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Kwon H, Nam EH, Kim H, Jo H, Bang WY, Lee M, Shin H, Kim D, Kim J, Kim H, Lee J, Jung YH, Yang J, Won DD, Shin M. Effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 on irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22384. [PMID: 39333245 PMCID: PMC11437119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract, negatively impacting patients' quality of life. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (RH 3201) on irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of 30 subjects with IBS-C were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 8 weeks of probiotics administration or placebo. Concerning bowel activities, both irritant bowel movements and discomfort caused by constipation showed significant improvement with RH 3201 at 8 weeks. Symptoms including severity of abdominal bloating, frequency of abdominal bloating, and satisfaction of bowel habits based on the irritable bowel syndrome-severity scoring system also ameliorated in the probiotic group. Analysis of the fecal microbiome revealed that the abundance of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus and Akkermansia muciniphila was higher during the period of RH 3201 administration compared to the placebo. Untargeted metabolome analysis further suggested a correlation between specific metabolites, such as N-acetylornithine, xanthine, and 3-phenylpropionic acid, and the improvement of clinical symptoms. These results indicate that RH 3201 was effective in ameliorating IBS-C, potentially by enriching beneficial microbes and associated metabolites in the gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeji Kwon
- Immunology Laboratory, Cancer Genomic Research Institute, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, 04597, Republic of Korea
| | - Eoun Ho Nam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Kim
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17957, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneul Jo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yeong Bang
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17957, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjee Lee
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17957, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonmin Shin
- Immunology Laboratory, Cancer Genomic Research Institute, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, 04597, Republic of Korea
| | - Dana Kim
- Immunology Laboratory, Cancer Genomic Research Institute, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, 04597, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, 04597, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, 04597, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Pelvic Floor Center, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, 04597, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Fermentation Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoo Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daeyoun David Won
- Department of Surgery, Pelvic Floor Center, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, 04597, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minhye Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Vinson B, Fink C, Wargenau M, Talley NJ, Holtmann G. Double-blind, randomized, 8-week multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of STW 5-II versus placebo in functional dyspepsia. JGH Open 2024; 8:e13054. [PMID: 38699471 PMCID: PMC11064020 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aim Herbal products are widely used to treat patients with disorders of gut brain interaction but clinical efficacy and safety data for treatments lasting >4 weeks are widely lacking. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of 8 weeks of treatment with the herbal combination product STW 5-II for patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) meeting Rome II criteria. We also conducted a post hoc analysis including patients meeting Rome IV criteria for FD and evaluated the effect of the G-protein beta 3 (GNB3) subunit polymorphism (C825T) on therapeutic response. Methods This multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind study included 272 FD patients meeting Rome II criteria in the intention-to-treat cohort and 266 meeting Rome IV criteria. We used the validated Gastrointestinal Symptom Score (GIS) to assess GI symptoms, defining response rate as the proportion of patients with ≥50% GIS improvement in at least three of four assessments. Results After 8 weeks, the response rate was significantly higher in the STW 5-II group versus placebo (61.2% vs 45.1%, P = 0.008). Mean GIS non-significantly improved with STW 5-II treatment (7.9 ± 4.41 vs 6.7 ± 4.91 with placebo; P = 0.07). In the Rome IV subgroup analysis, STW 5-II yielded a better response rate (P = 0.01) versus placebo and greater postprandial distress symptom improvement (P = 0.04) versus placebo. Safety parameters did not differ between groups, and GNB3 status was not linked with therapeutic response. Conclusion STW 5-II is efficacious, with no observed safety signals at up to 8 weeks of treatment in patients with FD meeting Rome II or IV criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Vinson
- Bayer Consumer Health, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbHDarmstadtGermany
| | - Careen Fink
- Bayer Consumer Health, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbHDarmstadtGermany
| | - Manfred Wargenau
- M.A.R.C.O. GmbH & Co. KG, Institute for Clinical Research and StatisticsDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gerald Holtmann
- University of Queensland and Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyPrincess Alexandra HospitalWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
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Gamal NG, Abd El-Salam RM, Gadelrub LN, Ahmed-Farid OA, Khayyal MT. The herbal preparation STW 5 affects serotonergic pathways in the brain and colon as well as stress parameters in experimental irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14301. [PMID: 34817922 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to stress has been related to disturbance in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) signaling in the brain-gut axis and is considered as a major predisposing factor for the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The present study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of 5-HT and some other stress-related parameters in the effectiveness of STW 5 against stress-induced IBS. METHODS Rats were subjected to restraint stress (RS) for 1 h/day for 14 consecutive days to induce IBS-like symptoms and were given STW 5 orally at the same time. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were withdrawn, then animals were euthanized and the brain hippocampi, cerebral cortices, as well as colons were isolated for biochemical and histopathological assessments. RESULTS RS increased the plasma corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) with concomitant increase in hippocampal and cortical 5-HT levels, as well as mast cell inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological inflammatory changes observed in rat colon. It also decreased the colonic content of 5-HT with consequent decrease in fecal pellet output (FPO). Treatment with STW 5 protected against these changes. CONCLUSION The protective effect of STW 5 against RS-induced IBS is related to its ability to normalize the induced changes in 5-HT in the brain-gut axis and counteract the stress-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal G Gamal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Abd El-Salam
