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Wang Z, Shi Y, Zhang X, Sun J, Guo D, Luan F, Zhao G, Zou J. Research progress in the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and quality control of Valeriana jatamansi Jones. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118403. [PMID: 38821137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE Valeriana jatamansi Jones, belongs to the Valerianaceae family, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda, traditional Indian medicine (TIM). This traditional herb has been officially listed in the pharmacopoeia of sixteen countries. Its usage was first described in Diannan Bencao, also known as "Zhizhuxiang", is a famous folk medicine herb with a long history of medicinal usage in China, and it was used to treat indigestion, flu, and mental disorders in the Han, Achang, Bai, Blang, Dai, Jingpo, Naxi, and Wa ethnic groups. In recent years, V. jatamansi has attracted worldwide attention as an important medicinal due to its pharmacological activity especially in nervous and digestive systems, and multiple uses. AIM OF THE STUDY The current review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control of V. jatamansi. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant information of V. jatamansi was obtained from several databases including Web of Science, PubMed, ACS Publications, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Ph.D. and MSc dissertations, using "Valeriana jatamansi Jones", "Valeriana jatamansi", and "" as keywords. After eliminating repetitive and low-quality reports, the remaining reports were analyzed and summarized to prepare this review. Plant information was retrieved by www.worldfloraonline.org and www.gbif.org using "Valeriana jatamansi Jones" as keyword. RESULTS V. jatamansi has been historically utilized as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including infectious, inflammatory, neurological, and gastrointestinal disorders. More than 400 compounds have been identified in V. jatamansi including iridoids, volatile oils, lignans, flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, triterpenes as well as other compounds. The plant extracts and compounds showed various pharmacological activities such as antitumor, cytotoxic, antivirus, etc. In addition, V. jatamansi has found various applications in the agricultural, food, and cosmetics industry. CONCLUSION A review of literature shows V. jatamansi has pharmacological properties valuable in treating diseases, particularly for antianxiety and gastrointestinal disorders. Despite a wide spectrum of effects from specific compounds, research mainly focuses on in vitro and in vivo, with a lack of pharmacokinetics, clinical trials and underlying mechanisms. Consequently, it becomes important to embark on additional researchs to elucidate the pharmacokinetics, material basis and mechanisms of V. jatamansi, thereby realizing the aspiration of its comprehensive utilization and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Ge Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China.
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Ge S, Wang L, Jin C, Xie H, Zheng G, Cui Z, Zhang C. Unveiling the neuroprotection effects of Volvalerenic acid A: Mitochondrial fusion induction via IDO1-mediated Stat3-Opa1 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155555. [PMID: 38579641 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Studies have suggested that cerebral ischemia induces massive mitochondrial damage. Valerianic acid A (VaA) is the main active ingredient of valerianic acid with neuroprotective activity. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of VaA with ischemic stroke and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHOD In this study, we established the oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) cell model and the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) animal model in vitro and in vivo. Neurological behavior score, 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) Staining were used to detect the neuroprotection of VaA in MCAO/R rats. Also, the levels of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and activities of NAD+ were detected to reflect mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, gene knockout experiments, transfection experiments, immunofluorescence, DARTS, and molecular dynamics simulation experiments showed that VaA bound to IDO1 regulated the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism and prevented Stat3 dephosphorylation, promoting Stat3 activation and subsequent transcription of the mitochondrial fusion-related gene Opa1. RESULTS We showed that VaA decreased the infarct volume in a dose-dependent manner and exerted neuroprotective effects against reperfusion injury. Furthermore, VaA promoted Opa1-related mitochondrial fusion and reversed neuronal mitochondrial damage and loss after reperfusion injury. In SH-SY5Y cells, VaA (5, 10, 20 μM) exerted similar protective effects against OGD/R-induced injury. We then examined the expression of significant enzymes regulating the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway of the ipsilateral brain tissue of the ischemic stroke rat model, and these enzymes may play essential roles in ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we found that VaA can bind to the initial rate-limiting enzyme IDO1 in the Kyn pathway and prevent Stat3 phosphorylation, promoting Stat3 activation and subsequent transcription of the mitochondrial fusion-related gene Opa1. Using in vivo IDO1 knockdown and in vitro IDO1 overexpressing models, we demonstrated that the promoted mitochondrial fusion and neuroprotective effects of VaA were IDO1-dependent. CONCLUSION VaA administration improved neurological function by promoting mitochondrial fusion through the IDO1-mediated Stat3-Opa1 pathway, indicating its potential as a therapeutic drug for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchun Ge
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chang Jin
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Haifeng Xie
- Research and Development Department, Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 21000, China
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Aziz N, Wal P, Patel A, Prajapati H. A comprehensive review on the pharmacological role of gut microbiome in neurodegenerative disorders: potential therapeutic targets. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03109-4. [PMID: 38734839 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson's, pose significant challenges to public health due to their complex etiologies and limited treatment options. Recent advances in research have highlighted the intricate bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), revealing a potential therapeutic avenue for neurological disorders. Thus, this review aims to summarize the current understanding of the pharmacological role of gut microbiome in neurological disorders. Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating CNS function through various mechanisms, including the production of neurotransmitters, neuroactive metabolites, and immune system modulation. Dysbiosis, characterized by alterations in gut microbial composition and function, has been observed in many neurological disorders, indicating a potential causative or contributory role. Pharmacological interventions targeting the gut microbiome have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders. Probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and microbial metabolite-based interventions have shown beneficial effects in animal models and some human studies. These interventions aim to restore microbial homeostasis, enhance microbial diversity, and promote the production of beneficial metabolites. However, several challenges remain, including the need for standardized protocols, identification of specific microbial signatures associated with different neurological disorders, and understanding the precise mechanisms underlying gut-brain communication. Further research is necessary to unravel the intricate interactions between the gut microbiome and the CNS and to develop targeted pharmacological interventions for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namra Aziz
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India.
| | - Aman Patel
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Harshit Prajapati
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
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Pinder NE, Ligocki IY, Horton BM, Hoover JE. Valerenic acid reduces anxiety-like behavior in young adult, female (C57BL/6J) mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 457:114717. [PMID: 37852540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from the plant Valeriana officinalis are marketed as an herbal remedy to treat anxiety and insomnia. Valerenic acid (VA) is a major chemical component of Valeriana extracts. To date, there is relatively little information about how VA affects behavior. The purpose of these experiments was to (1) test whether administration of VA induces measurable changes in anxiety-like, depression-like, or locomotor behaviors; (2) determine whether the effects of VA on behavior are dose-dependent; and (3) compare the effects of VA on behavior to those of diazepam, a commonly prescribed treatment for anxiety. Young adult, female mice (C57BL/6J; 3-4 months old; 12 mice/group) were given one of three dosages of VA (3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, or 12 mg/kg), diazepam (1 mg/kg), or a vehicle control solution (20% ethanol v/v) by intraperitoneal injection. Thirty minutes after injection, each mouse was tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), and tail suspension test (TST), in that order. All tests were video recorded and analyzed for relevant behavioral parameters. The results demonstrated that VA treatment effectively reduced multiple anxiety-related behaviors measured in the EPM. In fact, at a dose of 12 mg/kg, the anxiolytic effect of VA was just as robust as that of diazepam. Furthermore, the effects of VA on behavior were specifically anxiolytic, as VA did not induce changes in locomotor activity in the OFT, or depression-related behavior as measured in the TST. Our results provide strong support for VA as a putative anxiolytic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Pinder
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, P.O. Box 1002, Millersville, PA 17551, USA
| | - Isaac Y Ligocki
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, P.O. Box 1002, Millersville, PA 17551, USA
| | - Brent M Horton
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, P.O. Box 1002, Millersville, PA 17551, USA
| | - John E Hoover
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, P.O. Box 1002, Millersville, PA 17551, USA.
