel target for clinical treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jing Yang
- Department of Ophthalomology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Eugenic Genetics Laboratory, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Eugenic Genetics Laboratory, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Ophthalomology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xia Li
- Ophthalmic Center, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, Hubei, 445000, China.
| | - Jian-Bin Chen
- Department of Ophthalomology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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14
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Cassol G, Godinho DB, de Zorzi VN, Farinha JB, Della-Pace ID, de Carvalho Gonçalves M, Oliveira MS, Furian AF, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Potential therapeutic implications of ergogenic compounds on pathophysiology induced by traumatic brain injury: A narrative review. Life Sci 2019; 233:116684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Sun Z, Li Y, Qian Y, Wu M, Huang S, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Jia Z. Celastrol attenuates ox-LDL-induced mesangial cell proliferation via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:114. [PMID: 31285857 PMCID: PMC6611885 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesangial cell (MC) proliferation is one of the important pathological features of obesity-associated nephropathy with unknown etiology. Excessive MC proliferation can cause glomerulosclerosis and renal function loss. Thus, targeting MC proliferation may be a potential strategy for the treatment of obesity-associated kidney disease. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of celastrol in MC proliferation induced by ox-LDL, as well as the potential mechanisms. Following ox-LDL treatment, MC proliferation was induced and the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated, as evidenced by increased NLRP3 levels, caspase 1 activity, and IL-18 and IL-1β release. Significantly, NLRP3 siRNAs inhibited MC proliferation and delayed cell cycle progression, as indicated by the cell cycle assay and the expression of cyclin A2 and cyclin D1. Given the anti-inflammatory effect of celastrol, we pretreated MCs with celastrol before ox-LDL treatment. As expected, celastrol pretreatment strikingly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and MC proliferation triggered by ox-LDL. In summary, celastrol potently blocked ox-LDL-induced MC proliferation, possibly by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings also suggest that celastrol may be a potential drug for treating proliferative glomerular diseases related to obesity and lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Sun
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Qian
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Mengying Wu
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Songming Huang
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
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16
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Du Z, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhang J, He J, Wang Y, Dong Y, Huo M. Celastrol protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide mediated oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis through sirtuin 3 signal pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10413-10420. [PMID: 30618198 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the most common causes of visual impairment, often occurrs in the elderly in developed countries. Oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play roles in the pathogenesis of AMD. In the current study, the protective effect of celastrol against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis was investigated using a human RPE cell line (ARPE-19). H2 O2 inhibited ARPE-19 cells' survival and autophagy and induced their oxidative stress and apoptosis. Compared with the H2 O2 group, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that celastrol increased ARPE-19 cells' survival in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further, studies have suggested that celastrol has antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis effects in H2 O2 -treated ARPE-19 cells. Also, cell autophagy is activated by celastrol in H2 O2 -treated ARPE-19 cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot showed that celastrol elevated the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in H2 O2 -induced ARPE-19 cells. Inhibition of the level of SIRT3 by SIRT3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) reversed the effects of celastrol on oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in H2 O2 -induced ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, these observations suggest that celastrol activates the SIRT3 pathway in RPE cells and protects against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Kashyap D, Sharma A, Tuli HS, Sak K, Mukherjee T, Bishayee A. Molecular targets of celastrol in cancer: Recent trends and advancements. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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18
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Kivinen N. The role of autophagy in age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96 Suppl A110:1-50. [PMID: 29633521 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niko Kivinen
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
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19