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Omar A Ahmed-Farid
- Physiology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T Khayyal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Marmouzi I, Bouyahya A, Ezzat SM, El Jemli M, Kharbach M. The food plant Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.: Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacology and clinical evidence. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113303. [PMID: 32877720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. or Milk thistle is a medicinal plant native to Northern Africa, Southern Europe, Southern Russia and Anatolia. It also grows in South Australia, North and South America. In traditional knowledge, people have used S. marianum for liver disorders such as hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and gallbladder diseases. The main active compound of the plant seeds is silymarin, which is the most commonly used herbal supplement in the United States for liver problems. Nowadays, S. marianum products are available as capsules, powders, and extracts. AIM OF STUDY The aim of our study is to draw a more comprehensive overview of the traditional heritage, pharmacological benefits and chemical fingerprint of S. marianum extracts and metabolites; as well as their metabolism and bioavailability. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive literature search has been conducted using relavant keywords and papers with rationale methodology and robust data were selected and discussed. Studies involving S. marianum or its main active ingredients with regards to hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, cardiovascular protection, anticancer and antimicrobial activities as well as the clinical trials performed on the plant, were discussed here. RESULTS S. marianum was subjected to thousands of ethnopharmacological, experimental and clinical investigations. Although, the plant is available for use as a dietary supplement, the FDA did not yet approve its use for cancer therapy. Nowadays, clinical investigations are in progress where a global evidence of its real efficiency is needed. CONCLUSION S. marianum is a worldwide used herb with unlimited number of investigations focusing on its benefits and properties, however, little is known about its clinical efficiency. Moreover, few studies have discussed its metabolism, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, so that all future studies on S. marianum should focus on such areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Marmouzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathology Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Genomic Center of Human Pathology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt.
| | - Meryem El Jemli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mourad Kharbach
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, CePhaR, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
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STW5 (Iberogast®) for constipation in Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 177:296-301. [PMID: 32829914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic constipation is one of the most frequent non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), and impairs patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to assess the efficacy and the tolerability of STW5, a phytotherapeutic agent composed of nine plant extracts, for the treatment of constipation in patients with PD. METHODS We carried out an open monocentric study of STW5 in the treatment of constipation in parkinsonian patients. Forty-four PD patients with a mean age of 66.4±7.3 years (range, 35-78), a mean disease duration of 12.6±5.4 years (range, 3-27) and with constipation defined by Rome III criteria for functional constipation were included. Following a two-week laxative-free baseline period, all the patients were treated with 20 drops STW5 t.i.d for 28 days, after a seven-day titration period. Treatment efficacy was defined as marked improvement of stool frequency with an increase of three exonerations during the last week of treatment when compared to the week before the initiation of treatment. Responder rate for stool frequency was estimated at 29/45 patients. RESULTS An increase of stool frequency≥three eliminations/week was observed in only four out of 44 patients (9.0%) at the end of the study. The only significant difference observed before and after treatment was a decrease in stool consistency (P=0.0272). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that STW5 has a safety profile but is not effective as a phytotherapeutic agent in constipation related to Parkinson's disease.
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Iberis amara Extract Induces Intracellular Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibits Colon Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152398. [PMID: 27050665 PMCID: PMC4822881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Massively increasing global incidences of colorectal cancer require efficient treatment and prevention strategies. Here, we report unexpected anticancerogenic effects of hydroethanolic Iberis amara extract (IAE), which is known as a widely used phytomedical product for treating gastrointestinal complaints. IAE significantly inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 and T84 colon carcinoma cells with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6 and 9 μg/ml, respectively, and further generated inhibitory effects in PC-3 prostate and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Inhibition of proliferation in HT-29 cells was associated with a G2/M phase cell cycle arrest including reduced expression of various regulatory marker proteins. Notably, in HT-29 cells IAE further induced apoptosis by intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consistent with predictions derived from our in vitro experiments, bidaily oral gavage of 50 mg/kg of IAE over 4 weeks resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse HT-29 tumor xenograft model. Taken together, Iberis amara extracts could become useful alternatives for preventing and treating the progression of colon cancer.