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Erdoğan M, Aru B, Yılmaz ŞT, Yeşilada E, Yanıkkaya-Demirel G, Kırmızıbekmez H. Secondary metabolites from the underground parts of Valeriana sisymbriifolia Vahl. and their in vitro cytotoxic activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 208:113590. [PMID: 36696936 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic activity-guided isolation studies on the underground parts of Valeriana sisymbriifolia Vahl. led to the isolation of 12 secondary metabolites including two undescribed iridoids, sisymbriifolivaltrate and sisymbriifolioside, and two unreported sesquiterpene lactones, sisymbriifolins A and B. Chemical structures of the isolates were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses as well as HR-ESI-MS. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the extract, sub-fractions and isolates on lung (A549), breast (MCF7), gastric (HGC27) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines were evaluated by MTS assay. Sisymbriifolivaltrate, didrovaltrate, valtrate, 7-homovaltrate and 1-α-acevaltrate exhibited promising cytotoxic activity on MCF7 cell line with IC50 values ranging from 2.5 to 12.3 μM, while valtrate demonstrated the best cytotoxicity against A549 cells with the IC50 value of 7.5 μM. Valtrate and 7-homovaltrate were found to exert noteworthy cytotoxicity towards HGC27 cell line (IC50 values: 2.3 and 3.7 μM, respectively), whereas valtrate, 7-homovaltrate and 1-α-acevaltrate (IC50 values: 2.3-9.7 μM) were found to be potent cytotoxic against PC3 cells. Among the tested compounds, particularly valepotriate-type iridoids were found to be the main cytotoxic principles of V. sisymbriifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Erdoğan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, TR-34755, Kayışdğı, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Başak Aru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, TR-34755, Kayışdağı, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Şeref Tayga Yılmaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, TR-34755, Kayışdağı, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Erdem Yeşilada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, TR-34755, Kayışdğı, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gülderen Yanıkkaya-Demirel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, TR-34755, Kayışdağı, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Kırmızıbekmez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, TR-34755, Kayışdğı, İstanbul, Türkiye.
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Biological Evaluation of Valeriana Extracts from Argentina with Potent Cholinesterase Inhibition for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders and Their Comorbidities-The Case of Valeriana carnosa Sm. (Caprifoliaceae) Studied in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010129. [PMID: 36678626 PMCID: PMC9861714 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose pathophysiology includes the abnormal accumulation of proteins (e.g., β-amyloid), oxidative stress, and alterations in neurotransmitter levels, mainly acetylcholine. Here we present a comparative study of the effect of extracts obtained from endemic Argentinian species of valerians, namely V. carnosa Sm., V. clarionifolia Phil. and V. macrorhiza Poepp. ex DC from Patagonia and V. ferax (Griseb.) Höck and V. effusa Griseb., on different AD-related biological targets. Of these anxiolytic, sedative and sleep-inducing valerians, V. carnosa proved the most promising and was assayed in vivo. All valerians inhibited acetylcholinesterase (IC50 between 1.08-12.69 mg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 between 0.0019-1.46 mg/mL). They also inhibited the aggregation of β-amyloid peptide, were able to chelate Fe2+ ions, and exhibited a direct relationship between antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. Moreover, V. carnosa was able to inhibit human monoamine oxidase A (IC50: 0.286 mg/mL (0.213-0.384)). A daily intake of aqueous V. carnosa extract by male Swiss mice (50 and 150 mg/kg/day) resulted in anxiolytic and antidepressant-like behavior and improved spatial memory. In addition, decreased AChE activity and oxidative stress markers were observed in treated mouse brains. Our studies contribute to the development of indigenous herbal medicines as therapeutic agents for AD.
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Bączek KB, Kosakowska O, Boczkowska M, Bolc P, Chmielecki R, Pióro-Jabrucka E, Raj K, Węglarz Z. Intraspecific Variability of Wild-Growing Common Valerian ( Valeriana officinalis L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3455. [PMID: 36559567 PMCID: PMC9788427 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Common valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) is an important medicinal plant revealing sedative, hypotensive, anti-spasmodic and anxiolytic activity. The purpose of the study was to determine the intraspecific variability of the common valerian growing wild in Poland and the 'Lubelski' landrace, as to their developmental traits, chemical composition and selected genetic parameters. Both wild-growing populations (19) and the landrace (1) were evaluated under ex situ conditions. Observations of the underground organs parameters, both developmental and chemical (according to the European Pharmacopoeia) were carried out in the first year of the plant's development, while the characteristics of the aboveground organs, followed by the sowing value of seeds (according to the International Seed Testing Association)-in the second year. The genetic analyses were performed using the NGS-DArT-seq method. Results indicate the presence of five different gene pools covering the regions of population's origin, with a gene flow within and between them. A high level of developmental and chemical variabilities among the wild-growing populations was noticed, however without a clear relation to the region of the origin. The mass of underground organs ranged from 107.4 to 403.6 g FW × plant-1 with the content of sesquiterpenic acids at the level of 0.004-0.094%. Population no 18 was distinguished by the highest content of sesquiterpenic acids and the relatively high mass of underground organs, followed by the admixture of the gene pool, typical for the 'Lubelski' landrace. Unlike the 'Lubelski' landrace, the wild-growing populations were characterized by a high amount of an essential oils (3.90 to 10.04 mL/kg), which may be promising from the perspective of their potential use. In turn, the sowing value of the seeds obtained from the populations, expressed as the germinability, was rather low (25.25-62.25%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Barbara Bączek
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Kosakowska
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maja Boczkowska
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, 05-870 Radzików, Poland
- Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden, 02-973 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paulina Bolc
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, 05-870 Radzików, Poland
| | | | - Ewelina Pióro-Jabrucka
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kavana Raj
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zenon Węglarz
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Dodd F, Kennedy D, Wightman E, Khan J, Patan M, Elcoate R, Jackson P. The chronic effects of a combination of herbal extracts (Euphytose ®) on psychological mood state and response to a laboratory stressor: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind study in healthy humans. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:1243-1256. [PMID: 35875924 PMCID: PMC9643820 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders has been estimated at approximately 16.6%, with subclinical prevalence likely much higher. Herbal approaches to reduce anxiety may be as effective as pharmacological treatments and are less likely to be associated with adverse side effects. The herbal species, namely, valerian, passionflower, hawthorn and ballota, have a long history of use as anxiolytics in traditional medicine, further supported by recent pre-clinical and clinical trials. AIMS To assess the effects of chronic (14 days) supplementation with a multi-herb extract preparation (MHEP, Euphytose®) on psychological state and psychological and physiological stress responses during a laboratory stressor. METHODS In this crossover study, 31 healthy participants (aged 19-58 years) received a MHEP and placebo for 14 days with a 28-day washout. Anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), mood and physiological measures of stress (heart rate, galvanic skin response, salivary α-amylase and cortisol levels) were measured before and after an Observed Multitasking Stressor. Cognitive performance was also assessed. RESULTS MHEP was associated with reduced tension-anxiety (p = 0.038), with participants showing an attenuated response to the observed multitasking psychosocial stressor following MHEP, evidenced by lower salivary α-amylase (p = 0.041) and galvanic skin response (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The combination of herbal extracts contained within the MHEP reduced subjective anxiety in a healthy population and lowered electrodermal skin conductance and concentration of salivary α-amylase in response to a psychosocial stressor, compared to placebo. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT03909906).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Dodd
- Department of Psychology, Brain,
Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK,Fiona Dodd, Department of Psychology,
Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University,
Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - David Kennedy
- Department of Psychology, Brain,
Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Wightman
- Nutrition Trials at Northumbria
(NUTRAN) Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julie Khan
- Department of Psychology, Brain,
Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Patan
- Department of Psychology, Brain,
Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
| | - Rian Elcoate
- Department of Psychology, Brain,
Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
| | - Philippa Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Brain,
Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
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Sharma R, Patil C, Majeed J, Kumar S, Aggarwal G. Next-generation sequencing in the biodiversity conservation of endangered medicinal plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73795-73808. [PMID: 36098925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used as traditional herbal medicines in the treatment of various types of diseases. However, the increased demand for these plants highlights the importance of conservation specifically for endangered species. Significant advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have accelerated medicinal plant research while reducing costs and time demands. NGS systems enable high-throughput whole genome sequencing as well as direct RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis. The sequence data sets created can be used in a variety of areas of study, including biodiversity conservation, comparative genomics, transcriptomic analysis, single cell mining, metagenomics, epigenetics, molecular marker discovery, multi genome sequencing, and so on. Commercial sequencing service providers are constantly working to improve technologies to address bioinformatics problems in NGS data analysis. Several genome sequencing projects on medicinal plants have been completed recently and a few more are in the works. In some medicinal plants, massive NGS-based data has been developed. In the present review, we have attempted to briefly discuss advancements in NGS technology on medicinally essential plants in India. The review will also provide ideas for applying NGS technologies for exploring genomes of various endangered medicinal plants whose genome sequences are not normally available and thus provides valuable insights for the conservation of these vulnerable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Sharma
