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Noguchi K, Imahori D, Nishiura R, Nuntawong P, Putalun W, Tanaka H, Morimoto S, Sakamoto S. Advanced quality assessment of Sanshishi (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) and Kampo medicines using a monoclonal antibody against geniposide. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105829. [PMID: 38278422 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a plant widely used in traditional medicine, is known for its array of biological activities. A key bioactive compound, geniposide (GE), an iridoid glycoside, significantly contributes to the medicinal properties of the plant, with potential side effects. Thus, a reliable and efficient method for GE detection is required to ensure the quality of medicinal-grade G. jasminoides Ellis. This study developed such a method by first synthesizing GE-bovine serum albumin conjugates to function as immunizing agents in mice. This led to the production of a monoclonal antibody (mAb 3A6) against GE from the fusion of splenocytes from immunized mice with myeloma cells (P3U1), resulting in a hybridoma that produces mAb 3A6. Thereafter, we developed a mAb 3A6-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA). The icELISA exhibited satisfactory sensitivity (0.391-12.5 μg/ml) and repeatability (coefficients of variation <10%). The accuracy of this method was validated through a spike-recovery assay (recovery of 101-112%). Furthermore, the icELISA was employed to determine the GE content in plant and Kampo medicine samples. The GE content positively correlated with those determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. The proposed icELISA is rapid, cost-effective, and reliable for high-throughput GE detection in G. jasminoides Ellis, thereby contributing to the improved quality control and standardization of this valuable medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Imahori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-dori, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Riko Nishiura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-dori, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Poomraphie Nuntawong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-dori, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Seiichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Yin S, Niu L, Zhang J, Liu Y. Gardenia yellow pigment: Extraction methods, biological activities, current trends, and future prospects. Food Res Int 2024; 179:113981. [PMID: 38342530 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Food coloring plays a vital role in influencing consumers' food choices, imparting vibrant and appealing colors to various food and beverage products. Synthetic food colorants have been the most commonly used coloring agents in the food industry. However, concerns about potential health issues related to synthetic colorants, coupled with increasing consumer demands for food safety and health, have led food manufacturers to explore natural alternatives. Natural pigments not only offer a wide range of colors to food products but also exhibit beneficial bioactive properties. Gardenia yellow pigment is a water-soluble natural pigment with various biological activities, widely present in gardenia fruits. Therefore, this paper aims to delve into Gardenia Yellow Pigment, highlighting its significance as a food colorant. Firstly, a thorough understanding and exploration of various methods for obtaining gardenia yellow pigment. Subsequently, the potential functionality of gardenia yellow pigment was elaborated, especially its excellent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Finally, the widespread application trend of gardenia yellow pigment in the food industry was explored, as well as the challenges faced by the future development of gardenia yellow pigment in the field of food and health. Some feasible solutions were proposed, providing valuable references and insights for researchers, food industry professionals, and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Liqiong Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Future Food (Bai Ma) Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Wang L, Chen S, Liu S, Biu AM, Han Y, Jin X, Liang C, Liu Y, Li J, Fang S, Chang Y. A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and quality control of gardeniae fructus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117397. [PMID: 37956915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardeniae Fructus (GF), the desiccative mature fruitage of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (G. jasminoides), belongs to the Rubiaceae family. It has abundant medicinal value, such as purging fire and eliminating annoyance, clearing heat and diuresis, cooling blood, and detoxifying. GF is usually used in combination with other drugs to treat diseases such as fever and jaundice in damp heat syndrome in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) clinical practice. THE AIM OF THE REVIEW This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress in botany, traditional medical use, processing method, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, quality control, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology, which aims to provide a scientific basis for the rational application and future research of GF. MATERIALS AND METHODS ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Embase, Scopus etc. databases were retrieved to gain the comprehensive information of GF. RESULTS At present, more than 215 compounds were isolated and identified from GF, including iridoids, diterpenes, triterpenoids, flavonoids, organic esters, and so on. The traditional application of GF mainly focused on clearing heat and detoxification. Pharmacological studies proved that GF had anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, antifatigue, antithrombotic, liver and gallbladder protection, and other pharmacological effects. In addition, many improved processing methods can alleviate the side effects and toxic reactions caused by long-term use of GF, so controlling its quality through multi-component content measurement has become an important means of research. CONCLUSION GF has a wide range of applications, the mechanisms by which some effective substances exert their pharmacological effects have not been clearly explained due to the complexity and diversity of its components. This review systematically elaborates on the traditional medical use, processing method, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, quality control, and toxicology of GF, and it is expected to become a candidate drug for treating diseases, such as depression, pancreatitis, alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shujing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Suyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Abdulmumin Muhammad Biu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xingyue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chunxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shiming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yanxu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Gao S, Feng Q. The Beneficial Effects of Geniposide on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3365-3383. [PMID: 36213380 PMCID: PMC9532263 