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Subramanian C, Grogan PT, Opipari VP, Timmermann BN, Cohen MS. Novel natural withanolides induce apoptosis and inhibit migration of neuroblastoma cells through down regulation of N-myc and suppression of Akt/mTOR/NF-κB activation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14509-14523. [PMID: 29581860 PMCID: PMC5865686 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in intensive chemotherapy treatments, long-term success is achieved in less than 30% of children with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB). Key regulatory pathways including the PI3K/Akt, mTOR and NF-κB are implicated in the pathogenesis of NB. Although drugs targeting these individual pathways are in clinical trials, they are not effective due to the activation of compensatory mechanisms. We have previously reported that natural novel withanolides from Physalis longifolia can potently inhibit these key regulatory pathways simultaneously. In the present study, we examined the efficacy and mechanisms through which novel withanolides and their acetate derivatives (WGA-TA and WGB-DA) from P.longifolia kill NB cells. The results from the study demonstrated that our novel acetate derivatives are highly effective in inhibiting the proliferation, shifting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. Analysis of oncogenic pathway proteins targeted by withanolides indicated induction of heat shock response due to oxidative stress. Dose dependent decrease in clients of HSP90 chaperone function due to suppression of Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB pathways led to decrease in the expressions of target genes such as cyclin D1, N-myc and Survivin. Additionally, there was a dose dependent attenuation of the migration and invasion of NB cells. Furthermore, the lead compound WGA-TA showed significant reduction in tumor growth of NB xenografts. Taken together, these results suggest that withanolides are an effective therapeutic option against NBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick T Grogan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Valerie P Opipari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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Celastrol and Its Role in Controlling Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 928:267-289. [PMID: 27671821 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol, a triterpenoid derived from traditional Chinese medicinal plants, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Celastrol has shown preventive/therapeutic effects in experimental models of several chronic diseases. These include, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis), neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), atherosclerosis, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Celastrol modulates intricate cellular pathways and networks associated with disease pathology, and it interrupts or redirects the aberrant cellular and molecular events so as to limit disease progression and facilitate recovery, where feasible. The major cell signaling pathways modulated by celastrol include the NF-kB pathway, MAPK pathway, JAK/STAT pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, celastrol modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, proteasome activity, heat-shock protein response, innate and adaptive immune responses, angiogenesis, and bone remodeling. Current understanding of the mechanisms of action of celastrol and information about its disease-modulating activities in experimental models have set the stage for testing celastrol in clinical studies as a therapeutic agent for several chronic human diseases.
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21
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Zhou Y, Li W, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhang H, Tong X, Xiao Y. Competitive profiling of celastrol targets in human cervical cancer HeLa cells via quantitative chemical proteomics. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:83-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00691d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We reported the proteome-wide profiling of cellular targets of celastrol in HeLa cellsviacompetitive chemoproteomics approach utilizing a cysteine-targeting activity-based probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Weichao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Mingli Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xixi Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100039
- China
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences
| | - Haibing Zhang
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Tong
- Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200001
- China
| | - Youli Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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22
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Gundersen GW, Jagodnik KM, Woodland H, Fernandez NF, Sani K, Dohlman AB, Ung PMU, Monteiro CD, Schlessinger A, Ma'ayan A. GEN3VA: aggregation and analysis of gene expression signatures from related studies. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:461. [PMID: 27846806 PMCID: PMC5111283 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide gene expression profiling of mammalian cells is becoming a staple of many published biomedical and biological research studies. Such data is deposited into data repositories such as the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for potential reuse. However, these repositories currently do not provide simple interfaces to systematically analyze collections of related studies. RESULTS Here we present GENE Expression and Enrichment Vector Analyzer (GEN3VA), a web-based system that enables the integrative analysis of aggregated collections of tagged gene expression signatures identified and extracted from GEO. Each tagged collection of signatures is presented in a report that consists of heatmaps of the differentially expressed genes; principal component analysis of all signatures; enrichment analysis with several gene set libraries across all signatures, which we term enrichment vector analysis; and global