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Wu T, Zhu W, Chen L, Jiang T, Dong Y, Wang L, Tong X, Zhou H, Yu X, Peng Y, Wang L, Xiao Y, Zhong T. A review of natural plant extracts in beverages: Extraction process, nutritional function, and safety evaluation. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113185. [PMID: 37689936 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The demand for foods and beverages with therapeutic and functional features has increased as a result of rising consumer awareness of health and wellness. In natural, plants are abundant, widespread, and inexpensive, in addition to being rich in bioactive components that are beneficial to health. The bioactive substances contained in plants include polyphenols, polysaccharides, flavonoids, aromatics, aliphatics, terpenoids, etc., which have rich active functions and application potential for plant-based beverages. In this review, various existing extraction processes and their advantages and disadvantages are introduced. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, intestinal flora regulation, metabolism regulation, and nerve protection effects of plant beverages are described. The biotoxicity and sensory properties of plant-based beverages are also summarized. With the diversification of the food industry and commerce, plant-based beverages may become a promising new category of health functional foods in our daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Linyan Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Tao Jiang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Yuhe Dong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Letao Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Xinyang Tong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Ling Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao.
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Xu X, Huang X, Zheng Y, Wang X, Xie J, Liu S, Guo K. Synthesis, Structural Elucidation, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Water-Soluble Derivative of Arctiin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041789. [PMID: 36838775 PMCID: PMC9961579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor oral bioavailability of arctiin caused by its low water solubility is the biggest obstacle in developing it as a drug. In this work, a new water-soluble glucuronide derivative of arctiin (arctigenin-4'-O-glucuronide) was synthesized through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl mediated oxidation reaction. Subsequently, its anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by mice acute lung injury model in vivo. The results showed that the glucuronide derivative of arctiin not only had better water solubility but also displayed improved anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, thus serving as an innovative compound in the drug development of arctiin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Yuedan Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu 610066, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (K.G.)
| | - Kun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610200, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (K.G.)
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Zhao YL, Zhang XH, Guo F, Wei Y, Shang JH, Luo XD. Yi Shen An, a Chinese traditional prescription, ameliorates membranous glomerulonephritis induced by cationic bovine serum albumin in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:163-174. [PMID: 35001799 PMCID: PMC8745358 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2021947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Yi Shen An (YSA) is an investigational composite of traditional Chinese medicine (Reference: 2010L000974) for the treatment of renal disease. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of YSA against membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with cationic bovine serum albumin (C-BSA) to create a model of MGN. Then, rats were orally treated with YSA at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg for 35 successive days; prednisone (5 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. At the end of the experimental period, we performed a series of tests, including 24 h urinary protein, and biochemical, immunological, antioxidative, coagulation indices, and histopathological examination. RESULTS YSA-1 g/kg significantly lowered urinary protein from 68.37 to 30.74 mg (p < 0.01). Meantime, total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) recovered from 66.26 and 20.51 g/L to 76.08 and 35.64 g/L (p < 0.01), respectively. YSA removed the deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement 3c (C3c), prevented inter-capillary cell hyperplasia on the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and reduced electron-dense deposits and fusion of podocytes. In addition, serum IgG and superoxide dismutase were significantly elevated. In contrast, malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, triglyceride, circulating immune complex (CIC), and immunoglobulin M decreased in the YSA-treated group. Moreover, the blood coagulation dysfunction was adjusted. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate YSA may exert a therapeutic effect against MGN through the inhibition of CIC formation, and the removal of IgG and C3c deposition from the GBM, thus supporting the development of further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hua Zhang
- New Drug R&D Department of Kunming Institute of Kidney Disease, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- New Drug R&D Department of Kunming Institute of Kidney Disease, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- Shang Hai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shang Hai, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
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Guo T, Zheng B, He H, Chen L. Effects of non-covalent binding of lignans with rice starch driven by high-pressure homogenization on the starch structure and in vitro nutritional characteristics. Food Funct 2022; 13:9243-9253. [PMID: 36000543 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00798c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a type of phytoestrogen, lignans have attracted attention in recent years for their nutritional functions. To investigate the effects of lignans on the structural and nutritional functions of starch, honokiol (HK) and arctiin (AC) were complexed with rice starch respectively under high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) (UHPHRS/HK and UHPHRS/AC). The results showed that both HK and AC could form inclusive complexes with rice starch via non-covalent bonding (hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds), and these complexes could further form V-type crystals and aggregates, which reduced the starch digestibility as well as endowing them with the ability to retard glucose release and bind sodium cholate. Interestingly, due to its smaller molecular size, HK could induce starch to form a more compact structure than AC, leading to better nutritional functions. When the addition of HK/AC reached 8%, the resistant starch content could reach 26% and 19.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the glucose dialysis retardation index could increase to 17.2% and 14.8%, respectively, and the sodium cholate-binding capacity could increase to 33.1 mg g-1 and 21.8 mg g-1, respectively. These results demonstrated that UHPH with lignans' molecular interaction could be beneficial for controlling the nutritional functions of starch products with the desired digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Guo