- Centre for Precision Medicine and Pharmacy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Chandragouda Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Jaseela Majeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Centre for Precision Medicine and Pharmacy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Li J, Li X, Wang C, Zhang M, Ye M, Wang Q. The potential of Valeriana as a traditional Chinese medicine: traditional clinical applications, bioactivities, and phytochemistry. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973138. [PMID: 36210806 PMCID: PMC9534556 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Valeriana plants are members of the Caprifoliaceae family, which include more than 200 species worldwide. We summarized previous reports on traditional clinical applications, bioactivities, and phytochemistry of Valeriana by searching electronic databases of Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and some books. Some Valeriana species have been used as traditional medicines, demonstrating calming fright and tranquilizing mind, promoting Qi and blood, activating blood circulation and regulating menstruation, dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, regulating Qi-flowing to relieve pain, and promoting digestion and checking diarrhea, and treating diseases of the nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive systems, inflammation, gynecology, and others. Pharmacology studies revealed the effects of Valeriana, including sedative, hypnotic, antispasmodic, analgesic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, antiepileptic, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, cytotoxic, and antitumor effects as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system improvements. More than 800 compounds have been isolated or identified from Valeriana, including iridoids, lignans, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, and essential oils. Constituents with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and sedative activities were also identified. However, at present, the developed drugs from Valeriana are far from sufficient. We further discussed the pharmacological effects, effective constituents, and mechanisms directly related to the traditional clinical applications of Valeriana, revealing that only several species and their essential oils were well developed to treat insomnia. To effectively promote the utilization of resources, more Valeriana species as well as their different medicinal parts should be the focus of future related studies. Clinical studies should be performed based on the traditional efficacies of Valeriana to facilitate their use in treating diseases of nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive systems, inflammation, and gynecology. Future studies should also focus on developing effective fractions or active compounds of Valeriana into new drugs to treat diseases associated with neurodegeneration, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular, inflammation and tumors. Our review will promote the development and utilization of potential drugs in Valeriana and avoid wasting their medicinal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Standardized Processing of Chinese Materia Medica, College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Changfu Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Standardized Processing of Chinese Materia Medica, College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Standardized Processing of Chinese Materia Medica, College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhui Ye
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Standardized Processing of Chinese Materia Medica, College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Standardized Processing of Chinese Materia Medica, College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Erdoğan M, Aru B, Tayğun UC, Şimşek C, Yeşilada E, Yanıkkaya‐Demirel G, Kırmızıbekmez H. Activity‐Guided Isolation of Cytotoxic Non‐Glycosidic Ester Iridoids from
Valeriana alliariifolia
Adams and Unravelling Their Cell Death Mechanisms. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200659. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Erdoğan
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Yeditepe University TR-34755 Kayışdağı İstanbul Turkey
| | - Başak Aru
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine Yeditepe University TR-34755 Kayışdağı İstanbul Turkey
| | - Umut Can Tayğun
- Faculty of Pharmacy Yeditepe University TR-34755 Kayışdağı İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ceren Şimşek
- Faculty of Pharmacy Yeditepe University TR-34755 Kayışdağı İstanbul Turkey
| | - Erdem Yeşilada
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Yeditepe University TR-34755 Kayışdağı İstanbul Turkey
| | | | - Hasan Kırmızıbekmez
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Yeditepe University TR-34755 Kayışdağı İstanbul Turkey
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12
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Dahchour A. Anxiolytic and antidepressive potentials of rosmarinic acid: A review with a focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106421. [PMID: 36096427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders that have emerged as global health concerns. Anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, such as benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and tricyclics, are the first line used in treating anxiety and depression. Although these drugs lack efficacy and have a delayed response time and numerous side effects, their widespread abuse and market continue to grow. Over time, traditional practices using natural and phytochemicals as alternative therapies to chemical drugs have emerged to treat many pathological conditions, including anxiety and depression. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that the phenolic compound, rosmarinic acid, is effective against several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. In addition, rosmarinic acid showed various pharmacological effects, such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, lung protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the potentialities of the use of rosmarinic acid in the treatment of nervous system-related disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are less or not yet reviewed. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to present several preclinical and clinical studies, when available, from different databases investigating the effects of rosmarinic acid on anxiety and depression. These studies showed that rosmarinic acid produces advantageous effects on anxiety and depression through its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review will examine and discuss the possibility that the anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects of rosmarinic acid could be associated with its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Dahchour
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco.
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13
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Zhao M, Zhang C, Wang H, He S, Lu W. Biosynthesis of valerenic acid by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:857-865. [PMID: 35643816 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To produce valerenic acid (VA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by engineering a heterologous synthetic pathway. RESULT Valerena-4,7(11)-diene synthase (VDS) derived from Valeriana officinalis (valerian) was expressed in S. cerevisiae to generate valerena-4,7(11)-diene as the precursor of VA. By overexpressing the key genes of the mevalonate pathway ERG8, ERG12 and ERG19, and integrating 4 copies of MBP (maltose-binding protein)-VDS-ERG20 gene expression caskets into the genome, the production of valerena-4,7(11)-diene was improved to 75 mg/L. On this basis, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase LsGAO2 derived from Lactuca sativa was expressed to oxidize valerena-4,7(11)-diene to produce VA, and the most effective VA production strain was used for fermentation. The yield of VA reached 2.8 mg/L in the flask and 6.8 mg/L in a 5-L bioreactor fed glucose. CONCLUSIONS An S. cerevisiae strain was constructed and optimized to produce VA, but the valerena-4,7(11)-diene oxidation by LsGAO2 is still the rate-limiting step for VA synthesis that needs to be further optimized in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifan He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. .,Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Tangxing Road 133, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Allameh M, Orsat V. Herbal Anxiolytics: Sources and Their Preparation Methods. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2043895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Allameh
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - V. Orsat
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
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15
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Schäfer AM, Gilgen PM, Spirgi C, Potterat O, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE. Constituents of Passiflora incarnata, but Not of Valeriana officinalis, Interact with the Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP)2B1 and OATP1A2. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:152-162. [PMID: 33511622 DOI: 10.1055/a-1305-3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medication used in the treatment of sleep disorders and anxiety often contain extracts of Valeriana officinalis or Passiflora incarnata. Valerenic acid in V. officinalis and apigenin, orientin, and vitexin in P. incarnata are thought to contribute to their therapeutic effect. It was the aim of this study to test whether these constituents of herbal extracts are interacting with the uptake of estrone 3-sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate mediated by the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) or organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2). Madin-Darby canine kidney cells overexpressing OATP2B1 or OATP1A2 were used to determine the influence of the constituents on the cellular accumulation of the sulfated steroids. Subsequently, competitive counterflow experiments were applied to test whether identified inhibitors are also substrates of the transporters. Valerenic acid only interacted with OATP2B1, whereas apigenin, orientin, and vitexin interacted with OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. Competitive counterflow revealed that orientin is a substrate of both transporters, while apigenin was transported by OATP1A2 and vitexin by OATP2B1. In a next step, commercially available P. incarnata preparations were assessed for their influence on the transporters, revealing inhibition of transporter-mediated estrone 3-sulfate uptake. HPLC-UV-MS analysis confirmed the presence of orientin and vitexin in these preparations, thereby suggesting that these constituents are involved in the interaction. Our data indicate that constituents of P. incarnata may alter the function of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, which could affect the uptake of other compounds relying on uptake mediated by the transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anima M Schäfer
- Biopharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierrine M Gilgen
- Biopharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clara Spirgi
- Biopharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Anxiolytic Effect and Improved Sleep Quality in Individuals Taking Lippia citriodora Extract. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010218. [PMID: 35011093 PMCID: PMC8747367 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current fast-moving, hectic lifestyle has increased the number of individuals worldwide with difficulties in managing stress, which in turn is also affecting their sleep quality. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to assess a natural plant-based dietary supplement comprised of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) extract, purified in phenylpropanoids, in alleviating stress and improving quality of sleep. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted for 8 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period. Both validated questionnaires and functional tests were performed during the study, whereas questionnaires were used after the washout. As a result, the group taking the lemon verbena extract significantly reduced their perception of stress after 8 weeks, which was corroborated by a significant decrease in cortisol levels. After the washout period, the subjects reported to present even lower stress levels, due to the lasting effect of the ingredient. As for sleep quality, the subjects taking the supplement reported feeling better rested, with a stronger effect observed in women. Sleep tracking using a wearable device revealed that the supplement users improved their times in the deeper stages of sleep, specifically their percentage of time in deep sleep and REM. In conclusion, lemon verbena extract purified in phenylpropanoids is revealed as a natural solution to help individuals to improve their stress and sleep quality.
