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Rico-Mesa JS, Haloot J, Anupama BK, Atluri S, Liu J, Khalid U. The Role and Implications of COVID-19 in Incident and Prevalent Heart Failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024; 21:485-497. [PMID: 39042238 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-024-00677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the pathophysiological interactions between COVID-19 and heart failure, highlighting the exacerbation of heart failure in COVID-19 patients. It focuses on the complex mechanisms driving worse outcomes in these patients. RECENT FINDINGS Patients with pre-existing heart failure experience more severe symptoms and higher mortality rates due to mechanisms such as cytokine storms, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, microvascular dysfunction, thrombosis, and stress cardiomyopathy. Elevated biomarkers like troponin and natriuretic peptides correlate with severe disease. Long-term cardiovascular risks for COVID-19 survivors include increased incidence of heart failure, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, and cardiogenic shock. COVID-19 significantly impacts patients with pre-existing heart failure, leading to severe symptoms and higher mortality. Elevated cardiac biomarkers are indicators of severe disease. Acute and long-term cardiovascular complications are common, calling for ongoing research into targeted therapies and improved management strategies to better prevent, diagnose, and treat heart failure in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin Haloot
- Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - B K Anupama
- Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Suman Atluri
- Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Umair Khalid
- Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Plastiras OE, Bouquet P, Raczkiewicz I, Belouzard S, Martin De Fourchambault E, Dhainaut J, Dacquin JP, Goffard A, Volkringer C. Virucidal activity of porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks against highly pathogenic coronaviruses and hepatitis C virus. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101165. [PMID: 39221218 PMCID: PMC11364898 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The antiviral effect of four porphyrin-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (PMOFs) with Al and Zr, namely Al-TCPP, PCN-222, PCN-223 and PCN-224 was assessed for the first time against HCoV-229E, two highly pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Infection tests in vitro were done under dark or light exposure for different contact times, and it was found that 15 min of light exposure were enough to give antiviral properties to the materials, therefore inactivating HCoV-229E by 99.98 % and 99.96 % for Al-TCPP and PCN-222. Al-TCPP diminished the viral titer of SARS-CoV-2 greater than PCN-222 in the same duration of light exposure, having an effect of 99.95 % and 93.48 % respectively. Next, Al-TCPP was chosen as the best candidate possessing antiviral properties and was tested against MERS-CoV and HCV, showcasing a reduction of infectivity of 99.28 % and 98.15 % respectively for each virus. The mechanism of the antiviral activity of the four PMOFs was found to be the production of singlet oxygen 1O2 from the porphyrin ligand TCPP when exposed to visible light, by using sodium azide (NaN3) as a scavenger, that can later attack the phospholipids on the envelope of the viruses, thus preventing their entry into the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orfeas-Evangelos Plastiras
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, F-59000, Lille, France
- U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Peggy Bouquet
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Imelda Raczkiewicz
- U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Belouzard
- U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Esther Martin De Fourchambault
- U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Jeremy Dhainaut
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Dacquin
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne Goffard
- U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Volkringer
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, F-59000, Lille, France
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Wang F, Zhao H, Mou Q, Du ZQ, Yang CX. Metabolite of esculetin plays an important role in cytotoxic effects induced by chloroquine on porcine immature Sertoli cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 101:105941. [PMID: 39278285 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) is widely used in the therapy against malarial, tumor and recently the COVID-19 pandemic, as a lysosomotropic agent to inhibit the endolysosomal trafficking in the autophagy pathway. We previously reported that CQ (20 μM, 36 h) could reprogram transcriptome, and impair multiple signaling pathways vital to porcine immature Sertoli cells (iSCs). However, whether CQ treatment could affect the metabolomic compositions of porcine iSCs remains unclear. Here, we showed that CQ (20 μM, 36 h) treatment of porcine iSCs induced significant changes of 63 metabolites (11 up and 52 down) by the metabolomics method, which were involved in different metabolic pathways. Caffeic acid and esculetin, the top two up-regulated metabolites, were validated by ELISA. The combined analysis of metabolomics and transcriptome showed caffeic acid and esculetin to be highly correlated with multiple differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including Ndrg1, S100a8, Sqstm1, S100a12, S100a9, Ill1, Lif, Ntn4 and Peg10. Furthermore, esculetin treatment (53 nM, 36 h) significantly decreased the viability and proliferation, suppressed the mitochondrial function, whereas promoted the apoptosis of porcine iSCs, similar to those by CQ treatment (20 μM, 36 h). Collectively, our results showed that CQ treatment induces metabolic changes, and its effect on porcine iSCs could be partially mediated by esculetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Han Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Qiao Mou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
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Rilievo G, Boscolo S, Pettenuzzo S, Matozzo V, Fabrello J, Roverso M, Bogialli S. From a validated targeted method to a retrospective UHPLC-HRMS non-targeted analysis unveiling COVID-19-related contaminants in clams. Have we bias in marine model organisms for ecotoxicological studies? CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:142994. [PMID: 39098345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
This study explores a retrospective non-targeted analysis (NTA), based on Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), to assess hidden chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in marine model organisms. Conventional ecotoxicological studies do not include evaluating the natural habitats of the collected organisms, missing the possibility of highlighting unexpected pollutants, and thus compromising the correctness and reliability of the experimental results. In this paper we reprocessed samples previously collected from the Venice Lagoon for ecotoxicological studies and used for targeted analysis of three bisphenols-related compounds (i.e. BPS, BPF and BPAF) on seawater and specimens of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Results from the validation were the following: accuracy, expressed as percentage recoveries (R%), in the range 80%
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Rilievo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Samuele Boscolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Pettenuzzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35135, Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Fabrello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Roverso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Kundrapu DB, Chaitanya AK, Manaswi K, Kumari S, Malla R. Quercetin and taxifolin inhibits TMPRSS2 activity and its interaction with EGFR in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells: An in silico and in vitro study. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 104:e14600. [PMID: 39075030 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Transmembrane protease/serine (TMPRSS2), a type II transmembrane serine protease, plays a crucial role in different stages of cancer. Recent studies have reported that the triggering epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation through protease action promotes metastasis. However, there are no reports on the interaction of TMPRSS2 with EGFR, especially in triple-negative triple negative (TNBC). The current study investigates the unexplored interaction between TMPRSS2 and EGFR, which are key partners mediating metastasis. This interaction is explored for potential targeting using quercetin (QUE) and taxifolin (TAX). TMPRSS2 expression patterns in breast cancer (BC) tissues and subtypes have been predicted, with the prognostic significance assessed using the GENT2.0 database. Validation of TMPRSS2 expression was performed in normal and TNBC tissues, including drug-resistant cell lines, utilizing GEO datasets. TMPRSS2 was further validated as a predictive biomarker for FDA-approved chemotherapeutics through transcriptomic data from BC patients. The study demonstrated the association of TMPRSS2 with EGFR through in silico analysis and validates the findings in TNBC cohorts using the TIMER2.0 web server and the TCGA dataset through C-Bioportal. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies identified QUE and TAX as best leads targeting TMPRSS2. They inhibited cell-free TMPRSS2 activity like clinical inhibitor of TMPRSS2, Camostat mesylate. In cell-based assays focused on paclitaxel-resistant TNBC (TNBC/PR), QUE and TAX demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against extracellular and membrane-bound TMPRSS2, with low IC50 values. Furthermore, ELISA and cell-based AlphaLISA assays demonstrated that QUE and TAX inhibit the interaction of TMPRSS2 with EGFR. Additionally, QUE and TAX exhibited significant inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle accompanied by notable alterations in the morphology of TNBC/PR cells. This study provides valuable insights into potential of QUE and TAX targeting TMPRSS2 overexpressing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Bhavani Kundrapu
- Cancer Biology, Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amajala Krishna Chaitanya
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kothapalli Manaswi
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Cancer Biology, Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology, Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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6
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Lai HY, Fan KC, Lee YH, Lew WZ, Lai WY, Lee SY, Chang WJ, Huang HM. Using a static magnetic field to attenuate the severity in COVID-19-invaded lungs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16830. [PMID: 39039227 PMCID: PMC11263632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Two important factors affecting the progress of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are the S-protein binding function of ACE2 receptors and the membrane fluidity of host cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) on S-protein/ACE2 binding and cellular membrane fluidity of lung cells, and was performed in vitro using a Calu-3 cell model and in vivo using an animal model. The ability of ACE2 receptors to bind to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on host cell surfaces under SMF stimulation was evaluated using fluorescence images. Host lung cell membrane fluidity was tested using fluorescence polarization to determine the effects of SMF. Our results indicate that 0.4 T SMF can affect binding between S-protein and ACE2 receptors and increase Calu-3 cell membrane fluidity, and that SMF exposure attenuates LPS-induced alveolar wall thickening in mice. These results may be of value for developing future non-contact, non-invasive, and low side-effect treatments to reduce disease severity in COVID-19-invaded lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yu Lai