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Apak R, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Çapanoğlu E. Antioxidant Activity/Capacity Measurement. 3. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS) Scavenging Assays, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, and Chromatographic/Chemometric Assays. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1046-1070. [PMID: 26689748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There are many studies in which the antioxidant potential of different foods have been analyzed. However, there are still conflicting results and lack of information as a result of unstandardized assay techniques and differences between the principles of the methods applied. The measurement of antioxidant activity, especially in the case of mixtures, multifunctional or complex multiphase systems, cannot be evaluated satisfactorily using a simple antioxidant test due to the many variables influencing the results. In the literature, there are many antioxidant assays that are used to measure the total antioxidant activity/capacity of food materials. In this review, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) scavenging assays are evaluated with respect to their mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and potential use in food systems. On the other hand, in vivo antioxidant activity (AOA) assays including oxidative stress biomarkers and cellular-based assays are covered within the scope of this review. Finally, chromatographic and chemometric assays are reviewed, focusing on their benefits especially with respect to their time saving, cost-effective, and sensitive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özyürek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Çapanoğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University , Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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Babaeian M, Naseri M, Kamalinejad M, Ghaffari F, Emadi F, Feizi A, Hosseini Yekta N, Adibi P. Herbal Remedies for Functional Dyspepsia and Traditional Iranian Medicine Perspective. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e20741. [PMID: 26734483 PMCID: PMC4698144 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.20741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a functional gastro-intestinal disorder with high prevalence. Among various treatment options, treatment by complementary and alternative medicines especially herbal remedies also practiced. Traditional Iranian medicine (TIM), a valuable resource of valid applied studies of ancient Iranian scholars, recommends numerous medicinal plants to treat dyspepsia symptoms. In this study, through investigation of TIM references, we aimed to identify medicinal plants for treatment of digestion insufficiency. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION In this qualitative study, dyspepsia symptoms including fullness, early satiety, bloating, nausea, and belching were checked under reliable sources of traditional medicine. Then medicinal plants recommended for the treatment of the symptoms were extracted from the books. Likewise, for investigating the pharmacological properties of medicinal plants used for the relieving of dyspepsia symptoms, electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and some Iranian databases like SID and IranMedex were employed. RESULTS The study yielded 105 plants from 37 families which could treat various dyspepsia symptoms; fifty-seven plants, mainly from Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Zingiberaceae had digestive effects. In this research, based on the information in TIM reference texts, we obtained 58 plants effective for bloating, 40 for nausea, 37 for appetite loss and 7 for belching. In human clinical trials conducted on medicinal plants effective for FD symptoms, 7 single plants were used. CONCLUSIONS Finding the medicinal plants effective on digestion insufficiency based on TIM could suggest a better strategy for the relieving of dyspepsia symptoms. Traditional Iranian medicine prescribes medicinal plants based on each patient's personal characteristics and practices multiple target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Babaeian
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Traditional Medicin Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohsen Naseri, Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2166464320, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ghaffari
- Department of History of Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Emadi
- Traditional Medicin Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University Medical, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Nafiseh Hosseini Yekta
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
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El-Ghazaly MA, El-Hazek RM, Khayyal MT. Protective effect of the herbal preparation, STW 5, against intestinal damage induced by gamma radiation in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:150-6. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.954059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Khayyal MT, Abdel-Naby DH, Abdel-Aziz H, El-Ghazaly MA. A multi-component herbal preparation, STW 5, shows anti-apoptotic effects in radiation induced intestinal mucositis in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1390-1399. [PMID: 25022208 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal mucositis is a common adverse effect in patients undergoing radiotherapy and constitutes a treatment-limiting condition. Since no agents are yet known that can adequately guard against its development, the search continues to find safe and effective measures. The present study was intended to investigate whether the herbal preparation, STW 5, could offer a potentially effective agent in this respect. METHODS Intestinal mucositis was induced in rats by exposing them to whole body gamma-irradiation (6 Gy). Rats were treated orally with STW 5 (5 or 10 ml/kg) for five days before and two days after irradiation. One day later, rats were sacrificed and segments of small intestine were examined histologically. Intestinal homogenates and serum samples were used to assess relevant parameters for apoptosis and different markers for inflammation and oxidative stress. RESULTS Exposure to radiation produced dose-dependent extents of intestinal injury associated with apoptotic changes with high radiation levels. Apoptosis was associated with an increase in cytosolic calcium, depletion of mitochondrial cytochrome c, B-cell lymphoma-2 and complex I. Oxidative stress parameters (reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and total nitrate/nitrite) were deranged. Inflammation markers (tumor necrosis factor and myeloperoxidase) and indices of intestinal damage (serum diamine oxidase) were increased. STW 5 protected to a large extent against histological changes and counteracted the deranged parameters. CONCLUSION The findings provide experimental evidence for the potential beneficial use of STW5 in protecting against the development of radiation-induced intestinal mucositis and associated changes in tissue biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Khayyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Doaa H Abdel-Naby
