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Mancuso C. Panax notoginseng: Pharmacological Aspects and Toxicological Issues. Nutrients 2024; 16:2120. [PMID: 38999868 PMCID: PMC11242943 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests a beneficial role of herbal products in free radical-induced diseases. Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen has long occupied a leading position in traditional Chinese medicine because of the ergogenic, nootropic, and antistress activities, although these properties are also acknowledged in the Western world. The goal of this paper is to review the pharmacological and toxicological properties of P. notoginseng and discuss its potential therapeutic effect. A literature search was carried out on Pubmed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. The following search terms were used: "notoginseng", "gut microbiota", "immune system", "inflammation", "cardiovascular system", "central nervous system", "metabolism", "cancer", and "toxicology". Only peer-reviewed articles written in English, with the full text available, have been included. Preclinical evidence has unraveled the P. notoginseng pharmacological effects in immune-inflammatory, cardiovascular, central nervous system, metabolic, and neoplastic diseases by acting on several molecular targets. However, few clinical studies have confirmed the therapeutic properties of P. notoginseng, mainly as an adjuvant in the conventional treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Further clinical studies, which both confirm the efficacy of P. notoginseng in free radical-related diseases and delve into its toxicological aspects, are mandatory to broaden its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Mancuso
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; ; Tel.: +39-06-30154367; Fax: +39-06-3050159
- Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Yang Y, Chen W, Lin Z, Wu Y, Li Y, Xia X. Panax notoginseng saponins prevent dementia and oxidative stress in brains of SAMP8 mice by enhancing mitophagy. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:144. [PMID: 38575939 PMCID: PMC10993618 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the distinctive features of neurons in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intraneuronal autophagosomes selectively phagocytose and degrade the damaged mitochondria, mitigating neuronal damage in AD. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) can effectively reduce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in the brain of animals with AD, but their exact mechanism of action is unknown. METHODS Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice with age-related AD were treated with PNS for 8 weeks. The effects of PNS on learning and memory abilities, cerebral oxidative stress status, and hippocampus ultrastructure of mice were observed. Moreover, changes of the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-Parkin, which regulates ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy, and the recruit of downstream autophagy receptors were investigated. RESULTS PNS attenuated cognitive dysfunction in SAMP8 mice in the Morris water maze test. PNS also enhanced glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and increased glutathione levels by 25.92% and 45.55% while inhibiting 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine by 27.74% and the malondialdehyde production by 34.02% in the brains of SAMP8 mice. Our observation revealed the promotion of mitophagy, which was accompanied by an increase in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) mRNA and 70.00% increase of LC3-II/I protein ratio in the brain tissues of PNS-treated mice. PNS treatment increased Parkin mRNA and protein expression by 62.80% and 43.80%, while increasing the mRNA transcription and protein expression of mitophagic receptors such as optineurin, and nuclear dot protein 52. CONCLUSION PNS enhanced the PINK1/Parkin pathway and facilitated mitophagy in the hippocampus, thereby preventing cerebral oxidative stress in SAMP8 mice. This may be a mechanism contributing to the cognition-improvement effect of PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Wenya Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Neuro-metabolism and Immunopharmacology of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Zhenmei Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yijing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Xing Xia
- Key Laboratory of TCM Neuro-metabolism and Immunopharmacology of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
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Wang Z, Fang J, Zu S, Sun Q, Song Z, Geng J, Wang D, Li M, Wang C. Protective Effect of Panax notoginseng Extract Fermented by Four Different Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains on H 2O 2 Induced Oxidative Stress in Skin Fibroblasts. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:621-635. [PMID: 38505810 PMCID: PMC10949305 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s443717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To produce Panax notoginseng extract as a cosmetic ingredient through Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation. Methods We first compared the total sugar content, polysaccharide content, reducing sugar content, total phenolic content, total saponin content, DPPH free radical, ABTS free radical, hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of Panax notoginseng fermented extract (pnFE) and unfermented extract (pnWE). Their potential correlations were analyzed by Pearson's correlation analysis. Then, the oxidative stress model of H2O2-induced MSFs was used to evaluate the effects of different pnFE on MSF viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to explore their protective effects on MSFs subjected to H2O2-induced cellular oxidative damage. Finally, their safety and stability were evaluated by using the red blood cell (RBC) test and hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay, and changes in pH and content of soluble solids, respectively. Results Compared with pnWE, pnFE has more active substances and stronger antioxidant capacity. In addition, pnFE has a protective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in MSFs with appropriate safety and stability. Conclusion PnFE has broad application prospects in the field of cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxuan Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shigao Zu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianru Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixin Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiman Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
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Liu T, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhang J, Kang N, Zheng L, Ding Z. The Optimization Design of Macrophage Membrane Camouflaging Liposomes for Alleviating Ischemic Stroke Injury through Intranasal Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2927. [PMID: 38474179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is associated with a high mortality rate, and effective treatment strategies are currently lacking. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel nano delivery system to treat ischemic stroke via intranasal administration. A three-factor Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the formulation of liposomes co-loaded with Panax notoginseng saponins (PNSs) and Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) (Lip-Rg3/PNS). Macrophage membranes were coated onto the surface of the optimized liposomes to target the ischemic site of the brain. The double-loaded liposomes disguised by macrophage membranes (MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS) were spherical, in a "shell-core" structure, with encapsulation rates of 81.41% (PNS) and 93.81% (Rg3), and showed good stability. In vitro, MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS was taken up by brain endothelial cells via the clathrin-dependent endocytosis and micropinocytosis pathways. Network pharmacology experiments predicted that MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS could regulate multiple signaling pathways and treat ischemic stroke by reducing apoptosis and inflammatory responses. After 14 days of treatment with MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS, the survival rate, weight, and neurological score of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats significantly improved. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and TUNEL staining results showed that MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS can reduce neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration and protect the ischemic brain. In vivo biological experiments have shown that free Rg3, PNS, and MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS can alleviate inflammation and apoptosis, especially MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS, indicating that biomimetic liposomes can improve the therapeutic effects of drugs. Overall, MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS is a potential biomimetic nano targeted formulation for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mengfan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Naijin Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiying Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Li S, Sun Y, Gao Y, Yu X, Zhao C, Song X, Han F, Yu J. Spectrum-effect relationship analysis based on HPLC-FT-ICR-MS and multivariate statistical analysis to reveal the pharmacodynamic substances of Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan decoction on Alzheimer's disease. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115765. [PMID: 37844366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) threatens elderly human health and still lacks effective treatment. Our previous work showed that LGZGD possessed a neuroprotective effect on the Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells, indicating that LGZGD may be a potential drug for treatment of AD. However, its pharmacodynamic substances which show anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant stress activities are still unrevealed. This research aims to reveal the pharmacodynamic substances of LGZGD on Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cell model of AD based on a spectrum-effect relationship study by using HPLC-FT-ICR-MS method and multivariate statistical analysis. Firstly, the chemical composition spectra of different combinations of LGZGD were recorded by HPLC-FT-ICR MS. Subsequently, Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cell model of AD was established and pharmacodynamic experiments were conducted to evaluate their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, respectively. Finally, the potential pharmacodynamic substances were screened out through spectrum-effect relationship study accompanied by multivariate statistical analysis including bivariate correlation analysis (BCA), grey relational analysis (GRA), principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR). As a result, a total of 96 chemical consistents in different combinations of LGZGD were discovered. Among them, 7 components such as isoglabrolide, licorice saponin E2, licorice saponin N2 and licoisoflavanone were directly linked with the anti-inflammatory effects, and 14 constituents such as tumulosic acid, polyporenic acid C, dehydrotumulosic acid, dehydropachymic acid, and pachymic acid were directly correlated with the anti-oxidative stress activities. In conclusion, we combined the HPLC-FT-ICR-MS spectra with pharmacodynamic indicators to develop the spectrum-effect relationships of LGZGD for the first time, and successfully revealed its potential pharmacodynamic substances in the treatment of AD from the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways in the cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuanfang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yutong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinying Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiuping Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Wei X, Wen Y, Hu Y, Guo X. Total Saponins of Panax Notoginseng Modulate the Astrocyte Inflammatory Signaling Pathway and Attenuate Inflammatory Injury Induced by Oxygen- Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:267-276. [PMID: 37218204 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230509113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reperfusion after cerebral ischemia causes brain injury. Total saponins of Panax notoginseng (PNS) have potential roles in protecting against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, whether PNS