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Fan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Wan Fang Hospital, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 912301, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhen Lew
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112062, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Wan Fang Hospital, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Mohamed AA, Abdallah AA, Jan YK. Role of Enhancing Aerobic Capacity in Countering COVID-19-induced Liver Injury in Elderlies. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:418-429. [PMID: 37937559 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303250788231018080821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is still a world disaster; however, its vaccination is globally available. Liver and gastrointestinal disturbances occur in patients infected with COVID-19 at varying incidences. Aging decreases the functions of the liver. Thus, the elderly have a weaker response to the COVID-19 virus. The COVID-19 virus affects the liver directly through direct and indirect mechanisms. It directly affects the renin-angiotensin system or indirectly causes sepsis, uncontrolled immune reactions, drug-related hepatic injury, and cytokine storm. Also, COVID-19 vaccines and anti-drugs have adverse effects on the liver too. Thus, this review explores the effect of enhancing aerobic capacity as a nonpharmacological intervention on decreasing COVID- 19-induced liver injury. Enhancing aerobic capacity decreases COVID-19-induced liver injury through the following: 1) downregulating systemic and tissue ACE/ANG II/AT1R axis, upregulating ACE2/ANG 1-7/Mas axis, and moving the renin-angiotensin system to the direction of the ACE2/ANG (1-7)/Mas axis, 2) Improving mitochondrial function and oxygenation to body and lung tissues, causing a decrease in harmful oxidative reactions, 3) Increasing the processing of accumulated free radicals and inhibiting the acute respiratory distress syndrome, 4) Acting as an antioxidant to protect the liver from oxidative stress, 5) Increasing the effect of antiviral drugs and COVID-19 vaccines, which improves the function of immune biomarkers, decreases the viral load, and increases the body's defense against the virus, 6) Decreasing coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis. In conclusion, enhancing aerobic capacity may be an efficient nonpharmacological intervention to decrease COVID-19-induced liver injury in elderlies and regenerate the liver to its normal status after being infected by the COVID-19 virus. It also helps to strengthen the body's immunity for better effects of both COVID-19 vaccination and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Mohamed
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abdallah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Yih-Kuen Jan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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Schimunek J, Seidl P, Elez K, Hempel T, Le T, Noé F, Olsson S, Raich L, Winter R, Gokcan H, Gusev F, Gutkin EM, Isayev O, Kurnikova MG, Narangoda CH, Zubatyuk R, Bosko IP, Furs KV, Karpenko AD, Kornoushenko YV, Shuldau M, Yushkevich A, Benabderrahmane MB, Bousquet-Melou P, Bureau R, Charton B, Cirou BC, Gil G, Allen WJ, Sirimulla S, Watowich S, Antonopoulos N, Epitropakis N, Krasoulis A, Itsikalis V, Theodorakis S, Kozlovskii I, Maliutin A, Medvedev A, Popov P, Zaretckii M, Eghbal-Zadeh H, Halmich C, Hochreiter S, Mayr A, Ruch P, Widrich M, Berenger F, Kumar A, Yamanishi Y, Zhang KYJ, Bengio E, Bengio Y, Jain MJ, Korablyov M, Liu CH, Marcou G, Glaab E, Barnsley K, Iyengar SM, Ondrechen MJ, Haupt VJ, Kaiser F, Schroeder M, Pugliese L, Albani S, Athanasiou C, Beccari A, Carloni P, D'Arrigo G, Gianquinto E, Goßen J, Hanke A, Joseph BP, Kokh DB, Kovachka S, Manelfi C, Mukherjee G, Muñiz-Chicharro A, Musiani F, Nunes-Alves A, Paiardi G, Rossetti G, Sadiq SK, Spyrakis F, Talarico C, Tsengenes A, Wade RC, Copeland C, Gaiser J, Olson DR, Roy A, Venkatraman V, Wheeler TJ, Arthanari H, Blaschitz K, Cespugli M, Durmaz V, Fackeldey K, Fischer PD, Gorgulla C, Gruber C, Gruber K, Hetmann M, Kinney JE, Padmanabha Das KM, Pandita S, Singh A, Steinkellner G, Tesseyre G, Wagner G, Wang ZF, Yust RJ, Druzhilovskiy DS, Filimonov DA, Pogodin PV, Poroikov V, Rudik AV, Stolbov LA, Veselovsky AV, De Rosa M, De Simone G, Gulotta MR, Lombino J, Mekni N, Perricone U, Casini A, Embree A, Gordon DB, Lei D, Pratt K, Voigt CA, Chen KY, Jacob Y, Krischuns T, Lafaye P, Zettor A, Rodríguez ML, White KM, Fearon D, Von Delft F, Walsh MA, Horvath D, Brooks CL, Falsafi B, Ford B, García-Sastre A, Yup Lee S, Naffakh N, Varnek A, Klambauer G, Hermans TM. A community effort in SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery. Mol Inform 2024; 43:e202300262. [PMID: 37833243 PMCID: PMC11299051 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a substantial threat to human lives and is likely to do so for years to come. Despite the availability of vaccines, searching for efficient small-molecule drugs that are widely available, including in low- and middle-income countries, is an ongoing challenge. In this work, we report the results of an open science community effort, the "Billion molecules against COVID-19 challenge", to identify small-molecule inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 or relevant human receptors. Participating teams used a wide variety of computational methods to screen a minimum of 1 billion virtual molecules against 6 protein targets. Overall, 31 teams participated, and they suggested a total of 639,024 molecules, which were subsequently ranked to find 'consensus compounds'. The organizing team coordinated with various contract research organizations (CROs) and collaborating institutions to synthesize and test 878 compounds for biological activity against proteases (Nsp5, Nsp3, TMPRSS2), nucleocapsid N, RdRP (only the Nsp12 domain), and (alpha) spike protein S. Overall, 27 compounds with weak inhibition/binding were experimentally identified by binding-, cleavage-, and/or viral suppression assays and are presented here. Open science approaches such as the one presented here contribute to the knowledge base of future drug discovery efforts in finding better SARS-CoV-2 treatments.
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Kumar V, Sari AN, Gupta D, Ishida Y, Terao K, Kaul SC, Vrati S, Sundar D, Wadhwa R. Anti-COVID-19 Potential of Withaferin-A and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:830-842. [PMID: 38279743 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266280720231221100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic triggered research on the development of new vaccines/drugs, repurposing of clinically approved drugs, and assessment of natural anti-COVID-19 compounds. Based on the gender difference in the severity of the disease, such as a higher number of men hospitalized and in intense care units, variations in sex hormones have been predicted to play a role in disease susceptibility. Cell surface receptors (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; ACE2 and a connected transmembrane protease serine 2- TMPSS2) are upregulated by androgens. Conversely, androgen antagonists have also been shown to lower ACE2 levels, implying their usefulness in COVID-19 management. OBJECTIVES In this study, we performed computational and cell-based assays to investigate the anti- COVID-19 potential of Withaferin-A and Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, natural compounds from Withania somnifera and honeybee propolis, respectively. METHODS Structure-based computational approach was adopted to predict binding stability, interactions, and dynamics of the two test compounds to three target proteins (androgen receptor, ACE2, and TMPRSS2). Further, in vitro, cell-based experimental approaches were used to investigate the effect of compounds on target protein expression and SARS-CoV-2 replication. RESULTS Computation and experimental analyses revealed that (i) CAPE, but not Wi-A, can act as androgen antagonist and hence inhibit the transcriptional activation function of androgen receptor, (ii) while both Wi-A and CAPE could interact with ACE2 and TMPRSS2, Wi-A showed higher binding affinity, and (iii) combination of Wi-A and CAPE (Wi-ACAPE) caused strong downregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression and inhibition of virus infection. CONCLUSION Wi-A and CAPE possess multimodal anti-COVID-19 potential, and their combination (Wi-ACAPE) is expected to provide better activity and hence warrant further attention in the laboratory and clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Kumar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Anissa Nofita Sari
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Dharmender Gupta
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, 121 001, India
| | - Yoshiyuki Ishida
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe, 6500047, Japan
| | - Keiji Terao
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe, 6500047, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Sudhanshu Vrati
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, 121 001, India
| | - Durai Sundar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan
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Zhou S, Wang K, Hu Z, Chen T, Dong Y, Gao R, Wu M, Li Y, Ji X. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of a novel class of quinazoline derivatives as coronavirus inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115831. [PMID: 37813064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
There remain great unmet needs to treat coronavirus infections in clinic, and the development of novel antiviral agents is highly demanded. In this work, a phenotypic screening against our in-house compound library identified several cajanine derivatives with moderate antiviral activity against HCoV-OC43. Based on the scaffold of cajanine, a series of quinazoline derivatives were designed employing a scaffold-hopping strategy. After an iterative structural optimization campaign, several quinazoline derivatives with potent antiviral efficacy (EC50: ∼0.1 μM) and high selectivity (SI > 1000) were successfully identified. The preliminary mechanism of action study indicated that such quinazoline derivatives functioned at the early stage of infection. In aggregate, this work delivered a new chemical type of coronavirus inhibitors, which could be employed not only for further development of antiviral drugs but also as important chemical tools to delineate the target of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 15021, China
| | - Kun Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 15021, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 15021, China
| | - Yao Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 15021, China
| | - Rongmei Gao
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Wu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xingyue Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 15021, China.