mapping of small molecules that are predicted to reverse or mimic each signature in the aggregate. We demonstrate how GEN3VA can be used to identify common molecular mechanisms of aging by analyzing tagged signatures from 244 studies that compared young vs. old tissues in mammalian systems. In a second case study, we collected 86 signatures from treatment of human cells with dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist. Our analysis confirms consensus GR target genes and predicts potential drug mimickers. CONCLUSIONS GEN3VA can be used to identify, aggregate, and analyze themed collections of gene expression signatures from diverse but related studies. Such integrative analyses can be used to address concerns about data reproducibility, confirm results across labs, and discover new collective knowledge by data reuse. GEN3VA is an open-source web-based system that is freely available at: http://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/gen3va .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Gundersen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kathleen M Jagodnik
- Fluid Physics and Transport Processes Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA.,Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Holly Woodland
- , Daylesford, The Fairway, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0RZ, UK
| | - Nicholas F Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kevin Sani
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Anders B Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Peter Man-Un Ung
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Caroline D Monteiro
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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23
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Hytti M, Piippo N, Korhonen E, Honkakoski P, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Fisetin and luteolin protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death and regulate inflammation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17645. [PMID: 26619957 PMCID: PMC4664957 DOI: 10.1038/srep17645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a clinical hallmark of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness among aged people in the Western world. Both inflammation and oxidative stress are known to play vital roles in the development of this disease. Here, we assess the ability of fisetin and luteolin, to protect ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death and to decrease intracellular inflammation. We also compare the growth and reactivity of human ARPE-19 cells in serum-free and serum-containing conditions. The absence of serum in the culture medium did not prevent ARPE-19 cells from reaching full confluency but caused an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress-induced cell death. Both fisetin and luteolin protected ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. They also significantly decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the culture medium. The decrease in inflammation was associated with reduced activation of MAPKs and CREB, but was not linked to NF- κB or SIRT1. The ability of fisetin and luteolin to protect and repair stressed RPE cells even after the oxidative insult make them attractive in the search for treatments for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hytti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Piippo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eveliina Korhonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, FI-70029 KYS, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, FI-70029 KYS, Finland
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Ferrington DA, Sinha D, Kaarniranta K. Defects in retinal pigment epithelial cell proteolysis and the pathology associated with age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 51:69-89. [PMID: 26344735 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of protein homeostasis, also referred to as "Proteostasis", integrates multiple pathways that regulate protein synthesis, folding, translocation, and degradation. Failure in proteostasis may be one of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the cascade of events leading to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review covers the major degradative pathways (ubiquitin-proteasome and lysosomal involvement in phagocytosis and autophagy) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and summarizes evidence of their involvement in AMD. Degradation of damaged and misfolded proteins via the proteasome occurs in coordination with heat shock proteins. Evidence of increased content of proteasome and heat shock proteins in retinas from human donors with AMD is consistent with increased oxidative stress and extensive protein damage with AMD. Phagocytosis and autophagy share key molecules in phagosome maturation as well as degradation of their cargo following fusion with lysosomes. Phagocytosis and degradation of photoreceptor outer segments ensures functional integrity of the neural retina. Autophagy rids the cell of toxic protein aggregates and defective mitochondria. Evidence suggesting a decline in autophagic flux includes the accumulation of autophagic substrates and damaged mitochondria in RPE from AMD donors. An age-related decrease in lysosomal enzymatic activity inhibits autophagic clearance of outer segments, mitochondria, and protein aggregates, thereby accelerating the accumulation of lipofuscin. This cumulative damage over a person's lifetime tips the balance in RPE from a state of para-inflammation, which strives to restore cell homeostasis, to the chronic inflammation associated with AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, 2001 6th St SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room M035 Robert and Clarice Smith Bldg, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Finland.