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s378976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Geniposide is a naturally sourced active ingredient that has diverse pharmacological effects and great potential in improving or treating different kinds of diseases. In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that geniposide can improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, which is an increasingly prevalent health problem causing various metabolic diseases globally. Our review aims to summarize basic information on the pharmacological effects of geniposide on glucolipid metabolism. Geniposide increases glucose utilization and insulin production, protects pancreatic islet β cells, inhibits insulin resistance and hepatic glucose production, and suppresses gluconeogenesis. While in the aspect of lipid metabolism, geniposide can promote lipolysis, inhibit lipogenesis, and regulate lipid transport. Geniposide ameliorates lipid and glucose metabolic disorders, improving the entire glycolipid metabolism network in a three-dimensional manner at the level of molecular mechanism. Growing evidence revealed that geniposide may serve as an effective drug to combat metabolic diseases for the time to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Gao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hepatopathy Building, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hepatopathy Building, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Xu J, Zhou R, Luo L, Dai Y, Feng Y, Dou Z. Quality Evaluation of Decoction Pieces of Gardeniae Fructus Based on Qualitative Analysis of the HPLC Fingerprint and Triple-Q-TOF-MS/MS Combined with Quantitative Analysis of 12 Representative Components. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:2219932. [PMID: 35256913 PMCID: PMC8898142 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2219932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, quality evaluation (QE) of 40 batches of decoction pieces of Gardeniae Fructus (GF) produced by different manufacturers of herbal pieces was performed by qualitative analysis of the HPLC fingerprint and ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC)-triple-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with quantitative analysis of multiple components, which we established previously for QE of traditional medicine. First, HPLC fingerprints of 40 samples were determined, and the common peaks in the reference fingerprint were assigned. Second, the components of the common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints were identified by UFLC-triple-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Finally, the contents of the components confirmed by reference substances were measured. The results showed that there were 28 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of 40 samples. The components of these 28 common peaks were identified as 13 iridoids, 4 crocins, 7 monocyclic monoterpenoids, 3 organic acids, and 1 flavonoid. Of these, a total of 12 components, including 7 iridoids of geniposide, shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester, gardenoside, scandoside methyl ester, and genipin gentiobioside, 2 crocins such as crocin I and crocin II, 1 monocyclic monoterpenoid of jasminoside B, 1 organic acid of chlorogenic acid, and 1 flavonoid of rutin, were unambiguously identified by comparison with reference substances. There were certain differences in the contents of these 12 components among 40 samples. The geniposide content ranged from 37.917 to 72.216 mg/g, and the total content of the 7 iridoids ranged from 59.931 to 94.314 mg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaru Feng
- Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihua Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
- Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Liqin T, Haocheng L, Jing W, Yujuan X, Wenni T, Lu L, Yuanshan Y, Xian L, Manqin F. Study on ultrahigh-pressure extraction technology on properties of yellow extract from gardenia fruit. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Fan Y, Li X, Ding L, Zhou W, Xu G, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ni Q. Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112805. [PMID: 34829086 PMCID: PMC8622743 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardeniae fructus is a common neuroprotective medicinal food in China, however the extraction efficiency and mixture activities are rarely mentioned. In this study, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) parameters were optimized by a response surface methodology to extract antioxidants from Gardeniae fructus. Neuroprotective activity was evaluated using H2O2 and amyloid-β25–35 peptide-treated PC12 cells. By comparing with three other extract methods (i.e., heated refluxing extraction (HRE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)), it was found that the yield (35.10%), total iridoids (27.69%), total flavonoid (6.12%) content, antioxidant activities (IC50 on DPPH, 164.46 µg/mL; FRAP value 4703.54 μmol/L), and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory ability (IC50 92.58 µg/mL) of ASE extract under the optimal condition (150 °C temperature, 10 min static time, 60% ethanol, 2 extract cycles) were significantly higher than other extract methods. The strongest ability to protect PC12 cells from damage was also present in ASE extract, as evidenced by decreasing lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, elevating superoxide dismutase and glutathioneperoxidase activities. Compositional analysis indicated that the extremely high crocetin level in ASE extract (1.30 μg/mg) may offer great potential. Our results indicated that ASE is a proper extraction method that could offer great potential for finding the neuroprotective ability of Gardeniae fructus for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Fan
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xueying Li
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lan Ding
- Agricultural and Forestry Technology Extension Center of Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Weiying Zhou
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guangzhi Xu
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Youzuo Zhang
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qinxue Ni
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15858191911
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8
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The internationalization of TCM towards Portuguese-speaking countries. Chin Med 2021; 16:81. [PMID: 34412664 PMCID: PMC8374110 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Portuguese-speaking countries (PSC), local regulatory systems and relevant legislation are still insufficient and lagging, even blank in some of them. This kind of unbalanced pace either makes users of TCM exposed in potential risk or eventually obstructs the long-term development of TCM in PSC. Despite existing tremendous studies on the internationalization of TCM, there are few studies specific to PSC. Thus, by a comprehensive desk review and typical case study, this article aims to summarize current situation of TCM in PSC by a cross-regional comparison, to identify various critical challenges, and further to provide an insightful reference to impel the development of TCM in PSC.