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11
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Rosli NB, Kwon HJ, Jeong JS. Simultaneous quantification method for multiple antiviral drugs in serum using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1231:123925. [PMID: 37992562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the simultaneous quantification of six antiviral drugs in serum based on high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The target drugs-hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, favipiravir, umifenovir, ritonavir, and lopinavir-were extracted and purified from serum with 75 % v/v methanol as the precipitant reagent. The six analytes were clearly separated within 15 min using gradient elution and mixed-mode stationary phase. The measurement accuracy and precision were assured by adopting isotopes as internal standards. The optimized measurement procedure was strictly validated in linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. To confirm the robustness of the method in matrix, the method was additionally applied to various types of serum, namely hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic serum. The method was then applied to assess the stability of the drugs in serum in order to set sample handling and storage guides for laboratory testing. Lastly, the method was implemented in different LC-MS systems to confirm its applicability across similar equipment commonly used in clinical testing laboratories. The overall results show that the optimized protocol is suitable for the accurate, simultaneous quantification of the six antiviral drugs in serum, and it is anticipated to satisfactorily serve as a reference protocol for the analysis of a wide range of other antiviral drugs for drug monitoring with various purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nordiana Binti Rosli
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Drug and Toxicology Lab, Department of Pathology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia
| | - Ha-Jeong Kwon
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Jeong
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Khalil A, Mohamed A, Hassan M, Magboul S, Ali H, Elmasoudi AS, Ellithy K, Qusad M, Alhothi A, Al Maslamani E, Al Amri M, Soliman A. Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir in Hospitalized Pediatric COVID-19: A Retrospective Case-Controlled Study. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2023; 19:949-958. [PMID: 38023628 PMCID: PMC10680468 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s432565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While most children experience mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, a minority of cases progress to severe or critical illness. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Remdesivir (RDV) therapy in children with moderate to severe COVID-19, enhancing clinical decision-making and expanding our understanding of antiviral treatments for pediatric patients. Methods The study included 60 patients, 38 receiving RDV treatment and 22 serving as the control group. Data was collected retrospectively from January 2021 to January 2022 through electronic hospital records. Results Regarding the main clinical symptoms reported, most patients experienced Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (93.3%), indicating respiratory involvement. Additional symptoms included Central Nervous System (11.7%) and Gastrointestinal (10.0%). Among the 38 cases in the RDV group included in the study, the adverse effects associated with using RDV: Hypoalbuminemia in 19 cases (50.0%) and anemia in 18 cases (47.4%), making them the most common adverse effects. Only one case in the RDV group experienced non-RDV-related death with a different clinical diagnosis. The results showed that RDV treatment was well-tolerated in pediatric patients, with no significant differences in hospital stay and oxygen treatment compared to the control group with P values (0.2, 0.18), respectively. Conclusion The outcomes indicate that Remdesivir may represent a safe and therapeutic choice for children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Khalil
- Section of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy Department, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa Mohamed
- Section of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy Department, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manasik Hassan
- Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samar Magboul
- Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hossamaldein Ali
- Section of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy Department, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Salah Elmasoudi
- Section of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy Department, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Ellithy
- Section of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Qusad
- Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Alhothi
- Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eman Al Maslamani
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ashraf Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Kushwaha ND, Mohan J, Kushwaha B, Ghazi T, Nwabuife JC, Koorbanally N, Chuturgoon AA. A comprehensive review on the global efforts on vaccines and repurposed drugs for combating COVID-19. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115719. [PMID: 37597435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The recently discovered coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2, is a highly contagious and potentially lethal viral infection that was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Since the beginning of the pandemic, an unprecedented number of COVID-19 vaccine candidates have been investigated for their potential to manage the pandemic. Herein, we reviewed vaccine development and the associated research effort, both traditional and forward-looking, to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of their technology, in addition to their efficacy limitations against mutant SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we report repurposed drug discovery, which mainly focuses on virus-based and host-based targets, as well as their inhibitors. SARS-CoV-2 targets include the main protease (Mpro), and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp), which are the most well-studied and conserved across coronaviruses, enabling the development of broad-spectrum inhibitors of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narva Deshwar Kushwaha
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Jivanka Mohan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Babita Kushwaha
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Joshua C Nwabuife
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Neil Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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14
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Taylor JV, Callery EL, Rowbottom A. Optimisation of SARS-CoV-2 peptide stimulation and measurement of cytokine output by intracellular flow cytometry and bio-plex analysis. J Immunol Methods 2023; 522:113556. [PMID: 37683822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Our study was conducted to optimise a peptide stimulation and an intracellular cytokine staining protocol, alongside Bio-Plex supernatant analysis, for use in patients who had previously contracted SARS-CoV-2 or received vaccination against this virus in a clinical laboratory setting. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell extraction and cryopreservation allowed for cells to be stored long term and enhanced logistical processing of samples. Viability and functionality of cells were analysed by flow cytometric methodology using viability staining monoclonal antibodies conjugated to fluorochromes. Antibiotics and Benzonase Nuclease did not impact lymphocyte viability and so cell culture conditions were optimised in terms of retaining viability and functionality. Optimisation of peptide stimulation with Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools was conducted through stimulation experiments assessing peptide concentration, peptide stimulation time and enrichment studies to increase precursor frequency. Cytokine output was measured by flow cytometry and Bio-Plex methodologies, with positive cytokine readings predominantly detected in the cell culture supernatant. Analysis of both intracellular and extracellular compartments allowed for detection of cytokines and established the retained cellular functionality post cryopreservation. These results also indicated that our peptide stimulation method can generate antigen-specific T lymphocytes upon exposure to SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools. Moreover, the measurement of specific cytokines could be applied to an array of conditions, such as chronic inflammatory diseases, but to also offer an alternative method of measuring vaccine responses. This platform is easily adaptable and can remain relevant alongside changing vaccine composition, thus ensuring its applicability to future vaccination programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony Rowbottom
- Immunology Department at Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom
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15
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Aina OO, Okoyenta OC, Okolo CA, Kareem KO, Ajibaye O, Adeogun AO, Salako BL. Acute and subacute oral toxicity characterization and safety assessment of COVID organics ® (Madagascar's Anti-COVID Herbal Tea) in animal models. Ann Afr Med 2023; 22:481-488. [PMID: 38358149 PMCID: PMC10775938 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_112_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. No drug has been generally approved as safe and effective for the treatment of COVID-19. Several therapeutic agents such as COVID Organics® (CVO) have been explored as treatment options. CVO is an herbal tea composed of 62% of Artemisia annua and 38% of other plants. There is presently no existing scientific report and data on the safety and efficacy of CVO herbal drug. Thus, acute and subacute toxicity studies were undertaken to evaluate the safety and toxicity of CVO on short- and long-term usage in animal models. Materials and Methods Phytochemical and nutritional compositions of CVO were determined using standard methods. Acute oral toxicity was investigated using female Swiss albino mice (three per group). While subacute oral toxicity was done using female and male Swiss albino rats (five per group). The animals were administered 2000 mg/kg, 5000 mg/kg, therapeutic dose; 5500 mg/kg and supratherapeutic dose; 11,000 mg/kg of CVO herbal product. The control group received water ad libitum. The oral toxicity studies were done in accordance with Organization for Economic Corporation and Development guidelines. The experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (Ethics No. IRB/17/043). Results CVO is rich in antioxidants: flavonoids (10.3%), tannins (29.1%), and phenolics (434.4 mg). It contains proteins (33.8%), carbohydrates (34.5%), fat (6.8%), and fiber (0.5%). In the acute toxicity study, no mortality was recorded in all the treated and untreated groups. The lethal dose of CVO is >5000 mg/kg body weight. The hematological, biochemical, lipid profile, and histologic parameters were all normal at therapeutic doses when compared to the control group. Conclusion The acute and subacute oral toxicity studies revealed that CVO is not toxic. The specific organ toxicity evaluations also indicated that CVO has no toxic effects on blood parameters and vital organs structure and function at therapeutic dose. Thus, CVO is safe for short- and long-term usage. We recommend that CVO should be subjected to efficacy studies to investigate whether it is effective for COVID-19 treatment as claimed by the manufacturer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwagbemiga Olarewaju Aina
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Research in Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Onyinye Celestina Okoyenta
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Research in Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Clemen Abu Okolo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Kafilat Olaide Kareem
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Research in Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Ajibaye
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Research in Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adedapo O. Adeogun
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Research in Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde L. Salako
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Research in Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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16
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Borhani SG, Levine MZ, Krumpe LH, Wilson J, Henrich CJ, O'Keefe BR, Lo DC, Sittampalam GS, Godfrey AG, Lunsford RD, Mangalampalli V, Tao D, LeClair CA, Thole AP, Frey D, Swartz J, Rao G. An approach to rapid distributed manufacturing of broad spectrum anti-viral griffithsin using cell-free systems to mitigate pandemics. N Biotechnol 2023; 76:13-22. [PMID: 37054948 PMCID: PMC10330340 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the cell-free biomanufacturing of a broad-spectrum antiviral protein, griffithsin (GRFT) such that it can be produced in microgram quantities with consistent purity and potency in less than 24 h. We demonstrate GRFT production using two independent cell-free systems, one plant and one microbial. Griffithsin purity and quality were verified using standard regulatory metrics. Efficacy was demonstrated in vitro against SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 and was nearly identical to that of GRFT expressed in vivo. The proposed production process is efficient and can be readily scaled up and deployed wherever a viral pathogen might emerge. The current emergence of viral variants of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in frequent updating of existing vaccines and loss of efficacy for front-line monoclonal antibody therapies. Proteins such as GRFT with its efficacious and broad virus neutralizing capability provide a compelling pandemic mitigation strategy to promptly suppress viral emergence at the source of an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan G Borhani