regulates astrocytes on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and its mechanism still need further clarification. METHODS Rat C6 glial cells were treated with PNS at different doses. Cell models were established by exposing C6 glial cells and BMECs to OGD/R. Cell viability was assessed, and levels of nitrite concentration, inflammatory factors (iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α), and oxidative stress-related factors (MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC) were subsequently measured through CCK8, Grice analysis, Western blot, and ELISA, respectively. The co-cultured C6 and endothelial cells were treated with PNS for 24 hours before model establishment. Then transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) content, and mRNA and protein levels and positive rates of tight junction proteins [Claudin-5, Occludin, ZO-1] were measured by a cell resistance meter, corresponding kits, ELISA, RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS PNS had no cytotoxicity. PNS reduced iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels in astrocytes, promoted T-AOC level and SOD and GSH-Px activities, and inhibited MDA levels, thus inhibiting oxidative stress in astrocytes. In addition, PNS alleviated OGD/R injury, reduced Na-Flu permeability, and enhanced TEER, LDH activity, BDNF content, and levels of tight junction proteins Claudin-5, Occludin, ZO-1 in the culture system of astrocytes and rat BMECs after OGD/R. CONCLUSION PNS repressed astrocyte inflammation and attenuated OGD/R injury in rat BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 1 Xuebei Street, Huicheng District, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqi Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 1 Xuebei Street, Huicheng District, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongzhen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 1 Xuebei Street, Huicheng District, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuli Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, No. 41 Eleng North Road, Huicheng District, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
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Alipanah-Moghadam R, Khodaei M, Aghamohammadi V, Malekzadeh V, Afrouz M, Nemati A, Zahedian H. Andrographolide induced heme oxygenase-1 expression in MSC-like cells isolated from rat bone marrow exposed to environmental stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149212. [PMID: 37944470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-like cells) are the most important stem cells that are used in transplantation clinically in various applications. The survival rate of MSC-like cells is strongly reduced due to adverse conditions in the microenvironment of transplantation, including environmental stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a member of the heat shock protein, as well as a stress-induced enzyme, present throughout the body. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of andrographolide, an active derivative from andrographolide paniculate, on HO-1 expression in mesenchymal stem cells derived from rat bone marrow. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-like cells) were extracted and proliferated in several passages. The identity of MSC-like cells was confirmed by morphological observations and differential tests. The flow cytometry method was used to verify the MSC-specific markers. Isolated MSC-like cells were treated with different concentrations of andrographolide and then exposed to environmental stress. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay. A real-time PCR technique was employed to evaluate the expression level of HO-1 in the treated MSC-like cells. RESULTS Isolated MSC-like cells demonstrated fibroblast-like morphology. These cells in different culture mediums differentiated into osteocytes and adipocytes and were identified using alizarin red and oil red staining, respectively. As well, MSC-like cells were verified by the detection of CD105 surface antigen and the absence of CD14 and CD45 antigens. The results of the MTT assay showed that the pre-treatment of MSC-like cells with andrographolide concentration independently increased the viability and resistance of these cells to environmental stress caused by hydrogen peroxide and serum deprivation (SD). Real-time PCR findings indicated a significant increase in HO-1 gene expression in the andrographolide-receiving groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that andrographolide creates a promising strategy for enhancing the quality of cell therapy by increasing the resistance of MSC-like cells to environmental stress and inducing the expression of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alipanah-Moghadam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Khodaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | | | - Vadoud Malekzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Afrouz
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran.
| | - Ali Nemati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hoda Zahedian
- Department of Deutsch-Sprachen, Volkshochschule, Gütersloh, Germany
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Wu W, Huang J, Han P, Zhang J, Wang Y, Jin F, Zhou Y. Research Progress on Natural Plant Molecules in Regulating the Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7631. [PMID: 38005352 PMCID: PMC10674591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. With the aging population and the continuous development of risk factors associated with AD, it will impose a significant burden on individuals, families, and society. Currently, commonly used therapeutic drugs such as Cholinesterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, and multiple AD pathology removal drugs have been shown to have beneficial effects on certain pathological conditions of AD. However, their clinical efficacy is minimal and they are associated with certain adverse reactions. Furthermore, the underlying pathological mechanism of AD remains unclear, posing a challenge for drug development. In contrast, natural plant molecules, widely available, offer multiple targeting pathways and demonstrate inherent advantages in modifying the typical pathologic features of AD by influencing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We provide a comprehensive review of recent in vivo and in vitro studies on natural plant molecules that impact the BBB in the treatment of AD. Additionally, we analyze their specific mechanisms to offer novel insights for the development of safe and effective targeted drugs as well as guidance for experimental research and the clinical application of drugs for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Pengfei Han
- Science and Education Section, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Zhangjiakou 075041, China;
| | - Jian Zhang
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Fangfang Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
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Liu Y, Wang X, Xie J, Tang M. Regulation of NAD +/NADH Redox Involves the Protective Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Astrocyte Lesions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16059. [PMID: 38003249 PMCID: PMC10671041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate NAD+/NADH redox regulation in astrocytes by Ginsenoside Rb1 subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and to reveal the neuroprotective mechanism of ginseng. Neonatal mouse brain was used to culture primary astrocytes. The third generation of the primary astrocytes was used for the experiments. OGD/R was introduced by culturing the cells in a glucose-free media under nitrogen for 6 h followed by a regular culture for 24 h. Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuated OGD/R-induced astrocyte injury in a dose-dependent manner. It improved the mitochondrial function of OGD/R astrocytes indicated by improving mitochondrial distribution, increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhancing mitochondrial DNA copies and ATP production. Ginsenoside Rb1 significantly lifted intracellular NAD+/NADH, NADPH/NADP+, and GSH/GSSG in OGD/R astrocytes. It inhibited the protein expression of both PARP1 and CD38, while attenuating the SIRT1 drop in OGD/R cells. In line with its effects on PARP1, Ginsenoside Rb1 significantly reduced the expression of poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) proteins in OGD/R cells. Ginsenoside Rb1 also significantly increased the expression of NAMPT and NMNAT2, both of which are key players in NAD/NADH synthesis. The results suggest that the regulation of NAD+/NADH redox involves the protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 against OGD/R-induced astrocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiayu Xie
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Minke Tang
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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Shi X, Feng L, Li Y, Qin M, Li T, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Zhou C, Cheng S, Zhang C, Gao Y. Efficacy and safety of Panax notoginseng saponins (Xuesaitong) for patients with acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1280559. [PMID: 37908976 PMCID: PMC10614024 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1280559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke is the major cause of mortality and permanent disability and is associated with an astonishing economic burden worldwide. In the past few decades, accumulated evidence has indicated that Xuesaitong (XST) has therapeutic benefits in cases of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Our study aimed to provide the best current body of evidence of the efficacy and safety of XST for patients with AIS. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched eight electronic databases from inception to 17 July 2023 for relevant RCTs. The investigators independently screened trials, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 16.0 software. Results: In total, 46 RCTs involving 7,957 patients were included. The results showed that XST improved the long-term functional outcomes with lower modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores (MD = -0.67; 95% CI [-0.92 to -0.42]; p < 0.00001) and a higher proportion of functional independence (mRS ≤2) (RR = 1.08; 95% CI [1.05 to 1.12]; p < 0.00001). Low-quality evidence indicated that XST improved the activities of daily living (MD = 10.17; 95% CI [7.28 to 13.06]; p < 0.00001), improved the neurological impairment (MD = -3.39; 95% CI [-3.94 to -2.84]; p < 0.00001), and enhanced the total efficiency rate (RR = 1.19; 95% CI [1.15 to 1.23]; p < 0.00001). No significant difference was found in the all-cause mortality or incidence of adverse events between the XST and control groups. The certainty of evidence was estimated as moderate to very low. Conclusion: Presently, the administration of XST within 14 days of AIS is associated with favorable long-term functional outcomes. In addition, XST can improve activities of daily living, alleviate neurological deficits, and has shown good tolerability. However, the current evidence is too weak, and the confidence of evidence synthesis was restricted by the high risk of bias. Given the insufficient evidence, appropriately sized and powered RCTs investigating the efficacy and safety of XST for patients with AIS are warranted. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=446208, CRD42023446208.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Shi
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luda Feng
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhen Qin
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Zixin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Congren Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sisong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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11