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9
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Cao H, Yan W, Guo S, Deng C, Xue R, Zhang K, Lu T, Mao C. Discrimination Between Fructus Gardeniae (ZZ) and Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae (SZZ) Based on Fingerprint Coupled with Chemometrics and Quantitative Analysis. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:847-855. [PMID: 33558885 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fructus Gardeniae, known as Zhi-zi in China, has been used as Chinese herbal medicine and functional health food for thousands of years. Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae, named as Shui-zhizi, is a counterfeit herb of Fructus Gardeniae. In order to discriminate these two varieties, based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, an analysis method of fingerprints of Fructus Gardeniae and Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae was established. With hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis, they were separated into two groups. Analyzed with partial least squares discriminant analysis, there were differences in chemical compositions between Fructus Gardeniae and Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae. Six compounds, crocin I, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside and four other unknown compositions were identified as differential marker compositions between them. Furthermore, seven active substances in them were determined simultaneously. Thus, an integral method of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint combined with chemometrics analysis and quantitative assessment was established. It could be utilized in characterization, quality evaluation of Fructus Gardeniae and could be applied for discriminating Fructus Gardeniae from Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Chang Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Tulin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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10
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Li W, Ren C, Fei C, Wang Y, Xue Q, Li L, Yin F, Li W. Analysis of the chemical composition changes of Gardeniae Fructus before and after processing based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:981-991. [PMID: 33351278 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gardeniae Fructus, the dry fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, has been widely used for the treatment of different diseases. Although four types of processed Gardeniae Fructus products, characterized by differing effects, are available for clinical use, little is known regarding the respective processing mechanisms. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis was applied to characterize the chemical profiles of the differently processed Gardeniae Fructus products and to determine differences in their chemical compositions, thereby enabling us to identify those active compounds associated with the observed clinical effects. A total of 125 compounds were accordingly identified, among which, 56 were established as primary contributors to the significant differences (P < 0.01) between crude and processed Gardeniae Fructus, based on t-test analysis. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms underlying the chemical transformations that occurred during processing were discussed. The findings of this study may not only contribute to the more effective quality control of Gardeniae Fructus but also provide basic information for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the changes in chemical constituents in response to processing, and provide a basis for further investigations of Gardeniae Fructus processing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chenghao Fei
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fangzhou Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
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11
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Liu S, Wang X, Zou K, Liu W, Li C, Zheng Y, Zhou Q, Peng G. Simultaneous Determination of Eight Potential Q-Markers in Zishen Tongguan Capsules Based on UHPLC-MS/MS. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190522081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Zishen Tongguan (ZSTG) capsules were prepared at the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing
University of Chinese Medicine and have been proven to be clinically effective for treating pyelonephritis and benign
prostatic hyperplasia. However, the quality standards are not ideal; a comprehensive study of the “quality markers”
(Q-markers), the chemicals inherent in traditional Chinese medicine and its preparations, has not been carried out.
Experimental Methods:
In this paper, a sensitive and specific ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographictandem
mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight
potential Q-markers of ZSTG, including timosaponin A3, berberine, jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine, palmatine, mangiferin,
neomangiferin, and timosaponin BII. A Kromasil 100-3.5 C18 column was used with a mobile phase of 0.2%
formic acid with acetonitrile, and gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min was achieved in 13 minutes and used
for separation. Detection was performed in positive/negative mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).
Results:
The analytical method was validated in terms of the sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, repeatability,
stability and recovery. The method established here was successfully applied to study the potential Q-markers in 8
batches of commercial samples, which demonstrated its use in improving the quality control of ZSTG.