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdel-Aziz
- Scientific Department, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mona A El-Ghazaly
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
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Garcia-Pinto AB, Santos-Filho SD, Carvalho JJ, Pereira MJS, Fonseca AS, Bernardo-Filho M. In vitro and in vivo studies of an aqueous extract of Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) on the radiolabeling of blood constituents, on the morphology of red blood cells and on the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical sodium pertechnetate. Pharmacogn Mag 2013; 9:S49-56. [PMID: 24143045 PMCID: PMC3798140 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.117867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Natural products might alter the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m (99mTc) and these results may be correlated with modifications of the shape of the red blood cells (RBC). The biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals can be also altered. Objective: This investigation aimed to determine biological effects of an aqueous extract of chamomile (CE). Materials and Methods: To study the effect of the CE on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, in vitro and in vivo assays were performed. The effect of the CE on the morphology of RBC was observed under light microscope. The images were acquired, processed, and the perimeter/area ratio of the RBC determined. To analyze the effect of the CE on biodistribution of the sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) in Wistar rats, these animals were treated or not with a CE. Na99mTcO4 was injected, the rats were sacrificed, the organs were removed, weighted and percentage of radioactivity/gram calculated. Result: In the in vitro experiment, the radioactivity on blood cells compartment and on insoluble fractions of plasma was diminished. The shape and the perimeter/area ratio of the RBC were altered in in vitro assays. An increase of the percentage of radioactivity of Na99mTcO4 was observed in stomach after in vivo treatment. Conclusion: These results could be due to substances of the CE or by the products of the metabolism of this extract in the animal organism. These findings are examples of drug interaction with a radiopharmaceutical, which could lead to misdiagnosis in clinical practice with unexpected consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica B Garcia-Pinto
- Laboratório de Radiofarmácia Experimental, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Humana e Experimental, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Mashtoub S, Hoang BV, Vu M, Lymn KA, Feinle-Bisset C, Howarth GS. Clinical and structural effects of traditional Chinese medicine and the herbal preparation, Iberogast, in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2013; 19:10-9. [PMID: 24647374 DOI: 10.1177/2156587213503660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-sourced formulations such as Iberogast and the traditional Chinese medicine formulation, Cmed, purportedly possess anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging properties. We investigated Iberogast and Cmed, independently, for their potential to decrease the severity of the large bowel inflammatory disorder, ulcerative colitis. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 8/group) received daily 1 mL gavages (days 0-13) of water, Iberogast (100 μL/200 μL), or Cmed (10 mg/20 mg). Rats ingested 2% dextran sulfate sodium or water ad libitum for 7 days commencing on day 5. Dextran sulfate sodium administration increased disease activity index scores from days 6 to 12, compared with water controls (P < .05). On day 10, 200 μL Iberogast decreased disease activity index scores in colitic rats compared with colitic controls (P < .05). Neither Iberogast nor Cmed achieved statistical significance for daily metabolic parameters or colonic crypt depth. The therapeutic effects of Iberogast and Cmed were minimal in the colitis setting. Further studies of plant extracts are required investigating greater concentrations and alternative delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Mashtoub
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Li JE, Nie SP, Xie MY, Huang DF, Wang YT, Li C. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities in immumosuppressed mice of polysaccharides isolated from Mosla chinensis Maxim cv. jiangxiangru. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:267-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Beikert FC, Schönfeld BS, Frank U, Augustin M. [Antiinflammatory potential of seven plant extracts in the ultraviolet erythema test. A randomized, placebo-controlled study]. Hautarzt 2013; 64:40-6. [PMID: 23337964 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-012-2505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytotherapeutics are widely used in medicine. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the antiinflammatory potential of seven medical plant extracts using the ultraviolet- (UV)-erythema test. PATIENTS AND METHODS Randomized, placebo-controlled study on 40 healthy subjects. Test areas on the upper back were irradiated with the 1.5 fold UV-B minimal erythema dose (MED). Formulations of Aloe vera, Chamomilla recutita, Hamamelis virginiana, Melissa officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Coriandrum sativum as well as 1% hydrocortisone acetate and 0.1% betamethasone valerate as positive controls and unguentum leniens as vehicle control were applied under occlusion on the irradiated areas and on non-irradiated area on the contralateral side. Photometric assessment of the erythema was performed before the application of the substances (t0), at 24 h (t1) and at 48 h (t2). RESULTS Aloe vera, Chamomilla recutita, Melissa officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia and Coriandrum sativum showed an antiinflammatory effect compared to UV-control and unguentum leniens. However, the results were only statistically significant for Aloe vera. All tested plant extracts were well tolerated. CONCLUSION Aloe vera possesses an antiinflammatory effect on UV-induced erythemas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Beikert
- IVDP - Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