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17
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Shahrajabian MH. Powerful Stress Relieving Medicinal Plants for Anger, Anxiety, Depression, and Stress During Global Pandemic. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2022; 16:284-310. [PMID: 35319401 DOI: 10.2174/1872208316666220321102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Consideration and improvement for anxiety and depression are important during a global pandemic. Appropriate healthcare can be obtained by paying more attention to traditional medicinal sciences. The adverse effects of stress with various symptoms can be managed by introducing plants that boost mental health. The most relevant psychological reactions in the general population related to the global pandemic are pervasive anxiety, frustration and boredom, specific and uncontrolled fear, disabling loneliness, significant lifestyle changes, and psychiatric conditions. Ginseng, chamomile, passionflower, herbal tea, lavender, saffron, kava, rose, cardamom, Chinese date, and some chief formula like yokukansan, Dan-zhi-xiao-yao-san, so-ochim-tang-gamiband, and saikokaryukotsuboreito are notable herbal treatments for mental health problems. The most common medicinal plants that have been used in Iran for the cure of stress and anxiety are Viper's-buglosses, Dracocephalum, valerian, chamomile, common hop, hawthorns, and lavender. Medicinal plants and herbs can be used for the treatment and alleviation of the negative effects of stress, anger, and depression during the global pandemic.
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18
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Traditional Herbal Remedies Used for Managing Anxiety and Insomnia in Italy: An Ethnopharmacological Overview. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and insomnia are among the most common mental health disorders and are a major cause of disability around the world. Traditional herbal medicines are receiving significant attention in global health debates. Several Italian regions maintain rural traditions and are among the most extensively studied areas of Europe regarding medicinal plant uses. The present overview aims to highlight the use of wild and cultivated plants, specifically as sedatives and for insomnia treatment in Italy, and to collect, analyze, and summarize the available literature about their pharmacological activity as well as clinical and pre-clinical studies concerning the most cited plants. In total, 106 wild taxa are used in Italy for sedative purposes. The plant species belong to 76 genera and 32 families, of which the most cited are Asteraceae (24.2%) and Lamiaceae (21.1%). Leaves (29%) and flowers (27%) are the plant parts mostly used as infusion (70%) and decoction (25%). Out of 106 taxa documented, only the most cited are analyzed in this overview (A. arvensis L., C. nepeta L., C. monogyna Jacq., H. lupulus L., L. nobilis L., L. angustifolia Mill., M. sylvestris L., M. chamomilla L., M. officinalis L., O. basilicum L., P. rhoeas L., P. somniferum L., R. officinalis L., T. platyphyllus Scop., and V. officinalis L.). Among the fifteen species selected, only seven have been studied for their pharmacological activity as hypnotic-sedatives. Future pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed to better clarify the mechanism of action of bioactive compounds and confirm the potential of these alternative therapies.
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Shinjyo N, Waddell G, Green J. Valerian Root in Treating Sleep Problems and Associated Disorders-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 25:2515690X20967323. [PMID: 33086877 PMCID: PMC7585905 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x20967323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep problems are widely prevalent and associated with various comorbidities including anxiety. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) is a popular herbal medicine used as a sleep aid, however the outcomes of previous clinical studies are inconsistent. This study was conducted to update and re-evaluate the available data in order to understand the reason behind the inconsistent outcomes and to provide a broader view of the use of valerian for associated disorders. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library were searched to retrieve publications relevant to the effectiveness of valerian as a treatment of sleep problems and associated disorders. A total of 60 studies (n=6,894) were included in this review, and meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the effectiveness to improve subjective sleep quality (10 studies, n=1,065) and to reduce anxiety (8 studies, n=535). Results suggested that inconsistent outcomes were possibly due to the variable quality of herbal extracts and that more reliable effects could be expected from the whole root/rhizome. In addition, therapeutic benefits could be optimized when it was combined with appropriate herbal partners. There were no severe adverse events associated with valerian intake in subjects aged between 7 and 80 years. In conclusion, valerian could be a safe and effective herb to promote sleep and prevent associated disorders. However, due to the presence of multiple active constituents and relatively unstable nature of some of the active constituents, it may be necessary to revise the quality control processes, including standardization methods and shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- Department of Infection and Host Defence, Graduate School of Medicine, 12737Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Julia Green
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Life Sciences, 4921University of Westminster, London, UK
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20
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Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae-A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050846. [PMID: 33922184 PMCID: PMC8144999 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Valerianaceae, the sub-family of Caprifoliaceae, contains more than 300 species of annual and perennial herbs, worldwide distributed. Several species are used for their biological properties while some are used as food. Species from the genus Valeriana have been used for their antispasmodic, relaxing, and sedative properties, which have been mainly attributed to the presence of valepotriates, borneol derivatives, and isovalerenic acid. Among this genus, the most common and employed species is Valerianaofficinalis. Although valerian has been traditionally used as a mild sedative, research results are still controversial regarding the role of the different active compounds, the herbal preparations, and the dosage used. The present review is designed to summarize and critically describe the current knowledge on the different plant species belonging to Valerianaceae, their phytochemicals, their uses in the treatment of different diseases with particular emphasis on the effects on the central nervous system. The available information on this sub-family was collected from scientific databases up until year 2020. The following electronic databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used for this review included Valerianaceae, Valeriana, Centranthus, Fedia, Patrinia, Nardostachys, Plectritis, and Valerianella, phytochemical composition, in vivo studies, Central Nervous System, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anxiety, preclinical and clinical studies.