Conclusion:
The developed method had high repeatability and accuracy and was suitable for the simultaneous analysis
of multiple Q-markers, which may provide a new basis for the comprehensive assessment and overall quality
control of ZSTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kaiping Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cunyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinmei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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12
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Zhang J, Wang D, Zhang X, Yang J, Chai X, Wang Y. Application of "spider-web" mode in discovery and identification of Q-markers from Xuefu Zhuyu capsule. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153273. [PMID: 32663710 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selection of quality control indicators in a complex system is a key scientific issue for the study of Chinese materia medica (CMM), which is directly related to its safety and efficacy. In order to scientifically understand and control the quality of CMM, quality marker (Q-marker) has been recently raised as a new concept, which provided a novel research idea for the quality control and evaluation of CMM. PURPOSE By a new and integrated "spider-web" mode, Q-markers of Xuefu Zhuyu capsule (XZC) were comprehensively uncovered, conducing to great improvement of quality control of XZC. METHODS Mainly established by three dimensions derived from six variables including content, stability and activity, "spider-web" mode was constructed to evaluate Q-marker property of candidate compounds by taking regression area of the tested compounds into account. RESULTS The candidate compounds with larger regression area were preferentially adopted as Q-markers, which should possess the satisfactorily integrated properties of content, stability and activity. Six compounds, naringin, isoliquiritin, paeoniflorin, protocatechuic acid, neohesperidin and ferulic acid, were identified and preferred as Q-markers of XZC. CONCLUSION Based on "spider-web" mode, Q-markers from Xuefu Zhuyu capsule were successfully screened, which would substantially perform quality control of XZC and prove the feasibility of "spider-web" mode in solving the selection of quality control indicators from compound formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Danni Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xin Chai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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Martí M, Diretto G, Aragonés V, Frusciante S, Ahrazem O, Gómez-Gómez L, Daròs JA. Efficient production of saffron crocins and picrocrocin in Nicotiana benthamiana using a virus-driven system. Metab Eng 2020; 61:238-250. [PMID: 32629020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crocins and picrocrocin are glycosylated apocarotenoids responsible, respectively, for the color and the unique taste of the saffron spice, known as red gold due to its high price. Several studies have also shown the health-promoting properties of these compounds. However, their high costs hamper the wide use of these metabolites in the pharmaceutical sector. We have developed a virus-driven system to produce remarkable amounts of crocins and picrocrocin in adult Nicotiana benthamiana plants in only two weeks. The system consists of viral clones derived from tobacco etch potyvirus that express specific carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) enzymes from Crocus sativus and Buddleja davidii. Metabolic analyses of infected tissues demonstrated that the sole virus-driven expression of C. sativus CsCCD2L or B. davidii BdCCD4.1 resulted in the production of crocins, picrocrocin and safranal. Using the recombinant virus that expressed CsCCD2L, accumulations of 0.2% of crocins and 0.8% of picrocrocin in leaf dry weight were reached in only two weeks. In an attempt to improve apocarotenoid content in N. benthamiana, co-expression of CsCCD2L with other carotenogenic enzymes, such as Pantoea ananatis phytoene synthase (PaCrtB) and saffron β-carotene hydroxylase 2 (BCH2), was performed using the same viral system. This combinatorial approach led to an additional crocin increase up to 0.35% in leaves in which CsCCD2L and PaCrtB were co-expressed. Considering that saffron apocarotenoids are costly harvested from flower stigma once a year, and that Buddleja spp. flowers accumulate lower amounts, this system may be an attractive alternative for the sustainable production of these appreciated metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Verónica Aragonés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain.
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Geniposidic Acid, Genipin-1- β-Gentiobioside, Geniposide, Genipin, and Crocetin in Rats after Oral Administration of Crude Gardeniae Fructus and Its Three Processed Products Using LC-MS/MS. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1642761. [PMID: 32454847 PMCID: PMC7229567 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1642761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extract of Gardeniae Fructus (GF) with different processing methods processed the different medicinal properties and efficacy. Crude GF (CGF) could be processed into stir-frying GF (SGF), gancao mix-frying GF (GCGF), and ginger mix-frying GF (GIGF) in practice. An LC-MS/MS method was established for simultaneous quantification of geniposidic acid, geniposide, genipin-1-β-gentiobioside, genipin, and crocetin in the rat plasma. The LLOQs for determination of all five components were 10 ng/mL. The accuracies of intraday and interday were in the range of 91%-105%. The recoveries of 5 analytes ranged from 81.0% to 114% with RSD less than 14%. The results showed that the AUCs (area under the plasma concentration-time curve) and C max (maximum plasma concentration) of geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-gentiobioside, and geniposide after oral administration of the CGF extract were apparently higher than those after oral administration of other processed extracts. C max of geniposide in plasma after administration of GIGF significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Genipin was not detected in rat plasma after administration of the GIGF extract, but it can be detected in plasma after administration of CGF, SGF, and GCGF extract. Furthermore, crocin I and crocin II were not detected in plasma samples. Crocetin had higher concentration in rat plasma versus lower contents in extract. It was demonstrated that the different processing methods might influence the pharmacokinetics of geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-gentiobioside, geniposide, genipin, and crocetin.