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Bo Zheng
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Hai He
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Peng F, Yi J, Xiao J, Chen J, Zhang H, He X, Song Z. Protective effect and possible mechanism of arctiin on broilers challenged by Salmonella pullorum. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac126. [PMID: 35417554 PMCID: PMC9115908 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary arctiin (ARC) supplementation (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) on the growth performance and immune response of broilers after a Salmonella pullorum (S. pullorum) challenge, and we conducted in vitro antibacterial test to explore the bacteriostatic mechanism of ARC. The in vivo trial was randomly assigned to six groups: noninfected control (NC) group and positive control (PC) group received a basal diet; TET group, received a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg chlortetracycline; ARC100, ARC200, and ARC400 groups received a basal diet containing 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg ARC, respectively. From days 14 to 16, all birds (except the NC group) were infected with 1 mL (1 × 108 CFU per mL) fresh S. pullorum culture by oral gavage per day. In vivo results showed that dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg ARC significantly increased average daily gain (P < 0.05) and decreased feed-to-gain ratio of broilers vs. the PC group during days 15 to 28 after being challenged with S. pullorum (P < 0.05). The jejunal crypt depth (CD) was decreased by supplementing 100 or 200 mg/kg ARC in diets compared with PC birds at day 19 (P < 0.05). The jejunal villi height (VH) was increased by supplementing 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg ARC in diets compared with PC birds at day 28 (P < 0.05). Besides, dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg ARC increased the jejunal VH to CD ratio than the PC group both at days 19 and 28 (P < 0.05). Notably, the broilers had lower serum lipopolysaccharide and diamine oxidase levels in the ARC100 and ARC200 groups at day 28 than those in the PC group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in comparison to PC birds, the birds in ARC groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) had higher serum contents of IgM and IL-10, and the birds in the ARC200 group had higher serum contents of IgA at day 19 (P < 0.05). At day 28, the birds in ARC groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) had lower serum contents of IL-8, and the birds in the ARC200 group had lower serum contents of IFN-γ compared with PC birds (P < 0.05). The in vitro experiment showed that ARC significantly inhibited the biofilm formation and adhesion of S. pullorum (P < 0.05). Metabonomics analysis revealed that ARC can restrain the formation of the biofilm by affecting a variety of metabolic pathways of S. pullorum. Therefore, dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg ARC might be a potential way to substitute antibiotics to control S. pullorum infection in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Jinhui Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Hunan Xiang Jia Husbandry Limited by Share Ltd, Changde 41500, Hunan, China
| | - Junlie Chen
- Hunan Xiang Jia Husbandry Limited by Share Ltd, Changde 41500, Hunan, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
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Zhou Y, Lu X, Xia L, Yao W, Qin G, Wang G. [Arctiin antagonizes triptolide-induced renal toxicity in rats via anti-inflammatory pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1399-1405. [PMID: 33118522 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of arctiin with anti-inflammatory bioactivity against triptolide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Forty SD rats were divided into 4 groups for gastric lavage of normal saline, arctiin (500 mg/kg), triptolide (500 μg/kg), or both arctiin (500 mg/kg) and triptolide (500 μg/kg). Blood samples were collected for analysis of biochemical renal parameters, and the renal tissues were harvested for determining the kidney index and for pathological evaluation with HE staining. In the in vitro experiment, HK-2 cells were treated with arctiin and triptolide either alone or in combination, and the cell viability was determined with MTT assay; the cell morphological changes was observed using laser confocal microscopy, cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry, and the expressions of inflammation-related protein expression were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS In SD rats, arctiin significantly antagonized triptolide-induced elevation of BUN, Scr and kidney index (P < 0.05) and obviously improved renal tissue damages induced by triptolide including cell swelling, vacuolization and spotty necrosis. Arctiin significantly inhibited triptolide-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells and increased the cell viability at 24 h (P < 0.05). Arctiin also attenuated triptolide-induced cell morphological changes, decreased cell apoptosis rate (P < 0.05) and reversed the expressions of IκBα and nuclear p65 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Arctiin can protect the kidney from triptolide-induced damages in rats possibly through the anti-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhou
- Drug Research and Development Center//School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs//Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiaoya Lu
- Drug Research and Development Center//School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Li Xia
- Drug Research and Development Center//School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Weiqiang Yao
- Drug Research and Development Center//School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Drug Research and Development Center//School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs//Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Drug Research and Development Center//School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs//Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