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Max Z Levine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Lauren H Krumpe
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jennifer Wilson
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Curtis J Henrich
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Barry R O'Keefe
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Donald C Lo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - G Sitta Sittampalam
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Alexander G Godfrey
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - R Dwayne Lunsford
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Venkata Mangalampalli
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Dingyin Tao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Christopher A LeClair
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Aaron P Thole
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Douglas Frey
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - James Swartz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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17
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Li Y, Touret F, de Lamballerie X, Nguyen M, Laurent M, Benoit-Vical F, Robert A, Liu Y, Meunier B. Hybrid molecules based on an emodin scaffold. Synthesis and activity against SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7382-7394. [PMID: 37655748 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01122d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the Covid-19 epidemic, it has been clear that the availability of small and affordable drugs that are able to efficiently control viral infections in humans is still a challenge in medicinal chemistry. The synthesis and biological activities of a series of hybrid molecules that combine an emodin moiety and other structural moieties expected to act as possible synergistic pharmacophores in a single molecule were studied. Emodin has been reported to block the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into human cells and might also inhibit cytokine production, resulting in the reduction of pulmonary injury induced by SARS-CoV-2. The pharmacophore associated with emodin was either a polyamine residue (emodin-PA series), a choice driven by the fact that a natural alkyl PA like spermine and spermidine play regulatory roles in immune cell functions, or a diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative of the norchlorcyclizine series (emoxyzine series). In fact, diphenylmethylpiperazine antagonists of the H1 histamine receptor display activity against several viruses by multiple interrelated mechanisms. In the emoxyzine series, the most potent drug against SARS-CoV-2 was (R)-emoxyzine-2, with an EC50 value = 1.9 μM, which is in the same range as that of the reference drug remdesivir. However, the selectivity index was rather low, indicating that the dissociation of antiviral potency and cytotoxicity remains a challenge. In addition, since emodin was also reported to be a relatively high-affinity inhibitor of the virulence regulator FIKK kinase from the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax, the antimalarial activity of the synthesized hybrid compounds has been evaluated. However, these molecules cannot efficiently compete with the currently used antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Li
- Education Mega Center, Guangdong University of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
- New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Franck Touret
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Michel Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
- New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Marion Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
- New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Françoise Benoit-Vical
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
- New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Anne Robert
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
- New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Yan Liu
- Education Mega Center, Guangdong University of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Bernard Meunier
- Education Mega Center, Guangdong University of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
- New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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18
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Frumenzio G, Chandramouli B, Besker N, Grottesi A, Talarico C, Frigerio F, Emerson A, Musiani F. Conformational response to ligand binding of TMPRSS2, a protease involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Insights through computational modeling. Proteins 2023; 91:1288-1297. [PMID: 37409524 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the considerable research which has been undertaken in the last few years to improve our understanding of the biology and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2, we know how the virus uses its surface spike protein to infect host cells. The transmembrane prosthesis, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) protein, located on the surface of human cells, recognizes the cleavage site in the spike protein, leading to the release of the fusion peptide and entry of the virus into the host cells. Because of its role, TMPRSS2 has been proposed as a drug target to prevent infection by the virus. In this study, we aim to increase our understanding of TMPRSS2 using long scale microsecond atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, focusing on the conformational changes over time. The comparison between simulations conducted on the protein in the native (apo) and inhibited form (holo), has shown that in the holo form the inhibitor stabilizes the catalytic site and induces rearrangements in the extracellular domain of the protein. In turn, it leads to the formation of a new cavity in the vicinity of the ligand binding pocket that is stable in the microsecond time scale. Given the low specificity of known protease inhibitors, these findings suggest a new potential drug target site that can be used to improve TMPRSS2 specific recognition by newly designed inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Frumenzio
- Super Computing Applications and Innovation, Department HPC, CINECA, Casalecchio di Reno, Italy
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Emerson
- Super Computing Applications and Innovation, Department HPC, CINECA, Casalecchio di Reno, Italy
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Sha A, Liu Y, Hao H. Current state-of-the-art and potential future therapeutic drugs against COVID-19. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1238027. [PMID: 37691829 PMCID: PMC10485263 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1238027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to endanger human health, and its therapeutic drugs are under intensive research and development. Identifying the efficacy and toxicity of drugs in animal models is helpful for further screening of effective medications, which is also a prerequisite for drugs to enter clinical trials. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) invades host cells mainly by the S protein on its surface. After the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome is injected into the cells, M protein will help assemble and release new viruses. RdRp is crucial for virus replication, assembly, and release of new virus particles. This review analyzes and discusses 26 anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs based on their mechanism of action, effectiveness and safety in different animal models. We propose five drugs to be the most promising to enter the next stage of clinical trial research, thus providing a reference for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailong Sha
- School of Teacher Education, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyan Hao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing, China
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20
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Qi W, Zhai D, Song D, Liu C, Yang J, Sun L, Li Y, Li X, Deng W. Optimized synthesis of anti-COVID-19 drugs aided by retrosynthesis software. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1254-1259. [PMID: 37484565 PMCID: PMC10357945 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00444e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the millions of COVID-19 patients worldwide, a global critical challenge of low-cost and efficient anti-COVID-19 drug production has emerged. Favipiravir is one of the potential anti-COVID-19 drugs, but its original synthetic route with 7 harsh steps gives a low product yield (0.8%) and has a high cost ($68 per g). Herein, we demonstrated a low-cost and efficient synthesis route for favipiravir designed using improved retrosynthesis software, which involves only 3 steps under safe and near-ambient air conditions. A yield of 32% and cost of $1.54 per g were achieved by this synthetic route. We also used the same strategy to optimize the synthesis of sabizabulin. We anticipate that these synthetic routes will contribute to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Qi
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhai
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Danna Song
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Junxia Yang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Weiqiao Deng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
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21
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Zhou H, Xu M, Hu P, Li Y, Ren C, Li M, Pan Y, Wang S, Liu X. Identifying hub genes and common biological pathways between COVID-19 and benign prostatic hyperplasia by machine learning algorithms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172724. [PMID: 37426635 PMCID: PMC10328422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19, a serious respiratory disease that has the potential to affect numerous organs, is a serious threat to the health of people around the world. The objective of this article is to investigate the potential biological targets and mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 affects benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and related symptoms. Methods We downloaded the COVID-19 datasets (GSE157103 and GSE166253) and the BPH datasets (GSE7307 and GSE132714) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In GSE157103 and GSE7307, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found using the "Limma" package, and the intersection was utilized to obtain common DEGs. Further analyses followed, including those using Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Potential hub genes were screened using three machine learning methods, and they were later verified using GSE132714 and GSE166253. The CIBERSORT analysis and the identification of transcription factors, miRNAs, and drugs as candidates were among the subsequent analyses. Results We identified 97 common DEGs from GSE157103 and GSE7307. According to the GO and KEGG analyses, the primary gene enrichment pathways were immune-related pathways. Machine learning methods were used to identify five hub genes (BIRC5, DNAJC4, DTL, LILRB2, and NDC80). They had good diagnostic properties in the training sets and were validated in the validation sets. According to CIBERSORT analysis, hub genes were closely related to CD4 memory activated of T cells, T cells regulatory and NK cells activated. The top 10 drug candidates (lucanthone, phytoestrogens, etoposide, dasatinib, piroxicam, pyrvinium, rapamycin, niclosamide, genistein, and testosterone) will also be evaluated by the P value, which is expected to be helpful for the treatment of COVID-19-infected patients with BPH. Conclusion Our findings reveal common signaling pathways, possible biological targets, and promising small molecule drugs for BPH and COVID-19. This is crucial to understand the potential common pathogenic and susceptibility pathways between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuezheng Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Congzhe Ren
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Muwei Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shangren Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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22
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Talukder P, Saha A, Roy S, Ghosh G, Roy DD, Barua S. Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment: A New Challenge. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:3653-3670. [PMID: 36961509 PMCID: PMC10037400 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 infection is a new disease and our knowledge is limited; day in and day out more and more interesting yet diverse observations are reported by the different research groups from different corners of the world. So, there is an urgent requirement of the invention of some effective and efficient drugs that can carry out the end of the deadly viral infection. Throughout the world, there have been many efforts carried out in different labs to invent such a drug and also identifying any pre-existing drugs which can carry out the killing of the virus. In this review, an effort has been made to understand the potential drugs which can be used against the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Again, the strategies on the current and the future drug discovery mechanisms against the SARS-CoV-2 are also mentioned. The different drugs made and the drugs re-used and also the drugs which are in the making process in different research laboratories across the world are also mentioned. To combat this unexpected crisis, we still need some more efforts from the different scientific communities around the world for finding a cure against this viral infection and this is needed to be done for the prevention of more loss of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Talukder
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India.