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Gardenia jasminoides Enhances CDDP-Induced Apoptosis of Glioblastoma Cells via AKT/mTOR Pathway While Protecting Death of Astrocytes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010196. [PMID: 31936835 PMCID: PMC7019269 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most observed primary brain tumor, of which glioblastoma multiform (GBM) shows the highest incidence. Radiotherapy with temozolomide is the standard therapeutic method, but because of side effects, search for alternative therapies is required. Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) is flavonoid abundant with beneficial effects on inflammation, metabolic diseases, and cancers. In this study, we investigated the synergistic combination of GJ and cisplatin (CDDP) in U87MG and U373MG GBM cells. GJ and CDDP both showed cytotoxicity in U87MG cells, however GJ did not affect viability of normal astrocytes while CDDP displayed high toxicity. Cytotoxic effect of GJ and CDDP was related in apoptosis when confirmed by Western blot assays on cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP. Moreover, GJ and CDDP showed synergistic combination in cell death of GBM cells, which was further confirmed by Western blot assays of apoptosis factors and also flow cytometry of Annexin V. Analysis on autophagy factors showed that GJ/CDDP combination induced autophagy, and through inhibition of autophagy, we could confirm autophagy is crucial to cytotoxicity of GJ/CDDP in GBM cell lines. The autophagy-mediated apoptosis of GJ/CDDP was dependent on the AKT/mTOR pathway. Overall, our results suggest GJ/CDDP combination as an effective yet safe therapeutic approach to GBMs.
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Faraz I, Ali A, Ul Haq F, Tchamgoue J, Kouam SF, Miana GA, Musharraf SG. Sensitive Determination of C-Alkylated Flavonoids by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Approach: Pseudarthria hookeri as a Case Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:944-949. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOne of the major problems with the formulation of herbal medicines is the quality control of plant material to ensure its efficacy and safety. Quality control of medicinal plants requires analysis of many bioactive compounds present in the plant. C-alkylated flavonoids are an important bioactive subclass of flavonoids. A simple, rapid, sensitive and selective method is presented here for the quantification of bioactive C-alkylated flavonoids. This is the first quantitative method for analysis of C-alkylated flavonoids based on the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach so far. This study focuses on method development for quantification of bioactive C-alkylated flavonoids. Quantification of a total of five C-alkylated flavonoids was done employing the MRM approach on an HPLC-QqQ-MS instrument. LODs and LOQs for quantified flavonoids were in the range of 0.41–1.32 and 1.23–3.96 ng/mL, respectively. Linear calibration curves between 25 and 1500 ng/mL were obtained with the regression coefficients of ≥0.996. Accuracy (% bias) and precision (% RSD) of the analyses were found to be less than 5%. Developed HPLC-ESI-MS/MS can be employed as a quality control method of plant raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Faraz
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi-75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ali
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi-75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Faraz Ul Haq
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi-75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Joseph Tchamgoue
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Simeon F Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ghulam Abbas Miana
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad-44000, Pakistan, and
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi-75270, Sindh, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Shan MQ, Wang TJ, Jiang YL, Yu S, Yan H, Zhang L, Wu QN, Geng T, Huang WZ, Wang ZZ, Xiao W. Comparative analysis of sixteen active compounds and antioxidant and anti-influenza properties of Gardenia jasminoides fruits at different times and application to the determination of the appropriate harvest period with hierarchical cluster analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 233:169-178. [PMID: 30639058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardenia jasminoides fruit (GJF) is used as a well-known traditional folk medicine, a food and a natural colorant in Asia with a long history. The herbal medicine has usually been harvested in the autumn from September to November. However, this time span is too long and might result in the quality instability of GJF. AIM OF STUDY We aimed to conduct the comprehensive quality evaluation of GJF including the quantitative analysis of the bioactive components and the main bioactivities, and further to determine the most appropriate harvest time of this phytomedicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, an UFLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS method was established to quantify 7 iridoid glycosides (geniposide, geniposidic acid, secoxyloganin, gardenoside, genipin 1-gentiobioside, scandoside methyl ester, and shanzhiside), 7 phenylpropanoid acids (chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, and caffeic acid) and 2 carotenoids (crocin-1 and crocin-2) in GJF. With this method, nine samples of GJF harvested at different times were analyzed and compared. These samples were also investigated and compared in terms of their antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS free radical scavenging, ferric-reducing antioxidation) and anti-influenza activity (neuraminidase inhibition), which are closely related to the GJF efficacies. Then, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was separately performed for the quantitative analysis and bioactivity evaluation in vitro. RESULTS The HCA results demonstrated that three GJF samples (S5, S6, and S7) were clustered into one group for both quantitative analysis and bioactivity evaluation in vitro; these three samples were found to have the highest standardized scores in both the former (12.775, 12.106, 10.817) and the latter (3.406, 3.374, 3.440). Based on the comprehensive results, the optimum harvest period was confirmed to extend from mid-October to early-November. CONCLUSIONS This study firstly validated the use of UFLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS method for the determination of 16 bioactive components in GJF. It was also the first time that a quantitative analysis and a bioactivity assay in vitro were integrated for the determination of the most appropriate harvest period of GJF. We hope this paper may provide some reference to studies of appropriate harvest periods and even the quality control of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tuan-Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - Yu-Lan Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi-Nan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ting Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