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Teymouri S, Rakhshandeh H, Baghdar HN, Yousefi M, Salari R. Analgesic Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2019; 15:290-303. [DOI: 10.2174/1573397115666190328150203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of progressive rheumatoid disease, which leads to the degeneration of the articular cartilage, synovium, subchondral bone, tendons, and the surrounding ligaments.There are various treatments for knee OA, including pharmaceutical, nonpharmaceutical, and surgical treatments. Considering the chronic nature of the disease as well as the necessity for the long-term use of chemical medications, various side effects could occur that include gastrointestinal bleeding, hypertension, congestive heart failure, hyperkalemia, and kidney failure. Therefore, suitable treatments with fewer side effects should be recommended. Recent investigations suggest increased tendency in people to use Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for knee OA treatment.Objective:This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of herbal preparations for the treatment of OA.Methods:The searched databases were Cochrane, Scopus, and PubMed. All the selected papers pertained to randomized controlled trials until August 8, 2017 in English in which one or several specific herbs had been used in knee OA treatment.Results:We included 24 randomized trials (involving 2399 women and men). There were several different herbal medicines used within the included trials.Conclusion:The results show that the methods used in these trials may reduce symptoms and the extent of NSAID consumption and enhance the quality of life. Additional trials are suggested to investigate the safety and efficacy of herbs for the treatment of patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Teymouri
- Ph.D Candidate of Persian Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hasan Rakhshandeh
- Pharm.D, Assistant Professor, Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Naghedi Baghdar
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Yousefi
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roshanak Salari
- Assistant Professor of Drug Control, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhou B, Weng G, Huang Z, Liu T, Dai F. Arctiin Prevents LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Inhibition of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Mice. Inflammation 2018; 41:2129-2135. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yen CH, Chiu HF, Huang SY, Lu YY, Han YC, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Beneficial effect of Burdock complex on asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori-infected subjects: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Helicobacter 2018. [PMID: 29520881 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burdock complex (BC) constitutes of burdock (Arctium lappa), angelica (Angelica sinensis), gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon), and sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil, which are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating various disorders. This study intended to examine the anti-H. pylori activity of BC on AGS cell model as well as in asymptomatic H. pylori-infected subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS AGS cell incubated with H. pylori and treated with BC to evaluate the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), cell viability (MTT) anti-adhesion activity, and inflammatory markers. In case of clinical trial, H. pylori-positive subjects (urea breath test [UBT] >10%, n = 36) were enrolled and requested to intake BC (n = 19) or placebo (n = 17) for 8 weeks. Antioxidant capacity, total phenol, UBT, inflammatory markers were analyzed at the initial, 4th, 8th, and 10th weeks. Moreover, the endoscopic examination was carried out on baseline and 10th week. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that BC treatment significantly inhibited (P < .05) the inflammatory markers and adhesion of H. pylori to AGS cell. However, H. pylori-infected subject ingested with BC for 8 weeks significantly decreased (P < .05) the UBT value, inflammatory markers with improved antioxidant activity, and phenolic levels as compared to placebo. Also, consumption of BC considerably healed the ulcer wound. CONCLUSION Overall, the BC could attenuate H. pylori infection by inhibiting H. pylori adhesion and subsequent inflammatory response on the gastric epithelial cell (AGS) as well as clinically ameliorated UBT, antioxidant capacity, and alleviated inflammation to display its anti-H. pylori activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hua Yen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital Ministry of Health and Well-being, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yu Huang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ying Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Han
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Gao Q, Yang M, Zuo Z. Overview of the anti-inflammatory effects, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacies of arctigenin and arctiin from Arctium lappa L. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:787-801. [PMID: 29698388 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctigenin (AR) and its glycoside, arctiin, are two major active ingredients of Arctium lappa L (A lappa), a popular medicinal herb and health supplement frequently used in Asia. In the past several decades, bioactive components from A lappa have attracted the attention of researchers due to their promising therapeutic effects. In the current article, we aimed to provide an overview of the pharmacology of AR and arctiin, focusing on their anti-inflammatory effects, pharmacokinetics properties and clinical efficacies. Compared to acrtiin, AR was reported as the most potent bioactive component of A lappa in the majority of studies. AR exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) via modulation of several cytokines. Due to its potent anti-inflammatory effects, AR may serve as a potential therapeutic compound against both acute inflammation and various chronic diseases. However, pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated the extensive glucuronidation and hydrolysis of AR in liver, intestine and plasma, which might hinder its in vivo and clinical efficacy after oral administration. Based on the reviewed pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of AR, further pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of AR via alternative administration routes are suggested to promote its ability to serve as a therapeutic agent as well as an ideal bioactive marker for A lappa.