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Wan D, Zhu Z, Zhou J, Deng Z, Lei P, Liu Q, Sun X, Huang B. Astragaloside IV protects LO2 cells from oxidative damage caused by radiation-induced bystander effect through Akt/Nrf2 pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:635-647. [PMID: 37663802 PMCID: PMC10470369 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The protective effects of astragaloside IV (ASIV) on various diseases are well known, but its potential impact on radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has remained unclear. Objective This study aimed to explore the protective mechanism of ASIV against oxidative damage caused by RIBE in LO2 cells. Methods To construct the RIBE model, the conditioned medium from HepG2 cells irradiated with radiation was transferred to nonirradiated LO2 cells. LY294002, a commonly used phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway inhibitor, was added to LO2 cells 1 h before exposing HepG2 cells to radiation. LO2 cells were then collected for analyses after RIBE exposure. Results The study found that ASIV significantly improved cell proliferation and promoted the recovery of mitochondrial membrane potential while reducing the rate of apoptosis. Western blot analyses demonstrated that ASIV upregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 and downregulated B-cell lymphoma 2-related X protein and cleaved-caspase 3. Measurement of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels showed that ASIV effectively restored the oxidative stress state induced by RIBE. Additionally, immunofluorescence and western blots analyses confirmed that ASIV enhanced the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus and activated downstream nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: quinine oxidoreductase 1 and heme oxygenase 1. Importantly, Akt pathway inhibitor repressed ASIV-induced activation of Nrf2 and its protective effect against RIBE. Conclusion This study demonstrates that ASIV protects LO2 cells against oxidative damage caused by RIBE through activation of the Akt/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danting Wan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zihao Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhengzheng Deng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Pengyuan Lei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoya Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, China
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12
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Zhang R, Zeng M, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Lv N, Wang L, Gan J, Li Y, Jiang X, Yang L. Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer's Disease: Saponins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10505. [PMID: 37445682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug development for Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of dementia, has been a long-standing challenge. Saponins, which are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides with various pharmacological activities, have displayed therapeutic potential in treating Alzheimer's disease. In a comprehensive review of the literature from May 2007 to May 2023, we identified 63 references involving 40 different types of saponins that have been studied for their effects on Alzheimer's disease. These studies suggest that saponins have the potential to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid beta peptide deposition, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, modulating oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and antiapoptosis. Most intriguingly, ginsenoside Rg1 and pseudoginsenoside-F11 possess these important pharmacological properties and show the best promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a summary and classification of common saponins that have been studied for their therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease, showcasing their underlying mechanisms. This highlights the promising potential of saponins for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nuan Lv
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yawen Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Majnooni MB, Fakhri S, Ghanadian SM, Bahrami G, Mansouri K, Iranpanah A, Farzaei MH, Mojarrab M. Inhibiting Angiogenesis by Anti-Cancer Saponins: From Phytochemistry to Cellular Signaling Pathways. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030323. [PMID: 36984763 PMCID: PMC10052344 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Saponins are one of the broadest classes of high-molecular-weight natural compounds, consisting mainly of a non-polar moiety with 27 to 30 carbons and a polar moiety containing sugars attached to the sapogenin structure. Saponins are found in more than 100 plant families as well as found in marine organisms. Saponins have several therapeutic effects, including their administration in the treatment of various cancers. These compounds also reveal noteworthy anti-angiogenesis effects as one of the critical strategies for inhibiting cancer growth and metastasis. In this study, a comprehensive review is performed on electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. Accordingly, the structural characteristics of triterpenoid/steroid saponins and their anti-cancer effects were highlighted, focusing on their anti-angiogenic effects and related mechanisms. Consequently, the anti-angiogenic effects of saponins, inhibiting the expression of genes related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) are two main anti-angiogenic mechanisms of triterpenoid and steroidal saponins. The inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways that stimulate angiogenesis, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), and phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), are other anti-angiogenic mechanisms of saponins. Furthermore, the anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer activity of saponins was closely related to the binding site of the sugar moiety, the type and number of their monosaccharide units, as well as the presence of some functional groups in their aglycone structure. Therefore, saponins are suitable candidates for cancer treatment by inhibiting angiogenesis, for which extensive pre-clinical and comprehensive clinical trial studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Majnooni
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Syed Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahrami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- Correspondence: or (M.H.F.); (M.M.); Tel.: +98-08334266780 (M.M.)
| | - Mahdi Mojarrab
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- Correspondence: or (M.H.F.); (M.M.); Tel.: +98-08334266780 (M.M.)
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14
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Liang Z, Liu K, Li R, Ma B, Zheng W, Yang S, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Chen J, Zhao M. An instant beverage rich in nutrients and secondary metabolites manufactured from stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1058639. [PMID: 36570153 PMCID: PMC9767984 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1058639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Radix Notoginseng, one of the most famous Chinese traditional medicines, is the dried root of Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae). Stems and leaves of P. notoginseng (SLPN) are rich in secondary metabolites and nutrients, and authorized as a food resource, however, its utilization needs further research. Methods A SLPN-instant beverage was manufactured from SLPN through optimization by response surface design with 21-fold of 48.50% ethanol for 39 h, and this extraction was repeated twice; the extraction solution was concentrated to 1/3 volume using a vacuum rotatory evaporator at 45°C, and then spray dried at 110°C. Nutritional components including 14 amino acids, ten mineral elements, 15 vitamins were detected in the SLPN-instant beverage; forty-three triterpenoid saponins, e.g., ginsenoside La, ginsenoside Rb3, notoginsenoside R1, and two flavonoid glycosides, as well as dencichine were identified by UPLC-MS. Results The extraction rate of SLPN-instant beverage was 37.89 ± 0.02%. The majority nutrients were Gly (2.10 ± 0.63 mg/g), His (1.23 ± 0.07 mg/g), α-VE (18.89 ± 1.87 μg/g), β-VE (17.53 ± 1.98 μg/g), potassium (49.26 ± 2.70 mg/g), calcium (6.73 ± 0.27 mg/g). The total saponin of the SLPN-instant beverage was 403.05 ± 34.98 mg/g, majority was notoginsenoside Fd and with contents of 227 ± 2.02 mg/g. In addition, catechin and γ-aminobutyric acid were detected with levels of 24.57 ± 0.21 mg/g and 7.50 ± 1.85 mg/g, respectively. The SLPN-instant beverage showed good antioxidant activities with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for scavenging hydroxyl (OH-) radicals, superoxide anion (O2-) radicals, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS+) radicals were 0.1954, 0.2314, 0.4083, and 0.3874 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion We optimized an analytical method for in depth analysis of the newly authorized food resource SLPN. Together, an instant beverage with antioxidant activity, rich in nutrients and secondary metabolites, was manufactured from SLPN, which may improve the utilization of SLPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Liang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kunyi Liu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China,College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China,College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Baiping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shengchao Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinhe Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junwen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Junwen Chen,
| | - Ming Zhao
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China,College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Ming Zhao,
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15
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Yue J, Li Z, Zuo Z, Wang Y. Evaluation of Ecological Suitability and Quality Suitability of Panax notoginseng Under Multi-Regionalization Modeling Theory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818376. [PMID: 35574115 PMCID: PMC9096839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is an important medicinal plant in China, but there are some limitations in the ecological suitability study, such as incomplete investigation of species distribution, single regionalization modeling, and lack of collaborative evaluation of ecological suitability, and quality suitability. In this study, the maximum entropy model was used to analyze the ecological suitability of P. notoginseng under current and future climates. The multi-source chemical information of samples was collected to evaluate the uniformity between quality and ecology. The results showed that the current suitable habitat was mainly in southwest China. In the future climate scenarios, the high suitable habitat will be severely degraded. Modeling based on different regionalization could predict larger suitable habitat areas. The samples in the high suitable habitat had both quality suitability and ecological suitability, and the accumulation of chemical components had different responses to different environmental factors. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy combined with deep learning could achieve rapid identification of samples from different suitable habitats. In conclusion, global warming is not conducive to the distribution and spread of P. notoginseng. The high suitable habitat was conducive to the cultivation of high-quality medicinal materials. Actual regionalization modeling had more guiding significance for the selection of suitable habitats in a small area. The multi-regionalization modeling theory proposed in this study could provide a new perspective for the ecological suitability study of similar medicinal plants. The results provided a reference for the introduction and cultivation, and lay the foundation for the scientific and standardized production of high-quality P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - ZhiTian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - YuanZhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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16
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Shi P, Zheng W, Zhou J, Han N, Yin J. Effects of MaiLiuPian on carotid thrombosis in rats and acute pulmonary embolism in mice and its antithrombotic mechanism. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14143. [PMID: 35388507 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mailiupian (MLP) is a new patent functional food that consists of Crataegi Fructus, Notoginseng Radix, and Ginkgo Folium, which was reported to be active in improving the microcirculation based on formulation screening. However, whether it is effective in inhibiting thrombus and its mechanism has not been evaluated. Therefore, in the present study, the models of arterial thrombosis induced by FeCl3 and the models of APE by ADP were established to evaluate the antithrombosis effect of MLP. Results showed that MLP markedly reduced the weight and size of wet thrombosis in FeCl3 -induced rats and decreased the recovery time from symptoms of APE mice. MLP was proved to prolong APTT, PT, TT and improve the levels of t-PA and 6-keto-PGF1α significantly, meanwhile, PAI-1 and TXB2 were reduced apparently. By comparing tail bleeding time, MLP showed antithrombotic effects, but without the risk of bleeding, taking aspirin as a control. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Our experiments proved that MLP, a new patent health food, acted on both coagulation and fibrinolytic systems and the platelet aggregation to play antithrombosis roles, providing a theoretical basis for applications of MLP in preventing or curing thrombosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Shi