| | - Arunima Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Sohini Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Gargi Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Debshikha Dutta Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Snejuti Barua
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
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23
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Synthesis and anti-SARS-CoV-2 evaluation of lipid prodrugs of β-D- N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) and a 3′-fluoro-substituted analogue of NHC. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106527. [PMID: 37031504 PMCID: PMC10076076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC, EIDD-1931) is a nucleoside analogue that exhibits broad spectrum antiviral activity against a variety of RNA viruses. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of lipid prodrugs of NHC and a novel 3′-fluoro modified NHC analogue, and evaluation of their antiviral activity against five variants of SARS-CoV-2. All lipid prodrugs showed potent antiviral activity against the tested SARS-CoV-2 variants with EC50 values in the range of 0.31–3.51 μM, which were comparable to those of NHC or higher than those of remdesivir and molnupiravir. An increase in the cytostatic activity of the lipid prodrugs was found, but prodrug 2d proved equally selective as molnupinavir. The 3′-F analogue of NHC (6) only displayed minor antiviral activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (EC50 = 29.91 μM), while no activity was found for other variants at the highest concentration tested. The promising antiviral data of the lipid prodrugs of NHC suggest that they deserve further investigation as new anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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24
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Patel S, Hasan H, Umraliya D, Sanapalli BKR, Yele V. Marine drugs as putative inhibitors against non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2: an in silico study. J Mol Model 2023; 29:176. [PMID: 37171714 PMCID: PMC10176293 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an unprecedented pandemic, threatening human health worldwide. The need to produce novel small-molecule inhibitors against the ongoing pandemic has resulted in the use of drugs such as chloroquine, azithromycin, dexamethasone, favipiravir, ribavirin, remdesivir and azithromycin. Moreover, the reports of the clinical trials of these drugs proved to produce detrimental effects on patients with side effects like nephrotoxicity, retinopathy, cardiotoxicity and cardiomyopathy. Recognizing the need for effective and non-harmful therapeutic candidates to combat COVID-19, we aimed to develop promising drugs against SARS-COV-2. DISCUSSION In the current investigation, high-throughput virtual screening was performed using the Comprehensive Marine Natural Products Database against five non-structural proteins: Nsp3, Nsp5, Nsp12, Nsp13 and Nsp15. Furthermore, standard precision (SP) docking, extra precision (XP) docking, binding free energy calculation and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity studies were performed using the Schrӧdinger suite. The top-ranked 5 hits obtained by computational studies exhibited to possess a greater binding affinity with the selected non-structural proteins. Amongst the five hits, CMNPD5804, CMNPD20924 and CMNPD1598 hits were utilized to design a novel molecule (D) that has the capability of interacting with all the key residues in the pocket of the selected non-structural proteins. Furthermore, 200 ns of molecular dynamics simulation studies provided insight into the binding modes of D within the catalytic pocket of selected proteins. CONCLUSION Hence, it is concluded that compound D could be a promising inhibitor against these non-structural proteins. Nevertheless, there is still a need to conduct in vitro and in vivo studies to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360003, India
| | - Haydara Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360003, India
| | - Divyesh Umraliya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360003, India
| | - Bharat Kumar Reddy Sanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360003, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MB University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517102, India.
| | - Vidyasrilekha Yele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360003, India.
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25
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Albarakati R, Al-Qurashi O, Safi Z, Wazzan N. A dispersion-corrected DFT calculation on encapsulation of favipiravir drug used as antiviral against COVID-19 into carbon-, boron-, and aluminum-nitride nanotubes for optimal drug delivery systems combined with molecular docking simulations. Struct Chem 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37363043 PMCID: PMC10173244 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-023-02182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Favipiravir (FAV) (6-fluoro-3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrazine-2-carboxamide) is one of the most effective antiviral drugs which is cited for action against RNA-viral infections of COVID-19. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate three nanotubes (NTs) with FAV drug as delivery systems. The encapsulated systems (ESs) consist of FAV drug inside carbon-carbon, aluminum nitride, and boron nitride. At B3LYP-D/6-31G(d,p) and CPCM/B3LYP-D/6-31G(d,p), the optimization of NTs, FAV, and its tautomeric forms and six ESs was investigated in gas and water environments. Five tautomeric forms of FAV were investigated, two keto forms (K1 and K2) and three enol forms (E1, E2, and E3). The results revealed that E3 and K2 isomeric forms represented the most stable structures in both media; thus, these two forms were encapsulated into the NTs. The stability and the synthesis feasibility of NTs have been proven by calculating their interaction energies. Non-covalent interactions (NCIs) were investigated in the ESs to show the type of NCI with the molecular voids. The binding energies, thermochemical parameters, and recovery times were investigated to understand the mechanism of FAV encapsulation and release. The encapsulated AlNNT systems are more favorable than those of BNNTs and CNTs in gas and aqueous environments with much higher binding energies. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and recovery time analysis revealed the easier releasing of E3 from AlNNT over K2 form. Based on molecular docking simulations, we found that E3 and K2 FAV forms showed a high level of resistance to SARS-CoV-6M3M/6LU7/6W9C proteases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11224-023-02182-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roqaya Albarakati
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 4280, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Al-Qurashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaki Safi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University-Gaza, P.O. Box 1277, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Nuha Wazzan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 4280, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
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26
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Challenger E, Penchala SD, Hale C, Fitzgerald R, Walker L, Reynolds H, Chiong J, Fletcher T, Khoo S, Else L. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for quantification of favipiravir in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115436. [PMID: 37148698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Favipiravir (FVP) is a broad-spectrum antiviral that selectively inhibits viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, first trialled for the treatment of influenza infection. It has been shown to be effective against a number of RNA virus families including arenaviruses, flaviviruses and enteroviruses. Most recently, FVP has been investigated as a potential therapeutic for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of FVP in human plasma has been developed and validated for use in clinical trials investigating favipiravir as treatment for coronavirus disease-2019. Samples were extracted by protein precipitation using acetonitrile, using 13C, 15N- Favipiravir as internal standard. Elution was performed on a Synergi Polar-RP 150 × 2.1 mm 4 µm column using a gradient mobile phase programme consisting of 0.2% formic acid in water and 0.2% formic acid in methanol. The assay was validated over the range 500-50,000 ng/mL; this method was found to be precise and accurate and recovery of FVP from the matrix was high. Stability experiments confirmed and expanded on the known stability of FVP, including under heat treatment and for a period of 10 months at - 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Challenger
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Sujan Dilly Penchala
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Colin Hale
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Richard Fitzgerald
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Lauren Walker
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Helen Reynolds
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Justin Chiong
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Tom Fletcher
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Laura Else
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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27
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Raghav PK, Mann Z, Ahluwalia SK, Rajalingam R. Potential treatments of COVID-19: Drug repurposing and therapeutic interventions. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 152:1-21. [PMID: 37059487 PMCID: PMC9930377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The infection is caused when Spike-protein (S-protein) present on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with human cell surface receptor, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This binding facilitates SARS-CoV-2 genome entry into the human cells, which in turn causes infection. Since the beginning of the pandemic, many different therapies have been developed to combat COVID-19, including treatment and prevention. This review is focused on the currently adapted and certain other potential therapies for COVID-19 treatment, which include drug repurposing, vaccines and drug-free therapies. The efficacy of various treatment options is constantly being tested through clinical trials and in vivo studies before they are made medically available to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Raghav
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Simran Kaur Ahluwalia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Ivanova T, Mariienko Y, Mehterov N, Kazakova M, Sbirkov Y, Todorova K, Hayrabedyan S, Sarafian V. Autophagy and SARS-CoV-2-Old Players in New Games. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7734. [PMID: 37175443 PMCID: PMC10178552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
At present it is well-defined that autophagy is a fundamental process essential for cell life but its pro-viral and anti-viral role has been stated out with the COVID pandemic. However, viruses in turn have evolved diverse adaptive strategies to cope with autophagy driven host defense, either by blocking or hijacking the autophagy machinery for their own benefit. The mechanisms underlying autophagy modulation are presented in the current review which summarizes the accumulated knowledge on the crosstalk between autophagy and viral infections, with a particular emphasizes on SARS-CoV-2. The different types of autophagy related to infections and their molecular mechanisms are focused in the context of inflammation. In particular, SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication and disease pathogenesis are discussed. Models to study autophagy and to formulate novel treatment approaches and pharmacological modulation to fight COVID-19 are debated. The SARS-CoV-2-autophagy interplay is presented, revealing the complex dynamics and the molecular machinery of autophagy. The new molecular targets and strategies to treat COVID-19 effectively are envisaged. In conclusion, our finding underline the importance of development new treatment strategies and pharmacological modulation of autophagy to fight COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetomira Ivanova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yuliia Mariienko
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Sbirkov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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29
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Nanomedicine for drug resistant pathogens and COVID-19 using mushroom nanocomposite inspired with bacteriocin – A Review. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023; 152:110682. [PMID: 37041990 PMCID: PMC10067464 DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens have become a major global health challenge and have severely threatened the health of society. Current conditions have gotten worse as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and infection rates in the future will rise. It is necessary to design, respond effectively, and take action to address these challenges by investigating new avenues. In this regard, the fabrication of metal NPs utilized by various methods, including green synthesis using mushroom, is highly versatile, cost-effective, eco-compatible, and superior. In contrast, biofabrication of metal NPs can be employed as a powerful weapon against MDR pathogens and have immense biomedical applications. In addition, the advancement in nanotechnology has made possible to modify the nanomaterials and enhance their activities. Metal NPs with biomolecules composite to prevents their microbial adhesion and kills the microbial pathogens through biofilm formation. Bacteriocin is an excellent antimicrobial peptide that works well as an augmentation substance to boost the antimicrobial effects. As a result, we concentrate on the creation of new, eco-compatible mycosynthesized metal NPs with bacteriocin nanocomposite via electrostatic, covalent, or non-covalent bindings. The synergistic benefits of metal NPs with bacteriocin to combat MDR pathogens and COVID-19, as well as other biomedical applications, are discussed in this review. Moreover, the importance of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) in risk analysis of manufactured metal nanocomposite nanomaterial and their future possibilities also discussed.