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21
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Soltani A, Bahrami F, Bahari Z, Shankayi Z, Graily-Afra M, Sahraei H. The effects of Valerian on sleep spindles in a model of neuropathic pain. Sleep Sci 2021; 14:133-139. [PMID: 35082982 PMCID: PMC8764951 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Valeriana officinalis is known to be one of the most famous herbal supplements for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Despite its widespread use in most countries all around the world, there is little scientific information and research on how this medication affects sleep patterns, and there are almost no studies on its effects on the characteristics of sleep spindles. Material and Methods The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Valerian extract (VAL) on sleep spindles and induced anxiety in chronic neuropathic pain model in rats. 24 male rats were divided into three groups: neuropathic group (n=9) in which the rats underwent chronic constriction injury (CCI), sham group (n=7) in which the sciatic nerves of the animals were exposed without any constriction and also fed with the vehicle, and the third group was under CCI condition and treated with Valerian (n=8). All the rats underwent electrode implant surgery so that we could record electroencephalogram and electromyography waves. In all the three groups, EEG and EMG recordings were recorded three times (150min each time). The initial recording was just prior to the CCI surgery and the rest were 3 and 6 days following CCI surgery. Moreover, cold allodynia and elevated plus maze tests were performed 3 and 6 days following the CCI surgery. Results Valerian treatment could repair the allodynia induced by neuropathy. On the other hand, by Valerian treatment (400mg/kg) during neuropathy, the REM sleep, decreased and the non-REM sleep increased. Moreover, there was an increment in sleep spindle density and spindle frequency even in neuropathic condition. Discussion This herbal supplement improves the quality of sleep in neuropathy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Soltani
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center - Tehran - Tehran -Iran
| | - Farideh Bahrami
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center - Tehran - Tehran -Iran.,Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Physiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine - Tehran - Tehran - Iran
| | - Zahra Bahari
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center - Tehran - Tehran -Iran.,Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Physiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine - Tehran - Tehran - Iran
| | - Zeinab Shankayi
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center - Tehran - Tehran -Iran.,Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Physiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine - Tehran - Tehran - Iran
| | - Mehdi Graily-Afra
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center - Tehran - Tehran -Iran.,Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Physiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine - Tehran - Tehran - Iran
| | - Hedayat Sahraei
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center - Tehran - Tehran -Iran.,Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Physiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine - Tehran - Tehran - Iran
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22
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Alegiry MH, Hajrah NH, Alzahrani NAY, Shawki HH, Khan M, Zrelli H, Atef A, Kim Y, Alsafari IA, Arfaoui L, Alharby HF, Hajar AS, El-Seedi H, Juneja LR, Sabir JSM, El Omri A. Attitudes Toward Psychological Disorders and Alternative Medicine in Saudi Participants. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:577103. [PMID: 33643086 PMCID: PMC7907434 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.577103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was designed to investigate Saudis' attitudes toward mental distress and psychotropic medication, attribution of causes, expected side effects, and to analyze participants' expectations toward alternative or complementary medicine using aromatic and medicinal plants, through a survey. Method: The study included 674 participants (citizens and residents in Saudi Arabia) who were randomly contacted via email and social media and gave their consent to complete a questionnaire dealing with 39 items that can be clustered in six parts. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square for cross-tabulation were generated using SPSS. Results: Among the 664 participants, 73.4% believed that there are some positive and negative outcomes of psychotropic medication. Participants (72.0%) think that the most important reason leading to psychological disorders is mainly due to the loss of a relative or beloved person, and 73.9% considered psychic session as one of the possible treatments of psychological disorders. Surprisingly, only 18.8% of the participants agreed that medicinal and aromatic plants could be a possible treatment of the psychological disorder. Participants (82%) consider that physicians are the most trustful and preferred source of information about alternative and complementary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Alegiry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid H. Hajrah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada A. Y Alzahrani
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam H. Shawki
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- National Gene Bank of Egypt (NGB), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammadh Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Houda Zrelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Atef
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youngil Kim
- Food Business Promotion Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Ibrahim A. Alsafari
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leila Arfaoui
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S. Hajar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lekh Raj Juneja
- Food Business Promotion Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelfatteh El Omri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Principle of Hot and Cold and Its Clinical Application in Latin American and Caribbean Medicines. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1343:57-83. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80983-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Desmarchelier MR. Clinical Psychopharmacology for the Exotic Animal Practitioner. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2020; 24:17-35. [PMID: 33189249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Literature regarding the clinical use of psychotropic drugs in exotic animals remains scarce. Psychotropic drugs acting on serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid pathways work by decreasing fear and anxiety, reactivity, and hypervigilance, and by improving impulse control. They are indicated for some cases of aggression, self-mutilation, and compulsive and anxiety disorders, including feather-damaging behavior. Side effects are rarely seen when dosages are appropriately adjusted to the individual, starting with a low dose and slowly titrating to effect. Several drug interactions exist between psychotropic drugs and other classes. Psychotropic drugs cannot be used to replace appropriate environmental conditions in exotic animals. before "Side effects".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion R Desmarchelier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Bottoni M, Milani F, Colombo L, Nallio K, Colombo PS, Giuliani C, Bruschi P, Fico G. Using Medicinal Plants in Valmalenco (Italian Alps): From Tradition to Scientific Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184144. [PMID: 32927742 PMCID: PMC7570945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Caspoggio (Valmalenco, SO, Italy) with the purpose of investigating the traditional uses of medicinal plants. Moreover, a bibliographic research meant to validate or refute the uses, focusing on the potentially responsible compounds, was performed. Fifty-nine species, attributable to 30 families (Asteraceae, Pinaceae, Malvaceae, and Lamiaceae the most cited), were mentioned. Arnica montana, anti-inflammatory for traumas and musculoskeletal pains; Pinus mugo, expectorant; Malva sylvestris, anti-inflammatory and soothing; Achillea moschata, digestive. The compounds, responsible for the therapeutic activities, are often polyphenols and terpenoids: helenanin in A. montana, α-pinene, δ-3-carene, and limonene in P. mugo, gossypin and malvin in M. sylvestris, luteolin and apigenin in A. moschata. Scientific evidence for at least one of the traditional activities described was found for 50 species but only in 26 out of 196 works consulted, it is possible to make a comparison between investigated extracts and traditional preparations. This study is thus a stimulus to new phytochemical investigations, mimicking as much as possible the traditional preparations. This work is part of the European Interreg Italy-Switzerland B-ICE project, aimed at creating a management model for the ongoing climate change and searching for new sources of territory valorization as attractions for tourists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Milani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Kevin Nallio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Sira Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Piero Bruschi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Forestry Science and Technology, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
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A valepotriate-enriched fraction from Valeriana glechomifolia decreases DNA methylation and up-regulate TrkB receptors in the hippocampus of mice. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:333-342. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Assess the misuse potential of clonazepam• Characterize the nonmedical use of clonazepam• Identify the health problems associated with long-term use of clonazepam ABSTRACT: Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine, is commonly used in treating various conditions, including anxiety disorders and epileptic seizures. Due to its low price and easy availability, however, it has become a commonly misused medication, both in medical and recreational contexts. In this review, we aim to highlight the behavioral and pharmacological aspects of clonazepam and its history following its approval for human use. We examine the circumstances commonly associated with the nonmedical use of clonazepam and raise points of particular concern. Clonazepam, alone or in combination with other psychoactive substances, can lead to unwanted effects on health, such as motor and cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, and aggravation of mood and anxiety disorders. Prolonged use of clonazepam may lead to physical dependence and tolerance. There is therefore a need to find safer therapeutic alternatives for treating seizures and anxiety disorders. Greater awareness of its frequent nonmedical use is also needed to achieve safer overall use of this medication.
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Unwin SL, Saunders RA, Blackwell EJ, Rooney NJ. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the value of Pet Remedy in ameliorating fear of handling of companion rabbits. J Vet Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Acute and subacute toxicity of Ammi visnaga on rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 2020; 12:26-35. [PMID: 32189984 PMCID: PMC7061450 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammi visnaga (Av) is a source of khellin where a tea made from the fruit of this plant was used as herbal medicine for kidney stones in Egypt. In the present research, the acute and subacute toxicity studies with oral intake of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg of Av seed ethanolic extract in rats were done. In acute toxicity test, 4 groups of rats (n = 6/group: 3 males and 3 females) were chosen and the first control group received tap water, while the other three groups received Av seed ethanolic extract dissolved in tap water at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg, and general behavior, adverse effects, and mortality were recorded for up to 14 days. In subacute toxicity study, 72 rats (36 males and 36 females) were divided into 4 major groups; group I received tap water (control group), while animals in groups II, III, and IV (test groups) received oral intake of Av seed ethanolic extract dissolved in tap water at doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg/ kg bwt, respectively. Each of this major group was subdivided consequently into 3 subgroups (n = 6/group: 3 males and 3 females) where brain tissue, blood sample, body and organs weights were recorded at the beginning and then after two and four weeks of the experiment for the determination of hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes in tissues (liver, kidney, brain, spleen, heart, testis and ovary). With regard to acute toxicity, Av seed ethanolic extract did not induce any toxic effects or death or any organ toxicity. In subacute toxicity study; oral intake with Av seed ethanolic extract did not reveal any change in body and organs weights, hematological parameters, serum glucose and cholesterol, brain neurotransmitters, liver and kidney functions, male and female hormones. In conclusion, Av seed ethanolic extract is nontoxic to liver, kidney, brain, spleen, heart, testis and ovary.