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18
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Wang H, Li J, Gao X, Chang Y. Ionic liquid vortex‐simplified matrix solid‐phase dispersion for the simultaneous determination of terpenoids, crocins, quinic acid derivatives and flavonoids in
Gardeniae fructus
by UHPLC. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1886-1895. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical AnalysisTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical AnalysisTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Xiu‐mei Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical AnalysisTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yan‐xu Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical AnalysisTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
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NÁTHIA-NEVES G, NOGUEIRA GC, VARDANEGA R, MEIRELES MADA. Identification and quantification of genipin and geniposide from Genipa americana L. by HPLC-DAD using a fused-core column. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.17317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang Y, Hong F, Li D, Qi J, Liu X. A novel strategy for evaluation of natural products acting on the myeloperoxidase/hypochlorous acid system by combining high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-chemiluminescence and ultrafiltration-mass spectrometry techniques. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4222-4232. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Jiangsu key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Fang Hong
- Jiangsu key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Jiangsu key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jin Qi
- Jiangsu key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xuming Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
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Isolation and Identification of the Five Novel Flavonoids from Genipa americana Leaves. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102521. [PMID: 30279336 PMCID: PMC6222654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genipa americana is a medicinal plant popularly known as "jenipapo", which occurs in Brazil and belongs to the Rubiaceae family. It is a species widely distributed in the tropical Central and South America, especially in the Cerrado biome. Their leaves and fruits are used as food and popularly in folk medicine to treat anemias, as an antidiarrheal, and anti-syphilitic. Iridoids are the main secondary metabolites described from G. americana, but few studies have been conducted with their leaves. In this study, the aim was to chemical approach for identify the main compounds present at the extract of G. americana leaves. The powdered leaves were extracted by maceration with EtOH: water (70:30, v/v), following liquid-liquid partition with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. A total of 13 compounds were identified. In addition three flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction: quercetin-3-O-robinoside (GAF 1), kaempferol-3-O-robinoside (GAF 2) and isorhamnetin-3-O-robinoside (GAF 3) and, from n-butanol fraction more two flavonoids were isolated, kaempferol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside (robinin) (GAF 4) and isorhamnetin-3-O-robinoside-7-rhamnoside (GAF 5). Chemical structures of these five flavonoids were elucidated using spectroscopic methods (MS, ¹H and 13C-NMR 1D and 2D). These flavonoids glycosides were described for the first time in G. americana.
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Bellé AS, Hackenhaar CR, Spolidoro LS, Rodrigues E, Klein MP, Hertz PF. Efficient enzyme-assisted extraction of genipin from genipap (Genipa americana L.) and its application as a crosslinker for chitosan gels. Food Chem 2018; 246:266-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Shi F, Pan H, Li Y, Huang L, Wu Q, Lu Y. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of geniposide and its active metabolite genipin in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of clinical pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi China
| | - Linyan Huang
- Department of clinical pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi China
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi China
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Nagata Y, Watanabe T, Nagasaka K, Yamada M, Murai M, Takeuchi S, Murase M, Yazaki T, Murase T, Komatsu K, Kaizuka M, Sano M, Asano K, Ando C, Taniuchi N. Total dosage of gardenia fruit used by patients with mesenteric phlebosclerosis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:207. [PMID: 27402114 PMCID: PMC4940942 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenteric phlebosclerosis (MP) is a disease characterized by fibrotic change or calcification of the mesenteric vein. Recently, there has been an increase in case reports of MP related to herbal medicine usage. Long-term intake of gardenia fruit (GF) is suspected as a possible cause. However, many GF users do not develop this disease and the association between GF and MP remains unclear. In this study, we investigated for the first time the dosage of GF used by patients with and without MP. METHODS We used a medical chart review study design to assess the association between GF and MP. We reviewed patients with a history of intake of herbal medicines containing GF. Among these patients, we selected patients who were examined by colonoscopy and abdominal plain computed tomography (CT). We investigated the findings of colonoscopy, CT scan and histological examination. We assessed the total dosages of GF alongside the duration of ambulatory visit, the administration period of herbal medicine containing GF and pre-existing disease in order to compare MP cases and non-MP patients. RESULTS Ten MP cases and 42 non-MP patients were analyzed. We summarized clinical findings of MP cases. All MP cases used more GF than non-MP patients and were administered more than approximately 5,000 grams of GF in cumulative dosage. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that excessive intake of GF contributes to and/or accelerates the development of MP suggesting that long-term usage of GF in excessive amounts increases the risk of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nagata
- Department of Oriental Traditional Medical Center, Suwa Central Hospital, 4300 Tamagawa, Chino, Nagano, 391-8503, Japan.