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Wang YL, Lam KK, Cheng PY, Lee YM. Celastrol prevents circulatory failure via induction of heme oxygenase-1 and heat shock protein 70 in endotoxemic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:168-175. [PMID: 25571843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Celastrol, a quinone methide extracted from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook, possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook is officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and is used traditionally against rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and cancer. Furthermore, the circulatory protective effect of celastrol on an in vivo animal model of sepsis was investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disorder that increases tissue oxidative stress and leads to multiple organ injury. We evaluated the beneficial effects of celastrol on multiple organ failure induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Celastrol (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered to anaesthetized rats 2 h before and 30 min after LPS challenge (10 mg/kg, i.v.). Eight hours later, cardiac and aortic protein expressions related to inflammatory responses, superoxide anion production, and reduced glutathione (GSH) level were measured. RESULTS Treatment with celastrol prevented circulatory failure (bradycardia and hypotension) 8h after LPS challenge. The plasma levels of ALT, LDH, TNF-α, and nitric oxide metabolites increased markedly during sepsis, which significantly reduced after celastrol treatments. Celastrol attenuated iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κB phospho-p65 expression, superoxide anion production, and caspase 3 activity in the cardiovascular system, all of which were markedly elevated after LPS challenge. Furthermore, celastrol induced HO-1 and HSP70 expressions increase in nuclear levels of Nrf2 and HSF-1, respectively, and increase cardiac GSH level 8h after LPS challenge. CONCLUSION Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of celastrol contribute to prevent circulatory failure in sepsis. Induction of HO-1 and HSP70 by celastrol participates in these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Li Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwok-Keung Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Catholic Mercy Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Mutations in HSP70-2 gene change the susceptibility to clinical mastitis in Chinese Holstein. Gene 2015; 559:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hytti M, Piippo N, Salminen A, Honkakoski P, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Quercetin alleviates 4-hydroxynonenal-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation in ARPE-19 cells. Exp Eye Res 2015; 132:208-15. [PMID: 25662315 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays the principal role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a progressive eye disease with no cure and limited therapeutical options. In the pathogenesis of AMD, degeneration of RPE cells by multiple factors including increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation precedes the irreversible loss of photoreceptors and central vision. Here, we report that the plant-derived polyphenol, quercetin, increases viability and decreases inflammation in stressed human ARPE-19 cells after exposure to the lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Several previous studies have been conducted using the direct oxidant H2O2 but we preferred HNE since natural characteristics predispose RPE cells to the type of oxidative damage evoked by lipid peroxidation. Quercetin improved cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial function as assessed in LDH and MTT tests. Decreased production of proinflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 were indicated at the RNA level by qPCR and at the protein level by the ELISA technique. In addition, we probed the signaling behind the effects and observed that p38 and ERK MAPK pathways, and CREB signaling are regulated by quercetin in ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, our present data suggests that HNE is highly toxic to serum-starved ARPE-19 cells but quercetin is able to reverse these adverse effects even when administered after an oxidative insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hytti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Niina Piippo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, FI-70029 KYS, Finland.
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, FI-70029 KYS, Finland.
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, FI-70029 KYS, Finland.