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Michalak B, Filipek A, Chomicki P, Pyza M, Woźniak M, Żyżyńska-Granica B, Piwowarski JP, Kicel A, Olszewska MA, Kiss AK. Lignans From Forsythia x Intermedia Leaves and Flowers Attenuate the Pro-inflammatory Function of Leukocytes and Their Interaction With Endothelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:401. [PMID: 29740324 PMCID: PMC5928392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study: Taking into account that overactivated leukocytes are an important factor in the development of many chronic diseases, we investigated the activity of phytochemically characterized (HPLC-DAD-MSn) extracts from forsythia leaves and flowers on the pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of leukocytes (effects on IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and TGFβ release) and their adherence to endothelial cells. Using bio-guided fractionation, we isolated the active compounds and determined their biological activity, and we included the positive control quercetin. Methods: The effect on IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and TGF-α production by leukocytes was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The surface expression of adhesion molecules was analyzed with flow cytometry, and the neutrophil attachment to the endothelial cells was assessed fluorimetrically. The effects on p38MAPK, ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation were determined using western blots. Results: Leaf extracts had the effect of decreasing TNF-α production in neutrophils and monocyte/macrophage cells. The bio-guided fractionation led to the isolation of the following lignan aglycones: (+)-pinoresinol, (+)-epipinoresinol, (-)-matairesinol, (+)-phillygenin, and (-)-arctigenin. Only phillygenin was able to stimulate the anti-inflammatory function of macrophages by inducing TGF-β release and IL-10 receptor surface expression. Arctigenin, phillygenin, and a metabolite produced by the gut microbiota, enterolactone, decreased TNF-α and IL-1β production and neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells, probably by attenuating the p38 and ERK kinase pathways. Conclusion:Forsythia x intermedia is a valuable source of active lignans, which may be potential candidates for treating inflammatory diseases that are associated with the excessive production of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Michalak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Filipek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Chomicki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pyza
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Żyżyńska-Granica
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kicel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika A Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Kim K, An S, Choi BG, Joo D, Choi YM, Ahn KJ, An IS, Cha HJ. Arctiin regulates collagen type 1α chain 1 mRNA expression in human dermal fibroblasts via the miR-378b-SIRT6 axis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9120-9124. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Yu F, Liu MY, Zhao YK, Wang DM, Hao QH, Wang XL. Isolation and Characterization of a Human Intestinal Bacterium Eggerthella sp. AUH-JLD49s for the Conversion of (-)-3'-Desmethylarctigenin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4051-4056. [PMID: 28493688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arctiin is the most abundant bioactive compound contained in the Arctium lappa plant. In our previous study, we isolated one single bacterium capable of bioconverting arctigenin, an aglycone of arctiin, to 3'-desmethylarctigenin (3'-DMAG) solely. However, to date, a specific bacterium capable of producing other arctiin metabolites has not been reported. In this study, we isolated one single bacterium, which we named Eggerthella sp. AUH-JLD49s, capable of bioconverting 3'-DMAG under anaerobic conditions. The metabolite of 3'-DMAG by strain AUH-JLD49s was identified as 3'-desmethyl-4'-dehydroxyarctigenin (DMDH-AG) based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The bioconversion kinetics and bioconversion capacity of strain AUH-JLD49s were investigated. In addition, the metabolite DMDH-AG showed an inhibitory effect on cell growth of human colon cancer cell line HCT116 and human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yue Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Kai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ming Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hong Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Ling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
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Kwon K, Koong HS, Kang KH. Effect of burdock extracts upon inflammatory mediator production. Technol Health Care 2017; 24:459-69. [PMID: 26684404 DOI: 10.3233/thc-151123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the burdock extract on the inhibitions of NO generation, COX-2 expression, and the generations of IL-6 and TNF-α , to find out its anti-inflammatory effect in this study. After the treatment of the burdock extract in the cells, we measured the amount of NO generated in the inflammatory cells developed by LPS and UVB, and confirmed the developments of inflammatory mediators by RT-PCR. Upon the results on the NO generation after the development of inflammation by LPS in Raw 264.7 cell, we found approximately 50% of inhibitory effect at 200 μg/ml concentrations of the burdock extract. It was confirmed that the expression levels of TNF-α, COX-2, and IL-6 were declined to the levels of control by LPS and UVB stimulated inflammation in HaCat cell. This means the anti-inflammatory effect of the burdock extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisang Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kyungwoon University, Gumi, Korea
| | - Hwa-Soo Koong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
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15
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Huang J, Xiao L, Wei JX, Shu YH, Fang SQ, Wang YT, Lu XM. Protective effect of arctigenin on ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2235-2240. [PMID: 28260103 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a neurotropic substance, ethanol can damage nerve cells through an increase in the production of free radicals, interference of neurotrophic factor signaling pathways, activation of endogenous apoptotic signals and other molecular mechanisms. Previous studies have revealed that a number of natural drugs extracted from plants offer protection of nerve cells from damage. Among these, arctigenin (ATG) is a lignine extracted from Arctium lappa (L.), which has been found to exert a neuroprotective effect on scopolamine‑induced memory deficits in mice with Alzheimer's disease and glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary neurons. As a result, it may offer beneficial effects on ethanol-induced neurotoxicity. However, the effects of ATG on ethanol‑induced nerve damage remain to be elucidated. To address this issue, the present study used rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells to investigate the neuroprotective effects of ATG on ethanol-induced cell damage by performing an MTT reduction assay, cell cycle analysis, Hoechst33342/propidium iodide fluorescence staining and flow cytometry to examine apoptosis. The results showed that 10 µM ATG effectively promoted the proliferation of damaged cells, and increased the distribution ratio of the cells at the G2/M and S phases (P<0.05). In addition, the apoptosis and necrosis of the PC12 cells were significantly decreased following treatment with ATG. Therefore, it was concluded that 10 µM ATG had a protective effect on ethanol‑induced injury in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P.R. China