- River Side Clinic, Chino, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Watanabe
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine and Rheumatology, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nagasaka
- Department of Oriental Traditional Medical Center, Suwa Central Hospital, 4300 Tamagawa, Chino, Nagano, 391-8503, Japan
- River Side Clinic, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamada
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Murai
- Hokudaimae Clinic, Hokkaido Kampo Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Shinsapporo Keiaikai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sunao Takeuchi
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mai Murase
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yazaki
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murase
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenichi Komatsu
- Department of Surgery, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Machiko Kaizuka
- Department of Surgery, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mika Sano
- Department of Radiology, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koji Asano
- Department of Pathology, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Norihide Taniuchi
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
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25
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Qiu S, Granet R, Mbakidi JP, Brégier F, Pouget C, Micallef L, Sothea-Ouk T, Leger DY, Liagre B, Chaleix V, Sol V. Delivery of tanshinone IIA and α-mangostin from gold/PEI/cyclodextrin nanoparticle platform designed for prostate cancer chemotherapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2503-2506. [PMID: 27040657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new anti-cancer drug delivery system, based on gold nanoparticles, has been designed for hydrophobic active compounds. The system is a conjugate of gold/polyethyleneimine (AuNPs/PEI) nanoparticles and sulphated β-cyclodextrin (CD). Anionic cyclodextrin was attached to the positively charged AuNPs/PEI nanoparticles by ionic bonds. Tanshinone IIA and α-mangostin were extracted, purified and encapsulated into the AuNPs/PEI/CD nanoparticles. In vitro preliminary cell viability assays against prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145 showed that encapsulation resulted in increased cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Qiu
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Robert Granet
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Mbakidi
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Frédérique Brégier
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Christelle Pouget
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Ludovic Micallef
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Tan Sothea-Ouk
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - David Y Leger
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Chaleix
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, F-87000 Limoges, France
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26
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Wang GW, Bao B, Han ZQ, Han QY, Yang XL. Metabolic profile of Fructus Gardeniae in human plasma and urine using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution LTQ-orbitrap mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:901-12. [PMID: 26751108 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1132793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Wa Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China and
| | - Burenbatu Bao
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China and
| | - Zhi-Qiang Han
- Medical Institution Conducting Clinical Trials for Human Used Drug of Affliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Qing-Yu Han
- Medical Institution Conducting Clinical Trials for Human Used Drug of Affliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China and
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27
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Han Y, Wen J, Zhou T, Fan G. Chemical fingerprinting of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis by HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS combined with chemometrics methods. Food Chem 2015; 188:648-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Chen L, Kotani A, Hakamata H, Tsutsumi R, Hayashi Y, Wang Z, Kusu F. Repeatability Assessment by ISO 11843-7 in Quantitative HPLC for Herbal Medicines. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:903-9. [PMID: 26353956 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have proposed an assessment methods to estimate the measurement relative standard deviation (RSD) of chromatographic peaks in quantitative HPLC for herbal medicines by the methodology of ISO 11843 Part 7 (ISO 11843-7:2012), which provides detection limits stochastically. In quantitative HPLC with UV detection (HPLC-UV) of Scutellaria Radix for the determination of baicalin, the measurement RSD of baicalin by ISO 11843-7:2012 stochastically was within a 95% confidence interval of the statistically obtained RSD by repetitive measurements (n = 6). Thus, our findings show that it is applicable for estimating of the repeatability of HPLC-UV for determining baicalin without repeated measurements. In addition, the allowable limit of the "System repeatability" in "Liquid Chromatography" regulated in a pharmacopoeia can be obtained by the present assessment method. Moreover, the present assessment method was also successfully applied to estimate the measurement RSDs of quantitative three-channel liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LC-3ECD) of Chrysanthemi Flos for determining caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids. By the present repeatability assessment method, reliable measurement RSD was obtained stochastically, and the experimental time was remarkably reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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29