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30
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Chen H, Luo F, Song H, Long H, Chen N, Sun L, Cui F, Wan J, Tu Y. Radiation Protection of Polydatin Against Radon Exposure Injury of Epithelial Cells and Mice. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231172271. [PMID: 37123604 PMCID: PMC10134130 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231172271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radon exposure is significantly associated with lung cancer. Radon concentration is currently reduced mainly by physical methods, but there is a lack of protective drugs or biochemical reagents for radon damage. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of polydatin (PD) on the radon-exposed injury. The results showed that PD can significantly reduce ROS level, raise SOD activity, weaken the migration ability, increase E-cad, and decrease mesenchymal cell surface markers (FN1, Vimentin, N-cad, α-SMA, and Snail) in radon-exposed epithelial cells. In vivo, PD increased the mice weight, promoted SOD activity, and decreased MDA content, the number of bullae, pulmonary septum thickness, lung collagenous fibers, and mesenchymal cell surface markers. Furthermore, PD inhibited p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR expression. Compared with directly adding PD on radon-exposed cells, adding PD before and after radon exposure could more obviously improve the adhesion of radon-exposed cells, significantly alleviate the migration ability, and more significantly reduce mesenchyme markers and p-AKT and p-mTOR. These results indicate that PD can reduce oxidative stress, weaken epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung fibrosis in radon-exposed cells/mice, and have good radiation protection against radon injury. The mechanism is related to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation
Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions, P.R. China
| | - Fajian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation
Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions, P.R. China
| | - Huisheng Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of
Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, China
| | - Huiqiang Long
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation
Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions, P.R. China
| | - Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation
Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation
Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions, P.R. China
| | - Fengmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation
Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation
Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions, P.R. China
- Jun Wan and Yu Tu, State Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection,
Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China. Emails:
;
| | - Yu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation
Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions, P.R. China
- Jun Wan and Yu Tu, State Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection,
Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China. Emails:
;
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Alizadehmohajer N, Zahedifar S, Sohrabi E, Shaddel Basir S, Nourigheimasi S, Falak R, Nedaeinia R, A Ferns G, Emami Nejad A, Manian M. Using In Silico Bioinformatics Algorithms for the Accurate Prediction of the Impact of Spike Protein Mutations on the Pathogenicity, Stability, and Functionality of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Analysis of Potential Therapeutic Targets. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:778-808. [PMID: 36173498 PMCID: PMC9521556 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We have used bioinformatics to investigate seventeen mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, as this mediates infection of human cells and is the target of most vaccine strategies and antibody-based therapies. Two mutations, H146Y and S221W, were identified as being most pathogenic. Mutations at positions D614G, A829T, and P1263L might also have deleterious effects on protein function. We hypothesized that candidate small molecules may be repurposed to combat viral infection. We investigated changes in binding energies of the ligands and the mutant proteins by assessing molecular docking. For an understanding of cellular function and organization, protein-protein interactions are also critical. Protein-protein docking for naïve and mutated structures of SARS-CoV-2 S protein was evaluated for their binding energy with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These interactions might limit the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the ACE2 receptor or may have a deleterious effect on protein function that may limit infection. These results may have important implications for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, its pathogenesis, and the potential for drug repurposing and immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Alizadehmohajer
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Shahrzad Zahedifar
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sohrabi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedighe Shaddel Basir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies Branch, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH, Sussex, UK
| | - Asieh Emami Nejad
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O.Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Manian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Science, Kermanshah Branch, Imam Khomeini Campus, Islamic Azad University, Farhikhtegan Bld., Shahid J'afari St., 6718997551, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Xu P, Wang X, Shi J, Chen W, Lu ZJ, Jia H, Ye D, Li X. Functionally Collaborative Nanostructure for Direct Monitoring of Neurotransmitter Exocytosis in Living Cells. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2427-2435. [PMID: 36715488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter exocytosis of living cells plays a vital role in neuroscience. However, the available amperometric technique with carbon fiber electrodes typically measures exocytotic events from one cell during one procedure, which requires professional operations and takes time to produce statistical results of multiple cells. Here, we develop a functionally collaborative nanostructure to directly measure the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) exocytosis from living rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. The functionally collaborative nanostructure is constructed of metal-organic framework (MOF)-on-nanowires-on-graphene oxide, which is highly sensitive to DA molecules and enables direct detection of neurotransmitter exocytosis. Using the microsensor, the exocytosis from PC12 cells pretreated with the desired drugs (e.g., anticoronavirus drug, antiflu drug, or anti-inflammatory drug) has been successfully measured. Our achievements demonstrate the feasibility of the functionally collaborative nanostructure in the real-time detection of exocytosis and the potential applicability in the highly efficient assessment of the modulation effects of medications on exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jiaci Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200065, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200080, China
| | - Hao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Daixin Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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Cherian S, Hacisayidli KM, Kurian R, Mathews A. Therapeutically important bioactive compounds of the genus Polygonum L. and their possible interventions in clinical medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:301-327. [PMID: 36757388 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing literature data have suggested that the genus Polygonum L. possesses pharmacologically important plant secondary metabolites. These bioactive compounds are implicated as effective agents in preclinical and clinical practice due to their pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiaging, neuroprotective or immunomodulatory properties among many others. However, elaborate pharmacological and clinical data concerning the bioavailability, tissue distribution pattern, dosage and pharmacokinetic profiles of these compounds are still scanty. KEY FINDINGS The major bioactive compounds implicated in the therapeutic effects of Polygonum genus include phenolic and flavonoid compounds, anthraquinones and stilbenes, such as quercetin, resveratrol, polydatin and others, and could serve as potential drug leads or as adjuvant agents. Data from in-silico network pharmacology and computational molecular docking studies are also highly helpful in identifying the possible drug target of pathogens or host cell machinery. SUMMARY We provide an up-to-date overview of the data from pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic profiles and preclinical (in-vitro and in-vivo) investigations and the available clinical data on some of the therapeutically important compounds of genus Polygonum L. and their medical interventions, including combating the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Cherian
- Indian Society for Plant Physiology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kushvar Mammadova Hacisayidli
- Department of Hygiene and Food Safety, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Azerbaijan State Agricultural University, Ganja City, Azerbaijan
| | - Renju Kurian
- Department of Pathology, Manipal University College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Allan Mathews
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia
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Mahdavi R, Talebpour Z. Analytical approaches for determination of COVID-19 candidate drugs in human biological matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 160:116964. [PMID: 36816451 PMCID: PMC9922681 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of antiviral and other available drugs has been considered to combat or reduce the clinical symptoms of patients. In this regard, it would be necessary to choose sensitive and selective analytical techniques for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, monitoring of drug concentration in biological fluids, and determination of the most appropriate dose to achieve the desired effect on the disease. In the present study, the analytical techniques based on spectroscopy and chromatography with different detectors for diagnosis and determination of candidate drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 in human biological fluids are reviewed during the period 2015-2022. Moreover, various sample preparation and extraction techniques, are being used for this purpose, such as protein precipitation (PP), solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabee Mahdavi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Talebpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran,Analytical and Bioanalytical Research Centre, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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COVID-19 signalome: Potential therapeutic interventions. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110559. [PMID: 36521656 PMCID: PMC9744501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered intensive research and development of drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 during the last two years. The major success was especially observed with development of vaccines based on viral vectors, nucleic acids and whole viral particles, which have received emergent authorization leading to global mass vaccinations. Although the vaccine programs have made a big impact on COVID-19 spread and severity, emerging novel variants have raised serious concerns about vaccine efficacy. Due to the urgent demand, drug development had originally to rely on repurposing of antiviral drugs developed against other infectious diseases. For both drug and vaccine development the focus has been mainly on SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins and host cell receptors involved in viral attachment and entry. In this review, we expand the spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 targets by investigating the COVID-19 signalome. In addition to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, the envelope, membrane, and nucleoprotein targets have been subjected to research. Moreover, viral proteases have presented the possibility to develop different strategies for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication and spread. Several signaling pathways involving the renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin-converting enzymes, immune pathways, hypoxia, and calcium signaling have provided attractive alternative targets for more efficient drug development.