| | - Lan Xiao
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xiang Wei
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Hai Shu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Qi Fang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Tang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgical Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Min Lu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P.R. China
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Li A, Wang J, Zhu D, Zhang X, Pan R, Wang R. Arctigenin suppresses transforming growth factor-β1-induced expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and the subsequent epithelial–mesenchymal transition through reactive oxygen species-dependent ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1095-113. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1038258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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The inhibition of activated hepatic stellate cells proliferation by arctigenin through G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest: Persistent p27Kip1 induction by interfering with PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 747:71-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Maghsoumi-Norouzabad L, Alipoor B, Abed R, Eftekhar Sadat B, Mesgari-Abbasi M, Asghari Jafarabadi M. Effects of Arctium lappa L. (Burdock) root tea on inflammatory status and oxidative stress in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 19:255-61. [PMID: 25350500 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to examine the effect of Burdock root tea on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress indicators in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Thirty-six patients (10 men and 26 women) aged 50-70 years old with knee osteoarthritis referred to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Hospitals, were selected for the study and randomly divided into two groups. Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. For all individuals along the 42 days of study period, the same drug treatments, including two lots of 500 mg acetaminophen twice a day and one glucosamine 500 mg once a day,were considered. The intervention group received daily three cups of Burdock root tea (each cup containing 2 g/150 mL boiled water) half-hour after the meal. The control group received three cups containing 150 cc boiled water daily. We assessed inflammatory markers such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oxidative stress indicators such as total antioxidants capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances before and after the intervention. RESULTS The results showed that burdock root tea significantly decreased the levels of serum IL-6 (P = 0.002), hs-CRP (P = 0.003) and malondialdehyde (P < 0.001), while the levels of serum TAC (P < 0.001) and activities of SOD (P = 0.009) were significantly increased. GPX activities increased but not significantly. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that Arctium lappa L. root tea improves inflammatory status and oxidative stress in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beitollah Alipoor
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Abed
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bina Eftekhar Sadat
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
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Min B, Lee H, Song JH, Han MJ, Chung J. Arctiin inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and decreases adiposity and body weight in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:655-61. [PMID: 25489405 PMCID: PMC4252525 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the effects and associated mechanisms of arctiin, a lignan compound found in burdock, on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Also, the effects of arctiin supplementation in obese mice fed a high-fat diet on adiposity were examined. MATERIALS/METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were treated with arctiin (12.5 to 100 µM) during differentiation for 8 days. The accumulation of lipid droplets was determined by Oil Red O staining and intracellular triglyceride contents. The expressions of genes related to adipogenesis were measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. For in vivo study, C57BL/6J mice were first fed either a control diet (CON) or high-fat diet (HF) to induce obesity, and then fed CON, HF, or HF with 500 mg/kg BW arctiin (HF + AC) for four weeks. RESULTS Arctiin treatment to 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes markedly decreased adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. The arctiin treatment significantly decreased the protein levels of the key adipogenic regulators PPARγ and C/EBPα, and also significantly inhibited the expression of SREBP-1c, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid-binding protein and lipoprotein lipase. Also, arctiin greatly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target phosphorylated-acetyl CoA carboxylase. Furthermore, administration of arctiin significantly decreased the body weight in obese mice fed with the high-fat diet. The epididymal, perirenal or total visceral adipose tissue weights of mice were all significantly lower in the HF + AC than in the HF. Arctiin administration also decreased the sizes of lipid droplets in the epididymal adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS Arctiin inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the inhibition of PPARγ and C/EBPα and the activation of AMPK signaling pathways. These findings suggest that arctiin has a potential benefit in preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byulchorong Min
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Heejin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Myung Joo Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Jayong Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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20
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Effect of Poria cocos on Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:570420. [PMID: 25165480 PMCID: PMC4140122 DOI: 10.1155/2014/570420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is associated with altered renal handling of water and sodium and changes in the levels of aquaporins (AQPs) and epithelial Na channels (ENaCs). The dried sclerotia of Poria cocos Wolf (WPC) have been used for treating chronic edema and nephrosis. We evaluated the effects of WPC on puromycin aminonucleoside- (PAN-) induced renal functional derangement and altered renal AQP2 and ENaC expression. In the nephrotic syndrome rat model, animals were injected with 75 mg/kg PAN and then treated with Losartan (30 mg·kg−1·day−1) or WPC (200 mg·kg−1·day−1) for 7 days. In the WPC group, proteinuria and ascites improved significantly. Plasma levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein- (LDL-) cholesterol reduced significantly in the WPC group. In addition, the WPC group exhibited attenuation of the PAN-induced increase in AQP2 and ENaC α/β subunit protein and mRNA levels. WPC suppressed significantly PAN-induced organic osmolyte regulators, reducing serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase (Sgk1) and sodium-myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT) mRNA expression. Our results show that WPC improves nephrotic syndrome, including proteinuria and ascites, through inhibition of AQP2 and ENaC expression. Therefore, WPC influences body-fluid regulation via inhibition of water and sodium channels, thereby, improving renal disorders such as edema or nephrosis.