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Zuhl M, Dokladny K, Mermier C, Schneider S, Salgado R, Moseley P. The effects of acute oral glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced gastrointestinal permeability and heat shock protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:85-93. [PMID: 25062931 PMCID: PMC4255255 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic glutamine supplementation reduces exercise-induced intestinal permeability and inhibits the NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These effects were correlated with activation of HSP70. The purpose of this paper is to test if an acute dose of oral glutamine prior to exercise reduces intestinal permeability along with activation of the heat shock response leading to inhibition of pro-inflammatory markers. Physically active subjects (N = 7) completed baseline and exercise intestinal permeability tests, determined by the percent ratio of urinary lactulose (5 g) to rhamnose (2 g). Exercise included two 60-min treadmill runs at 70 % of VO2max at 30 °C after ingestion of glutamine (Gln) or placebo (Pla). Plasma levels of endotoxin and TNF-α, along with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) protein expression of HSP70 and IκBα, were measured pre- and post-exercise and 2 and 4 h post-exercise. Permeability increased in the Pla trial compared to that at rest (0.06 ± 0.01 vs. 0.02 ± 0.018) and did not increase in the Gln trial. Plasma endotoxin was lower at the 4-h time point in the Gln vs. 4 h in the Pla (6.715 ± 0.046 pg/ml vs. 7.952 ± 1.11 pg/ml). TNF-α was lower 4 h post-exercise in the Gln vs. Pla (1.64 ± 0.09 pg/ml vs. 1.87 ± 0.12 pg/ml). PBMC expression of IkBα was higher 4 h post-exercise in the Gln vs. 4 h in the Pla (1.29 ± 0.43 vs. 0.8892 ± 0.040). HSP70 was higher pre-exercise and 2 h post-exercise in the Gln vs. Pla (1.35 ± 0.21 vs. 1.000 ± 0.000 and 1.65 ± 0.21 vs. 1.27 ± 0.40). Acute oral glutamine supplementation prevents an exercise-induced rise in intestinal permeability and suppresses NF-κB activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Zuhl
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA,
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Subrizi A, Toropainen E, Ramsay E, Airaksinen AJ, Kaarniranta K, Urtti A. Oxidative stress protection by exogenous delivery of rhHsp70 chaperone to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a possible therapeutic strategy against RPE degeneration. Pharm Res 2014; 32:211-21. [PMID: 25030185 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the cytoprotective effects of rhHsp70 against oxidative stress and study its cellular uptake, intracellular and intraocular distribution in the retinal pigment epithelium. METHODS Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were pre-treated with rhHsp70 for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h before being exposed to 1.25 mM hydrogen peroxide. Non-treated cells served as control. We analysed interleukin 6 secretion, cell viability, and cytolysis. Uptake and intracellular distribution of fluorescently labelled rhHsp70 were investigated with flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, respectively. Ocular distribution of radioactively labelled rhHsp70 was followed ex vivo in porcine eyes by micro SPECT/CT. RESULTS After exposure to hydrogen peroxide, IL-6 secretion decreased by 35-39% when ARPE-19 cells were pre-treated with rhHsp70. Cell viability increased by 17-32%, and cell lysis, measured by the release of lactate dehydrogenase, decreased by 6-43%. ARPE-19 cells endocytosed rhHsp70 added to the culture medium and the protein was localized in late endosomes and lysosomes. Following intravitreal injection into isolated porcine eyes, we found 20% rhHsp70 in the RPE. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant hHsp70 protein offers protection against oxidative stress. RPE cells take up the exogenously delivered rhHsp70 and localize it in late endosomes and lysosomes. This work provides the basis for a therapeutic strategy to target aggregate-associated neurodegeneration in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Subrizi
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,
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Celastrol targets proteostasis and acts synergistically with a heat-shock protein 90 inhibitor to kill human glioblastoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1216. [PMID: 24810052 PMCID: PMC4047902 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a devastating disease of the central nervous system and, at present, no effective therapeutic interventions have been identified. Celastrol, a natural occurring triterpene, exhibits potent anti-tumor activity against gliomas in xenograft mouse models. In this study, we describe the cell death mechanism employed by celastrol and identify secondary targets for effective combination therapy against glioblastoma cell survival. In contrast to the previously proposed reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanism, cell death in human glioblastoma cells is shown here to be mediated by alternate signal transduction pathways involving, but not fully dependent on, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and caspase-3. Our studies indicate that celastrol promotes proteotoxic stress, supported by two feedback mechanisms: (i) impairment of protein quality control as revealed by accumulation of polyubiquitinated aggregates and the canonical autophagy substrate, p62, and (ii) the induction of heat-shock proteins, HSP72 and HSP90. The Michael adduct of celastrol and N-acetylcysteine, 6-N-acetylcysteinyldihydrocelastrol, had no effect on p62, nor on HSP72 expression, confirming a thiol-dependent mechanism. Restriction of protein folding stress with cycloheximide was protective, while combination with autophagy inhibitors did not sensitize cells to celastrol-mediated cytotoxicity. Collectively, these findings imply that celastrol targets proteostasis by disrupting sulfyhydryl homeostasis, independently of ROS, in human glioblastoma cells. This study further emphasizes that targeting proteotoxic stress responses by inhibiting HSP90 with 17-N-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin sensitizes human glioblastoma to celastrol treatment, thereby serving as a novel synergism to overcome drug resistance.