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Dadkhah A, Fatemi F, Ashrafihelan J. Investigation of STW 5 (Iberogast®) preventive effects in experimental sepsis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:474-481. [PMID: 23336345 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.740487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT STW 5 (Iberogast(®)) is a well known herbal combination drug containing glycosides and flavonoids for which multiple pharmacological properties have been shown. OBJECTIVE In this study, attempts were made to assess whether STW 5, an aqueous ethanol solution, has a preventive effect against liver and lung pathological damage in rats after experimental induction of sepsis [cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental sepsis was induced in rats using CLP operation. The rats (n = 36) were divided into six groups (six/group): Sham-operated (SOP); CLP; CLP + STW 5 (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and CLP + indomethacin. The drugs were injected intraperitoneally immediately after sepsis induction. RESULTS It was found that induction of sepsis 24 h after CLP was associated with significant liver and lung damage, also remaining after STW 5 administration. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It appears that STW 5, which has a pronounced efficacy in functional gastro-intestinal diseases, has no effect on septic liver and lung damage in the CLP rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dadkhah
- Faculty of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
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Vitalini S, Iriti M, Puricelli C, Ciuchi D, Segale A, Fico G. Traditional knowledge on medicinal and food plants used in Val San Giacomo (Sondrio, Italy)--an alpine ethnobotanical study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:517-29. [PMID: 23220197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This work increases the ethnobotanical data from Northern Italy and, in particular, the Lombardy region, till now poorly documented, safeguarding the local folk knowledge, and provides information on new or scarcely reported properties of medicinal plants, whose traditional use needs to be validated experimentally. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to gather, analyse and evaluate the ethnobotanical information on the species used for medicinal and food purposes by the native people of Val San Giacomo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The plant use was documented by speaking with more than 100 people, mainly over 60 years old, born and resident in Val San Giacomo. Information was collected using semi-structured interviews and then analysed by indices such as Ethnophytonomic Index (EPI), Ethnobotanicity Index (EI), relative frequency of citation (RFC), use value (UV), relative importance (RI) and factor informant consensus (FIC). RESULTS Information on 66 plants belonging to 35 families (Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Lamiaceae, mainly) was gathered. The preference ranking placed Achillea moschata Wulfen at first place, both for the citation number and for RFC and UV. Arnica montana L., Thymus pulegioides L. and Artemisia genipi Stechm. were also in relevant use. Sixty species were wild and six were cultivated. Leaves, flowers, complete aerial parts and fruits were the plant parts most commonly used for remedy preparation (infusion, especially). The interviewees collected local flora for medicinal purposes, specifically. About 51.5% of the plant species were used to treat gastrointestinal tract of humans as digestive, depurative, appetiser, laxative, astringent and carminative remedies. About 56% of the plants were used in cookery, 24.2% in veterinary field, and 3% as cosmetics. The calculated indices demonstrated that in the studied area there is a small retention of plant knowledge. Only 6.2% of the autochthonous plants proved useful in folk tradition. Despite this, the uses of Sempervivum montanum L., Rhododendron ferrugineum L. and Panicum miliaceum L. were never documented by other ethnobotanical investigations conducted in the alpine area. CONCLUSIONS This survey was an extension of the ethnobotanical investigations performed in the Italian Alps. A study like this, though performed in a small area with a reduced traditional knowledge, could be the basis for subsequent research on the species that are interesting from a phytochemical point of view and on the potential use of their active metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitalini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Guimarães R, Barros L, Dueñas M, Calhelha RC, Carvalho AM, Santos-Buelga C, Queiroz MJR, Ferreira IC. Infusion and decoction of wild German chamomile: Bioactivity and characterization of organic acids and phenolic compounds. Food Chem 2013; 136:947-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Voß U, Lewerenz A, Nieber K. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: sex and gender specific aspects. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2013:473-97. [PMID: 23027463 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30726-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders constitute the majority of patients seeking healthcare for gastrointestinal symptoms in primary and secondary care. Of these disorders irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common and affects 10-20% in the Western world. IBS is a functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits in the absence of any detectable organic cause. Sex and gender aspects are important in understanding differences between men and women in their risk and experience of IBS. Relative to men, women are diagnosed more frequently with IBS. Female patients are more likely to be constipated, complain of abdominal distension and of certain extracolonic symptoms. Given the variability of IBS, the most successful treatment will be comprehensive, involving multiple strategies. Efficacy, safety and tolerability are important in the evaluation of IBS therapies, as patients are likely to require long-term treatment. Laxatives, antidiarrheals or antispasmodics are common in the treatment of IBS but the majority of patients receive antispasmodics followed by prokinetic agents. In treatment of IBS there appears to be a greater clinical response to serotonergic agents developed for IBS in women compared to men. There is an absence of drugs licensed specifically for the treatment of IBS. Further studies with novel agents are needed, to evaluate new approaches to IBS management including gender specific behavioral therapies and better characterization of patient subgroups with regard to drug therapy so that personalized therapy can be tested.
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Wiebelitz KR, Beer AM. Phytotherapy of chronic abdominal pain following pancreatic carcinoma surgery: a single case observation. Int J Gen Med 2012; 5:845-8. [PMID: 23097614 PMCID: PMC3476377 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s35635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient with pancreatic carcinoma diagnosed in 2005 suffered from chronic abdominal pain 6 years later that did not respond to conventional pain treatment according to guidelines. Furthermore, several complementary medical approaches remained ineffective. In the long run, only an Iberis amara drug combination relieved pain sufficiently. The drug is registered in Germany for the indications irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia. The multi-target approach of this combination drug may account for the effectiveness under these fundamentally different pathophysiological conditions. No serious undesired effects have been described in the use of this drug for other indications and none were observed in this case.