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Wang M, Wu C, Liu N, Zhang F, Dong H, Wang S, Chen M, Jiang X, Zhang K, Gu L. SARS-CoV-2 RdRp uses NDPs as a substrate and is able to incorporate NHC into RNA from diphosphate form molnupiravir. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:946-955. [PMID: 36528144 PMCID: PMC9749393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 has been ravaging throughout the world for three years and has severely impaired both human health and the economy. The causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 employs the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex for genome replication and transcription, making RdRp an appealing target for antiviral drug development. Systematic characterization of RdRp will undoubtedly aid in the development of antiviral drugs targeting RdRp. Here, our research reveals that RdRp can recognize and utilize nucleoside diphosphates as a substrate to synthesize RNA with an efficiency of about two thirds of using nucleoside triphosphates as a substrate. Nucleoside diphosphates incorporation is also template-specific and has high fidelity. Moreover, RdRp can incorporate β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine into RNA while using diphosphate form molnupiravir as a substrate. This incorporation results in genome mutation and virus death. It is also observed that diphosphate form molnupiravir is a better substrate for RdRp than the triphosphate form molnupiravir, presenting a new strategy for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Cancan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Hongjie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Kundi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Lichuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Friske MM, Giannone F, Senger M, Seitz R, Hansson AC, Spanagel R. Chronic alcohol intake regulates expression of SARS-CoV2 infection-relevant genes in an organ-specific manner. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:76-86. [PMID: 36774629 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder have a tremendous impact on the patient's psychological and physiological health. There is evidence that chronic alcohol consumption influences SARS-CoV2 infection risk, but so far, the molecular mechanism underlying such an effect is unknown. METHODS We generated the expression data of SARS-CoV2 infection-relevant genes (Ace2, Tmprss2, and Mas) in different organs in rat models of chronic alcohol exposure and alcohol dependence. Ace2 and Tmprss2 represent the virus entry point, whereas Mas activates the anti-inflammatory response once the cells are infected. RESULTS Across three different chronic alcohol test conditions, we found a consistent upregulation of Ace2 gene expression in the lung, which has been shown to be the most affected organ in COVID-19 patients. Other organs such as liver, ileum, kidney, heart, and brain also showed upregulation of Ace2 and Mas gene expression but less consistently across the different animal models, while Tmprss2 expression was unaffected in all conditions. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that alcohol-induced upregulation of Ace2 gene expression can lead to an elevated stochastic probability of virus entry into cells and may thus confer a molecular risk for SARS-CoV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Friske
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Giannone
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mona Senger
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Seitz
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita C Hansson
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Chaube U, Patel BD, Bhatt HG. A hypothesis on designing strategy of effective RdRp inhibitors for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:12. [PMID: 36532857 PMCID: PMC9755803 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are used as one of the major weapons for the eradication of pandemic. However, the rise of different variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is creating doubts regarding the end of the pandemic. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop more drug candidates which can be useful for the treatment of COVID-19. In the present research for the scientific hypothesis, emphasis was given on the direct antiviral therapy available for the treatment of COVID-19. In lieu of this, the available molecular targets which include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Chymotrypsin-like Protease (SARS-3CLpro), Papain-Like Cysteine Protease (PLpro), and RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) were explored. As per the current scientific reports and literature, among all the available molecular targets, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) was found to be a crucial molecular target for the treatment of COVID-19. Most of the inhibitors which are reported against this target consisted of the free amine group and carbonyl group which might be playing an important role in the binding interaction with the RdRp protein. Among all the reported RdRp inhibitors, remdesivir, favipiravir, and molnupiravir were found to be the most promising drugs against COVID-19. Overall, the structural features of this RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors proved the importance of pyrrolo-triazine and pyrimidine scaffolds. Previous computational models of these drug molecules indicated that substitution with the polar functional group, hydrogen bond donor, and electronegative atoms on these scaffolds may increase the activity against the RdRp protein. Hence, in line with the proposed hypothesis, in the present research work for the evaluation of the hypothesis, new molecules were designed from the pyrrolo-triazine and pyrimidine scaffolds. Further, molecular docking and MD simulation studies were performed with these designed molecules. All these designed molecules (DM-1, DM-2, and DM-3) showed the results as per the proposed hypothesis. Among all the designed molecules, DM-1 showed promising results against the RdRp protein of SARS-CoV-2. In the future, these structural features can be used for the development of new RdRp inhibitors with improved activity. Also, in the future lead compound DM-1 can be explored against the RdRp protein for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Chaube
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481 India
| | - Bhumika D. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481 India
| | - Hardik G. Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481 India
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Sultan A, Ali R, Ishrat R, Ali S. Anti-HIV and anti-HCV small molecule protease inhibitors in-silico repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 M pro for the treatment of COVID-19. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12848-12862. [PMID: 34569411 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1979097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is a global health emergency warranting development and implementation of targeted treatment. The enzyme main protease (Mpro; also known as 3C-like protease) is emerging as an attractive drug target. This enzyme plays an indispensable role in processing the translated polyproteins of viral RNA. Inhibiting the activity of Mpro would wedge viral replication. To facilitate the discovery of targeted therapy for COVID-19, we carried out the structure-assisted repurposing of existing protease inhibiting small molecules to target SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Based on the structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, here we report the small drug molecule namely saquinavir as its potent inhibitor. Findings support the premise that this promising antiviral protease inhibiting small drug molecule can be validated and implemented for the treatment and clinical management of COVID-19 pandemic disease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armiya Sultan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rafat Ali
- Computational Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Romana Ishrat
- Computational Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
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40
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Borhani SG, Levine MZ, Krumpe LH, Wilson J, Henrich CJ, O’Keefe BR, Lo D, Sittampalam GS, Godfrey AG, Lunsford RD, Mangalampalli V, Tao D, LeClair CA, Thole A, Frey D, Swartz J, Rao G. An approach to rapid distributed manufacturing of broad spectrum anti-viral griffithsin using cell-free systems to mitigate pandemics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.12.19.521044. [PMID: 36597541 PMCID: PMC9810220 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.19.521044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the cell-free biomanufacturing of a broad-spectrum antiviral protein, griffithsin (GRFT) such that it can be produced with consistent purity and potency in less than 24 hours. We demonstrate GRFT production using two independent cell-free systems, one plant and one microbial. Griffithsin purity and quality were verified using standard regulatory metrics. Efficacy was demonstrated in vitro against SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 and was nearly identical to that of GRFT expressed in vivo . The proposed production process is efficient and can be readily scaled up and deployed anywhere in the world where a viral pathogen might emerge. The current emergence of viral variants has resulted in frequent updating of existing vaccines and loss of efficacy for front-line monoclonal antibody therapies. Proteins such as GRFT with its efficacious and broad virus neutralizing capability provide a compelling pandemic mitigation strategy to promptly suppress viral emergence at the source of an outbreak.
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Arumugam GS, Damodharan K, Doble M, Thennarasu S. Significant perspectives on various viral infections targeted antiviral drugs and vaccines including COVID-19 pandemicity. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:21. [PMID: 35838929 PMCID: PMC9283561 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A virus enters a living organism and recruits host metabolism to reproduce its own genome and proteins. The viral infections are intricate and cannot be completely removed through existing antiviral drugs. For example, the herpes, influenza, hepatitis and human immunodeficiency viruses are a few dreadful ones amongst them. Significant studies are needed to understand the viral entry and their growth in host cells to design effective antivirals. This review emphasizes the range of therapeutical antiviral drugs, inhibitors along with vaccines to fight against viral pathogens, especially for combating COVID-19. Moreover, we have provided the basic and in depth information about viral targets, drugs availability, their mechanisms of action, method of prevention of viral diseases and highlighted the significances of anticoagulants, convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment, scientific details of airborne transmission, characteristics of antiviral drug delivery using nanoparticles/carriers, nanoemulsions, nanogels, metal based nanoparticles, alike the future nanosystems through nanobubbles, nanofibers, nanodiamonds, nanotraps, nanorobots and eventually, the therapeutic applications of micro- and nanoparticulates, current status for clinical development against COVID-19 together with environmental implications of antivirals, gene therapy etc., which may be useful for repurposing and designing of novel antiviral drugs against various dreadful diseases, especially the SARS-CoV-2 and other associated variants.