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Lu P, Sodhi CP, Hackam DJ. Toll-like receptor regulation of intestinal development and inflammation in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:81-93. [PMID: 24365655 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a structurally related family of molecules that respond to a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands, and which serve as important components of the innate immune system. While TLRs have established roles in host defense, these molecules have also been shown to play important roles in the development of various disease states. A particularly important example of the role of TLRs in disease induction includes necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which is the most common gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants, and which is associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality rates. The development of NEC is thought to reflect an abnormal interaction between microorganisms and the immature intestinal epithelium, and emerging evidence has clearly placed the spotlight on an important and exciting role for TLRs, particularly TLR4, in NEC pathogenesis. In premature infants, TLR4 signaling within the small intestinal epithelium regulates apoptosis, proliferation and migration of enterocytes, affects the differentiation of goblet cells, and reduces microcirculatory perfusion, which in combination result in the development of NEC. This review will explore the signaling properties of TLRs on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, and will examine the role of TLR4 signaling in the development of NEC. In addition, the effects of dampening TLR4 signaling using synthetic and endogenous TLR4 inhibitors and active components from amniotic fluid and human milk on NEC severity will be reviewed. In so doing, we hope to present a balanced approach to the understanding of the role of TLRs in both immunity and disease pathogenesis, and to dissect the precise roles for TLR4 in both the cause and therapeutic intervention of necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States
| | - Chhinder P Sodhi
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, United States
| | - David J Hackam
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, United States.
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Chu C, He W, Kuang Y, Ren K, Gou X. Celastrol protects kidney against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury in rats. J Surg Res 2013; 186:398-407. [PMID: 23981709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes various damages in renal tissues, which is exacerbated by hypoxia-induced excessive inflammation and deteriorates the prognosis of patients after kidney surgery. Celastrol is a potent inflammation inhibitor that has little toxicity. In this report, we investigated whether celastrol protects against IR-induced renal injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Renal IR injury was induced by occlusion of the bilateral renal pedicles for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 6 h. Celastrol or vehicle solution was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before renal ischemia, respectively. Renal histology, function, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators were assessed. The effect of celastrol on nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was also measured. RESULTS Celastrol significantly suppressed elevation of the renal function markers and the lipid peroxidation level, alleviated renal tubular damage, and decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) messenger RNA in kidney caused by IR. Moreover, celastrol prevented IR-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, which was associated with suppression of nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit p65. CONCLUSIONS Celastrol ameliorated the acute kidney injury caused by IR, which was associated with inhibiting local NF-κB activation and inflammation. Our findings suggest that celastrol could be useful for preventing IR-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Chu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kang SW, Kim MS, Kim HS, Kim Y, Shin D, Park JHY, Kang YH. Celastrol attenuates adipokine resistin-associated matrix interaction and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:398-408. [PMID: 22949384 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Obesity instigates various health problems such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. Resistin, an adipose tissue-specific secretory adipokine, operates endocrine functions through increasing insulin resistance. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) migrate into the subendothelial space and proliferate, thereby contributing to neointimal formation in atherosclerosis and restenosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether celastrol obtained from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook, inhibited human aortic SMC migration. Celastrol capable of antagonizing inflammatory responses attenuated the resistin secretion from THP-1-derived macrophages. The macrophage-conditioned media promoted SMC proliferation and MMP-2 production, which was dampened by 10-100 nM celastrol. Celastrol encumbered the SMC migration in response to 50 ng/ml resistin, concomitant with the inhibition of induction of connective tissue growth factor and collagen I/IV. In addition, celastrol disabled human aortic SMC exposed to resistin from migrating. The resistin-induced shedding of integrin β2/β3 expression was demoted by