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21
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Lee GT, Cha HJ, Lee KS, Lee KK, Hong JT, Ahn KJ, An IS, An S, Bae S. Arctiin induces an UVB protective effect in human dermal fibroblast cells through microRNA expression changes. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:640-8. [PMID: 24398562 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces severe alterations in the molecular and cellular components of normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells by disrupting many intracellular transduction cascades. Although UV responses have been well documented at the genome and proteome levels, UV protective effects have not been elucidated at these levels. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate that arctiin, a phytochemical isolated from the plant Arctium lappa, induced a protective effect against UVB radiation by changing microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles. Using flow cytometry, and water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1)-based cell viability, wound healing, and DNA repair assays we showed that pretreatment with arctiin prior to UVB irradiation reduced UVB-induced apoptosis, cell migration defects, and DNA damage in NHDF cells. It was also found that arctiin‑induced UVB protection is associated with altered miRNA expression profiles. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the deregulated miRNAs were functionally involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and cancer signaling pathways. The results suggest that arctiin acts as a UVB protective agent by altering specific miRNA expression in NHDF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghang Tai Lee
- Songpa R&D Center, Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 330-833, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jun Cha
- Molecular-Targeted Drug Research Center and Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- Songpa R&D Center, Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 330-833, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Kook Lee
- Songpa R&D Center, Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 330-833, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook An
- Molecular-Targeted Drug Research Center and Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Molecular-Targeted Drug Research Center and Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Molecular-Targeted Drug Research Center and Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Liu MY, Li M, Wang XL, Liu P, Hao QH, Yu XM. Study on human intestinal bacterium Blautia sp. AUH-JLD56 for the conversion of arctigenin to (-)-3'-desmethylarctigenin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12060-12065. [PMID: 24236649 DOI: 10.1021/jf403924c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Arctium lappa L. (A. lappa) is a popularly used vegetable as well as herbal medicine. Human intestinal microflora was reported to convert arctiin, the lignan compound with highest content in the dried fruits of Arctium lappa, to a series of metabolites. However, the specific bacterium responsible for the formation of 3'-desmethylarctigenin (3'-DMAG), the most predominant metabolite of arctiin by rat or human intestinal microflora, has not been isolated yet. In the present study, we isolated one single bacterium, which we named Blautia sp. AUH-JLD56, capable of solely biotransforming arctiin or arctigenin to (-)-3'-DMAG. The structure of the metabolite 3'-DMAG was elucidated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The biotransforming kinetics and maximum biotransforming capacity of strain AUH-JLD56 was investigated. In addition, the metabolite 3'-DMAG showed significantly higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity than that of the substrate arctigenin at the concentrations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , No. 289, Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071001, Hebei Province, China
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Pomari E, Stefanon B, Colitti M. Effect of Arctium lappa (burdock) extract on canine dermal fibroblasts. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:159-66. [PMID: 24192279 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the biological activities of Arctium lappa (burdock) have been already investigated in human and other species, data evaluating the molecular mechanisms have not been reported in the dog. In this study we analyzed for the first time the effect of a root extract of burdock on molecular responses in canine dermal fibroblasts with H2O2 stimulation (H group), with burdock treatment (B group) and with H2O2 stimulation and burdock treatment (BH group), using RNAseq technology. Differentially expressed genes (P<0.05) of H, B and BH groups in comparison to the untreated sample (negative control, C group) were identified with MeV software and were functional annotated and monitored for signaling pathways and candidate biomarkers using the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA). The expression profile of canine dermal fibroblasts treated with burdock extract with or without H2O2 stimulation, showed an up-regulation of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), disheveled 3 (DVL3) and chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (CSGALNACT2). The data suggested that burdock has implications in cell adhesion and gene expression with the modulation of Wnt/β catenin signaling and Chondroitin Sulphate Biosynthesis that are particularly important for the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pomari
- Department of Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Inhibitory Effect of Arctigenin from Fructus Arctii Extract on Melanin Synthesis via Repression of Tyrosinase Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:965312. [PMID: 23781272 PMCID: PMC3678497 DOI: 10.1155/2013/965312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To identify the active compound arctigenin in Fructus Arctii (dried seed of medicinal plant Arctium lappa) and to elucidate the inhibitory mechanism in melanogenesis, we analyzed melanin content and tyrosinase activity on B16BL6 murine melanoma and melan-A cell cultures. Water extracts of Fructus Arctii were shown to inhibit tyrosinase activity in vitro and melanin content in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated cells to similar levels as the well-known kojic acid and arbutin, respectively. The active compound arctigenin of Fructus Arctii displayed little or no cytotoxicity at all concentrations examined and decreased the relative melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Melanogenic inhibitory activity was also identified in vivo with zebrafish embryo. To determine the mechanism of inhibition, the effects of arctigenin on tyrosinase gene expression and tyrosinase promoter activity were examined. Also in addition, in the signaling cascade, arctigenin dose dependently decreased the cAMP level and promoted the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. This result suggests that arctigenin downregulates cAMP and the tyrosinase enzyme through its gene promoter and subsequently upregulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity by increasing phosphorylation in the melanogenesis signaling pathway, which leads to a lower melanin content.