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenling Zheng
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Han
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Yang M, Tao L, Zhao CC, Wang ZL, Yu ZJ, Zhou W, Wen YL, Li LF, Tian Y, Sheng J. Antifatigue Effect of Panax Notoginseng Leaves Fermented With Microorganisms: In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:824525. [PMID: 35273989 PMCID: PMC8904179 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.824525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a common physiological phenomenon caused by many complicated factors. Excessive fatigue will lead to a series of uncomfortable reactions and damage body health. Panax notoginseng leaves (PNL) is a new resource food that good for soothing nerves, nourishing the heart, and strengthening the spleen. Microbial fermentation could increase the content of bio-ingredients and produce new active ingredients. However, the effect of fermented P. notoginseng leaves (FPNL) on antifatigue and the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the antifatigue effect of co-fermented P. notoginseng leaves by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis in-vitro and in-vivo, and its mechanism was further elucidated. The results showed that FPNL exhibited higher saponins, organic phenolic acids content, and antioxidant activity than PNL. FPNL improved ISO-induced H9c2 myocardial cell damage by alleviating apoptosis (modulating Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression) and reducing antioxidant activity in-vitro. Moreover, in-vivo experiment showed that FPNL significantly prolonged the weight-loading swimming time of mice. After gavaged FPNL, the levels of liver glycogen (LG) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were increased in mice. In contrast, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate acid, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased. In summary, our results indicated that FPNL showed a good antifatigue effect in-vivo and in-vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cun-Chao Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Lin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Jin Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Long Wen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling-Fei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Fei Li
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yang Tian
| | - Jun Sheng
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Jun Sheng
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The Study of Steaming Durations and Temperatures on the Chemical Characterization, Neuroprotective, and Antioxidant Activities of Panax notoginseng. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3698518. [PMID: 35035502 PMCID: PMC8758266 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3698518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (PN) is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines and has extensive pharmacological effects. Recent studies demonstrated that PN exhibited pharmacological effect related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether steaming process can boost its anti-AD activity is still unexplored. To fill this gap, effects of steaming durations and temperatures on the chemical characterization, neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of PN were systematically investigated in this study. HPLC fingerprint coupled with quantitative analysis demonstrated striking conversion of original saponins to less polar ones with the increase in the steaming time and temperature. In the viewpoint of anti-AD activity on neuroprotective and antioxidant effects, several steamed PN samples (110°C-6/8/10 h, 120°C ‐4/6 h samples) displayed a significant increase both in cell viability and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) values compared with the no steamed one (P < 0.01 or P < 0.005). Steaming temperature had the greater impact on the change of chemical composition and anti-AD activity of PN. Moreover, the spectrum-effect relationship analysis revealed that the transformed saponins were partially responsible for the increased neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steamed PN. Therefore, steamed PN could be used as a potential crude drug for prevention and treatment of AD.
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19
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Wei CC, Yue LF, You FT, Tao C. Panax notoginseng saponins alleviate osteoporosis and joint destruction in rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1302. [PMID: 34630657 PMCID: PMC8461612 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a number of anti-rheumatic drugs and biologics may be used to alleviate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), these compounds have been associated with bone loss and joint destruction; thus, alternative treatment approaches are required. In the present study, various plant extracts were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit joint destruction, and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Panax notoginseng, was identified as such a compound. Therefore, a rabbit antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model was generated by immunization with ovalbumin in Freund's complete adjuvant, followed by treatment with PNS for 3 months. The morphology of the quadriceps femoris muscle, cartilage chondrocytes and skeletal elements was histologically observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as micro-computed tomography. The results revealed that PNS significantly reduced the histopathological alterations associated with arthritic muscular atrophy and inflammation. In addition, TEM demonstrated that PNS protected chondrocytes from RA-associated damage. Furthermore, the bone density and microarchitecture in rabbits treated with PNS were markedly improved compared with those of the model group. Collectively, these data indicated that treatment with PNS may relieve osteoporosis and prevent joint and bone destruction in AIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chao Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Li Fei Yue
- Department of Traumatology, Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Fan Tian You
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Che Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
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Khaidizar FD, Bessho Y, Nakahata Y. Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Key Molecule of the Aging/Senescence Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3709. [PMID: 33918226 PMCID: PMC8037941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a phenomenon underlined by complex molecular and biochemical changes that occur over time. One of the metabolites that is gaining strong research interest is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+, whose cellular level has been shown to decrease with age in various tissues of model animals and humans. Administration of NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), to supplement NAD+ production through the NAD+ salvage pathway has been demonstrated to slow down aging processes in mice. Therefore, NAD+ is a critical metabolite now understood to mitigate age-related tissue function decline and prevent age-related diseases in aging animals. In human clinical trials, administration of NAD+ precursors to the elderly is being used to address systemic age-associated physiological decline. Among NAD+ biosynthesis pathways in mammals, the NAD+ salvage pathway is the dominant pathway in most of tissues, and NAMPT is the rate limiting enzyme of this pathway. However, only a few activators of NAMPT, which are supposed to increase NAD+, have been developed so far. In this review, we will focus on the importance of NAD+ and the possible application of an activator of NAMPT to promote successive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiqri D. Khaidizar
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0101, Japan;
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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21
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22
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Teseo S, Houot B, Yang K, Monnier V, Liu G, Tricoire H. G. sinense and P. notoginseng Extracts Improve Healthspan of Aging Flies and Provide Protection in A Huntington Disease Model. Aging Dis 2021; 12:425-440. [PMID: 33815875 PMCID: PMC7990376 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the strong increase in the proportion of older people worldwide, and the increased prevalence of age associated degenerative diseases, have put a stronger focus on aging biology. In spite of important progresses in our understanding of the aging process, an integrative view is still lacking and there is still need for efficient anti-aging interventions that could improve healthspan, reduce incidence of age-related disease and, eventually, increase the lifespan. Interestingly, some compounds from traditional medicine have been found to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that they could play a role as anti-aging compounds, although in depth in vivo investigations are still scarce. In this study we used one the major aging model organisms, Drosophila melanogaster, to investigate the ability of four herb extracts (HEs: Dendrobium candidum, Ophiopogon japonicum, Ganoderma sinense and Panax notoginseng) widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to slow down aging and improve healthspan of aged animals. Combining multiple approaches (stress resistance assays, lifespan and metabolic measurements, functional heart characterizations and behavioral assays), we show that these four HEs provide in vivo protection from various insults, albeit with significant compound-specific differences. Importantly, extracts of P. notoginseng and G. sinense increase the healthspan of aging animals, as shown by increased activity during aging and improved heart function. In addition, these two compounds also provide protection in a Drosophila model of Huntington’s disease (HD), suggesting that, besides their anti-aging properties in normal individuals, they could be also efficient in the protection against age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafino Teseo
- 1Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France.,2School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Houot
- 1Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Hervé Tricoire
- 1Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
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23
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Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy with highly female incidence. So far the function of notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), the extract from Panax notoginseng, has not been clearly elucidated in BC. Methods: Optimal culture concentration and time of NGR1 were investigated by cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell proliferation ability was measured by colony formation assays. Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of NGR1 on cell migration and invasion. The apoptosis rate of cells between each group was measured by TUNEL assay. Results: NGR1 treatment has an inhibitory effect on proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis and a stimulating effect on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. The 50% growth inhibitory concentration for MCF-7 cells at 24 h was 148.9 mmol/L. The proportions of MCF-7 cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase were 36.94±6.78%, 45.06±5.60%, and 59.46±5.60% in the control group, 75, and 150 mmol/L groups, respectively. Furthermore, we revealed that NGR1 treatment attenuates BC progression by targeted downregulating CCND2 and YBX3 genes. Additionally, YBX3 activates phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway by activating kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene, which is an activator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion: These results suggest that NGR1 can act as an efficacious drug candidate that targets the YBX3/PI3K/Akt axis in patients with BC.