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Lee DH, Park SH, Huh YH, Jung Kim M, Seo HD, Ha TY, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Jung CH. Iridoids of Valeriana fauriei contribute to alleviating hepatic steatosis in obese mice by lipophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109950. [PMID: 32058217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common risk factor for metabolic syndrome that increases the risk of future cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. Recently, autophagy has been proposed as a means to prevent NAFLD. We investigated whether substances with autophagy-inducing activity alleviate NAFLD. The Valeriana fauriei (V. fauriei) was selected as a potential autophagy inducer among various natural materials using a Cyto-ID autophagy detection kit. V. fauriei 70 % ethanol extract (VFE) increased LC3II levels in the presence of the lysosomal inhibitor and reduced the GFP/mCherry puncta ratio, suggesting that VFE enhanced autophagy. VFE reduced oleic acid (OA)-induced lipid accumulation and increased the number of autophagosome in hepatocytes. Autophagy induction by VFE is due to inhibition of mTORC1 activity. VFE supplementation reduced fatty liver by downregulating lipogenesis-related genes and increased the autophagy, as revealed by TEM and IHC analysis in the fatty liver. We identified iridoids as main compounds of VFE; didrovaltrate (DI), valeriotriate B (VAL B), valeriotetrate C (VAL C), valtrate (VAL), and valechlorine (VC) were shown to enhance autophagy. These compounds also reduced OA-induced lipid accumulation in an Atg5-dependent manner. Taken together, VFE and its iridoids might be effective in alleviating fatty liver by acting as autophagy enhancers to break down LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Romana RK, Sharma A, Gupta V, Kaur R, Kumar S, Bansal P. Was Hawan Designed to Fight Anxiety-Scientific Evidences? JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:505-521. [PMID: 28063092 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is a psychiatric disorder with unknown neurobiology; however, neurotransmitters like gamma-amino butyric acid, norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT) play crucial roles in mediating anxiety. Present drug modules pose dependence risk to the patient; hence, there is a great need to develop complementary therapies to fight this disorder. Aromatherapy has also been employed in ancient times for a number of mental disorders. Mahamrituanjay Mantra, Om triambkum yajamahe, sughandhim puushtivardhanam, urvarukmev vandhanaat, mrityu mokshay mamritaat!!!!, the part of veda enlightens that aroma gives rise to good health (sughandhim puushtivardhanam). Hawan is a religious practice recommended for mental peace. Hawan is a process in which special herbs are offered in the fire of medicinal woods ignited in a specially designed fire pit. Analysis of literature demonstrates that the components of Hawan are having a number of volatile oils that are specifically useful for prevention and treatment of anxiety through some mechanism of action. Due to high temperature of fire, the vapors of these oils from herbs enter into the central nervous system through nasal route. As per modern science and ancient texts on medicine, nasal drug delivery systems are the best for the diseases related to brain and head. The routine of performing Hawan might keep the threshold value of the therapeutic components in the body and help in preventing anxiety. In the present manuscript, authors highlight and integrate the modern and ancient concepts for treatment and prevention of anxiety through scientific evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Romana
- University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences (BFUHS), Faridkot, 151203, India
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Psychiatric, Government Medical College, Faridkot, India
| | - V Gupta
- University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences (BFUHS), Faridkot, 151203, India
| | - R Kaur
- University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences (BFUHS), Faridkot, 151203, India
| | - S Kumar
- National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, CCRAS, Patiala, India
| | - P Bansal
- University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences (BFUHS), Faridkot, 151203, India.
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Martin BR. Complementary Medicine Therapies That May Assist With Weight Loss: A Narrative Review. J Chiropr Med 2019; 18:115-126. [PMID: 31367198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to review the potential effects of traditional Chinese medicine-which includes acupuncture; electroacupuncture; plum blossom needle hammer; auricular acupuncture; herbs that balance hormones, regulate neurotransmitters, induce sedative effects, and increase thermogenesis; and functional foods that can suppress the appetite-as an adjunct therapy for weight loss. Methods A narrative review of the current literature was performed using searches of MEDLINE and 4 scholarly texts. The inclusion criteria for the review consisted of studies that were performed from 2005 to 2016. Results In general, some traditional Chinese medicine modalities claim to promote weight loss. Acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and herbs aim to reduce stress-related food cravings. These therapeutic approaches aim to downregulate dopamine and leptin levels, suppressing the appetite. Other attributes of these therapies are increasing uncoupling protein-1 activity promoting thermogenesis, which contributes to weight loss. In addition, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and Cimicifuga racemosa may regulate estrogen, which could attenuate the appetite, assisting in weight-loss programs. Conclusion The literature reviewed includes information that describes how traditional Chinese medicine, herbal medicine, or functional foods as adjunct therapies may be beneficial for weight-loss programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Martin
- Basic Science Department, National University of Health Sciences, Pinellas Park, Florida
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Roh D, Jung JH, Yoon KH, Lee CH, Kang LY, Lee S, Shin K, Kim DH. Valerian extract alters functional brain connectivity: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial. Phytother Res 2019; 33:939-948. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daeyoung Roh
- Department of PsychiatryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
- Mind‐neuromodulation LaboratoryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Jung
- Department of PsychiatryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
- Mind‐neuromodulation LaboratoryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Yoon
- Department of PsychiatryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Department of PsychiatryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
- Mind‐neuromodulation LaboratoryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Lee Young Kang
- Department of PsychiatryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
- Mind‐neuromodulation LaboratoryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Sang‐Kyu Lee
- Department of PsychiatryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
- Mind‐neuromodulation LaboratoryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Kitack Shin
- Department of PsychiatryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of PsychiatryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
- Mind‐neuromodulation LaboratoryHallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
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Gonulalan EM, Bayazeid O, Yalcin FN, Demirezer LO. The roles of valerenic acid on BDNF expression in the SH-SY5Y cell. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:960-964. [PMID: 30416353 PMCID: PMC6218383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) are used for treating sleep disorders and/or mild nerve tension. The effect of valerenic acid on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has not yet been studied, although it is known that gamma-amino butyric acid A (GABAA) receptor is regulated by BDNF, which modulates the depressive-like behavior and neurogenesis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of V. officinalis root extract (VO), its main constituents valerenic acid (VA) and acetoxy valerenic acid (AVA) as well as valerenic acid-free (VAF), acetoxy valerenic acid-free (AVAF) extracts and increasing amounts of valerenic acid containing extracts on the BDNF expression in SH-SY5Y cell lines. The effect of methanolic extracts of VO, VA, AVA, VAF, AVAF, and the extracts whose amount of VA were increased gradually, were tested using a Human BDNF ELISA kit with 17β-estradiol as a positive control. The VO and VA extracts caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the BDNF expression in SH-SY5Y cells compared to control. This effect completely disappeared when cells were treated with VAF extract. AVA alone did not show any significant change in the BDNF levels. The extracts with increasing amount of VA led to a concentration- dependent effect on the cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of the VO extract is also related to BDNF expression, and that this is mainly due to the presence of VA in the extract. Removing VA from VO extract leads to a loss of activity. Moreover, the concentration of VA plays a role for BDNF expressions in SH-SY5Y cells, which demonstrates the importance of quality control on the commercially available products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lutfiye-Omur Demirezer
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Liu H, Guo Y, Yang T, Fan Z, Huang M, Liang S, Liu C. Intervention effect of gamma aminobutyric acid on anxiety behavior induced by phthalate (2-ethylhexyl ester) in rats. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:928-934. [PMID: 29191066 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1405952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most widely used phthalate esters. The application of DEHP has caused serious environmental pollution and posed a threat to human health. METHODS A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, DEHP group (500 mg/kg DEHP), low GABA (Gama-aminobutyric acid) group (500 mg/kg DEHP and 1 mg/kg GABA), medium GABA group (500 mg/kg DEHP and 2 mg/kg GABA) and high GABA group (500 mg/kg DEHP and 4 mg/kg GABA). The interventions continued for 30 consecutive days. Open-field test and elevated plus-maze test were used to detect behavioral changes of rats before and after interventions. RESULTS The levels of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in prefrontal cortex of rats were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DEHP and GABA treatment had no significant effects on the body weight of rats. GABA restored food utilization rate of rats impaired by DEHP to the level of healthy rats. According to open-field test and elevated plus-maze test, GABA alleviated the effects of DEHP on rat behaviors. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that GABA was effective in reducing the levels of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in rats treated with DEHP. CONCLUSION DEHP exposure induced anxiety in rats, which may be achieved through elevating nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase levels in prefrontal cortex of rats. However, the effects caused by DEHP could be alleviated by GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- a College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Youting Guo
- a College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Tongwang Yang
- a College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Fan
- a College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Minhao Huang