celastrol, thereby contributing to the inhibition of collagen matrix-SMC interaction. Next, resistin-induced Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) expression was abrogated by celastrol, indicating that TLR-4 was the resistin signaling receptor that was blocked by celastrol. Collectively, these results demonstrate that anti-inflammatory celastrol blunted the macrophage secretion of the adipokine resistin, and suppressed the SMC migration by disturbing the interaction between SMC and intimal collagen matrix. Therefore, celastrol may inhibit atherogenic migration of vascular SMC upon resistin loading by intimal macrophages within atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Wook Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Shao L, Zhou Z, Cai Y, Castro P, Dakhov O, Shi P, Bai Y, Ji H, Shen W, Wang J. Celastrol suppresses tumor cell growth through targeting an AR-ERG-NF-κB pathway in TMPRSS2/ERG fusion gene expressing prostate cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58391. [PMID: 23554889 PMCID: PMC3590152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The TMPRSS2/ERG (T/E) fusion gene is present in the majority of all prostate cancers (PCa). We have shown previously that NF-kB signaling is highly activated in these T/E fusion expressing cells via phosphorylation of NF-kB p65 Ser536 (p536). We therefore hypothesize that targeting NF-kB signaling may be an efficacious approach for the subgroup of PCas that carry T/E fusions. Celastrol is a well known NF-kB inhibitor, and thus may inhibit T/E fusion expressing PCa cell growth. We therefore evaluated Celastrol's effects in vitro and in vivo in VCaP cells, which express the T/E fusion gene. VCaP cells were treated with different concentrations of Celastrol and growth inhibition and target expression were evaluated. To test its ability to inhibit growth in vivo, 0.5 mg/kg Celastrol was used to treat mice bearing subcutaneous VCaP xenograft tumors. Our results show Celastrol can significantly inhibit the growth of T/E fusion expressing PCa cells both in vitro and in vivo through targeting three critical signaling pathways: AR, ERG and NF-kB in these cells. When mice received 0.5 mg/kg Celastrol for 4 times/week, significant growth inhibition was seen with no obvious toxicity or significant weight loss. Therefore, Celastrol is a promising candidate drug for T/E fusion expressing PCa. Our findings provide a novel strategy for the targeted therapy which may benefit the more than half of PCa patients who have T/E fusion expressing PCas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Shao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zhansong Zhou
- Department of Urology, South West Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Patricia Castro
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Olga Dakhov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ping Shi
- Department of Urology, South West Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoxia Bai
- Department of Urology, South West Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixiang Ji
- Department of Urology, South West Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- Department of Urology, South West Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Afrazi A, Sodhi CP, Good M, Jia H, Siggers R, Yazji I, Ma C, Neal MD, Prindle T, Grant ZS, Branca MF, Ozolek J, Chang EB, Hackam DJ. Intracellular heat shock protein-70 negatively regulates TLR4 signaling in the newborn intestinal epithelium. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4543-57. [PMID: 22461698 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of gastrointestinal-related mortality in premature infants, and it develops under conditions of exaggerated TLR4 signaling in the newborn intestinal epithelium. Because NEC does not develop spontaneously, despite the presence of seemingly tonic stimulation of intestinal TLR4, we hypothesized that mechanisms must exist to constrain TLR4 signaling that become diminished during NEC pathogenesis and focused on the intracellular stress response protein and chaperone heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70). We demonstrate that the induction of intracellular Hsp70 in enterocytes dramatically reduced TLR4 signaling, as assessed by LPS-induced NF-κB translocation, cytokine expression, and apoptosis. These findings were confirmed in vivo, using mice that either globally lacked Hsp70 or overexpressed Hsp70 within the intestinal epithelium. TLR4 activation itself significantly increased Hsp70 expression in enterocytes, which provided a mechanism of autoinhibition of TLR4 signaling in enterocytes. In seeking to define the mechanisms involved, intracellular Hsp70-mediated inhibition of TLR4 signaling required both its substrate-binding EEVD domain and association with the cochaperone CHIP, resulting in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TLR4. The expression of Hsp70 in the intestinal epithelium was significantly decreased in murine and human NEC compared with healthy controls, suggesting that loss of Hsp70 protection from TLR4 could lead to NEC. In support of this, intestinal Hsp70 overexpression in mice and pharmacologic upregulation of Hsp70 reversed TLR4-induced cytokines and enterocyte apoptosis, as well as prevented and treated experimental NEC. Thus, a novel TLR4 regulatory pathway exists within the newborn gut involving Hsp70 that may be pharmacologically activated to limit NEC severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Afrazi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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