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Wang QH, Kuang N, Hu WY, Yin D, Wei YY, Hu TJ. The effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on oxidative stress induced by PCV2 infection in immune cells: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e61. [PMID: 32735098 PMCID: PMC7402940 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are bioactive substances extracted from P. notoginseng that are widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and interstitial diseases. PNS have the functions of scavenging free radicals, anti-inflammation, improving blood supply for tissue and so on. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PNS on the oxidative stress of immune cells induced by porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection in vitro and in vivo. Methods Using an oxidative stress model of PCV2 infection in a porcine lung cell line (3D4/2 cells) and mice, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), total glutathione (T-GSH), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) were determined to evaluate the regulatory effects of PNS on oxidative stress. Results PNS treatment significantly reduced the levels of NO and ROS, the content of GSSG and the activities of XOD, MPO, and iNOS (p < 0.05), while significantly increasing GSH and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in infected 3D4/2 cells (p < 0.05).Similarly, in the in vivo study, PNS treatment significantly decreased the level of ROS in spleen lymphocytes of infected mice (p < 0.05), increased the levels of GSH and T-GSH (p < 0.05), significantly decreased the GSSG level (p < 0.05), and decreased the activities of XOD, MPO, and iNOS. Conclusions PNS could regulate the oxidative stress of immune cells induced by PCV2 infection in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Hua Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Na Kuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Wen Yue Hu
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ying Yi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ting Jun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China.
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25
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Qu J, Xu N, Zhang J, Geng X, Zhang R. Panax notoginseng saponins and their applications in nervous system disorders: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1525. [PMID: 33313270 PMCID: PMC7729308 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), also called "sanqi" in Chinese, are the main active ingredients which are extracted from the root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen., and they have been traditionally used as a medicine in China for hundreds of years with magical medicinal value. PNS have varied biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory effects, anti-cancer effects, anti-neurotoxicity, and the prevention of diabetes. Nervous system disorders, a spectrum of diseases originating from the nervous system, have a significant impact on all aspects of patients' lives. Due to the dramatic gains in global life expectancy, the prevalence of nervous system disorders is growing gradually. Even if the mechanism of these diseases is still not clear, they are mainly characterized by neuronal dysfunction and neuronal death. Consequently, it is essential to find measures to slow down or prevent the onset of these diseases. At present, traditional Chinese medicines, as well as their active components, have gained widespread popularity in preventing and treating these diseases because of their merits, especially PNS. In this review, we predominantly address the recent advances in PNS researches and their biological functions, and highlight their applications in nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Xu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repairing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Major Disorders-State Key Lab Incubation Base, Beijing Neuroscience Disciplines, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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26
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Yang F, Ma Q, Matsabisa MG, Chabalala H, Braga FC, Tang M. Panax notoginseng for Cerebral Ischemia: A Systematic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1331-1351. [PMID: 32907361 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is the most widely used Chinese medicinal herb for the prevention and treatment of ischemic diseases. Its main active ingredients are saponins, including ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, and notoginsenoside R1, among others. This review provides an up-to-date overview on the pharmacological roles of P. notoginseng constituents in cerebral ischemia. The saponins of P. notoginseng induce a variety of pharmacological effects in the multiscale mechanisms of cerebral ischemic pathophysiology, including anti-inflammatory activity, reduction of oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, inhibition of amino acid excitotoxicity, reduction of intracellular calcium overload, protection of mitochondria, repairing the blood-brain barrier, and facilitation of cell regeneration. Regarding cell regeneration, P. notoginseng not only promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, but also protects neurons, endothelial cells and astrocytes in cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, P. notoginseng may treat cerebrovascular diseases through multiple pharmacological effects, and the most critical ones need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Tongchuan People's Hospital, Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Qing Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Motlalepula G Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicines Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Hlupheka Chabalala
- IK-Based Technology Innovations Department of Science and Technology Brummeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Fernão Castro Braga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Minke Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
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27
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Xue K, Ruan L, Hu J, Fu Z, Tian D, Zou W. Panax notoginseng saponin R1 modulates TNF-α/NF-κB signaling and attenuates allergic airway inflammation in asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106860. [PMID: 32771949 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Panax notoginseng saponin R1 (PNS-R1) is one of the most important chemical monomers derived from the panax notoginseng, and our previous study found that PNS-R1 reduced glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in asthmatic airway epithelial cells. Thus, in this study, we explored the effects of the PNS-R1 on inflammation of allergic asthma. METHODS The asthmatic mice were administered 15 mg/kg PNS-R1 by intraperitoneal injection three days before sensitized to OVA. The effects of PNS-R1 on asthmatic mice were detected by airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-13, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were studied. We also treated human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) with house dust mites (HDM) and then detected the secretion of cellular inflammatory factors (IL-13 and TNF-α). Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to examine the effect of PNS-R1 on TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. TNF-α/NF-κB/IKK signal pathway activator was used in PNS-R1-treated asthmatic mice. RESULTS PNS-R1 significantly reduced the airway inflammatory, mucus secretion and hyperresponsiveness in asthma model. It also reduced the levels of IL-13, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and IgE and OVA-specific IgE in serum for asthma mice. PNS-R1 reduced IL-13 and TNF-α secretion in HDM-treated 16HBE cells. In addition, PNS-R1 suppressed TNF-α/NF-κB pathway in both asthmatic mice and 16HBE. Activation of NF-kB pathway reversed the therapeutic effect of PNS-R1 on asthmatic mice. CONCLUSION The results indicated that PNS-R1 effectively suppresses allergic airway inflammation of asthma partly through TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. PNS-R1 may play a potential role in allergic asthma treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjiao Xue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lingying Ruan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Daiyin Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China.
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Li F, Zhao H, Han Z, Wang R, Tao Z, Fan Z, Zhang S, Li G, Chen Z, Luo Y. Xuesaitong May Protect Against Ischemic Stroke by Modulating Microglial Phenotypes and Inhibiting Neuronal Cell Apoptosis via the STAT3 Signaling Pathway. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:115-123. [PMID: 30426907 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666181114140340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xuesaitong mainly comprises Panax notoginseng saponins and has shown a promising feature in an acute ischemic stroke model; however, its effect on long-term recovery following stroke, and the related mechanisms, are unknown. METHODS The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term protective effects of xuesaitong against ischemic stroke and its effect on microglial polarization. Experimental cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 45 min, and C57BL/6 mice were immediately injected with xuesaitong or vehicle through the caudal vein at the onset of cerebral reperfusion consecutively for 14 days. The animals were randomly divided into three groups: a sham-operated group, vehicle-treated group and xuesaitong-treated group at a dose of 15μg/g. Subsequently, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to assess infarct volume, and adhesive removal tests and balance beam tests were used to evaluate neurological deficits at days 1, 3, 7 and 14 following ischemia. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining for M1 markers (CD16, iNOS) and M2 markers (CD206, arginase-1) were performed to characterize phenotypic changes in microglia. Elisa was used to determine the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. TUNEL staining was conducted to detect neuronal cell apoptosis, and western blots were used to determine the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). RESULTS Our results revealed that xuesaitong treatment, compared with vehicle treatment, significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume 1 and 3 days after MCAO and resulted in significant improvements in long-term neurological outcomes. Furthermore, xuesaitong treatment, compared with vehicle treatment, significantly reduced M1 markers and elevated M2 markers 7 and 14 days after MCAO at both the mRNA and protein level in ipsilateral brain tissue. This finding was also accompanied by a reduction in neuronal cell apoptosis and p-STAT3 transcription factor levels in the xuesaitong-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that xuesaitong has long-term neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke, possibly by promoting the polarization of microglia to an M2 phenotype and by inhibiting neuronal cell death via down-regulation of the STAT3 signaling pathway, providing new evidence that xuesaitong might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Han
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Fan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwen Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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29
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Zhou YJ, Chen JM, Sapkota K, Long JY, Liao YJ, Jiang JJ, Liang BY, Wei JB, Zhou Y. Pananx notoginseng saponins attenuate CCL2-induced cognitive deficits in rats via anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects that involve suppressing over-activation of NMDA receptors. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110139. [PMID: 32302948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are characterized by synaptic damage and neuronal loss in the brain, ultimately leading to progressive decline of cognitive abilities and memory. Chemokine CC motif ligand 2 (CCL2) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and has been believed to contribute to HAND. Previous studies by our research team have shown that CCL2 enhances N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and causes nerve cell damage. However, there are few drugs currently available to treat nerve damage that is caused by CCL2. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are isolated from Panax notoginseng and benefit the human body in various ways, including the neuroprotective effect. However, the protective effect of PNS on CCL2-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown. In this study, we found that PNS improved CCL2-induced learning and memory impairment, and inhibited CCL2-induced cell death. These effects may be due to inhibiting over-activation of NMDA receptors by alleviating the dysfunction of glutamate metabolism. Furthermore, PNS-modulated CCL2-inducd intracellular oxidative stress was found to attenuate cell inflammation. Additionally, PNS pretreatment evidently inhibited apoptotic pathways by reducing the Bax/BCL-2 ratio and caspase-3, 8, 9 expressions. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PNS provides substantial neuroprotection against CCL2-induced neurotoxicity, and may be a novel therapeutic agent in CCL2-induced HAND or other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Jian-Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Kiran Sapkota
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, United States
| | - Jiang-Yi Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jun-Jun Jiang
- Guangxi key laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Bing-Yu Liang
- Guangxi key laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jin-Bin Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Zeng Y, He X, Jiang W, Kou J, Yu B. Ten Representative Saponins on Tissue Factor Expression in Human Monocytes: Structure–Activity Relationships and Molecular Docking. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20913684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins have significant bioactivities in treating cardiovascular disease. Whereas there is a lack of in-depth knowledge about how saponins prevent cardiovascular disease. Tissue factor (TF) is the major initiator of the coagulation cascade and plays an important role in hemostasis and thrombosis. However structure–activity relationships (SARs) of saponins inhibiting TF activity have not been discussed in detail at present. To further clarify the relationships between saponins and TF, in this study, 10 representative saponins were selected to study the inhibitory effect on TF procoagulant activity of monocytes by an improved chromogenic substrate method, and the possible SARs were preliminarily analyzed. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis suggested that 4 representative saponins had a good affinity with TF/FVIIa. In addition, a representative saponin, ruscogenin, decreased both messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels of TF in human monocytes partly due to its downregulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways. In conclusion, this study provides further explanation for the cardiovascular protection of saponins, and the analysis of SARs between inhibiting TF activity and saponins will be helpful to explore the therapeutic TF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Xuhua He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Junping Kou
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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The Importance of Natural Antioxidants in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Animal Models: An Overview. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3642491. [PMID: 32676138 PMCID: PMC7336207 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3642491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) face devastating health, social, and financial consequences, as well as their families and caregivers. Reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are essential strategies for SCI treatment. Some compounds from traditional medicine could be useful to decrease ROS generated after SCI. This review is aimed at highlighting the importance of some natural compounds with antioxidant capacity used in traditional medicine to treat traumatic SCI. An electronic search of published articles describing animal models of SCI treated with natural compounds from traditional medicine was conducted using the following terms: Spinal Cord Injuries (MeSH terms) AND Models, Animal (MeSH terms) AND [Reactive Oxygen Species (MeSH terms) AND/OR Oxidative Stress (MeSH term)] AND Medicine, Traditional (MeSH terms). Articles reported from 2010 to 2018 were included. The results were further screened by title and abstract for studies performed in rats, mice, and nonhuman primates. The effects of these natural compounds are discussed, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Moreover, the antioxidant properties of natural compounds were emphasized since oxidative stress has a fundamental role in the generation and progression of several pathologies of the nervous system. The use of these compounds diminishes toxic effects due to their high antioxidant capacity. These compounds have been tested in animal models with promising results; however, no clinical studies have been conducted in humans. Further research of these natural compounds is crucial to a better understanding of their effects in patients with SCI.