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Wadie W, Abdel-Aziz H, Zaki HF, Kelber O, Weiser D, Khayyal MT. STW 5 is effective in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27:1445-53. [PMID: 22562255 PMCID: PMC3474908 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-012-1473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An herbal preparation, STW 5, used clinically in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, has been shown to possess properties that may render it useful in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The present work was conducted to study its effectiveness in a rat model of IBD. METHODS An experimental model reflecting ulcerative colitis in man was adopted, whereby colitis was induced in Wistar rats by feeding them 5 % dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for one week. STW 5 and sulfasalazine (as a reference standard) were administered orally daily for 1 week before colitis induction and continued during DSS feeding. The animals were then sacrificed, and the severity of colitis was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Colon samples were homogenized for determination of reduced glutathione, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-3 as well as myeloperoxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. In addition, colon segments were suspended in an organ bath to test their reactivity towards carbachol, KCl, and trypsin. RESULTS STW 5 and sulfasalazine were both effective in preventing the shortening of colon length and the increase in both colon mass index and total histology score as well as the changes in biochemical parameters measured except changes in dismutase activity. DSS-induced colitis led to marked depression in colonic responsiveness to the agents tested ex vivo, an effect which was normalized by both drugs. CONCLUSIONS The findings point to a potential usefulness of STW 5 in the clinical setting of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hala F. Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olaf Kelber
- Scientific Department, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dieter Weiser
- Scientific Department, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mohamed T. Khayyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Brierley SM, Kelber O. Use of natural products in gastrointestinal therapies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:604-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wszelaki N, Paradowska K, Jamróz MK, Granica S, Kiss AK. Bioactivity-guided fractionation for the butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of furanocoumarins from Angelica archangelica L. roots and fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9186-93. [PMID: 21786787 DOI: 10.1021/jf201971s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and identification of the inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), obtained from the extracts of roots and fruits of Angelica archangelica L., are reported. Our results confirmed the weak inhibitory effect of Angelica roots on acetylcholinesterase activity. BChE inhibition was much more pronounced at a concentration of 100 μg/mL for hexane extracts and attained a higher rate than 50%. The TLC bioautography guided fractionation and spectroscopic analysis led to the isolation and identification of imperatorin from the fruit's hexane extract and of heraclenol-2'-O-angelate from the root's hexane extract. Both compounds showed significant BChE inhibition activity with IC(50) = 14.4 ± 3.2 μM and IC(50) = 7.5 ± 1.8 μM, respectively. Only C8-substituted and C5-unsubstituted furanocoumarins were active, which could supply information about the initial structures of specific BChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wszelaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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Cui JJ, Yuan JF, Zhang ZQ. Anti-oxidation activity of the crude polysaccharides isolated from Polygonum cillinerve (Nakai) Ohwi in immunosuppressed mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 132:512-517. [PMID: 20850515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Polygonum cillinerve (Nakai) Ohwi is commonly used in China for over 2000 years. Previous research has shown that the crude polysaccharides extracted from Polygonum cillinerve (Nakai) Ohwi (PCCP) have the scavenging free radicals and anti-tumor activities in vitro. In present study, PCCP were further approached the perspective of their anti-oxidation in immunosuppressed mice. METHODS AND MATERIALS ICR mice were treated firstly with cyclophosphamide (CY, 150 mg/kg), 1 day later, treated with different dosages of PCCP or saline solution once daily for 21 days. Twenty-four hours later for the last drug administration, the animals were weighed, and then killed by decapitation. The liver, spleen, and thymus indices were investigated, and the biochemical parameters were evaluated for various tissues (liver, heart, and kidney). RESULTS The administration of PCCP with gavage was able to overcome the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression, and significantly to raise the TOC, CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px level. It also raised the liver, spleen, and thymus indices, and decreased the MDA level in mice. CONCLUSIONS PCCP possess the pronounced free radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities, and could play an important role in the prevention of oxidative damage in immunological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Cui
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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Cheel J, Antwerpen PV, Tůmová L, Onofre G, Vokurková D, Zouaoui-Boudjeltia K, Vanhaeverbeek M, Nève J. Free radical-scavenging, antioxidant and immunostimulating effects of a licorice infusion (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Soberón JR, Sgariglia MA, Sampietro DA, Quiroga EN, Vattuone MA. Free radical scavenging activities and inhibition of inflammatory enzymes of phenolics isolated from Tripodanthus acutifolius. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:329-333. [PMID: 20488234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leaf extracts from Tripodanthus acutifolius (Ruiz and Pavón) Van Tieghem have long been used in Argentinean traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory, however, there is no scientific evidence which supports this use in the literature. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was conducted to evaluate the ability of five phenolic compounds purified from infusion prepared from Tripodanthus acutifolius leaves to inhibit key enzymes in inflammatory processes. As anti-inflammatory compounds frequently possess free radical scavenging activities, purified substances were comparatively evaluated to asses their free radical scavenging properties. Genotoxic effects were also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Compounds were evaluated on their ability to inhibit hyaluronidase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activities to assess their anti-inflammatory capacities. Free radical scavenging activity was assessed by: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH), superoxide anion assay and the inhibition on lipid peroxidation. Genotoxicity was evaluated by Bacillus subtilis rec assay. RESULTS Fractionation of Tripodanthus acutifolius infusion yielded a novel phenylbutanoid derivative (tripodantoside) and four known flavonoid glycosides (rutin, nicotiflorin, hyperoside and isoquercitrin). Flavonoids produced higher inhibition on hyluronidase activity (IC(50) approximately 1.7 mM) than tripodantoside (IC(50)=27.90 mM). A similar COX-2 inhibition activity was exerted by tripodantoside and monoglycosilated flavonoids (IC(50) approximately 50 microM). Compounds were strong radical scavengers, with effective concentration 50 (EC(50)) values for DPPH in the range of 2.7-6.3 microg/mL, and for superoxide anion in the range of 3.9-8.7 microg/mL. All compounds scavenged peroxyl radicals in the lipid peroxidation assay. The substances showed no genotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS The anti-inflammatory effects, free radical scavenging activities and lack of genotoxicity of purified compounds may support the folk use of infusion from Tripodanthus acutifolius leaves as anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Soberón
- Instituto de Estudios Vegetales Dr. A.R. Sampietro, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Abdel-Aziz H, Zaki HF, Neuhuber W, Kelber O, Weiser D, Khayyal MT. Effect of an herbal preparation, STW 5, in an acute model of reflux oesophagitis in rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 113:134-42. [PMID: 20484868 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09355fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A multitarget herbal preparation, STW 5, has been used clinically in different gastro-intestinal disorders including functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Previous studies have shown that it possesses properties that may render it useful in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We performed this study to test this compound in an acute model of reflux oesophagitis in rats. Oesophagitis was induced surgically by ligating the pyloric end and fore-stomach. Lower oesophageal pH was measured 3 h later in conscious animals. Five hours after surgery, animals were sacrificed and the oesophagi were examined macroscopically and histologically. Selected markers of inflammation were measured in oesophageal homogenates. STW 5 was given orally for 5 days before induction of oesophagitis. Pantoprazole was used as a reference standard. Ligated animals showed a high incidence of ulcerative lesions associated with a marked increase in myeloperoxidase, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta. STW 5 did not affect oesophageal pH, but dose-dependently reduced the severity of the oesophageal lesions and normalized the deranged level of the inflammation markers. The beneficial effects were confirmed histopathologically. STW 5 proved to be effective in protecting against inflammatory lesions in this model of oesophagitis, thus warranting further investigation of its potential therapeutic usefulness in GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Krueger D, Gruber L, Buhner S, Zeller F, Langer R, Seidl S, Michel K, Schemann M. The multi-herbal drug STW 5 (Iberogast) has prosecretory action in the human intestine. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009; 21:1203-e110. [PMID: 19210628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that STW 5 (Iberogast), fixed combination of hydroethanolic herbal extracts), besides being effective in functional dyspepsia, also improves symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Clinical data indicate that modulation of mucosal secretion is a promising approach to treat intestinal disorders associated with IBS. We therefore explored the effect of STW 5 on secretion in the human intestine and the mechanisms by which it acts. The Ussing chamber technique was used to measure mucosal secretion in human intestinal mucosa/submucosa preparations and in human epithelial cell line T84. In addition, we recorded STW 5 effects on human enteric neurons with voltage sensitive dye imaging. In human tissue and T84 cells STW 5 induced a dose-dependent increase in ion secretion that was significantly reduced by the Na-K-Cl cotransporter blocker bumetanide, the adenylate cyclase inhibitor MDL-12 330, the non-specific and selective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitors glibenclamide and CFTR(inh)-172, respectively, and the blocker of calcium dependent Cl(-) channels (ClCa) SITS (4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulphonic acid). It was unaffected by amiloride, a blocker of epithelial Na(+) channels. In human tissue, the nerve blocker tetrodotoxin significantly suppressed the STW 5 response. STW 5 evoked an increased spike discharge in 51% of human submucous neurons. Results suggest that STW 5 is a secretogogue in the human intestine by direct epithelial actions and through activation of enteric neurons. The prosecretory effect is due to increased epithelial Cl(-) fluxes via CFTR and Ca-dependent ClCa channels. STW 5 may be a novel option to treat secretory disorders associated with IBS and constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Krueger
- Department of Human Biology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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Michael S, Kelber O, Hauschildt S, Spanel-Borowski K, Nieber K. Inhibition of inflammation-induced alterations in rat small intestine by the herbal preparations STW 5 and STW 6. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:161-171. [PMID: 19196500 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a common mechanism of many gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, it is interesting to know, whether complex phytopharmaceuticals known to modulate gastrointestinal motor function reveal also anti-inflammatory properties. We tested the fixed herbal combination product STW 5 (Iberogast((R))) and its main component Iberis amara fresh plant extract (STW 6) to characterize their protective potential in an experimental inflammation model in vitro. The test system consisted of ileum/jejunum segments from male Wistar rats. Inflammation was evoked by intraluminal instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) for 30min. Preincubation of TNBS together with STW 5 and STW 6 prevented the TNBS-induced inhibition of ACh-induced contractions. No differences were found between water-dissolved and ethanol-dissolved extracts. STW 5 and STW 6 reduced morphological changes induced by TNBS in mucosal and muscle layers. The IL-10 mRNA measured by qRT-PCR was not influenced by TNBS but increased by STW 5 and STW 6. The TNBS-induced increase in the TNFalpha-mRNA expression was suppressed by STW 5 but not by STW 6. Additionally, STW 5 decreased TNFalpha release in LPS-stimulated human monocytes. STW 6 influenced neither the TNFalpha-mRNA nor the TNFalpha release. These findings demonstrate that STW 5 reduced inflammation-induced alterations in ileum/jejunum segments. The effects were associated with a restoration of the disturbed ACh-induced contraction, pathohistological protection and inhibition of TNFalpha. STW 6 may contribute to the protective effect of STW 5 mainly by increasing IL-10 pathway but not by influencing TNFalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Michael