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Martins D, Nunez CV. Secondary metabolites from Rubiaceae species. Molecules 2015; 20:13422-95. [PMID: 26205062 PMCID: PMC6331836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200713422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes some characteristics of the Rubiaceae family pertaining to the occurrence and distribution of secondary metabolites in the main genera of this family. It reports the review of phytochemical studies addressing all species of Rubiaceae, published between 1990 and 2014. Iridoids, anthraquinones, triterpenes, indole alkaloids as well as other varying alkaloid subclasses, have shown to be the most common. These compounds have been mostly isolated from the genera Uncaria, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Ophiorrhiza and Morinda. The occurrence and distribution of iridoids, alkaloids and anthraquinones point out their chemotaxonomic correlation among tribes and subfamilies. From an evolutionary point of view, Rubioideae is the most ancient subfamily, followed by Ixoroideae and finally Cinchonoideae. The chemical biosynthetic pathway, which is not so specific in Rubioideae, can explain this and large amounts of both iridoids and indole alkaloids are produced. In Ixoroideae, the most active biosysthetic pathway is the one that produces iridoids; while in Cinchonoideae, it produces indole alkaloids together with other alkaloids. The chemical biosynthetic pathway now supports this botanical conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Martins
- Bioprospection and Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology and Innovation Coordenation, National Research Institute of Amazonia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Veronica Nunez
- Bioprospection and Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology and Innovation Coordenation, National Research Institute of Amazonia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil.
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30
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Rapid Antidepressant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Is Associated with Upregulation of BDNF Expression in the Hippocampus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:761238. [PMID: 25878718 PMCID: PMC4387974 DOI: 10.1155/2015/761238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol extract of Yueju pill, a Traditional Chinese Medicine herbal formula widely used to treat mood disorders, demonstrates rapid antidepressant effects similar to ketamine, likely via instant enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. Here we investigated ethanol extracts of the constituent herbs of Yueju responsible for rapid antidepressant effects. Screening with tail suspension test in Kunming mice at 24 hours after a single administration of five individual constituent herbs of Yueju, we found that only Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJ) showed a significant effect. The antidepressant response started at 2 hours after GJ administration. Similar to Yueju and ketamine, a single administration of GJ significantly reduced the number of escape failures in the learned helplessness test. Furthermore, GJ decreased latency of food consumption in the novelty suppressed-feeding test. Additionally, starting from 2 hours and continuing for over 20 hours after GJ administration, BDNF expression in the hippocampus was upregulated, temporally linked with the antidepressant response. These findings suggest that GJ has rapid antidepressant effects, which are associated with the elevated expression of BDNF in the hippocampus. In Yueju formula, Yue represents GJ, as thus our study demonstrates the primary role of GJ in rapid antidepressant efficacy of Yueju.
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31
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Cai X, Zhang R, Guo Y, He J, Li S, Zhu Z, Liu G, Liu Z, Yang J. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of gardenia fruit oil with bioactive components and their identification and quantification by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS2. Food Funct 2015; 6:2194-204. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive components in Gardenia oil were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction, identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS2 and HPLC-DAD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Cai
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Jingren He
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products
| | - Shuyi Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
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32
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Fang L, Yang G, Song Y, Li F, Lin N. Application of isoabsorption plots generated by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection to the development of multicomponent quantitative analysis of traditional herbal medicines. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3245-52. [PMID: 25146493 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent quantitative analysis is one of the mainstream quality control methods of traditional herbal medicines. Since the constituents of traditional herbal medicines samples are complex, the development of high-performance liquid chromatography methods is laborious. In this study, an isoabsorption plot, a chromatographic/spectrometric data image plotted by diode array detection was utilized to facilitate the establishment of a high-performance liquid chromatography method by optimizing and validating the detection conditions off-line. Consequently a simple, reliable and accurate method for simultaneous determination of seven active polyphenolic components (protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, scutellarin, and apigenin) in Qingfei mixture, a long-used Chinese prescription, was developed. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column with gradient elution of phosphoric acid aqueous solution (0.05%, v/v) and acetonitrile, and a wavelength switch program optimized with isoplot was adopted for detection. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, repeatability, and accuracy and was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of the seven polyphenolic components in different production batches of Qingfei Mixture. These results indicated that isoplot is an effective tool to improve the establishment of multicomponent quantitative analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Fang
- Affiliated Zhejiang Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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