- a College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Liang
- a College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- a College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
- b Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
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New iridoids from the roots of Valeriana dioscoridis Sm. Fitoterapia 2018; 130:73-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mineo L, Concerto C, Patel D, Mayorga T, Paula M, Chusid E, Aguglia E, Battaglia F. Valeriana officinalis Root Extract Modulates Cortical Excitatory Circuits in Humans. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 75:46-51. [PMID: 29035887 DOI: 10.1159/000480053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valeriana officinalis extract (VE) is a popular herbal medicine used for the treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders. Although the anxiolytic and sedative effects are mainly attributed to the modulation of GABA-ergic transmission, the mechanism of action has not been fully investigated in humans. Noninvasive brain stimulation protocols can be used to elucidate the mechanisms of action of psychoactive substances at the cortical level in humans. In this study, we investigated the effects of a single dose of VE on cortical excitability as assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). METHODS Fifteen healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled study. Subjects were required to take either 900 mg of VE (valerenic acid 0.8%) or placebo (an equal dose of vitamin E). Motor cortex excitability was studied by single and paired TMS before and at 1 h and 6 h after the oral administration. Cortical excitability was assessed using different TMS parameters: resting motor threshold, motor-evoked potential amplitude, cortical silent period, short-interval intracortical inhibition, and intracortical facilitation. Furthermore, we assessed sensorimotor integration by short-latency and long-latency afferent inhibition. RESULTS We found a significant reduction in ICF, without any significant changes in other TMS measures of motor cortex excitability. The amount of ICF returned to baseline value 6 h after the intake of the VE. CONCLUSION A single oral dose of VE modulates intracortical facilitatory circuits. Our results in healthy subjects could be predictive markers of treatment response in patients and further support the use of pharmaco-TMS to investigate the neuropsychiatric effects of herbal therapies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Mineo
- Department of Interprofessional Health Science and Health Administration, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
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Çiçek SS. Structure-Dependent Activity of Natural GABA(A) Receptor Modulators. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071512. [PMID: 29932138 PMCID: PMC6100244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA(A) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels consisting of five subunits from eight subfamilies, each assembled in four hydrophobic transmembrane domains. This pentameric structure not only allows different receptor binding sites, but also various types of ligands, such as orthosteric agonists and antagonists, positive and negative allosteric modulators, as well as second-order modulators and non-competitive channel blockers. A fact, that is also displayed by the variety of chemical structures found for both, synthetic as well as nature-derived GABA(A)-receptor modulators. This review covers the literature for natural GABA(A)-receptor modulators until the end of 2017 and discusses their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Sezai Çiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Bonyani A, Sajjadi SE, Rabbani M. Anxiolytic effects of Lippia citriodora in a mouce model of anxiety. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:205-212. [PMID: 29853930 PMCID: PMC5921401 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.228941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lippia citriodora is commonly used in Iranian folk medicine for treatment of many disorders. Since there scientific data to prove the anxiolytic properties of this plant in Iran are scarce, we aimed to evaluate the sedative and anxiolytic activity of the leaf extract and essence of L. citriodora in an animal model of anxiety. The extract and the essence used were obtained after maceration and hydro-distillation of the leaves of L. citriodora, respectively. We evaluated the anti-anxiety profile and sedative activity of diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p. as the standard), hydroethanolic extract (200 and 400 mg/kg i.p.) and the essence (10, 15, and 50 mg/kg i.p.) of leaves of L. citriodora using elevated plus-maze and locomotor activity. We also used flumazenil, to find out if the possible effects are mediated through gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/benzodiazepine receptor complex. The results showed that the essence of L. citriodora at a dose of 15 mg/kg is the most effective anxiolytic dose. Interestingly, flumazenil reversed this action of the essence as well as that of diazepam. The extract even at a dose of 400 mg/kg did not show significant anxiolytic effect. In locomotor activity studies, the essence caused sedation to a lesser extent than diazepam. The results suggest that the essence of this plant could be a better candidate for further analysis and fractionation. As the anxiolytic effect of the essence is reversed by flumazenil, it is possible that the GABA receptor could be involved in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Bonyani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Seyed Ebrahim Sajjadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Binks J, Taylor S, Wills A, Montrose VT. The behavioural effects of olfactory stimulation on dogs at a rescue shelter. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Savage K, Firth J, Stough C, Sarris J. GABA-modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence. Phytother Res 2017; 32:3-18. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Savage
- ARCADIA Mental Health Research Group, Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry; The University of Melbourne; 2 Salisbury Street Richmond Victoria 3121 Australia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; John St Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health; University of Manchester; Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
- NICM, School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; John St Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- ARCADIA Mental Health Research Group, Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry; The University of Melbourne; 2 Salisbury Street Richmond Victoria 3121 Australia
- NICM, School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Sydney NSW Australia
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Lee H, Im J, Won H, Kim JY, Kim HK, Kwon JT, Kim YO, Lee S, Cho IH, Lee SW, Kim HJ. Antinociceptive effect of Valeriana fauriei regulates BDNF signaling in an animal model of fibromyalgia. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:485-492. [PMID: 29115388 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Valeriana has been widely used in popular medicine for centuries, to treat sleep disorders, anxiety, epilepsy and insomnia. Recent studies have focused on the novel pharmacological effects of Valeriana fauriei Briq. (VF) species. Previous studies have attempted to determine the pharmacological functions of Valeriana in various human diseases, particularly with regards to its neuroprotective effects, and its ability to reduce pain and stress. The present study constructed an animal model of fibromyalgia (FM), which was induced by intermittent cold stress with slight modification. Subsequently, the study aimed to determine whether VF exerts antinociceptive effects on the FM‑like model following oral administration of VF extracts. The effects of VF extracts on the FM model were investigated by analyzing behavioral activity, including pain, and detecting protein expression. In the behavioral analysis, the results of a nociception assay indicated that the pain threshold was significantly decreased in the FM group. Subsequently, western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses of the hippocampus demonstrated that the protein expression levels of brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated‑cAMP response element‑binding protein were downregulated in the FM group. Conversely, VF restored these levels. These results suggested that the effects of VF extract on a model of FM may be associated with its modulatory effects on the BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, the mechanism underlying the protective effects of VF as a therapeutic agent against FM may involve the BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Im
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Won
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ki Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Tack Kwon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Development of Ginseng and Medical Plants Research Institute, Rural Administration, Eumseong, Chungbuk 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung‑Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, and Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Development of Ginseng and Medical Plants Research Institute, Rural Administration, Eumseong, Chungbuk 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
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Casal-Plana N, Manteca X, Dalmau A, Fàbrega E. Influence of enrichment material and herbal compounds in the behaviour and performance of growing pigs. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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de Rus Jacquet A, Tambe MA, Ma SY, McCabe GP, Vest JHC, Rochet JC. Pikuni-Blackfeet traditional medicine: Neuroprotective activities of medicinal plants used to treat Parkinson's disease-related symptoms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:393-407. [PMID: 28088492 PMCID: PMC6149223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder affecting 5% of the population over the age of 85 years. Current treatments primarily involve dopamine replacement therapy, which leads to temporary relief of motor symptoms but fails to slow the underlying neurodegeneration. Thus, there is a need for safe PD therapies with neuroprotective activity. In this study, we analyzed contemporary herbal medicinal practices used by members of the Pikuni-Blackfeet tribe from Western Montana to treat PD-related symptoms, in an effort to identify medicinal plants that are affordable to traditional communities and accessible to larger populations. AIM OF THE STUDY The aims of this study were to (i) identify medicinal plants used by the Pikuni-Blackfeet tribe to treat individuals with symptoms related to PD or other CNS disorders, and (ii) characterize a subset of the identified plants in terms of antioxidant and neuroprotective activities in cellular models of PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Interviews of healers and local people were carried out on the Blackfeet Indian reservation. Plant samples were collected, and water extracts were produced for subsequent analysis. A subset of botanical extracts was tested for the ability to induce activation of the Nrf2-mediated transcriptional response and to protect against neurotoxicity elicited by the PD-related toxins rotenone and paraquat. RESULTS The ethnopharmacological interviews resulted in the documentation of 26 medicinal plants used to treat various ailments and diseases, including symptoms related to PD. Seven botanical extracts (out of a total of 10 extracts tested) showed activation of Nrf2-mediated transcriptional activity in primary cortical