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Wound Healing and the Use of Medicinal Plants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2684108. [PMID: 31662773 PMCID: PMC6778887 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2684108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is the process by which skin repairs itself. It is generally accepted that cutaneous wound healing can be divided into 4 phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In humans, keratinocytes re-form a functional epidermis (reepithelialization) as rapidly as possible, closing the wound and reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Dermal fibroblasts migrate into the wound bed and proliferate, creating “granulation tissue” rich in extracellular matrix proteins and supporting the growth of new blood vessels. Ultimately, this is remodelled over an extended period, returning the injured tissue to a state similar to that before injury. Dysregulation in any phase of the wound healing cascade delays healing and may result in various skin pathologies, including nonhealing, or chronic ulceration. Indigenous and traditional medicines make extensive use of natural products and derivatives of natural products and provide more than half of all medicines consumed today throughout the world. Recognising the important role traditional medicine continues to play, we have undertaken an extensive survey of literature reporting the use of medical plants and plant-based products for cutaneous wounds. We describe the active ingredients, bioactivities, clinical uses, formulations, methods of preparation, and clinical value of 36 medical plant species. Several species stand out, including Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, and Paeonia suffruticosa, which are popular wound healing products used by several cultures and ethnic groups. The popularity and evidence of continued use clearly indicates that there are still lessons to be learned from traditional practices. Hidden in the myriad of natural products and derivatives from natural products are undescribed reagents, unexplored combinations, and adjunct compounds that could have a place in the contemporary therapeutic inventory.
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HMGB1-triggered inflammation inhibition of notoginseng leaf triterpenes against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100512. [PMID: 31547018 PMCID: PMC6843331 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a clinically common cerebrovascular disease whose main risks include necrosis, apoptosis and cerebral infarction, all caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. This process has particular significance for the treatment of stroke patients. Notoginseng leaf triterpenes (PNGL), as a valuable medicine, have been discovered to have neuroprotective effects. However, it was not confirmed that whether PNGL may possess neuroprotective effects against cerebral I/R injury. To explore the neuroprotective effects of PNGL and their underlying mechanisms, a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established. In vivo results suggested that in MCAO/R model rats, PNGL pretreatment (73.0, 146, 292 mg/kg) remarkably decreased infarct volume, reduced brain water content, and improved neurological functions; moreover, PNGL (73.0, 146, 292 mg/kg) significantly alleviated blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and inhibited neuronal apoptosis and neuronal loss caused by cerebral I/R injury, while PNGL with a different concertation (146, 292 mg/kg) significantly reduced the concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1 β, and HMGB1 in serums in a dose-dependent way, which indicated that inflammation inhibition could be involved in the neuroprotective effects of PNGL. The immunofluorescence and western blot analysis showed PNGL decreased HMGB1 expression, suppressed the HMGB1-triggered inflammation, and inhibited microglia activation (IBA1) in hippocampus and cortex, thus dose-dependently downregulating inflammatory cytokines including VCAM-1, MMP-9, MMP-2, and ICAM-1 concentrations in ischemic brains. Interestingly, PNGL administration (146 mg/kg) significantly downregulated the levels of p-P44/42, p-JNK1/2 and p-P38 MAPK, and also inhibited expressions of the total NF-κB and phosphorylated NF-κB in ischemic brains, which was the downstream pathway triggered by HMGB1. All of these results indicated that the protective effects of PNGL against cerebral I/R injury could be associated with inhibiting HMGB1-triggered inflammation, suppressing the activation of MAPKs and NF-κB, and thus improved cerebral I/R-induced neuropathological changes. This study may offer insight into discovering new active compounds for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Hu S, Liu T, Wu Y, Yang W, Hu S, Sun Z, Li P, Du S. Panax notoginseng saponins suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced barrier disruption and monocyte adhesion on bEnd.3 cells via the opposite modulation of Nrf2 antioxidant and NF-κB inflammatory pathways. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3163-3176. [PMID: 31468630 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a prerequisite for the pathogenesis of many cerebral diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation are well-known factors accounting for BBB injury. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), a clinical commonly used drug against cerebrovascular disease, possess efficient antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, the protective effects of PNS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-insulted cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) were assessed and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that PNS mitigated the decrease of Trans-Endothelial Electrical Resistance, increase of paracellular permeability, and loss of tight junction proteins in bEnd.3 BBB model. Meanwhile, PNS suppressed the THP-1 monocytes adhesion on bEnd.3 monolayer. Moreover, PNS prevented the pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and reactive oxygen species generation in bEnd.3 cells stimulated with LPS. Mechanism investigations suggested that PNS promoted the Akt phosphorylation, activated Nrf2 antioxidant signaling, and inhibited the NF-κB activation. All the effects of PNS could be abolished by PI3K inhibition at different levels. Taken together, these observations suggest that PNS may act as an extrinsic regulator that activates Nrf2 antioxidant defense system depending on PI3K/Akt and inhibits NF-κB inflammatory signaling to attenuate LPS-induced BBB disruption and monocytes adhesion on cerebral endothelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqing Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- School of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zongxi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ethanol extracts of Panax notoginseng increase lifespan and protect against oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans via the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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36
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Zhou L, Huang PP, Chen LL, Wang P. Panax Notoginseng Saponins Ameliorate A β-Mediated Neurotoxicity in C. elegans through Antioxidant Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:7621043. [PMID: 31275419 PMCID: PMC6582912 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7621043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) is the main hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and there is no effective drug to cure the progressive cognitive loss or memory deficits caused by the aggregative toxicity of Aβ protein. Oxidative stress has been hypothesized to play a role in progressive neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) from the rhizome of "pseudo-ginseng" exhibits potent antioxidant effects on aging process in neuron cells and animals. By using C. elegans as an ideal model organism, the present study shows that PNS (0.5-4 mg/mL) can significantly inhibit AD-like symptoms of worm paralysis and enhance resistance to oxidative stress induced by paraquat and aging conditions. Additionally, PNS extends lifespan and maintains healthspan of C. elegans by improving the swimming prowess and fertility at old age. It markedly activates the expression of SKN-1 mRNA, which further supports SKN-1 signaling pathway which is involved in the therapeutic effect of PNS on AD C. elegans. Our results provide direct evidence on PNS for treating AD on gene level and theoretical foundation for reshaping medicinal products of PNS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Pan-Pan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
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37
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Li W, Wu Y, Wan M, Chu Y, Wang X, Li S, Liu Z, Chen X, Polachi N, Zhou S, Sun H. Simultaneous determination of three saponins in human plasma after oral administration of compound danshen dripping pills by LC-MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 169:254-259. [PMID: 30878903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As one of the main constituents of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills (CDDP), Panax notoginseng (PN) plays a pivotal role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous researches have proved that the dammarane type saponins including notoginsenoside R1 (NR1), ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) and ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) are the main bioactive components of PN in CDDP. An efficient, realiable and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis method for simultaneously detecting NR1, GRg1 and GRb1 in human plasma was established and applied to the pharmacokinetics study of the three PN saponins after oral administration of CDDP. The human plasma samples were processed using acetonitrile and the target materials were separated on an Eclipse plus C18 column (100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) with a gradient mobile phase consisted of water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and methanol. Within the concentration ranges of 0.25-50 ng/mL, each calibration curve exhibited an excellent linear relationship (r>0.998). The precision deviations of intra-day and inter-day analysis were lower than 9.0%, and accuracy error (RE%) ranged between 1.5% and 10.5%. The average recoveries of analytes were >64.0%. The established method was successfully applied to determine the pharmacokinetics of the three saponins in human plasma. In addition to providing guidance for clinical safe medication, the experimental results also provided a valuable and reliable basis for further pharmacological studies of PN in the human body after oral administration of CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Mali Wan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Yang Chu
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovation Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Shuming Li
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Zuhui Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | | | - Shuiping Zhou