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25
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Wang W, Pan Q, Han XY, Wang J, Tan RQ, He F, Dou DQ, Kang TG. Simultaneous determination of arctiin and its metabolites in rat urine and feces by HPLC. Fitoterapia 2013; 86:6-12. [PMID: 23380537 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arctiin, an important lignan compound in Fructus Arctii, has been reported to possess various kinds of bioactivities. Previous studies on the pharmacokinetic of arctiin after oral administration showed that it had a rapid absorption phase followed by a sharp but lasting disappearance. To gain deep insight into the action mechanism of arctiin, the excretion and metabolism of arctiin in vivo should be further studied. In this paper, three metabolites were isolated and identified in rat feces as (-)-enterolactone (M-1), (-)-arctigenin (M-2) and [(2R,3R)-2-(3'-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3″,4″-dimethoxybenzyl)-butyrolactone] (M-3). Based on the structures of three metabolites, possible metabolic pathways of arctiin in rats are proposed. At the same time, the cumulative excretion rate of arctiin and its metabolites in rat urine and feces were determined, indicating that arctiin was excreted 19.84% in urine and 1.80% in feces, respectively, enterolactone, the most main metabolite, was excreted 35.80% in feces. These results provide very important information for understanding the metabolism and excretion of arctiin in vivo and speculating its action mechanism, they can provide useful information and reference for further metabolic investigations on arctiin in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
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26
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Curative effects of oleanolic Acid on formed hypertrophic scars in the rabbit ear model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:837581. [PMID: 23326292 PMCID: PMC3544331 DOI: 10.1155/2012/837581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring is a common proliferative disorder of dermal fibroblasts characterized by collagen overproduction and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). There is no consensus about the best therapeutics to produce complete and permanent improvement of scars with few side effects. To investigate the therapeutic effects of oleanolic acid (OA) on hypertrophic scars and explore the possible mechanism of action involved, a rabbit ear model with hypertrophic scars was established. OA (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) was given once daily to the scars for 28 consecutive days. As a result, OA significantly alleviated formed hypertrophic scars on rabbit ears. The levels of TGF-β1, MMP-1, TIMP-1, and collagens I and III were notably decreased, and the number of apoptosis cells and mRNA expression of MMP-2, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were markedly increased in the scar tissue. The scar elevation index (SEI) was also evidently reduced. Histological findings exhibited significant amelioration of the collagen tissue. These results suggest that OA has the favorable curative effects on formed hypertrophic scars in the rabbit ear model, and the possible mechanism of action is that OA decreases HSFs proliferation and increases HSFs apoptosis by reduction of P311 gene expression and TGF-β1 production, inhibition of TIMP-1 secretion, enhancement of MMP-2 activity, and subsequently facilitation of degradation of collagen types I and III.
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Ma ST, Liu DL, Deng JJ, Niu R, Liu RB. Effect of Arctiin on Glomerular Filtration Barrier Damage in STZ-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy Rats. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1474-80. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Ma
- Department of Pharmacy; Chengdu Medical College; Chengdu 610083 China
| | - Dong-lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy; Chengdu Medical College; Chengdu 610083 China
| | - Jing-jing Deng
- Department of Pharmacy; Chengdu Medical College; Chengdu 610083 China
| | - Rui Niu
- Chengdu Shangke Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; Chengdu 610072 China
| | - Rui-bin Liu
- Chongqing Kerui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; Chongqing 400060 China
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Zhang H, Yu CH, Jiang YP, Peng C, He K, Tang JY, Xin HL. Protective effects of polydatin from Polygonum cuspidatum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46574. [PMID: 23029551 PMCID: PMC3461010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydatin is one of main compounds in Polygonum cuspidatum, a plant with both medicinal and nutritional value. The possible hepatoprotective effects of polydatin on acute liver injury mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and the mechanisms involved were investigated. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (50 µl/kg) resulted in a significant increase in the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), also a marked enhancement in the expression of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclearfactor-kappa B (NF-κB). On the other hand, decreased glutathione (GSH) content and activities of glutathione transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were observed following CCl4 exposure. Nevertheless, all of these phenotypes were evidently reversed by preadministration of polydatin for 5 continuous days. The mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatic growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) were enhanced further by polydatin. These results suggest that polydatin protects mice against CCl4-induced liver injury through antioxidant stress and antiinflammatory effects. Polydatin may be an effective hepatoprotective agent and a promising candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress- and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CP); (JYT); (HLX)
| | - Kun He
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yuan Tang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CP); (JYT); (HLX)
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CP); (JYT); (HLX)