astrocytes. Extracts prepared from Allium sativum cloves, Trifolium pratense flowers, and Amelanchier arborea berries exhibited neuroprotective activity against toxicity elicited by rotenone, whereas only the extracts prepared from Allium sativum and Amelanchier arborea alleviated PQ-induced dopaminergic cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the potential clinical utility of plants used for medicinal purposes over generations by the Pikuni-Blackfeet people, and they shed light on mechanisms by which the plant extracts could slow neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie de Rus Jacquet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Mitali Arun Tambe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Sin Ying Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Sermukhamedova O, Ludwiczuk A, Widelski J, Głowniak K, Sakipova Z, Ibragimova L, Poleszak E, Cordell GA, Skalicka-Woźniak K. Chemical comparison of the underground parts of Valeriana officinalis and Valeriana turkestanica from Poland and Kazakhstan. OPEN CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2017-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe volatile constituents from the n-hexane extracts of the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana officinalis (VO) and Valeriana turkestanica (VT) were investigated by GC-MS analysis. Two VO samples were obtained from cultivation, one from commercially available material, while VT was collected in a mountain of Kazakhstan. The most characteristic components present in all of the analysed samples were sesquiterpenoids. The three investigated samples of VO produced mainly valerenane and kessane sesquiterpenoids. Acetoxyvalerenic acid (33.94%), valerenic acid (15.05%), valerenal (11.93%), valeric acid 2,6-dimethylnon-1-en-3-yn-5-yl ester (5.24%), valerenol (3.31%), elemol (3.19%) and (E)-valerenyl isovalerate (2.53%), were the common components identified in the n-hexane extract from the roots of VT. In comparison to VO this species does not produce kessane sesquiterpenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study shows that the roots of VT possess compounds of high biological significance, since they have the appropriate contents of valerenic acid and its derivatives, thus VT can be considered as a substitute for VO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sermukhamedova
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 94 Tole bi Str., Almaty, 050012 Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Widelski
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093Lublin, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Głowniak
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, 2 Sucharskiego Str., Poland
| | - Zuriyadda Sakipova
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 94 Tole bi Str., Almaty, 050012 Poland
| | - Liliya Ibragimova
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 94 Tole bi Str., Almaty, 050012 Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093Lublin, Poland
| | - Geoffrey A. Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., Evanston, IL 60203 USA;Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610USA
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093Lublin, Poland
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Effect of environmental enrichment and herbal compound supplementation on physiological stress indicators (chromogranin A, cortisol and tumour necrosis factor-α) in growing pigs. Animal 2016; 11:1228-1236. [PMID: 27927261 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116002561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress response induces physiological, behavioural, immunological and biochemical changes that directly affect health and well-being. Provision of environmental enrichment and herbal compounds may reduce stress in current commercial pig husbandry systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of providing different environmental enrichment materials (EE) and a herbal compound (HC) on physiological indicators of acute and chronic stress in growing pigs (salivary cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA), hair cortisol and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)). Salivary cortisol and CgA have been reported as biomarkers basically of acute stress, whereas hair cortisol and TNF-α have been more related to chronic stress. For this purpose, eight groups of seven pigs each (14 pigs/treatment, 56 pigs in total) were used: (a) two EE groups, (b) two groups supplemented with HC, (c) two groups provided both with EE and HC and (d) two control groups. Samples of hair, saliva and blood were taken to measure cortisol (in hair and saliva), CgA (in saliva) and TNF-α (in blood) at three different times: before starting the experiment (T0), and after 1 (T1) or 2 months (T2) of providing the materials and herbal compound. No differences were found at T0 in salivary or hair cortisol, CgA or TNF-α, whilst at T2, the control group showed significant increased concentrations of CgA and hair cortisol, when compared with the rest of the treatments (P<0.001). These differences were significant at T1 only for CgA (P<0.001). Furthermore, an overall correlation was reported between hair cortisol and salivary CgA (r=0.48, P<0.001). These results support that providing enrichment material or an herbal compound may reduce stress in growing pigs. Furthermore, the results support that hair cortisol and CgA may be proper non-invasive tools to detect stress, specially associated with factors of chronic exposure.
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The Effect of Pet Remedy on the Behaviour of the Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris). Animals (Basel) 2016; 6:ani6110064. [PMID: 27792129 PMCID: PMC5126766 DOI: 10.3390/ani6110064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this placebo controlled study, we exposed 28 dogs to Pet Remedy (a natural stress relief product) to investigate whether Pet Remedy lowered stress-affected behaviour. No statistically significant differences were found when dogs were exposed to Pet Remedy or the placebo condition. We suggest that Pet Remedy, in this particular study, did not have a discernible effect on changes in behaviour. Further research determining the effects of Pet Remedy would be beneficial. Abstract Stress-affected behaviour in companion animals can have an adverse effect on animal health and welfare and their relationships with humans. This stress can be addressed using chemical treatments, often in conjunction with behavioural therapies. Here, we investigated the efficacy of one commercial pharmacological intervention, Pet Remedy, advertised as a natural stress relief product for mammals. We aimed to see whether the product lowered stress-affected behaviour in dogs placed in a non-familiar environment. Behavioural responses of 28 dogs were video recorded using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, and counterbalanced repeated measures design. Dogs were exposed to both a placebo and Pet Remedy plug-in diffuser for 30 min with an intervening period of approximately 7 days between conditions. Multivariate regression analysis identified no significant differences in behaviour in either the Pet Remedy or placebo condition. In conclusion, in the current study, Pet Remedy did not reduce behavioural indicators indicative of a stress response. To determine the effects of Pet Remedy, future research using a larger sample size and controlling for breed would be beneficial.
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Lee H, Won H, Im J, Kim YO, Lee S, Cho IH, Kim HK, Kwon JT, Kim HJ. Effect of Valeriana fauriei extract on the offspring of adult rats exposed to prenatal stress. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:251-8. [PMID: 27220809 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposing a pregnant female to stress is a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders in the offspring. In the present study, we examined the effects of an extract of Valeriana fauriei (VF) root (100 mg/kg/day, administered on postnatal days 35-56) on behavioral patterns as well as protein expression in the prefrontal cortex of the offspring of prenatally-stressed rats. Modified behavioral tests, including the forced swim test, the open field test, a social interaction test and the prepulse inhibition test were performed and many of the parameters were found to decrease in the offspring of the rats exposed to PNS compared with the offspring of the non-stressed rats. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of the prefrontal cortex revealed that the downregulation of several neurodevelopmental proteins in the offspring of rats dams exposed to PNS was reversed after treatment with VF extract. These findings demonstrate that the downregulation of several proteins in the prefrontal cortex of the offspring of prenatally‑stressed rats may be associated with subsequent behavioral changes, and that these phenomena recovered following VF treatment. Our results suggest that VF decreases the incidence of prenatal stress related-psychiatric disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Won
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Im
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Development of Ginseng and Medical Plants Research Institute, Rural Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ki Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Tack Kwon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Reversal of pentylenetetrazole-altered swimming and neural activity-regulated gene expression in zebrafish larvae by valproic acid and valerian extract. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2533-47. [PMID: 27165438 PMCID: PMC4908174 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ethnopharmacology has documented hundreds of psychoactive plants awaiting exploitation for drug discovery. A robust and inexpensive in vivo system allowing systematic screening would be critical to exploiting this knowledge. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to establish a cheap and accurate screening method which can be used for testing psychoactive efficacy of complex mixtures of unknown composition, like plant crude extracts. METHODS We used automated recording of zebrafish larval swimming behavior during light vs. dark periods which we reproducibly altered with an anxiogenic compound, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). First, we reversed this PTZ-altered swimming by co-treatment with a well-defined synthetic anxiolytic drug, valproic acid (VPA). Next, we aimed at reversing it by adding crude root extracts of Valeriana officinalis (Val) from which VPA was originally derived. Finally, we assessed how expression of neural activity-regulated genes (c-fos, npas4a, and bdnf) known to be upregulated by PTZ treatment was affected in the presence of Val. RESULTS Both VPA and Val significantly reversed the PTZ-altered swimming behaviors. Noticeably, Val at higher doses was affecting swimming independently of the presence of PTZ. A strong regulation of all three neural-activity genes was observed in Val-treated larvae which fully supported the behavioral results. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated in a combined behavioral-molecular approach the strong psychoactivity of a natural extract of unknown composition made from V. officinalis. Our results highlight the efficacy and sensitivity of such an approach, therefore offering a novel in vivo screening system amenable to high-throughput testing of promising ethnobotanical candidates.
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Sun L, Qiu J, Wang G, Lin W, Zhang N. Development of a LC–MS-MS Method for Quantification of Valtrate and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1597-602. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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