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Lopes SM, de Medeiros HIR, Scotti MT, Scotti L. Natural Products Against COVID-19 Inflammation: A Mini-Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2358-2369. [PMID: 35088662 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220128114547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a virus whose genetic material is positive single-stranded RNA, being responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19), an infection that compromises the lungs and consequently the respiratory capacity of the infected individual, according to the WHO in November 2021, 249,743,428 cases were confirmed, of which 5,047,652 individuals died due to complications resulting from the infection caused by SARSCOV- 2. As the infection progresses, the individual may experience loss of smell and taste, as well as breathing difficulties, severe respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, and death. Due to this new epidemiological agent in March 2020 it was announced by the director general of the World Health Organization (WHO) a pandemic status, and with that, many research groups are looking for new therapeutic alternatives through synthetic and natural bioactives. This research is a literature review of some in silico studies involving natural products against COVID-19 inflammation published in 2020 and 2021. Work like this presents relevant information to the scientific community, boosting future research and encouraging the use of natural products for the search for new antivirals against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mendes Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil
| | - Herbert Igor Rodrigues de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil.,Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil
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Ji X, Meng X, Zhu X, He Q, Cui Y. Research and development of Chinese anti-COVID-19 drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4271-4286. [PMID: 36119967 PMCID: PMC9472487 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlighted the importance and urgency of the research and development of therapeutic drugs. Very early into the COVID-19 pandemic, China has begun developing drugs, with some notable progress. Herein, we summarizes the anti-COVID-19 drugs and promising drug candidates originally developed and researched in China. Furthermore, we discussed the developmental prospects, mechanisms of action, and advantages and disadvantages of the anti-COVID-19 drugs in development, with the aim to contribute to the rational use of drugs in COVID-19 treatment and more effective development of new drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the variants. Neutralizing antibody is an effective approach to overcome COVID-19. However, drug resistance induced by rapid virus mutation will likely to challenge neutralizing antibodies. Taking into account current epidemic trends, small molecule drugs have a crucial role in fighting COVID-19 due to their significant advantage of convenient administration and affordable and broad-spectrum. Traditional Chinese medicines, including natural products and traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, contribute to the treatment of COVID-19 due to their unique mechanism of action. Currently, the research and development of Chinese anti-COVID-19 drugs have led to some promising achievements, thus prompting us to expect even more rapidly available solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Ji
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingfeng He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Sun Q, Fan Y, Yang J, Lu Z, Xu Z, Lai X, Zheng Y, Cai K, Wang F. Role of trace TEMPO as electron shuttle in enhancing chloroquine phosphate elimination in UV-LED-driven persulfate activation process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 10:108641. [PMID: 36186959 PMCID: PMC9510124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine Phosphate (CP) is an antiviral drug used for treatment of COVID-19. It is released into wastewater and eventually contaminates natural water. This study reports an effective homogeneous catalysis way for CP degradation by the 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) enhanced persulfate (PDS) activation under UVB-LEDs irradiation at 305 nm. TEMPO at a low concentration (0.1 μM) enhanced CP degradation in UV305/PDS process in deionized water at different pHs, in different anions and different molecular weight dissolved organic matter solutions and in real surface water. The enhancement was verified to be attributed to the electron shuttle role of TEMPO, which promoted the yield of SO4 •- by enhancing electron donating capacity of the reacting system. The degradation products of CP and their acute toxicities suggested that UV305/PDS/TEMPO process has better performance on CP detoxification than UV305/PDS process. This study provides a new way to tackle the challenge of pharmaceutical pollutions in homogeneous photocatalysis process for natural water and sewage restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yongjie Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Zhilei Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Zeping Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Xingteng Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yuyi Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Kaicong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Feifeng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
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Chen L, Lin D, Xu H, Li J, Lin L. WLLP: A weighted reconstruction-based linear label propagation algorithm for predicting potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040252. [PMID: 36466666 PMCID: PMC9713947 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV) has led to a huge health and economic crises. However, the research required to develop new drugs and vaccines is very expensive in terms of labor, money, and time. Owing to recent advances in data science, drug-repositioning technologies have become one of the most promising strategies available for developing effective treatment options. Using the previously reported human drug virus database (HDVD), we proposed a model to predict possible drug regimens based on a weighted reconstruction-based linear label propagation algorithm (WLLP). For the drug–virus association matrix, we used the weighted K-nearest known neighbors method for preprocessing and label propagation of the network based on the linear neighborhood similarity of drugs and viruses to obtain the final prediction results. In the framework of 10 times 10-fold cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), WLLP exhibited excellent performance with an AUC of 0.8828 ± 0.0037 and an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.5277 ± 0.0053, outperforming the other four models used for comparison. We also predicted effective drug regimens against SARS-CoV-2, and this case study showed that WLLP can be used to suggest potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langcheng Chen
- Center of Campus Network and Modern Educational Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongying Lin
- School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Xu
- School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Li
- School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lieqing Lin
- Center of Campus Network and Modern Educational Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lieqing Lin
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Samuel JG, Malgija B, Ebenezer C, Solomon RV. Insight into designing of 2-pyridone derivatives for COVID-19 drug discovery - A computational study. Struct Chem 2022; 34:1-20. [PMID: 36320317 PMCID: PMC9607770 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Presently, the prime global focus is on SARS-CoV-2, as no fully established, licensed medicine has been found thus far, in spite of the existence of various reports and administration of partially proven certain class of natural products. However, in case of natural products, the extraction and purification limit their application. This situation drives researchers to explore synthetically viable drugs. In the present investigation, twenty-three 2-pyridone synthetic derivatives (P1-P23) have been theoretically tested for their suitability as potential inhibitors for COVID-19 main protease through DFT, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. DFT calculations offer insights into structure-property relationships, while ADMET studies indicate the pharmacological characteristics of these molecules. Molecular docking studies ascertain the nature and mode of interactions of these entities with COVID-19 main protease. Furthermore, covalent docking has been carried out to verify the feasibility of the formation of a covalent bond with the active site. The top protein-inhibitor complexes, such as P18, P11, and P12, were identified based on their glide score. These molecules, along with the covalent docked complexes, namely P18 and P16, were selected and subjected to molecular dynamics simulations. The 100 ns simulation process exhibited that the covalent docked ones, due to their stable form could serve as lead compounds against SARS-CoV-2. Hence, this study affirms the potential candidature of 2-pyridone-based inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph George Samuel
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), University of Madras), Chennai, 600 059 India
| | - Beutline Malgija
- MCC-MRF Innovation Park, Madras Christian College, Chennai, 600 059 India
| | - Cheriyan Ebenezer
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), University of Madras), Chennai, 600 059 India
| | - Rajadurai Vijay Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), University of Madras), Chennai, 600 059 India
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Ratnapriya S, Braun AR, Cervera H, Carlson D, Ding S, Paulson C, Mishra N, Sachs JN, Aldrich C, Finzi A, Herschhorn A. Broad Tricyclic Ring Inhibitors Block SARS-CoV-2 Spike Function Required for Viral Entry. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2045-2058. [PMID: 36153947 PMCID: PMC9528568 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into host cells requires binding of the viral spike glycoprotein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which triggers subsequent conformational changes to facilitate viral and cellular fusion at the plasma membrane or following endocytosis. Here, we experimentally identified selective and broad inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry that share a tricyclic ring (or similar) structure. The inhibitory effect was restricted to early steps during infection and the entry inhibitors interacted with the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike but did not significantly interfere with receptor (ACE2) binding. Instead, some of these compounds induced conformational changes or affected spike assembly and blocked SARS-CoV-2 spike cell-cell fusion activity. The broad inhibitors define a highly conserved binding pocket that is present on the spikes of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and all circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants tested and block SARS-CoV spike activity required for mediating viral entry. These compounds provide new insights into the SARS-CoV-2 spike topography, as well as into critical steps on the entry pathway, and can serve as lead candidates for the development of broad-range entry inhibitors against SARS-CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ratnapriya
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Anthony R. Braun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Héctor Cervera
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Danielle Carlson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Carolyn Paulson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 8-101 WDH, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States; Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Jonathan N. Sachs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Courtney Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 8-101 WDH, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States; Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Alon Herschhorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- The College of Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Trivedi P, Abbas A, Lehmann C, Rupasinghe HPV. Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Their Potential Use in the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Pathologies. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:289-306. [PMID: 36278757 PMCID: PMC9589987 DOI: 10.3390/jox12040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly contagious coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a global pandemic and public health emergency as it has taken the lives of over 5.7 million in more than 180 different countries. This disease is characterized by respiratory tract symptoms, such as dry cough and shortness of breath, as well as other symptoms, including fever, chills, and fatigue. COVID-19 is also characterized by the excessive release of cytokines causing inflammatory injury to the lungs and other organs. It is advised to undergo precautionary measures, such as vaccination, social distancing, use of masks, hygiene, and a healthy diet. This review is aimed at summarizing the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and potential biologically active compounds (bioactive) found in plants and plant food. We conclude that many plant food bioactive compounds exhibit antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and support in attenuating organ damage due to reduced cytokine release and improving the recovery process from COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Trivedi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2, Canada
| | - Amna Abbas
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2, Canada
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Karimian A, Behjati M, Karimian M. Molecular mechanisms involved in anosmia induced by SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1931-1946. [PMID: 35939103 PMCID: PMC9358639 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Since 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic virus that has posed many challenges worldwide. Infection with this virus can result in a number of symptoms, one of which is anosmia. Olfactory dysfunction can be a temporary or long-term viral complication caused by a disorder of the olfactory neuroepithelium. Processes such as inflammation, apoptosis, and neuronal damage are involved in the development of SARS-CoV-2-induced anosmia. One of the receptors that play a key role in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell is the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2, which facilitates this process by cleaving the viral S protein. The gene encoding TMPRSS2 is located on chromosome 21. It contains 15 exons and has many genetic variations, some of which increase the risk of disease. Delta strains have been shown to be more dependent on TMPRSS2 for cell entry than Omicron strains. Blockade of this receptor by serine protease inhibitors such as camostat and nafamostat can be helpful for treating SARS-CoV-2 symptoms, including anosmia. Proper understanding of the different functional aspects of this serine protease can help to overcome the therapeutic challenges of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms, including anosmia. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular events involved in anosmia induced by SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the function of the TMPRSS2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karimian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran.
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50
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Xie G, Xu H, Li J, Gu G, Sun Y, Lin Z, Zhu Y, Wang W, Wang Y, Shao J. DRPADC: A novel drug repositioning algorithm predicting adaptive drugs for COVID-19. Comput Chem Eng 2022; 166:107947. [PMID: 35942213 PMCID: PMC9349049 DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Given that the usual process of developing a new vaccine or drug for COVID-19 demands significant time and funds, drug repositioning has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. We propose a method named DRPADC to predict novel drug-disease associations effectively from the original sparse drug-disease association adjacency matrix. Specifically, DRPADC processes the original association matrix with the WKNKN algorithm to reduce its sparsity. Furthermore, multiple types of similarity information are fused by a CKA-MKL algorithm. Finally, a compressed sensing algorithm is used to predict the potential drug-disease (virus) association scores. Experimental results show that DRPADC has superior performance than several competitive methods in terms of AUC values and case studies. DRPADC achieved the AUC value of 0.941, 0.955 and 0.876 in Fdataset, Cdataset and HDVD dataset, respectively. In addition, the conducted case studies of COVID-19 show that DRPADC can predict drug candidates accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobo Xie
- School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haojie Xu
- School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianming Li
- School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guosheng Gu
- School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China,Corresponding author
| | - Yuping Sun
- School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yinting Zhu
- School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Youfu Wang
- Huaneng Qinghai Power Generation Co., Ltd. New Energy Branch, Xining 810000, China
| | - Jiang Shao
- School of Architecture & Design, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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