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology for Natural Sciences, University Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Methodological aspects about in vitro evaluation of antioxidant properties. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 613:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Allescher HD, Wagner H. STW 5/Iberogast: Multi-Target-Wirkung bei funktioneller Dyspepsie und Reizdarmsyndrom. Wien Med Wochenschr 2007; 157:301-7. [PMID: 17704976 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-007-0429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional gastro-intestinal diseases such as functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome are a therapeutic challenge, as they are not only characterized by a multitude of symptoms, some of them with severe consequences for affected patients, but are also caused by a multitude of factors. The clinical efficacy of the therapeutics STW 5/Iberogast in these diseases has been proven in a number of randomized prospective clinical studies. Several preclinical studies suggest that its efficacy could be due to its complex composition of nine standardized herbal extracts, which act differently on multiple sites. This principle, which is quite popular in clinical medicine, was introduced as a multi-target therapy for functional bowel disorders. Components of STW 5/Iberogast reduce gastro-intestinal hypersensitivity and act spasmolytic on spastic, tonicising on atonic gastro-intestinal muscle. In addition a stimulating effect on reduced mucus-secretion, an inhibitory effect on enhanced gastric acid secretion and an anti-inflammatory effect have been shown. These effects could explain the clinical efficacy of STW5/Iberogast in a large range of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Dieter Allescher
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Metabolismus, Klinikum Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
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Ulrich-Merzenich G, Zeitler H, Jobst D, Panek D, Vetter H, Wagner H. Application of the "-Omic-" technologies in phytomedicine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:70-82. [PMID: 17188482 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2005] [Accepted: 11/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The proof of efficacy of phytopreparations and the determination of their mode of action are permanent challenges for an evidence-based phytotherapy. The technology platform of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics ("-omic-" technologies) are high-throughput technologies. They increase substantially the number of proteins/genes that can be detected simultaneously and have the potential to relate complex mixtures to complex effects in the form of gene/protein expression profiles. Provided that phytopreparation-specific signatures in the form of gene/protein expression profiles can be developed, these technologies will be useful for the chemical and pharmacological standardization and the proof of the toxicological potential of a plant extract. Over a long-term perspective they may economize the proof of efficacy, the determination of the mode of action of phytomedicines and allow to investigate herbal extracts without prominent active principle(s). The application of this genomics revealed already that gene expression profiles induced by single drugs and the ones induced by the combination of the same drugs can be entirely different. These results make the information of the mode of action of isolated "active principles/lead substances" of phytopreparations questionable. The application of the "-omic-" technologies may lead to a change of paradigms towards the application of complex mixtures in medicine and open the new field of phytogenomics, -proteomics and -metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ulrich-Merzenich
- Medical Policlinic of Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Wilhelmstr. 35-37, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
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Germann I, Hagelauer D, Kelber O, Vinson B, Laufer S, Weiser D, Heinle H. Antioxidative properties of the gastrointestinal phytopharmaceutical remedy STW 5 (Iberogast). PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 13 Suppl 5:45-50. [PMID: 16713223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Since inflammation is a common mechanism of many gastrointestinal diseases, reactive oxygen metabolites may play an important role in their pathophysiology. Therefore it is interesting to know, whether phytopharmaceuticals known to modulate gastrointestinal motor function reveal also antioxidative properties. We tested STW 5 (Iberogast), its constituent nine different plant extracts, and some isolated compounds which are present in STW 5 for characterizing their antioxidative and radical quenching activities. The test assays consisted in pure chemical and complex cellular systems in which different types of reactive species were produced. Quantification of the effects was based on chemiluminescence reactions. The results show that all extracts contribute to the effect of the complete remedy STW 5, in the chemical systems in a strongly additive manner, in the cellular systems in a supraadditive manner. The largest contributions resulted from the extracts from peppermint and melissa leaves. Comparison of effects from isolated phytochemical compounds from the extracts with that of the extracts itself shows that usually the extract is more effective than the monosubstance which indicates also the synergism within the whole plant extracts. This means that the plant extracts present in STW 5 provide strong radical quenching activities that could also be involved in the therapeutic gastrointestinal actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Germann
- Institut für Physiologie der Universität Tübingen, Germany
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Wegener T, Wagner H. The active components and the pharmacological multi-target principle of STW 5 (Iberogast). PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 13 Suppl 5:20-35. [PMID: 16926095 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic equivalence of the multi-herbal drug combination STW 5 (Iberogast) with two synthetic standard drugs can be explained by an additive or overadditive pharmacological synergism. A review of the different chemical constituents contained in this fixed combination of nine herbal drug extracts and their dominant mechanisms of action shows that they correlate very well with the clinically relevant overall pharmacological profile of the multi-herbal drug combination. This comprises modulatory effects on gastro-intestinal motility, anti-inflammatory action, inhibitory effects on gastric acid production and anti-oxidative and radical-inhibiting properties. As a multi-drug preparation with a multitude of therapeutic targets relevant in functional gastrointestinal diseases, its pharmacological profile of action in accordance with the multi-target principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wegener
- Consulting Herbal Medicinal Products, Zeisigstrasse 9, 33378 Rheda-Wiedenbrück, Germany
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