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovation Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - He Sun
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovation Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Xu C, Wang W, Wang B, Zhang T, Cui X, Pu Y, Li N. Analytical methods and biological activities of Panax notoginseng saponins: Recent trends. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:443-465. [PMID: 30802611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, also called Sanqi, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, which has long history used as herbal medicines. It is currently an important medicinal material in China, holding the first place in the sale volume of the whole patent medicines market in China, and the market size of the single species has exceeded 10 billion yuan. In addition, P. notoginseng is an important constituent part of many famous Chinese patent medicines, such as Compound Danshen Dripping Pills and Yunnan Baiyao. P. notoginseng saponins (PNSs), which are the major active components of P. notoginseng, are a kind of chemical mixture containing different dammarane-type saponins. Many studies show that PNSs have been extensively used in medical research or applications, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, acute lung injury, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, various PNS preparations, such as injections and capsules, have been made commercially available and are widely applied in clinical practice. AIM OF THE REVIEW Since the safety and efficacy of compounds are related to their qualitative and quantitative analyses, this review briefly summarizes the analytic approaches for PNSs and their biological effects developed in the last decade. METHODOLOGY This review conducted a systematic search in electronic databases, such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI, since 2009. The information provided in this review is based on peer-reviewed papers and patents in either English or Chinese. RESULTS At present, the chromatographic technique remains the most extensively used approach for the identification or quantitation of PNSs, coupled with different detectors, among which the difference mainly lies in their sensitivity and specificity for analyzing various compounds. It is well-known that PNSs have traditionally strong activity on cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, or brain injury. The recent studies showed that PNSs also responded to osteoporosis, cancers, diabetes, and drug toxicity. However, some other studies also showed that some PNSs injections and special PNS components might lead to some biological toxicity under certain dosages. CONCLUSION This review may be used as a basis for further research in the field of quantitative and qualitative analyses, and is expected to provide updated and valuable insights into the potential medicinal applications of PNSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yiqiong Pu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ning Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Research Institute of KPC Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Kunming 650100, China.
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39
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Lv H, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Duan Y. Elemental characteristics of Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) in Yunnan province of China: Multielement determination by ICP-AES and ICP-MS and statistical analysis. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Hu S, Wu Y, Zhao B, Hu H, Zhu B, Sun Z, Li P, Du S. Panax notoginseng Saponins Protect Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-Induced Barrier Dysfunction via Activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Antioxidant Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112781. [PMID: 30373188 PMCID: PMC6278530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) possess efficient antioxidant activity and have been used in the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke in China. In this study, we determined the protective effects of PNS on BBB integrity and investigated the underlying mechanism in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). MTT and LDH release assays revealed that PNS mitigated the OGD/R-induced cell injury in a dose-dependent manner. TEER and paracellular permeability assays demonstrated that PNS alleviated the OGD/R-caused disruption of BBB integrity. Fluorescence probe DCFH-DA showed that PNS suppressed ROS generation in OGD/R-treated cells. Immunofluorescence and western blot analysis indicated that PNS inhibited the degradation of tight junction proteins triggered by OGD/R. Moreover, mechanism investigations suggested that PNS increased the phosphorylation of Akt, the activity of nuclear Nrf2, and the expression of downstream antioxidant enzyme HO-1. All the effects of PNS could be reversed by co-treatment with PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Taken together, these observations suggest that PNS may act as an extrinsic regulator that activates Nrf2 antioxidant signaling depending on PI3K/Akt pathway and protects against OGD/R-induced BBB disruption in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yali Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Bo Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Baochen Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zongxi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Pengyue Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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41
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Luo ZJ, Guo TM, Tu Q, Cheng XL, Huang Y, Xiang MQ. Therapeutic effect of integrating Chinese patent medicine Xuesaitong Injection and western medicine in treating patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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42
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Kim JH, Lee S, Cho EJ. Acer okamotoanum protects SH-SY5Y neuronal cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:191-200. [PMID: 30815310 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress by over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain is widely known as a cause of neurodegenerative disease. We investigated protective effects of Acer okamotoanum against oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Acer okamotoanum reduced ROS production and lactate dehydrogenase release in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells, resulting in elevation of cell viability. To elucidate protective mechanisms, we measured inflammation and apoptosis-associated protein expressions. Treatment with A. okamotoanum dose-dependently decreased pro-inflammatory proteins such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Treatment with A. okamotoanum showed down-regulation of pro-apoptosis genes such as cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and Bax, and up-regulation of anti-apoptosis protein including Bcl-2, in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells. We demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of A. okamotoanum in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that A. okamotoanum may possess neuroprotective potential, but further study is necessary to elucidate its pharmacological effects in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- 2Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241 South Korea
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Sun Y, Yang T, Leak RK, Chen J, Zhang F. Preventive and Protective Roles of Dietary Nrf2 Activators Against Central Nervous System Diseases. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2018; 16:326-338. [PMID: 28042770 DOI: 10.2174/1871527316666170102120211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system diseases are major health issues and are often associated with disability or death. Most central nervous system disorders are characterized by high levels of oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor (Nrf2) is known for its ability to regulate the expression of a series of enzymes with antioxidative, prosurvival, and detoxification effects. Under basal conditions, Nrf2 forms a complex with Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1, leading to Nrf2 inactivation via ubiquitination and degradation. However, following exposure of Keap1 to oxidative stress, Nrf2 is released from Keap1, activated, and translocated into the nucleus. Upon nuclear entry, Nrf2 binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE), thereby inducing the expression of genes such as glutathione s-transferase, heme oxygenase 1, and NADPH quinine oxidoreductase 1. Many dietary phytochemicals have been reported to activate the protective Nrf2/ARE pathway. Here, we review the preventive and protective effects of dietary Nrf2 activators against CNS diseases, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. United States
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. United States
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282. United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. United States
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Saponins from Panax notoginseng leaves improve the symptoms of aplastic anemia and aberrant immunity in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:959-965. [PMID: 29710551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is usually treated with immunosuppressive agents, but their efficacy and safety are not satisfactory. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) promote the proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. This study aimed to examine the effects of leaf PNS (LPNS) on hematopoiesis and T cells in mouse models of AA. The experiments were performed in normal mice and AA mice (controls, cyclosporine, and low, medium, and high doses of LPNS). Hematopoietic cells were counted using colony formation assays. The proportions of T cells were measured by flow cytometry. The ERK1/2, T-bet, GATA-3, FOXP3, and RORγ proteins were assessed by western blotting. Cytokines were measured using a cytometric bead array. AA mice showed impaired hematopoiesis, high activation of T cells, and decreased expression of T-bet, GATA-3, and FOXP3. LPNS attenuated the inflammation observed in AA mice, and significantly increased the number of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The proportions of Th2 and regulatory T cells and the protein levels of P-ERK1/2, GATA-3, and FOXP3 were increased in the AA + LPNS mice compared with the AA mice. In contrast, LPNS decreased the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells and the protein expression of T-bet. LPNS and cyclosporine had similar effects, but of different amplitudes. These results suggest that LPNS have dual activities in AA: 1) promoting the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells; and 2) modulating T cell immune functions, an activity similar to that of cyclosporine. Additional studies are necessary to confirm those results before clinical use.