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Kim YJ, Kang SC, NamKoong S, Choung MG, Sohn EH. Anti-inflammatory Effects by Arctium lappa L. Root Extracts through the Regulation of ICAM-1 and Nitric Oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7732/kjpr.2012.25.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang H, Ran X, Hu CL, Qin LP, Lu Y, Peng C. Therapeutic effects of liposome-enveloped Ligusticum chuanxiong essential oil on hypertrophic scars in the rabbit ear model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31157. [PMID: 22363569 PMCID: PMC3283605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring, a common proliferative disorder of dermal fibroblasts, results from an overproduction of fibroblasts and excessive deposition of collagen. Although treatment with surgical excision or steroid hormones can modify the symptoms, numerous treatment-related complications have been described. In view of this, we investigated the therapeutic effects of essential oil (EO) from rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae) on formed hypertrophic scars in a rabbit ear model. EO was prepared as a liposomal formulation (liposome-enveloped essential oil, LEO) and a rabbit ear model with hypertrophic scars was established. LEO (2.5, 5, and 10%) was applied once daily to the scars for 28 days. On postoperative day 56, the scar tissue was excised for masson's trichrome staining, detection of fibroblast apoptosis, assays of the levels of collagens I and III, and analysis of the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), caspase-3 and -9, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). In addition, the scar elevation index (SEI) was also determined. As a result, LEO treatment significantly alleviated formed hypertrophic scars on rabbit ears. The levels of TGF-β1, MMP-1, collagen I, and collagen III were evidently decreased, and caspase -3 and -9 levels and apoptosis cells were markedly increased in the scar tissue. SEI was also significantly reduced. Histological findings exhibited significant amelioration of the collagen tissue. These results suggest that LEO possesses the favorable therapeutic effects on formed hypertrophic scars in the rabbit ear model and may be an effective cure for human hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Ran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Ling Hu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LPQ); (CP)
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LPQ); (CP)
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Wu JG, Wei YJ, Ran X, Zhang H, Nian H, Qin LP. Inhibitory effects of essential oil from rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong on hypertrophic scarring in the rabbit ear model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:764-769. [PMID: 21639690 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.542761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypertrophic scarring, a common proliferative disorder of dermal fibroblasts, results from an overproduction of collagen and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Although the treatment with surgical excisions or steroid hormones can modify the symptoms, numerous treatment-related complications have also been established. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of essential oil (EO) from rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae) on hypertrophic scarring in a rabbit ear model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rabbit ear model of hypertrophic scarring was established. EO (5, 10, and 20%) was applied once daily to the scars for 22 days. After 28 days of post-wounding, excision of scars was respectively performed for both histological examination and assays of the levels of collagen I, collagen III, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β₁). The scar elevation index (SEI) was also determined. RESULTS After 22 days of treatment with indicated concentrations of EO, hypertrophic scarring was significantly inhibited in the rabbit ears. The levels of TGF-β₁, collagen I, and collagen III evidently decreased and MMP-1 level markedly increased in the scar tissue. SEI was also significantly reduced. Immunohistochemical findings exhibited significant amelioration of the scar tissue. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION EO suppresses hypertrophic scarring in the rabbit ear model and is a probably effective cure for human hypertrophic scarring.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/drug therapy
- Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Ear, External/pathology
- Male
- Oils, Volatile/administration & dosage
- Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification
- Oils, Volatile/pharmacology
- Rabbits
- Rhizome
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Wu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Wei YJ, Yan XQ, Ma L, Wu JG, Zhang H, Qin LP. Oleanolic acid inhibits hypertrophic scarring in the rabbit ear model. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 36:528-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.04012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wu JG, Ma L, Zhang SY, Zhu ZZ, Zhang H, Qin LP, Wei YJ. Essential oil from rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong induces apoptosis in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:86-93. [PMID: 20815693 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.499517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypertrophic scarring following surgical procedures, trauma and especially burns can lead to severe functional and cosmetic impairment, causing a decrease in the quality of life. Although a wide choice of treatments is offered, few therapeutic methods are universally accepted because of their side effects. OBJECTIVE The effects of the essential oil (EO) extracted from rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae) in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) are investigated for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical composition of hydrodistilled EO obtained from rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of EO on cell viability, apoptosis rate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 in HSFs were investigated. RESULTS The experimental results showed that EO significantly inhibited cell viability, elicited morphological changes and induced apoptosis in HSFs. EO also evidently increased the loss of MMP, the levels of LDH release and cellular ROS production, and the activity of caspase-3. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION EO-induced apoptosis was at least partially carried out via destruction of the intracellular antioxidant system and elicitation of excessive ROS accumulation in HSFs, which impaired mitochondrial membranes and elicited caspase-3 activation. EO could be an effective cure for human hypertrophic scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Wu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
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