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Li G, Yu F, Wang Y, Yao L, Qiu Z, Wang T, Wang Z, Yang F, Peng D, Yu N, Chen W. Comparison of the chromatographic fingerprint, multicomponent quantitation and antioxidant activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza
Bge. between sweating and nonsweating. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4203. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhuan Li
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Fan Yu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Liang Yao
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Ting Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | | | - Fanglin Yang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
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Mancini S, Nardo L, Gregori M, Ribeiro I, Mantegazza F, Delerue-Matos C, Masserini M, Grosso C. Functionalized liposomes and phytosomes loading Annona muricata L. aqueous extract: Potential nanoshuttles for brain-delivery of phenolic compounds. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 42:233-244. [PMID: 29655691 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-target drugs have gained significant recognition for the treatment of multifactorial diseases such as depression. Under a screening study of multi-potent medicinal plants with claimed antidepressant-like activity, the phenolic-rich Annona muricata aqueous extract (AE) emerged as a moderate monoamine oxidase A (hMAO-A) inhibitor and a strong hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenger. PURPOSE In order to protect this extract from gastrointestinal biotransformation and to improve its permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), four phospholipid nanoformulations of liposomes and phytosomes functionalized with a peptide ligand promoting BBB crossing were produced. METHODS AE and nanoformulations were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn, HPLC-DAD, spectrophotometric, fluorescence and dynamic light scattering methods. Cytotoxicity and permeability studies were carried out using an in vitro transwell model of the BBB, composed of immortalized human microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3), and in vitro hMAO-A inhibition and H2O2 scavenging activities were performed with all samples. RESULTS The encapsulation/binding of AE was more efficient with phytosomes, while liposomes were more stable, displaying a slower extract release over time. In general, phytosomes were less toxic than liposomes in hCMEC/D3 cells and, when present, cholesterol improved the permeability across the cell monolayer of all tested nanoformulations. All nanoformulations conserved the antioxidant potential of AE, while phosphatidylcholine interfered with MAO-A inhibition assay. CONCLUSIONS Overall, phytosome formulations registered the best performance in terms of binding efficiency, enzyme inhibition and scavenging activity, thus representing a promising multipotent phenolic-rich nanoshuttle for future in vivo depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mancini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Nardo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Gregori
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Inês Ribeiro
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesco Mantegazza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Massimo Masserini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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Peng M, Yi YX, Zhang T, Ding Y, Le J. Stereoisomers of Saponins in Panax notoginseng (Sanqi): A Review. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:188. [PMID: 29593531 PMCID: PMC5859349 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Sanqi), a traditional Chinese medical drug which has been applied to medical use for over four centuries, contains high content of dammarane-type tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins. A number of stereoisomeric dammarane-type saponins exist in this precious herb, and some are particularly regarded as “biomarkers” in processed notoginseng. Contemporary researches have indicated that some saponin stereoisomers may show stereospecific pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, antioxidative, anti-photoaging, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and neuro-protective activities, as well as stereoselective effects on ion channel current regulation, cardiovascular system, and immune system. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of chemical compositions of raw and processed P. notoginseng with a particular emphasis on saponin stereoisomers. Besides, the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic researches, as well as determination and biotechnological preparation methods of stereoisomeric saponins in notoginseng are discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya X Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Le
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
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Liu MW, Wei R, Su MX, Li H, Fang TW, Zhang W. Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on severe acute pancreatitis through the regulation of mTOR/Akt and caspase-3 signaling pathway by upregulating miR-181b expression in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:51. [PMID: 29402262 PMCID: PMC5800027 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, Panax notoginseng has been used to treat oxidative stress-related diseases for a long time. Panax notoginseng saponins is an extract from Panax notoginseng Ledeb. Its therapeutic potential is related to antioxidant activity, but related mechanisms are still unclear. The study aims to assess the protection effects of Panax notoginseng saponins in the taurocholate-induced rat model of acute pancreatitis (AP) and explore underlying mechanisms. METHODS A rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was established in rats induced with taurocholate. Panax notoginseng saponins was firstly administered in the treatment group via intravenous injection. After 2 h, taurocholate administration was performed. After 24 h, the expression levels of miR-181b, Beclin1, LC3-II, Akt and mTOR from pancreas tissues were measured by Western Blotting and RT-PCR. Then the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Blc-2 were determined by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL assay. Amylase and lipase in serum were determined by ELISA and pancreatic water contents in pancreatic tissue were measured. After eosin and hematoxylin staining, the histologic analysis was performed. RESULTS After SAP induction by taurocholate and the treatment with Panax notoginseng saponins for 24 h, we detected the up-regulated miR-181b, the reduced Bcl-2 expression, the increased activity of mTOR/Akt, the blocked Beclin1 and LC3-II expressions, and the enhanced Caspase-3 expression. Serum lipase and amylase levels were significantly decreased in the treatment group of Panax notoginseng saponins compared to the control group. Histological analysis results verified the attenuation effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on taurocholate-induced pancreas injury, apoptosis, and autophagy. CONCLUSION By up-regulating the miR-181b expression level, Panax notoginseng saponins significantly reduced taurocholate-induced pancreas injury and autophagy and increased apoptosis. The significant protection effects of Panax notoginseng saponins suggested its potential in treating taurocholate induced-acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-wei Liu
- 0000 0000 9588 0960grid.285847.4Department of Emergency, the First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wu Hua District, Kunming, 650032 China
| | - Rui Wei
- 0000 0000 9588 0960grid.285847.4Department of Emergency, the First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wu Hua District, Kunming, 650032 China
| | - Mei-xian Su
- 0000 0000 9588 0960grid.285847.4Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, 1 Mayuan Road, Wu Hua District, Kunming, 650106 China
| | - Hui Li
- 0000 0000 9588 0960grid.285847.4Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, 1 Mayuan Road, Wu Hua District, Kunming, 650106 China
| | - Tian-wen Fang
- 0000 0000 9588 0960grid.285847.4Department of Postgraduate, Kunming Medical University, 1168, Chunrong West Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 0000 0000 9588 0960grid.285847.4Department of Emergency, the First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wu Hua District, Kunming, 650032 China
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Sun Z, Tan X, Ye H, Zou C, Ye C, Wang A. Effects of dietary Panax notoginseng extract on growth performance, fish composition, immune responses, intestinal histology and immune related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) fed high lipid diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:234-244. [PMID: 29127028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth, plasma biochemical parameters, fish composition, immune parameters, intestinal histology, and expressions of immune-related genes were examined in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) that fed respectively six diets containing Panax notoginseng extract (PNE) at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10 g kg-1 after 8 weeks. Results indicated that dietary PNE significantly improved growth, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein deposit rate, and significantly increased crude protein and crude lipid levels of whole body and crude protein level of muscle. Dietary PNE significantly increased plasma total protein, alkaline phosphatase, immunoglobulin, complement 3 and complement 4 contents, but significantly decreased cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol contents. Furthermore, dietary PNE increased villus length and muscle thickness in foregut, midgut, and hindgut, activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, and increased the expression levels of immune related genes (IL-10, TGF-β1, TOR, MHC2 and TLR3) in the head kidney and the expression levels of antioxidant genes (CAT and GR) in fish that fed PNE at 0.5-4 g kg-1. In conclusion, grouper fed high lipid diets supplemented with PNE at 0.5-10 g kg-1 improved growth, feed utilization, blood immune parameters, hepatic antioxidant status, intestine morphology and expression levels of immune related genes in the head kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Huaqun Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Cuiyun Zou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Anli Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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Zhao H, Han Z, Li G, Zhang S, Luo Y. Therapeutic Potential and Cellular Mechanisms of Panax Notoginseng on Prevention of Aging and Cell Senescence-Associated Diseases. Aging Dis 2017; 8:721-739. [PMID: 29344413 PMCID: PMC5758348 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to a dramatic increase in average life expectancy, most countries in the world are rapidly entering an aging society. Therefore, extending health span with pharmacological agents targeting aging-related pathological changes, are now in the spotlight of gerosciences. Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, a species of the genus Panax, has been called the "Miracle Root for the Preservation of Life," and has long been used as a Chinese herb with magical medicinal value. Panax notoginseng has been extensively employed in China to treat microcirculatory disturbances, inflammation, trauma, internal and external bleeding due to injury, and as a tonic. In recent years, with the deepening of the research pharmacologically, many new functions have been discovered. This review will introduce its pharmacological function on lifespan extension, anti-vascular aging, anti-brain aging, and anti-cancer properties, aiming to lay the ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Panax notoginseng's anti-aging effect to promote its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhao
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Han
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwen Li
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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